Keyword: plasma
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MOPME005 Simulation of the Extraction and Transport of a Beam from the SILHI Source with the Warp Code ion, extraction, simulation, space-charge 385
 
  • A. Chancé, N. Chauvin
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  
  In a low energy beam transfer (LEBT) line, space charge effects are dominant and make the motion of the particles strongly non-linear. So, the beam dynamics is directly dependent on the 6D distribution of the particles after the ion source extraction system. It is thus essential to simulate accurately the source extraction region and the space charge compensation after it to try to reach an agreement between the simulations and the measurements. Generally, the ion source extraction system is simulated with electrostatic codes (often using simple model for space charge) from which the 6D beam distribution is derived. Then, this distribution can be used as an initial condition to simulate the beam transport in the LEBT with a time dependent PIC code that takes into account space charge compensation. We propose here to simulate accurately the SILHI source extraction system with the Warp and AXCEL-INP codes. The SILHI ion source will be quickly presented and some simulations results will be given and discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME005  
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MOPME022 Investigation of the Breakdown and RF Sheath Potential for EAST ICRF Antenna ion, operation, experiment, simulation 424
 
  • H. Yang, S. Dong, L. Shang, K. Tang, C.-F. Wu
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
  
  A new ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antenna was designed with four current straps in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). It is to provide heating, current drive and some physics experiments in EAST. The breakdown and RF sheath potential for the antenna are investigated by a three dimension electromagnetic code in the paper. The plasma is simulated by a slab with high relative permittivity approximating the plasma loading of the antenna. Calculations show that the maximum of electric field is around the end of the coaxial feeds and the strip line and the electric field is strongly dependent on antenna phasing. Especially the maximum of electric field is decreased to 27.5 KV/cm with the (0,π,π,0) phasing between toroidal straps while the value is 32.8 KV/cm with (0,0,π,π) phasing. A challenge in ICRF is the impurity contamination which is related to sheath potential. The topology of the radio frequency (RF) sheath is optimized to reduce the potential for EAST ICRF antenna. The RF potential is mitigated obviously with the broader side limiter by a factor of 2.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME022  
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MOPME023 A High Precision Particle-moving Algorithm for Particle-in-cell Simulation of Plasma electron, simulation, cyclotron, experiment 427
 
  • X.F. Li, D.Z. Chen, D. Li, H.K. Yue
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  
  A new particle-moving algorithm for particle-in-cell simulation of plasma is developed based on the Linear Multistep Method. The conventional and the new algorithms are investigated by numerical experiments, which are conducted in three typical fashions of the electron motions in electromagnetic fields, that is, cyclotron in homogeneous magnetic field, drift in field and motions in inhomogeneous magnetic field. The new algorithm not only improves the accuracy but also relaxes the time step condition for the simulation. It can increase the computation efficiency.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME023  
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MOPME024 Progress of the RF Negative Ion Source Research at HUST ion, ion-source, experiment, extraction 430
 
  • D.Z. Chen, M. Fan, J. Huang, X.F. Li, K.F. Liu, C. Wang, H.K. Yue, C. Zhou
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  • J.C. Huang, D. Li, D.W. Liu, Z. Zhang
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: Ministry of Science and Technology of China
To promote the research and talent cultivation for ITER negative ion sources, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has started to develop an experimental facility since 2011 under the support of Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As the first stage, we are building a radio frequency (RF) driver which will produce the plasma for yielding negative ions in the next stage. A deal of experimental research has been carried out on the setup. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME024  
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MOPME043 Modeling and Simulation of Beam-induced Plasma in Muon Cooling Devices simulation, cavity, electron, ion 466
 
  • K. Yu
    SBU, Stony Brook, USA
  • M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • B.T. Freemire
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • V. Samulyak
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V. Samulyak
    SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA
  
  Understanding of the interaction of muon beams with plasma in muon cooling devices is important for the optimization of the muon cooling process. We have developed numerical algorithms and parallel software for self-consistent simulation of the plasma production and its interaction with particle beams and external fields. Simulations support the experimental program on the hydrogen gas filled RF cavities in the Mucool Test Area (MTA) at Fermilab. Computational algorithms are based on the electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code SPACE combined with a probabilistic, macroparticle-based implementation of atomic physics processes such as the absorption of the incident particles, ionization of the absorber material, and the generation and evolution of secondary particles in dense, neutral gas. In particular, we have proposed a novel algorithm for dealing with repetitive incident beam, enabling simulations of long time scale processes. Benchmarks and simulations of the experiments on gas-filled RF cavities and prediction for future experiments are discussed.
* kwangmin.yu@stonybrook.edu
** rosamu@bnl.gov 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME043  
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MOPME071 Configurations and Applications of Saturable Pulse Transformers in High Power Pulse Modulation high-voltage, coupling, experiment, controls 532
 
  • J. Liu, J. Gao, X.J. Ge, J. He, Y. Zhang
    NUDT, Changsha, People's Republic of China
  
  Saturable pulse transformers (SPTs) based on multiple batches of windings in parallel combination and coaxial cylindrical conductors are presented. The proposed SPT can be employed as the transformer and magnetic switch simultaneously for pulse capacitor or high-voltage pulse modulator of several hundred kV range. The SPT, with important features such as auto-resetting of core, high step-up ratio and low saturation inductance, achieves a compact integration of common transformer and magnetic switch. In the SPT, The physical suppression effect caused by reversed magnetic coupling mechanism among primary and secondary windings can reduce the saturation inductance of the SPT windings to a level lower than their structure inductances, which helps to achieve a magnetic switch with low saturation inductance. The proposed SPTs were applied in a high power pulse modulator based on a helical Blumlein pulse forming line (HBPFL). When the SPT played as a pulse transformer, the HBPFL can be charged to 200 kV. When the SPT played as a main magnetic switch of the HBPFL, it helped to form a quasi-square voltage pulse with amplitude of 180 kV，pulse duration of 130 ns, rise time of 60 ns.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME071  
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MOPRI005 The AWAKE Experimental Facility at CERN electron, proton, laser, experiment 582
 
  • E. Gschwendtner, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, A.C. Butterworth, S. Cipiccia, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, E. Feldbaumer, C. Heßler, W. Höfle, M. Martyanov, M. Meddahi, J.A. Osborne, A. Pardons, A.V. Petrenko, H. Vincke
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  AWAKE, an Advanced Wakefield Experiment is launched at CERN to verify the proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration concept. Proton bunches at 400 GeV/c will be extracted from the CERN SPS and sent along a 750m long proton line to the plasma cell, a Rubidium vapour source, where the proton beam drives wakefields reaching accelerating gradients at the order of gigavolt per meter. A high power laser pulse will co-propagate within the proton bunch creating the plasma by ionizing the (initially) neutral gas. An electron beam will be injected into the plasma cell to probe the accelerating wakefield. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the CNGS facility. First proton beam to the plasma cell is expected by end 2016. The design of the experimental area and the integration of the new beam-lines as well as the experimental equipment will be shown. The needed modifications of the infrastructure in the facility will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI005  
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MOPRI008 A Compact 2.45 GHz Microwave IOn Source Based High Fluence Irradiation Facility at IUAC, Delhi ion, ion-source, extraction, coupling 592
 
  • N. Kumar, R. Ahuja, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, G.O. Rodrigues
    IUAC, New Delhi, India
  
  A compact 2.45 GHz microwave ion source based low energy ion been facility has been developed for performing various experiments in material science and for studies related to plasma physics. The design of the compact microwave source is based on a tunable permanent magnet configuration and is powered by a 2 kW magnetron [1,2]. The double walled, water cooled stainless steel plasma chamber and ridge waveguide have been fabricated using the latest ‘LaserCUSING’ technique. The electron energy distribution functions have been measured in a similar low frequency ion source and validated by model calculations [1]. Extraction of the beam can also be performed at very low voltages in the order of hundreds of volts with high intensities by nullifying the space charge effects with the secondary electrons. The facility will be used for ion implantation, phase formation, surface etching and pattering experiments. The design aspects of the microwave ion source and low energy beam transport system will be presented.
* “Studies on the effect of the axial magnetic field on the x-ray bremsstrahlung in a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet microwave ion source” Narender Kumar et. al. accepted for publication in RSI. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI008  
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MOPRI009 Study on New Method for Generating Highly Charged Ions with Double Pulse Laser Ion Source laser, ion, ion-source, controls 595
 
  • T. Shibuya
    TIT, Tokyo, Japan
  • N. Hayashizaki
    RLNR, Tokyo, Japan
  • M. Yoshida
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Laser ion source capable of generating high intensity ions is best for the ion source of RI beam facilities. A great deal of effort has been made on particle number as DPIS. Only few attempts have so far been made at generating highly charged ions. One of previous research has reported that Au+53 ions are produced by PALS laser. "Nonlinear process" mechanisms such as resonance absorption and self-focusing were used for this. However, these methods have limitation due to low repetition rate of the laser. Nd (λ=1064nm, E<1.2J, t~10ns) and Yb laser(λ=1030nm, E<10J, t~500fs) systems is possible to operate at 10 - 50Hz repetition rate. This double pulse laser system, with attainable laser intensity up to about 1017[W/cm2], was used to generate highly charged ions of solid target. First, the Nd laser creates a plasma plume. Next, the Yb laser reheats plasma plume by high intensity pulse at delay time of nanosecond. The properties of ions were investigated mainly on the base of time-of-flight method.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI009  
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MOPRI011 Control of Plasma Flux with Pulsed Solenoid for Laser Ion Source ion, electron, ion-source, laser 601
 
  • S. Ikeda, K. Horioka
    TIT, Yokohama, Japan
  • Y. Fuwa, S. Ikeda, M. Kumaki
    RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
  • T. Kanesue, M. Okamura
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  We discuss the behavior of laser-ablation plasma spreading through a pulsed solenoidal field to minimize the beam emittance of laser-ablation ion source (LIS). LIS is expected to produce high-flux and low emittance ion beams from various solid materials in vacuum because of the high drift velocity and low temperature of the ablation plasma due to the adiabatic expansion. However, the ion flux level from the ablation plasma into an extraction gap changes within a pulse and then the shape of the sheath boundary changes transiently. Then, the integrated emittance is larger than the stroboscopic emittance at a certain time slice. To prevent the transient effect, we tried to control the plasma flux with a pulsed solenoidal magnetic field. The field is expected to change the direction of the plasma flow like a lens. By changing the magnetic flux density according to the transient flux level of ablation plasma, we can expect to control the plasma flux at the extraction gap. To investigate the controllability of the plasma flow, we measured the plasma flux as a function of parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. We scanned ion probes along the beam.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI011  
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MOPRI012 High Current Low Emittance Proton And Deuteron Beam Production at SMIS 37 emittance, ion, extraction, proton 604
 
  • I. Izotov, S. Golubev, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  
  This work presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 facility at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS). This facility creates and heats up the plasma by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap meeting the ECR condition. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining plasma of significantly higher density (Ne up to 2·1013 cm-3) in comparison to conventional ECRISes or other microwave ion sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce ion beams with low emittance. Latest experiments at SMIS 37 were performed using a single-aperture two-electrode extraction system. Various diameters of plasma electrode apertures i.e. 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, were tested yielding proton and deuteron beams with currents up to 500 mA with RMS emittance lower than 0.2 π·mm·mrad at extraction voltages up to 45 kV. The maximum beam current density was measured to be 800 mA/cm2. A possibility of further improvement through the development of an advanced extraction system is discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI012  
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MOPRI015 Installing the VESPA H− Ion Source Test Stand at RAL ion, ion-source, extraction, vacuum 614
 
  • S.R. Lawrie, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford, M. Perkins, M. Whitehead, T. Wood
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  A Penning-type negative hydrogen (H—) ion source has been used reliably on the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK for almost 30 years. However a detailed study of the ion source plasma and extraction has never been undertaken. If these properties were known, the beam emittance and losses due to collimation could be reduced, and the lifetime increased. This paper summarises the progress made on installing a Vessel for Extraction and Source Plasma Analyses (VESPA) to fill the knowledge gap.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI015  
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MOPRI016 Hydrogen and Cesium Monitor for H− Magnetron Sources cathode, experiment, ion, controls 617
 
  • C.-Y. Tan, D.S. Bollinger, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energ
The relative concentration of cesium to hydrogen in the plasma of a H− magnetron source is an important parameter for reliable operations. If there is too much cesium, the surfaces of the source become contaminated with it and sparking occurs. If there is too little cesium then the plasma cannot be sustained. In order to monitor these two elements, a spectrometer has been built and installed on a test and operating source that looks at the plasma. It is hypothesized that the concentration of each element in the plasma is proportional to the intensity of their spectral lines. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI016  
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MOPRI047 The Preparation of Atomically Clean Metal Surfaces for use as Photocathodes in Normally Conducting RF Guns ion, gun, laser, electron 711
 
  • T.C.Q. Noakes, A.N. Hannah, K.J. Middleman, B.L. Militsyn, R. Valizadeh
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • S. Mistry
    Loughborough University, Leicestershre, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: Research supported by FP7 EuCard2 http://cern.ch/eucard2
This work reports a study of various alternative metal samples as candidate materials for use as photocathodes in normally conducting RF guns. Clean surfaces were prepared using Argon ion bombardment and quantum efficiency measured using a 265 nm UV LED light source with a picoammeter for drain current monitoring. Surface composition was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a Kelvin probe apparatus provided work function measurements. Data was taken both before and after annealing to 200°C, a temperature that is routinely achieved during RF gun vacuum baking. Ion bombardment typically leaves a very rough surface that can have a detrimental effect on beam emittance, so further work will focus on the use of Oxygen plasma cleaning of the best candidate alternative metals. An oxygen plasma treated Copper photocathode has been shown to produce an acceptable level of quantum efficiency in the VELA accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI047  
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MOPRI050 Preliminary Study for an RF Photocathode based Electron Injector for AWAKE Project emittance, laser, electron, focusing 717
 
  • Ö. Mete, G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • G. Burt
    Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  • S. Chattopadhyay
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  AWAKE project, a proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PDPWA) experiment is approved by CERN. The PDPWA scheme consists of a seeding laser, a drive beam to establish the accelerating wakefields within the plasma cell; and a witness beam to be accelerated. The drive beam protons will be provided by the CERN's SPS. The plasma ionisation will be performed by a seeding laser and the drive beam protons to produce the accelerating wakefields. After establishing the wakefields, witness beam, namely, electron beam from a dedicated source should be injected into the plasma cell. The primary goal of this experiment is to demonstrate acceleration of a 5-15 MeV single bunch electron beam up to 1 GeV in a 10 m of plasma. This paper explores the possibility of an RF photocathode as the electron source for this PDPWA scheme based on the existing PHIN photoinjector at CERN. The modifications to the existing design, preliminary beam dynamics simulations in order to provide the required electron beam are presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI050  
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MOPRI069 Computing Angularly-resolved Far Field Emission Spectra in Particle-in-cell Codes using GPUs radiation, simulation, laser, GPU 761
 
  • R.G. Pausch, H. Burau, M.H. Bussmann, J.P. Couperus, A.D. Debus, A. Huebl, A. Irman, A. Köhler, U. Schramm, K. Steiniger, R. Widera
    Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
  • T.E. Cowan
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  
  Angularly resolved far field radiation spectra computed from the Lienard Wiechert Potentials of accelerated electrons give information on the microscopic particle dynamics. We present recent results using our many-GPU, fully relativistic 3D3V particle-in-cell code PIConGPU for which we have developed fully synthetic radiation diagnostics that is capable of computing angularly-resolved radiation spectra of more than 1010 electrons for several hundred to a thousand wavelengths and directions in a single simulation in less than a day on large-scale supercomputers. With such a technique it is possible to use precision spectroscopic methods for understanding the dynamics of electron acceleration in scenarios where other diagnostics fail. We present studies on laser-driven wakefield acceleration and astrophysical jet dynamics to underline the power of this new technique.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI069  
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MOPRI085 IMALION – Creation and Low Energy Transportation of a Milliampere Metal Ion Beam ion, ion-source, ECR, simulation 809
 
  • A. Silze, M. Kreller, G.H. Zschornack
    DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
  • U. Hartung, T. Kopte, T. Weichsel
    Fraunhofer FEP, Dresden, Germany
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Freistaat Sachsen (project no. 100074113 and 100074115).
IMALION – which stands for IMplantation of ALuminum IONs – is a facility originally designed for applications in photovoltaics and other branches in semiconductor industry. The idea was to create and guide a milliampere beam of low charged metal ions so that targets with a width of 20 cm and more can be irradiated homogeneously with minimal differences in intensity and entrance angle of the incoming beam over the entire surface. In this poster, we outline the solutions which had to be found during the realization of the project. This concerns the production of a milliampere metal ion current in a newly designed electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source combined with an internal sputter magnetron device. Stable operation of the sputter magnetron under ECR magnetic mirror conditions has been proven by optical spectroscopy and Langmuir probe measurements. Furthermore, electrostatic and magnetic beamline elements developed for precision guiding of a low energy but high intensity beam as well as high intensity ion beam diagnostics are presented and ion beam transportation simulations are shown. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI085  
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TUZA01 Advanced Concepts and Challenges in Compton Radiation Sources laser, electron, cavity, photon 928
 
  • I. Pogorelsky
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  Ongoing developments in Compton radiation sources are aimed toward a diversity of potential applications, ranging from university-scale compact x-ray light sources and metrology tools for EUV lithography, to positron sources for e−e+ colliders. Novel conceptual approaches are pursued on different routes: One research direction lies in multiplying the source’s repetition rate and increasing its average brightness by placing the point of Compton interaction inside an optical cavity. High-gradient plasma-wakefield accelerators are fast becoming a practical reality, offering a new paradigm to compact all-optical Compton sources operating in x-ray- and gamma-regions. Continuing improvement in the quality of the beam of plasma accelerators promises the achievement of fully coherent Compton x-rays, thereby prompting the evolution of the Compton source to an all-optical free-electron laser.  
slides icon Slides TUZA01 [22.419 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUZA01  
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TUOBB01 Accelerator Physics Challenges towards a Plasma Accelerator with Usable Beam Quality electron, laser, acceleration, wakefield 961
 
  • R.W. Aßmann, J. Grebenyuk
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Enormous progress in compact plasma accelerators has been demonstrated over the recent years in various experiments. These experiments rely on high power, pulsed lasers or short electron bunches to excite ultra-strong wakefields in plasmas. Accelerating gradients have reached several 10 GV/m up to 100 GV/m and the absolute energy gain of electron beams is in the regime of several GeV to 30 GeV. The principle and potential of plasma accelerators has been proven impressively and performance parameters are steadily improving. It is noted that particle accelerators are powerful tools that are ultimately justified by their applications in science, medicine or industry. The demonstration of useable beam quality and a realistic use case remains to be achieved for plasma accelerators. The accelerator physics challenges to arrive at this goal are analyzed and discussed.  
slides icon Slides TUOBB01 [12.407 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUOBB01  
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TUPRO074 Emittance Growth due to Multiple Coulomb Scattering in a Linear Collider based on Plasma Wakefield Acceleration scattering, emittance, acceleration, electron 1211
 
  • Ö. Mete, K. Hanahoe, G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • M. Labiche
    STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • M. Wing
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  
  Alternative acceleration technologies are currently under development for cost-effective, robust, compact and efficient solutions. One such technology is plasma wakefield accel- eration, driven by either a charged particle or laser beam. However, the potential issues must be studied in detail. In this paper, the emittance growth of the witness beam through elastic scattering from gaseous media is derived. The model is compared with the numerical studies.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO074  
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TUPME015 Study Cooling Performance in a Helical Cooling Channel for Muon Colliders emittance, simulation, solenoid, collider 1376
 
  • K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  The cooling performance in a six-dimensional helical muon beam cooling channel (HCC) has been studied in various beam lattice parameters. We show that the HCC works with a practical beam parameter.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME015  
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TUPME031 Radiation Pressure Acceleration and Transport Methods laser, simulation, acceleration, target 1422
 
  • P. Schmidt, O. Boine-Frankenheim
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • O. Boine-Frankenheim, O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Hofmann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • I. Hofmann
    HIJ, Jena, Germany
  • I. Hofmann
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  Funding: HGS-HIRe for FAIR, HIC for FAIR, Technische Universität Darmstadt, FB 18 TEMF
Several projects worldwide such as LIGHT at GSI focus on laser ion acceleration. With the development of new laser systems and advances in the target production a new acceleration mechanism has become of interest: The Radiation Pressure Acceleration (RPA). An ultra short high intense laser pulse hits a very thin foil target and the emerging plasma is ideally accelerated as one piece (light sail regime). The ions reach kinetic energies up to GeV and nearly solid body densities. In this work, the distribution and transport of a RPA plasma is studied. 1D and 2D PIC simulations (software: VSim) are carried out to obtain the phase space distribution of the plasma. The results are compared to fluid models (software: FiPy and USim). A reference model an RPA plasma is obtained which is then used for advanced transport studies. Transport mechanisms (active and passive) are studied, such asμlenses and foil stacks. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME031  
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TUPME046 3-D Particle-in-cell Simulations for Quasi-phase Matched Direct Laser Electron Acceleration in Density-modulated Plasma Waveguides electron, laser, emittance, simulation 1463
 
  • M.W. Lin
    The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
  • I. Jovanovic
    Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency through contract HDTRA1-10-1-0034.
Quasi-phase matched (QPM) direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons can be realized with guided, radially polarized laser pulses in density-modulated plasma waveguides*,**. A 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation model has been developed to study the scheme in which an electron bunch from a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) is injected into a plasma waveguide for the second-stage DLA to higher energies. In addition to being driven directly by the laser field, the electrons also experience the laser pondermotive force and the electrostatic force from the excited plasma waves. The results lead to better understanding of the interactions between the electron bunch, the laser pulse and the background plasma. Selected bunch lengths, bunch sizes and time delays with respect to the laser pulse are assigned for the injected electrons in a series of simulations. The energy spectrum and emittance of the accelerated electron bunch vary depending on those initial conditions, and they can be chosen to optimize the DLA performance.
* P. Serafim, et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 1155 (2000).
** M. -W. Lin and I. Jovanovic, Phys. Plasmas 19, 113104 (2012). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME046  
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TUPME047 SINBAD - A Proposal for a Dedicated Accelerator Research Facility at DESY experiment, electron, laser, linac 1466
 
  • R.W. Aßmann, C. Behrens, R. Brinkmann, U. Dorda, K. Flöttmann, B. Foster, J. Grebenyuk, I. Hartl, M. Hüning, Y.C. Nie, J. Osterhoff, A. Rühl, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • M. Groß, B. Marchetti, F. Stephan
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • F.J. Grüner, B. Hidding, A.R. Maier
    Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
  • F.X. Kärtner, B. Zeitler
    CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
  • A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh
    KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
  
  A new, dedicated accelerator research facility SINBAD (Short INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) is proposed. This facility is aimed at promoting two major goals: (1) Short electron bunches for ultra-fast science. (2) Construction of a plasma accelerator module with useable beam quality. Research and development on these topics is presently ongoing at various places at DESY, as add-on experiments at operational facilities. The two research goals are intimately connected: short bunches and precise femtosecond timing are requirements for developing a plasma accelerator module. The scientific case of a dedicated facility for accelerator research at DESY is discussed. Further options are mentioned, like the use of a 1 GeV beam from Linac2 for FEL studies and the setup of an attosecond radiation source with advanced technology. The presently planned conversion of the DORIS storage ring and its central halls into the SINBAD facility is described. The available space will allow setting up several independent experiments with a cost-effective use of the same infrastructure. National and international contributions and proposals can be envisaged.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME047  
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TUPME048 Injection of a LWFA Electron Bunch in a PWFA Driven by a Self-modulated-proton-bunch wakefield, electron, laser, experiment 1470
 
  • P. Muggli
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  • L.D. Amorim
    IST, Lisboa, Portugal
  • S. Karsch
    MPQ, Garching, Munich, Germany
  • N.C. Lopes, J. Vieira
    Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
  
  The AWAKE experiment recently approved at CERN will study the acceleration of an externally injected electron bunch in a plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) driven by a self-modulated proton bunch. We study the possibility of injecting a bunch created by a laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA). We consider a first plasma source used for self-modulation of the drive bunch and a gas discharge source for acceleration of the collinearly injected bunch. The LWFA produces an electron bunch very short when compared to the PWFA wavelength and with relatively large current, possibly allowing for loading of the wakefields. Short length and high current lead to a small final energy spread. Co-linear injection preserves the incoming bunch quality and insures trapping and acceleration of the whole bunch. The energy of the LWFA electron bunch can easily exceed the trapping energy and can be produced over only a few millimeters gas-jet plasma driven by a laser of relatively modest power by today’s standards. We explore the parameter space suitable for this injection scheme that is more compact, simpler to implement and more suitable for injection in the mm-size accelerator structure.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME048  
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TUPME049 Hosing Suppression in the Self-modulated Wakefield Accelerator wakefield, experiment, flattop, controls 1473
 
  • J. Vieira
    IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
  • W.B. Mori
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • P. Muggli
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  
  Funding: FCT-Portugal contract no EXPL/FIS-PLA/0834/1012; European Research Council contract no ERC-2010-AdG Grant 267841; by DOE contract no DE-SC0008491, DE-SC0008316, and DE-FG02- 92-ER40727.
The proton driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PDPWFA) uses short LHC proton (p+) bunches (shorter than the plasma wavelength) as drivers for strongly non-linear plasma waves. Simulations showed that the PDPWFA could be used to accelerate electrons to 600 GeVs in 600 m long plasmas*. Currently available p+ bunches are much longer than the plasma wavelength, being ideal to excite intese wakefields through the self-modulation instability (SMI). An experiment is being prepared at CERN to demonstrate SMI of p+ bunches. In addition, lepton SMI experiments are also being prepared at SLAC, DESY-PITZ and RAL. The hosing instability (HI) is a competing instability that may lead to beam breakup, and needs to be controlled over the long propagation distances required for SMI growth and saturation. In this work we show that the HI can be suppressed after SMI saturation in the linear wakefield excitation regime. SMI saturation before beam-break up can be achieved by seeding SMI, and as long as the initial bunch centroid displacements are within the initial bunch transverse size. The HI suppression occurs via a plasma analogue of the BNS damping in conventional accelerators.
* A. Caldwell et al, Nat. Physics Nat. Phys. 5, 363 (2009). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME049  
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TUPME050 Electron Bunch Self-modulation in Long Plasmas at SLAC FACET wakefield, experiment, electron, radiation 1476
 
  • P. Muggli
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  • E. Adli, V.K.B. Olsen
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • L.D. Amorim
    IST, Lisboa, Portugal
  • S.J. Gessner, M.J. Hogan, S.Z. Li, M.D. Litos
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • C. Joshi, K.A. Marsh, W.B. Mori, N. Vafaei-Najafabadi
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • N.C. Lopes, J. Vieira
    Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
  • O. Reimann
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  
  Funding: This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
We study the physics of self-modulation instability (SMI) of long, when compared to the wake wavelength, electron and positron bunches in pre-formed plasmas at SLAC-FACET. Self-modulation is the result of the action of focusing/defocusing transverse wakefields on the bunch radius. Self-modulation leads to observables such as overall defocusing of the bunch, periodic modulation of the bunch radius at the wake period and multi-GeV energy gain/loss by drive bunch particles. Defocusing is observed from OTR images, radial self-modulation from CTR spectra and interferometric traces and energy gain/loss from energy spectra with sub-GeV resolution. The plasma density is varied by changing the vapor density ionized by a laser/axicon system. The bunch length, radius and charge can also be varied. The SMI can be seeded using a notch collimator system. Numerical simulations indicate that seeding the SMI mitigates the hose instability. Hose instability can also be seeded, for example by using the RF deflecting cavity to impart a tilt to the incoming bunch axis. The overall experimental plan as well as the latest experimental results obtained with electron bunches will be presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME050  
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TUPME051 Self-Injection by Trapping of Plasma Electrons Oscillating in Rising Density Gradient at Vacuum-Plasma Interface laser, electron, injection, wakefield 1479
 
  • A. A. Sahai, T.C. Katsouleas
    Duke ECE, Durham, North Carolina, USA
  • P. Muggli
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  
  Funding: DE-SC0010012, NSF-PHY-0936278
We model the trapping of plasma electrons within the density structures excited by a propagating energy source in a rising plasma density gradient. Rising density gradient leads to spatially contiguous coupled up-chirped plasmons (d{ω2pe(x)}/{dx}>0). Therefore phase mixing between plasmons can lead to trapping until the plasmon field is high enough such that e- trajectories returning towards a longer wavelength see a trapping potential. Rising plasma density gradients are ubiquitous for confining the plasma within sources at the vacuum-plasma interfaces. Therefore trapping of plasma-e- in a rising ramp is important for acceleration diagnostics and to understand the energy dissipation from the excited plasmon train [1]. Down-ramp in density [2][3] has been used for plasma-e- trapping within the first bucket behind the driver. Here, in rising density gradient the trapping does not occur in the first plasmon bucket but in subsequent plasmon buckets behind the driver. Trapping reduces the Hamiltonian of each bucket where e- are trapped, so it is a wakefield-decay probe. Preliminary computational results for beam and laser-driven wakefield are shown.
1.Sahai, A. A. et.al.,Proc of IPAC2013, MOPAC10, Oct2013
2.Suk, H. et.al.,Phys. Rev.Lett. 86 2001 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1011
3.Dawson, J, Phys Rev 113 1959 10.1103/PhysRev.113.383 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME051  
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TUPME052 Enhanced Laser Ion Acceleration based on Near-Critical Density Plasma Lens laser, target, acceleration, electron 1483
 
  • Y.X. Geng, J.E. Chen, L.R.F. Li, Y.H. Li, Q. Liao, C. Lin, L.H.Y. Lu, Y.R. Lu, H. Wang, X.Q. Yan, Z.X. Yuan, S. Zhao, W.B. Zhao, Y.Y. Zhao, K. Zhu, B.Y. Zou
    PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The laser prepulse has large effect on ion acceleration driven by high power laser pulse. Recently, simulations show that with proper prepulse parameters, a near critical density pre-plasma can be generated in the front target. When the main laser pulse propagating in this pre-plasma, it can experience transverse Self-focusing, longitudinal profile steepening and prepluse cleaning at the same time, meaning its quality is spontaneously improved by this “plasma lens”.The effects can greatly improve the energy coupling efficiency of laser pulse into accelerated ions. A 3mJ Ti-Sapphire laser system has been built at PKU in order to experimentally study the pre-pulse effect on a solid target. Fluid simulation show that, after hundreds of picoseconds radiated with this laser pulse, the pre-plasma in front of the target will expand to near critical density with tens of micron scale length, which is suitable as a plasma lens to improve the ion acceleration. A laser interferometer system is built to measure the scale length and density evolution of plasma and the optimum condition of the pre-plasma has been searched using both Aluminum target and home-made DLC target.
H.Y.Wang et al, Laser shaping of a relativistic intense, short Gaussian pulse by a plasma lens, PRL, 107,265002, 2011
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME052  
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TUPME061 Ultra-High Gradient Beam-Driven Channeling Acceleration in Hollow Crystalline Media acceleration, electron, target, scattering 1512
 
  • Y.-M. Shin, T. Xu
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  • G. Flanagan
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  • E.R. Harms, J. Ruan, V.D. Shiltsev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Since the recent discovery of the Higgs boson particle, there is an increasing demand in Energy Frontier to develop new technology for a TeV/m range of acceleration gradient. The density of charge carriers, ~ 1024 – 1029 m-3, of crystals is significantly higher than that of a plasma gas, and correspondingly in principle wakefield gradients of up to 0.1 - 10 TV/m are possible. Our simulations (VORPAL and CST-PIC) with Fermilab-ASTA* beam parameters showed that micro-bunched beam gains energy up to ~ 70 MeV along the 100 um long channel under the resonant coupling condition of the plasma wavelength, ~ 10 um. Also, with lowering a charge, electron bunches channeling through a high-density plasma medium have higher energy gain in a hollow channel than in a uniformly filled cylinder, which might be attribute to lower scattering ratios of the tunnel structure. The numerical analysis implied that synthetic crystalline plasma media (e.g. carbon nanotubes) have potential to mitigate constraint of bunch charges required for beam-driven acceleration in high density plasma media. The channeling acceleration** will be tested at the ASTA facility, once fully commissioned.
* ASTA: Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator
** [1] T. Tajima and M. Cavenago, PRL 59, 13(1987)
[2] P. Chen and R. Noble, SLAC-PUB-7402(1998)
[3] V.Shiltsev, Physics Uspekhi 55, 965(2012)
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME061  
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TUPME064 Laser-driven Acceleration with External Injection at SINBAD laser, injection, acceleration, simulation 1515
 
  • J. Grebenyuk, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  One of the important milestones to make plasma acceleration a realistic technology for user-applications is demonstration of bunch acceleration inside a plasma wake with minimal degradation of its quality. This can be achieved by external injection of beams into a plasma accelerator. SINBAD is a proposed dedicated accelerator research and development facility at DESY where amongst other topics laser-driven wakefield acceleration with external injection of ultra-short bunches will be exploited. To minimise energy-spread growth the bunch should occupy a small fraction of the plasma wavelength. In addition it has to be longitudinally synchronised with the laser driver to high accuracy. To avoid emittance growth the beam Twiss parameters have to be matched to the intrinsic beta-function of the plasma. To facilitate matching and synchronisation, acceleration at low plasma densities can be advantageous. We present a preparatory feasibility study for future plasma experiments at SINBAD using simulations with the particle-in-cell code OSIRIS. Field-gradient scaling laws are presented together with parameter scans of externally injected bunch, such as its injection phase, charge and length.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME064  
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TUPME069 Proton Electron Accelerator at CERN proton, electron, wakefield, experiment 1519
 
  • R. Tarkeshian
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  
  AWAKE is a proton driven plasma-wakefield acceleration at CERN*, that uses long proton bunches ~ 400 ps from the SPS. In a dense plasma, a long proton bunch is subject toμbunching at plasma period due to the self-modulation instability, SMI**. The self-modulated proton bunch generates large amplitude charge separation through resonant wakefield excitation. Numerical simulations show that when seeded the SMI can grow and saturate over ~4 m in a plasma with density in the (1-10) *1014/cc range. Seeding also allows for deterministic injection of witness bunches in the focusing and accelerating phase of the wakefields. The SPS proton bunch carrying kJ of energy is a unique driver for generation of ~ GeV/m wakefields through 10’s of meters of plasma. The side-injected electrons ~15 MeV can reach GeV energies. The AWAKE experimental layout, the physics of self-modulation, simulation results, plasma source under study, diagnostics plan for bunch modulation measurement using transverse coherent transition radiation***, and phasing of the witness bunch respect to the wave and synchronisation with diagnostics will be presented.****
*A. Caldwel, et. al, Nature Physics 5, 2009
**N. Kumar, A. Pukhov, PRL, 104, 2010
***O. Reimann, R. Tarkeshian, Proc. of IBIC, 2013
**** The work is submitted on behalf of AWAKE collaboration. 		 
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TUPME073 A Novel Laser Ionized Rb Plasma Source for Plasma Wakefield Accelerators laser, wakefield, proton, electron 1522
 
  • E. Öz, F. Batsch, P. Muggli
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  
  Funding: AWAKE collaboration
A proton driven plasma wakefield accelerator* is to be conducted at CERN by the AWAKE collaboration. Externally injected electrons are accelerated in a large gradient (~GeV/m) wakefield. The large gradient is achieved by resonant formation of the wakefield by a train of micro-bunches. Transverse modulation of a long (~12 cm) proton bunch by the self modulation instability** creates these plasma wavelength size (~1 mm) micro-bunches. This resonant mechanism brings a strict requirement on the plasma density uniformity, namely % 0.2, in order for the injected electron bunch to remain in the accelerating and focusing phase of the wakefields. We describe the plasma source*** that satisfies this requirement during the beam plasma interaction. Rb vapor with ~1015 cm-3 density is confined in a 10 m long 4 cm diameter, stainless-steel tube which is heated to ~200 Co by an oil heat exchanger. The access to the source during interaction is provided by custom built fast valves. The vapor is fully tunnel ionized (first e-) by a laser forming a 2 mm diameter plasma channel.
* http://awake.web.cern.ch/awake/
** http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.255003
*** http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.093
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME073  
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TUPME074 First Experiences with the PITZ Plasma Cell for Electron Beam Self-modulation Studies electron, experiment, proton, Windows 1525
 
  • M. Groß, A. Donat, J.D. Good, M. Khojoyan, G. Koss, M. Krasilnikov, R. Schütze, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • R. Brinkmann
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • F.J. Grüner, G. Pathak
    Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
  • P. Muggli, E. Öz
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  • D. Richter
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • C.B. Schroeder
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  The self-modulation of long particle beams in a plasma has recently gained interest in light of the ongoing preparation for the plasma wakefield acceleration experiment of the AWAKE collaboration at CERN. Instrumental to the experiment is the self-modulation of a proton beam to generate bunches short enough for producing high acceleration fields. As electron bunches are easier to handle and the underlying physics is identical, it is judicious to first gain insight into the experimental conditions of the self-modulation of long particle beams in plasma by using electron bunches before progressing to the experiment with proton bunches. The experimental demonstration of self-modulation of an electron bunch is in preparation at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, location Zeuthen (PITZ). In this contribution the fabrication and first experimental tests towards a Lithium plasma cell are highlighted. The distinctive feature of this plasma cell is the addition of side ports for insertion of the ionization laser beam and for diagnostics purposes.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME074  
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TUPME075 Simulations on Laser Wakefield Generation in a Parabolic Magnetic-plasma Channel laser, wakefield, simulation, electron 1528
 
  • D.N. Gupta, M. Singh
    University of Delhi, Delhi, India
  • D. Jang, H. Suk
    APRI-GIST, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
  • B.S. Sharma
    Kota University, Rajasthan, India
  
  To utilize the laser-plasma channel for laser wakefield acceleration, we have studied the non-paraxial theory of nonlinear propagation of ultra-intense relativistic Gaussian laser pulse in a preformed spatially tapered magneto-plasma channel having a parabolic density profile. A three-dimensional envelope equation for the laser field is derived, which includes the non-paraxial and applied magnetic field effects. An analytical expression for the wakefield is derived and analyzed the results with the help of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. It is shown that wakefield structures and the phase of axial component of the wakefield depend on applied external magnetic field. This aspect of theoretical observation can be used in the production of highly collimated mono-energetic x-rays.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME075  
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TUPME076 Numerical modeling of the E-209 self-modulation experiment at SLAC - FACET electron, wakefield, simulation, experiment 1531
 
  • L.D. Amorim, L.O. Silva, J. Vieira
    IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
  • P. Muggli
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  
  The E-209 experiment currently running at SLAC- FACET used a long electron bunch (∼ 5 times the plasma wavelength) to drive plasma wakefields through the self- modulation instability. In this work we present and analyze numerical simulation results performed with the particle-in- cell (PIC) code OSIRIS. The results show that SMI saturates after 5cm of propagation in the plasma and that the maxi- mum acceleration wakefields, 15 − 20GV/m, are sustained over a 1m long plasma. Electron bunch energy loss of 4GeV was observed in the simulations.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME076  
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TUPME077 The Challenge of Interfacing the Primary Beam Lines for the AWAKE Project at CERN proton, electron, laser, injection 1534
 
  • C. Bracco, B. Goddard, E. Gschwendtner, M. Meddahi, A.V. Petrenko
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • P. Muggli
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  • F.M. Velotti
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  
  The Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN foresees the simultaneous operation of a proton, a laser and an electron beam. The first stage of the experiment will consist in proving the self-modulation, in the plasma, of a long proton bunch into micro-bunches. The success of this experiment requires an almost perfect concentricity of the proton and laser beams, over the full length of the plasma cell. The complexity of integrating the laser into the proton beam line and fulfilling the strict requirements in terms of pointing precision of the proton beam at the plasma cell are described. The second stage of the experiment foresees also the injection of electron bunches to probe the accelerating wakefields driven by the proton beam. Studies were performed to evaluate the possibility of injecting the electron beam parallel and with an offset to the proton beam axis. This option would imply that protons and electrons will have to share the last few meters of a common beam line. Issues and possible solutions for this case are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME077  
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TUPME078 Electron Injection Studies for the AWAKE Experiment at CERN electron, proton, wakefield, injection 1537
 
  • A.V. Petrenko, C. Bracco, E. Gschwendtner
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • K.V. Lotov
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • K.V. Lotov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • P. Muggli
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  
  The AWAKE experiment recently approved at CERN will use the self-modulation instability (SMI) of long (12 cm), relativistic (400 GeV/c) proton bunches in dense plasmas to drive wakefields with accelerating gradients at the GV/m level. These accelerating gradients will be probed by externally injected electrons. In order to preserve the plasma uniformity required for the SMI the first experiments will use on-axis injection of a low energy 10-20 MeV electron beam collinearly with the proton beam. In this article we describe the physics of electron injection into the proton driven SMI wakefields. Requirements on the injected electron beam are determined and the final accelerated beam parameters are obtained via numerical simulations.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME078  
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TUPME079 A Spectrometer for Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerated Electrons at AWAKE electron, simulation, proton, wakefield 1540
 
  • S. Jolly, L.C. Deacon, J.A. Goodhand, S.R. Mandry, M. Wing
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  • S.R. Mandry
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  
  The AWAKE experiment is to be constructed at the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso facility (CNGS). This will be the first experiment to demonstrate electron acceleration by use of a proton driven plasma wakefield. The 400 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS will excite a wakefield in a plasma cell several metres in length. To observe the plasma wakefield, electrons of a few MeV will be injected into the wakefield following the head of the proton beam. Simulations indicate that electrons will be accelerated to GeV energies by the plasma wakefield. The AWAKE spectrometer is intended to measure both the peak energy and energy spread of these accelerated electrons. The baseline design makes use of a single dipole magnet to separate the electrons from the proton beam. The dispersed electron beam then impacts on a scintillator screen: the resulting scintillation light is collected and recorded by an intensified CCD camera. The design of the spectrometer is detailed with a focus on the scintillator screen. Results of simulations to optimise the scintillator are presented, including studies of the standard GadOx scintillators commonly used for imaging electrons in plasma wakefield experiments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME079  
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TUPME081 Plasma Wakefield Acceleration at CLARA PARS simulation, wakefield, accelerating-gradient, electron 1544
 
  • K. Hanahoe, O. Mete, G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • D. Angal-Kalinin, J.A. Clarke, J.K. Jones, J.W. McKenzie, B.L. Militsyn, P.H. Williams
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • D. Angal-Kalinin, J.A. Clarke, J.K. Jones, J.W. McKenzie, Y. Wei, C.P. Welsch, P.H. Williams
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • B. Hidding
    USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • J.D.A. Smith
    TXUK, Warrington, United Kingdom
  • Y. Wei, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  PARS is a proposed Plasma Accelerator Research Station using the planned CLARA (Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications) electron linear accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory in the UK. In this paper, two- dimensional particle-in-cell simulations based on realistic CLARA beam parameters are presented. The results show that an accelerating gradient of 2.0 GV/m can be achieved over an accelerating length of at least 13 cm. Preliminary simulation results for a two bunch scheme show an energy gain of 70% over a length of 13 cm, giving an average accelerating gradient of 1.2 GeV/m.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME081  
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WEIB05 Big Science Projects - What is it that makes some a success and others to fail? factory, collider, operation, heavy-ion 4099
 
  • J.H. Yeck
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  This presentation analyses the driving forces behind big science projects (which are very different compared to similarly complex but totally commercial projects). This presentation should be enlightening and a big help for anyone wanting to make business with big science projects.  
slides icon Slides WEIB05 [3.312 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEIB05  
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THOBB03 Novel Device for In-situ Thick Coatings of Long, Small Diameter Accelerator Vacuum Tubes cathode, vacuum, electron, target 2834
 
  • A. Hershcovitch, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, W. Fischer, C.J. Liaw, W. Meng, R.J. Todd
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • A.X. Custer, A.A. Dingus, M.Y. Erickson, N.Z. Jamshidi, R.R. Laping, H.J. Poole
    PVI, Oxnard, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
To alleviate the problems of unacceptable ohmic heating and of electron clouds, a 50 cm long cathode magnetron mole was fabricated and successfully operated to copper coat an assembly containing a full-size stainless steel cold bore RHIC magnet tubing connected to two types of RHIC bellows, to which two additional RHIC tubing pipes were connected. To increase cathode lifetime, movable magnet package was developed, and thickest possible cathode was made, with rather challenging target to substrate distance of less than 1.5 cm. The magnetron is mounted on a carriage with spring loaded wheels that successfully crossed bellows and adjusted for variations in vacuum tube diameter, while keeping the magnetron centered. Electrical power and cooling water are fed through a motorized spool driven umbilical cabling system, which is enclosed in a flexible braided metal sleeve. Optimized process to ensure excellent adhesion was developed. Coating adhesion of 10 μm Cu surpassed all industrial tests; exceeded maximum capability of a 12 kg pull test fixture. Details of experimental setup for coating two types of bellows and a full-scale magnet tube sandwiched between them will be presented. 		 
slides icon Slides THOBB03 [2.033 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THOBB03  
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THPRO064 Effect of Laser-plasma Channeling on Third-harmonic Radiation Generation laser, electron, radiation, focusing 3023
 
  • M. Singh, D.N. Gupta
    University of Delhi, Delhi, India
  
  An intense Gaussian laser beam, propagating through a magnetized plasma, becomes self-focused due to the ponderomotive force on the electrons. The magnetic field reduces the radius of the laser beam and enhances the self focusing of the laser beam. The self-sustained plasma channel can affect the efficiency of harmonic generation of the interacting laser beam. The radial density gradient of the channel beats with the oscillatory electron velocity to produce density perturbation at laser frequency. The ponderomotive force at second-harmonic frequency produces electrons density oscillations that beat with the oscillatory velocity to create a non-linear current, driving the third harmonic radiation. The velocity and density perturbation associated with the self-focused laser beam generates a nonlinear current at triple fold frequency of the fundamental laser. Our results show that the efficiency of third-harmonic generation of the laser beam is affected significantly due to the self-sustained plasma channel. The strength of magnetic field play a crucial role in efficiency enhancement of third-harmonic generation.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRO064  
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THPRO096 Nonlinear Oscillations of a Sheet Electron Beam emittance, electron, simulation, brightness 3113
 
  • H.Y. Barminova
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  In collisionless approximation the nonlinear dynamics of continuous strong current intense electron beam is investigated. Nonlinear oscillations of the beam radius appear due to self-consistent nonlinear forces. To study these oscillations the model is used that automatically satisfy to Vlasov equation. The oscillations are described by means of Duffing equation. The equilibrium state is shown to exist. The solutions near the equilibrium state are analyzed. The asymptotic character of the solutions is found. Nonlinear beam transverse oscillations lead to filamentation and effective emittance growth. If particle energy dissipation is absent in the beam transportation channel the physical reason of the effective emittance growth is transfer of the part of the beam potential energy to kinetic energy of the particle transverse oscillations.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRO096  
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THPME050 SPP Beamline Design and Beam Dynamics ion, ion-source, rfq, solenoid 3338
 
  • G. Turemen, B. Yasatekin
    Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
  • A. Alacakir
    SNRTC, Ankara, Turkey
  • M. Celik, Z. Sali
    Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
  • Ö. Mete
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • G. Unel
    UCI, Irvine, California, USA
  • V. Yildiz
    Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey
  
  The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) of SNRTC Project Prometheus (SPP) will be a demonstration and educational machine which will accelerate protons from 20 keV to 1.5 MeV. The project is funded by Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK) and it will be located at Saraykoy Nuclear Research and Training Center (SNRTC) in Ankara. The SPP beamline consists of a multi-cusp H+ ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line and a four-vane RFQ operating at 352.2 MHz. The design studies for the multi-cusp ion source (RF or DC) were performed with IBSimu and SIMION software packages. The source has already been produced and currently undergoes extensive testing. There is also a preliminary design for the solenoid based LEBT, POISSON and PATH were used in parallel for the preliminary design. Two solenoid magnets are produced following this design. The RFQ design was made using LIDOS. RFQ.Designer and it was crosschecked with a home-grown software package, DEMIRCI. The initial beam dynamics studies have been performed with both LIDOS and TOUTATIS. This paper discusses the design of the SPP beamline focusing on the RFQ beam dynamics.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME050  
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THPME118 A Freon-filled Bubble Chamber for Gamma-ray Detection in Strong Laser-plasma Interaction photon, electron, laser, detector 3512
 
  • W.B. Zhao, J.E. Chen, C. Lin, L.H.Y. Lu, X.Q. Yan, Y.Y. Zhao, B.Y. Zou
    PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  When a laser pulse with focused intensity exceeding 1018W/cm2 interacts with a solid target, electrons in the focal spot are accelerated to relativistic velocity and where they generate inner-shell vacancies and hard x-ray(>10 keV) spectral line and Bremsstrahlung radiation. In laser plasma interactions, the resonance between betatron motion of electrons and ultraintense laser pulses is an interesting phenomenon in both electron acceleration and gamma photon production. Even though the gamma-ray synchrotron is micron scale, the energy ranges from ~1 MeV to ~102MeV. To detect the energy of the gamma-ray accurately is particularly significant. Owing to a lot of various energy of gamma-ray are emitted in femtosecond scale, which are impossible distinguished from each other on the time. A small freon-filled bubble chamber is being built to measure the energy spectrum of high-energy photons. After that, we can calculate the electron’s energy and then offer the data for various of electron acceleration theories. It combines a good spatial resolution with a large depth of field, allowing a large number of tracks. This improves the statistical quality of the photon spectrum.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME118  
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THPRI013 A Beam Driven Plasma-wakefield Linear Collider from Higgs Factory to Multi-TeV acceleration, electron, positron, linear-collider 3791
 
  • J.-P. Delahaye, E. Adli, S.J. Gessner, M.J. Hogan, T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • W. An, C. Joshi, W.B. Mori
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  
  An updated design of a beam-driven Plasma Wake-Field Acceleration Linear Collider (PWFA-LC) covering a wide range of beam collision energy from Higgs factory to multi-TeV is presented. The large effective accelerating field on the order of 1 GV/m and high wall-plug to beam power transfer efficiency of the beam driven plasma technology in a continuous operation mode allows to extend linear colliders to unprecedented beam collision energies up to 10 TeV with reasonable facility extension and power consumption. An attractive scheme of an ILC energy upgrade using the PWFA technology in a pulsed mode is discussed. The major critical issues and the R&D to address their feasibility in dedicated test facilities like FACET and FACET2 are outlined, especially the beam quality preservation during acceleration and the positron acceleration. Finally, a tentative scenario of a series of staged facilities with increasing complexity starting with short term application at low energy is developed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI013  
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THPRI064 Plasma Chemistry in a High Pressure Gas Filled RF Test Cell for use in a Muon Cooling Channel ion, electron, experiment, cavity 3917
 
  • B.T. Freemire, Y. Torun
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • M. Chung, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, Y. Torun, K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  
  Filling an RF cavity with a high pressure gas prevents breakdown when the cavity is placed in a multi-Tesla external magnetic field. A beam of particles traversing the cavity, be it muons or protons, ionizes the gas, creating an electron-ion plasma which absorbs energy from the cavity. In order to understand the nature of this plasma loading, a variety of gas species, gas pressures, dopants, and cavity electric fields were investigated. Plasma induced energy loss, electron-ion recombination rates, ion-ion recombination rates, and electron attachment times were measured. The results for hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and nitrogen, doped with dry air will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI064  
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THPRI065 Effects of Beam Loading and Higher-order Modes in RF Cavities for Muon Ionization Cooling cavity, beam-loading, space-charge, higher-order-mode 3921
 
  • M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • B.T. Freemire
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • F. Marhauser
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  
  Envisioned muon ionization cooling channel is based on vaccum and/or gas-filled RF cavities of frequencies of 325 and 650 MHz. In particular, to meet the luminosity requirement for a muon collider, the muon beam intensity should be on the order of 1012 muons per bunch. In this high beam intensity, transient beam loading can significantly reduce the accelerating gradients and deteriorate the beam quality. We estimate this beam loading effect using an equivalent circuit model. For gas-filled cavity case, the beam loading is compared with plasma loading. We also investigate the excitation of higher-order modes and their effects on the performance of the cavity.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI065  
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THPRI079 RF BREAKDOWN IN A GAS-FILLED TE01 CAVITY cavity, klystron, electron, simulation 3952
 
  • F.Y. Wang, C. Adolphsen, C.D. Nantista
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  An L-band (1.3 GHz) TE01 mode pillbox cavity has been designed to study rf breakdown in gas. Since there are no surface electric fields, effects from the electron interaction with the surface should not be present as in the DC breakdown case. A CCD camera was used to measure the integrated light pattern through holes in the cavity, and an ultrafast diode was used to observed the evolution of the plasma during breakdown. Some preliminary results of the tests are presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI079  
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THPRI113 Spallation Neutron Source Cryogenic Test Facility Horizontal Test Apparatus Operation cavity, cryogenics, operation, SRF 4043
 
  • B. DeGraff, B.S. Hannah, T.S. Neustadt, J. Saunders
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • R. Afanador, M. Doleans, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, C.J. McMahan
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has built Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) processing and testing facilities to support improvement programs and future upgrades. The Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF) system is capable of delivering liquid helium at 4.5K to different test apparatus in support of SRF testing. This paper describes the final stages of fabrication, commissioning and the initial operation of the Horizontal Test Apparatus (HTA). The HTA allows for cold testing of single jacketed medium-beta or high-beta SRF cavities. Heat loads, capacities, and other performance data collected during operation will be presented. Cavity testing lifecycle for plasma processing research and development will be discussed. System changes to allow for 2K helium operation in the HTA will also be addressed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI113  
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FRXAA01 Beam Dynamics Studies with Non-neutral Plasma Traps ion, experiment, resonance, focusing 4052
 
  • H. Okamoto, K. Fukushima, H. Higaki, K. Ito, K. Moriya, T. Okano, K. Osaki
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  
  Both Paul ion traps and Penning traps have been employed at Hiroshima University to explore fundamental aspects of space-charge dominated beam dynamics. These compact accelerator-free experiments are based on an isomorphism between non-neutral plasmas in a trap and charged-particle beams traveling in a periodic focusing channel. This talk highlights the recent experimental results on coherent betatron resonances in various strong-focusing lattices, resonance crossing in non-scaling FFAG accelerators, ultra-low emittance beam stability, and halo formation.  
slides icon Slides FRXAA01 [5.557 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-FRXAA01  
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FRYBA01 Long-term Accelerator R&D as an Independent Research Field laser, electron, SRF, acceleration 4073
 
  • R. Brinkmann
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  High energy physics projects have been important drivers of accelerator R&D for several decades. The resulting accelerator technology was used to construct frontier accelerators for HEP but was also very successfully applied in accelerators for other science fields, in particular photon science, nuclear physics, medical applications, … Fewer HEP projects and at the same time a growing number of projects in other areas require a modified approach to accelerator R&D. Efforts and progress to perform accelerator R&D as an independent research program with its own, independent funding are described for the example of the Helmholtz ARD program in Germany. Links to efforts in other countries are discussed and an outlook to future accelerator research is given.  
slides icon Slides FRYBA01 [3.581 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-FRYBA01  
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