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MOOCA03 Design of High-power Graphene Beam Window proton, emittance, target, Windows 45
 
  • H.J. Wang, H.T. Jing, H. Qu, J.Y. Tang
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Beam window is a key device in high-intensity hadron beam applications, and it is usually used to separate air or other gas environments in the end of beam vacuum duct. Compared with the usually-used window materials such as Inconel alloy, Aluminum alloy and so on, the graphene has extremely high thermal conductivity, high strength and high transparency to high-energy ions. With the maturation of large-size graphene manufacturing technology, we have studied this new-type window for MW-class proton beam. The thermal analyses by the theoretical formula and simulations based on FEA are presented in this paper. Simultaneously, the scattering effect and the lifetime are also discussed. The preliminary results are promising. The same material can also be possibly applied to other devices such as charge-exchange stripping foils, beam monitors and so on.  
slides icon Slides MOOCA03 [1.467 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOOCA03  
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MOPRO039 Integrated Simulation Tools for Collimation Cleaning in HL-LHC simulation, collimation, proton, lattice 160
 
  • R. Bruce, C. Bracco, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, A. Lechner, A. Marsili, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, D. Pastor Sinuela, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua, V. Vlachoudis
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • R. Appleby, J. Molson, M. Serluca
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • R.W. Aßmann
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  • S.M. Gibson, L.J. Nevay
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • L. Lari
    IFIC, Valencia, Spain
  • C. Tambasco
    University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
  
  The Large Hadron Collider is designed to accommodate an unprecedented stored beam energy of 362~MJ in the nominal configuration and about the double in the high-luminosity upgrade HL-LHC that is presently under study. This requires an efficient collimation system to protect the superconducting magnets from quenches. During the design, it is therefore very important to accurately predict the expected beam loss distributions and cleaning efficiency. For this purpose, there are several ongoing efforts in improving the existing simulation tools or developing new ones. This paper gives a brief overview and status of the different available codes.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO039  
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MOPRO046 Comparison of MERLIN/SixTrack for LHC Collimation Studies collimation, optics, simulation, proton 185
 
  • M. Serluca, R. Appleby, J. Molson
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  • R. Bruce, A. Marsili, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • C. Tambasco
    University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
  
  Simulations of the LHC collimation system have been carried out in previous years with the well known SixTrack code with collimation features. MERLIN is a C++ accelerator physics library that has been extended to perform collimation studies. The main features of the code are: its modular nature, allowing the user to easily implement new physics processes such as resistive wakefields and synchrotron radiation, improved scattering routines and the MPI protocol for parallel execution. MERLIN has been configured to use the same scattering routines as SixTrack in order to benchmark the code for the LHC collimation system. In this paper we present a detailed comparison between MERLIN and SixTrack for optics and cleaning inefficiency calculation.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO046  
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MOPRO061 Study of the Beam Lifetime at the Synchrotron Light Source DELTA electron, synchrotron, vacuum, simulation 222
 
  • M.A. Jebramcik, H. Huck, S. Khan, R. Molo
    DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
  
  DELTA is a 1.5-GeV synchrotron light source operated by the TU Dortmund University. The beam lifetime, which is a critical issue for user operation of a light source, was studied experimentally and by simulation for different operation modes, i.e. single-bunch and multibunch fill patterns and for different beam currents. The electron loss rate is dominated by residual-gas scattering (Coulomb scattering and Bremsstrahlung) and by electron-electron scattering (Touschek effect). Since these processes depend in different ways on the momentum acceptance of the storage ring, a variation of the RF cavity voltage allows to disentangle their respective contributions to the total loss rate. The experimental results lead to a consistent picture for different operation modes with a characteristic dependence of the residual-gas pressure on the beam current.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO061  
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MOPRO109 Beam Loss Studies for the KEK Compact-ERL simulation, electron, cavity, beam-losses 349
 
  • O. Tanaka, T. Furuya, K. Harada, N. Nakamura, H. Sakai, M. Shimada, K. Umemori
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • E. Cenni
    Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Beam losses due to effects of Touschek, residual gas, intra-beam scattering, and field emission were studied for the KEK compact Energy Recovery Linac (cERL), which is now under commissioning. By studying the beam losses of cERL, we can better understand the loss mechanisms, estimate the beam loss rates, and localize potentially dangerous areas of the beamline for the future 3GeV ERL project. The goal is to achieve a safety low-emittance and high-current beams operation which can help contribute to the beam loss study under 3GeV ERL project. We used existing and modified ELEGANT routine to perform the simulations. We also developed a MATLAB data analysis algorithm to handle the large amount of information that is outputted from the program. The data obtained then compared with the theoretical estimation to judge the computation’s accuracy.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO109  
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MOPME026 IBS Simulations with Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) Technology simulation, GPU, factory, electron 436
 
  • S.A. Glukhov, E.B. Levichev, S.A. Nikitin, P.A. Piminov, D.N. Shatilov, S.V. Sinyatkin
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  A program code for 6D tracking has been developed taking into account IBS (Intra-Beam Scattering) and Touschek effect and using Monte-Carlo method. The simulation algorithm has been developed on the basis of well-known IBS theory presented in (*). The resulting program can be executed using GPGPU devices (General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units) supporting CUDA technology (Compute Unified Device Architecture).
* J. Le Duff, Single and multiple Touschek effects // Published in In Rhodos 1993, Advanced accelerator physics, vol. 2 573-586. CERN Geneva - CERN-95-06 (95/11,rec. Mar.96) 1993. p. 573-586. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME026  
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MOPME037 The Development of Stochastic Processes in COSY Infinity simulation, emittance, lattice, controls 457
 
  • J.D. Kunz
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • M. Berz, K. Makino
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • P. Snopok
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy.
COSY Infinity is an arbitrary-order beam dynamics simulation code. It can determine high-order transfer maps of combinations of particle optical elements. New features are being developed for inclusion in COSY to follow the distribution of particles through matter. To study in detail the properties of muons passing through material, the transfer map approach alone is not sufficient. The interplay of beam optics and atomic processes must be studied by a hybrid transfer map–Monte-Carlo approach in which transfer map methods describe the average behavior of the particles including energy loss, and Monte-Carlo methods are used to provide small corrections to the predictions of the transfer map accounting for the stochastic nature of scattering and straggling of particles. The advantage of the new approach is that the vast majority of the dynamics is represented by fast application of the high-order transfer map of an entire element and accumulated stochastic effects. The gains in speed will aid the optimization of muon cooling channels. Progress on the development of the required algorithms is reported. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME037  
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MOPRI018 Influence of Growth Method on K3Sb Photocathode Structure and Performance cathode, synchrotron, experiment, emittance 624
 
  • S.G. Schubert, T. Kamps, M. Schmeißer
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • K. Attenkofer, J. Smedley
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • E.M. Muller
    SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA
  • H.A. Padmore, J.J. Wong
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • M. Ruiz-Osés
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  • J. Xie
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Supported by Director, OoS., OBES of US DOE, Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-98CH10886, KC0407-ALSJNTI0013, DE-SC0005713, germ. BMBF, Land Berlin, Helmholtz Assoc.. Use of CHESS by NSF, DMR-0936384.
Future high brightness photoelectron sources delivering >100 mA average current call for a new generation of photocathodes. Materials which qualify for this purpose should exhibit low intrinsic emittance, long lifetime and high quantum efficiency at photon energies in the visible range of the spectrum to relax drive laser requirements. A combination of material science techniques are used to determine the influence of the growth parameters on structure and performance of photocathode materials . In-situ XRR, XRD and GiSAXS measurements were performed at the synchrotron radiation sources, NSLS and CHESS. The growth of K3Sb, a precursor material of one of the prime candidates CsK2Sb, was studied intensively to optimize this intermediate growth step in terms of quantum efficiency and roughness. Three methods, a “layer by layer” type and a “super-lattice type” were examined. K3Sb exists in two crystallographic phases, namely cubic and hexagonal. The cubic phase exhibits a higher quantum efficiency at 532 nm than the hexagonal phase and transforms more easily into CsK2Sb, tuning this phase is believed to be one of the key parameters in the CsK2Sb growth. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI018  
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MOPRI057 Photoemission from III-V Semiconductor Cathodes electron, cathode, vacuum, photon 736
 
  • S.S. Karkare
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • I.V. Bazarov, L. Cultrera, W.J. Schaff
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • X.G. Jin
    Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya, Japan
  • Y. Takeda
    Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
  
  Quantum efficiencies (QE) and mean transverse energies (MTE) of GaAs photocathodes grown using various techniques: metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and atomic polishing have been compared and found to be identical. GaAs and GaInP based samples grown at Nagoya University were activated and measured in the Cornell ERL photoinjector. These were found to be in agreement with the samples measured at the ERL injector in KEK.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI057  
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MOPRI077 Hi-Lumi LHC Collimation Studies with MERLIN Code collimation, optics, proton, simulation 784
 
  • M. Serluca, R. Appleby, J. Molson
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  
  The collimation system is key to the successful operation of the LHC. Measurements and simulations of the previous run at 4 TeV have shown that the system is ready for the next step, running at 7 TeV, but at the same time some sensitive cleaning locations have been identified. In particular the dispersion suppressors downstream of the betatron cleaning region in IR7 are sensitive to single diffractive scattered protons from the collimator jaws. These particles can lead to magnet quenching. The MERLIN C++ library has been developed to exploit the functionality of an object oriented code, with improved collective effects and scattering routines. New single diffractive and elastic scattering routines, based on a fit of existing experimental data with the Regge theory of soft interactions of high energy scattering, is implemented in MERLIN. In this paper we present the impact of the new single diffractive scattering physics on the cleaning inefficiency of the LHC collimation system for the Achromatic Telescope Squeezing (ATS) PreSqueeze optics scheme, for the HL-LHC project. The results are compared with the same loss map calculated using a SixTrack+K2 like scattering routine.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI077  
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MOPRI107 The Mitigation System of the Large Angle Foil Scattering Beam Loss caused by the Multi-turn Charge-exchange Injection injection, simulation, insertion, operation 873
 
  • S. Kato
    Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan
  • H. Harada, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, K. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  
  Funding: Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
In the J-PARC RCS, the significant losses were observed at the branch of H0 dump line and the Beam Position Monitor which was put at the downstream of the H0 dump branch duct. These losses were caused by the large angle scattering of the injection and the circulating beam at the charge exchange foil. To realize high power operation, we have to mitigate these losses. So, we developed a new collimation system in the H0 branch duct and installed in October 2011. In order to optimize this system efficiently, we focused on the relative angle of collimator block from scattering particles. We developed the beam based angler regulation method by the simulation and achieved the sufficient mitigation of the loss at 181 MeV injection energy. Since the injection energy will be upgraded to 400 MeV in this year, we will start to estimate again the collimator performance by the upgraded simulation set. We present this system as one of the mitigation methods of the large angle foil scattering beam loss caused by the multi-turn charge-exchange injection. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI107  
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MOPRI111 Improvements of the Crystal Routine for Collimation Studies proton, collimation, simulation, extraction 886
 
  • D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • A.M. Taratin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • I.A. Yazynin
    IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  A routine has been implemented to simulate interactions of protons with bent crystals in the collimation version of \texttt{SixTrack}. This routine is optimized in view of producing high-statistics tracking simulations of collimation cleaning assisted by bent crystals. Fine tuning and comparisons with experimental data of coherent effects which a particle can experience in a bent crystal have been carried out. The data taken with 400 GeV beams at the CERN-SPS North Area in the framework of the UA9 experiment are used to benchmark the routine. Further checks on low probability interactions have been made, leading to significant improvements in the description of interactions with crystals. Comparisons with other simulations tools are used to increase our confidence in the scaling to higher energies.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI111  
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MOPRI115 Activation Models of the ISIS Collectors synchrotron, simulation, controls, operation 893
 
  • H. V. Smith, D.J. Adams, B. Jones, C.M. Warsop
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  The ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is a pulsed neutron and muon source, for materials and life science research. The 163 m circumference, 800 MeV, 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron accelerates up to 3·1013 protons per pulse. The maximum operating intensity of the synchrotron is limited by loss during acceleration, mainly due to the non-adiabatic longitudinal trapping process between 0 and 3 ms, corresponding to energies between 70 and 200 MeV. In order to minimise global machine activation and prevent component damage a beam collimation, or collector, system is installed in a five metre drift section in super-period one, to localise loss to this region. This paper summarises new results from modelling of the beam collectors using the FLUKA code [1, 2]. Understanding the current performance of the collectors is important for high intensity beam optimisation and may influence future injection upgrade plans. Residual dose rates are compared to film badge measurements, predicted energy deposition results are compared to the measured heat load on the collector cooling systems and an assessment is made of the distribution of particles exiting the collector straight.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI115  
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TUPRO024 Benchmarking Studies of Intra Beam Scattering for HL-LHC lattice, optics, luminosity, injection 1064
 
  • D. Angal-Kalinin
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • A. Wolski
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • A. Wolski
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: Research supported by EU FP7 HiLumi LHC - Grant Agreement 284404
The effects of Intra Beam Scattering (IBS) in the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will be stronger compared to effects in the present LHC because of the high intensity of the proton bunches and the new proposed optics. We present benchmarking studies carried out for the present LHC at injection and collision energies as well as HL-LHC at collision energy with the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing optics. The results of IBS growth-rate calculations using the full Bjorken-Mtingwa formulae* are compared with simplified formulae**, Bane’s high energy approximation***, and the completely integrated modified Piwinski approximation****. The results of calculations based on these methods carried out in Mathematica are compared with results from the codes MAD-X and ZAP.
* J. Broken and S. Mtingwa, Part. Accel. 13, 115 (1983)
** K. Kubo et al, PRST-AB, 8, 081001 (2005)
*** K. Bane, EPAC2002
**** S. Mtingwa and A. Tollestrup, Fermilab-Pub-89/224, 1987. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO024  
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TUPRO074 Emittance Growth due to Multiple Coulomb Scattering in a Linear Collider based on Plasma Wakefield Acceleration plasma, emittance, acceleration, electron 1211
 
  • Ö. Mete, K. Hanahoe, G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • M. Labiche
    STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • M. Wing
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  
  Alternative acceleration technologies are currently under development for cost-effective, robust, compact and efficient solutions. One such technology is plasma wakefield accel- eration, driven by either a charged particle or laser beam. However, the potential issues must be studied in detail. In this paper, the emittance growth of the witness beam through elastic scattering from gaseous media is derived. The model is compared with the numerical studies.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO074  
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TUPME010 The Physics Programme of next MICE Step IV emittance, factory, experiment, simulation 1361
 
  • J.C. Nugent
    University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • V.C. Palladino
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  
  Funding: DOE, NSF, STFC, INFN, CHIPP and several others
The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment is progressing towards a full demonstration of the feasibility of ionization cooling technology decisive for neutrino physics and muon colliders. Step IV should provide the first precise measurements of emittances and first evidence of cooling. The components required for Step IV, including spectrometer solenoids, muon trackers and absorber-FC (focus coil) modules have been assembled with data collection expected in 2015. The physics programme of this Step will be described in detail, with LiH and a few other promising absorber materials of different shapes.
Abstract presented by the chair of the speaker bureau of the MICE collaboration, that would next select a MICE member to prepare and present the poster 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME010  
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TUPME019 Design and Simulation of a High Field - low energy Muon Ionization Cooling Channel emittance, focusing, solenoid, simulation 1386
 
  • H. K. Sayed, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  Muon beams are generated with inherited large transverse and longitudinal emittances. In order to achieve low emittance within the short lifetime of the muons, the only feasible cooling scheme is the ionization cooling. In this study we present a design and simulation of a novel ionization cooling channel. The channel operates at a very strong magnetic fields of 25-30 T with low muon beam energy starting from 66 MeV and decreasing gradually. We study the beam dynamics of such low energy beam in high field region inside and between cooling stages. Key design parameters will be presented and in addition the performance and channel requirements of RF cavities and high field magnets will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME019  
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TUPME061 Ultra-High Gradient Beam-Driven Channeling Acceleration in Hollow Crystalline Media acceleration, plasma, electron, target 1512
 
  • Y.-M. Shin, T. Xu
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  • G. Flanagan
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  • E.R. Harms, J. Ruan, V.D. Shiltsev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Since the recent discovery of the Higgs boson particle, there is an increasing demand in Energy Frontier to develop new technology for a TeV/m range of acceleration gradient. The density of charge carriers, ~ 1024 – 1029 m-3, of crystals is significantly higher than that of a plasma gas, and correspondingly in principle wakefield gradients of up to 0.1 - 10 TV/m are possible. Our simulations (VORPAL and CST-PIC) with Fermilab-ASTA* beam parameters showed that micro-bunched beam gains energy up to ~ 70 MeV along the 100 um long channel under the resonant coupling condition of the plasma wavelength, ~ 10 um. Also, with lowering a charge, electron bunches channeling through a high-density plasma medium have higher energy gain in a hollow channel than in a uniformly filled cylinder, which might be attribute to lower scattering ratios of the tunnel structure. The numerical analysis implied that synthetic crystalline plasma media (e.g. carbon nanotubes) have potential to mitigate constraint of bunch charges required for beam-driven acceleration in high density plasma media. The channeling acceleration** will be tested at the ASTA facility, once fully commissioned.
* ASTA: Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator
** [1] T. Tajima and M. Cavenago, PRL 59, 13(1987)
[2] P. Chen and R. Noble, SLAC-PUB-7402(1998)
[3] V.Shiltsev, Physics Uspekhi 55, 965(2012)
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME061  
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TUPRI017 Artificial Collisions, Entropy and Emittance Growth in Computer Simulations of Intense Beams emittance, space-charge, simulation, focusing 1588
 
  • O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Hofmann, J. Struckmeier
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  During particle tracking with self-consistent space charge artificial collision between the macro-particles lead to diffusion-like, numerical effects. The artificial collisions generate a stochastic noise spectrum. As a consequence the entropy and the emittance of the particle beam can growth along periodic focusing structures. The growth rates depend on the number of simulation macro-particles and on the space charge tune shifts. For long-term tracking studies the numerical diffusion can lead to incorrect beam loss predictions. In our study we present analytical prediction for the numerical friction and diffusion in 2D and 3D simulations. For simple focusing structures with derive a relation between the friction coefficient and the entropy growth. The scaling of the friction coefficient with the macro-particle number and the space charge tune shift is obtained from 2D and 3D simulations and compared to the analytic predictions.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI017  
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TUPRI025 Interplay of Touschek Scattering, Intrabeam Scattering, and RF Cavities in Ultralow-emittance Storage Rings emittance, lattice, storage-ring, coupling 1612
 
  • S.C. Leemann
    MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
  
  When it goes into operation in 2016, the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring will be the first ultralow-emittance storage ring based on a multibend achromat lattice. These lattices make use of a large number of weak bending magnets which considerably reduces the amount of power radiated in the dipoles in comparison to power radiated from insertion devices. Therefore parameters such as emittance, energy spread, and radiated power are no longer constant during a typical user shift. Since the charge per bunch is usually high, intrabeam scattering (IBS) becomes very strong creating a dependence of emittance on stored current. Since the bunch length can vary as insertion device gaps change, the emittance blow-up from IBS is not constant either. Therefore, the emittance, bunch length, and hence the resulting Touschek lifetime have to be calculated in a self-consistent fashion taking into account the bare lattice, RF cavity settings, bunch charge, and gap settings. This paper demonstrates the intricate interplay between transverse emittance (insertion devices, emittance coupling), longitudinal emittance (tuning of main cavities as well as harmonic Landau cavities), and choice of stored current.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI025  
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TUPRI028 Review of Rest Gas Interaction at Very Low Energies applied to the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring ELENA antiproton, emittance, ion, electron 1621
 
  • C. Carli, T.L. Rijoff
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  The Extremely Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a small synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler, which shall be constructed at CERN to decelerate antiprotons to energies as low as 100 keV. Scattering of beam particles on rest gas molecules may have a detrimental effect at such low energies and leads to stringent vacuum requirements. Within this contribution scattering of the stored beam on rest gas molecules is discussed for very low beam energies. It is important to carefully distinguish between antiprotons scattered out of the acceptance and lost, and those remaining inside the aperture to avoid overestimation of emittance blow-up. Furthermore, many antiprotons do not interact at all during the time they are stored in ELENA and hence this is not a multiple scattering process  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI028  
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TUPRI035 Measurement of Beam Size in Intrabeam Scattering Dominated Beams at Various Energies at CesrTA emittance, storage-ring, electron, photon 1635
 
  • M. P. Ehrlichman, K.J. Blaser, A. Chatterjee, W. Hartung, B.K. Heltsley, D.P. Peterson, D. L. Rubin, D. Sagan, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  
  Funding: This research was supported by NSF and DOE contracts PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, PHYS-1068662, DE-FC02-08ER41538, DE-SC0006505.
Recent reports from CesrTA have shown measurement and calculation of beam size versus current in CesrTA beams at 2.1 GeV. Here, the effect of changing the energy of IBS-dominated beams is reported. IBS growth rates have roughly a γ-3 dependence. Measurements at 1.8, 2.1, 2.3, and 2.5 GeV are shown and compared with predictions from IBS theory. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI035  
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WEIB02 RF Sub-Systems for Cargo and Vehicle Inspection linac, detector, photon, vacuum 1917
 
  • D.J. Mistry, T.A. Cross, C.R. Weatherup
    e2v, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
  
  X-ray screening for security is a well-established inspection technique. Whilst in terms of fielded systems the vast majority consist of low energy X-ray sources, typically used for hand baggage or mail screening. There is a smaller but high value niche market servicing the requirements for border security, and cargo and vehicle inspection (CVI). This latter application requires higher X-ray energies of up to 10 MeV using an electron linear accelerator (linac) source to penetrate fully loaded shipping containers. Increasingly, methods are required to improve throughput and provide a higher level of material discrimination during inspection. This paper will briefly review the elements required to make an effective X-ray source, whilst outlining the RF technology required to drive a linac-based X-ray security system. Following this, potential new developments in radiofrequency (RF) sub-systems will be discussed in the context of user benefits.
Abstract redrafted 10.6.14
Original abstract: redrafted 6.12.13. 'The purpose of this presentation is to provide an understanding of global industry security systems and the role of accelerators…' 		 
slides icon Slides WEIB02 [5.892 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEIB02  
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WEPRO001 Effect of Beam Dynamics Processes in the Low Energy Ring ThomX simulation, photon, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation 1933
 
  • N. Delerue, C. Bruni, I. Chaikovska, I.V. Drebot, M. Jacquet, A. Variola, Z.F. Zomer
    LAL, Orsay, France
  • A. Loulergue
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the French "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" as part of the program "investing in the future" under reference ANR-10-EQPX-51 and by grants from Région Ile-de-France.
As part of the R&D for the 50 MeV ThomX Compton source project, we have studied the effect of several beam dynamics processes on the evolution of the beam in the ring. The processes studied include among others Compton scattering, intrabeam scattering, coherent synchrotron radiation. We have performed extensive simulations of a full injection/extraction cycle (400000 turns). We show how each of these processes degrades the flux of photons produced and how a feedback system contributes to recovering most of the flux. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO001  
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WEPRO053 All-optical Free Electron Lasers using Travelling-wave Thomson Scattering electron, laser, FEL, undulator 2065
 
  • K. Steiniger, M.H. Bussmann, A.D. Debus, A. Irman, A. Jochmann, R.G. Pausch, U. Schramm
    Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
  • T.E. Cowan
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  
  In Travelling-Wave Thomson Scattering (TWTS) the pulse front of a high-power, short-pulse laser is tilted and the dispersion of the pulse is controlled in such a way that electrons can interact over a long distance with a quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic wave. We present a complete three dimensional analytic time-dependent description of the TWTS field and use this description to derive an analytic FEL equation that shows that TWTS indeed provides for an all-optical FEL. We further derive conditions for optimum operation of the TWTS FEL, showing that EUV and XUV FEL sources are in reach using Petawatt lasers and conventional few-hundred MeV electron sources. Future laser-wakefield accelerators could potentially drive all-optical TWTS-FELs in the X-ray and beyond. TWTS itself is optimum to provide full flexibility in terms of the wavelength and bandwidth of the scattered radiation, allowing for application-optimized, highly-brilliant Thomson Scattering sources for a broad range of wavelengths from the EUV to the gamma ray spectral region.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO053  
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WEPRO107 Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy at the LEPTA Facility positron, electron, background, vacuum 2215
 
  • P. Horodek
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • A.G. Kobets, I.N. Meshkov, O. Orlov, A.A. Sidorin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Since 2009 year the LEPTA facility at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna is operated with positron beam. Today it is developed into two directions. The first one is getting orthopositronium flux in flight. Slow positrons from 22Na source are accumulated in Surko trap and then are injected into the ring where they should overlap with electrons from the single-pass electron beam. In this way the flux of orthopositronium atoms will appear and will be observed in the process of registration of gamma quanta from annihilation process. The second group of works focuses on using the positron injector for Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) applications. This method is dedicated to detection of structural defects as vacancies in the solid body lattice. The latest progress of this technique is strictly connected with measurements of PAS characteristics using positron beams. The progress in the LEPTA development, the first results obtained in the PAS, idea and actual state of works concerning the construction of the pulsed positron beam will be presented. The creation of pulsed positron beams is the modern tendency in the PAS domain.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO107  
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WEPRO111 Fusion Based Neutron Sources for Security Applications: Neutron Techniques neutron, photon, target, resonance 2227
 
  • S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  
  The current reliance on X-Rays and intelligence for national security is insufficient to combat the current risks of smuggling and terrorism seen on an international level. There are a range of neutron based security techniques which have the potential to dramatically improve national security. Neutron techniques can be broadly grouped into neutron in/neutron out and neutron in/photon out techniques. The use of accelerator based fusion devices will potentially enable to wide spread application of neutron security techniques due to the potential for much safer operation than that offered by fission or sealed tube sources. In this paper we discuss some of the neutron security techniques available and the advantages they present.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO111  
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WEPRO115 The Star Project laser, electron, photon, linac 2238
 
  • A. Bacci, D.T. Palmer, L. Serafini, V. Torri
    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy
  • R.G. Agostino, G. Borgese, M. Ghedini, F. Martire, C. Pace
    UNICAL, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
  • D. Alesini, M.P. Anania, M. Bellaveglia, F.G. Bisesto, G. Di Pirro, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, A. Gallo, G. Gatti, A. Ghigo, B. Spataro, C. Vaccarezza, F. Villa
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • A. Cianchi
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
  • G. D'Auria, A. Fabris, M. Marazzi
    Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
  • T. Levato
    Czech Republic Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
  • V. Petrillo
    Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
  • E. Puppin
    Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy
  • P. Tomassini
    Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
  
  We present on overview of the STAR project (Southern european Thomson source for Applied Research), in progress at the Univ. of Calabria (Italy) aimed at the construction of an advanced Thomson source of monochromatic tunable, ps-long, polarized X-ray beams, ranging from 20 to 140 keV. The project is pursued in collaboration among: Univ. della Calabria, CNISM, INFN and Sincrotrone Trieste. The X-rays will be devoted to experiments of matter science, cultural heritage, advanced radiological imaging with micro-tomography capabilities. One S-band RF Gun at 100 Hz will produce electron bunches boosted up to 60 MeV by a 3m long S-band TW cavity. A dogleg will bring the beam on a parallel line, shielding the X-ray line from the background radiation due to Linac dark current. The peculiarity of the machine is the ability to produce high quality electron beams, with low emittance and high stability, allowing to reach spot sizes around 15-20 microns, with a pointing jitter of the order of a few microns. The collision laser will be based on a Yb:Yag 100 Hz J-class high quality laser system, synchronized to an external photo-cathode laser and to the RF system to better than 1 ps time jitter.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO115  
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WEPRO116 Direct High Power Laser Diagnostic Technique Based on Focused Electron Bunch electron, laser, solenoid, experiment 2242
 
  • R. Sato, A. Endo, K. Nonomura, K. Sakaue, M. Washio, Y. Yoshida
    Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
  
  In laser produced plasma EUV source, high intensity pulse CO2 laser is essential for plasma generation. To achieve high conversion efficiency and stable EUV power, we desire to measure laser profile in collision point. However, focused laser profile has not been observed directory by existing techniques. We have been developing laser profiler based on laser Compton scattering. Laser profile can be measured by scanning focused electron beam while measuring Compton scattering signal. This method is suitable for a high intensity laser, but very small spot size of electron beam is required. To achieve small spot size, we use S-band photocathode rf gun and special design solenoid lens. The beam size was simulated by General particle tracer (GPT) and directory measured by Gafchromic film HD-810. We have succeeded in observing minimum beam size of about 20 μm rms. We are preparing beam scanning system, pulse CO2 laser and a detector for Compton signal. In this conference, we will report the results of focused electron beam measurement and future prospective.
Work supported by NEDO(New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO116  
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WEPME058 Development of Thin Films for Superconducting RF Cavities SRF, superconductivity, lattice, power-supply 2406
 
  • S. Wilde, B. Chesca
    Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
  • A.N. Hannah, D.O. Malyshev, O.B. Malyshev, S.M. Pattalwar, R. Valizadeh
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • G.B.G. Stenning
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  Superconducting coatings for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities is an intensively developing field that should ultimately lead to acceleration gradients better than those obtained by bulk Nb RF cavities. ASTeC has built and developed experimental systems for superconducting thin-film deposition, surface analysis and measurement of Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR). Nb thin-films were deposited by magnetron sputtering in DC or pulsed DC mode (100 to 350 kHz with 50% duty cycle) with powers ranging from 100 to 600 W at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800 °C on Si (100) substrates. The first results gave RRR in the range from 2 to 22 with a critical temperature Tc=~9.5 K. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) and DC SQUID magnetometry revealed significant correlations between the film structure, morphology and superconducting properties.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPME058  
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WEPRI068 Conceptual Design of an Ideal Variable Coupler for Superconducting Radiofrequency 1.3 GHz Cavities cavity, vacuum, Windows, coupling 2648
 
  • C. Xu, S.G. Tantawi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  We present a new type of fundamental mode accelerator structure coupler. This coupler has a very simplified mechanical structure and is equipped with a novel vacuum window structure that allows the coupler to be divided into two parts. These two parts are fully thermally isolated, only coupled by thermal radiation. The rf power on the other hand get coupled perfectly from one part to the other. This is truly novel approach which is quite different than the conventional approach to this problem such as chock structure. The structure in general is slightly overmoded. We show that this structure can also be adopted to change the coupling coefficient and thus be tuned for an external Q. This could be of great utility for CW operation. We show the analytical and numerical calculation for a two window variable coupler.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI068  
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THOAB03 A High Resolution Spatial-temporal Imaging Diagnostic for High Energy Density Physics Experiments electron, target, proton, diagnostics 2819
 
  • W. Gai
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • S. Cao, H.S. Xu, W.-L. Zhan, Z.M. Zhang, Y.T. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • J.Q. Qiu
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • C.-X. Tang
    TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  We present a scheme that uses a high energy electron beam as a probe for time resolved (~ pico – nano seconds) imaging measurements of high energy density processes in materials with spatial resolution of < 1 μm. The device uses an electron bunch train with a flexible time structure penetrating a time varying high density target. By imaging the scattered electron beam, the detailed target profile and its density evolution can be accurately determined. In this paper, we discuss the viability of the concept and show that for densities in the range up to 400 gram/cm3, an electron beam consisting of a train of ~800 MeV bunchlets, each a few ps long and with charges ~nC is suitable. Successful demonstration of this concept will have a major impact for both future fusion science and HEDP physics research.  
slides icon Slides THOAB03 [2.493 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THOAB03  
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THPRO033 Electron-bunch Shaping for Coherent Compton Scattering electron, laser, radiation, simulation 4107
 
  • J.E. Thorne, P. Piot, I. Viti
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  • P. Piot
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Producing high-quality x rays could have important applications to high-precision medical imaging and national security. Inverse Compton scattering involving the head-on collision of a relativistic electron bunch with a high-power laser offers a viable path toward the realization of a compact x-ray source. A method consisting in reflecting a short-pulse laser onto a “relativistic mirror” (a moving thin sheet of electrons) has been proposed and recently demonstrated as a way to enhance the back-scattered photon flux by operating in the coherent regime. In this contribution we present particle-in-cell numerical simulations of the inverse Compton scattering process and especially investigate the impact of the laser-pulse and electron-beam distributions that could substantially improve the x-ray production via coherent emission.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRO033  
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THPME076 Oscillating Wire as a “Resonant Target” for Beam Transversal Gradient Investigation laser, photon, experiment, target 3412
 
  • S.G. Arutunian, A.V. Margaryan
    ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia
  
  Measurements of reflected/generated on oscillating wire secondary particles/photons in synchronism with oscillating wire frequency are proposed to done. The differential signal on wire maximal deviations at oscillation process can provide a fast signal proportional to beam profile gradient. Idea of usage of such “Resonant Target” for beam transversal gradient investigation was tested with lightening the oscillating wire by a laser.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME076  
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THPME090 Fast Luminosity Monitoring using Diamond Sensors for the Super Flavor Factory SuperKEKB luminosity, positron, photon, simulation 3442
 
  • D. El Khechen, P. Bambade, D. Jehanno, C. Rimbault
    LAL, Orsay, France
  
  Super luminous flavor factories, as SuperKEKB in Japan, aim to achieve very high luminosity thanks to a newly employed concept, the nano-beam scheme, where ultra-low emittance beams collide at very large crossing angle . Luminosity optimisation and dynamic imperfections require fast luminosity measurements. The aimed precision, 10-3 in 10 ms, can be achieved thanks to the very large cross-section of the radiative Bhabha process at zero-photon scattering angle. As a result of huge particle fluxes, diamond sensors are chosen to be placed just outside the beam-pipe, downstream of the interaction point, at locations with event rates consistent with the aimed precision and small enough contamination by backgrounds from single-beam particle losses . We will present the results concerning the investigation of the optimal positioning of our diamond sensors, taking into account the rate of Bhabha particles, their interactions with the beam pipe material.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME090  
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FRXBA01 Imaging Systems for 800 MeV Proton Radiography proton, quadrupole, experiment, permanent-magnet 4057
 
  • F.E. Merrill, D.B. Barlow, C.J. Espinoza, B.J. Hollander, K. Kwiatkowki, J.D. Lopez, F.G. Mariam, D.J. Morley, C.L. Morris, P. Nedrow, A. Saunders, A. Tainter, D. Tupa, J. Tybo
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed the technique of proton radiography as a flash radiography system for the study of dynamic systems. Historically these studies have focused on measuring fundamental material properties of dynamic materials (equation of state, strength, phase transitions…) as well as the physical processes important in predicting the hydrodynamic flow of these materials at high velocity pressure and density (instabilities such as Richtmyer-Meshkov, Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz). Recently these techniques have been extended to new applications which benefit from the unique capabilities of 800 MeV proton radiography. These new applications range from the study of metal alloy solidification to medical imaging applications. In addition to extending the application of this capability performance improvements have been investigated for future implementation. The results of dynamic studies and new applications are presented along with a proposed plan for future radiographic improvements.  
slides icon Slides FRXBA01 [8.667 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-FRXBA01  
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