IPAC2014 - List of Keywords (lattice)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOXBA01	Challenges in the Design of Diffraction-limited Storage Rings	emittance, photon, brightness, storage-ring	7
	R.O. Hettel SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	This presentation reviews current developments in the design of ultra-low emittance lattices, the experience and challenges with the operation of low emittance lattices and the main technological problems. Beam dynamics issues and collective effects for ultra low emittance machines are also addressed.
	Slides MOXBA01 [6.969 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOXBA01
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MOPRO012	Simulating Fast Beam-Ion Instability Studies in FFAG-Based ERHIc Rings	electron, ion, simulation, linac	83
	G. Wang, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In an electron accelerator, ions generated from the residual gas by the circulating electrons act back to the trailing electrons. Under unfavorable conditions this feed-back can cause unstable motion of the electron bunches, the process known as the fast beam ion instability. Current eRHIC design has two FFAG rings transporting 21 electron beams at 11 different energies. In this study, we use numerical simulation to investigate the fast ion instability in this complicated system, compare the simulation results with theory and discuss possible measures to mitigate the instability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO012
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MOPRO017	Low Emittance Lattice Cell with Large Dynamic Aperture	emittance, sextupole, dynamic-aperture, storage-ring	99
	A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Compact low emittance lattice cell providing large dynamic aperture is essential for development of extremely low (pm range) emittance storage rings. As it is well known, a pair of identical sextupoles connected by a mi-nus-identity matrix transformer in ideal case of kick-like magnets provides infinite dynamic aperture. Though the finite sextupole length degrades the aperture, it is still large enough, and in this report we discuss development of the low emittance cell providing the I condition for both horizontal and vertical chromatic sextupoles.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO017
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MOPRO039	Integrated Simulation Tools for Collimation Cleaning in HL-LHC	simulation, collimation, scattering, proton	160
	R. Bruce, C. Bracco, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, A. Lechner, A. Marsili, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, D. Pastor Sinuela, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Appleby, J. Molson, M. Serluca UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.W. Aßmann DESY, Hamburg, Germany R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom S.M. Gibson, L.J. Nevay Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom L. Lari IFIC, Valencia, Spain C. Tambasco University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
	The Large Hadron Collider is designed to accommodate an unprecedented stored beam energy of 362~MJ in the nominal configuration and about the double in the high-luminosity upgrade HL-LHC that is presently under study. This requires an efficient collimation system to protect the superconducting magnets from quenches. During the design, it is therefore very important to accurately predict the expected beam loss distributions and cleaning efficiency. For this purpose, there are several ongoing efforts in improving the existing simulation tools or developing new ones. This paper gives a brief overview and status of the different available codes.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO039
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MOPRO045	Beam Delivery Simulation: BDSIM - Development & Optimisation	simulation, collider, background, detector	182
	L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, H. Garcia, S.M. Gibson, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, J. Snuverink JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom L.C. Deacon UCL, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC - grant agreement 284404. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a Geant4 and C++ based particle tracking code that seamlessly tracks particles through accelerators and detectors, including the full range of particle interaction physics processes from Geant4. BDSIM has been successfully used to model beam loss and background conditions for many current and future linear accelerators such as the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) and the International Linear Collider (ILC). Current developments extend its application for use with storage rings, in particular for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity upgrade project (HL-LHC). This paper presents the latest results from using BDSIM to model the LHC as well as the developments underway to improve performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO045
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MOPRO047	Low Emittance Storage Ring Design for CANDLE project	emittance, storage-ring, booster, dynamic-aperture	188
	G.S. Zanyan, V. Sahakyan, A. Sargsyan, V.M. Tsakanov CANDLE, Yerevan, Armenia
	The most effective way to increase the brilliance of synchrotron light sources is the reduction of beam emittance. To improve the CANDLE synchrotron light source performance, a new low emittance facility has been designed with the account of the new developments in magnets fabrication technology of last decade. The lattices for the booster and storage rings are re-designed keeping the geometrical layout of the facilities. The new design provides the beam emittance in storage ring below 5nm with sufficient dynamic aperture. This report presents the main design considerations, the linear and non-linear beam dynamics aspects of the modified facility performance.
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MOPRO048	Update on Sirius, the New Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source	emittance, insertion, coupling, insertion-device	191
	L. Liu, A.P.B. Lima, N. Milas, A.H.C. Mukai, X.R. Resende, A.R.D. Rodrigues, F. H. de Sá LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
	Sirius is a 3 GeV synchrotron light source that is being built by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The electron storage ring uses the multi-bend-achromat approach (5BA in this case) to achieve a very low beam emittance of 0.28 nm.rad. The 518 m circumference contains 20 straight sections of alternating 6 and 7 meters in length, to be used for insertion devices as well as injection and RF systems. The 5BA cell is modified to accommodate a thin high field dipole (for 1.4˚ deflection) in the center of the middle bend producing hard X-ray radiation (12 keV critical energy) with a modest contribution to the total energy loss. This high field dipole (2.0 T) will be made of permanent magnet material, whereas the low field (0.58 T) ones, responsible for the main beam deflection, will be electromagnetic. Many challenges are associated with this kind of lattice, including both in beam dynamics and in accelerator engineering, that require R&D on new techniques. In this paper we discuss the main issues and achievements for Sirius during the last year.
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MOPRO049	A Low Emittance Lattice Design for the Canadian Light Source	sextupole, quadrupole, dipole, emittance	194
	L.O. Dallin, W.A. Wurtz CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
	The CLS presently has a 12 cell DBA lattice with a circumference of 170.88 m. By using conventional magnet designs an emittance of 18 nm-rad is achieved. Twelve 5 m straights are available for injection, an RF cavity and insertion devices. An emittance of 1 nm-rad (at 2.9 GeV) can be achieved replacing each DBAs with multi-bend achromats (MBAs) while preserving the 12-fold symmetry although with a reduction of the length of the straights. To achieve the strong focussing required for low emittance very strong field gradients are required in the dipoles as well as the quadrupole and sextupole magnets. Sufficient dynamic aperture for off-axis injection and Touschek lifetime may be possible.
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MOPRO053	Study of Upgrade Scenarios for the SOLEIL Storage Ring	emittance, optics, dipole, sextupole	203
	R. Nagaoka, P. Brunelle, X.N. Gavaldà, A. Loulergue, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Within the scope of a future major upgrade of the SOLEIL storage ring, presently having the energy of 2.75 GeV, the circumference of 354 m and the horizontal emittance of 3.7 nm.rad, towards a Diffraction Limited Storage Ring (DLSR), the present paper presents and discusses the outcomes of a series of studies launched to explore different possible scenarios for the magnet lattice arrangement, under the constraint of making the upgrade in the same existing machine tunnel. Two scenarios were presented earlier in this context, which both preserved all the existing free straight sections for insertions, though the bending magnet positions were not strictly conserved. The purpose of the extended studies is to explore, in particular, the range of horizontal emittance that can be reached by hypothetically removing some of the existing geometric constraints, such as suppressing or shortening partially the straight sections. The emittance range is equally studied by fulfilling rigorously all constraints. The dependence of the nonlinear properties of the magnet lattice on the linear optics is simultaneously investigated.
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MOPRO055	ESRF Upgrade Phase II Status	vacuum, storage-ring, emittance, sextupole	209
	J.-L. Revol, P. Berkvens, J.C. Biasci, J-F. B. Bouteille, N. Carmignani, J. Chavanne, F. Ewald, L. Farvacque, L. Goirand, M. Hahn, L. Hardy, J. Jacob, J.M. Koch, G. Le Bec, S.M. Liuzzo, T. Marchial, D. Martin, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, E. Plouviez, P. Raimondi, K.B. Scheidt, V. Serrière, R. Versteegen ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The ESRF is close to the end of the first phase (2009-2015) of its Upgrade Programme and has defined the objectives for the ensuing second phase. It envisions a major upgrade of the source to best serve the new science opportunities. The ESRF Council endorsed the proposal to perform the technical design study of a new 7-bend achromat lattice. This configuration will allow the storage ring to operate with a decrease in horizontal emittance by a factor of about 30 and a consequent increase in brilliance and coherence of the photon beam. This paper reports on the status of the accelerator project, highlighting the progress in the technical design.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO055
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MOPRO064	An Ultra-low Emittance Model for the ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Source Including Non-linear Effects	emittance, sextupole, quadrupole, synchrotron	228
	A.I. Papash, A.-S. Müller KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov, S.V. Sinyatkin, K. Zolotarev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	An ultra-low emittance lattice based on the ANKA ring geometry is under investigation in framework of the feasibility studies for a compact low emittance synchrotron light source at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). An attempt to apply the concept of split bending magnets cells and to reduce the natural emittance of the bare ANKA DBA lattice from 90 nm×rad down to 2.5 nm×rad with not-vanishing dynamic aperture is described in this paper. The TME cell with split bends and a quadrupole lens in-between as well as a pair of non-interleaved sextupole lenses separated by “I ” unit transfer matrix of betatron oscillations allows to decrease the theoretical minimum emittance of ANKA ring down to approximately 6 nm×rad. Further reduction of the phase space volume requires to brake “I ” symmetry and add extra families of sextupoles, locate an additional high order field elements inside the quadrupoles, optimize the phase advance between sextupole families, shift the betatron tune point, enlarge the sextupole strength and other measures. Results of simulations are reported.
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MOPRO072	Lattice Design History of the Iranian Light Source Facility Storage Ring	storage-ring, synchrotron, dipole, radiation	249
	H. Ghasem IPM, Tehran, Iran E. Ahmadi, F. Saeidi ILSF, Tehran, Iran
	Several lattice alternatives have been designed for the 3 GeV storage ring of Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF). Design of the ILSF storage ring emphasizes an ultra low electron beam emittance, great brightness, stability and reliability which make it competitive in the operation years. In this paper, we give a brief review of the main designed lattice candidates for the ILSF storage ring.
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MOPRO074	Super Bright Lattice for the Iranian Light Source Facility Storage Ring	dipole, emittance, storage-ring, radiation	255
	H. Ghasem IPM, Tehran, Iran E. Ahmadi ILSF, Tehran, Iran
	To have a competitive leading position in the future and to obtain ultra low beam emittance, save energy and minimizing operation cost, we have designed lattice based on the 5 low field dipole magnets per cell for the storage ring of Iranian light Source Facility (ILSF). The designed lattice has the capability of both soft and hard x-ray radiation from central dipoles. In this paper, we give specifications of lattice linear and nonlinear optimization and review properties of the radiated x-ray.
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MOPRO075	Evolution of Elettra towards an Ultimate Light Source	emittance, dipole, quadrupole, photon	258
	E. Karantzoulis Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	Considerations of possible lattices aiming to transform Elettra into an Ultimate Light Source (ULS), the best solution found and some considerations regarding the accelerator components are presented and discussed
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MOPRO077	Betatron Coupling Numerical Study at Elettra	coupling, emittance, betatron, quadrupole	264
	S. Di Mitri, E. Karantzoulis Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	Elettra lacks skew quadrupoles and the coupling is controlled via the vertical orbit. Elettra has typical operational coupling of 1%, values as low as 0.3% were reached but however not easily established and reproducible. In order to control the coupling in a reproducible manner skew quadrupoles must be installed. Simulations of the betatron coupling and correction for the Elettra synchrotron light source were performed and are here presented. The numerical study is based on measured machine misalignments and carried out with the ELEGANT particle tracking code. The inclusion of families of skew quadrupoles in the existing lattice is investigated and shown to be conclusive for the coupling correction at the level of 0.1%.
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MOPRO079	Design of Ultra-low Emittance Ring with Multi-bend Lattice on a Torus-knot	emittance, quadrupole, sextupole, insertion	271
	A. Miyamoto, S. Sasaki HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	We proposed a torus knot type synchrotron radiation ring in that the beam orbit does not close in one turn but closes after multiple turns around the ring. Currently, we are designing a new ring based on the shape of a (11, 3) torus knot for our future plan ‘HiSOR-II.’ This ring is mid-low energy light source ring with a beam energy of 700 MeV. Recently some light source rings are achieving very low emittance that reaches a diffraction limited light by adopting a multi-bend scheme to the arc section of the ring. It is not difficult for low-mid energy VUV-SX light source ring because the electron beam less than 10 nmrad can provide the diffraction limited light in the energy less than 10eV. However the multi-bend lattice has many families of the magnets, therefore it is not easy to decide the parameters of the lattice. Especially, it is difficult for the torus knot type SR ring because there is a lot of geometric limitation around the cross points of orbits. We present the details of the designing procedure and the specifications of the ultra-low emittance light source ring having innovatively odd shape.
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MOPRO089	Towards a Low Alpha Lattice for the ALBA Storage Ring	quadrupole, sextupole, storage-ring, operation	298
	M. Carlà, G. Benedetti, Z. Martí, F. Pérez CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	Funding: CELLS-ALBA A proposal of a low alpha lattice for the ALBA third generation light source is presented. Opposed to most of other machines, belonging to the same category, ALBA employs an optimized lattice making use of combined function dipoles. This has permitted a very compact design stripped out of all not strictly necessary quadrupoles resulting in a lack of flexibility. For such a reason the common approaches used in many other synchrotrons can not be directly applied to ALBA and a different strategy has to worked out.
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MOPRO094	TPS Commissioning Exercise Performed on the TLS	injection, storage-ring, quadrupole, emittance	307
	F.H. Tseng, H.-P. Chang, M.-S. Chiu, S.J. Huang NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) commissioning exercise by using the high-level accelerator physics application programs (HL-APAP) has been performed on the operational 1.5 GeV Taiwan Light Source (TLS) storage ring. It includes steering the injection beam in the first turn to achieve multi-turns and stored beam with the help of the RESOLVE analysis. The orbit correction programs using different algorithms such as SVD, Householder transformation, and local bumps were applied to reduce the closed orbit distortion of the stored beam and to adjust the beam orbit to pass through those field centers of quadrupoles indicated by the corresponding BPMs. The golden orbit defined by the measured data of BPMs corresponding to each quadrupole field center was based on the Beam Based Alignment (BBA). After approach the stored beam orbit to the golden orbit, we save all the BPMs data as the target orbit for machine operation. The lattice calibration is then performed by the LOCO. The detail of the commissioning exercise is described in this report.
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MOPRO095	Application Program for Automatically Getting the First Turn and Closed Orbit in TPS Commissioning	closed-orbit, storage-ring, booster, quadrupole	310
	M.-S. Chiu, H.-P. Chang, P.J. Chou, F.H. Tseng NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a 3 GeV third generation electron synchrotron light source, consist of 5 major modules: LINAC, LTB transfer line, booster ring, BTS transfer line and storage ring. Its beam commissioning is scheduled in 2014. Getting the first turn and approaching the closed orbit is a crucial step for achieving stored beam in ring-based accelerator commissioning. In order to make first turn beam commissioning efficient, we develop a MATLAB-based application program based on AT and MML for automatic beam steering and closed orbit search. The algorithm and simulation results are presented.
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MOPRO100	Engineering Integration Constraints on the Beam Physics Optimisation of the DDBA Lattice for Diamond	sextupole, dipole, quadrupole, vacuum	322
	R. Bartolini, M. Apollonio, C.P. Bailey, M.P. Cox, N.P. Hammond, R. Holdsworth, J. Kay, I.P.S. Martin, V.V. Smaluk, R.P. Walker DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom T. Pulampong JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The design and optimisation of the new DDBA lattice for Diamond has been performed taking fully into account, from the early stages, the geometry and the engineering integration constraints. In this paper we review the evolution of the DDBA cell, the rationale for its modification and the optimisation strategy used.
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MOPRO102	Engineering Solutions for the Diamond Double Double Bend Achromat Project	vacuum, dipole, synchrotron, multipole	328
	J. Kay, M.P. Cox, A.G. Day, N.P. Hammond, R. Holdsworth, H.C. Huang, P.J. Vivian DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The project to install a Double Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) providing an additional Insertion Device (ID) source for a new beamline at the Diamond Light Source is proceeding. This DDBA cell employs many of the technologies required for Diffraction Limited Storage Rings (DLSRs) and this paper describes the vacuum vessel, magnet and girder solutions in manufacture for the DDBA.
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MOPRO103	The Double-double Bend Achromat (DDBA) Lattice Modification for the Diamond Storage Ring	vacuum, dipole, quadrupole, sextupole	331
	R.P. Walker, M. Apollonio, C.P. Bailey, R. Bartolini, M.P. Cox, R.T. Fielder, N.P. Hammond, M.T. Heron, J. Kay, I.P.S. Martin, S.P. Mhaskar, G. Rehm, E.C.M. Rial, B. Singh, V.V. Smaluk, A. Thomson DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom R. Bartolini, T. Pulampong JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The concept of converting individual cells of the Diamond Double Bend Achromat (DBA) lattice into a modified 4-bend achromat with a new straight section for insertion devices (IDs) in the middle of the arc, grew out of earlier studies of low emittance MBA lattices, and was motivated by the need for additional ID straight sections, since all of the 22 ID straight sections in the Diamond storage ring are either occupied or have been allocated to future beamlines. Such a modification effectively replaces each DBA cell with two new DBA cells, hence the term Double-DBA or DDBA has come to be used for the project. Since the tangent point for bending magnet beamlines lies close to the start of the second dipole in the original DBA, this allows unused exit ports and spaces on the experimental hall which are available for future bending magnet beamlines to be used for higher performance ID beamlines. In this report we present an overview of the status of the project, the various accelerator physics and engineering studies that have been carried out, and plans for the implementation of one or two DDBA cells in Diamond. R. Bartolini, IPAC'13, p. 237
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MOPRO104	Low-Energy Intrabeam Scattering Measurements at the Spear3 Storage Ring	emittance, storage-ring, damping, radiation	334
	K. Tian, W.J. Corbett, X. Huang, J.A. Safranek SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Intrabeam scattering (IBS) can cause emittance growth in diffraction limited light sources. At lower beam energy, the IBS effect is expected to be more pronounced. To study these effects we have developed a series of low energy lattices in SPEAR3 with beam energy ranging from 3GeV to 700MeV. The horizontal beam size and bunch length are measured as a function of beam energy and compared with theoretic calculations.
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MOPRO108	Lattice and Start-to-end Simulation of the Mainz Energy Recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA	linac, experiment, simulation, optics	346
	R.G. Heine, K. Aulenbacher, F. Schlander, D. Simon IKP, Mainz, Germany
	Funding: work supported by the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research under the Cluster of Excellence "PRISMA" The institute for nuclear physics (IKPH) at Mainz University is designing a multi turn energy recovery linac for particle physics experiments . We present the current status of the lattice development of MESA together with a PARMELA start to end simulation. R. Heine, K. Aulenbacher, and R. Eichhorn: MESA-Sketch of an Energy Recovery LINAC for Nuclear Physics Experiments at Mainz, Proc. of the IPAC2012, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, p. 1993-1995.
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MOPME007	Multi-objective Optimization of the Linear and Non-linear Beam Dynamics of Synchrotron SOLEIL	storage-ring, multipole, vacuum, betatron	388
	X.N. Gavaldà, A. Díaz Ortiz, L.S. Nadolski SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	One of the most important challenges for the actual and new third generation of synchrotron light sources is to optimize the linear and the non-linear beam dynamics of these strong focusing lattices. The optimization of a storage ring lattice is a multi-objective problem that involves a high number of constraints in a multi-dimensional parameter space. In this paper we used Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and the tracking code ELEGANT to optimize the linear and non-linear beam dynamics of the SOLEIL synchrotron light source. The objectives of our optimization are the dynamical aperture and the momentum aperture which are strongly correlated to the injection efficiency and the Touschek lifetime, respectively. This paper will discuss the deployment of this computational approach using the SOLEIL computer cluster. The first results will also be presented and we will discuss possible improvements.
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MOPME011	Matrix Integration of ODEs for Spin-orbit Dynamics Simulation	simulation, operation, quadrupole, resonance	400
	A.N. Ivanov, Y. Senichev FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	MODE (Matrix integration of Ordinary Differential Equations) is a software package that provides nonlinear matrix maps building for spin-orbit beam dynamics simulation. In this article we briefly describe the developed integrated development environment features and present computational comparison with other simulation tools. MODE mathematical model is based on Newton-Lorentz and T-BMT equations that are expanded to Taylor series up to the necessary order of nonlinearity. The numerical algorithm is based on matrix presentation of Lie propagator. Spin-orbit simulation results of MODE are compared with results of COSY Infinity and OptiM. MODE provides a flexible graphic user interface, code auto complete technology and visual designer for accelerators. There is also a possibility to generate codes in different programming languages and parallelization techniques.
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MOPME012	A New Tool for Automated Orbit and Spin Motion Analysis	experiment, software, storage-ring, simulation	403
	D. Zyuzin FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	There are a lot of tools to simulate beam dynamics in accelerators of various types. Many of them are intended to use for specific purposes, and there are universal codes that can simulate both orbit and spin motion in magnetic and electrostatic structures. To start using these codes beam physicist first should have learn syntax, know features and methods how to describe lattice and beams in this particular code. Output data structures of different simulation programs are also vary and depend on peculiarities of each program. This paper proposes a new tool for automated generation and execution of input files for simulation programs and for data analysis of output data. The developed tool allows to describe a lattice, calculate different lattice parameters (like tunes) using simulation program, track particles inside the lattice and analyze various parameters of output data (like beam depolarization). Simulations and analysis can be done in parallel using built-in parallelization mechanisms, and all results can be stored in the database and can be easily fetched when needed. The tool is used to simulate beam and spin dynamics in different lattices to increase spin coherence time.
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MOPME037	The Development of Stochastic Processes in COSY Infinity	scattering, simulation, emittance, controls	457
	J.D. Kunz IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA M. Berz, K. Makino MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy. COSY Infinity is an arbitrary-order beam dynamics simulation code. It can determine high-order transfer maps of combinations of particle optical elements. New features are being developed for inclusion in COSY to follow the distribution of particles through matter. To study in detail the properties of muons passing through material, the transfer map approach alone is not sufficient. The interplay of beam optics and atomic processes must be studied by a hybrid transfer map–Monte-Carlo approach in which transfer map methods describe the average behavior of the particles including energy loss, and Monte-Carlo methods are used to provide small corrections to the predictions of the transfer map accounting for the stochastic nature of scattering and straggling of particles. The advantage of the new approach is that the vast majority of the dynamics is represented by fast application of the high-order transfer map of an entire element and accumulated stochastic effects. The gains in speed will aid the optimization of muon cooling channels. Progress on the development of the required algorithms is reported.
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MOPME040	MadFLUKA Beam Line 3D Builder. Simulation of Beam Loss Propagation in Accelerators	optics, dipole, shielding, database	463
	M. Santana-Leitner, Y. Nosochkov, T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76-SFO0515 Beam tracking programs provide information of orbits along the nominal trajectory to design beam-line optics. Other aspects like machine or radiation protection, which inspect the transverse dimensions and volumes, are simulated with radiation transport Monte Carlo codes, some of which also include magnetic tracking capabilities. Evaluation of certain aspects, like beam loss shower induced propagation along a beam line, or beam mis-steering phase-space, would require to combine features of both types of codes, or use the latter ones with full accelerator 3D implementations, often too cumbersome and time consuming. This paper presents MadFLUKA, a program that produces FLUKA compatible geometries from MAD files. Objects selected from a user user-configurable database are auto-replicated with the rules of ‘twiss’ and ‘survey’ files to create beam lines with hundreds of components. FLUKA magnetic subroutine is generated from MAD optics, including history randomization of fields for ray-trace analysis of mis-steering failures. MadFLUKA is used in the design of the LCLS-II, at SLAC.
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MOPME049	Design Considerations of the Final Turnaround Regions for the CLIC Drive Beam	emittance, extraction, kicker, dipole	485
	R. Apsimon, J. Esberg, A. Latina, D. Schulte, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The optics design of the final turnaround regions for the CLIC drive beam is presented. This includes the extraction region, the turnaround loop and the phase feed forward chicane for correcting errors on the bunch phase. The design specifications of the kicker and septum magnets are provided. Tracking simulations and detailed studies of coherent and incoherent synchrotron radiation have been used to optimise the optics in the turnaround region in order to minimise transverse and longitudinal emittance growth.
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MOPME083	Fast Kicker Systems for ALS-U	kicker, impedance, injection, storage-ring	564
	G.C. Pappas, S. De Santis, J.E. Galvin, L.R. Reginato, C. Steier, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 Fast kicker systems are required for the proposed upgrade of ALS to a diffraction-limited light source (ALS-U). The main approach is to have multiple stripline kicker magnets driven by inductive adders. The design details of the kicker structures and the inductive adder options will be discussed.
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MOPME084	Proposal for a Soft X-ray Diffraction Limited Upgrade of the ALS	emittance, insertion, insertion-device, injection	567
	C. Steier, A. Anders, D. Arbelaez, K.M. Baptiste, W. Barry, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, R.W. Falcone, J.-Y. Jung, S.D. Kevan, S. Kwiatkowski, T.H. Luo, A. Madur, H. Nishimura, J.R. Osborn, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, H. Tarawneh, W.L. Waldron, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley Lab has been updated many times and remains as one of the brightest sources for soft x-rays worldwide. However, recent developments in technology, accelerator physics and simulation techniques open the door to much larger future brightness improvements. Similar to proposals at several other 3rd generation sources, this could be achieved by reducing the horizontal emittance with a new ring based on a multi-bend achromat lattice, reusing the existing tunnel, as well as much of the infrastructure and beamlines. After studying candidate lattice designs, development efforts in the last year have concentrated on technology and physics challenges in four main areas: Injection, Vacuum Systems, Magnets and Insertion Devices, as well as main and harmonic RF systems.
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MOPRI076	Simulation of Dynamics in Ultra-compact Isochronous Medium Energy Racetrack FFAGs	cyclotron, focusing, dynamic-aperture, acceleration	780
	R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom K.M. Hock Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C. Johnstone PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications". The FFAG (Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient) accelerator is a class of accelerators that comprises the best features of the cyclotron and the synchrotron, combining fixed magnetic fields with strong focusing gradients for optimal stable, low-loss operation. Here, a new type of medium-energy 1-GeV isochronous (CW) FFAG has been developed in a racetrack layout that supports two opposing synchrotron-like straights, permitting both high-gradient RF modules and efficient injection and extraction in a highly compact footprint. In this paper we present beam dynamic simulations for this compact racetrack FFAG, and compare the differences between an equivalent circular and a racetrack configuration. A comparison of the FFAG dynamics with the 800-MeV (Daeδalus) cyclotron is briefly presented.
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TUZB01	Prospects for the use of Permanent Magnets in Future Accelerator Facilities	permanent-magnet, undulator, radiation, dipole	968
	J. Chavanne, G. Le Bec ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Permanent magnet based accelerator magnets may offer a viable alternative to their conventional electromagnetic pairs for many applications, especially where strong gradients and low power consumption is needed. As an example, the development of future light sources based on ultimate storage ring needs to be done in an important energy saving context aiming at a significant reduction of operational costs. After more than two decades of continuous developments in the field of permanent insertion devices, a knowledge capital on different issues such as aging effects has been gained. This technology seems ready to jump into the design and construction of advanced accelerator magnets. This talk reviews the status of the permanent magnet technology and the perspectives for its implementations in standard lattice magnets, highlighting both the advantages and the challenges as compared to electromagnetic magnets.
	Slides TUZB01 [9.341 MB]
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TUPRO008	Specification of Field Quality of the Interaction Region Magnets of the High Luminosity LHC Based on Dynamic Aperture	injection, quadrupole, optics, dipole	1013
	Y. Nosochkov, Y. Cai, M.-H. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, E. McIntosh CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404, and by the US LARP through US Department of Energy. The high luminosity LHC upgrade (HL-LHC) requires new magnets in the low-beta interaction regions with a larger aperture than in the existing LHC. These include the Nb3Sn superconducting (SC) inner triplet quadrupoles, Nb-Ti SC separation dipoles D1 and D2, and SC matching quadrupoles Q4 and Q5. The large aperture is necessary for accommodating the increased beam size caused by significantly higher beta functions in these magnets in the collision optics. The high beta functions also enhance the effects of field errors in these magnets leading to a smaller dynamic aperture (DA). It is, therefore, critical to determine the field quality specifications for these magnets which 1) satisfy an acceptable DA, and 2) are realistically achievable. The estimates of expected field quality obtained from magnetic field calculations and measurements were used as a starting point. Then, based on the DA study, the field errors were optimized in order to reach an acceptable DA. The DA calculations were performed using SixTrack. Details of the optimization process and summary of the field quality specifications for collision and injection energies are presented.
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TUPRO024	Benchmarking Studies of Intra Beam Scattering for HL-LHC	optics, luminosity, injection, scattering	1064
	D. Angal-Kalinin STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A. Wolski The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom A. Wolski Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by EU FP7 HiLumi LHC - Grant Agreement 284404 The effects of Intra Beam Scattering (IBS) in the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will be stronger compared to effects in the present LHC because of the high intensity of the proton bunches and the new proposed optics. We present benchmarking studies carried out for the present LHC at injection and collision energies as well as HL-LHC at collision energy with the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing optics. The results of IBS growth-rate calculations using the full Bjorken-Mtingwa formulae* are compared with simplified formulae, Bane’s high energy approximation, and the completely integrated modified Piwinski approximation**. The results of calculations based on these methods carried out in Mathematica are compared with results from the codes MAD-X and ZAP. J. Broken and S. Mtingwa, Part. Accel. 13, 115 (1983) K. Kubo et al, PRST-AB, 8, 081001 (2005) * K. Bane, EPAC2002 **** S. Mtingwa and A. Tollestrup, Fermilab-Pub-89/224, 1987.
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TUPRO025	Initial Estimate of Fringe Field Effects in HL-LHC using Frequency Map Analysis	quadrupole, multipole, luminosity, closed-orbit	1067
	S. Jones, D. Newton, A. Wolski The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom S. Jones, D. Newton, A. Wolski Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK The planned High Luminosity upgrade to the LHC will require stronger focusing of the beam in the interaction regions. To achieve this, the inner triplet quadrupoles will be replaced with new magnets having larger gradient and aperture. In this new focusing regime the quadrupole fringe fields are expected to have a greater effect on the beam dynamics, due to their large aperture, as compared to the nominal LHC. In this preliminary study, simplified models are used in a tracking code to assess the impact of the fringe fields on the dynamics using frequency map analysis.
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TUPRO051	Emittance Increase and Matching along the Tomography Module at PITZ	emittance, focusing, quadrupole, electron	1144
	G. Kourkafas, P. Boonpornprasert, J.D. Good, M. Groß, I.I. Isaev, D.K. Kalantaryan, M. Khojoyan, M. Krasilnikov, D. Malyutin, B. Marchetti, D. Melkumyan, M. Otevřel, T. Rublack, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany G. Asova INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria G. Pathak Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
	The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), focuses on testing, characterizing and optimizing high brightness electron sources for free electron lasers. PITZ is equipped with a number of transverse emittance measurement stations, among which is the Phase Space Tomography (PST) module. A PST measurement requires a specific transport along the tomography lattice, which ideally rotates the beam in the normalized transverse phase space by 180 degrees in equidistant steps. A preceding matching section is used to provide an injection scheme that delivers the necessary beam parameters for the design transport along the tomography lattice. The high charge density and moderate energy of the electron bunch at PITZ contribute to significant space-charge forces which lead to emittance growth and consequent mismatches of the design parameters. This article presents and evaluates measurements of the emittance increase along the matching section of a 1 nC beam at 22 MeV/c under different focusing schemes.
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TUPRO057	Solenoid Siberian Snake Without Compensation of Betatron Oscillation Coupling in Nuclotron@JINR	solenoid, betatron, coupling, focusing	1162
	Y. Filatov, V.A. Mikhaylov JINR, Dubna, Russia A.V. Butenko, A.D. Kovalenko JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The influence of solenoids on spin is very efficient, but beam focusing is determined mainly by structural quadru-poles. The condition of stable orbital motion of particles does not require compensation of the betatron oscillation coupling. To reduce the influence of the Snake on orbital motion it is desirable to exclude compensating quads completely. The design of solenoid Siberian snake for the Nuclotron lattice is presented. The orbital functions of the lattice were calculated and the results are discussed.
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TUPRO058	Lattice Correction Modeling for Fermilab IOTA Ring	closed-orbit, optics, dipole, insertion	1165
	A.L. Romanov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia G.T. Kafka, S. Nagaitsev, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The construction of the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is underway at Fermilab. Among the main goals of the facility are the proof-of-principle experiments on nonlinear integrable optics and optical stochastic cooling. Both require outstanding quality of the linear lattice and closed orbit. Software was developed to thoroughly test the proposed lattice configurations for error correction performance. The presented analysis is based on a statistical approach on a number of error seeds, such as various alignment, calibration and field errors.
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TUPRO063	Upgrade of Slicing and Tracking in MAD-X	quadrupole, dipole, optics, sextupole	1180
	H. Burkhardt, L. Deniau, A. Latina CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We describe the extension of the functionality of the slicing module and its applications in MAD-X. We can now select thick or thin slicing for individual quadrupoles or groups of quadrupoles and implemented tracking of thick quadrupoles and dipoles in MAD-X. Complex dipole magnets with fringe fields can now automatically be translated to simple bends with extra dipedges.
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TUPRO070	LHeC IR Optics Design Integrated into the HL-LHC Lattice	quadrupole, electron, proton, luminosity	1198
	E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: OPAC fellowship funded by European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485 The LHeC is a proposed upgrade to the LHC to provide electron-proton collisions and explore the new regime of energy and intensity for lepton-nucleon scattering. The work presented here investigates optics and layout solutions allowing simultaneous nucleon-nucleon and lepton-nucleon collisions at separate interaction points compatible with the proposed HL-LHC lattice. A first lattice design has been proposed that collides proton beam 2 with the electron beam. The nominal design calls for a β^* (beta function in the interaction point ) of 10 cm using an extended version of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme, and a L* (distance to the inner triplet) of 10 m. Modifying these two parameters, β^* and L*, can provide benefits to the current design since the values of these parameters have direct effects on the luminosity, the natural chromaticity and the synchrotron radiation of the electron beam. This work aims to explore the range over which these parameters can be varied in order to achieve the desired goal.
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TUPRO072	Lattice and Component Design for the Front End Test Stand MEBT at RAL	quadrupole, rfq, simulation, emittance	1205
	M. Aslaninejad, J.K. Pozimski, P. Savage Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom M.A. Clarke-Gayther, A.P. Letchford, D.C. Plostinar STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S.R. Lawrie STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) linear accelerator at Rutherford Appleton laboratory (RAL) will accelerate a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps H⁻ beam to 3MeV. The aim of FETS is to demonstrate perfect chopping using a novel 2 stage (fast / slow) chopper scheme. The beam chopper and associated beam dumps are located in the MEBT. Achieving a low emittance-growth under the influence of strong, non-linear space-charge forces in a lattice which has to accommodate the long chopping elements is challenging. The baseline FETS MEBT design is 4.3 m long and contains 7 quadrupoles, 3 rebunching cavities, a fast and slow chopper deflector and two beam dumps. In particle dynamics simulations using a distribution from an RFQ simulation as input, beam loss for the un-chopped beam is below 1% while the chopping efficiency is >99 % in both choppers. The final MEBT lattice chosen for FETS will be presented together with particle tracking results and design details of the beam line components.
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TUPRO082	Shape Optimization for the ESRF II Magnets	multipole, quadrupole, magnet-design, software	1232
	G. Le Bec, J. Chavanne, P. N'gotta ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Magnets are a keystone of the ESRF upgrade programme. The specifications of the magnets of the ESRF II lattice are stringent: high gradients, extended Good Field Region (GFR) and vertical gaps large enough for the X-ray beam ports. The magnet design approach is presented here. Shape optimization of the magnet poles is systematically used. The magnet design is treated as an ill-posed, non linear, constrained problem. Iterative algorithms have been developed; the algorithms converge in less than 10 iterations, leading to very short computation time. This design method has been applied to high gradient quadrupole magnets. The shape optimization leads to original pole profiles.
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TUPRO104	Design of the Beam Transfer Line Magnets for HIE-ISOLDE	dipole, quadrupole, linac, operation	1289
	J. Bauche, A.V. Aloev CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This paper describes the design of the beam transfer line magnets of the HIE-ISOLDE facility. The technical solutions selected to face the challenges associated with the machine requirements are presented, and the final design parameters and field quality are reported.
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TUPRO111	Summary of Field Quality of TPS Lattice Magnets	multipole, quadrupole, sextupole, dipole	1310
	J.C. Jan, C.-H. Chang, Y.L. Chu, T.Y. Chung, C.-S. Hwang, C.Y. Kuo, F.-Y. Lin, Y.T. Yu NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	A modern 3-GeV synchrotron radiation light source is under construction in NSRRC, named Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). Great quality of magnets is required to control the electron-beam in the required orbit in the storage ring (SR) and the booster ring (BR) of TPS. The mechanical and magnet field performance of these magnets were fully inspected in NSRRC. The standard deviation of the integral field strength of 48 SR-dipole magnets is better than 0.1%. The integral multipoles and offsets of the magnetic center of the 240 SR quadrupole and 168 SR sextupole magnets conform to strict specifications. The field characteristics of the BR combined-function dipole magnet were analyzed with an average of processing raw data. The standard deviation of the field strength of 54 BR dipole-magnets is better than 0.2%. The field quality of 36 BR pure quadrupole and 48 BR combined-function quadrupole magnets are accepted to meet the requirement of the booster ring. The field strength and multipole errors of 24 BR sextupole magnets were also examined. The detailed magnetic performance and technical issues of lattice magnets are discussed in this report.
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TUPME005	CLIC FFS Lattice Proposals Combining Local and Non-local Chromaticity Corrections	sextupole, collider, linear-collider, interaction-region	1343
	O.R. Blanco-García, P. Bambade LAL, Orsay, France R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The requirements on the Final Focusing System (FFS) for a new linear collider has lead to lattice designs where chromaticity is corrected either locally or non-locally. Here, alternative proposals of lattice design are presented for the current CLIC 500GeV beam parameters, combining the local chromaticity correction on the vertical plane and non-local correction on the horizontal. The tight tolerance on phase advances and beta functions imposed to obtain -I transformation required to cancel the chromatic terms is relaxed by enlarging the system length and using a more general transformation definition, aiming to obtain better results in tuning simulations.
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TUPME020	Complete Six-dimensional Muon Cooling Channel for a Muon Collider	emittance, collider, focusing, solenoid	1389
	D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, H. Witte BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We describe a complete 6D rectilinear cooling scheme for use in a Muon Collider. This scheme uses separate 6D cooling channels for the two signs of particle charge. In each, a channel first reduces the emittance of a train of 21 muon bunches until it becomes possible to merge them into a single bunch, one of each sign. The single bunches are then sent through a second rectilinear channel for further cooling towards the requirements of a Muon Collider. We adopt this approach for a new cooling lattice design for the Muon Collider, and for the first time present a end-to-end simulation. We review key parameters such as the required focusing fields, absorber lengths, cavity frequencies and rf gradients. *D. Stratakis et al., Phys. Rev. ST AB 16, 091001 (2013).
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TUPME021	Theoretical Framework to Predict Efficiency of Ionization Cooling Lattices	emittance, focusing, collider, betatron	1392
	D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Reduction of the 6-dimensional phase-space of a muon beam by 6 orders of magnitude is a key requirement for a Muon Collider. Recently, a 12-stage rectilinear ionization cooling channel has been proposed to achieve that goal. In this paper, we establish the mathematical framework to predict and evaluate the cooling performance of the proposed channel. We predict the system effectiveness, by deriving key lattice parameters such as the lattice quality factor which describes the rate of cooling versus the surviving particles and the longitudinal and effective partition numbers for each stage. Main theoretical findings, such as the equilibrium emittances and effective cooling length, are compared against findings from numerical simulations.
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TUPME024	A hybrid six-dimensional muon cooling channel with gas filled cavities	emittance, vacuum, cavity, simulation	1401
	D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Obtaining the desired micron-scale emittances for a Muon Collider requires transporting the muon beam through long sections of a beam channel containing rf cavities, absorbers, and focusing solenoids. Here we discuss possible implementation of high-pressure gas-filled RF cavities in a 6D ionization cooling channel and some technical issues associated with it. The key idea of our scheme is a hybrid approach that uses high-pressure gas to avoid cavity breakdown, along with discrete LiH absorbers to provide the majority of the energy loss. We show that the channel performs as well as the original vacuum rf channel while potentially avoiding degradation in rf gradient associated with the strong magnetic field in the cooling channel.
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TUPRI006	Decay Ring Design Updates for nuSTORM	injection, target, dipole, betatron	1565
	A. Liu, A.D. Bross, D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The nuSTORM FODO decay ring is designed to achieve both a large phase space acceptance of 2 mm and a large momentum acceptance of 3.8±10\% GeV/c. The goal is challenging, not only because the high dispersion needed at the Beam Combination Section (BCS) of the ring enlarges the beam size, but also because of the nonlinear beam dynamics. In this paper the preliminary design of the nuSTORM ring is presented, which includes the requirements, the ring parameters, and also the tracking results in the MADX PTC\_TRACKING module.
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TUPRI013	Dynamic Aperture Studies of the nuSTORM FFAG Ring	dynamic-aperture, closed-orbit, factory, detector	1574
	R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom K.M. Hock Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications". FFAG rings with a racetrack configuration are very promising as their flexible design allow for dedicated spaces for injection/extraction, RF cavities etc. A racetrack FFAG is considered as an option for the nuSTORM facility, which aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a ring with long sections pointing towards detectors. In this paper we discuss the definition of dynamic aperture in these machines and use the PyZgoubi framework to compute the many turn motion in the nuSTORM ring. The roles of machine imperfections and symmetry are discussed.
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TUPRI025	Interplay of Touschek Scattering, Intrabeam Scattering, and RF Cavities in Ultralow-emittance Storage Rings	emittance, storage-ring, scattering, coupling	1612
	S.C. Leemann MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
	When it goes into operation in 2016, the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring will be the first ultralow-emittance storage ring based on a multibend achromat lattice. These lattices make use of a large number of weak bending magnets which considerably reduces the amount of power radiated in the dipoles in comparison to power radiated from insertion devices. Therefore parameters such as emittance, energy spread, and radiated power are no longer constant during a typical user shift. Since the charge per bunch is usually high, intrabeam scattering (IBS) becomes very strong creating a dependence of emittance on stored current. Since the bunch length can vary as insertion device gaps change, the emittance blow-up from IBS is not constant either. Therefore, the emittance, bunch length, and hence the resulting Touschek lifetime have to be calculated in a self-consistent fashion taking into account the bare lattice, RF cavity settings, bunch charge, and gap settings. This paper demonstrates the intricate interplay between transverse emittance (insertion devices, emittance coupling), longitudinal emittance (tuning of main cavities as well as harmonic Landau cavities), and choice of stored current.
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TUPRI026	MAX IV Emittance Reduction and Brightness Improvement	optics, emittance, storage-ring, brightness	1615
	S.C. Leemann, M. Eriksson MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
	With MAX IV construction well underway and storage ring commissioning expected to commence in July 2015, first studies have been launched to improve the optics of the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring with the goal of further reducing the emittance from the baseline design (328 pm rad) towards 150 pm rad while improving the matching of the electron beam to insertion devices to further improve the resulting photon brightness. We report on progress in the development of this new optics taking into account the strong impact from intrabeam scattering and insertion devices on the resulting equilibrium emittance. We present initial results and sketch a path towards a first MAX IV upgrade.
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TUPRI029	The CERN PS Booster Space Charge Simulations with a Realistic Model for Alignment and Field Errors	simulation, resonance, space-charge, alignment	1624
	V. Forte, E. Benedetto, M. McAteer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN PS Booster is one of the machines of the LHC injector chain which will be upgraded within the LIU (LHC Injectors upgrade) project. The injection energy of the PSB will be increased to 160MeV in order to mitigate direct space charge effects, considered to be the main performance limitation, thus allowing to double the brightness for the LHC beams. In order to better predict the gain to be expected, space charge simulations are being carried out. Efforts to establish a realistic modeling of field and alignment errors aim at extending the basic model of the machine towards a more realistic one. Simulations of beam dynamics with strong direct space charge and realistic errors are presented and analysed in this paper.
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TUPRI040	New BBA Algorithm for Electron Beam Orbit Steering in Linear Accelerators	quadrupole, simulation, undulator, alignment	1650
	A. Sargsyan, V. Sahakyan, G.S. Zanyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia W. Decking DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	In linear accelerators or transfer lines beam-based alignment (BBA) techniques are important tools for beam orbit steering. In this paper BBA correction algorithm based on difference orbit multiple measurements is proposed. Numerical simulation results for European XFEL SASE1 and FLASH undulator section are presented, according to which the orbit alignment can be achieved within accuracy of about 2 microns and 5 microns respectively. The influence of quadrupole gradient errors is also discussed.
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TUPRI116	Engineering Data Management for the ILC Site Specific Design Phase	site, positron, linear-collider, collider	1839
	B. List, L. Hagge, J. Kreutzkamp, N.J. Walker DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	In August 2013, the Japanese ILC Site Evaluation Committee has recommended the Kitakami area in northern Japan as the technically preferred site for the International Linear Collider (ILC) in Japan. With this decision, the ILC planning has moved into a new stage where the Technical Design Report baseline design has to be adapted to the specific site, and refined in preparation for a possible construction project. Engineering data management provides the methods and supporting tools to create and maintain the design data throughout the entire life of the ILC project. The Management and integration of engineering data from the design teams around the globe that contribute to the ILC requires a carefully structured body of documentation, clearly defined processes including configuration control, and efficient vision sharing through 3D modelling.
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WEPRO009	A New Booster Synchrotron for the Sirius Project	booster, injection, emittance, sextupole	1959
	L. Liu, X.R. Resende, A.R.D. Rodrigues, F. H. de Sá LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
	The design for the Sirius full energy booster has been modified after the decision to change the storage ring lattice from TBA to 5BA in July 2012. In the new design the booster is concentric with the storage ring and shares the same tunnel. The achieved emittance of 3.7 nm.rad at 3 GeV for this large booster (496.8 m circumference) is better matched to the 5BA storage ring emittance of 0.28 nm.rad. Good nonlinear behaviour and efficient closed orbit correction in the presence of realistic errors are shown. Injection and extraction schemes and eddy current effects during ramping are also discussed.
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WEPRO013	Design Modifications and Installation of the Injection Girder System in the Taiwan Photon Source	injection, septum, kicker, photon	1968
	K.H. Hsu, J.-R. Chen, Y.L. Chu, H.C. Ho, D.-G. Huang, W.Y. Lai, C.J. Lin, Y.-H. Liu, H.M. Luo, S.Y. Perng, P.L. Sung, T.C. Tseng, H.S. Wang, M.H. Wu NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan J.-R. Chen National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The prototype of TPS injection girder system was designed and installed in a temporary factory. As the leakage field of the kicker magnet in the prototype was found to be too large according to both simulation and measurement to be acceptable, the lattice was altered to fit the requirements. In this paper, we present the design modifications of the injection girder system due to the new lattice. The DC septum magnet is replaced by a pre-AC septum magnet, of which its adjustable stage must be redesigned. The positions of vacuum components in the injection girder are also altered; we add some new holes in the prototype girder. The prototype of an injection girder system after modification has been installed in the tunnel of Taiwan Photon Source. The accuracy of position of three girders installed, and the stages for the septum or kicker magnet are within 0.25 and 0.08 mm, respectively.
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WEPRO042	Damping Wiggler with Tapered Period	wiggler, emittance, damping, radiation	2038
	K. Karyukina BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Strong-field short-period wigglers installed in electron storage ring increase the radiation damping integral I2 and either increase or decrease the I5 integral responsible for quantum excitation. In case of the I5 integral decreasing, the beam emittance can be substantially reduced. In the paper we discuss additional reduction of I5 by applying of the longitudinal modulation of the wiggler period (tapering).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO042
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WEPRO100	NORMA - The Normal-Conducting, Scaling Racetrack FFAG	extraction, injection, proton, dynamic-aperture	2198
	R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom K.M. Hock Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications". We present a design for a 30~-~350~MeV scaling racetrack FFAG accelerator for medical application - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) - which utilises normal-conducting magnets. NORMA consists of 12 FDF triplet cells with a maximum drift length of ∼ 2~m; an additional drift space inserted into two places forms a racetrack lattice with enough space for injection/extraction. Optimisation routines in PyZgoubi are used to find optimum cell parameters and working point.
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WEPRO117	The Accumulator of the ESSnuSB for Neutrino Production	linac, injection, proton, target	2245
	E.H.M. Wildner, J. Jonnerby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, H.O. Schönauer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Bouquerel, M. Dracos, N. Vassilopoulos IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France T.J.C. Ekelöf, R.J.M.Y. Ruber Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden M. Eshraqi, M. Lindroos, D.P. McGinnis ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research centre based on the world’s most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, using 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at 28 Hz to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. The high current in the horns of the target system for the neutrino production requires proton pulses far shorter than the linac pulse. Therefore an accumulator ring is required after the linac to produce the shorter pulses. Charge exchange injection of an H⁻ beam from the linac would be used. The Linac would deliver 1.1 10¹⁵ protons per pulse. Due to space charge limits, several rings or one ring re-filled several times during the neutrino cycle are necessary. A cost effective design of an accumulator that can handle this large number of ions will be shown, taking into account the structure of the linac pulse and the requirements of the target system. Beam dynamics issues, the injection system, the extraction and the distribution on the targets are addressed.
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WEPME026	Layout of the Vacuum System for a New ESRF Storage Ring	vacuum, storage-ring, radiation, insertion	2314
	M. Hahn, J.C. Biasci, H.P. Marques ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The proposed 7-bend achromat lattice for the new 6 GeV electron storage ring of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility imposes a change of the entire vacuum system. Small bore magnets will require low conductance vacuum chambers. Conventional vacuum pumps will have to be assisted by distributed pumping provided by Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) coating. The time constraints for design, prototyping, pre-assembly, installation and commissioning of the new systems require simple solutions and the use of existing expertise where possible. In this paper the draft layout of the vacuum system will be explained, information about the expected dynamic pressure distribution and conditioning will be given. Some technical solutions to resolve specific issues arising from the small vacuum chamber dimensions and the dense arrangement of components are described.
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WEPME058	Development of Thin Films for Superconducting RF Cavities	SRF, superconductivity, scattering, power-supply	2406
	S. Wilde, B. Chesca Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom A.N. Hannah, D.O. Malyshev, O.B. Malyshev, S.M. Pattalwar, R. Valizadeh STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G.B.G. Stenning STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Superconducting coatings for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities is an intensively developing field that should ultimately lead to acceleration gradients better than those obtained by bulk Nb RF cavities. ASTeC has built and developed experimental systems for superconducting thin-film deposition, surface analysis and measurement of Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR). Nb thin-films were deposited by magnetron sputtering in DC or pulsed DC mode (100 to 350 kHz with 50% duty cycle) with powers ranging from 100 to 600 W at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800 °C on Si (100) substrates. The first results gave RRR in the range from 2 to 22 with a critical temperature Tc=~9.5 K. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) and DC SQUID magnetometry revealed significant correlations between the film structure, morphology and superconducting properties.
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WEPRI097	STATUS OF 11 T 2-IN-1 Nb3Sn DIPOLE DEVELOPMENT FOR LHC	dipole, status, luminosity, magnet-design	2722
	A.V. Zlobin, N. Andreev, G. Apollinari, E.Z. Barzi, R. Bossert, M. Buehler, G. Chlachidze, J. DiMarco, A. Nobrega, I. Novitski, D. Turrioni, G. Velev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA B. Auchmann, M. Karppinen, L. Rossi, D. Smekens CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy and European Commission under FP7 project HiLumi LHC, GA no.284404 The LHC upgrade plans foresee installation of additional collimators in the LHC lattice. To provide the necessary longitudinal space for these collimators, shorter and stronger Nb3Sn dipoles compatible with the LHC lattice and main systems could be used. This paper describes the design and status of the twin-aperture Nb3Sn dipole being developed by FNAL and CERN for the LHC, and reports test results of two collared coils to be used in the first 1 m long twin-aperture dipole model.
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THPRO017	Comparison of the Detection Performance of Three Nonlinear Crystals for the Electro-optic Sampling of a FEL-THz Source	FEL, laser, detector, damping	2891
	B. Wu, L. Cao, Q. Fu, P. Tan, Y.Q. Xiong HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	The detector of a FEL-THz source at HUST is now in the physical design stage. The electro-optic (EO) sampling method will be employed for the coherent detection. The performances of three widely used EO crystals will be evaluated and compared numerically in the time domain detection: zinc telluride (ZnTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP). The phase matching properties are analyzed to find the appropriate probe wavelength. The EO detection response is calculated to select the suitable crystal thickness and to discuss the detection ability of each crystal.
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THPRO020	Linac Lattice Optimization for PAL-XFEL Hard X-ray FEL Line	linac, FEL, simulation, emittance	2900
	H. Yang, J.H. Han, H.-S. Kang, I.S. Ko PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by MSIP, Korea. PAL-XFEL is designed to generate 1 – 0.06-nm FEL in hard x-ray FEL line. The linac for hard x-ray generates 10-GeV, 200-pC, and 3-kA electron beam. It consists of accelerating columns, three bunch compressors, an X-band linearizer, and dog-leg line. We conduct ELEGANT simulations to obtain the optimized lattice for hard x-ray line. The candidates of the optimized lattice are obtained by Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) whose objectives are the FEL saturation power and length. These are evaluated with their error tolerances. Error tolerances are obtained by two methods of error simulations. First, the linear interpolation method is conducted in order to determine the machine tolerance. Also, we find out the dominant machine parameters to increase the beam jitter by this method. Second, the error simulations with random errors of machine parameters are conducted to verify the results of the linear interpolation method and calculate beam jittering levels. In this paper, we present the details of the optimized linac lattice for hard x-ray FEL. Also, we present the procedure of the linac lattice optimization.
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THPRO065	De-coherence Study of Betatron Oscillation for the Beam Shape Manipulation	synchrotron, betatron, target, radiation	3026
	Y. Shoji LASTI, Hyogo, Japan
	In electron storage ring a temporal perturbation to the beam makes spatial structure in a bunch, which emit short X-ray or coherent THz radiation. For this technique of bunch shape manipulation, it is important to reduce unwanted de-coherence of betatron motion, which would break the intended spatial structure. At NewSUBARU, 1.5 GeV storage ring, we kicked the beam using a vertical fast kicker and investigated the de-coherence of betetron oscillation using mainly a dual-sweep streak camera. The largest is the Landau damping by a well-known chromatic tune spread, although the phase spread comes back to zero at after a synchrotron oscillation period. On the other hand, there exists several non-linear effects, which makes accumulation of the oscillation phase spread. These are, horizontal betatron amplitude dependent vertical tune shift, synchrotron oscillation amplitude dependent synchrotron tune shift, non-linear chromaticity, synchrotron oscillation chromaticity (non-symmetry of rf bucket), longitudinal radiation excitation process, and others. The tuning knobs we had was some sets of non-linear magnets up to octupole and the rf voltage.
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THPRO073	Longitudinal Acceptance Evaluation from Hamiltonian	cavity, linac, simulation, acceleration	3047
	E. Laface ESS, Lund, Sweden
	An RF cavity is designed around a reference particle; if the energy or the phase of a real particle are too far from the reference, the particle is lost. The widest area of energy-phase that allows a particle to be transported by the cavity is called acceptance of the cavity. In simulations the acceptance is evaluated tracking several particles with different energies and phases and marking when a particle is transmitted or lost. This process can be time consuming because of the large amount of tracked particles requested to characterise the cavity acceptance. In this paper we propose an alternative method to evaluate the acceptance studying directly the Hamiltonian associated to the cavity.
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THPRO075	High-chromaticity Optics for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV Storage Ring	optics, storage-ring, sextupole, dynamic-aperture	3053
	T. Olsson, S.C. Leemann MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
	The MAX IV facility currently under construction in Lund, Sweden will include a 1.5 GeV storage ring. To prevent head-tail instability, the negative natural chromaticities of the MAX IV 1.5 GeV storage ring have been corrected to positive values using sextupole gradients in the focusing quadrupoles along with dedicated sextupole magnets. To allow adjustment of the chromaticity correction, weak correction sextupoles have been inserted into the lattice. A high-chromaticity optics has been developed for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV storage ring in case instability issues arise during commissioning. Two chromatic sextupole families were used to correct the linear chromaticity. The tune footprint was then tailored using the remaining two sextupole families with the goal of maximizing dynamic aperture and Touschek lifetime. This paper describes the recently developed high-chromaticity optics for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV storage ring and discusses performance limitations of the optics constrained by available gradient strength in the sextupoles.
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THPRO084	Beam Dynamics Observations of Slow Integer Tune Crossing in EMMA	simulation, acceleration, synchrotron, injection	3082
	J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom B.D. Muratori STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	When the betatron tune is an integer in a cyclical accelerator, dipole-field errors can drive the coherent addition of betatron amplitude to the bunch eventually causing particle loss. Transverse integer tune crossing in a linear non-scaling FFAG is inevitable due to finite chromaticity. In EMMA (Electron Machine with Many Applications), as many as 6 integers may be crossed is as little as 6 turns at maximum acceleration over the 10 – 20 MeV energy range. This fast integer tune crossing, of the order 1 integer per turn, was shown to have little effect on the coherent amplitude growth and charge loss rate. Slower acceleration inside an RF bucket in EMMA allowed the experimental exploration of slower integer tune crossing speeds, of the order of a factor ten slower. The effect on the coherent oscillation amplitude was observed and the charge loss at integer tune crossings indicated resonant effects on the bunch. Simulations in Zgoubi allowed a more detailed analysis and the mechanism of slower resonance crossing in a non-scaling FFAG is discussed, including the importance of coupled longitudinal-transverse decoherence on the effective emittance.
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THPRO092	Stochastic Noise Effects in High Current PIC Simulation	emittance, space-charge, simulation, solenoid	3101
	I. Hofmann, O. Boine-Frankenheim TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Hofmann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The numerical noise inherent to particle-in-cell simulation of 3D high intensity bunched beams is studied with the TRACEWIN code and compared with the analytical model by Struckmeier (1994). The latter assumes the six-dimensional rms emittance or rms entropy growth can be related to Markov type stochastic processes due to temperature anisotropy and the artificial "collisions" caused by using macro-particles and calculating the space charge effect. Our entropy growth confirms the dependency on bunch temperature anisotropy as predicted by Struckmeier. However, we also find noise generation by the non-Liouvillean effect of the Poisson solver grid, which exists in periodic focusing systems even when local temperature anisotropy is absent - contrary to predictions by Struckmeier's model.
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THPRO099	Toward a Virtual Accelerator Control System for the MYRRHA Linac	linac, controls, operation, cryomodule	3122
	J.-P. Carneiro Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA J.-L. Biarrotte IPN, Orsay, France F. Bouly LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France L. Medeiros Romão, R. Salemme, D. Vandeplassche SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium D. Uriot CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	The MYRRHA project currently under development at Mol, Belgium, is an Accelerator Driven System expected to be operational in 2023 with the primary purpose to study the feasibility of efficiently transmuting nuclear waste products into isotopes with much shorter lifetimes. The reactor, which is expected to have a thermal power of ~70 MW, may be operated in subcritical mode when fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV superconducting proton linac hitting a Liquid Pb-Bi eutectic (LBE) target with an average current of 4 mA. The challenging aspect of the MYRRHA linac resides in its very high availability (close to 100%) with a Mean Time Between Failure expected to be higher than 250 hours. This paper presents the strategic approach taken during the design of the linac and its foreseen operation to fulfill this stringent requirement. In particular we will describe the concept of a beam dynamics based control system also called Virtual Accelerator which will be mandatory for the operation of such linac.
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THPME033	Particle Tracking Studies for the LINCE SC Linac	cryomodule, solenoid, linac, ion	3295
	C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain A. Falone TTI, Santander, Spain C. Gómez IDOM, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA. LINCE facility makes use of a low-energy ion linac consisting of quarter-wave resonators designed for β = 0.045, 0.077 and 0.15 (72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz), and shielded solenoid magnets distributed along four different cryomodules. Particle tracking studies have been performed along the linac using realistic electric and magnetic field maps with and without space charge effects to prove a final energy of 8.5 and 45 MeV/u respectively for uranium ions and protons.
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THPME045	Beam Physics Design of the ESS Medium Energy Beam Transport	DTL, linac, rfq, emittance	3326
	R. Miyamoto, B. Cheymol, M. Eshraqi ESS, Lund, Sweden I. Bustinduy ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
	A radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linac (DTL) in the ESS proton linac are connected with a medium energy beam transport (MEBT) to remove low intensity bunches on the head and tail of a macro-pulse with a chopper and house diagnostic devices to characterize and adjust the beam out of the RFQ for the DTL. These must be achieved within a relatively short space and without large degradation of beam quality due to space charge force, imposing a challenge on the lattice design. This paper presents a beam physics design of the MEBT in the ESS proton linac, which satisfies its requirement while preserving a decent beam quality.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME045
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THPME138	Dynamic Comparison With XAL and Tracewin Based on the Injector-I of China ADS Test Stand	cavity, linac, cryomodule, solenoid	3572
	Y.L. Zhao, P. Cheng, H. Geng, C. Meng, S. Pei, B. Sun, H.J. Wang, B. Xu, F. Yan IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The injector scheme I (injector-I) of China ADS test stand is a superconducting Linac which accelerates 10mA beam to 3.2MeV, 5MeV, 10MeV, and then transports it to the dump. The dump line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion at the three different energies. The XAL from SNS was selected for the commissioning of China ADS. Because the beam current is so high, the nonlinear space charge force cannot be omitted. As we know, XAL calculates the space charge force with linear resolver. So, whether it could display the beam exactly enough is an important issue to consider. As a preparation for beam commissioning, the virtual accelerator in XAL frame was built and tested. Here in this paper, the envelopes of the 5MeV and 10MeV lattices from general XAL mpx application are shown and compared with the multiparticle tracking code TraceWin.
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THPME155	Beam Phase Space Reconstruction for Monitoring the Luminosity in the VEPP-2000 Collider	electron, luminosity, positron, collider	3623
	A.L. Romanov, I. Koop, E. Perevedentsev, D.B. Shwartz BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	16 synchrotron light imaging monitors available in VEPP-2000 can be used for evaluation of dynamic betas and emittances at collision. Tomographic techniques are useful for reconstruction of non-gaussian beam phase space at the IPs at high intensities of colliding bunches. The output is applied for prompt luminosity monitoring.
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THPME181	Progress on Beam Measurement and Control Systems for the ISIS Synchrotron	synchrotron, injection, quadrupole, controls	3700
	B. Jones, D.J. Adams, B.G. Pine, H. V. Smith, C.M. Warsop STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK produces intense neutron and muon beams for condensed matter research. Its 50 Hz, 800 MeV proton synchrotron delivers a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to two spallation targets. Recent developments to beam control and measurement systems at ISIS are described. New PXI-based digitising hardware and custom software developed with LabVIEW have increased the capability to study beam behaviour. New, more flexible power supplies for steering and trim quadrupole correction magnets have been commissioned allowing greater control of beam orbits and envelopes. This paper looks at recent linear lattice measurements and attempts to identify the source of lattice errors.
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THPME183	Longitudinal Beam Profile Measurements of the Microbunching Instability	detector, radiation, experiment, synchrotron	3706
	W. Shields, A. Finn, P. Karataev JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Bartolini, I.P.S. Martin, G. Rehm DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The microbunching instability is a phenomenon characterized by the onset of radiation bursts above a threshold bunch current. These bursts consist of coherent emissions with wavelengths comparable to the bunch length and shorter. The instability has recently been observed at Diamond Light Source, a 3rd generation synchrotron. The operating conditions for triggering the instability at Diamond Light Source are well known, however measuring the spectral content of the resulting emissions is a more challenging investigation. A Michelson interferometer has been installed with the aim of recording the coherent spectrum from the bunches, using ultra-fast response Schottky Barrier Diode detectors. The longitudinal profile of the bunches can be estimated with subsequent analysis.
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THPRI006	Dynamic Aperture Study of SuperKEKB with Beam-beam Effect	dynamic-aperture, sextupole, beam-beam-effects, quadrupole	3773
	A. Morita, H. Koiso, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide, H. Sugimoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The SuperKEKB is an asymmetric-energy double-ring collider to achieve 40 times higher luminosity than that of the KEKB B-factory. The strong non-linearity of both final focusing and beam-beam force, which are required to achieve such high luminosity, reduce dynamic aperture and limit Touschek beam lifetime. In order to achieve long enough beam lifetime for collision operation, we are studying the dynamic aperture under beam-beam effect. The study results of both dynamic aperture and Touschek beam lifetime are reported in this presentation.
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THPRI007	Lattice Optimization of BEPCII Collider Rings	luminosity, simulation, sextupole, collider	3776
	Y. Zhang, Q. Qin, C.H. Yu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	BEPCII is a double ring e⁺e⁻ collider operating in the tau-charm region. In March 2013, the peak luminosity achieves 7.0·10³² cm^-2s^-1 with a new lower alphap lattice. The beam-beam parameter is also increased from 0.033 to 0.04 with the new lattice. In this paper we'll review the lattice optimization history briefly and focus on the optimization of the lower alphap lattice.
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THPRI008	Interaction Region Lattice for FCC-ee (TLEP)	quadrupole, collider, dynamic-aperture, luminosity	3779
	A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. FCC-ee (TLEP)* project is a high-luminosity e⁺e^- collider and is an essential part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) design study at CERN . FCC-ee is being designed to reach center-of-mass energy from 90 to 350 GeV with circumference of 80-100 km to study Higgs boson properties and perform precise measurements at the electroweak scale. It is also an intermediate step towards 100 TeV proton-proton collider built in the same tunnel. Some of the limiting factors of the new collider are total energy loss due to synchrotron radiation, beam lifetime degradation owing to beamstrahlung, geometry of the tunnel required to accommodate the successor. The present paper describes linear lattice of interaction region and results of nonlinear beam dynamics study. * M.~Koratzinos et al., ‘‘TLEP: A HIGH-PERFORMANCE CIRCULAR e⁺e⁻ COLLIDER TO STUDY THE HIGGS BOSON'', IPAC2013, Shanghai, China, TUPME040 (2013)
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THPRI010	FCC-ee Final Focus with Chromaticity Correction	dynamic-aperture, optics, sextupole, collider	3782
	H. Garcia, R. Tomás, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A 100 km circular electron-positron collider is considered as one of the possible future high energy facilities. In order to achieve a high luminosity, strong beam focusing at the Interaction Point is used requiring the correction of the chromatic aberrations. In this paper we study preliminary designs of a Final Focus System for the TLEP collider with chromatic correction. Beam orbit stability and dynamic aperture calculations are also presented.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOXBA01

Challenges in the Design of Diffraction-limited Storage Rings

emittance, photon, brightness, storage-ring

7

R.O. Hettel
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

This presentation reviews current developments in the design of ultra-low emittance lattices, the experience and challenges with the operation of low emittance lattices and the main technological problems. Beam dynamics issues and collective effects for ultra low emittance machines are also addressed.

Slides MOXBA01 [6.969 MB]

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MOPRO012

Simulating Fast Beam-Ion Instability Studies in FFAG-Based ERHIc Rings

electron, ion, simulation, linac

83

G. Wang, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In an electron accelerator, ions generated from the residual gas by the circulating electrons act back to the trailing electrons. Under unfavorable conditions this feed-back can cause unstable motion of the electron bunches, the process known as the fast beam ion instability. Current eRHIC design has two FFAG rings transporting 21 electron beams at 11 different energies. In this study, we use numerical simulation to investigate the fast ion instability in this complicated system, compare the simulation results with theory and discuss possible measures to mitigate the instability.

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MOPRO017

Low Emittance Lattice Cell with Large Dynamic Aperture

emittance, sextupole, dynamic-aperture, storage-ring

99

A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
Compact low emittance lattice cell providing large dynamic aperture is essential for development of extremely low (pm range) emittance storage rings. As it is well known, a pair of identical sextupoles connected by a mi-nus-identity matrix transformer in ideal case of kick-like magnets provides infinite dynamic aperture. Though the finite sextupole length degrades the aperture, it is still large enough, and in this report we discuss development of the low emittance cell providing the I condition for both horizontal and vertical chromatic sextupoles.

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MOPRO039

Integrated Simulation Tools for Collimation Cleaning in HL-LHC

simulation, collimation, scattering, proton

160

R. Bruce, C. Bracco, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, A. Lechner, A. Marsili, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, D. Pastor Sinuela, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Appleby, J. Molson, M. Serluca
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.W. Aßmann
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
S.M. Gibson, L.J. Nevay
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
L. Lari
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
C. Tambasco
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

The Large Hadron Collider is designed to accommodate an unprecedented stored beam energy of 362~MJ in the nominal configuration and about the double in the high-luminosity upgrade HL-LHC that is presently under study. This requires an efficient collimation system to protect the superconducting magnets from quenches. During the design, it is therefore very important to accurately predict the expected beam loss distributions and cleaning efficiency. For this purpose, there are several ongoing efforts in improving the existing simulation tools or developing new ones. This paper gives a brief overview and status of the different available codes.

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MOPRO045

Beam Delivery Simulation: BDSIM - Development & Optimisation

simulation, collider, background, detector

182

L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, H. Garcia, S.M. Gibson, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, J. Snuverink
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
L.C. Deacon
UCL, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC - grant agreement 284404.
Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a Geant4 and C++ based particle tracking code that seamlessly tracks particles through accelerators and detectors, including the full range of particle interaction physics processes from Geant4. BDSIM has been successfully used to model beam loss and background conditions for many current and future linear accelerators such as the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) and the International Linear Collider (ILC). Current developments extend its application for use with storage rings, in particular for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity upgrade project (HL-LHC). This paper presents the latest results from using BDSIM to model the LHC as well as the developments underway to improve performance.

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MOPRO047

Low Emittance Storage Ring Design for CANDLE project

emittance, storage-ring, booster, dynamic-aperture

188

G.S. Zanyan, V. Sahakyan, A. Sargsyan, V.M. Tsakanov
CANDLE, Yerevan, Armenia

The most effective way to increase the brilliance of synchrotron light sources is the reduction of beam emittance. To improve the CANDLE synchrotron light source performance, a new low emittance facility has been designed with the account of the new developments in magnets fabrication technology of last decade. The lattices for the booster and storage rings are re-designed keeping the geometrical layout of the facilities. The new design provides the beam emittance in storage ring below 5nm with sufficient dynamic aperture. This report presents the main design considerations, the linear and non-linear beam dynamics aspects of the modified facility performance.

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MOPRO048

Update on Sirius, the New Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source

emittance, insertion, coupling, insertion-device

191

L. Liu, A.P.B. Lima, N. Milas, A.H.C. Mukai, X.R. Resende, A.R.D. Rodrigues, F. H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

Sirius is a 3 GeV synchrotron light source that is being built by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The electron storage ring uses the multi-bend-achromat approach (5BA in this case) to achieve a very low beam emittance of 0.28 nm.rad. The 518 m circumference contains 20 straight sections of alternating 6 and 7 meters in length, to be used for insertion devices as well as injection and RF systems. The 5BA cell is modified to accommodate a thin high field dipole (for 1.4˚ deflection) in the center of the middle bend producing hard X-ray radiation (12 keV critical energy) with a modest contribution to the total energy loss. This high field dipole (2.0 T) will be made of permanent magnet material, whereas the low field (0.58 T) ones, responsible for the main beam deflection, will be electromagnetic. Many challenges are associated with this kind of lattice, including both in beam dynamics and in accelerator engineering, that require R&D on new techniques. In this paper we discuss the main issues and achievements for Sirius during the last year.

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MOPRO049

A Low Emittance Lattice Design for the Canadian Light Source

sextupole, quadrupole, dipole, emittance

194

L.O. Dallin, W.A. Wurtz
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

The CLS presently has a 12 cell DBA lattice with a circumference of 170.88 m. By using conventional magnet designs an emittance of 18 nm-rad is achieved. Twelve 5 m straights are available for injection, an RF cavity and insertion devices. An emittance of 1 nm-rad (at 2.9 GeV) can be achieved replacing each DBAs with multi-bend achromats (MBAs) while preserving the 12-fold symmetry although with a reduction of the length of the straights. To achieve the strong focussing required for low emittance very strong field gradients are required in the dipoles as well as the quadrupole and sextupole magnets. Sufficient dynamic aperture for off-axis injection and Touschek lifetime may be possible.

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MOPRO053

Study of Upgrade Scenarios for the SOLEIL Storage Ring

emittance, optics, dipole, sextupole

203

R. Nagaoka, P. Brunelle, X.N. Gavaldà, A. Loulergue, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Within the scope of a future major upgrade of the SOLEIL storage ring, presently having the energy of 2.75 GeV, the circumference of 354 m and the horizontal emittance of 3.7 nm.rad, towards a Diffraction Limited Storage Ring (DLSR), the present paper presents and discusses the outcomes of a series of studies launched to explore different possible scenarios for the magnet lattice arrangement, under the constraint of making the upgrade in the same existing machine tunnel. Two scenarios were presented earlier in this context, which both preserved all the existing free straight sections for insertions, though the bending magnet positions were not strictly conserved. The purpose of the extended studies is to explore, in particular, the range of horizontal emittance that can be reached by hypothetically removing some of the existing geometric constraints, such as suppressing or shortening partially the straight sections. The emittance range is equally studied by fulfilling rigorously all constraints. The dependence of the nonlinear properties of the magnet lattice on the linear optics is simultaneously investigated.

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MOPRO055

ESRF Upgrade Phase II Status

vacuum, storage-ring, emittance, sextupole

209

J.-L. Revol, P. Berkvens, J.C. Biasci, J-F. B. Bouteille, N. Carmignani, J. Chavanne, F. Ewald, L. Farvacque, L. Goirand, M. Hahn, L. Hardy, J. Jacob, J.M. Koch, G. Le Bec, S.M. Liuzzo, T. Marchial, D. Martin, B. Nash, T.P. Perron, E. Plouviez, P. Raimondi, K.B. Scheidt, V. Serrière, R. Versteegen
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ESRF is close to the end of the first phase (2009-2015) of its Upgrade Programme and has defined the objectives for the ensuing second phase. It envisions a major upgrade of the source to best serve the new science opportunities. The ESRF Council endorsed the proposal to perform the technical design study of a new 7-bend achromat lattice. This configuration will allow the storage ring to operate with a decrease in horizontal emittance by a factor of about 30 and a consequent increase in brilliance and coherence of the photon beam. This paper reports on the status of the accelerator project, highlighting the progress in the technical design.

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MOPRO064

An Ultra-low Emittance Model for the ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Source Including Non-linear Effects

emittance, sextupole, quadrupole, synchrotron

228

A.I. Papash, A.-S. Müller
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov, S.V. Sinyatkin, K. Zolotarev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

An ultra-low emittance lattice based on the ANKA ring geometry is under investigation in framework of the feasibility studies for a compact low emittance synchrotron light source at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). An attempt to apply the concept of split bending magnets cells and to reduce the natural emittance of the bare ANKA DBA lattice from 90 nm×rad down to 2.5 nm×rad with not-vanishing dynamic aperture is described in this paper. The TME cell with split bends and a quadrupole lens in-between as well as a pair of non-interleaved sextupole lenses separated by “I ” unit transfer matrix of betatron oscillations allows to decrease the theoretical minimum emittance of ANKA ring down to approximately 6 nm×rad. Further reduction of the phase space volume requires to brake “I ” symmetry and add extra families of sextupoles, locate an additional high order field elements inside the quadrupoles, optimize the phase advance between sextupole families, shift the betatron tune point, enlarge the sextupole strength and other measures. Results of simulations are reported.

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MOPRO072

Lattice Design History of the Iranian Light Source Facility Storage Ring

storage-ring, synchrotron, dipole, radiation

249

H. Ghasem
IPM, Tehran, Iran
E. Ahmadi, F. Saeidi
ILSF, Tehran, Iran

Several lattice alternatives have been designed for the 3 GeV storage ring of Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF). Design of the ILSF storage ring emphasizes an ultra low electron beam emittance, great brightness, stability and reliability which make it competitive in the operation years. In this paper, we give a brief review of the main designed lattice candidates for the ILSF storage ring.

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MOPRO074

Super Bright Lattice for the Iranian Light Source Facility Storage Ring

dipole, emittance, storage-ring, radiation

255

H. Ghasem
IPM, Tehran, Iran
E. Ahmadi
ILSF, Tehran, Iran

To have a competitive leading position in the future and to obtain ultra low beam emittance, save energy and minimizing operation cost, we have designed lattice based on the 5 low field dipole magnets per cell for the storage ring of Iranian light Source Facility (ILSF). The designed lattice has the capability of both soft and hard x-ray radiation from central dipoles. In this paper, we give specifications of lattice linear and nonlinear optimization and review properties of the radiated x-ray.

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MOPRO075

Evolution of Elettra towards an Ultimate Light Source

emittance, dipole, quadrupole, photon

258

E. Karantzoulis
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

Considerations of possible lattices aiming to transform Elettra into an Ultimate Light Source (ULS), the best solution found and some considerations regarding the accelerator components are presented and discussed

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MOPRO077

Betatron Coupling Numerical Study at Elettra

coupling, emittance, betatron, quadrupole

264

S. Di Mitri, E. Karantzoulis
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

Elettra lacks skew quadrupoles and the coupling is controlled via the vertical orbit. Elettra has typical operational coupling of 1%, values as low as 0.3% were reached but however not easily established and reproducible. In order to control the coupling in a reproducible manner skew quadrupoles must be installed. Simulations of the betatron coupling and correction for the Elettra synchrotron light source were performed and are here presented. The numerical study is based on measured machine misalignments and carried out with the ELEGANT particle tracking code. The inclusion of families of skew quadrupoles in the existing lattice is investigated and shown to be conclusive for the coupling correction at the level of 0.1%.

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MOPRO079

Design of Ultra-low Emittance Ring with Multi-bend Lattice on a Torus-knot

emittance, quadrupole, sextupole, insertion

271

A. Miyamoto, S. Sasaki
HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

We proposed a torus knot type synchrotron radiation ring in that the beam orbit does not close in one turn but closes after multiple turns around the ring. Currently, we are designing a new ring based on the shape of a (11, 3) torus knot for our future plan ‘HiSOR-II.’ This ring is mid-low energy light source ring with a beam energy of 700 MeV. Recently some light source rings are achieving very low emittance that reaches a diffraction limited light by adopting a multi-bend scheme to the arc section of the ring. It is not difficult for low-mid energy VUV-SX light source ring because the electron beam less than 10 nmrad can provide the diffraction limited light in the energy less than 10eV. However the multi-bend lattice has many families of the magnets, therefore it is not easy to decide the parameters of the lattice. Especially, it is difficult for the torus knot type SR ring because there is a lot of geometric limitation around the cross points of orbits. We present the details of the designing procedure and the specifications of the ultra-low emittance light source ring having innovatively odd shape.

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MOPRO089

Towards a Low Alpha Lattice for the ALBA Storage Ring

quadrupole, sextupole, storage-ring, operation

298

M. Carlà, G. Benedetti, Z. Martí, F. Pérez
CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

Funding: CELLS-ALBA
A proposal of a low alpha lattice for the ALBA third generation light source is presented. Opposed to most of other machines, belonging to the same category, ALBA employs an optimized lattice making use of combined function dipoles. This has permitted a very compact design stripped out of all not strictly necessary quadrupoles resulting in a lack of flexibility. For such a reason the common approaches used in many other synchrotrons can not be directly applied to ALBA and a different strategy has to worked out.

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MOPRO094

TPS Commissioning Exercise Performed on the TLS

injection, storage-ring, quadrupole, emittance

307

F.H. Tseng, H.-P. Chang, M.-S. Chiu, S.J. Huang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) commissioning exercise by using the high-level accelerator physics application programs (HL-APAP) has been performed on the operational 1.5 GeV Taiwan Light Source (TLS) storage ring. It includes steering the injection beam in the first turn to achieve multi-turns and stored beam with the help of the RESOLVE analysis. The orbit correction programs using different algorithms such as SVD, Householder transformation, and local bumps were applied to reduce the closed orbit distortion of the stored beam and to adjust the beam orbit to pass through those field centers of quadrupoles indicated by the corresponding BPMs. The golden orbit defined by the measured data of BPMs corresponding to each quadrupole field center was based on the Beam Based Alignment (BBA). After approach the stored beam orbit to the golden orbit, we save all the BPMs data as the target orbit for machine operation. The lattice calibration is then performed by the LOCO. The detail of the commissioning exercise is described in this report.

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MOPRO095

Application Program for Automatically Getting the First Turn and Closed Orbit in TPS Commissioning

closed-orbit, storage-ring, booster, quadrupole

310

M.-S. Chiu, H.-P. Chang, P.J. Chou, F.H. Tseng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a 3 GeV third generation electron synchrotron light source, consist of 5 major modules: LINAC, LTB transfer line, booster ring, BTS transfer line and storage ring. Its beam commissioning is scheduled in 2014. Getting the first turn and approaching the closed orbit is a crucial step for achieving stored beam in ring-based accelerator commissioning. In order to make first turn beam commissioning efficient, we develop a MATLAB-based application program based on AT and MML for automatic beam steering and closed orbit search. The algorithm and simulation results are presented.

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MOPRO100

Engineering Integration Constraints on the Beam Physics Optimisation of the DDBA Lattice for Diamond

sextupole, dipole, quadrupole, vacuum

322

R. Bartolini, M. Apollonio, C.P. Bailey, M.P. Cox, N.P. Hammond, R. Holdsworth, J. Kay, I.P.S. Martin, V.V. Smaluk, R.P. Walker
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
T. Pulampong
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The design and optimisation of the new DDBA lattice for Diamond has been performed taking fully into account, from the early stages, the geometry and the engineering integration constraints. In this paper we review the evolution of the DDBA cell, the rationale for its modification and the optimisation strategy used.

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MOPRO102

Engineering Solutions for the Diamond Double Double Bend Achromat Project

vacuum, dipole, synchrotron, multipole

328

J. Kay, M.P. Cox, A.G. Day, N.P. Hammond, R. Holdsworth, H.C. Huang, P.J. Vivian
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The project to install a Double Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) providing an additional Insertion Device (ID) source for a new beamline at the Diamond Light Source is proceeding. This DDBA cell employs many of the technologies required for Diffraction Limited Storage Rings (DLSRs) and this paper describes the vacuum vessel, magnet and girder solutions in manufacture for the DDBA.

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MOPRO103

The Double-double Bend Achromat (DDBA) Lattice Modification for the Diamond Storage Ring

vacuum, dipole, quadrupole, sextupole

331

R.P. Walker, M. Apollonio, C.P. Bailey, R. Bartolini, M.P. Cox, R.T. Fielder, N.P. Hammond, M.T. Heron, J. Kay, I.P.S. Martin, S.P. Mhaskar, G. Rehm, E.C.M. Rial, B. Singh, V.V. Smaluk, A. Thomson
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini, T. Pulampong
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The concept of converting individual cells of the Diamond Double Bend Achromat (DBA) lattice into a modified 4-bend achromat with a new straight section for insertion devices (IDs) in the middle of the arc, grew out of earlier studies of low emittance MBA lattices*, and was motivated by the need for additional ID straight sections, since all of the 22 ID straight sections in the Diamond storage ring are either occupied or have been allocated to future beamlines. Such a modification effectively replaces each DBA cell with two new DBA cells, hence the term Double-DBA or DDBA has come to be used for the project. Since the tangent point for bending magnet beamlines lies close to the start of the second dipole in the original DBA, this allows unused exit ports and spaces on the experimental hall which are available for future bending magnet beamlines to be used for higher performance ID beamlines. In this report we present an overview of the status of the project, the various accelerator physics and engineering studies that have been carried out, and plans for the implementation of one or two DDBA cells in Diamond.
* R. Bartolini, IPAC'13, p. 237

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MOPRO104

Low-Energy Intrabeam Scattering Measurements at the Spear3 Storage Ring

emittance, storage-ring, damping, radiation

334

K. Tian, W.J. Corbett, X. Huang, J.A. Safranek
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Intrabeam scattering (IBS) can cause emittance growth in diffraction limited light sources. At lower beam energy, the IBS effect is expected to be more pronounced. To study these effects we have developed a series of low energy lattices in SPEAR3 with beam energy ranging from 3GeV to 700MeV. The horizontal beam size and bunch length are measured as a function of beam energy and compared with theoretic calculations.

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MOPRO108

Lattice and Start-to-end Simulation of the Mainz Energy Recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA

linac, experiment, simulation, optics

346

R.G. Heine, K. Aulenbacher, F. Schlander, D. Simon
IKP, Mainz, Germany

Funding: work supported by the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research under the Cluster of Excellence "PRISMA"
The institute for nuclear physics (IKPH) at Mainz University is designing a multi turn energy recovery linac for particle physics experiments *. We present the current status of the lattice development of MESA together with a PARMELA start to end simulation.
* R. Heine, K. Aulenbacher, and R. Eichhorn: MESA-Sketch of an Energy Recovery LINAC for Nuclear Physics Experiments at Mainz, Proc. of the IPAC2012, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, p. 1993-1995.

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MOPME007

Multi-objective Optimization of the Linear and Non-linear Beam Dynamics of Synchrotron SOLEIL

storage-ring, multipole, vacuum, betatron

388

X.N. Gavaldà, A. Díaz Ortiz, L.S. Nadolski
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

One of the most important challenges for the actual and new third generation of synchrotron light sources is to optimize the linear and the non-linear beam dynamics of these strong focusing lattices. The optimization of a storage ring lattice is a multi-objective problem that involves a high number of constraints in a multi-dimensional parameter space. In this paper we used Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and the tracking code ELEGANT to optimize the linear and non-linear beam dynamics of the SOLEIL synchrotron light source. The objectives of our optimization are the dynamical aperture and the momentum aperture which are strongly correlated to the injection efficiency and the Touschek lifetime, respectively. This paper will discuss the deployment of this computational approach using the SOLEIL computer cluster. The first results will also be presented and we will discuss possible improvements.

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MOPME011

Matrix Integration of ODEs for Spin-orbit Dynamics Simulation

simulation, operation, quadrupole, resonance

400

A.N. Ivanov, Y. Senichev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

MODE (Matrix integration of Ordinary Differential Equations) is a software package that provides nonlinear matrix maps building for spin-orbit beam dynamics simulation. In this article we briefly describe the developed integrated development environment features and present computational comparison with other simulation tools. MODE mathematical model is based on Newton-Lorentz and T-BMT equations that are expanded to Taylor series up to the necessary order of nonlinearity. The numerical algorithm is based on matrix presentation of Lie propagator. Spin-orbit simulation results of MODE are compared with results of COSY Infinity and OptiM. MODE provides a flexible graphic user interface, code auto complete technology and visual designer for accelerators. There is also a possibility to generate codes in different programming languages and parallelization techniques.

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MOPME012

A New Tool for Automated Orbit and Spin Motion Analysis

experiment, software, storage-ring, simulation

403

D. Zyuzin
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

There are a lot of tools to simulate beam dynamics in accelerators of various types. Many of them are intended to use for specific purposes, and there are universal codes that can simulate both orbit and spin motion in magnetic and electrostatic structures. To start using these codes beam physicist first should have learn syntax, know features and methods how to describe lattice and beams in this particular code. Output data structures of different simulation programs are also vary and depend on peculiarities of each program. This paper proposes a new tool for automated generation and execution of input files for simulation programs and for data analysis of output data. The developed tool allows to describe a lattice, calculate different lattice parameters (like tunes) using simulation program, track particles inside the lattice and analyze various parameters of output data (like beam depolarization). Simulations and analysis can be done in parallel using built-in parallelization mechanisms, and all results can be stored in the database and can be easily fetched when needed. The tool is used to simulate beam and spin dynamics in different lattices to increase spin coherence time.

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MOPME037

The Development of Stochastic Processes in COSY Infinity

scattering, simulation, emittance, controls

457

J.D. Kunz
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
M. Berz, K. Makino
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy.
COSY Infinity is an arbitrary-order beam dynamics simulation code. It can determine high-order transfer maps of combinations of particle optical elements. New features are being developed for inclusion in COSY to follow the distribution of particles through matter. To study in detail the properties of muons passing through material, the transfer map approach alone is not sufficient. The interplay of beam optics and atomic processes must be studied by a hybrid transfer map–Monte-Carlo approach in which transfer map methods describe the average behavior of the particles including energy loss, and Monte-Carlo methods are used to provide small corrections to the predictions of the transfer map accounting for the stochastic nature of scattering and straggling of particles. The advantage of the new approach is that the vast majority of the dynamics is represented by fast application of the high-order transfer map of an entire element and accumulated stochastic effects. The gains in speed will aid the optimization of muon cooling channels. Progress on the development of the required algorithms is reported.

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MOPME040

MadFLUKA Beam Line 3D Builder. Simulation of Beam Loss Propagation in Accelerators

optics, dipole, shielding, database

463

M. Santana-Leitner, Y. Nosochkov, T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76-SFO0515
Beam tracking programs provide information of orbits along the nominal trajectory to design beam-line optics. Other aspects like machine or radiation protection, which inspect the transverse dimensions and volumes, are simulated with radiation transport Monte Carlo codes, some of which also include magnetic tracking capabilities. Evaluation of certain aspects, like beam loss shower induced propagation along a beam line, or beam mis-steering phase-space, would require to combine features of both types of codes, or use the latter ones with full accelerator 3D implementations, often too cumbersome and time consuming. This paper presents MadFLUKA, a program that produces FLUKA compatible geometries from MAD files. Objects selected from a user user-configurable database are auto-replicated with the rules of ‘twiss’ and ‘survey’ files to create beam lines with hundreds of components. FLUKA magnetic subroutine is generated from MAD optics, including history randomization of fields for ray-trace analysis of mis-steering failures. MadFLUKA is used in the design of the LCLS-II, at SLAC.

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MOPME049

Design Considerations of the Final Turnaround Regions for the CLIC Drive Beam

emittance, extraction, kicker, dipole

485

R. Apsimon, J. Esberg, A. Latina, D. Schulte, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The optics design of the final turnaround regions for the CLIC drive beam is presented. This includes the extraction region, the turnaround loop and the phase feed forward chicane for correcting errors on the bunch phase. The design specifications of the kicker and septum magnets are provided. Tracking simulations and detailed studies of coherent and incoherent synchrotron radiation have been used to optimise the optics in the turnaround region in order to minimise transverse and longitudinal emittance growth.

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MOPME083

Fast Kicker Systems for ALS-U

kicker, impedance, injection, storage-ring

564

G.C. Pappas, S. De Santis, J.E. Galvin, L.R. Reginato, C. Steier, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
Fast kicker systems are required for the proposed upgrade of ALS to a diffraction-limited light source (ALS-U). The main approach is to have multiple stripline kicker magnets driven by inductive adders. The design details of the kicker structures and the inductive adder options will be discussed.

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MOPME084

Proposal for a Soft X-ray Diffraction Limited Upgrade of the ALS

emittance, insertion, insertion-device, injection

567

C. Steier, A. Anders, D. Arbelaez, K.M. Baptiste, W. Barry, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, R.W. Falcone, J.-Y. Jung, S.D. Kevan, S. Kwiatkowski, T.H. Luo, A. Madur, H. Nishimura, J.R. Osborn, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, H. Tarawneh, W.L. Waldron, W. Wan
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley Lab has been updated many times and remains as one of the brightest sources for soft x-rays worldwide. However, recent developments in technology, accelerator physics and simulation techniques open the door to much larger future brightness improvements. Similar to proposals at several other 3rd generation sources, this could be achieved by reducing the horizontal emittance with a new ring based on a multi-bend achromat lattice, reusing the existing tunnel, as well as much of the infrastructure and beamlines. After studying candidate lattice designs, development efforts in the last year have concentrated on technology and physics challenges in four main areas: Injection, Vacuum Systems, Magnets and Insertion Devices, as well as main and harmonic RF systems.

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MOPRI076

Simulation of Dynamics in Ultra-compact Isochronous Medium Energy Racetrack FFAGs

cyclotron, focusing, dynamic-aperture, acceleration

780

R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C. Johnstone
PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications".
The FFAG (Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient) accelerator is a class of accelerators that comprises the best features of the cyclotron and the synchrotron, combining fixed magnetic fields with strong focusing gradients for optimal stable, low-loss operation. Here, a new type of medium-energy 1-GeV isochronous (CW) FFAG has been developed in a racetrack layout that supports two opposing synchrotron-like straights, permitting both high-gradient RF modules and efficient injection and extraction in a highly compact footprint. In this paper we present beam dynamic simulations for this compact racetrack FFAG, and compare the differences between an equivalent circular and a racetrack configuration. A comparison of the FFAG dynamics with the 800-MeV (Daeδalus) cyclotron is briefly presented.

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TUZB01

Prospects for the use of Permanent Magnets in Future Accelerator Facilities

permanent-magnet, undulator, radiation, dipole

968

J. Chavanne, G. Le Bec
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Permanent magnet based accelerator magnets may offer a viable alternative to their conventional electromagnetic pairs for many applications, especially where strong gradients and low power consumption is needed. As an example, the development of future light sources based on ultimate storage ring needs to be done in an important energy saving context aiming at a significant reduction of operational costs. After more than two decades of continuous developments in the field of permanent insertion devices, a knowledge capital on different issues such as aging effects has been gained. This technology seems ready to jump into the design and construction of advanced accelerator magnets. This talk reviews the status of the permanent magnet technology and the perspectives for its implementations in standard lattice magnets, highlighting both the advantages and the challenges as compared to electromagnetic magnets.

Slides TUZB01 [9.341 MB]

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TUPRO008

Specification of Field Quality of the Interaction Region Magnets of the High Luminosity LHC Based on Dynamic Aperture

injection, quadrupole, optics, dipole

1013

Y. Nosochkov, Y. Cai, M.-H. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, E. McIntosh
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404, and by the US LARP through US Department of Energy.
The high luminosity LHC upgrade (HL-LHC) requires new magnets in the low-beta interaction regions with a larger aperture than in the existing LHC. These include the Nb3Sn superconducting (SC) inner triplet quadrupoles, Nb-Ti SC separation dipoles D1 and D2, and SC matching quadrupoles Q4 and Q5. The large aperture is necessary for accommodating the increased beam size caused by significantly higher beta functions in these magnets in the collision optics. The high beta functions also enhance the effects of field errors in these magnets leading to a smaller dynamic aperture (DA). It is, therefore, critical to determine the field quality specifications for these magnets which 1) satisfy an acceptable DA, and 2) are realistically achievable. The estimates of expected field quality obtained from magnetic field calculations and measurements were used as a starting point. Then, based on the DA study, the field errors were optimized in order to reach an acceptable DA. The DA calculations were performed using SixTrack. Details of the optimization process and summary of the field quality specifications for collision and injection energies are presented.

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TUPRO024

Benchmarking Studies of Intra Beam Scattering for HL-LHC

optics, luminosity, injection, scattering

1064

D. Angal-Kalinin
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Wolski
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A. Wolski
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by EU FP7 HiLumi LHC - Grant Agreement 284404
The effects of Intra Beam Scattering (IBS) in the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will be stronger compared to effects in the present LHC because of the high intensity of the proton bunches and the new proposed optics. We present benchmarking studies carried out for the present LHC at injection and collision energies as well as HL-LHC at collision energy with the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing optics. The results of IBS growth-rate calculations using the full Bjorken-Mtingwa formulae* are compared with simplified formulae**, Bane’s high energy approximation***, and the completely integrated modified Piwinski approximation****. The results of calculations based on these methods carried out in Mathematica are compared with results from the codes MAD-X and ZAP.
* J. Broken and S. Mtingwa, Part. Accel. 13, 115 (1983)
** K. Kubo et al, PRST-AB, 8, 081001 (2005)
*** K. Bane, EPAC2002
**** S. Mtingwa and A. Tollestrup, Fermilab-Pub-89/224, 1987.

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TUPRO025

Initial Estimate of Fringe Field Effects in HL-LHC using Frequency Map Analysis

quadrupole, multipole, luminosity, closed-orbit

1067

S. Jones, D. Newton, A. Wolski
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
S. Jones, D. Newton, A. Wolski
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
The planned High Luminosity upgrade to the LHC will require stronger focusing of the beam in the interaction regions. To achieve this, the inner triplet quadrupoles will be replaced with new magnets having larger gradient and aperture. In this new focusing regime the quadrupole fringe fields are expected to have a greater effect on the beam dynamics, due to their large aperture, as compared to the nominal LHC. In this preliminary study, simplified models are used in a tracking code to assess the impact of the fringe fields on the dynamics using frequency map analysis.

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TUPRO051

Emittance Increase and Matching along the Tomography Module at PITZ

emittance, focusing, quadrupole, electron

1144

G. Kourkafas, P. Boonpornprasert, J.D. Good, M. Groß, I.I. Isaev, D.K. Kalantaryan, M. Khojoyan, M. Krasilnikov, D. Malyutin, B. Marchetti, D. Melkumyan, M. Otevřel, T. Rublack, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
G. Asova
INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria
G. Pathak
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany

The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), focuses on testing, characterizing and optimizing high brightness electron sources for free electron lasers. PITZ is equipped with a number of transverse emittance measurement stations, among which is the Phase Space Tomography (PST) module. A PST measurement requires a specific transport along the tomography lattice, which ideally rotates the beam in the normalized transverse phase space by 180 degrees in equidistant steps. A preceding matching section is used to provide an injection scheme that delivers the necessary beam parameters for the design transport along the tomography lattice. The high charge density and moderate energy of the electron bunch at PITZ contribute to significant space-charge forces which lead to emittance growth and consequent mismatches of the design parameters. This article presents and evaluates measurements of the emittance increase along the matching section of a 1 nC beam at 22 MeV/c under different focusing schemes.

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TUPRO057

Solenoid Siberian Snake Without Compensation of Betatron Oscillation Coupling in Nuclotron@JINR

solenoid, betatron, coupling, focusing

1162

Y. Filatov, V.A. Mikhaylov
JINR, Dubna, Russia
A.V. Butenko, A.D. Kovalenko
JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

The influence of solenoids on spin is very efficient, but beam focusing is determined mainly by structural quadru-poles. The condition of stable orbital motion of particles does not require compensation of the betatron oscillation coupling. To reduce the influence of the Snake on orbital motion it is desirable to exclude compensating quads completely. The design of solenoid Siberian snake for the Nuclotron lattice is presented. The orbital functions of the lattice were calculated and the results are discussed.

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TUPRO058

Lattice Correction Modeling for Fermilab IOTA Ring

closed-orbit, optics, dipole, insertion

1165

A.L. Romanov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
G.T. Kafka, S. Nagaitsev, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The construction of the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is underway at Fermilab. Among the main goals of the facility are the proof-of-principle experiments on nonlinear integrable optics and optical stochastic cooling. Both require outstanding quality of the linear lattice and closed orbit. Software was developed to thoroughly test the proposed lattice configurations for error correction performance. The presented analysis is based on a statistical approach on a number of error seeds, such as various alignment, calibration and field errors.

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TUPRO063

Upgrade of Slicing and Tracking in MAD-X

quadrupole, dipole, optics, sextupole

1180

H. Burkhardt, L. Deniau, A. Latina
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We describe the extension of the functionality of the slicing module and its applications in MAD-X. We can now select thick or thin slicing for individual quadrupoles or groups of quadrupoles and implemented tracking of thick quadrupoles and dipoles in MAD-X. Complex dipole magnets with fringe fields can now automatically be translated to simple bends with extra dipedges.

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TUPRO070

LHeC IR Optics Design Integrated into the HL-LHC Lattice

quadrupole, electron, proton, luminosity

1198

E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: OPAC fellowship funded by European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485
The LHeC is a proposed upgrade to the LHC to provide electron-proton collisions and explore the new regime of energy and intensity for lepton-nucleon scattering. The work presented here investigates optics and layout solutions allowing simultaneous nucleon-nucleon and lepton-nucleon collisions at separate interaction points compatible with the proposed HL-LHC lattice. A first lattice design has been proposed that collides proton beam 2 with the electron beam. The nominal design calls for a β^* (beta function in the interaction point ) of 10 cm using an extended version of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme, and a L* (distance to the inner triplet) of 10 m. Modifying these two parameters, β^* and L*, can provide benefits to the current design since the values of these parameters have direct effects on the luminosity, the natural chromaticity and the synchrotron radiation of the electron beam. This work aims to explore the range over which these parameters can be varied in order to achieve the desired goal.

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TUPRO072

Lattice and Component Design for the Front End Test Stand MEBT at RAL

quadrupole, rfq, simulation, emittance

1205

M. Aslaninejad, J.K. Pozimski, P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
M.A. Clarke-Gayther, A.P. Letchford, D.C. Plostinar
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.R. Lawrie
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) linear accelerator at Rutherford Appleton laboratory (RAL) will accelerate a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps H⁻ beam to 3MeV. The aim of FETS is to demonstrate perfect chopping using a novel 2 stage (fast / slow) chopper scheme. The beam chopper and associated beam dumps are located in the MEBT. Achieving a low emittance-growth under the influence of strong, non-linear space-charge forces in a lattice which has to accommodate the long chopping elements is challenging. The baseline FETS MEBT design is 4.3 m long and contains 7 quadrupoles, 3 rebunching cavities, a fast and slow chopper deflector and two beam dumps. In particle dynamics simulations using a distribution from an RFQ simulation as input, beam loss for the un-chopped beam is below 1% while the chopping efficiency is >99 % in both choppers. The final MEBT lattice chosen for FETS will be presented together with particle tracking results and design details of the beam line components.

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TUPRO082

Shape Optimization for the ESRF II Magnets

multipole, quadrupole, magnet-design, software

1232

G. Le Bec, J. Chavanne, P. N'gotta
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Magnets are a keystone of the ESRF upgrade programme. The specifications of the magnets of the ESRF II lattice are stringent: high gradients, extended Good Field Region (GFR) and vertical gaps large enough for the X-ray beam ports. The magnet design approach is presented here. Shape optimization of the magnet poles is systematically used. The magnet design is treated as an ill-posed, non linear, constrained problem. Iterative algorithms have been developed; the algorithms converge in less than 10 iterations, leading to very short computation time. This design method has been applied to high gradient quadrupole magnets. The shape optimization leads to original pole profiles.

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TUPRO104

Design of the Beam Transfer Line Magnets for HIE-ISOLDE

dipole, quadrupole, linac, operation

1289

J. Bauche, A.V. Aloev
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This paper describes the design of the beam transfer line magnets of the HIE-ISOLDE facility. The technical solutions selected to face the challenges associated with the machine requirements are presented, and the final design parameters and field quality are reported.

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TUPRO111

Summary of Field Quality of TPS Lattice Magnets

multipole, quadrupole, sextupole, dipole

1310

J.C. Jan, C.-H. Chang, Y.L. Chu, T.Y. Chung, C.-S. Hwang, C.Y. Kuo, F.-Y. Lin, Y.T. Yu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A modern 3-GeV synchrotron radiation light source is under construction in NSRRC, named Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). Great quality of magnets is required to control the electron-beam in the required orbit in the storage ring (SR) and the booster ring (BR) of TPS. The mechanical and magnet field performance of these magnets were fully inspected in NSRRC. The standard deviation of the integral field strength of 48 SR-dipole magnets is better than 0.1%. The integral multipoles and offsets of the magnetic center of the 240 SR quadrupole and 168 SR sextupole magnets conform to strict specifications. The field characteristics of the BR combined-function dipole magnet were analyzed with an average of processing raw data. The standard deviation of the field strength of 54 BR dipole-magnets is better than 0.2%. The field quality of 36 BR pure quadrupole and 48 BR combined-function quadrupole magnets are accepted to meet the requirement of the booster ring. The field strength and multipole errors of 24 BR sextupole magnets were also examined. The detailed magnetic performance and technical issues of lattice magnets are discussed in this report.

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TUPME005

CLIC FFS Lattice Proposals Combining Local and Non-local Chromaticity Corrections

sextupole, collider, linear-collider, interaction-region

1343

O.R. Blanco-García, P. Bambade
LAL, Orsay, France
R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The requirements on the Final Focusing System (FFS) for a new linear collider has lead to lattice designs where chromaticity is corrected either locally or non-locally. Here, alternative proposals of lattice design are presented for the current CLIC 500GeV beam parameters, combining the local chromaticity correction on the vertical plane and non-local correction on the horizontal. The tight tolerance on phase advances and beta functions imposed to obtain -I transformation required to cancel the chromatic terms is relaxed by enlarging the system length and using a more general transformation definition, aiming to obtain better results in tuning simulations.

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TUPME020

Complete Six-dimensional Muon Cooling Channel for a Muon Collider

emittance, collider, focusing, solenoid

1389

D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We describe a complete 6D rectilinear cooling scheme for use in a Muon Collider. This scheme uses separate 6D cooling channels for the two signs of particle charge. In each, a channel first reduces the emittance of a train of 21 muon bunches until it becomes possible to merge them into a single bunch, one of each sign. The single bunches are then sent through a second rectilinear channel for further cooling towards the requirements of a Muon Collider. We adopt this approach for a new cooling lattice design for the Muon Collider, and for the first time present a end-to-end simulation. We review key parameters such as the required focusing fields, absorber lengths, cavity frequencies and rf gradients.
*D. Stratakis et al., Phys. Rev. ST AB 16, 091001 (2013).

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TUPME021

Theoretical Framework to Predict Efficiency of Ionization Cooling Lattices

emittance, focusing, collider, betatron

1392

D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Reduction of the 6-dimensional phase-space of a muon beam by 6 orders of magnitude is a key requirement for a Muon Collider. Recently, a 12-stage rectilinear ionization cooling channel has been proposed to achieve that goal. In this paper, we establish the mathematical framework to predict and evaluate the cooling performance of the proposed channel. We predict the system effectiveness, by deriving key lattice parameters such as the lattice quality factor which describes the rate of cooling versus the surviving particles and the longitudinal and effective partition numbers for each stage. Main theoretical findings, such as the equilibrium emittances and effective cooling length, are compared against findings from numerical simulations.

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TUPME024

A hybrid six-dimensional muon cooling channel with gas filled cavities

emittance, vacuum, cavity, simulation

1401

D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Obtaining the desired micron-scale emittances for a Muon Collider requires transporting the muon beam through long sections of a beam channel containing rf cavities, absorbers, and focusing solenoids. Here we discuss possible implementation of high-pressure gas-filled RF cavities in a 6D ionization cooling channel and some technical issues associated with it. The key idea of our scheme is a hybrid approach that uses high-pressure gas to avoid cavity breakdown, along with discrete LiH absorbers to provide the majority of the energy loss. We show that the channel performs as well as the original vacuum rf channel while potentially avoiding degradation in rf gradient associated with the strong magnetic field in the cooling channel.

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TUPRI006

Decay Ring Design Updates for nuSTORM

injection, target, dipole, betatron

1565

A. Liu, A.D. Bross, D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The nuSTORM FODO decay ring is designed to achieve both a large phase space acceptance of 2 mm and a large momentum acceptance of 3.8±10\% GeV/c. The goal is challenging, not only because the high dispersion needed at the Beam Combination Section (BCS) of the ring enlarges the beam size, but also because of the nonlinear beam dynamics. In this paper the preliminary design of the nuSTORM ring is presented, which includes the requirements, the ring parameters, and also the tracking results in the MADX PTC\_TRACKING module.

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TUPRI013

Dynamic Aperture Studies of the nuSTORM FFAG Ring

dynamic-aperture, closed-orbit, factory, detector

1574

R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications".
FFAG rings with a racetrack configuration are very promising as their flexible design allow for dedicated spaces for injection/extraction, RF cavities etc. A racetrack FFAG is considered as an option for the nuSTORM facility, which aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a ring with long sections pointing towards detectors. In this paper we discuss the definition of dynamic aperture in these machines and use the PyZgoubi framework to compute the many turn motion in the nuSTORM ring. The roles of machine imperfections and symmetry are discussed.

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TUPRI025

Interplay of Touschek Scattering, Intrabeam Scattering, and RF Cavities in Ultralow-emittance Storage Rings

emittance, storage-ring, scattering, coupling

1612

S.C. Leemann
MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden

When it goes into operation in 2016, the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring will be the first ultralow-emittance storage ring based on a multibend achromat lattice. These lattices make use of a large number of weak bending magnets which considerably reduces the amount of power radiated in the dipoles in comparison to power radiated from insertion devices. Therefore parameters such as emittance, energy spread, and radiated power are no longer constant during a typical user shift. Since the charge per bunch is usually high, intrabeam scattering (IBS) becomes very strong creating a dependence of emittance on stored current. Since the bunch length can vary as insertion device gaps change, the emittance blow-up from IBS is not constant either. Therefore, the emittance, bunch length, and hence the resulting Touschek lifetime have to be calculated in a self-consistent fashion taking into account the bare lattice, RF cavity settings, bunch charge, and gap settings. This paper demonstrates the intricate interplay between transverse emittance (insertion devices, emittance coupling), longitudinal emittance (tuning of main cavities as well as harmonic Landau cavities), and choice of stored current.

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TUPRI026

MAX IV Emittance Reduction and Brightness Improvement

optics, emittance, storage-ring, brightness

1615

S.C. Leemann, M. Eriksson
MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden

With MAX IV construction well underway and storage ring commissioning expected to commence in July 2015, first studies have been launched to improve the optics of the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring with the goal of further reducing the emittance from the baseline design (328 pm rad) towards 150 pm rad while improving the matching of the electron beam to insertion devices to further improve the resulting photon brightness. We report on progress in the development of this new optics taking into account the strong impact from intrabeam scattering and insertion devices on the resulting equilibrium emittance. We present initial results and sketch a path towards a first MAX IV upgrade.

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TUPRI029

The CERN PS Booster Space Charge Simulations with a Realistic Model for Alignment and Field Errors

simulation, resonance, space-charge, alignment

1624

V. Forte, E. Benedetto, M. McAteer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN PS Booster is one of the machines of the LHC injector chain which will be upgraded within the LIU (LHC Injectors upgrade) project. The injection energy of the PSB will be increased to 160MeV in order to mitigate direct space charge effects, considered to be the main performance limitation, thus allowing to double the brightness for the LHC beams. In order to better predict the gain to be expected, space charge simulations are being carried out. Efforts to establish a realistic modeling of field and alignment errors aim at extending the basic model of the machine towards a more realistic one. Simulations of beam dynamics with strong direct space charge and realistic errors are presented and analysed in this paper.

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TUPRI040

New BBA Algorithm for Electron Beam Orbit Steering in Linear Accelerators

quadrupole, simulation, undulator, alignment

1650

A. Sargsyan, V. Sahakyan, G.S. Zanyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
W. Decking
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In linear accelerators or transfer lines beam-based alignment (BBA) techniques are important tools for beam orbit steering. In this paper BBA correction algorithm based on difference orbit multiple measurements is proposed. Numerical simulation results for European XFEL SASE1 and FLASH undulator section are presented, according to which the orbit alignment can be achieved within accuracy of about 2 microns and 5 microns respectively. The influence of quadrupole gradient errors is also discussed.

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TUPRI116

Engineering Data Management for the ILC Site Specific Design Phase

site, positron, linear-collider, collider

1839

B. List, L. Hagge, J. Kreutzkamp, N.J. Walker
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In August 2013, the Japanese ILC Site Evaluation Committee has recommended the Kitakami area in northern Japan as the technically preferred site for the International Linear Collider (ILC) in Japan. With this decision, the ILC planning has moved into a new stage where the Technical Design Report baseline design has to be adapted to the specific site, and refined in preparation for a possible construction project. Engineering data management provides the methods and supporting tools to create and maintain the design data throughout the entire life of the ILC project. The Management and integration of engineering data from the design teams around the globe that contribute to the ILC requires a carefully structured body of documentation, clearly defined processes including configuration control, and efficient vision sharing through 3D modelling.

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WEPRO009

A New Booster Synchrotron for the Sirius Project

booster, injection, emittance, sextupole

1959

L. Liu, X.R. Resende, A.R.D. Rodrigues, F. H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

The design for the Sirius full energy booster has been modified after the decision to change the storage ring lattice from TBA to 5BA in July 2012. In the new design the booster is concentric with the storage ring and shares the same tunnel. The achieved emittance of 3.7 nm.rad at 3 GeV for this large booster (496.8 m circumference) is better matched to the 5BA storage ring emittance of 0.28 nm.rad. Good nonlinear behaviour and efficient closed orbit correction in the presence of realistic errors are shown. Injection and extraction schemes and eddy current effects during ramping are also discussed.

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WEPRO013

Design Modifications and Installation of the Injection Girder System in the Taiwan Photon Source

injection, septum, kicker, photon

1968

K.H. Hsu, J.-R. Chen, Y.L. Chu, H.C. Ho, D.-G. Huang, W.Y. Lai, C.J. Lin, Y.-H. Liu, H.M. Luo, S.Y. Perng, P.L. Sung, T.C. Tseng, H.S. Wang, M.H. Wu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
J.-R. Chen
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The prototype of TPS injection girder system was designed and installed in a temporary factory. As the leakage field of the kicker magnet in the prototype was found to be too large according to both simulation and measurement to be acceptable, the lattice was altered to fit the requirements. In this paper, we present the design modifications of the injection girder system due to the new lattice. The DC septum magnet is replaced by a pre-AC septum magnet, of which its adjustable stage must be redesigned. The positions of vacuum components in the injection girder are also altered; we add some new holes in the prototype girder. The prototype of an injection girder system after modification has been installed in the tunnel of Taiwan Photon Source. The accuracy of position of three girders installed, and the stages for the septum or kicker magnet are within 0.25 and 0.08 mm, respectively.

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WEPRO042

Damping Wiggler with Tapered Period

wiggler, emittance, damping, radiation

2038

K. Karyukina
BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Strong-field short-period wigglers installed in electron storage ring increase the radiation damping integral I2 and either increase or decrease the I5 integral responsible for quantum excitation. In case of the I5 integral decreasing, the beam emittance can be substantially reduced. In the paper we discuss additional reduction of I5 by applying of the longitudinal modulation of the wiggler period (tapering).

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WEPRO100

NORMA - The Normal-Conducting, Scaling Racetrack FFAG

extraction, injection, proton, dynamic-aperture

2198

R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications".
We present a design for a 30~-~350~MeV scaling racetrack FFAG accelerator for medical application - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) - which utilises normal-conducting magnets. NORMA consists of 12 FDF triplet cells with a maximum drift length of ∼ 2~m; an additional drift space inserted into two places forms a racetrack lattice with enough space for injection/extraction. Optimisation routines in PyZgoubi are used to find optimum cell parameters and working point.

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WEPRO117

The Accumulator of the ESSnuSB for Neutrino Production

linac, injection, proton, target

2245

E.H.M. Wildner, J. Jonnerby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, H.O. Schönauer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Bouquerel, M. Dracos, N. Vassilopoulos
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
T.J.C. Ekelöf, R.J.M.Y. Ruber
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
M. Eshraqi, M. Lindroos, D.P. McGinnis
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research centre based on the world’s most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, using 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at 28 Hz to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. The high current in the horns of the target system for the neutrino production requires proton pulses far shorter than the linac pulse. Therefore an accumulator ring is required after the linac to produce the shorter pulses. Charge exchange injection of an H⁻ beam from the linac would be used. The Linac would deliver 1.1 10¹⁵ protons per pulse. Due to space charge limits, several rings or one ring re-filled several times during the neutrino cycle are necessary. A cost effective design of an accumulator that can handle this large number of ions will be shown, taking into account the structure of the linac pulse and the requirements of the target system. Beam dynamics issues, the injection system, the extraction and the distribution on the targets are addressed.

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WEPME026

Layout of the Vacuum System for a New ESRF Storage Ring

vacuum, storage-ring, radiation, insertion

2314

M. Hahn, J.C. Biasci, H.P. Marques
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The proposed 7-bend achromat lattice for the new 6 GeV electron storage ring of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility imposes a change of the entire vacuum system. Small bore magnets will require low conductance vacuum chambers. Conventional vacuum pumps will have to be assisted by distributed pumping provided by Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) coating. The time constraints for design, prototyping, pre-assembly, installation and commissioning of the new systems require simple solutions and the use of existing expertise where possible. In this paper the draft layout of the vacuum system will be explained, information about the expected dynamic pressure distribution and conditioning will be given. Some technical solutions to resolve specific issues arising from the small vacuum chamber dimensions and the dense arrangement of components are described.

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WEPME058

Development of Thin Films for Superconducting RF Cavities

SRF, superconductivity, scattering, power-supply

2406

S. Wilde, B. Chesca
Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
A.N. Hannah, D.O. Malyshev, O.B. Malyshev, S.M. Pattalwar, R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G.B.G. Stenning
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Superconducting coatings for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities is an intensively developing field that should ultimately lead to acceleration gradients better than those obtained by bulk Nb RF cavities. ASTeC has built and developed experimental systems for superconducting thin-film deposition, surface analysis and measurement of Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR). Nb thin-films were deposited by magnetron sputtering in DC or pulsed DC mode (100 to 350 kHz with 50% duty cycle) with powers ranging from 100 to 600 W at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800 °C on Si (100) substrates. The first results gave RRR in the range from 2 to 22 with a critical temperature Tc=~9.5 K. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) and DC SQUID magnetometry revealed significant correlations between the film structure, morphology and superconducting properties.

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WEPRI097

STATUS OF 11 T 2-IN-1 Nb3Sn DIPOLE DEVELOPMENT FOR LHC

dipole, status, luminosity, magnet-design

2722

A.V. Zlobin, N. Andreev, G. Apollinari, E.Z. Barzi, R. Bossert, M. Buehler, G. Chlachidze, J. DiMarco, A. Nobrega, I. Novitski, D. Turrioni, G. Velev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
B. Auchmann, M. Karppinen, L. Rossi, D. Smekens
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy and European Commission under FP7 project HiLumi LHC, GA no.284404
The LHC upgrade plans foresee installation of additional collimators in the LHC lattice. To provide the necessary longitudinal space for these collimators, shorter and stronger Nb3Sn dipoles compatible with the LHC lattice and main systems could be used. This paper describes the design and status of the twin-aperture Nb3Sn dipole being developed by FNAL and CERN for the LHC, and reports test results of two collared coils to be used in the first 1 m long twin-aperture dipole model.

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THPRO017

Comparison of the Detection Performance of Three Nonlinear Crystals for the Electro-optic Sampling of a FEL-THz Source

FEL, laser, detector, damping

2891

B. Wu, L. Cao, Q. Fu, P. Tan, Y.Q. Xiong
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

The detector of a FEL-THz source at HUST is now in the physical design stage. The electro-optic (EO) sampling method will be employed for the coherent detection. The performances of three widely used EO crystals will be evaluated and compared numerically in the time domain detection: zinc telluride (ZnTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP). The phase matching properties are analyzed to find the appropriate probe wavelength. The EO detection response is calculated to select the suitable crystal thickness and to discuss the detection ability of each crystal.

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THPRO020

Linac Lattice Optimization for PAL-XFEL Hard X-ray FEL Line

linac, FEL, simulation, emittance

2900

H. Yang, J.H. Han, H.-S. Kang, I.S. Ko
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by MSIP, Korea.
PAL-XFEL is designed to generate 1 – 0.06-nm FEL in hard x-ray FEL line. The linac for hard x-ray generates 10-GeV, 200-pC, and 3-kA electron beam. It consists of accelerating columns, three bunch compressors, an X-band linearizer, and dog-leg line. We conduct ELEGANT simulations to obtain the optimized lattice for hard x-ray line. The candidates of the optimized lattice are obtained by Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) whose objectives are the FEL saturation power and length. These are evaluated with their error tolerances. Error tolerances are obtained by two methods of error simulations. First, the linear interpolation method is conducted in order to determine the machine tolerance. Also, we find out the dominant machine parameters to increase the beam jitter by this method. Second, the error simulations with random errors of machine parameters are conducted to verify the results of the linear interpolation method and calculate beam jittering levels. In this paper, we present the details of the optimized linac lattice for hard x-ray FEL. Also, we present the procedure of the linac lattice optimization.

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THPRO065

De-coherence Study of Betatron Oscillation for the Beam Shape Manipulation

synchrotron, betatron, target, radiation

3026

Y. Shoji
LASTI, Hyogo, Japan

In electron storage ring a temporal perturbation to the beam makes spatial structure in a bunch, which emit short X-ray or coherent THz radiation. For this technique of bunch shape manipulation, it is important to reduce unwanted de-coherence of betatron motion, which would break the intended spatial structure. At NewSUBARU, 1.5 GeV storage ring, we kicked the beam using a vertical fast kicker and investigated the de-coherence of betetron oscillation using mainly a dual-sweep streak camera. The largest is the Landau damping by a well-known chromatic tune spread, although the phase spread comes back to zero at after a synchrotron oscillation period. On the other hand, there exists several non-linear effects, which makes accumulation of the oscillation phase spread. These are, horizontal betatron amplitude dependent vertical tune shift, synchrotron oscillation amplitude dependent synchrotron tune shift, non-linear chromaticity, synchrotron oscillation chromaticity (non-symmetry of rf bucket), longitudinal radiation excitation process, and others. The tuning knobs we had was some sets of non-linear magnets up to octupole and the rf voltage.

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THPRO073

Longitudinal Acceptance Evaluation from Hamiltonian

cavity, linac, simulation, acceleration

3047

E. Laface
ESS, Lund, Sweden

An RF cavity is designed around a reference particle; if the energy or the phase of a real particle are too far from the reference, the particle is lost. The widest area of energy-phase that allows a particle to be transported by the cavity is called acceptance of the cavity. In simulations the acceptance is evaluated tracking several particles with different energies and phases and marking when a particle is transmitted or lost. This process can be time consuming because of the large amount of tracked particles requested to characterise the cavity acceptance. In this paper we propose an alternative method to evaluate the acceptance studying directly the Hamiltonian associated to the cavity.

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THPRO075

High-chromaticity Optics for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV Storage Ring

optics, storage-ring, sextupole, dynamic-aperture

3053

T. Olsson, S.C. Leemann
MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden

The MAX IV facility currently under construction in Lund, Sweden will include a 1.5 GeV storage ring. To prevent head-tail instability, the negative natural chromaticities of the MAX IV 1.5 GeV storage ring have been corrected to positive values using sextupole gradients in the focusing quadrupoles along with dedicated sextupole magnets. To allow adjustment of the chromaticity correction, weak correction sextupoles have been inserted into the lattice. A high-chromaticity optics has been developed for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV storage ring in case instability issues arise during commissioning. Two chromatic sextupole families were used to correct the linear chromaticity. The tune footprint was then tailored using the remaining two sextupole families with the goal of maximizing dynamic aperture and Touschek lifetime. This paper describes the recently developed high-chromaticity optics for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV storage ring and discusses performance limitations of the optics constrained by available gradient strength in the sextupoles.

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THPRO084

Beam Dynamics Observations of Slow Integer Tune Crossing in EMMA

simulation, acceleration, synchrotron, injection

3082

J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
B.D. Muratori
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

When the betatron tune is an integer in a cyclical accelerator, dipole-field errors can drive the coherent addition of betatron amplitude to the bunch eventually causing particle loss. Transverse integer tune crossing in a linear non-scaling FFAG is inevitable due to finite chromaticity. In EMMA (Electron Machine with Many Applications), as many as 6 integers may be crossed is as little as 6 turns at maximum acceleration over the 10 – 20 MeV energy range. This fast integer tune crossing, of the order 1 integer per turn, was shown to have little effect on the coherent amplitude growth and charge loss rate. Slower acceleration inside an RF bucket in EMMA allowed the experimental exploration of slower integer tune crossing speeds, of the order of a factor ten slower. The effect on the coherent oscillation amplitude was observed and the charge loss at integer tune crossings indicated resonant effects on the bunch. Simulations in Zgoubi allowed a more detailed analysis and the mechanism of slower resonance crossing in a non-scaling FFAG is discussed, including the importance of coupled longitudinal-transverse decoherence on the effective emittance.

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THPRO092

Stochastic Noise Effects in High Current PIC Simulation

emittance, space-charge, simulation, solenoid

3101

I. Hofmann, O. Boine-Frankenheim
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Hofmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The numerical noise inherent to particle-in-cell simulation of 3D high intensity bunched beams is studied with the TRACEWIN code and compared with the analytical model by Struckmeier (1994). The latter assumes the six-dimensional rms emittance or rms entropy growth can be related to Markov type stochastic processes due to temperature anisotropy and the artificial "collisions" caused by using macro-particles and calculating the space charge effect. Our entropy growth confirms the dependency on bunch temperature anisotropy as predicted by Struckmeier. However, we also find noise generation by the non-Liouvillean effect of the Poisson solver grid, which exists in periodic focusing systems even when local temperature anisotropy is absent - contrary to predictions by Struckmeier's model.

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THPRO099

Toward a Virtual Accelerator Control System for the MYRRHA Linac

linac, controls, operation, cryomodule

3122

J.-P. Carneiro
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J.-L. Biarrotte
IPN, Orsay, France
F. Bouly
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
L. Medeiros Romão, R. Salemme, D. Vandeplassche
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
D. Uriot
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The MYRRHA project currently under development at Mol, Belgium, is an Accelerator Driven System expected to be operational in 2023 with the primary purpose to study the feasibility of efficiently transmuting nuclear waste products into isotopes with much shorter lifetimes. The reactor, which is expected to have a thermal power of ~70 MW, may be operated in subcritical mode when fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV superconducting proton linac hitting a Liquid Pb-Bi eutectic (LBE) target with an average current of 4 mA. The challenging aspect of the MYRRHA linac resides in its very high availability (close to 100%) with a Mean Time Between Failure expected to be higher than 250 hours. This paper presents the strategic approach taken during the design of the linac and its foreseen operation to fulfill this stringent requirement. In particular we will describe the concept of a beam dynamics based control system also called Virtual Accelerator which will be mandatory for the operation of such linac.

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THPME033

Particle Tracking Studies for the LINCE SC Linac

cryomodule, solenoid, linac, ion

3295

C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
A. Falone
TTI, Santander, Spain
C. Gómez
IDOM, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
LINCE facility makes use of a low-energy ion linac consisting of quarter-wave resonators designed for β = 0.045, 0.077 and 0.15 (72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz), and shielded solenoid magnets distributed along four different cryomodules. Particle tracking studies have been performed along the linac using realistic electric and magnetic field maps with and without space charge effects to prove a final energy of 8.5 and 45 MeV/u respectively for uranium ions and protons.

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THPME045

Beam Physics Design of the ESS Medium Energy Beam Transport

DTL, linac, rfq, emittance

3326

R. Miyamoto, B. Cheymol, M. Eshraqi
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain

A radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linac (DTL) in the ESS proton linac are connected with a medium energy beam transport (MEBT) to remove low intensity bunches on the head and tail of a macro-pulse with a chopper and house diagnostic devices to characterize and adjust the beam out of the RFQ for the DTL. These must be achieved within a relatively short space and without large degradation of beam quality due to space charge force, imposing a challenge on the lattice design. This paper presents a beam physics design of the MEBT in the ESS proton linac, which satisfies its requirement while preserving a decent beam quality.

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THPME138

Dynamic Comparison With XAL and Tracewin Based on the Injector-I of China ADS Test Stand

cavity, linac, cryomodule, solenoid

3572

Y.L. Zhao, P. Cheng, H. Geng, C. Meng, S. Pei, B. Sun, H.J. Wang, B. Xu, F. Yan
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The injector scheme I (injector-I) of China ADS test stand is a superconducting Linac which accelerates 10mA beam to 3.2MeV, 5MeV, 10MeV, and then transports it to the dump. The dump line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion at the three different energies. The XAL from SNS was selected for the commissioning of China ADS. Because the beam current is so high, the nonlinear space charge force cannot be omitted. As we know, XAL calculates the space charge force with linear resolver. So, whether it could display the beam exactly enough is an important issue to consider. As a preparation for beam commissioning, the virtual accelerator in XAL frame was built and tested. Here in this paper, the envelopes of the 5MeV and 10MeV lattices from general XAL mpx application are shown and compared with the multiparticle tracking code TraceWin.

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THPME155

Beam Phase Space Reconstruction for Monitoring the Luminosity in the VEPP-2000 Collider

electron, luminosity, positron, collider

3623

A.L. Romanov, I. Koop, E. Perevedentsev, D.B. Shwartz
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

16 synchrotron light imaging monitors available in VEPP-2000 can be used for evaluation of dynamic betas and emittances at collision. Tomographic techniques are useful for reconstruction of non-gaussian beam phase space at the IPs at high intensities of colliding bunches. The output is applied for prompt luminosity monitoring.

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THPME181

Progress on Beam Measurement and Control Systems for the ISIS Synchrotron

synchrotron, injection, quadrupole, controls

3700

B. Jones, D.J. Adams, B.G. Pine, H. V. Smith, C.M. Warsop
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK produces intense neutron and muon beams for condensed matter research. Its 50 Hz, 800 MeV proton synchrotron delivers a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to two spallation targets. Recent developments to beam control and measurement systems at ISIS are described. New PXI-based digitising hardware and custom software developed with LabVIEW have increased the capability to study beam behaviour. New, more flexible power supplies for steering and trim quadrupole correction magnets have been commissioned allowing greater control of beam orbits and envelopes. This paper looks at recent linear lattice measurements and attempts to identify the source of lattice errors.

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THPME183

Longitudinal Beam Profile Measurements of the Microbunching Instability

detector, radiation, experiment, synchrotron

3706

W. Shields, A. Finn, P. Karataev
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini, I.P.S. Martin, G. Rehm
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The microbunching instability is a phenomenon characterized by the onset of radiation bursts above a threshold bunch current. These bursts consist of coherent emissions with wavelengths comparable to the bunch length and shorter. The instability has recently been observed at Diamond Light Source, a 3rd generation synchrotron. The operating conditions for triggering the instability at Diamond Light Source are well known, however measuring the spectral content of the resulting emissions is a more challenging investigation. A Michelson interferometer has been installed with the aim of recording the coherent spectrum from the bunches, using ultra-fast response Schottky Barrier Diode detectors. The longitudinal profile of the bunches can be estimated with subsequent analysis.

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THPRI006

Dynamic Aperture Study of SuperKEKB with Beam-beam Effect

dynamic-aperture, sextupole, beam-beam-effects, quadrupole

3773

A. Morita, H. Koiso, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide, H. Sugimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The SuperKEKB is an asymmetric-energy double-ring collider to achieve 40 times higher luminosity than that of the KEKB B-factory. The strong non-linearity of both final focusing and beam-beam force, which are required to achieve such high luminosity, reduce dynamic aperture and limit Touschek beam lifetime. In order to achieve long enough beam lifetime for collision operation, we are studying the dynamic aperture under beam-beam effect. The study results of both dynamic aperture and Touschek beam lifetime are reported in this presentation.

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THPRI007

Lattice Optimization of BEPCII Collider Rings

luminosity, simulation, sextupole, collider

3776

Y. Zhang, Q. Qin, C.H. Yu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

BEPCII is a double ring e⁺e⁻ collider operating in the tau-charm region. In March 2013, the peak luminosity achieves 7.0·10³² cm^-2s^-1 with a new lower alphap lattice. The beam-beam parameter is also increased from 0.033 to 0.04 with the new lattice. In this paper we'll review the lattice optimization history briefly and focus on the optimization of the lower alphap lattice.

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THPRI008

Interaction Region Lattice for FCC-ee (TLEP)

quadrupole, collider, dynamic-aperture, luminosity

3779

A.V. Bogomyagkov, E.B. Levichev, P.A. Piminov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
FCC-ee (TLEP)* project is a high-luminosity e⁺e^- collider and is an essential part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) design study at CERN . FCC-ee is being designed to reach center-of-mass energy from 90 to 350 GeV with circumference of 80-100 km to study Higgs boson properties and perform precise measurements at the electroweak scale. It is also an intermediate step towards 100 TeV proton-proton collider built in the same tunnel. Some of the limiting factors of the new collider are total energy loss due to synchrotron radiation, beam lifetime degradation owing to beamstrahlung, geometry of the tunnel required to accommodate the successor. The present paper describes linear lattice of interaction region and results of nonlinear beam dynamics study.
* M.~Koratzinos et al., ‘‘TLEP: A HIGH-PERFORMANCE CIRCULAR e⁺e⁻ COLLIDER TO STUDY THE HIGGS BOSON'', IPAC2013, Shanghai, China, TUPME040 (2013)

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THPRI010

FCC-ee Final Focus with Chromaticity Correction

dynamic-aperture, optics, sextupole, collider

3782

H. Garcia, R. Tomás, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A 100 km circular electron-positron collider is considered as one of the possible future high energy facilities. In order to achieve a high luminosity, strong beam focusing at the Interaction Point is used requiring the correction of the chromatic aberrations. In this paper we study preliminary designs of a Final Focus System for the TLEP collider with chromatic correction. Beam orbit stability and dynamic aperture calculations are also presented.

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THPRI030

Progress Towards Completion of the MICE Demonstration of Muon Ionization Cooling

emittance, cavity, solenoid, coupling

3831

D.M. Kaplan, P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A.J. Dobbs
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
P. Snopok
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: DOE, NSF, STFC, INFN, CHIPP and several others
The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory aims to demonstrate ~10% ionization cooling of a muon beam, by its interaction with low-Z absorber materials followed by restoration of longitudinal momentum in RF linacs. MICE Step V will provide the flexibility for a thorough exploration and characterization of the performance of ionization cooling. Step V will include four RF cavities to provide 8 MV/m gradient in a strong magnetic field. This entails an RF drive system to deliver 2 MW, 1 ms pulses of 201 MHz frequency at 1 Hz repetition rate, the distribution network to deliver 1 MW to each cavity with correct RF phasing, diagnostics to determine the gradient and the muon transit phase, and development of the large diameter magnets required in order to keep the muons focused through the linacs. Progress towards the completion of Step V is described.

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