Keyword: neutron
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MOPRO114 Particle Tracking Simulations with FLUKA for DESY FLASH and EXFEL radiation, electron, simulation, photon 363
 
  • V.G. Khachatryan, V.H. Petrosyan, A. Sargsyan, A.V. Tsakanian
    CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
  
  The objective of the study is the simulation of the produced secondary radiation properties when the electron beam halo particles hit collimator walls. Using particle tracking simulation code FLUKA the European XFEL electron beam interaction with the titanium collimator and copper absorber of the undulator intersections as well as FLASH beam interaction with the tapered collimator were simulated. Absorbed dose spatial distribution in the material of the collimators was simulated for the total secondary radiation and its important photon and neutron components. Residual dose rate after irritation of the collimator material by the electron beam was calculated.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO114  
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MOPME045 Overview on the Design of the Machine Protection System for ESS target, status, proton, beam-losses 472
 
  • A. Nordt
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Scope of the Machine Protection System (MPS) for the European Spallation Source (ESS) is to protect equipment located in the accelerator, target station, neutron instruments and conventional facilities, from damage induced by beam losses or malfunctioning equipment. The MPS design function is to inhibit beam production within a few microseconds for the fastest failures at a safety integrity level of SIL2 according to the IEC61508 standard. These requirements result from a hazard and risk analysis being performed for the all systems at ESS. In a next step the architecture and topology of the distributed machine interlock system has been developed and will be presented. At the same time as MPS seeks to protect equipment it must protect the beam by avoiding triggering false stops of beam production, leading to unnecessary downtime of the ESS facility.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME045  
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MOPRI065 The Development of a Low Energy Neutron Accelerator for Rebunching Pulsed Neutrons experiment, impedance, controls, focusing 751
 
  • S. Imajo
    Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  • Y. Arimoto
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
  • M. Kitaguchi
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
  • Y. Seki
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • H.M. Shimizu
    Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
  • S. Yamashita
    ICEPP, Tokyo, Japan
  • T. Yoshioka
    Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  
  Low energy neutrons can be accelerated or decelerated by the technique of AFP-NMR with RF in a gradient magnetic fields. The neutrons have magnetic moments, hence their potential energy are not cancelled before and after passage of magnetic fields and their kinetic energy change finally when their spins are flipped in the fields. Nowadays most measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) are carried out with ultra cold neutrons (UCN), whose kinetic energies are lower than about 300 neV, and with a small storage bottle to reduce the systematic errors. In such experiments highly dense UCNs are desired. The spallation neutron sources generate high-density neutrons at the target, however, the pulsed neutrons with spread velocities are diffused in guide tubes during long beam transport. It is necessary to concentrate UCN temporally upon the bottle by controlling their velocities for nEDM experiments at those facilities. We demonstrated such rebuncher and have been developed the advanced apparatus which makes it possible to handle broader energy range UCN. The design, measured specification of the new rebuncher is described in detail.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI065  
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MOPRI066 External Neutron Source for Research Reactor Based on Linear Accelerator and Beryllium Target target, electron, radiation, experiment 754
 
  • V.P. Struev, A.A. Bogdanov, A.G. Golovkina, Yu.V. Kiselev, I.V. Kudinovich, A.I. Laikin, S.M. Rubanov
    KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich
    St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  Nuclear research reactor “U-3” of Krylov State Research Center was operated as an experimental tool to study a radiation shield of small nuclear power plants, radiation resistance of its equipment including control system elements. Reactor thermal output power is 50 kW. Currently reactor modernization is being carried out, in the framework of which neutron lighting system that consists of a linear electron accelerator “UEL-10D” (10 MeV) and a beryllium target is implemented. At the present time the neutron yield from the target experiments are going on, some obtained experimental results are presented. Optimal target sizes with a view to neutron yield were defined.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI066  
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MOPRI079 Status of SPES Facility for Acceleration of High Intensity Protons and Production of Exotic Beams cyclotron, target, proton, ISOL 791
 
  • M.M. Maggiore, A. Andrighetto, M. Calderolla, J. Esposito, P. Favaron, A. Lombardi, M. Manzolaro, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, L. Sarchiapone, D. Zafiropoulos
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  Since 2010 the SPES project has entered in the construction phase at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) in Italy. The new high power cyclotron is being assembled and tested by BEST Theratronics company in Canada and the installation at LNL site is scheduled for fall 2014. Such machine is able to deliver two simultaneous proton beams in the energy range of 35-70 MeV and 250-500 uA of current and the facility has been designed in order to operate at the same time two different experimental areas. The three main uses of the high power beams are: production of radioactive beams by ISOL technique, production of radioisotopes for research purpose and high intensity neutron beams generation. The configuration of the facility and the further capabilities as multipurpose experimental laboratory will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI079  
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MOPRI116 Beam Flattening System based on Non-linear Optics for High Power Spallation Neutron Target at J-PARC octupole, target, optics, proton 896
 
  • S.I. Meigo, A. Akutsu, K.I. Ikezaki, M. Ooi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • H. Fujimori
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  
  In the Japanese Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS) of J-PARC, a mercury is utilized as a target material. Since a serious pitting erosion was found at the target vessel at SNS in ORNL and JSNS, a reduction of a peak current density is required. In order to decrease the peak, we have developed the beam optics based on a non linear using an octupole magnets. In a design calculation, it is found that the peak current density of 30 % can be reduced by introducing the octupole magnets. A status of the design and the experimental results will be reported.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI116  
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TUPRO028 Energy Deposition Studies for the Hi-Lumi LHC Inner Triplet Magnets luminosity, quadrupole, radiation, dipole 1078
 
  • N.V. Mokhov, I.L. Rakhno, S.I. Striganov, I.S. Tropin
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, A. Lechner
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the US LARP Program, and by the High Luminosity LHC project.
After operation at the nominal luminosity, the LHC is planned to be upgraded to a 5-fold increased luminosity of 5×1034 cm-2s−1. The upgrade includes replacement of the IP1/IP5 inner triplet 70-mm NbTi quadrupoles with the 150-mm coil aperture Nb3Sn quadrupoles along with the new 150-mm coil aperture NbTi dipole magnet. A detailed model of the region with these new magnets, field maps, corrector packages, segmented tungsten inner absorbers was built and implemented into the FLUKA and MARS codes. Various aspects of the new design were studied: (i) thicknesses of tungsten absorbers; (ii) beam screen interruption in interconnects; (iii) crossing angle value and orientation, etc. In the optimized configuration, the peak power density averaged over the magnet inner cable width doesn’t exceed 2 mW/cm3, safely below the quench limit. For the integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1, the highest peak dose of 35 MGy occurs in the corrector package CP, while for other magnets, the peak dose in the innermost insulators ranges from 20 to 30 MGy. Dynamic heat loads to the triplet magnet cold mass are calculated to be on a target 10 W/m level. FLUKA and MARS results agree within 10%. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO028  
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TUPRO029 Reducing Backgrounds in the Higgs Factory Muon Collider Detector detector, background, electron, photon 1081
 
  • S.I. Striganov, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the DOE Muon Accelerator Program (MAP).
A preliminary design of the 125-GeV Higgs Factory (HF) Muon Collider (MC) has identified an enormous background loads on the HF detector. This is related to the twelve times higher muon decay probability at HF compared to that previously studied for the 1.5-TeV MC. As a result of MARS15 optimization studies, it is shown that with a carefully designed protection system in the interaction region, in the machine-detector interface and inside the detector one can reduce the background rates to a manageable level similar to that achieved for the optimized 1.5-TeV case. The main characteristics of the HF detector background are presented for the configuration found. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO029  
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TUPRO094 Magnetic Field Evaluation of Multipole Permanent Magnets by Harmonic Coil with Novel Calibration Technique permanent-magnet, multipole, focusing, sextupole 1259
 
  • R. Kitahara, Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
  
  Quadrupole magnets for ILC final focus should be strong enough with the restriction on the external radius to let the disrupted out-going beam pass by, while vibration of the magnetic center has to be highly avoided to keep the nm sized beam focusing stable at the interaction point a few meter downstream from the lens. Gluckstern's 5-ring PMQ singlet seems a good candidate for this point of view. In order to fabricate a good 5-ring singlet, property of each ring has to be good enough. A harmonic coil system, which has 24-bit ADC’s for high resolution, was developed. Current noise level of the system is less than 10-5, which is supposed to be improved by reducing mechanical vibration of the ball bearings. We demonstrated the evaluation method of coil wire position with magnetic field from pin point magnet, so that the accuracy of the method was comparable to um scale. We measured the prototype 5-ring PMQ singlet and evaluated harmonic components. This result was compared with the data measured at KEK.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO094  
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TUPRI097 Radiation Protection Concepts for the Beamline for Detector Tests at ELSA radiation, electron, simulation, detector 1799
 
  • N. Heurich, F. Frommberger, P. Hänisch, W. Hillert
    ELSA, Bonn, Germany
  
  At the electron accelerator ELSA, a new external beamline is under construction, whose task is to provide a primary electron beam for detector tests. In the future the accelerator facility will not only be offering an electron beam to the currently implemented photoproduction experiments for hadron physics, but to the new "‘research and technology center detector physics"',whose task is to develop detectors for particle and astroparticle physics. To dump and simultaneously measure the current of the electron beam behind the detector components a Faraday cup consisting of depleted uranium is used. The residual radiation leaving the cup is absorbed in a concrete casing. The radiation protection concept for the entire area of the new beamline was designed with the help of the Monte Carlo simulation program Fluka. In addition the concrete casing, radiation protection walls were taken into account to allow a safe working environment in the room created by the shielding walls. The presentation gives an overview of the different radiation protection concepts for the new beamline for detector tests at ELSA. Furthermore, progresses at the beamline will be reported.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI097  
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TUPRI099 A Proton Therapy Test Facility: the Radiation Protection Design proton, radiation, shielding, target 1805
 
  • S. Sandri, L. Picardi, C. Poggi, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • G. Ottaviano
    ENEA-Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  
  A proton therapy test facility with a beam current lower than 10 nA in average, and an energy up to 85 MeV, has to be sited at the Frascati ENEA Research Center, in Italy. The accelerator is composed by a sequence of linear sections. From the radiation protection point of view the source of radiation for this facility is almost completely located at the final target. Physical and geometrical models of the device have been developed and implemented into a radiation transport computer code based on Monte Carlo method. The main scope is the assessment of the dose rates around the radiation source for supporting the safety analysis. For the assessment was used the FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) computer code. A general purpose tool for the calculation of particle transport and interaction with matter, covering an extended range of applications including proton beam analysis. The models implemented into the code are described and the results are presented. The calculated dose rates are reported at different distances from the target. Considerations about personnel safety are issued and the shielding requirements are anticipated.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI099  
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TUPRI101 Measurement of Neutrons Generated by 345MeV/u U-238 Beam at RIKEN RIBF detector, target, simulation, photon 1811
 
  • N. Nakao
    Shimizu Corporation, Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
  • K. Tanaka, Y. Uwamino
    RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
  
  Neutrons generated by a 345 MeV/u uranium beam bombardment on a 3-mm-thick Be target were measured outside the target chamber using activation detectors of bismuth, aluminum and carbon at 60, 70 and 90 degrees from the beam axis. After a few days irradiation, the activation detectors were removed, and the energy spectra of photons from radionuclides generated by reactions of 209Bi(n, xn)210-xBi(x=4~10), 12C(n, 2n)11C and 27Al(n, alpha)24Na were measured using a germanium detector. Photo peak counts of corresponding photon energies were analyzed with considering detector efficiencies and a beam intensity fluctuation during the irradiation. The production rates of the radionuclides were obtained for all reactions. Monte Carlo simulation using the PHITS code was also performed. Fluxes of neutrons at the activation detectors were tallied and the energy spectra were obtained. Production rates of the radionuclides were obtained by folding the thus obtained energy spectra with activation cross section data. Comparisons with the measurements showed agreements within about 60%.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI101  
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TUPRI103 Neutronics Analyses to Support Waste Management for SNS target, proton, operation, radiation 1817
 
  • I.I. Popova, F.X. Gallmeier
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • M.J. Dayton, S.M. Trotter
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the Division of Materials Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC05-96OR22464 with UT-Battelle Corporation for ORNL
According to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) operations plan the facility components are replaced, when they reach their end-of-life due to radiation induced material damage or burn-up or because of mechanical failure or design improvements. During operation these components are exposed to a severe radiation environment and builds up significant activity during its service lifetime. These components must be safely removed, placed in a container for storage, and transported from the site. In order to classify components and suggest appropriate shipping container an accurate estimate of the radionuclide inventory is performed. On the base of calculated radionuclide inventory the spent component is classified and appropriate container for transport and storage is suggested. Container it is being modelled with the facility component, placed inside, in order to perform transport calculations to ensure that the container is compliant with the waste management regulations. Dose rate analyses are performed as well for the exposure prediction of personnel during components change out. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI103  
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WEPRO075 The Conceptual Design of the China White Neutron Source DTL, linac, rfq, resonance 2127
 
  • J.H. Li, X.C. Ruan, X. Wang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J.H. Billen, K.R. Crandall
    TechSource, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • J. Stovall
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • J.Y. Tang
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • L.M. Young
    AES, Medford, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by NSFC of (91126003)
In order to feed the nuclear data needs for design of the Chinese Accelerator Driven sub-critical System (CADS) and new generation nuclear energy systems, we plan to construct the China White Neutron Source (CWNS). The CWNS will be composed of a Proton Linac, an Accumulator Ring, a Target and Experimental Facilities. The linac is designed to deliver a proton beam having an average current of 1 mA at energy up to 300 MeV. The revolution frequency of the accumulator ring will be ~1.4 MHz. Two spallation targets are planned, with one for short pulsed modes and the other for micro-pulsed mode. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO075  
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WEPRO077 Thermal Neutron Beam Characterization at the HRPT Instrument at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source simulation, shielding, target, proton 2134
 
  • V. Talanov, D. Cheptiakov, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, T. Panzner, V. Pomjakushin, E. Rantsiou, T. Reiss, M. Wohlmuther
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The Swiss spallation neutron source (SINQ) at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) provides beams of thermal and cold neutrons to different neutron instruments. In a view of a potential SINQ upgrade, an experimental program characterizing the current performance of SINQ neutron beams was started in 2013. We present experimental results of the irradiation of imaging plates and gold foils at one of SINQ thermal neutron beam lines that hosts the high resolution powder diffractometer (HRPT) and compare the experimental results to the numerical MCNPX simulations of the neutron flux from the SINQ target-moderator system.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO077  
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WEPRO078 Background Calculations for the High Energy Beam Transport Region of the European Spallation Source target, photon, beam-losses, background 2137
 
  • R.J. Barlow, A.M. Toader
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  • L. Tchelidze
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • H.D. Thomsen
    ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
  
  Expected backgrounds in the final accelerator-to-target region of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund, Sweden, have been calculated using the MCNPX program. We consider the effects of losses from the beam, both along the full length and localised at the bending magnets, and also backsplash from the target. The prompt background is calculated, and also the residual dose, as a function of time, arising from activation of the beam components. Activation of the air is also determined. The model includes the focussing and rasterising magnets, and shows the effects of the concrete walls of the tunnel. We give the implications for the design and operation of the accelerator.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO078  
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WEPRO080 HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS target, ion, proton, extraction 2143
 
  • T. De Melo Mendonca
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 1013 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO080  
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WEPRO099 A Study of the Production of Neutrons for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy using a Proton Accelerator target, proton, cyclotron, ion 2195
 
  • T.R. Edgecock
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  • J.R.J. Bennett
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • S. Green
    University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • B. Phoenix, M.C. Scott
    Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  
  Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer therapy particularly well-suited to treating aggressive tumours that exhibit a high degree of infiltration of the surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, for example of the brain and lung, provide some of the most challenging problems in oncology. The first element of the therapy is boron-10 which is preferentially introduced into the cancerous cells using a carrier compound. Boron-10 has a very high capture cross-section with the other element of the therapy, thermal neutrons, resulting in the production of a lithium nucleus and an alpha particle which destroy the cell they are created in. However, a large flux of neutrons is required and until recently the only source used was a nuclear reactor. In Birmingham, studies of an existing BNCT facility using a 2.8 MeV proton beam and a solid lithium target have found a way to increase the beam power to a sufficient level to allow clinical trials, while maintaining the target solid. In this paper, we will introduce BNCT, describe the work in Birmingham and compare with other accelerator-driven BNCT projects around the World.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO099  
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WEPRO109 Experimental Determination of Heavy Nuclei Fission Cross-sections under Relativistic Deuterons Irradiation on the Accelerator Complex “Nuclotron” for Purposes of Transmutation and Energy Amplification detector, target, simulation, experiment 2221
 
  • V.V. Bukhal, A.A. Patapenka, A.A. Safronava
    JIPNR-Sosny NASB, Minsk, Belarus
  • M. Artiushenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  • K.V. Husak
    The Joint Institute of Power and Nuclear Reserach - "SOSNY" NASB, Minsk, Belarus
  • S.I. Tyutyunnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Experimental studies of neutron spectra of three different subcritical assemblies driven by an accelerator (Accelerator Driven Systems – ADS) for investigation of the possibility of transmutation and energy amplification have been carried out. The assemblies were constructed in the framework of the international project “Energy and Transmutation of Radioactive Wastes” and experiments with them are running in the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) at the accelerator complex “Nuclotron”. In this paper the results of measurements of 239Pu(n, f), 235U(n, f), 238U(n, f) and 238U(n,γ) reactions cross-sections and reactions rates using solid state nuclear track detectors and activation gamma-spectroscopy are presented. A comparison of the experimental results with FLUKA calculations is given. The obtained experimental values characterize the neutron spectra in the experimental points and allow the efficiency of the ADS technology for the systems with similar parameters to be evaluated.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO109  
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WEPRO110 Power Plant Based on Subcritical Reactor and Proton LINAC target, proton, booster, coupling 2224
 
  • A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov
    St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • A.A. Bogdanov
    KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  Nuclear power plant based on accelerator driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) is considered. Such systems demonstrate higher safety because the fission proceeds in subcritical core and necessary neutron flux is reached with external neutrons generated in target of heavy nuclides. In order to efficiently use ADSR for energy production, it’s needed the total power, generated in the reactor, to be greater than power inputs for charged particles acceleration. The plant driven by middle-energy accelerator, which is cheaper than high-energy accelerators, proposed for these purposes, is considered. So it’s necessary to find other ways to amplify reactor power outputs. Thus, the technical solution to increase power gain of small-sized power plant with a linear proton accelerator (energy 300-400 MeV, average current 5 mA) is proposed. Thermal power up to 300 MW was reached.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO110  
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WEPRO111 Fusion Based Neutron Sources for Security Applications: Neutron Techniques photon, scattering, target, resonance 2227
 
  • S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  
  The current reliance on X-Rays and intelligence for national security is insufficient to combat the current risks of smuggling and terrorism seen on an international level. There are a range of neutron based security techniques which have the potential to dramatically improve national security. Neutron techniques can be broadly grouped into neutron in/neutron out and neutron in/photon out techniques. The use of accelerator based fusion devices will potentially enable to wide spread application of neutron security techniques due to the potential for much safer operation than that offered by fission or sealed tube sources. In this paper we discuss some of the neutron security techniques available and the advantages they present.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO111  
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WEPRO112 Fusion Based Neutron Sources for Security Applications: Energy Optimisation target, proton, simulation, shielding 2230
 
  • S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  
  There is a growing interest in the use of neutrons for national security. The majority of work on security focuses on the use of either sealed tube DT fusors or fission sources, e.g. Cf-252. Fusion reactions enable the energy of the neutron beam to be chosen to suit the application, rather than the application being chosen based on the available neutron beam energy. In this paper we discuss simulations of fusion reactions demonstrating the broad range of energies available and methods for adapting the neutron beam energy produced by target/projectile combinations.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO112  
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WEPME002 Laser System for SNS Laser Stripping Experiment laser, cavity, controls, experiment 2254
 
  • Y. Liu, C. Huang, A. Rakhman
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This work is funded by the U.S. DOE under grant number DE-FG02-13ER41967, and by the U.S. DOE under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle Corporation.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex utilizes charge-exchange injection to stack a high-intensity proton beam in the accumulator ring for short-pulse neutron production. A foil-less charge exchange injection method was researched at SNS by using a laser assisted H− beam stripping scheme. Following a proof-of-principle experiment using a Q-switched laser, a new experiment is being prepared to demonstrate laser stripping over a 10-us macropulse. In this talk, we will report the design and measurement results of the laser system for the next stage laser stripping experiment. The laser system adopts a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration and contains an actively mode-locked fiber seeder, macropulse generator, multiple-stage Nd:YAG amplifiers, harmonic converters, and control electronics. The laser system generates 50 ps/402.5 MHz pulses (at a macropulse mode) with multiple megawatt peak power at a wavelength of 355 nm. The measurement results of laser pulse width, spectrum, spatial/temporal beam quality and their parameter dependence will be described.

 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPME002  
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WEPRI109 The ESS Cryogenic System cryogenics, cryomodule, linac, target 2756
 
  • P. Arnold, J. Fydrych, W. Hees, J.M. Jurns, X. Wang, J.G. Weisend
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  Cryogenic cooling is vital for large sections at ESS. The ESS cryogenic system comprises three separate helium refrigeration/liquefaction plants and an extensive cryodistribution system. Mainly there is a 2.0 GeV proton linac using superconducting RF cavities operating at 2 K. In addition to cooling the SRF cavities, cryogenics is also used for the cold hydrogen moderator surrounding the target. There is also a cryogenic installation associated with the site acceptance testing of the ESS cryomodules. ESS furthermore uses both liquid helium and liquid nitrogen in a number of the neutron instruments. The test stand cryoplant will as well provide liquid helium for neutron instrument sample environments and comprise a helium purification unit. Together with the gas management, helium recovery and a considerable cold and warm storage system, cryogenics form a substantial part of ESS. This paper describes the current conceptual design of the ESS cryogenic system including the expected heat loads and operating modes for the linac cryoplant. Challenges associated with the required high efficiency, reliability and turn-down capability will be discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI109  
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THOAB02 Options for UK Technetium-99m Production using Accelerators target, cyclotron, linac, proton 2815
 
  • H.L. Owen
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • J.R. Ballinger
    KCL, London, United Kingdom
  • J. Buscombe
    Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • R.J. Clarke
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • E. Denton
    Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
  • B. Ellis
    Central Manchester University Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • G.D. Flux
    Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  • L. Fraser
    PHE, London, United Kingdom
  • B.J. Neilly
    University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • A. Paterson
    The Society of Radiographers, London, United Kingdom
  • A. Perkins
    University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
  • A.F. Scarsbrook
    Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
  
  Recent and ongoing shortages in reactor-based supplies of Molybdenum-99 for hospital production of the important medical radioisotope Technetium-99m have prompted the re-examination of the alternative production methods using conventional and laser-based particle accelerators. At present the UK has no domestic Technetium-99m production and relies exclusively on Technetium-99m generators manufactured overseas; the National Health Service, with professional partners, is therefore examining the options for domestic production to increase security of supply. In this paper we review the accelerator-based methods from a UK perspective, and outline the most promising methods for short- and medium-term supply, which include low-energy cyclotron and photonuclear reaction routes using enriched Molybdenum-100 targets.  
slides icon Slides THOAB02 [38.942 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THOAB02  
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THPRO103 A Control System for the FRANZ Accelerator controls, ion-source, ion, network 3134
 
  • S.M. Alzubaidi, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wagner
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • H. Dinter
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  The Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern- Gerlach Zentrum (FRANZ) is a multi-purpose facility for experiments related to accelerator development and nuclear astrophysics. A 200 mA proton beam will produce a neutron flux by use of the reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be. To study the reliability and performance of the accelerator an effective and powerful control system will be needed. A small ion source was used for the first performance test of the control system. The design of the control loop algorithm for the High Current proton source will be discussed. Physical data routinely taken by the control system are compared with manual measurements.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRO103  
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THPME023 CPHS Linac Status at Tsinghua University rfq, target, linac, operation 3268
 
  • Q.Z. Xing, C. Cheng, L. Du, T. Du, X. Guan, C. Jiang, X.W. Wang, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
    NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Major Research Plan Grant No. 91126003 and 11175096).
We present, in this paper, the operation status of the 3 MeV high current proton Linac for the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) at Tsinghua University. Proton beam with the peak current of 30 mA, pulse length of 100 μs and repetition rate of 50 Hz has been delivered to the Beryllium target to produce the neutron since July 2013. The pulse length will be further increased to 500 μs. The proton beam energy is expected to be enhanced to the designed value of 13 MeV after the Drift Tube Linac is ready in 2015. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME023  
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THPME168 Proton Beam Imaging Options for the ESS Target target, proton, radiation, optics 3659
 
  • C.A. Thomas, T.J. Grandsaert, M. Göhran, R. Linander, T.J. Shea
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  Conceptual design of an imaging system for the ESS proton beam current density on target is presented. The window separating the linac HV from the 1bar He-filled target station will be used as a source for imaging by means of either OTR or luminescence. The system presents many challenges to be addressed. The window and the primary optics will be exposed to extremely high radiation doses, providing heat cycles and mechanical stresses near the engineering limits, but also may change the surface properties of the window and the optics. The window lifetime expected to be less than 1 year will have to be replace bi-annually, imposing remote handling design for the window but also for part of the optics. In addition, the imaging system should be able to form an image from low to high current beam operations, in order to retrieve beam profile distribution and power density distribution of both static and raster beam, imposing a large numerical aperture (NA), but also to transport the image at more than 15m distance where radiation level is compatible with camera and pc stable operation and human access during commissioning and neutron production.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME168  
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THPRI082 Power Upgrade Studies for the ISIS-TS1 Spallation Target target, proton, embedded, shielding 3961
 
  • C. Bungau, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski, T.R. Edgecock
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  
  ISIS is one of the world's most powerful spallation neutron sources for the study of material structures and dynamics. Currently ISIS has two spallation targets, TS1 operating at proton beam powers of up to 200kW, and TS2 operating to 45kW. This paper focuses upon an upgrade study of TS1 with the goal of increasing the ultimate operating power to 1 MW and beyond. During this study we have taken into consideration the necessity of maintaining the spallation neutron pulse width at current values. The increased heat deposition was monitored and the target plates dimensions were modified to take this into account.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI082  
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THPRI083 Target Design for the ISODAR Neutrino Experiment target, proton, shielding, cyclotron 3964
 
  • A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
    University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  • J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad, M. Moulai
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • M. Shaevitz
    Columbia University, New York, USA
  
  This paper focuses on the design of a high-intensity antineutrino source from the production and subsequent decay of Li8. The Geant4 code is used to calculate the anti-neutrino flux that can be obtained along with the production of undesirable contaminants. We present in this paper the optimised design for the target, moderators, reflector and shielding. Engineering issues associated with this design are also discussed in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI083  
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THPRI086 Beam Dumps of the New LCLS-II shielding, electron, radiation, operation 3973
 
  • M. Santana-Leitner, A. Ibrahimov, L.Y. Nicolas, S.H. Rokni, D.R. Walz, J.J. Welch
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
In 2013 the design of the new LCLS-II new hard X-FEL facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory was rescoped to operate two parallel variable gap undulator lines at repetition rates up to 1MHz and above. A new superconducting RF structure will be installed in the first third of the SLAC two-mile Linac to provide a few hundred kWof beam power at energies of up to 4 GeV. This paper describes the radiological aspects of the dumps that are being designed for the end of the electron beam lines. A layered arrangement of shielding materials is being optimized to reduce instantaneous dose leakage to occupied areas, minimum cool-down time to access the tunnel, and impact to equipment and to the environment. Calculations deal with numerous constraints, as legacy beam components will be used, and the existing tunnel structure was designed for beam powers fifty times below those envisaged for LCLS-II. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI086  
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THPRI106 Specialized Technical Services at ESS cryomodule, cryogenics, vacuum, target 4028
 
  • J.G. Weisend, P. Arnold, J. Fydrych, W. Hees, G. Hulla, F. Jensen, J.M. Jurns, P. Ladd, G. Lanfranco, H. Spoelstra, X. Wang
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS), a world class lab for neutron science currently under construction in Lund, Sweden requires a number of technical services that extend across the various project areas (accelerator, target and neutron science). These services include: cryogenics, vacuum and technical electrical and cooling systems. This effort constitutes more than 70 million Euros of construction cost. Rather than have separate support groups in each of the project areas, ESS has created a Specialized Technical Services group within the Accelerator Division to provide these services. This approach permits standardization, development of synergies and improved communication. The STS group also provides cryomodule testing and accelerator infrastructure and installation to the accelerator project. This paper describes the scope of work, current design status and future plans for Specialized Technical services at ESS.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI106  
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