Keyword: ion
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MOYAA01 The LHC from Commissioning to Operation injection, luminosity, controls, optics 11
 
  • M. Lamont
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  In 2011 the LHC moves from commissioning into the physics production phase with the aim of accumulating 1fb-1 by the end of 2011. The progress from commissioning to operation is described. Emphasis is put on the beam performance, but also on the performance of the different hardware systems. The role of collimation and machine protection is discussed, in view of the very high stored beam and magnet energy. Comment: Other invited presentations in this conference will cover the experience with beam instrumentation and the upgrade programmes.  
slides icon Slides MOYAA01 [7.410 MB]  
 
MOOCA02 Two Beam Test Stand Experiments in the CTF3 Facility accelerating-gradient, linac, acceleration, diagnostics 29
 
  • W. Farabolini, F. Peauger
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  • J. Barranco, S. Bettoni, B. Constance, R. Corsini, M. Csatari, S. Döbert, A. Dubrovskiy, C. Heßler, T. Persson, G. Riddone, P.K. Skowroński, F. Tecker
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • D. Gudkov, A. Solodko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M. Jacewicz, T. Muranaka, A. Palaia, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
 
  The CLEX building in the CTF3 facility is the place where essential experiments are performed to validate the Two-Beam Acceleration scheme upon which the CLIC project relies. The Drive Beam enters the CLEX after being recombined in the Delay loop and the Combiner Ring in intense beam trains of 24 A – 150 MeV lasting 140 ns and bunched at 12 GHz, although other beam parameters are also accessible. This beam is then decelerated in dedicated structures installed in the Test Beam Line (TBL) and in the Two-Beam Test Stand (TBTS) aimed at delivering bursts of 12 GHz RF power. In the TBTS this power is used to generate a high accelerating gradient of 100 MV/m in specially designed accelerating structures. To assess the performances of these structures a probe beam is used, produced by a small Linac. We reported here the various experiences conducted in the TBTS making use of the versatility the probe beam and of dedicated diagnostics.  
slides icon Slides MOOCA02 [3.003 MB]  
 
MOODB03 Capture and Transport of the Laser Accelerated Ion Beams for the LIGHT Project laser, proton, solenoid, simulation 59
 
  • S.G. Yaramyshev, W.A. Barth, I. Hofmann, A. Orzhekhovskaya
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • B. Zielbauer
    HIJ, Jena, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by EURATOM (IFK KiT Program) and HIC for FAIR
An impressive advantage of Laser Ion Sources is an extremely high beam brilliance. The LIGHT project (Laser Ion Generation, Handling and Transport) is dedicated to the production of protons (ions), accelerated up to 10 MeV by using the GSI PHELIX laser at GSI, and injected into a conventional accelerator. A successful experimental campaign stimulated further investigation of the focusing, transport and collimation of the high energy and high brilliance proton beam. In addition to the advanced codes, describing the very early expansion phase of the proton-electron cloud, the versatile multiparticle code DYNAMION was implemented to perform beam dynamics simulations for different possible transport lines. Potentially transport lines compraises magnetic quadrupole lenses and/or solenoids for transverse beam focusing. A bunch rotation rf cavity decreasing the energy spread of the protons was included into the simulations. The results of the beam dynamics simulations are presented, as well as benchmarking activities with other codes. Further developments of the experimental test stand and the different possibilities of its integration to the GSI accelerators chain are discussed.
 
slides icon Slides MOODB03 [2.185 MB]  
 
MOPC016 Development of a New RF Accelerating Cavity for J-PARC Ring Accelerator cavity, simulation, impedance, controls 98
 
  • Y. Morita, T. Kageyama
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • J. Kameda
    ICRR, Chiba, Japan
  • S. Yamashita
    ICEPP, Tokyo, Japan
 
  Funding: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
To enhance the beam power delivered by the J-PARC* ring accelerators, upgrading the accelerating cavities is indispensable. In particular, long term stable operation of the present cavities for the RCS** is one of the important issues. Currently, the cavities are loaded with FINEMET*** cores cooled by water, where every core is coated with glass cloth and epoxy resin for waterproof. However, it was reported that some of the cores were damaged by thermal stress. We are developing a new cavity loaded with multi ring core modules. Each core module consists of three ring cores concentrically arranged and sandwiched between two glass epoxy plates with flow channels grooved. The ring cores without waterproof coating are cooled by the turbulent flow of a chemically inert liquid (Fluorinert), since FINEMET is subject to corrosion in water. We have designed and built a high power prototype cavity loaded with a single core module, then carried out low level measurement and high power test. Finally, the cavity has been stably operated up to an average power loss of 10 kW per core module, which is 1.7 times higher than that for the present RCS cavity.
*Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex
**Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron
***FINEMET is an iron-based magnetic alloy produced by Hitachi Metals, Ltd..
 
 
MOPC019 Condition of MA Cut Cores in the RF Cavities of J-PARC Main Ring after Several Years of Operation impedance, cavity, resonance, synchrotron 107
 
  • M. Nomura, A. Schnase, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  • E. Ezura, K. Hasegawa, K. Takata
    KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • K. Hara, C. Ohmori, M. Toda, M. Yoshii
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • T. Sato, M. Yamamoto
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  J-PARC 3 GeV RCS and 50 GeV Synchrotron (MR) employ RF cavities loaded with Magnetic Alloy (MA) cores to generate a high field gradient. The RF cavities in RCS use MA un-cut cores. On the other hand, the RF cavities in MR employ MA cut cores to increase the Q-value from 0.6 to 26. We observed the impedance reductions of all MR RF cavities during several years operation. Opening the RF cavities, we found that the impedance reductions were resulting from corrosion on the cut and polished surfaces of MA cores. Before installation of the RF cavities, we had 1000 and 2000 hours long tests at a test stand. We didn't observe the impedance reduction related to the corrosion on the MA core cut surfaces at the test stand. The only difference between the test stand and MR is the quality of cooling water. The MR cooling water contains copper ions for example from copper hollow conductors of the main magnets. We report the influence of the copper ions to the corrosion on the MA core cut surface. We also show plans how to solve the issue of MA core cut surface corrosion.  
 
MOPC028 Beam Acceleration of DPIS RFQ at IMP rfq, laser, ion-source, target 128
 
  • Z.L. Zhang, X.H. Guo, Y. He, Y. Liu, S. Sha, A. Shi, L.P. Sun, H.W. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • R.A. Jameson, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • M. Okamura
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Beam test of the direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) is carried out successfully for the first time in China, by setting up a comprehensive test and research platform of RFQ and laser ion source. The C6+ beam is accelerated successfully, and the peak beam current reaches more than 6mA which is measured by a Faraday cup of unique structure. The RF power coupled into the RFQ cavity is also examined, and results reveal that it is the RF power of about 195kW that can produce the peak beam current.  
 
MOPC031 Performance of a 13 MHz Cavity for an RF Implanter at PEFP* cavity, coupling, ion-source, simulation 136
 
  • T.A. Trinh
    UST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  • Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government
A 13 MHz - normal conducting cavity for an rf implanter has been successfully developed at PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project). It consists of an inductive coil, accelerating electrodes and a ground electrode for the inductor. Quality factor of 2074 and critical coupling were achieved at resonant frequency of 12.658 MHz. Rf power of 1 kW was forwarded to the cavity without any spark in the cavity. Beam test was then carried out with a 27 keV helium beam generated from a Duoplasmatron ion source. The results showed that the helium beam was accelerated to final energy of 120 keV with energy spread of 1%. Detail experiments and results are addressed in this presentation.
 
 
MOPC039 Optimization of IH-DTL Resonator for UNDULAC-RF acceleration, impedance, focusing, undulator 160
 
  • S.M. Polozov, A.S. Plastun, P.R. Safikanov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
 
  The linear undulator accelerator (UNDULAC) was proposed early for ribbon ion beam acceleration*. UNDULAC can be realized using two non-synchronous spatial harmonics. One of them must be RF field harmonic and the second can be RF (UNDULAC-RF) or electrostatic (UNDULAC-E). The acceleration mechanism in UNDULAC is similar as inverse free electron laser (IFEL). The beam dynamics in both types of UNDULAC was studied early and the design of UNDUAC-RF resonator was started in **. Design of the 150 MHz IH-DTL for UNDULAC-RF will present. The optimization of the longitudinal field distributions will do. The most effective construction will show. Transverse electric field distributions within drift tube will optimize by blending support stems and drift tubes.
* E.S. Masunov, Sov. Phys. – Tech. Phys. 35(8), 962-965, 1990.
** S. M. Polozov, P. R. Safikanov, Proc. IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan, p. 3762 (2010).
 
 
MOPC064 Upgrade and Commissioning of the 88-Inch Cyclotron Final Power Amplifier cyclotron, resonance, impedance, cathode 229
 
  • M. Kireeff Covo, D.F. Byford, P.W. Casey, A. Hodgkinson, S. Kwiatkowski, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, A. Ratti, C.P. Reiter
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The RF system of the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is a resonant system based on the quarter-wave cantilever type resonating structure. Power is fed to the Dee from the anode of the 500 kW RCA 6949 tetrode tube operating in grounded cathode configuration, which is capacitively coupled to the side of the Dee stem. The tube is obsolete and makes its continued use impractical. A new final power amplifier was designed and built using the commercially available tube Eimac 4W150,000E. The new amplifier was successfully commissioned and has been reliable and easy to operate. An overview of the system upgrade and details of the commissioning will be presented.
 
 
MOPC065 Ion Motion in the Vicinity of Microprotrusions in Accelerating Structures simulation, electron, plasma, background 232
 
  • D.G. Kashyn, T.M. Antonsen, I. Haber, G.S. Nusinovich
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
 
  Funding: This work is supported by Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy.
It is known that newly fabricated accelerating structures have almost ideally smooth surface. However, ‘post mortem’ examination of these structures reveals that their surface can be significantly modified after high-gradient operation. This surface modification can be caused by the appearance of microscopic protrusions*. One of the factors leading to heating, melting and evaporation of these protrusions (factors resulting in the RF breakdown) is ion bombardment**. In our study we analyze ion motion in the vicinity of microprotrusions both analytically and numerically. First, we study the ion motion in the RF electric field magnified by the protrusion in the absence of electron field emitted current and show that most of the ions do not reach the structure surface. Then we add into consideration the interaction of ions with Fowler-Nordheim current emitted from the tip of protrusion (dark current). First, we develop a model describing this interaction and then we supplement it with numerical results using PIC code WARP***. We show that the ions move towards the area occupied by the dark current, but this does not increase the bombardment of micro-protrusions.
* R.B. Palmer,et al, Phys. Rev ST Accel. Beams 12, 031002 (2009).
** P. Wilson, AIP Conf. Proc., 877, Melville, New York, 2006, p. 27.
***J.-L. Vay, et al, Physics of Plasmas, 11, 2928 (2004).
 
 
MOPC084 The Superconducting cw LINAC Demonstrator for GSI linac, cavity, solenoid, acceleration 271
 
  • F.D. Dziuba, M. Busch, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • W.A. Barth, S. Mickat
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: BMBF Contr. No. 06FY9089I, Helmholtz Institut Mainz
At GSI a new, superconducting (sc) continuous wave (cw) LINAC is under design in cooperation with the Institute for Applied Physics (IAP) of Frankfurt University and the Helmholtz Institut Mainz (HIM). This proposed LINAC is highly requested by a broad community of future users to fulfill the requirements of nuclear chemistry, nuclear physics, and especially in the research field of Super Heavy Elements (SHE). In this context the preliminary layout of the LINAC has been carried out by IAP. The main acceleration of up to 7.3 AMeV will be provided by nine sc Crossbar-H-mode (CH) cavities operated at 217 MHz. Currently, a prototype of the cw LINAC as a demonstrator is under development. The demonstrator comprises a sc CH-cavity embedded between two sc solenoids mounted in a horizontal cryomodule. A full performance test of the demonstrator in 2013/14 by injecting and accelerating a beam from the GSI High Charge Injector (HLI) is one important milestone of the project. The status of the demonstrator is presented.
 
 
MOPC089 RF Simulations for the QWR Cavities of PIAVE-ALPI cavity, simulation, linac, beam-losses 283
 
  • M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Palmieri
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
 
  The PIAVE-ALPI linac is composed of several families of QWR cavities. In order to have a thorough description of the accelerator in terms of beam dynamics, a detailed field mapping of the accelerating cavities is necessary, including non-linear behavior of the off-axis fields, as well as the steering and dispersion effects due to transverse components. For such a purpose, a set of RF simulation was accomplished, with the codes HFSS and COMSOL. The details about these simulations and the main outcomes and results will be described in this article.  
 
MOPC116 Development of Nb and Alternative Material Thin Films Tailored for SRF Applications SRF, ECR, cavity, electron 349
 
  • A-M. Valente-Feliciano, H.L. Phillips, C.E. Reece, J.K. Spradlin, B. Xiao, X. Zhao
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • H. Baumgart, D. Gu
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • D. Beringer, R.A. Lukaszew
    The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA
  • K.I. Seo
    NSU, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S.DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Over the years, Nb/Cu technology, despite its shortcomings due to the commonly used magnetron sputtering, has positioned itself as an alternative route for the future of superconducting structures used in accelerators. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of energetic vacuum deposition techniques, showing promise for the production of thin films tailored for SRF applications. JLab is pursuing energetic condensation deposition via techniques such as Electron Cyclotron Resonance and High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering. As part of this project, the influence of the deposition energy on the material and RF properties of the Nb thin film is investigated with the characterization of their surface, structure, superconducting properties and RF response. It has been shown that the film RRR can be tuned from single digits to values greater than 400. This paper presents results on surface impedance measurements correlated with surface and material characterization for Nb films produced on various substrates, monocrystalline and polycrystalline as well as amorphous. A progress report on work on NbTiN and AlN based multilayer structures will also be presented.
 
 
MOPC147 Timing System for MedAustron Based on Off-The-Shelf MRF Transport Layer controls, synchrotron, ion-source, light-ion 424
 
  • R. Tavcar, J. Dedič, Z. Kroflic, R. Štefanič
    Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • J. Gutleber
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  MedAustron is a new particle accelerator-based ion beam research and therapy centre under construction in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. The timing system for its synchrotron-based accelerator is being developed in close collaboration with Cosylab. We have usedμResearch Finland (MRF) transfer layer and designed and implemented a generic, reusable high-level logic above transport layer inside the generator and receiver FPGA to fulfill machine specific requirements which exceed MRF's original high-level logic capabilities. The new timing system is suitable for small to mid-size accelerators. Its functionalities include support for virtual accelerators and a rich selection of event response mechanisms. The timing system uses a combination of a real-time link for downstream events and a non-real-time link for upstream messaging and non time-critical communication. This article explains the benefits of building a timing system on a proven, stable timing transport layer and describes the high-level services provided by MedAustron timing system.  
 
MOPC164 Upgrade of the ISIS Synchrotron Low Power RF System cavity, controls, feedback, synchrotron 466
 
  • A. Seville, N.E. Farthing, I.S.K. Gardner, R.J. Mathieson, J.W.G. Thomason
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • D.B. Allen
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  The ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK now routinely uses a dual harmonic RF system to accelerate beam currents in excess of 230 uA to run two target stations simultaneously. In order to give more stable control of the phase of the RF voltage at each of the fundamental (1RF) and second harmonic (2RF) cavities, changes have been made to the low power RF (LPRF) control systems. In addition to this a new FPGA based master oscillator has been commissioned for the first time, and further changes using digital technologies to replace other components of the LPRF system are to be investigated. This paper reports on the LPRF hardware commissioning and reliability.  
 
MOPO012 LHC Damper Beam Commissioning in 2010 damping, feedback, injection, kicker 505
 
  • W. Höfle, G. Kotzian, M. Schokker, D. Valuch
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The LHC transverse dampers were commissioned in 2010 with beam and their use at injection energy of 450 GeV, during the ramp and in collisions at 3.5 TeV for Physics have become part of the standard operations procedure. The system proved important to limit emittance blow-up at injection and maintain smaller than nominal emittances throughout the accelerating cycle. We describe the commissioning of the system step-by-step as done in 2010 and summarize its performance as achieved for proton as well as ion beams in 2010. Although its principle function is to keep transverse oscillations under control, the system has also been used as an exciter for abort gap cleaning and tune measurement. The dedicated beam position measurement system with its low noise properties provides additional possibilities for diagnostics.  
 
MOPS021 Beam Dynamics of a Compact SC Isochronous Cyclotron - Preliminary Study of Central Region* proton, cyclotron, acceleration, extraction 643
 
  • J.X. Zhang, T.A. Antaya, R.E. Block
    MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
 
  Funding: Pennsylvania State University ARL S11-07 and N00024-02-D-6604 US Defense Threat Reduction Agency
A compact high field superconducting isochronous cyclotron, Megatron (K250), is designed as a proof-of-principle for a single stage high power proton accelerator. This cyclotron is to accelerate proton to a final energy of 250 MeV with two 45° Dees with a radius ~40 cm. By employing a 20 mA external ECR proton source, the injected proton beam currents at high brightness are foreseen. Using phase selection in the center, a fully magnetized elliptical pole, low energy gain per turn, a precise relation between momentum and radius at large radius are expected. Two goals, a) to use this relationship to develop multi-turn extraction with passive elements only, to achieve a high external proton beam intensity (~1 mA); and b) to see if it is possible to achieve a high extraction efficiency (> 99%) without single turn extraction, with an energy spread |DE/E| ~0.1%. The RF acceleration is on the first harmonic with ωrf=ω0~64 MHz. Superconductor coils will provide a central field of B0 = 4.3 T and a peak hill field of 6.6 T. The general beam dynamics studies will be performed. Precise central field design including space charge effect will be shown in the presentation.
 
 
MOPS028 An Ion Beam Matching to a Linac Accelerating-focusing Channel rfq, linac, emittance, simulation 661
 
  • A. Orzhekhovskaya, W.A. Barth, G. Clemente, L.A. Dahl, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, M. Kaiser, M.T. Maier, S. Mickat, B. Schlitt, H. Vormann, S.G. Yaramyshev
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by HIC for FAIR
A modern linear accelerator of ions is a long chain of different accelerating-focusing structures. The design of new linacs, as well as an upgrade and optimization of operating facilities, requires precise and reliable beam matching with the subsequent sections. Proper matching of the beam to the channel allows to improve the performance of the whole linac and to reduce the specific costs. Additionally it helps to avoide particle loss in high energy high intensity linacs. Generally a matching algorithm combines precisely measured or calculated accelerating-focusing external fields and experimentally obtained details of the beam parameters with an advanced code for beam dynamics simulations including space charge effects. Experimental results are introduced into a code as input data. The described algorithm has already been successfully implemented for several GSI projects: an upgrade of the GSI heavy ion linac UNILAC, an ion linac for the cancer therapy, the proton linac for the FAIR facility, a facility for laser acceleration of ions and others. Measured data and results of beam dynamics simulations leading to an achieved improvement of the linac performance are presented.
 
 
MOPS029 Experiments with a Fast Chopper System for Intense Ion Beams electron, space-charge, simulation, high-voltage 664
 
  • H. Dinter, M. Droba, M. Lotz, O. Meusel, I. Müller, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte, C. Wagner, C. Wiesner
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  Chopper systems are used to pulse charged particle beams. In most cases, electric deflection systems are used to generate beam pulses of defined lengths and appropriate repetition rates. At high beam intensities, the field distribution of the chopper system needs to be adapted precisely to the beam dynamics in order to avoid aberrations. An additional challenge is a robust design which guarantees reliable operation. For the Frankfurt Neutron Source FRANZ, an E×B chopper system is being developed which combines static magnetic deflection with a pulsed electric field in a Wien filter configuration. It will generate proton pulses with a flat top of 50 ns at a repetition rate of 250 kHz for 120 keV, 200 mA beams. For the electric deflection, pre-experiments with static and pulsed fields were performed using a helium ion beam. In pulsed mode operation, ion beams of different energies were deflected with voltages of up to ±6 kV and the resulting response was measured using a beam current transformer. A comparison between experiments and theoretical calculations as well as numerical simulations are presented.  
 
MOPS034 Progress on Space Charge Compensation Study in Low Energy High Intense H+ Beam* emittance, electron, injection, space-charge 676
 
  • P.N. Lu, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, Z.X. Yuan, J. Zhao
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • H.T. Ren
    Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
 
  This article lays emphasis on the relationship between the Space Charge Compensation (SCC) and the beam quality in different conditions. Ar and Kr are used to compensate a 35keV/90mA H+ beam with the gas pressure from 3.7×10-4 Pa to 6×10-3 Pa. Experiments are conducted in different compensation states with three approaches. With an energy spectrometer, we have got the energy spectra of Extra Compensation Gas Ions (ECGI). By a beam profile meter, the beam profiles are obtained when the injection of compensation gas is gradually rising. In the meantime, the beam emittance is measured under different compensation conditions. After measurements of the above data, the potential and the rest charge distributions in the beam are calculated by analyzing the ECGI energy spectra and beam profiles. All experiments performed aimed to seek out the best circumstance for SCC dominated low energy high intensity ion beams.together to calculate the potential distribution are calculated by analyzing the energy spectra and beam profiles. All experiments performed aimed to seeking for the best circumstances in SCC dominated low energy high intensity ion beams.  
 
MOPS038 3D Beam Dynamic Simulation in Heavy Ion Superconducting Drift Tube Linac cavity, simulation, focusing, linac 685
 
  • A.V. Samoshin, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
 
  The superconducting (SC) linac conventionally consists of some different classes of the identical cavities. Each cavity is based on a SC structure with a high accelerating gradient. The low charge state beams require stronger transverse focusing. This focusing can be reached with the help of SC solenoid lenses. In this paper beam dynamics simulation obtain by smooth approximation and full field. Traditionally only the Coulomb field is taken into account for low energy beams. In this paper the computer simulation of heavy ion beam dynamics in superconducting (SC) linac will carried out by means of the "particle-in-cell" method. Simulation results will present.  
 
MOPS049 Study of Ion-induced Instabilities and Transverse Feedback Performance at SOLEIL feedback, vacuum, simulation, electron 712
 
  • R. Nagaoka, L. Cassinari, M.D. Diop, J.-M. Filhol, M.-P. Level, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, R. Sreedharan
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
 
  Experimental studies indicate that the SOLEIL storage ring at its maximum designed current of 500 mA is under a large influence of ions, potentially capable of inducing the so called fast beam-ion instability. To avoid it, the following three conditions have been empirically found effective: A reduced RF voltage, uniform filling and a large vertical chromaticity. While the choice of uniform filling appears contradictory to raising the ion instability threshold, it goes well with lowering of the RF voltage if outgassing due to beam-induced heating of the vacuum components is the primary source of ions. Additional difficulties associated are frequent occurrence of sudden beam blowups despite the presence of transverse feedback, which are large enough to trigger machine interlocks leading to complete beam losses. These blow ups may even take place horizontally inside in-vacuum insertion devices. The present paper reports on the results and findings obtained through experimental and simulation studies carried out on the collective beam dynamics and the transverse feedback performance, which are deeply interlinked, in order to clarify the mechanism of the encountered phenomena.  
 
MOPS053 Electron Cloud Effects in Coasting Heavy-ion Beams* electron, simulation, accumulation, dipole 724
 
  • F.B. Petrov, T. Weiland
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • O. Boine-Frankenheim
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by BMBF under contract 06DA9022I.
During slow extraction of intense ion beams electron clouds (EC) can accumulate in the circulating coasting beam and reduce the extraction efficiency. This is a concern for the existing SIS-18 heavy ion synchrotron at GSI and for the projected SIS-100 as part of the FAIR project. For medium energy heavy-ion beams the production of electrons from residual gas ionization is very effective. The electron density is limited due to Coulomb scattering by the beam ions. Above a threshold beam intensity the two-stream instability and the resulting coherent beam oscillations limit the electron density. Below this threshold the electron cloud can lead to observable deformations of the Schottky side-bands. To avoid EC build-up one can introduce a gap in the beam using barrier rf bucket. The reduction of the build-up efficiency caused by the gap is studied in details based on the solution of the Hill's equation for electrons. Finally we estimate the saturation level for the electron cloud density.
 
 
MOPS068 Localization of Transverse Impedance Sources in the SPS using HEADTAIL Macroparticle Simulations impedance, quadrupole, lattice, simulation 757
 
  • N. Biancacci, G. Arduini, E. Métral, D. Quatraro, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, R. Tomás
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • N. Biancacci, M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
  • R. Calaga
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  In particle accelerators, beam coupling impedance is one of the main contributors to instability phenomena that lead to particle losses and beam quality deterioration. For this reason these machines are continuously monitored and the global and local amount of impedance needs to be evaluated. In this work we present our studies on the local transverse impedance detection algorithm. The main assumptions behind the algorithm are described in order to understand limits in reconstructing the impedance location. The phase advance response matrix is analyzed in particular for the SPS lattice, studying the different response from 90,180,270 degrees phase advance sections. The thin lenses scheme is also implemented and new analytical formulas for phase advance beating were derived. This avails us to put reconstructing lenses everywhere in the lattice, and to study their positioning scheme. Limits in linear response are analyzed. This sets the upper and lower limits in reconstruction to the phase advance measurement accuracy and the linear response regime limit.  
 
MOPS070 Electromagnetic Modeling of C Shape Ferrite Loaded Kickers impedance, kicker, simulation, vacuum 763
 
  • C. Zannini
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • E. Métral, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, V.G. Vaccaro, C. Zannini
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The kickers are major contributors to the CERN SPS beam coupling impedance. As such, they may represent a limitation to increasing the SPS bunch current in the frame of an intensity upgrade of the LHC. In this paper, analytical approach and CST Particle Studio time domain electromagnetic simulations are performed to obtain the longitudinal and transverse impedances/wake potentials of models of ferrite loaded kickers. It turns out that the existing models are not sufficient to characterize correctly these components from the coupling impedance point of view. In particular the results show that below few hundred MHz the real C-structure of the magnet cannot be neglected. Therefore an analytical model was developed and benchmarked with EM simulations to take into account the C-shape of the magnet.  
 
MOPS090 Observation of Beam Ion Instability in SPEAR3 vacuum, emittance, single-bunch, quadrupole 814
 
  • L. Wang, Y. Cai, W.J. Corbett, T.O. Raubenheimer, J.A. Safranek, J.F. Schmerge, J.J. Sebek
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • D. Teytelman
    Dimtel, San Jose, USA
 
  Weak vertical coupled bunch instability with oscillation amplitude at μm level has been observed in SPEAR3. The instability becomes stronger when there is a vacuum pressure rise by partially turning off vacuum pumps and it becomes weaker when the vertical beam emittance is increased by turning off the skew quadrupole magnets. These confirmed that the instability was driven by ions in the vacuum. The threshold of the beam ion instability when running with a single bunch train is just under 200 mA. This paper presents the comprehensive observations of the beam ion instability in SPEAR3. The effects of vacuum pressure, beam current, beam filling pattern, chromaticity, beam emittance and bunch-by-bunch feedback are investigated in great detail.pattern, chromaticity, beam emittance and bunch-by-bunch feedback are investigated in great detail.  
 
TUOAA02 Status of UA9, the Crystal Collimation Experiment in the SPS collimation, proton, simulation, beam-losses 897
 
  • W. Scandale
    LAL, Orsay, France
 
  Funding: CERN, IHEP-Protvino, Imperial-College, INFN, JINR-Dubna, LBNL, PNPI-Gartchina, SLAC
UA9 was operated in the CERN-SPS for more than two years in view of investigating the feasibility of the halo collimation with bent crystals. Silicon crystals 2 mm long with bending angles of about 150 urad were used as primary collimators. The crystal collimation process was steadily achieved through channeling with high efficiency. The crystal orientation was easily set and optimized with the installed goniometer which has an angular reproducibility of about ± 10 μrad. In channeling orientation, the loss rate of the halo particles interacting with the crystal is reduced by a factor of ten, whilst the residual off-momentum halo escaping from the crystal-collimator area is reduced by a factor five. The crystal channeling efficiency of about 75 % is reasonably consistent with simulations and with single pass data collected in the North Area of the SPS. The accumulated observations, shown in this paper, support our expectation that the coherent deflection of the beam halo by a bent crystal should considerably help in enhancing the collimation efficiency in LHC.
 
slides icon Slides TUOAA02 [4.297 MB]  
 
TUZB02 Ultra High Vacuum for High Intensity Proton Accelerators vacuum, radiation, proton, radioactivity 971
 
  • N. Ogiwara
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
 
  In high intensity proton accelerators neutrons, as well as gamma rays, are generated. At the J-PARC synchrotron the cumulative energy dose will be of the order of several-mSv/h over 1 month user operation. In order to minimize the radiation exposure during maintenance, it is necessary to construct a vacuum system with reliable components which have a long life in such a high level of radiation. In addition, in all machines it is necessary to keep the operating pressure of the beam in ultra high vacuum (UHV) to suppress pressure instability. At J-PARC RCS the UHV conditions were realized without baking and the beam operation has been successful to date. General considerations for vacuum systems for high intensity linear and circular accelerators will be provided in the talk.  
slides icon Slides TUZB02 [3.380 MB]  
 
TUODB01 Progress of the Construction for the TPS Vacuum System vacuum, photon, impedance, storage-ring 976
 
  • G.-Y. Hsiung, C.K. Chan, C.H. Chang, C.-C. Chang, C.L. Chen, C.M. Cheng, Y.T. Cheng, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh, I.T. Huang, T.Y. Lee, I.C. Sheng, L.H. Wu, H.Y. Yan, Y.C. Yang, C.S. huang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • J.-R. Chen
    National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
 
  Vacuum system for the 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been started the construction since 2010. The critical components such as the bellows and gate valves with rf-contact shielding, pulsed magnet kicker ceramic chambers, BPM, crotch absorbers, etc. have been manufactured and tested. Aluminum alloy (Al-) vacuum chambers for the arc-cells have been machined and undergoing the in-house welding. Mass production of the vacuum equipments including the ion gauges, ion pumps, NEG pumps, and gate valves, has been contracted out and partially delivering following the schedule of the cell assembling. Each cell, contains two short Al-straight chambers and two Al-bending chambers, has been started the assembling and on-site welding on the pre-aligned girders in clean room forming an one-piece vacuum vessel about 14 m in length following by the vacuum baking to the ultra-high vacuum. The conceptual design of the vacuum systems for the long straight sections, the concentric booster, and the transport lines, will be addressed. The progress of prototyping development and the status of construction for the TPS vacuum system will be described in this paper.  
slides icon Slides TUODB01 [35.595 MB]  
 
TUODB02 Extreme High Vacuum System of High Brightness Electron Source for ERL gun, vacuum, electron, cathode 979
 
  • M. Yamamoto, T. Honda, Y. Honda, T. Miyajima, Y. Saito, Y. Tanimoto, T. Uchiyama
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H. Akimichi, H. Yoshida
    AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
  • H. Kurisu
    Yamaguchi University, Ube-Shi, Japan
 
  A compact test accelerator for Japan’s future light source based on energy recovery linac (ERL) is under construction in KEK, aiming to demonstrate key technologies such as a high-brightness photocathode DC-gun and superconducting RF cavities. A DC-gun using GaAs-type photocathode which has a negative electron affinity (NEA) surface is employed. The NEA surface plays an indispensable role to extract electrons from conduction band minimum into vacuum. It assures high quantum efficiency of the photocathode and very low intrinsic emittance of the extracted beam. However, the NEA surface is extremely delicate against residual gas in vacuum. In order to extract mA-level beam currents continuously for more than several tens of hours, the pressure should be lower than the order of ·10-10 Pa to avid the backbombardment of positive ions produced by the collision of accelerated electrons with residual gas molecules in the beam path. Recent achievements in the development of a 500-kV photocathode DC-gun and in the fundamental studies of its extreme high vacuum system will be presented.  
slides icon Slides TUODB02 [1.606 MB]  
 
TUPC021 The CLIC Feasibility Demonstration in CTF3 linac, cavity, acceleration, electron 1042
 
  • P.K. Skowroński, J. Barranco, S. Bettoni, B. Constance, R. Corsini, A.E. Dabrowski, M. Divall Csatari, S. Döbert, A. Dubrovskiy, O. Kononenko, M. Olvegård, T. Persson, A. Rabiller, F. Tecker
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • E. Adli
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • W. Farabolini
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  • R.L. Lillestol
    NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
  • T. Muranaka, A. Palaia, R.J.M.Y. Ruber
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
 
  The objective of the CLIC Test Facility CTF3 is to demonstrate the feasibility issues of the CLIC two-beam technology: the efficient generation of a very high current drive beam, used as the power source to accelerate the main beam to multi-TeV energies with gradient over 100MeV/m, stable drive beam deceleration over long distances. Results on successful beam acceleration with over 100 MeV/m energy gain are shown. Measurements of drive beam deceleration over a chain of Power Extraction Structures are presented. The achieved RF power levels, the stability of the power production and of the deceleration are discussed. Finally, we overview the remaining issues to be shown until the end of 2011.  
 
TUPC048 First Measurement Results of the LHC Longitudinal Density Monitor photon, proton, synchrotron, diagnostics 1105
 
  • A. Jeff, M. Andersen, A. Boccardi, S. Bozyigit, E. Bravin, T. Lefèvre, A. Rabiller, F. Roncarolo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • A.S. Fisher
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: The primary author is funded by the E.U. under the DITANET Marie Curie network.
Knowledge of the longitudinal distribution of particles is important for various aspects of accelerator operation, for example to check the injection quality and to characterize the development of ghost bunches before and during the physics periods. A new detector, the LHC Longitudinal Density Monitor (LDM) is a single-photon counting system measuring synchrotron light by means of an avalanche photodiode detector. The unprecedented energies reached in the LHC allow synchrotron light diagnostics to be used with both protons and heavy ions. The LDM is able to longitudinally profile the whole ring with a resolution close to the target of 50 ps. On-line correction for the effects of the detector deadtime, pile-up and afterpulsing allow a dynamic range of 105 to be achieved. The LDM operated during the 2010 lead ion run and during 2011 with protons. Measurements from both runs are presented in this contribution along with an analysis of the LDM performance and an outlook for future upgrades.
 
 
TUPC063 Energy Verification in Ion Beam Therapy proton, simulation, synchrotron, closed-orbit 1141
 
  • F. Moser
    ATI, Wien, Austria
  • M. Benedikt, U. Dorda
    EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
 
  Funding: Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research, CERN Technology Doctoral Student Program
The adoption of synchrotrons for medical applications necessitates a comprehensive on-line verification of all beam parameters, autonomous of common beam monitors. In particular for energy verification, the required precision of down to 0.1 MeV, in absolute terms, poses a special challenge regarding the betatron-core driven 3rd order extraction mechanism which is intended to be used at MedAustron. Two different energy verification options have been studied and their limiting factors were investigated: 1) A time-of-flight measurement inside the synchrotron, limited by the orbit circumference information and measurement duration as well as extraction uncertainties. 2) A calorimeter-style system in the extraction line, limited by radiation hardness and statistical fluctuations. The paper discusses in detail the benefits and specific aspects of each method.
 
 
TUPC065 Upgrade of the ISAC Time-of-flight System laser, ISAC, alignment, diagnostics 1147
 
  • V.A. Verzilov, J. Lassen, R.E. Laxdal, M. Marchetto
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
 
  The ISAC facility at TRIUMF produces stable and radioactive ion beams in a wide range of intensities and energies. The beam diagnostics was designed to support the beam delivery in every possible operating regime. Thus, the time-of-flight system is capable of measuring the beam velocity with accuracy of better than 0.1% at beam intensities from 1011 down to ~ 104 ions per second. It consists of three high resolution timing secondary electron emission monitors and has been in operation since 2006. Recently all three monitors were rebuilt with the aim to facilitate monitor alignment with respect to the beam. The system was also equipped with an UV laser that allows perform an accurate absolute calibration and monitor tuning with no beam present.  
 
TUPC066 Charged Particle Beam Profile Detector based on Yb-doped Optical Fibers radiation, proton, linac, laser 1150
 
  • C.S. Søndergaard
    Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
  • A. Baurichter, B.R. Nielsen
    Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge, Denmark
  • G. Boudreault
    Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • K. Hansen, D.V. Madsen, J. Rasmussen, B.F. Skipper
    Aarhus School of Engineering, Aarhus, Denmark
  • M. Kristensen
    Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  • S.P. Møller
    ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
  • A. Peters
    HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  Funding: The Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation, contract # 002-2005-1
A radiation robust, high dynamic range beam profile detector based on scintillating fibers will be presented. The beam profile detector has been developed for particle therapy type ion beams of multiple hundreds MeV/n in the intensity range from 105 to 109 ions/s as a simple and less expensive replacement for MWPC based detectors. Scintillating fibers are typically based on doped polymers, which are sensitive to radiation damage. Here we report on the advantage of using silica optical fibers doped with rare-earth elements for the purpose of detecting ionizing radiation. Specifically, we find that ytterbium doped fibers generate a strong emission signal in the near-infrared from the Yb3+ state when penetrated by ionizing radiation, and that the emission has a high resistance against the accumulated dose in the fiber. We demonstrate the use of such fibers in a beam profile detector for charged particle beams in medical applications (radionuclide production and hadron therapy); more generally they are a promising alternative for prolonged used in ionizing radiation, such as accelerator diagnostics equipment or space applications.
 
 
TUPC067 Simulations of Effects of Detector Materials and Geometry to the Beam Properties of Super-FRS simulation, diagnostics, extraction, antiproton 1153
 
  • M. Kalliokoski
    HIP, University of Helsinki, Finland
 
  The Super-FRS is a superconducting fragment separator that will be built as part of the FAIR facility. For the slow-extraction part of the beam diagnostics system a total of 32 detectors are needed for the beam monitoring, tracking and characterization of the produced ions. GEM-TPC detectors are planned to be used for the diagnostics at slow extraction mode of the separator*,**. The detectors will be placed in focal planes along the separator. Simulations have been made to study the effects of the detector materials and geometries in order minimize their influence to the performance of the separator. Results of the optimization using different simulation tools will be presented.
* F. Garcia et al., 2009 IEEE NSS Conference Record, Orlando, USA, N13-7 (2009).
** M. Kalliokoski et al., Proc. of IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan, p.888 (2010).
 
 
TUPC075 Diagnostic Devices for Beam Intensity Measurement at FAIR synchrotron, diagnostics, storage-ring, antiproton 1174
 
  • M. Schwickert, T. Hoffmann, F. Kurian, H. Reeg
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • R. Geithner, W. Vodel
    HIJ, Jena, Germany
  • R. Neubert, P. Seidel
    FSU Jena, Jena, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by EU, DITANET, Project No. ITN-2008-215080.
Precise determination of beam intensity is important for any accelerator facility. At FAIR, the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research presently in the planning phase at GSI, the requirements set by beam intensities in the various accelerators, storage rings and transport lines differ significantly. A set of beam diagnostic instruments is foreseen to detect the large variety of ion beams ranging from less than 104 antiprotons up to high intensity of 5·1011 uranium ions. This contribution presents an overview of destined current measurement devices, both intercepting, like scintillators, ionization chambers or secondary electron monitors, and non-intercepting current-transformer type devices. Ongoing developments are discussed for non-intercepting devices, i.e. a dc current transformer with large dynamic range and a cryogenic current comparator, purpose-built for the detection of lowest beam intensities at FAIR.
 
 
TUPC078 The Impact of the Duty Cycle on Gamma-particle Coincidence Measurements target, background, extraction, heavy-ion 1183
 
  • P.R. John, J. Leske, N. Pietralla
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: Supported by BMBF under 06DA9041I
Radioactive ion beam facilities deliver a great variety of different nuclei and thus open new possibilities for gamma-ray spectroscopy with radioactive isotopes. One of the challenges for the experimentalist is the high gamma background. To obtain nearly background-free spectra a gamma-particle coincidence measurement in inverse kinematics is well suited. Also for stable beams this method offers a lot of advantages. A crucial point for experimentalists for such kind of experiments is the duty cycle and the beam structure of the accelerator. For a typical set-up, the effect of the duty cycle and beam structure, e.g. resulting from different ion-sources, on data acquisition and thus the experiment will be shown from the experimentalist's point of view. The results will be discussed for selected accelerators, i.e. UNILAC (GSI, Germany), REX-ISOLDE (CERN, Switzerland) and ATLAS (ANL, USA).
 
 
TUPC082 Beam Current Measurements at the TSR Heidelberg pick-up, acceleration, electron, storage-ring 1195
 
  • M. Grieser, S.T. Artikova, K. Blaum, F. Laux, J. Ullrich
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  To conduct experiments using low energy ion beams at the TSR heavy ion storage ring, the beam deceleration process must be well understood. During deceleration of the beam the revolution frequency decreases, resulting in low current, which is difficult to measure with a common DC transformer. The number of particles in a bunch is determined by measuring the voltage signal in the time domain using a capacitive pick-up. If the ratio of bunch length and RF period does not change during the deceleration or acceleration, measuring the pick-up signal spectrum, where the signal is directly proportional to the number of particles in a bunch, is a more sensitive method. An alternative method is using a beam profile monitor (BPM) for determining the number of particles in the storage ring via ionization rate measurements of the residual gas. A summary of these different methods to determine the number of particles is presented.  
 
TUPC088 An Ionization Profile Monitor for the Determination of the FLASH and PITZ Beam Parameters electron, photon, vacuum, diagnostics 1212
 
  • J. Mießner, H.-J. Grabosch, M. Markert, R. Sternberger
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • A. Hofmann
    KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • K.I. Tiedtke
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  To operate FLASH (Free-electron LASer at Hamburg) successfully, accurate measurements of the photon beam parameters, like position and profile, are essential. The development of a specific Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) is one contribution to the photon beam diagnostics, and currently one horizontal and one vertical oriented IPM are installed at FLASH. The working principle of the IPM is based on the detection of ions generated by interactions of the photon beam with the residual gas, which is always present in the beam line. An essential advantage of this method is that the beam is not influenced by the IPM, so it is possible to analyze the beam parameters without beam destruction. Moreover, the monitor is able to determine the relative position and the spatial profile of the beam with the precision of a few um. In this poster, the design and first measurements with the IPM taken at FLASH are presented. A good measuring accuracy of the IPM is obtained. Moreover, first results of measurements at PITZ (PhotoInjector Testfacility at Zeuthen) are given for one vertical oriented IPM with a up to 25 MeV electron beam.  
 
TUPC096 Solid-state Marx Generator Driven Einzel Lens Chopper ECRIS, high-voltage, acceleration, extraction 1233
 
  • K. Takayama, T. Arai
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Adachi, K.W. Leo
    Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • A. Tokuchi
    Pulsed Power Japan Laboratory Ltd., Kusatsu-shi Shiga, Japan
 
  A new type of pulse chopper called an Einzel lens chopper* is described. The Einzel lens, placed immediately after an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, is driven by high-voltage pulses generated by a newly developed solid-state Marx generator. A rectangular negative barrier pulse-voltage is controlled in time. The barrier pulse is switched on only when a beam pulse is required. When the barrier pulse is off, the DC voltage across the Einzel lens reflects ions back upstream with almost zero velocity. The device has been actually used as a chopper for the KEK Digital Accelerator, which is a small-scale induction synchrotron employing no a large injector and capable of providing a wide variety of ions, has been constructed at KEK**. A He ion beam of 50 micro-ampere was chopped in 5 micro-sec with rise/fall time of 40 nsec.
* T.Adachi et al., “A Solid-State Marx Generator Driven Einzel Lens Chopper”, submitted to Appl. Phys. Lett.
** T. Iwashita et al., “KEK Digital Accelerator”, Phys. Rev. ST-AB, published in 2011.
 
 
TUPC105 Improvement of Beam Current Monitor with High Tc Current Sensor and SQUID at the RIBF cyclotron, linac, heavy-ion, ECR 1260
 
  • T. Watanabe, N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, Y. Sasaki
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
 
  A highly sensitive beam current (position) monitor with a high Tc (Critical Temperature) current sensor and a SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device), that is the HTc-SQUID monitor, has been developed for the RIBF (RI Beam Factory) in RIKEN. The purpose of our work is to measure the DC of high-energy heavy-ion beams nondestructively in such a way that the beams are diagnosed in real time and the beam current extracted from the cyclotron can be recorded without interrupting the beam user's experiments. Both the HTc magnetic shield and the HTc current sensor were dip-coated by thin layer of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (2223-phase, Tc=106 K) on 99.9 % MgO ceramic substrates. Unlike other existing facilities, all these HTS fabrications are cooled by a low-vibration pulse-tube refrigerator. These technologies enable us to downsize the system. As a result, 1 uA Xe beam intensity (50 MeV/u) was successfully measured with a 100 nA resolution. From last year, aiming at the higher resolution, improvement of the new HTc current sensor with two turn coils has been started. We will report the present status and the measurement results of the HTc-SQUID monitor.  
 
TUPC131 Overview of ESS Beam Loss Monitoring System beam-losses, proton, neutron, SRF 1329
 
  • L. Tchelidze, A. Jansson
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
 
  European Spallation Source (ESS) is a multi-MW proton linear accelerator that will be built in Lund, Sweden. Due to the high power of the machine, losses need to be minimized to avoid damaging the accelerator components and quenching superconducting magnets. Loss monitors have to be positioned all across the accelerator, so that they form a reliable protection system. A careful analysis of the loss nature for ESS is in progress to determine the locations for the loss detectors. This paper presents preliminary results of the simulations for the detector response functions, which are calculated for several different energies and incident angles of protons, at certain parts of the accelerator. A simple, baseline geometry configuration is used in the calculations. This paper also gives an overview of the considered ESS beam loss monitoring system. It describes the types of the detectors which are planned to be used at ESS, and discusses the number of detectors needed along different parts of the machine. As planned, a primary tool for measuring losses at ESS will be ionization chambers, the conceptual design of which is given in this paper based on the response time considerations.  
 
TUPC133 Instrumentation for the 12 GHz Stand-alone Test-stand to Test CLIC Acceleration Structures electron, vacuum, laser, diagnostics 1335
 
  • M. Jacewicz, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  • J.W. Kovermann
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Vacuum breakdown is one of the primary limitations in the design and construction of high energy accelerators operating with warm accelerating structures (ACS) such as CLIC linear collider because the mechanisms that cause the breakdown are still a mystery. The ongoing experimental work is trying to benchmark the theoretical models focusing on the physics of vacuum breakdown which is responsible for the observed discharges. The CLIC collaboration is preparing a dedicated 12 GHz test-stand to observe the characteristics of the RF discharges and their eroding effects on the ACS. The instrumentation for the test-stand must be versatile and allow for the conditioning of the ACS with measurements of the breakdown rates at different power levels as well as detection of the dark current and light emission directly relevant to breakdown physics. For that purpose we are developing 2 novel instruments. A pepper-pot chamber with an external magnetic spectrometer for measurement of the spatial and energy distributions of the electrons emitted from the ACS and an optical laser system for probing the ACS to observe the effect of a discharge on the transmitted light.  
 
TUPC147 A Micro-Channel Plate Based Gas Ionization Profile Monitor with Shaping Field Electrodes for the ISIS H Injector controls, vacuum, radiation, beam-losses 1371
 
  • P.G. Barnes, G.M. Cross, B.S. Drumm, S.A. Fisher, S.J. Payne, A. Pertica, C.C. Wilcox
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  Beam profile measurements within the ISIS H injector line are achieved using destructive devices such as moving wire scanners. To avoid damage to the wires, measurements are made with the injector operating on reduced power. This paper reports the development of a Micro-Channel Plate based profile monitor which allows beam measurements to be made under normal operating conditions. The monitor produces profiles by measuring the +ion current resulting from the interaction of the H beam with the surrounding residual gas. The 32 channel Micro-Channel Plate is mounted on a rotating arm to enable it to be positioned parallel to the beam for calibration (all channels then measure the same +ion current) and perpendicular to the beam for profile measurements. A 15kV drift field is used together with field shaping electrodes to ensure a flat electric field gradient across the monitor, thereby minimising distortion of the profile due to the electric field. This paper details all aspects of the design and construction of this profile monitor. Beam profiles are compared to previous wire scanner results. Shaping field upgrades are discussed to improve the longitudinal field shape.  
 
TUPC154 Commissioning of the Detection System for a Supersonic Gas-jets Based Transverse Beam Profile Monitor extraction, simulation, storage-ring, electron 1392
 
  • M. Putignano, D. Borrows, A. Intermite
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • M. Putignano, M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Work supported by STFC, the EU under GA-ITN-215080, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under VH-NG-328.
We present the commissioning results of the Micro-Channel-Plate (MCP) based, ion extraction and detection system currently in use for an experimental test stand aimed at demonstrating the operation of a least-interceptive transverse beam profile monitor based on a planar supersonic gas-jet. This monitoring design features least-interceptive operation under excellent vacuum conditions and provides fast acquisition of a fully bi-dimensional transverse profile. It bears application for ultra-low energy particle beams at future storage rings, but also for e.g. linacs at high currents and light source injectors. For instance, the Ultra-low energy Storage Ring (USR), part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Germany will store antiprotons at energies of 20-300 keV. In this contribution, we report numerical simulations and experimental results obtained by calibration of the detection system with a low energy electron beam to demonstrate a 1 mm imaging resolution only limited by recoiling ion drift.
 
 
TUPC162 Thin Foil-based Secondary Emission Monitor for Low Intensity, Low Energy Beam Profile Measurements antiproton, electron, proton, target 1413
 
  • J. Harasimowicz, J.-L. Fernández-Hernando, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • L. Cosentino, P. Finocchiaro, A. Pappalardo
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • J. Harasimowicz
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Work supported by STFC, the EU under GA-ITN-215080, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under VH-NG-328.
A secondary emission monitor (SEM) was developed for beam profile measurements at the Ultra-low energy Storage Ring (USR) that will be installed at the future Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany. The detector consists of an Aluminium foil on negative potential, a grounded mesh placed in front of the foil, a chevron type microchannel plate (MCP), a phosphor screen and a camera connected to a PC. Simulations of the optimized design together with experimental results with keV protons are presented in this contribution. In addition, the usability of the detector for low energy antiproton beam profile measurements is discussed.
 
 
TUPC166 Accelerator R&D in the QUASAR Group antiproton, storage-ring, extraction, diagnostics 1425
 
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Work supported by STFC, the EU under GA-PITN-215080, the Helmholtz Associations and GSI under VH-NG-328.
Since its start in 2007, the QUASAR Group’s research activities have grown considerably: Whilst the research program towards an ultra-low energy storage ring (USR) at the future facility for low-energy antiproton and ion research (FLAIR) is still the main research focus, developments of beam diagnostics tools for accelerators and lights sources, investigations into superconducting linear accelerators and medical applications, including the potential use of antiproton beams for cancer therapy purposes, widen the Group’s activities and international collaboration considerably. An overview of the QUASAR Group’s research achievements in accelerator science and technology to date is given in this contribution.
 
 
TUPS007 Construction and Test of a Cryocatcher Prototype for SIS100* vacuum, heavy-ion, controls, beam-losses 1527
 
  • L.H.J. Bozyk, D.H.H. Hoffmann
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • H. Kollmus, P.J. Spiller, M. Wengenroth
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: EU-FP-7 project COLMAT, FIAS
The main accelerator, SIS100, of the FAIR-facility will provide heavy ion beams of highest intensities. Ionization beam loss is the most important loss mechanism at operation with high intensity, intermediate charge state heavy ions. A special synchrotron design has been developed for SIS100, aiming for hundred percent control of ionization beam loss by means of a dedicated cold ion catcher system. To suppress dynamic vacuum effects, the cryo catcher system shall also provide a significantly reduced effective desorption yield. The construction and tests of a prototype cryo ion catcher is a workpackage of the EU-FP-7 project COLMAT. A prototype test setup including cryostat has been constructed, manufactured and tested at GSI under realistic conditions with heavy ion beams of the of the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18. The design and results are presented.
 
 
TUPS010 A Novel Approach in UHV Pumping of Accelerators: the NEXTorr® Pump vacuum, insertion, insertion-device, synchrotron 1536
 
  • P. Manini, A. Bonucci, L. Caruso, A. Conte, F. Siviero, L. Viale
    SAES Getters S.p.A., Lainate, Italy
 
  In spite of the large dimensions of accelerators, like synchrotrons or colliders, the space available for mounting UHV pumps is getting smaller, due to design constraints, service equipments, conductances, magnets, various instrumentations. This poses challenges to traditional UHV pump designs which are called to provide more pumping performances in smaller spaces. A radically new approach is here presented which can mitigate this issue. In this approach Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) and ion pumping technologies are properly combined and integrated in one single device, called NEXTorr®, having a unique design. In this pump, the getter cartridge acts as the main UHV pumping element, leaving to a small sputter ion pump the ancillary task of removing noble gases and methane, not pumped by the NEG. This design allows achieving large pumping speed in a very small package as well as delivering interesting pumping synergies. Main features of this new pump, including pumping tests, and example of applications will be reported, with a special focus to accelerators and high energy physics systems. Its impact in the design of vacuum systems for accelerators will also be discussed.  
 
TUPS011 Use of NEG Pumps to Ensure Long Term Performances of High Quantum Efficiency Photocathodes cathode, vacuum, photon, gun 1539
 
  • L. Monaco, P.M. Michelato, D. Sertore
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
  • P. Manini, F. Siviero
    SAES Getters S.p.A., Lainate, Italy
 
  Laser triggered photo-cathodes are key components of the electron sources of 4th generation light machines. However, they are very sensitive to the vacuum level and its composition. Photo-cathodes are usually prepared in UHV chamber and then transferred, keeping the extreme vacuum condition, to the operation sites. Since transportation/storage may last from several days to weeks, retaining UHV conditions is a fundamental task to the photocathode usage. In this paper the results obtained using a novel pumping approach are given. This approach is based on coupling a 20 l.s−1 ion getter pump with a Capacitorr® D100 Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) pump. Pressure of 2x10-11 mbar was achieved with the NEG pump after 2 days bake-out, as compared to 8x10-10 mbar achieved with the ion pump alone, after 7 days bake-out. Such pressure values were retained even in absence of power, due to the ability of the NEG to remove gases by chemical reaction. Long term monitoring of cathodes QEs was also carried out at different photon wavelengths over more than 6 months, showing no degradation of the photo-emissive film properties.  
 
TUPS017 The LHC Experimental Beam Pipe Neon Venting, Pumping and Conditioning injection, vacuum, monitoring, shielding 1557
 
  • V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, D. Calegari, J.M. Jimenez, G. Lanza, G. Schneider
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The experimental vacuum chambers of the four LHC experiments (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE) are mechanically optimized in order to be transparent to particles. In order to grant their mechanical stability and to avoid any overstress, every time there was a request for detector opening or closing and for working in the vicinity of the vacuum chamber, the experimental beam vacuum chambers have been vented to atmospheric pressure. Since the LHC start up a safety procedure has been applied to mechanically secure the four experimental beam pipes during each long technical stop. Ultra-pure neon was used to preserve at best the NEG pumping efficiency. Up to now more than 15 neon injections and pump down have been performed without detecting any reduction of the NEG efficiency. This paper describes the Gas Injection System performances and the main points of the venting and pumping procedure. Details of the experimental beam pipe vacuum recovery and conditioning are presented for each of the four LHC experiments (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE).  
 
TUPS018 Observations of Electron Cloud Effects with the LHC Vacuum System vacuum, electron, solenoid, simulation 1560
 
  • V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato, P. Cruikshank, B. Henrist, J.M. Jimenez, G. Lanza
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  In autumn 2010, during the LHC beam commissioning, electron-cloud effects producing pressure rise in common and single vacuum beam pipes, were observed. To understand the potential limitations for future operation, dedicated machine studies were performed with beams of 50 and 75 ns bunch spacing at energy of 450 GeV. In order to push further the LHC performances, a scrubbing run was held in spring 2011. This paper summarizes the vacuum observations made during these periods. The effects of bunch intensity and different filling schemes on the vacuum levels are discussed. Simulations taking into account the effective pumping speed at the location of the vacuum gauge are introduced. As a consequence, the different vacuum levels observed along the LHC ring could be explained. Finally, the results obtained during the scrubbing run are shown together with an estimation of pressure profiles during the 2011 run.  
 
TUPS021 Simulations and Vacuum Tests of a CLIC Accelerating Structure vacuum, simulation, cavity, damping 1569
 
  • C. Garion
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The Compact LInear Collider, under study, is based on room temperature high gradient structures. The vacuum specificities of these cavities are low conductance, large surface areas and a non-baked system. The main issue is to reach UHV conditions (typically 10-7 Pa) in a system where the residual vacuum is driven by water outgassing. A finite element model based on an analogy thermal/vacuum has been built to estimate the vacuum profile in an accelerating structure. Vacuum tests are carried out in a dedicated set-up, the vacuum performances of different configurations are presented and compared with the predictions.  
 
TUPS022 MedAustron Beam Vacuum System : From sources to Patient Treatment Rooms vacuum, synchrotron, instrumentation, dipole 1572
 
  • J.M. Jimenez, P. Cruikshank, L. Faisandel, W. Maan
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • T. Hauser, G. Hulla, P. Landrot, J. Wallner
    EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
 
  The MedAustron beam vacuum system is a complex system integrating different technical solutions from the source to the patient treatment rooms. The specified vacuum performances combined with the challenging integration issues require technical compromise which will be presented in this poster. The status of the design of the vacuum system will be reviewed and the pending issues will be explained.  
 
TUPS027 Characterization of Carbon Coatings with Low Secondary Electron Yield electron, vacuum, cryogenics, gun 1587
 
  • C. Yin Vallgren, S. Calatroni, P. Costa Pinto, A. Kuzucan, H. Neupert, M. Taborelli
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings can reliably be produced with a maximum secondary electron yield (SEY) close to 1 at room temperature. Measurements at low temperature (LHe) are in progress. Analysis by X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) shows a correlation between the lineshape of C1s spectrum in XPS and maximum SEY of the investigated samples. The initial level of oxygen on the surface of the various samples does not seem to be related to the initial maximum SEY value. However, the increase of the SEY with air exposure time on each individual sample is related to the amount of oxygen containing adsorbates. Storage in different environments has been investigated (static vacuum, aluminum foil, dry nitrogen and desiccators) and shows significant differences in the “aging” behavior. Aging is very moderate when storing samples wrapped in aluminum foil in air. Samples which have undergone aging due to inappropriate storage can be recovered nearly to the initial value of the SEY by typical surface treatments as ion bombardment, annealing under vacuum and conditioning by electron beam. However, an enhanced sensitivity to air exposures is observed for most of these curing methods.  
 
TUPS030 Manufacturing and Vacuum Testing of Aluminum Bending Chambers for TPS vacuum, photon, synchrotron, electron 1596
 
  • Y.C. Yang, C.K. Chan, C.-C. Chang, C.L. Chen, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, T.Y. Lee
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
 
  The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is an aluminum alloy vacuum system with 518.4 m circumference divided into 24 sections. A6061T6 aluminum alloy material is used for TPS bending chambers. Each aluminum bending chamber is component of 2 half plates, about 3.5~4.2 m in length and~0.6 m in width, were oil-free CNC machined, ozone cleaned, and TIG welding in clean room. The deformation < 0.1 mm and leakage rate < 2x10-9mbar. L/s for each welded bending chamber has inspected and achieved. A bending chamber is inspecting the thermal outgassing rate test and ultimate pressure. The manufacturing and vacuum test will be described in this paper.  
 
TUPS032 Overview of EuCARD Accelerator and Material Research at GSI collimation, radiation, heavy-ion, quadrupole 1602
 
  • J. Stadlmann, H. Kollmus, E. Mustafin, N. Pyka, P.J. Spiller, I. Strašík, N.A. Tahir, M. Tomut, C. Trautmann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • L.H.J. Bozyk
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: EuCARD is co-funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 227579
EuCARD is a joined accelerator R&D initiative funded by the EU. Within this program, GSI Darmstadt is performing R&D on materials for accelerators and collimators in WP8(ColMat). GSI covers prototyping and testing of a cryogenic ion catcher for FAIR's main synchrotron SIS100, simulations and studies on activation of accelerator components e.g. halo collimatiors as well as irradiation experiments on materials foreseen to be used in FAIR accelerators and the LHC upgrade program. Carbon-carbon composites, silicon carbide and copper-diamond composite samples have been irradiated with heavy ions at various GSI beamlines and their radiation induced property changes were characterized. Numerical simulations on the possible damage by LHC and SPS beams to different targets have been performed. Simulations and modelling of activation and long term radiation induced damage to accelerator components have started. A prototype ion catcher has been built and first experiments have been performed in 2011. New collaborations with other institutes and industry in the EuCARD framework have been established and findings of the joined R&D effort influence decisions in the FAIR project and LHC upgrade.
 
 
TUPS038 Design of a Beam Dump for 3 to 100 MeV for the New H Beam in the CERN Linac4 linac, vacuum, proton, radiation 1620
 
  • C. Maglioni
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  In this paper the design of a beam dump for the energy range from 3 to 100 MeV is reported. The dump is developed as temporary dump for the commissioning phase of the Linac4 Project, under construction at CERN, and will be installed in different periods to withstand a beam of different intensities and energies, following the chronological assembly of the linac. The dump design and its functionalities, as well as material choice, criticalities and cooling system are described. Finally, the results from the numerical and analytical thermo-mechanical analyses are reported, while the use of the dump also at 160 MeV is investigated.  
 
TUPS044 Recent Developments on the IFMIF/EVEDA Beam Dump Cooling Circuit background, extraction 1632
 
  • M. Parro, F. Arranz, B. Brañas, D. Iglesias, D. Rapisarda
    CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
 
  During the IFMIF/EVEDA activities a conical dump made of copper has been designed to stop the 125 mA, 9 MeV, D+ beam. This element will receive a total power of ~1 MW. It is cooled by a high velocity water flow that circulates through an annular channel along the outer surface of the cone. The coolant composition must be defined taking into account corrosion and erosion phenomena. Also, as important neutron and gamma fluxes are generated in the beam stop, the activation of corrosion products and the water radiolysis must be considered. During commissioning of the accelerator, pulsed beams with low duty cycle will be used and therefore the power will be significantly lower than the nominal one. With the double aim of minimizing erosion and of reproducing the full power margin to local boiling (used as safety interlock) it is planned to use flows lower than the nominal one. This work will present the different operation scenarios and the coolant composition choice performed.  
 
TUPS058 HiRadMat: A New Irradiation Facility for Material Testing at CERN proton, target, vacuum, radiation 1665
 
  • I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Evrard, H. Gaillard, D. Grenier, C. Heßler, M. Meddahi, A. Pardons, C. Theis, P. Trilhe, H. Vincke
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • N. Charitonidis
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
 
  HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a new facility under construction at CERN designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies can be tested. The facility uses a 440 GeV proton beam extracted from the CERN SPS with a pulse length of 7.2 μs,  to a maximum pulse energy of 3.4 MJ. In addition to protons, ion beams with an energy of  173.5 GeV/nucleon and a total pulse energy of 21 kJ can be used. The facility is expected to become operational in autumn 2011. The first tests will include candidate materials and prototype assemblies of LHC collimators foreseen to operate at the ultimate LHC beam powers. Experiments on beam windows and high-power target material options, such as tungsten powder, are also planned. The paper will describe the layout and design parameters for the facility and the way experiments can be operated. Ideas on online and post-irradiation tests and instrumentation will be outlined.  
 
TUPS059 SPS WANF Dismantling: A Large Scale-Decommissioning Project at CERN radiation, shielding, target, feedback 1668
 
  • S. Evrard, Y. Algoet, N. Conan, D. DePaoli, I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Fumey, H. Gaillard, J.L. Grenard, D. Grenier, A. Pardons, E. Paulat, Y.D.R. Seraphin, M. Tavlet, C. Theis, H. Vincke
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The operation of the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) West Area Neutrino Facility (WANF) was halted in 1998. In 2010 a large scale-decommissioning of this facility was conducted. Besides CERN’s commitment to remove non-operational facilities, the additional motivation was the use of the installation (underground tunnels and available infrastructure) for the new HiRadMat facility, which is designed to study the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams on accelerator components and materials. The removal of 800 tons of radioactive equipment and the waste management according to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles were two major challenges. This paper describes the solutions implemented and the lessons learnt confirming that the decommissioning phase of a particle accelerator must be carefully studied as from the design stage.  
 
TUPS065 Design of the De-ionized Water Treatment for Taiwan Photon Source controls, status, storage-ring, photon 1686
 
  • Z.-D. Tsai, W.S. Chan, C.K. Kuan
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
 
  This work presents the water treatment design of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The system design is influenced by supplied water quality, water quantity and the selected process scheme. The system is composed of a pretreatment, make-up, and points-of-use filtration systems. The pretreatment system consists of an active carbon tower, a normally cartridge filter and a reversed osmosis (RO) unit. Furthermore, the make-up system consists of an ultraviolent (UV) TOC reduction unit and a ion-exchange resin unit. Following the water treatment process, the proposed system can provide high quality de-ionized water whose resistivity is better than 10 MΩ-cm at 25±0.1 degree C and dissolved oxygen is less than 10 ppb.  
 
TUPS070 An Experiment at HiRadMat: Irradiation of High-Z Materials target, simulation, proton, collider 1698
 
  • J. Blanco, C. Maglioni, R. Schmidt
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • N.A. Tahir
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Calculations of the impact of dense high intensity proton beams at SPS and LHC into material have been presented in several papers*,**,***. This paper presents the plans for an experiment to validate the theoretical results with experimental data. The experiment will be performed at the High Radiation to Materials (HiRadMat) facility at the CERN-SPS. The HiRadMat facility is dedicated to shock beam impact experiments. It allows testing of accelerator components with respect to the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams. It will provide a 440 GeV proton beam with a focal size down to 0.1 mm, thus providing very dense beam (energy/cross section). The transversal profile of the beam is considered to be Gaussian with a tunable σ from 0.1 mm to 2 mm. This facility will allow to study “high energy density” physics as the energy density will be high enough to create strong coupled plasma in the core of high-Z materials (copper, tungsten) and to produce strong enough shock waves to create a density depletion channel along the beam axis (tunneling effect). The paper introduces the layout of the experiment and the monitoring system to detect tunneling of protons through the target.
* N.A.Tahir et al. HB2010 Proc., Morschach, Switzerland.
** N.A.Tahir et al. NIMA 606(1-2) 2009 186.
*** N.A.Tahir et al. 11th EPAC, Genoa, Italy, 2008, WEPP073.
 
 
TUPS072 Performance of the Arc Detectors of LHC High Power RF System radiation, cavity, klystron, plasma 1704
 
  • D. Valuch, O. Brunner, N. Schwerg
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  During operation, the LHC high power RF equipment, such as klystrons, circulators, waveguides and couplers have to be protected from damage caused by electromagnetic discharges. Once ignited these arcs grow over the full height of the waveguide and travel towards the RF source. The burning plasma can cause serious damage to the metal surfaces or ferrite materials. The LHC arc detector system is based on the optical detection of the discharge through small apertures in the waveguide walls. The light is guided by means of an optical fibre from the view port to a photo diode. Experience shows that some of the currently used optical fibers suffer from x-ray induced opacity. The sensors are also exposed to the radiation produced by secondary showers coming from the high intensity beams which, if not treated properly, can cause frequent spurious trips. In the second half of the paper we presents a number of improvements to the design. Measurements with optical parameters from real arcs and a fiber-less version of the detector with redundant detectors for critical environments.  
 
TUPS075 Experimental determination of impedance and delay time of the 100 Ω meander transmission line for the SPIRAL2 Single Bunch Selector impedance, simulation, single-bunch, site 1710
 
  • M. Di Giacomo
    GANIL, Caen, France
  • P. Balleyguier
    CEA/DAM/DPTA/SP2A, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
  • A.C. Caruso, F. Consoli
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • A. Longhitano
    ALTEK, San Gregorio (CATANIA), Italy
 
  The Spiral2 driver requires a Single Bunch Selector to reduce the bunch repetition rate at the experimental targets. A 100 Ω meander line is used in the beta 0.04 medium energy line of the Spiral2 driver. The non standard characteristic impedance figure helps to reduce the pulsed power but introduces the problem of calibrated measurements. The paper describes the results of the different methods used to measure the impedance and the delay of the electrodes.  
 
TUPS077 Shaping of Ion Pulses from an Electron Beam Ion Source for Particle Injection into Accelerators electron, ion-source, proton, injection 1716
 
  • F. Ullmann, A. Schwan
    DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
  • U. Hagen, O. Heid, H. von Jagwitz
    Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany
  • G. Zschornack
    Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany
 
  Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) provide highly charged ions for many applications, amongst others for particle injection into accelerators. Although EBISs are limited in ion output they feature a lot of advantages which qualify them for accelerator injection. The ion pulses extracted from the ion sources can be directly injected into an accelerator sequence which however requires ion pulses with distinct shape and length. We present the production of ion pulses matching the requirements of particle injection. The ions are produced by trapping in a high density electron beam for a certain time with electrostatic potentials providing for their axial trapping. The ions are extracted by lowering the trapping potential, i.e. opening the trap. Due to the ion energy distribution within the trapping region ion extraction can be controlled by controlling the trapping potential. A specific time dependent control mode of the trapping potential thus allows to produce ion pulses with designated shape and length. Source parameters such as working gas pressure, electron beam current and energy are influencing the energy distribution of the ions which in turn is influencing pulse shaping.  
 
TUPS078 Electron Beam Ion Sources – A New Access for Particle Acceleration electron, ion-source, emittance, injection 1719
 
  • F. Ullmann, F. Grossmann, V.P. Ovsyannikov, A. Schwan
    DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
  • G. Zschornack
    Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany
 
  Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) produce highly charged ions in a high density electron beam. Due to their operational principle EBISs have a lot of advantages although limited in ion output. Since the radial source region is given by a narrow electron beam the extracted ion beam features a very low transversal emittance. Moreover, the ions are ionized by a monoenergetic electron beam resulting in a small variation of the ion energy distribution, and thus in a very low longitudinal emittance. Together with a low basis pressure of less than 10-9 mbar this result in a high quality ion beam. The ions can be extracted as continuous beam as well as ion pulses with distinct pulse shapes. Providing almost any element with any charge state of up to completely ionized ions gives a large number of different projectiles and kinetic energies. The use of EBISs whether based on permanent magnets or on cryogen-free superconducting magnets has been proven in a variety of fields and applications. In addition, their compact design makes them transportable, low in operational costs, and guarantee easy handling.  
 
TUPS079 Construction of a Novel Compact High Voltage Electrostatic Accelerator high-voltage, vacuum, target, ion-source 1722
 
  • P. Beasley, O. Heid
    Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany
 
  A compact demonstrator system based on a Cockcroft-Walton (or Greinacher) cascade has been successfully built and tested. The concept has been developed using modern materials and a different design philosophy, which in turn can then enable this novel configuration to operate at much higher voltage gradients. This paper explores the progress made over the past 18 months and future plans to utilise the technology to develop one such concept for an energy efficient 10MV, 100μA, tandem proton accelerator, with a <2m2 footprint. The development of such a compact high voltage particle accelerator, with high current capability has the potential to access a wide range of commercial opportunities outside the laboratory.  
 
TUPS080 Low Energy Bunching with a Double Gap RF Buncher bunching, ion-source, proton, injection 1725
 
  • H. von Jagwitz, U. Hagen, O. Heid, S. Setzer
    Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
 
  A compact double gap bunching system for low energy proton beams is presented. The system is designed for the bunching of a low current proton beam (less than 50μA) with an energy of 10 keV. The buncher operates at 150 MHz and bunches without significantly changing the beam energy. The beam is generated by an Electron Beam Ion Source and has to be bunched for the subsequent acceleration in a 150 MHz linear accelerator. The buncher contains two short gaps and an RF electrode inbetween. Thus the full length of the buncher in the beamline is in the range of 2 cm. The location of the bunch focus depends on the buncher power. The bunched beam was analysed at a distance of 550 mm with a fast faraday cup. The bunching effectivity was determined as 50%, which means that 50% of the protons of the beam were located in bunches with a width of 60°, which is a reasonable value of acceptance for a conventional accelerator cavity. Some theory and detailed results will be presented.  
 
TUPS082 The LEBT Chopper for the Spiral 2 Project controls, vacuum, high-voltage, target 1731
 
  • A.C. Caruso, F. Consoli, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • M. Di Giacomo
    GANIL, Caen, France
  • A. Longhitano
    ALTEK, San Gregorio (CATANIA), Italy
 
  The Spiral 2 driver uses a slow chopper situated in the common section of the low energy beam transport line to change the beam intensity, to cut off the beam in case of critical loss and to avoid hitting the wheel structure of rotating targets. The device has to work up to 10 kV, 1 kHz repetition frequency rate and its design is based on standard power circuits, custom alarm board and vacuum feed-through. The paper summarizes the design principles and describes the test results of the final device which has been installed on the beam line test bench.  
 
TUPS088 Charge Stripping of Uranium-238 Ion Beam with Low-Z Gas Stripper cyclotron, target, vacuum, acceleration 1746
 
  • H. Imao
    RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
  • N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, H. Okuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
 
  One of the primary goals of the RIKEN RI beam factory is to generate unprecedented high-power uranium beams (up to tens kW), which yield an enormous breakthrough for exploring new domains of the nuclear chart. The development of reliable and efficient charge stripping scheme for such high-power beams is a key unsolved issue, affecting the overall performance of the heavy ion accelerations. A charge stripper using low-Z (low atomic number Z) gas is an important candidate. Because of the suppression of the electron capture process, the high equilibrium mean charge states for the low-Z gas stripper are expected in conjunction with the intrinsic robustness of the gas. There was, however, no direct experimental data of the charge evolution, because of the difficulty in making massive windowless low-Z gas targets. In the present work, the charge evolution of the 238U beams injected at 10.75 MeV/u were investigated using thick hydrogen and helium gas strippers with huge differential pumping system newly developed. In the energy region of interest, near 10 MeV/u, achievable mean charge states around 65+ with the low-Z gas strippers are far superior to those of the medium-Z ones around 55+.  
 
TUPS090 Operation Status of SECRAL at IMP plasma, ECR, ion-source, solenoid 1750
 
  • W. Lu, Y. Cao
    Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • Y.C. Feng, X.H. Guo, W. Lu, L.T. Sun, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
 
  SECRAL (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou) is a fully superconducting ECR ion source built in 2005 with an innovative solenoid-inside-sextupole structure. Since then it has delivered many highly-charged ion beams for HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) at IMP (Institute of Modern Physics), such as Xe27+,Kr19+,Bi36+ and Ni19+, and its on-line operating time increases year by year. By January 2011, the operation time of SECRAL has totaled up to 5700 hours. The increasing demand for intensive highly-charged ion beams has lead to the continuous enhancement of the SECRAL. To meet the requirement for stable highly-charged metallic ion beams, double-frequency of 18 GHz + 24 GHz heating with an off-axis oven had been carried out in 2010. 60-80 euA of Bi36+ were produced at microwave power of about 2 kW and had been delivered continuously to HIRFL for about 10 days without any breakdowns. A number of improvements were planned to further improve the long-term stability of metallic ion beams.  
 
TUPS097 In-situ Experiments of Vacuum Discharge using Scanning Electron Microscopes electron, vacuum, site, high-voltage 1765
 
  • T. Muranaka, V.G. Ziemann
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  • T. Blom, K. Leifer
    Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the 7th European Framework Program EuCARD under grant number 227579
Fundamental understandings of vacuum discharge mechanisms and involving surface damage is an indispensable for CLIC feasibility study. We have been conducting dc experiments inside a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at Uppsala university in order to investigate localised breakdown phenomena. By using a SEM, we achieve the resolution of the electron probe in the few-nm range, which is of great advantage as the surface roughness of the polished accelerating structures is in the same scale. The high accelerating field of 1 GV/m is realised by biasing an electrode with 1 kV set above the sample with a gap of sub μm. Furthermore, a second SEM equipped with a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) is used to modify the topography of sample surfaces thus the geometrical dependence of field emissions and vacuum discharges could be studied. The FIB can be used for the surface damage analysis as well. We have demonstrated subsurface damage observations by using FIB to sputter a rectangular recess into the sample in the breakdown region. Those powerful surface analysis techniques can be productively applied to the study of fatigue in prototype accelerating structures.
 
 
TUPS104 A Two Stage Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers rfq, proton, neutron, ion-source 1786
 
  • M.A. Clarke-Gayther
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  The Front End Test Stand (FETS) project at RAL will test a two stage fast beam chopper, designed to address the requirements of high power proton drivers for next generation spallation sources, neutrino factories, and radioactive waste transmutation plants. A description is given of the status of development of the proposed two stage beam chopper. The results of a recent study on the dimensional optimisation of the proposed slow-wave structures, together with details of an updated beam line configuration for the chopper components, will be presented.  
 
TUPS105 Beam Brightness Booster with Self-Stabilization of Electron-Proton Instability electron, brightness, space-charge, proton 1789
 
  • V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt
    Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
 
  The brightness and intensity of a circulating proton beam now can be increased up to the space charge tune shift limit by means of charge exchange injection or by electron cooling but cannot be increased above this limit. Significantly higher brightness can be produced by means of charge exchange injection with space charge compensation*. The brightness of the space charge compensated beam is limited at low level by an electron-proton (e-p) instability. Fortunately, the e-p instability can be self-stabilized at a high beam density. The “cesiation effect” significantly increases negative ion emission from gas discharges, and surface-plasma sources for intense high brightness negative ion beam production have been developed. These developments make it possible to produce stable “superintense” circulating beams with intensity and brightness far above the space charge limit. A beam brightness booster (BBB) for significant increases of accumulated beam brightness is discussed. Superintense beam production can be simplified by developing a nonlinear nearly-integrable focusing system with broad betatron tune spread and a broadband feedback system for e-p instability suppression.
* M. Reiser, “Theory and Design of Charged Particle Beam”, second edition, p. 565-570, Wiley-VCH, (2006).
 
 
TUPZ004 The NICA Facility in Polarized Proton Operation Mode collider, proton, injection, booster 1804
 
  • A.D. Kovalenko, N.N. Agapov, Y. Filatov, V.D. Kekelidze, R.I. Lednicky, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhaylov, A.O. Sidorin, A. Sorin, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Basic goal of the planned NICA facility at JINR is focused on the studying of heavy ion collisions over the energy range √s ~ 4…11 GeV/u. Capabilities of the proposed scheme were carefully analyzed in this case and reaching of the desired average luminosity, L = 1·1027 cm-2 s−1 for gold-gold collisions at √s = 9 GeV/u, have been confirmed. The other important NICA research domain is the experiments with polarized proton beams at the highest possible energy, the highest luminosity and polarization degree as well. The main aim is to provide √s ~ 25 GeV and L ~ 1·1031 cm-2 s−1. The unsolved aspects of the problem are discussed, possible solutions are analyzed and necessary modifications of the NICA scheme are considered as well.  
 
TUPZ005 Design of the NICA Collider Rings collider, luminosity, lattice, betatron 1807
 
  • O.S. Kozlov, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, N.D. Topilin, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is a new accelerator complex being constructed at JINR aimed to provide the collider experiments with ion-ion (Au79+) and ion-proton collisions at the energy range of 1-4.5 GeV/n and also the collisions of polarized proton-proton and deuteron-deuteron beams. Superconducting collider rings accumulate beam injected from Nuclotron and realize the conditions for beam-beam interactions to achieve the required luminosity. Each ring has the racetrack shape with two arcs and two long straight sections. Its circumference is about 500 m. The collider lattice design is subjected to have possibility of the gamma transition variation, mainly by the arcs retuning. The long straight sections contain the most of the insertion devices and are matched to the arcs, optimized to provide the final focusing of the beams in IP and accurate betatron tune adjustment.  
 
TUPZ007 First Ion Collimation Commissioning Results at the LHC collimation, betatron, simulation, proton 1813
 
  • G. Bellodi, R.W. Assmann, R. Bruce, M. Cauchi, J.M. Jowett, G. Valentino, D. Wollmann
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  First commissioning of the LHC Pb ion beams to 1.38 A TeV energy was successfully achieved in November 2010. Ion collimation has been predicted to be less efficient than for protons at the LHC, because of the complexity of the physical processes involved: nuclear fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation in the primary collimators creating fragments with a wide range of Z/A ratios, that are not intercepted by the secondary collimators but lost in the dispersion suppressor sections of the ring. In this article we present first comparisons of measured loss maps with theoretical predictions from simulation runs with the ICOSIM code. An extrapolation to define the ultimate intensity limit for Pb beams is attempted. The scope of possible improvements in collimation efficiency coming from the installation of new collimators in the cold dispersion suppressors and combined betatron and momentum cleaning is also explored.  
 
TUPZ016 First Run of the LHC as a Heavy-ion Collider luminosity, proton, heavy-ion, injection 1837
 
  • J.M. Jowett, G. Arduini, R.W. Assmann, P. Baudrenghien, C. Carli, M. Lamont, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, J.A. Uythoven, W. Venturini Delsolaro, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  A year of LHC operation typically consists of an extended run with colliding protons, ending with a month in which the LHC has to switch to its second role as a heavy ion collider and provide a useful integrated luminosity to three experiments. The first such run in November 2010 demonstrated that this is feasible. Commissioning was extremely rapid, with collisions of Pb nuclei achieved within 55 h of first injection. Stable beams for physics data-taking were declared a little over one day later and the final integrated luminosity substantially exceeded expectations.  
 
TUPZ017 Luminosity and Beam Parameter Evolution for Lead Ion Beams in the LHC luminosity, emittance, simulation, heavy-ion 1840
 
  • J.M. Jowett, R. Bruce, T. Mertens
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Heavy ion beams in the LHC are subject to strong blow-up and debunching effects from intra-beam scattering and luminosity-driven beam losses. The large nuclear charge is at the origin of these effects, both in the cross sections for simple Coulomb scattering and the ultraperipheral interactions occurring in the collisions. We compare predictions from our models with data on luminosity, beam size and intensity evolution from the first heavy ion run of the LHC. This analysis has to take account of the varying capabilities of the LHC beam instrumentation between injection and collision energies.  
 
TUPZ034 Impact of Arc Phase Advance on Chromatic Optics in RHIC optics, quadrupole, injection, proton 1885
 
  • R. Calaga, R. Miyamoto, G. Robert-Demolaize, S.M. White
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • R. De Maria, R. Tomás
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • G. Vanbavinckhove
    NIKHEF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
 
  Funding: This work is partially supported by the US Department of Energy through the LHC Accelerator Research program (LARP).
The phase advance between the two interaction points in RHIC is optimized for dynamic aperture for a initial design beta-star. This may not hold true as RHIC presently operates with a considerably reduced beta-star. Additionally the reduction of the available beam aperture due to an enlarged chromatic beta-beating is evident. Results from phase advance scans between the two IPs to reduce the chromatic beta-beating in model and measurements are presented. Impact on the single beam lifetime and momentum aperture is compared to the nominal optics.
 
 
TUPZ037 Momentum Aperture for the Low Beta* Lattices in RHIC Au-Au Runs lattice, dynamic-aperture, heavy-ion, beam-losses 1891
 
  • Y. Luo, K.A. Brown, W. Fischer, X. Gu, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In this article we calculate the momentum apertures with the low beta* lattices of 100 GeV RHIC Au-Au run. With RF re-bucketing, the maximum off-momentum spread reaches 1.7 ·10-03 at store. To improve the momentum aperture, we need to reduce the nonlinear chromaticities. The methods to correct second order chromaticities in RHIC rings are presented. We also scan beta* at IP6 and IP8 and working point. The challenges to further reduce beta* in the RHIC Au-Au operation are discussed.
 
 
TUPZ038 RHIC Performance for FY2011 Au+Au Heavy Ion Run luminosity, cavity, feedback, heavy-ion 1894
 
  • G.J. Marr, L. A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Following the Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 (Run-10) Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Au+Au run [1], RHIC experiment upgrades sought to improve detector capabilities. In turn, accelerator improvements were made to improve the luminosity available to the experiments for this run (Run-11). These improvements included: a redesign of the stochastic cooling systems for improved reliability; a relocation of “common” RF cavities to alleviate intensity limits due to beam loading; and an improved usage of feedback systems to control orbit, tune and coupling during energy ramps as well as while colliding at top energy. We present an overview of changes to the Collider and review the performance of the collider with respect to instantaneous and integrated luminosity goals.
 
 
WEYA01 Progress of the SPIRAL2 Project ion-source, target, neutron, rfq 1912
 
  • E. Petit
    GANIL, Caen, France
 
  The progress of the SPIRAL2 project, the R&D and tests of the key components should be reviewed together with the main challenges for the beam production.  
slides icon Slides WEYA01 [9.313 MB]  
 
WEOBA02 KEK Digital Accelerator and its Beam Commissioning injection, acceleration, induction, kicker 1920
 
  • K. Takayama, T. Arai, Y. Arakida, M. Hasimoto, T. Iwashita, E. Kadokura, T. Kawakubo, T. Kubo, H. Nakanishi, K. Okamura, H. Someya, A. Takagi, M. Wake
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Adachi, K.W. Leo
    Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • K. Okazaki
    Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan
 
  The digital accelerator (DA), which is a small-scale induction synchrotron no requiring a high-energy injector accelerator and capable of providing a wide variety of ions, has been constructed at KEK*. Since the last winter beam commissioning has been carried out. Preliminary results of the beam commissioning experiment as well as the accelerator itself will be presented at the conference. The KEK-DA consists of a 200 kV high voltage terminal, in which an ECRIS is embedded, 15 m long LEBT, electro-static injection kicker, and a 10 Hz rapid cycle synchrotron, which is the recycle use of the former 500 MeV Booster synchrotron. An ion pulse, which is chopped in 5 μs by the newly developed Marx generator driven chopper**, is guided through the LEBT and injected by the electrostatic kicker, which is turned off before the injected ion pulse completes the first turn. Then the ion pulse is captured with a pair of barrier voltages and accelerated with the induction acceleration voltage through a full acceleration period. Beam commissioning has been started with a He1+ ion beam of 50 micro-ampere. Beam commissioning of other ions such as C, N, O, Ne, and Ar will be expected.
* T. Iwashita et al., “KEK Digital Accelerator”, Phys. Rev. ST-AB, published in 2011.
** T.Adachi et al., “A Solid-State Marx Generator Driven Einzel Lens Chopper”, these proceedings.
 
slides icon Slides WEOBA02 [4.268 MB]  
 
WEIB04 Accelertor-based Mega-science Projects in China and Their Impact on Economy linac, vacuum, electron, radiation 1986
 
  • C. Zhang
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
 
  Along with the rapid development of national economy in China, a number of accelerator based mega-science projects were constructed, such as the Beijing Electron-Positron Colliders (BEPC) and its major upgrade project (BEPCII), the Hefei Light Source (HLS), the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) and its Cooling Storage Rings (HIEFL-CSR), the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and the Dragon-I induction linac. The Beijing Radioactive Ion Facility (BRIF) and the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) are under construction. In this paper, China’s accelerator projects are briefly reviewed and applications of accelerators are reported. The paper emphasizes spinoff of the accelerator technology developed during R&D and construction of the projects. Collaboration between academia and industry on the projects are described. With some examples, the benefits experienced in the laboratory-industry collaboration and approach of its economic impact are illustrated.  
slides icon Slides WEIB04 [14.012 MB]  
 
WEPC009 Design of an Antiproton Injection and Matching Beam Line for the AD Recycler Ring antiproton, acceleration, injection, quadrupole 2019
 
  • O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
  • O. Karamyshev, A.I. Papash
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Work supported by STFC, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under contract VH-NG.328.
A small antiproton recycler ring (AD-Rec) for use in the MUSASHI beamline at the CERN AD has been designed by the QUASAR Group for operation at energies between 3 and 30 keV. A highly efficient beam line for capturing the beam after extraction from the trap, transporting and injecting it into the AD Rec is very important to minimize losses and full the ring up to its space charge limit. In this contribution, the beam optical and mechanical design of the injector is presented.
 
 
WEPC010 Investigations into Efficient Extraction and Acceleration of Beams from Ion Traps antiproton, extraction, emittance, injection 2022
 
  • O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
  • O. Karamyshev, A.I. Papash
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Work supported by STFC, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under contract VH-NG.328
A number of exotic ion species, such as for example radioactive isotopes or antiprotons, are highly desirable at very low energies of some tens of keV for fundamental studies. In order to obtain cooled beams with low emittance and low momentum spread, these particles are often first captured in an ion trap, cooled and then extracted and accelerated before being used in experiments. The extraction mechanism and subsequent beam handling impacts critically on the final beam quality. In this contribnution, an optimized scheme for efficient beam extraction and acceleration from ion traps is presented. Field maps from different existing ion trap setups, such as for example the Musashi trap at CERN, are used as a basis for simulation studies into the beam dynamics. Input and final beam emittances are analyzed as a function of the extraction and acceleration field geometries and the performance of different possible scenarios is directly compared.
 
 
WEPC011 Ion Optical Design of the Low Energy Ion Beam Facility at IUAC optics, ECR, quadrupole, target 2025
 
  • A. Mandal, D. Kanjilal, S. Kumar, G. Rodrigues
    IUAC, New Delhi, India
 
  A Low Energy Ion Beam Facility (LEIBF) using fully permanent magnet ECR ion source (Nanogan) has been installed at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi for fundamental research on Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Material Science. The accelerator consists of an ECR ion source, 400 kV accelerating column and an analyzing-cum switching magnet with three beam ports at 75, 90 and 105 degrees. The complete ion optics from ECR ion source to the target has been simulated using TRANSPORT* and GICOSY** ion optics codes. The ions from the ECR source are typically extracted at 15 kV which are further accelerated by 400 kV accelerating column. The analyzing cum switching magnet has been designed to analyze different beams and to switch in a particular beam line. It is a H shaped dipole magnet having pole gap of 65 mm, maximum magnetic field of 1.5 T and radius of 529 mm for 90 degree bend. The entrance and exit edge angles for three beam lines have been optimized to obtain double focus in all beam lines. The beam is further transported to target locations using electrostatic quadrupole triplet. The details of ion optics will be presented in the paper.
* K.L. Brown, D.C. Carey, Ch. Iselin and F. Rothacker: Transport, See yellow reports CERN 73-16 (1973) & CERN 80-04 (1980).
** H.Weick, GICOSY homepage, http://www-linux.gsi.de/~weick/gicosy/.
 
 
WEPC023 Beam Dynamics Simulations for the ESS-Bilbao H Ion Source extraction, simulation, ion-source, emittance 2052
 
  • I. Bustinduy, F.J. Bermejo, D. Fernandez-Cañoto, J.L. Munoz, I. Rodríguez
    ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
  • M. Eguiraun, J. Feuchtwanger, Z. Izaola
    ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
 
  Simulations are performed for the Ion Source Test Stand (ITUR) of the ESS-Bilbao research accelerator facility. The beam dynamics is investigated as a function of the extraction voltages, the ion current, and the inclination angle of the ion source. The ITUR Penning H− ion source has the plasma aperture plate and extraction electrode inclined a certain angle with respect to the vertical axis to compensate for the Penning magnets field. The negative charged particles are extracted through a rectangular slit of 10×6 mm2. The extraction system is mainly composed of two devices, a rectangular extraction electrode and a refrigerated trumpet shaped device acting as an Einzel lens to focus the beam, and also, as a trap for neutral cesium atoms exiting from the source. Results are calculated and analyzed at the DC Current Transformer and pepperpot positions located at 245 mm and 882 mm from the ion source.  
 
WEPC039 Modelling of the FETS MEBT Line using GPT emittance, simulation, rfq, linac 2094
 
  • D.C. Plostinar
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • R. Enparantza, M. Larrañaga
    Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa), Spain
 
  The Front End Test Stand project (FETS) currently under construction at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) will accelerate a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps H beam up to 3 MeV. It consists of an H ion source, a three-solenoid low energy beam transport line (LEBT), an RFQ and a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) with a fast-slow beam chopping system. As part of the MEBT development, a GPT simulation model has been prepared. The aim is to analyse and understand the transport of intense beams and the beam behaviour in the space-charge dominated regime. The beam quality is then evaluated in terms of RMS emittance growth, beam loss, chopping efficiency and halo development. Results previously obtained with different simulation codes are discussed throughout the paper.  
 
WEPC040 Initial 2D Investigations into the Design and Parameters of an EM Quadrupole for FETS quadrupole, simulation, linac, rfq 2097
 
  • M. Larrañaga, R. Enparantza
    Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa), Spain
  • D.C. Plostinar
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  The Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line for the Front End Test Stand (FETS) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) consists of a number of quadrupoles, re-bunching cavities and a fast-slow chopping system with dedicated beam dumps, as well as diagnostics. The type and design of the quadrupoles to be used merits special attention. Due to space restrictions, a hybrid quadrupole solution has been proposed in the past. However, because of the limited range of field adjustability achievable, this approach is not ideal. In this paper, a very preliminary investigation of an electromagnetic quadrupole (EMQ) design is presented. Magnetic simulations results performed with a 2D simulation code will be discussed including magnet optimisation details.  
 
WEPC047 Crab Crossing Schemes and Studies for Electron Ion Collider cavity, electron, collider, lattice 2115
 
  • S. Ahmed, S.U. De Silva, Y.S. Derbenev, G.A. Krafft, V.S. Morozov, B.C. Yunn, Y. Zhang
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC) at JLab has been envisioned as future high energy particle accelerator beyond 12 GeV upgrade of CEBAF. Crab crossing of colliding electron and ion beams is essential for accommodating high bunch repetition frequency in the conceptual design of MEIC. The scheme eliminates parasitic beam-beam interactions and avoids luminosity reduction by restoring head-on collisions at interaction points. This requires the separation of two beams quickly to avoid parasitic collisions and the minimization of synchrotron-betatron resonance near IP which can be fulfilled by employing the crab crossing concept first proposed by R. Palmer. Let us call this original scheme as transverse crabbing for the sake of comparison with dispersive crabbing which employs the existing accelerating/bunching RF cavities and dispersion function in the section where the cavity is installed as originally proposed by G. Jackson. In this paper, we report the beam transport and optics for both transverse and dispersive crabbing schemes followed by basic beam dynamics. Moreover, alignment and stability calculations together with synchro-betatron beam dynamics will be discussed.
 
 
WEPC056 Beam Test of Slow Extraction from the ESR extraction, resonance, septum, sextupole 2142
 
  • A. Dolinskii, C. Dimopoulou, O.E. Gorda, S.A. Litvinov, F. Nolden, M. Steck
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  In the frame of a dedicated ESR machine development the conventional third order resonant slow extraction was theoretically investigated and experimentally tested. The possibility to extract a beam from the ESR by preparing a resonant closed orbit, which has strong nonlinear characteristics, was demonstrated. A third-integer resonance slow extraction has been adopted for the 100 MeV/u Ar beam.  
 
WEPC064 Long Term Beam Dynamics in Ultra-Low Energy Storage Rings storage-ring, antiproton, target, scattering 2166
 
  • A.V. Smirnov
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
  • A.I. Papash, A.V. Smirnov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: "Work supported by STFC, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under contract VH-NG-328."
Electrostatic storage rings operate at very low energies in the tens of keV range and have proven to be invaluable tools for atomic and molecular physics experiments. However, earlier measurements showed strong limitations in beam intensity, a fast reduction in the stored ion current, as well as significantly reduced beam life time at higher beam intensities and as a function of the ion optical elements used in the respective storage ring. In this contribution, the results from studies with the computer code BETACOOL into the long term beam dynamics in such storage rings, based on the examples of ELISA, the AD Recycler and the USR are presented.
 
 
WEPC065 Design of a Low Energy Ion Beam Facility* antiproton, vacuum, injection, quadrupole 2169
 
  • M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • G.A. Karamysheva
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
  • A.I. Papash
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M.R.F. Siggel-King
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Work supported by STFC, the EU under GA-PITN-215080, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under VH-NG-328.
A small electrostatic ring, and associated electrostatic injection beamlines, are being designed and developed. The ring will make possible a variety of experiments using a choice of many types of recirculating ions (e.g., from protons, H-, and antiprotons up to and including large charged biomolecules). A reaction microscope will be incorporated into the ring to enable differential ionization experiments between the recirculating ion beam and gas jet targets. Two injection sections have been designed to cover a variety of ion sources. The facility will be portable to enable it to be moved between facilities and beamlines and it will be unique due to its combination of design elements, flexible beam properties, energy (ca 3-30 keV) and type of circulating particles. In this paper, we give an update on this project.
 
 
WEPC074 Investigation of the Nonlinear Transformation of an Ion Beam in the Plasma Lens* plasma, focusing, target, cathode 2190
 
  • N.N. Alexeev, A.A. Drozdovsky, S.A. Drozdovsky, A. Golubev, Yu.B. Novozhilov, P.V. Sasorov, S.M. Savin, V.V. Yanenko
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
 
  The plasma lens can carry out not only sharp focusing of ions beam. At those stages at which the magnetic field is nonlinear, formation of other interesting configurations of beams is possible. Plasma lens provides formation of hollow beams of ions in a wide range of parameters*. Application of the several plasma lenses allow to create some nontrivial spatial configurations of ions beams**: to get a conic and a cylindrical beams. The plasma lens can be used for transformation of beams with Gaussian distribution of particles density in a beams with homogeneous spatial distribution. The calculations showed that it is possible for a case of equilibrium Bennett's distribution of a discharge current. This requires a long duration of a discharge current pulse of > 10 μs. The first beam tests have essentially confirmed expected result. Calculations and measurements were performed for a C+6 and Fe+26 beams of 200-300 MeV/a.u.m. energy. The obtained results and analysis are reported.
* A. Drozdovskiy et al., IPAC'10, Kioto, Japan, http://cern.ch/AccelConf/IPAC10 /MOPE040.
** A.Drozdovskiy et al., RUPAC’10, Protvino, Russia, http://cern.ch/AccelConf/RUPAC10 /THCHA01.
 
 
WEPC075 ITEP-TWAC Progress Report proton, laser, injection, target 2193
 
  • N.N. Alexeev, P.N. Alekseev, V. Andreev, A. Balabaev, V.I. Nikolaev, A.S. Ryabtsev, Yu.A. Satov, V.A. Schegolev, B.Y. Sharkov, A. Shumshurov, V.P. Zavodov
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
 
  The program of the ITEP-TWAC Facility upgrade for next three years has been approved last year in the frame of National Research Center Kurchatov Institute taking up ITEP in accordance with government decision. It includes expanding of multimode using proton and heavy ion beams in different applications on a base of new accelerator technologies development. The laser ion source advantage of high temperature plasma generation has to be transformed to high current and high charge state ion beam of Z/A up to 0.4 for elements with A ~ 60 to be effectively stacked in the accumulator ring with multiple charge exchange injection technique. The new high current heavy ion RFQ section is in progress for the beam test. Accelerating system of accumulator ring U-10 is modified to increase compression voltage for stacked beam by factor of four. Design of proton injection and beam slow extraction for UK ring is performed for its utilizing as self-depending synchrotron in medical application and for imitation of cosmic radiation. The machine status analysis and current results of activities aiming at both subsequent improvement of beam parameters and expanding beam applications are presented.  
 
WEPC094 Energy Loss and Longitudinal Wakefield of Relativistic Short Ion Bunches in Electron Clouds electron, simulation, wakefield, plasma 2229
 
  • F. Yaman, O. Boine-Frankenheim, E. Gjonaj, T. Weiland
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • G. Rumolo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Funding: Work supported by BMBF under contract 06DA9022I
The aim of our study is the numerical computation of the wakefield, impedance and energy loss for an energetic, short (< 10 ns) ion bunch penetrating an electron cloud plasma residing in the beam pipe. We use a 3-D self-consistent and higher order PIC code based on the full-wave solution of the Maxwell equations in the time domain. In our simulations we observe the induced density oscillations in the electron cloud in the longitudinal as well as in the transverse directions. A special numerical procedure is applied to compute the longitudinal wake potential and the broadband coupling impedance due to the beam-electron cloud interaction. The code is applied to the case of the CERN SPS and the projected SIS-100 at GSI. The effects of the beam pipe, electron density, bunch intensity and external magnetic dipole fields are studied. The results are compared to analytical and numerical models of reduced complexity.
 
 
WEPC101 Simulation of the Interaction of an Electron Beam with Ionized Residual Gas simulation, electron, space-charge, emittance 2250
 
  • G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen
    Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
  • A. Meseck
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
 
  Funding: Supported by BMBF under contract number 05K10HRC
Light sources of the next generation such as ERLs require minimal beam losses as well as a stable beam position and emittance over the time. Instabilities caused by ion accumulation have to be avoided. In Rostock the tracking code MOEVE PIC Tracking has been developed for the simulation of space charge influenced beam dynamics, which is recently applied for simulations of the interaction beam - e-cloud. In this paper we apply MOEVE PIC Tracking for simulation of the interaction of the ionized residual gas with an electron bunch. We demonstrate numerical results with parameters planed for the ERL BERLinPro.
 
 
WEPC153 ISHN Ion Source Control System Overview and Future Developments controls, power-supply, ion-source, plasma 2340
 
  • M. Eguiraun, I. Arredondo, J. Feuchtwanger, G. Harper, M. del Campo
    ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • J. Jugo
    University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
  • S. Varnasseri
    ESS Bilbao, Derio, Spain
 
  Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
ISHN project consist on a Penning ion source which will deliver up to 65 mA of H beam pulsed at 50 Hz with a diagnostics vessel for beam testing purposes. The present work summarizes the control system of this research facility, and presents its future developments. ISHN consist of several power supplies for plasma generation and beam extraction, including auxiliary equipment and several diagnostics elements. The control system implemented with LabVIEW is based on PXI systems from National Instruments, using two PXI chassis connected through a dedicated fiber optic link between HV platform and ground. Source operation is managed by a real time processor, while additional tasks are performed by means of an FPGA. In addition, the control system uses a MySQL database for data logging, by means of a LabVIEW application connected to such DB. The integration of EPICS into the control system by deploying a Channel Access Server is the ongoing work, several alternatives are being tested. Finally, a high resolution synchronization system has been designed, for generating timing for triggers of plasma generation and extraction as well as data acquisition for beam diagnostics.
 
 
WEPC154 EPICS HyperArchiver: initial tests at ESSBilbao controls, EPICS, insertion, ion-source 2343
 
  • M. del Campo
    ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • M.G. Giacchini, L.G. Giovannini
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • J. Jugo
    University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
 
  Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The aim of this work is to present the results obtained after different tests performed regarding data storage for an Ion Source, by means of an EPICS control system at ESS-Bilbao (Spain). As a first approach, data was recorded on a MySQL database, using a traditional EPICS RDB Channel Archiver instance, maintained at ORNL SNS (USA). Nevertheless, initial results shown the need of an evolution towards a high performance scalable database. Therefore, current tests are focused on the customization and usage of a HyperArchiver instance, developed at INFN/LNL (Italy), which uses Hypertable as its main database. Hypertable is a distributed, high performance non relational database, released under GNU licence and focused on data-intensive tasks. At ESS Bilbao, a slightly modified version of the HyperArchiver was used, due to the necessity of an improvement on the management of array PVs. Regarding data retrieval and visualization, a python GUI developed at ESS-Bilbao was used, in opposition to the traditional CSS data browser, trying to make data retrieval as fast and simple as possible. Hypertable is presented as a high performance alternative to MySQL for any EPICS control system.
 
 
WEPC168 Implementation of a Workflow Model to Store and Analyze Measured Data at the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source Test Stand ion-source, diagnostics, controls, emittance 2376
 
  • Z. Izaola, M. Eguiraun, M. del Campo
    ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • I. Bustinduy
    ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
 
  Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
In order to fully characterize the experimentally measured beam in any accelerator facility, both diagnostics measurements and operating parameters need to be stored and correlated. Generating thus, a substantial amount of data. To address this problem in the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source Test Stand (ITUR), we have developed a software toolkit. This software stores Pepperpot, Faraday-Cup, Retarding Potential Analyzer, ACCT and DCCT measurements in a relational database associated with the operating parameter values at the time of measurement. Furthermore, the toolkit stores in the same database the beam transverse dynamics parameters processed from the pepperpot device. This allows to connect easily the beam physics with the accelerator running parameters. MySQL has been used as database backend and Matlab as programming language.
 
 
WEPC177 Collimation of High Intensity Ion Beams* collimation, solenoid, ion-source, simulation 2403
 
  • J. Pfister, O. Meusel
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • O.K. Kester
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: HIC for FAIR
Intense ion beams with small phase space occupation (high brilliance) are mandatory to keep beam losses low in high current injector accelerators like those planned for FAIR. The low energy beam transport from the ion source towards the linac has to keep the emittance growth low and has to support the optimization of the ion source tune. The Frankfurt Neutron Source Facility FRANZ is currently under construction. An intense beam of protons (2 MeV, 200 mA) will be used for neutron production using the Li7(p,n)Be7 reaction for studies of the astrophysical s-process. A collimation channel, which can be adjusted to allow the transport of beams with a certain beam emittance, is an ideal tool to optimize the ion source tune in terms of beam brightness. Therefore a collimation channel in the Low Energy Beam Transport section will be used. Through defined apertures and transversal phase space rotation using focusing solenoids the beam halo as well as unwanted H2+ and H3+ fractions will be cut. Theoretical studies which were carried out so far and a first design of the setup will be presented.
 
 
WEPO001 Design and Optimization of the MedAustron Synchrotron Main Dipoles simulation, dipole, synchrotron, quadrupole 2406
 
  • M. Stockner, B. Langenbeck, C. Siedler
    EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
  • Th. Zickler
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  MedAustron, a future centre for ion-therapy and research in Austria will comprise an accelerator facility based on a synchrotron for the delivery of protons and light ions for cancer treatment and for clinical and non-clinical research. The main dipole for the synchrotron went through an extensive design process to meet the stringent requirements. The local and integrated field quality was optimized. The residual field levels in the magnet gap were calculated and the dynamic behaviour of the dipole magnet was studied, both in 2D and 3D, using OPERA. The pole profile has been optimized to reduce sextupolar components in the integrated field by adjusting the shims on the pole edge. A Rogowski-profile at the pole ends and the use of stainless-steel tension straps will enhance the dynamic behaviour and guarantee a small time constants. Appropriate pole-end shimming will be used to compensate for residual multi-pole components and to fine-tune the magnetic length. The results of this comprehensive design study are summarized in this paper.  
 
WEPO016 Design of the MAX IV/Solaris 1.5 GeV Storage Ring Magnets lattice, storage-ring, simulation, dipole 2430
 
  • M.A.G. Johansson
    MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
 
  The MAX IV facility, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will consist of a 3 GeV storage ring, a 1.5 GeV storage ring, and a full energy injector/SPF/FEL driver. The Solaris facility, which will be built in Krakow, Poland, will use an identical 1.5 GeV storage ring, injected at 500 MeV. The magnet design for the 1.5 GeV storage ring is conceptually identical to the MAX III and the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring magnets, with several magnet elements machined into one solid iron block. Detailed design has been done in Opera3D, with a model of the full magnet block being set up and simulated, and iterated against the lattice design.  
 
WEPO024 Design and Operation Parameters of the Superconducting Main Magnets for the SIS100 Accelerator of FAIR dipole, quadrupole, sextupole, multipole 2451
 
  • E.S. Fischer, E. Floch, J. Macavei, P. Schnizer
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • P.G. Akishin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • A. Mierau
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  SIS100, the worlds second large scale synchrotron for ion research, will use superferric magnets. The dipoles are of the window frame type, whose aperture was chosen as an optimum balance between the achievable field quality and AC losses at cryogenic temperatures. Analogous design optimisation was done for the quadrupole and corrector magnets as well. We present the design of the main magnets, estimate their operation parameters and define the crucial aspects to be experimentally analysed before series production, e.g. precise magnetic end field optimisation.  
 
WEPS001 A New Lattice for the Beta-beam Decay Ring to Reduce the Head Tail Effects injection, lattice, dipole, dynamic-aperture 2478
 
  • A. Chancé, J. Payet
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  • C. Hansen
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Funding: I acknowledge the financial support of the European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372.
The beta-beam concept relies on the production, by beta decay of radioactive ions of a very high flux, of an electron neutrino and anti-neutrino beam towards a distant detector. In this aim, the radioactive isotopes are stored in a long racetrack-shaped ring, called the decay ring, where they orbit until they decay or are lost. The intensities to store in the decay ring to obtain the required neutrino fluxes are very high (several amperes in average). Therefore, collective effects occur. Among them, the head tail effect, caused by transversal resonance impedance, is one of the main issues: the beam was shown to be unstable with the previous decay ring lattice. The transition gamma was reduced to mitigate this problem. For this purpose the lattice was changed by removing the injection from the arc to put it in a chicane which is added in one of the long straight sections. After presenting the limitation due to head tail effects, we will present the modification in the lattice and their impact on the dynamic aperture in the decay ring. Then the improvement on the beta-beam performance with respect to the lower transition gamma will be shown.
 
 
WEPS002 Limitations in Mitigating Collective Effects in the Beta-Beam Decay Ring by the Use of Octupoles octupole, damping, injection, impedance 2481
 
  • C. Hansen
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • E. Benedetto
    National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
  • A. Chancé, J. Payet
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
 
  Funding: I acknowledge the financial support of the European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372.
The beta-beam concept relies on the production, by beta decay of radioactive ions of a very high flux, of an electron neutrino and anti-neutrino beam towards a distant detector. After production and acceleration in an accelerator complex consisting of a rapid cycling synchrotron, the CERN PS and the CERN SPS, the radioactive isotopes are injected into a long racetrack-shaped ring, called the decay ring, where they orbit until they decay or are lost. The required intensities to store in the decay ring to reach the aimed neutrino fluxes are very high. Among the collective effects, the head tail effect, caused by transversal resonance impedance, is one of the main issues: the beam was shown to be unstable with the previous decay ring lattice. The lattice was changed to handle this problem; e.g. octupoles were included to increase the stability limit with an amplitude detuning. We here report on the improvement on the beta-beam performance with respect to amplitude detuning in the decay ring and discuss other mitigation attempts.
 
 
WEPS003 SIS18 – Intensity Record with Intermediate Charge State Heavy Ions heavy-ion, beam-losses, injection, acceleration 2484
 
  • P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • L.H.J. Bozyk
    FIAS, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • P. Puppel
    HIC for FAIR, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  Funding: Project partly funded by the European Community DIRAC-PHASE-1 / Contract number: 515876
In order to reach the desired intensities of heavy ion beams for the experiments at FAIR, SIS18 and SIS100 have to be operated with intermediate charge states. Operation with intermediate charge state heavy ions at the intensity level of about 1011 ions per cycle has never been demonstrated elsewhere and requires a dedicated upgrade program for SIS18 and a dedicated machine design for SIS100. The specific problems coming along with the intermediate charge state operation in terms of charge exchange processes at collisions with residual gas atoms, pressure bumps by ion induced desorption and corresponding beam loss appears far below the typical space charge limits. Thus, new design concepts and new technical equipment addressing these issues are developed and realized with highest priority. The upgrade program of SIS18 addressing the goal of minimum ionization beam loss and stable residual gas pressure conditions has been defined in 2005. A major part of this upgrade program has been successfully realized, with the result of a world record in accelerated number of intermediate charge state heavy ions.
 
 
WEPS004 Confinement, Accumulation and Diagnostic of Low Energy Ion Beams in Toroidal Fields diagnostics, electron, beam-transport, injection 2487
 
  • M. Droba, A. Ates, O. Meusel, H. Niebuhr, U. Ratzinger, J.F. Wagner
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  An optimized design of a stellarator-type storage ring for low energy ion beams was numerically investigated. The magnetic field variation along the circumference and therefore magnetic heating is suppressed by using simple circular correction coils. Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations in a magnetic flux coordinate system show the ability of high current ion beam accumulation in such a configuration with unique features for clockwise and anticlockwise moving beams. Additionally scaled down experiments with two 30 degree room temperature toroidal segments were performed to demonstrate toroidal transport and to develop optical beam diagnostics. Properties of multi-component beams, redistribution of transversal momenta in the non-adiabatic part of the experimental configuration and investigation of strongly confined beam induced electron clouds will be addressed.  
 
WEPS005 Investigation of Intrabeam Scattering in the Heavy Ion Storage Ring TSR bunching, electron, scattering, storage-ring 2490
 
  • S.T. Artikova, M. Grieser, J. Ullrich
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  Intrabeam scattering (IBS) is a multiple scattering effect between stored beam particles. It leads to diffusion in all three spatial dimensions and thus, causes an expansion of the whole beam. IBS plays an important role in the equilibrium diameter of a low-velocity, electron-cooled ion beam. IBS effects for coasting and bunched 12C6+ ion beams at an energy of 73.3 MeV were studied using the TSR heavy ion cooler storage ring. Experimental results of the IBS rates are presented.  
 
WEPS013 Results of the Nuclotron Upgrade Program vacuum, power-supply, heavy-ion, acceleration 2508
 
  • A.V. Eliseev, N.N. Agapov, A.V. Alfeev, V. Andreev, V. Batin, D.E. Donets, E.D. Donets, E.E. Donets, E.V. Gorbachev, A. Govorov, V. Karpinsky, V.D. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, A. Kirichenko, A.D. Kovalenko, O.S. Kozlov, N.I. Lebedev, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhailov, V. Monchinsky, S. Romanov, T.V. Rukoyatkina, A.O. Sidorin, I. Slepnev, V. Slepnev, A.V. Smirnov, A. Sorin, G.V. Trubnikov, B. Vasilishin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, N.V. Semin, V. Volkov
    JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
 
  The Nuclotron upgrade – the Nuclotron-M project, which had been started in 2007, involved the modernization of almost all of the accelerator systems, using beam time during seven runs devoted to testing newly installed equipment. Following the project goals, in March 2010 Xe ions were accelerated to about 1.5 GeV/u. In December 2010, the stable and safe operation of the magnetic system was achieved with a main field of 2 T. The successful completion of the project paves the way for further development of the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA).  
 
WEPS014 RF Systems and Bunch Formation at NICA collider, booster, cavity, injection 2511
 
  • A.V. Eliseev, I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • O.I. Brovko
    JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
  • G.Y. Kurkin, V.M. Petrov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
 
  The NICA facility being constructed at JINR will consists of two synchrotrons (Booster and Nuclotron) and collider working at constant magnetic field. To reach required luminosity level the collider rings will be operated with short ion bunches. The bunch formation in the collider as well as longitudinal dynamics in all the rings is described. The parameters and preliminary design of RF systems are presented.  
 
WEPS022 Ions for LHC: Performance of the Injector Chain luminosity, linac, injection, proton 2529
 
  • D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, S. Cettour Cave, M. Chanel, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, J.M. Jowett, D. Kuchler, S. Maury, E. Métral, S. Pasinelli, M. Schokker, G. Tranquille, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The first LHC Pb ion run took place at 1.38 A TeV/c per beam in autumn 2010. After a short period of running-in, the injector chain was able to fill the collider with up to 137 bunches per ring, with an intensity of 108 Pb ions/bunch, about 50% higher than the design value. This yielded a luminosity of 3E25 Hz/cm2, allowing the experiments to accumulate just under 10 inverse microbarn each during the four week run. We review the performance of the individual links of the injector chain, and address the main issues limiting the LHC luminosity, in view of reaching 1026 Hz/cm2 in 2011, and substantially beyond when the LHC energy increases after the long shutdown in 2013-14.  
 
WEPS024 Beta Beams: An Accelerator-based Facility to Explore Neutrino Oscillation Physics target, linac, ECR, acceleration 2535
 
  • E.H.M. Wildner, E. Benedetto, T. De Melo Mendonca, C. Hansen, T. Stora
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • D. Berkovits
    Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
  • G. Burt, A.C. Dexter
    Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  • A. Chancé, J. Payet
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  • M. Cinausero, G. De Angelis, F. Gramegna, T. Marchi, G.P. Prete
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • G. Collazuol
    Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • F. Debray, C. Trophime
    GHMFL, Grenoble, France
  • T. Delbar, T. Keutgen, M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov
    UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • G. Di Rosa
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  • M. Hass, T. Hirsch
    Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel
  • I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • L.V. Kravchuk
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, M. Marie-Jeanne, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble, France
  • M. Mezzetto
    INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • A.V. Sidorov
    BINP SB RAS, Protvino, Moscow Region, Russia
  • P. Sortais
    ISN, Grenoble, France
  • A. Stahl
    RWTH, Aachen, Germany
 
  Funding: This contribution is a project funded by European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372.
The recent discovery of neutrino oscillations, has implications for the Standard Model of particle physics (SM). Knowing the contribution of neutrinos to the SM, needs precise measurements of the parameters governing the neutrino oscillations. The EUROν Design Study will review three facilities (the so-called Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutrino Factories) and perform a cost assessment that, coupled with the physics performance, will give means to the European research authorities to make a decision on future European neutrino oscillation facility. "Beta Beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti-)neutrino by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a storage ring. EUROν Beta Beams are based on CERN’s infrastructure and existing machines. Using existing machines is an advantage for the cost evaluation, however, this choice is also constraining the Beta Beams. Recent work to make the Beta Beam facility a solid option will be described: production of Beta Beam isotopes, the 60 GHz pulsed ECR source development, integration into the LHC-upgrades, ensure the high intensity ion beam stability, and optimizations to get high neutrino fluxes.
 
 
WEPS028 Lattice Design of a Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron for Carbon/Proton Therapy synchrotron, proton, extraction, injection 2541
 
  • D. Trbojevic, J.G. Alessi, M. Blaskiewicz, C. Cullen, H. Hahn, D.I. Lowenstein, I. Marneris, W. Meng, J.-L. Mi, C. Pai, D. Raparia, A. Rusek, J. Sandberg, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, W. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • N.M. Cook
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  • J.P. Lidestri
    HHMI, New York, USA
  • M. Okamura
    RBRC, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • S. Peggs
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
 
  Funding: Work supported by Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), No. BNL-C-10-03 between the Brookhaven National Laboratory and Best Medical International, Inc.
We present a design of the ion Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron (iRCMS) for carbon/proton cancer therapy facility. The facility design, produced at Brookhaven National Accelerator (BNL) at the Collider Accelerator Division (CAD) for the BEST Medical International, Inc., will be able to treat the cancer patients with carbon, lighter ions and protons. The low energy part accelerates ions and protons to the kinetic energy of 8 MeV. It consists of two ion sources (one of fully stripped carbon ions and one for protons), a Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and linac. The 8 GeV beam is injected into a fast cycling synchrotron (iRCMS). The lattice design is a racetrack, with zero dispersion two parallel straight sections. There are 24 combined function magnets in the two arcs with a radius of ~5.6 meters with maximum magnetic field of less than 1.3 T. The acceleration is performed in 30 Hz up to the required energy for the cancer tumor treatment assuming the spot scanning technique. The maximum energy for carbon ions is 400 MeV. Ions are extracted in a single turn and fed to different beam lines for patient treatment.
 
 
WEPS029 Innovative Superconducting Non Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Isocentric Gantry for Carbon Cancer Therapy* focusing, radiation, dipole, proton 2544
 
  • D. Trbojevic
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Work performed under a Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the US Department of Energy.
Numbers of proton/carbon cancer therapy facilities in recent years is rising fast due to a clear advantage with respect to the other radiation therapy treatments. Cost of the ion cancer therapy is dominated by the delivery systems. An update on a design of the carbon and proton isocentric gantries is presented, using the non-scaling alternating gradient fixed field magnets (NS-FFAG). Size and weight of these magnets much smaller than any other magnets used today in cancer therapy treatment. The weight of the transport elements of the carbon isocentric gantry is estimated to be 1.5 tons to be compared to the 130 tons weight of the top-notch Heidelberg facility gantry. For the transport elements of the proton, the permanent magnet isocentric gantry is 500 kg.
 
 
WEPS030 Ion Optics Alignment in the Electrostatic Double Storage Ring DESIREE alignment, quadrupole, optics, storage-ring 2547
 
  • P. Löfgren, M. Blom, F. Hellberg, L. Liljeby, A. Simonsson
    MSL, Stockholm, Sweden
  • P. Reinhed
    Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
 
  DESIREE is a cryogenic electrostatic double storage ring under construction at Stockholm University. The two rings have similar circumference, 8.8 m and a common straight section for merged beam experiments. In each ring the ions are guided by two 160° cylindrical deflectors and four 10° deflectors and focused by four quadrupole doublets. In terms of ion optics alignment the quadrupoles are the most important factor for the ion beam acceptance and the goal is to align all quadrupoles with precision of 0.1 mm. DESIREE is constructed as a double walled cryostat with an inner and an outer vacuum chamber. All optical elements are mounted directly on the bottom of the inner chamber. For positioning of the ion optics, the bottom plate is prepared with a number of footprints where each footprint consists of four small machined surfaces that define the height and two alignment holes that define the lateral position. The optical elements were aligned on the bottom plate using a portable measuring device in combination with a level instrument. In this work we describe the alignment procedure in detail and report on the overall precision obtained and the consequence for the ion beam.  
 
WEPS031 Future Heavy Ion Linacs at GSI linac, rfq, cavity, heavy-ion 2550
 
  • W.A. Barth, G. Clemente, L.A. Dahl, S. Mickat, B. Schlitt, W. Vinzenz
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  The UNILAC-upgrade program for FAIR will be realized in the next three years; the required U28+-beam intensity of 15 emA (for SIS 18 injection). The replacement of the Alvarez-DTL by a new high energy linac is advised to provide a stable operation for the next decades. An additional linac-upgrade option sufficient to boost the beam energy up to 150 MeV/u may help to reach the desired heavy ion intensities in the SIS 100. The SHIP-upgrade program has also to be realized until 2011, such that an enhanced primary beam intensity at the target is available. It is planned to build a new cw-heavy ion-linac behind the present high charge state injector. This linac should feed the GSI flagship experiments SHIP and TASCA, as well as material research, biophysics and plasma physics experiments in the MeV/u-area. The whole injector family is housed by the existing constructions. Different layout scenarios of a multipurpose high intensity heavy ion facility will be presented.  
 
WEPS035 Beam Measurements with the New RFQ Beam Matching Section at the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment rfq, emittance, ion-source, diagnostics 2562
 
  • M. Baschke, A. Schempp, J.S. Schmidt
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • H. Zimmermann
    Accelerator Services, Oberursel, Germany
 
  Funding: BMBF
Funneling is a method to increase low energy beam currents in multiple stages. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a model of such a stage. The experiment is built up of two ion sources with electrostatic lens systems, a Two-Beam-RFQ accelerator, a funneling deflector and a beam diagnostic system. The two beams are bunched and accelerated in a Two-Beam RFQ. A funneling deflector combines the bunches to a common beam axis. A new beam transport system between RFQ accelerator and deflector has been constructed and mounted. With these extended RFQ-electrodes the drift between the Two-Beam-RFQ and the rf-deflector will be minimized and therefore unwanted emittance growth reduced. After first rf measurements current work are beam tests with the improved Two-Beam-RFQ. First results will be presented.
 
 
WEPS044 Status of the Ion Source and RFQ Test Bench at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre emittance, rfq, ion-source, extraction 2586
 
  • R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, J.M. Mosthaf, B. Naas, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, J. Schreiner, T. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  The possibility of cancer treatment with proton and carbon beams provides HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre) with an exceptional feature and gives it a unique position in Europe. In the future, the variety of available ions will be extended towards helium and oxygen. To allow fast switching between three of these ion species an additional ion-source / spectrometer combination will be installed in the LEBT. For comprehensive tests of the new components a dedicated test bench including a beam emittance analyzer has been set up at the HIT facility. It opens up the opportunity to perform detailed investigations of the improved ECR ion source with its enhanced extraction system and the redesigned RFQ of the HIT injector. Parallel to the measurements, the beam optical model of the assembly could be refined to better reproduce the beam diagnostic results. Since August 2010 the test bench has been in operation in different configurations. Behind the RFQ a beamline comprising a phase-probe-based time-of-flight system and beam current measurement devices is set up. The aim is to determine the RFQ working point and to validate the optimizations in terms of particle transmission.  
 
WEPS045 Feasibility Study of a High-gradient Linac for Hadrontherapy linac, cyclotron, accelerating-gradient, cavity 2589
 
  • S. Verdú-Andrés, U. Amaldi, A. Degiovanni
    TERA, Novara, Italy
  • A. Faus-Golfe, S. Verdú-Andrés
    IFIC, Valencia, Spain
  • P.A. Posocco
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Funding: The research leading to this results has been funded by the Seventh Framework Program [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement number 215840-2.
Compact, reliable and little consuming accelerators are needed for tumor treatment with hadrons. As solution, TERA proposes CABOTO (CArbon BOoster for Therapy in Oncology), a linac which boosts the energy of carbon ions and H2 molecules coming from a cyclotron. The linac, typically a Side-Coupled Linac (SCL), is divided into several modules. The beam energy can be varied in steps of about 15 MeV/u without using absorbers by acting on the power (amplitude and/or phase) that feeds the different modules of the linac. This work presents the structure design of a 5.7 GHz high repetition rate SCL for a cyclinac, that accelerates carbon ions from 150 up to 400 MeV/u in less than 25 meters. The beam dynamics for this linac and its particular energy selection system is also discussed for different beam energy outputs.
 
 
WEPS048 Dependence of Beam Loss on Vacuum Pressure Level in J-PARC Linac beam-losses, vacuum, linac, collimation 2598
 
  • G.H. Wei
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • K. Hirano, T. Maruta, A. Miura
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • K. Ikegami
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  In J-PARC linac, a 181-MeV negative hydrogen beam is supported to a succeeding 3-GeV synchrotron with normal operation power at 100-300 kW. During operation, a beam loss in the straight section of the beam transport line immediately after the linac exit is found. The residual radiation level reaches 0.3 mSv/h on the surface of the vacuum chamber several hours after the beam shutdown with the linac beam power of 12 kW. We suppose that the residual gas scattering of negative hydrogen ions generates neutral hydrogen atoms and they give rise to the beam loss by hitting the vacuum chamber wall. To confirm this speculation, the vacuum pressure level in the linac had been changed in order to find the dependence of the beam loss on it. After data analysis, we found the relationship between beam loss amplitude, which was attained from beam loss signal, and vacuum pressure was linear. Corresponding deduction and simulation has been down according to the residual gas components in linac chamber. In this paper, we present the experimental result and some simulations in this study.  
 
WEPS052 Progress of Linear Injector for SSC at HIRFL linac, simulation, DTL, rfq 2610
 
  • Y. He, X. Du, L.P. Sun, Z.J. Wang, C. Xiao, Y.Q. Yang, Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Zhang, Z.L. Zhang
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, G. Liu, Y.R. Lu, K. Zhu
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J. Wang
    Lanzhou University of Technology, People's Republic of China
 
  A heavy ion linear accelerator for Separate Sector Cyclotron (SSC) is constructing at Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou (HIRFL). It is a new injector for SSC to improve its output beam intensity of 2 times for Super Heavy Experiment (SHE) and 10 times for injection of Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) than old Cyclotron. It has a normal conducting linac at upstream of SSC and one superconducting cryomodule at downstream of SSC to shift beam energy. The designed current of the linac is 0.5 mA and output energy is 0.57 MeV/u and 1.02 MeV/u. Beam dynamic study and prototype fabrication are introduced in the paper.  
 
WEPS056 First Beam Test of 81.5 MHz RFQ for ITEP-TWAC rfq, simulation, emittance, proton 2622
 
  • V. Andreev, N.N. Alexeev, A. Kolomiets, B. Kondratyev, V.A. Koshelev, A.M. Kozodaev, V.G. Kuzmichev, Y. Orlov, V. Stolbunov, T. Tretyakova
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
 
  The 4 vane RFQ resonator with magnetic coupling windows as initial part of high-current Heavy Ion Linac for ITEP TWAC Facility is presently under commissioning at ITEP. It was constructed for acceleration of ions with 1/3 charge-to-mass ratio to the energy of 1.57 MeV/u with beam current up to 100 mA. Additional beam dynamics simulations have been carried out for actual fields of the RFQ in order to determine both extreme output beam properties for different ion species with charge-to-mass ratio in the range of 1-0.25 and limitations for high-brightness of the high-current injector. The beam test of RFQ has been started with protons at relatively low electrode voltage for experimental studying the RFQ beam dynamics. First results of the beam test in comparison with beam dynamics simulations are presented.  
 
WEPS070 Commissioning Status of Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, injection 2664
 
  • C. Mallik, R.K. Bhandari
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
 
  After completing the construction of the K~500 superconducting cyclotron at Kolkata, the internal beam acceleration was accomplished in August 2009 and several tests were conducted to confirm the acceleration. Earlier the superconducting magnet using Nb-Ti superconductor with 300 litre liquid helium cryostat and 80 tonne iron was commissioned and field mapped. The radiofrequency system spanning 9-27 MHz and with three independent resonators were integrated into the machine. Some difficulties were experienced with achieving the voltage related to ceramic failures. Finally, ~50 kV on the dees have been achieved with reasonable phase stability between the three dees. The cyclotron uses a 14 GHz external ECR ion source and the beam is injected through 28 metre long injection line. Till date several beams like neon, argon, nitrogen, oxygen etc. have been accelerated mostly in analogous mode and at around 14 MHz frequency and ~32 kG field. Valuable experience has been obtained with various systems. The paper would describe the experience with different subsystems and beam acceleration experience. Presently, beam extraction is being tried and will be achieved shortly.  
 
WEPS075 Induction Sector Cyclotron for Cluster Ions acceleration, induction, cyclotron, impedance 2679
 
  • K. Takayama
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Adachi
    Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • W. Jiang
    Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
  • H. Tsutsui
    SHI, Tokyo, Japan
 
  A novel scheme of a sector cyclotron to accelerate extremely heavy cluster ions, called Induction Sector Cyclotron (ISC)*, is described. Its key feature is fast induction acceleration. An ion bunch is accelerated and captured with pulse voltages generated by transformers**. The acceleration and confinement in the longitudinal direction can be independently handled. Since the transformers are energized by the switching power supply, in which turning on/off of the switching gate is maneuvered by gate signals digitally manipulated from the circulating beam signal of an ion bunch, acceleration synchronizing with the revolution of ion beam is always guaranteed. A cluster ion beam such as C-60, which so far there has been no way to repeatedly accelerate, can be accelerated from extremely low energy to high energy. The fundamental concept of ISC is introduced and beam dynamical issues such as a life time of cluster ions under strong guide fields and repeatedly exerted pulse voltages in the existence of residual molecules are addressed. In addition, the present status of R&D works on a race track-shape induction accelerating cell will be presented.
* K.Takayama et al., submitted for publication (2011).
** K.Takayama and R.J.Briggs, Chapter 11 and 12 in Induction Accelerators (Springer, 2010).
 
 
WEPS077 Present Status of FFAG Proton Accelerator at KURRI* proton, neutron, controls, linac 2685
 
  • Y. Mori, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, J.-B. Lagrange, R. Nakano, T. Planche, T. Uesugi, E. Yamakawa
    KURRI, Osaka, Japan
  • Y. Niwa, K. Okabe, I. Sakai
    University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
 
  The 150MeV FFAG proton accelerator has been developed at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute(KURRI) for the fundamental study of Accelerator Driven Sub-crittical Reactor (ADSR). Recently, a new H injector was constructed to improve the beam quality and intensity. The paper will describe the detail of the preset status of FFAG proton accelerator at KURRI.  
 
WEPS081 The Study of Helium Ion FFAG Accelerator* acceleration, focusing, induction, lattice 2697
 
  • H.L. Luo, H. Hao, X.Q. Wang, H.L. Wu, Y.C. Xu
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
 
  As helium ion source, the periodic focusing structure model of Helium ion (He+) FFAG (Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient) accelerator was designed, providing He+ beam with higher beam current at a lower cost, which could be used for the study of the impact of Helium embitterment on fusion reactor envelope material. A radial sector scaling FFAG accelerator type with eight super-periods and a conventional magnetic lattice structure, a triplet focusing lattice-DFD combination, is adopted for He+ FFAG accelerator. In this paper, magnetic lattice is optimizing by analytical and numerical techniques. A large-aperture magnet is designed by using a 3D magnetic field simulation code OPERA-3D. Runge-Kutta tracking code used specifically for FFAG accelerator based on MATLAB language was used to track the particle in the magnetic field generated by OPERA-3D, followed by linear and nonlinear beam dynamics study. Some results of magnet design, particle tracking and dynamics study are presented in the article.  
 
WEPS082 Development of FLNR JINR Heavy Ion Accelerator Complex in the Next Seven Years: New DC-280 Cyclotron Project cyclotron, injection, target, extraction 2700
 
  • G.G. Gulbekyan, S.L. Bogomolov, O.N. Borisov, S.N. Dmitriev, J. Franko, B. Gikal, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, V.I. Kazacha, N.Yu. Kazarinov, N.F. Osipov, A. Tikhomirov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  At present time four isochronous cyclotrons: U-400, U-400M, U-200 and IC-100 are in operation at the JINR FLNR. Total operation time is about 10000 hours per year. The U400M is a primary beam generator and U400 is as postaccelerator in RIB (DRIBs) experiments to produce and accelerate exotic nuclides such as 6He, 8He etc. One of the basic scientific programs which are carried out in FLNR - synthesis of new elements which demands intensive beams of heavy ions. Now U-400 is capable to provide long term experiments on Ca 48 beams with intensity of 1 pμA.In order to improve efficiency of the experiments for the next 7 years it is necessary to obtain the accelerated ion beams with the following parameters. Ion energy 4/8 MeV/n Masses 10/238 Beam intensity (up to A=50) 10 pμA Beam emittance less 30 π mm·mrad These parameters have underlain the project of new cyclotron DC-280.  
 
WEPS083 DC280 Cyclotron Central Region with Independent Flat-Top System cyclotron, acceleration, injection, heavy-ion 2703
 
  • I.A. Ivanenko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, N.Yu. Kazarinov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  At the present time, the activities on creation of the new isochronous cyclotron DC280 are carried out at the FLNR, JINR. The cyclotron DC280 is intended for accelerating the wide range of ion beams with A/Z= 4 - 7 to energy W= 4 - 8MeV/u and intensity up to 10pmcA. To achieve high-intensity ion beams the cyclotron is equipped with Flat-Top system. At the cyclotron DC280 the Flat-Top system is physically separated from main resonators. The investigation of the cyclotron centre region with independent Flat-Top is presented. The simulation of the beams acceleration is carried out by means of the computer code CENTR.  
 
WEPS094 Dynamic Vacuum Stability in SIS100 vacuum, extraction, cryogenics, beam-losses 2724
 
  • P. Puppel, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  SIS100 is the main synchrotron of the FAIR project. It is designed to accelerate high intensity intermediate charge state uranium beams from 200 MeV/u up to 2.7 GeV/u. Intermediate charge state heavy ions are exposed to a high probability of charge exchange due to collisions with residual gas molecules. Since the charge exchange process changes the magnetic rigidity, the involved ions are lost behind dispersive elements, and an energy-dependent gas desorption takes place. The StrahlSim code has been used to predict the stability of the residual gas pressure in SIS100 under beam loss driven dynamic conditions. The results show, that a stable operation at highest U28+ intensities is possible, under the constraint that the vacuum chambers of the ion catcher system are cold enough to pump hydrogen. Furthermore, in order to determine the load to the cryogenic system, the average beam energy deposition onto the ion catcher system has been calculated.  
 
WEPZ002 Chromatic, Geometric and Space Charge Effects on Laser Accelerated Protons Focused by a Solenoid solenoid, proton, emittance, laser 2766
 
  • H.Y. Al-Omari, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • I. Hofmann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  We studied numerically emittance and transmission effects by chromatic and geometric aberrations, with and without space charge, for a proton beam behind a solenoid in the laser proton experiment LIGHT at GSI. The TraceWin code was employed using a field map for the solenoid and an initial distribution with exponential energy dependence close to the experiment. The results show a strong effect of chromatic, and a relatively weak one of geometric aberrations as well as dependence of proton transmission on distance from the solenoid. The chromatic effect has an energy filtering property due to the finite radius beam pipe. Furthermore, a relatively modest dependence of transmission on space charge is found for p production intensity below 1011.  
 
WEPZ028 Status of Plasma Electron Hose Instability Studies in FACET plasma, electron, simulation, emittance 2826
 
  • E. Adli
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • W. An, W.B. Mori
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • R.J. England, J.T. Frederico, M.J. Hogan, S.Z. Li, M.D. Litos, Y. Nosochkov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the Research Council of Norway, the Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program and US DOE contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
In the FACET plasma-wakefield acceleration experiments a dense 23 GeV electron beam will interact with lithium and cesium plasmas, leading to plasma ion-channel formation. The interaction between the electron beam and the plasma sheath-electrons may lead to a fast growing electron hose instability. By using optics dispersion knobs to induce a controlled z-x tilt along the beam entering the plasma, we investigate the transverse behavior of the beam in the plasma as function of the tilt. We seek to quantify limits on the instability in order to further explore potential limitations on future plasma wakefield accelerators due to the electron hose instability.
 
 
WEPZ036 A Multi-Parameter Optimization of Plasma Density for an Advanced Linear Collider plasma, focusing, electron, emittance 2841
 
  • P. Muggli
    USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • R.W. Assmann
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • S. Hillenbrand
    KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • P. Muggli
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by US DoE
Recent plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) experiments showed that an accelerating gradient as high as 50GV/m can be driven and sustained over a meter-long plasma*. Based on this result, a strawman design for a future, multi-stage, PWFA-based electron/positron collider with an energy gain of ~25GeV/stage has been generated**. However, the choice of plasma density remains open. On one hand, high density means large accelerating gradients and possibly a shorter collider. On the other it means that the accelerating structure dimensions become very small, on the order of the plasma wavelength (<100 microns in each dimension?). Operating at high gradient and with such small structure imposes very strong constraints on the particle bunches: small dimensions and spacing, large current or limited charge, etc. These constraints result in challenges in producing bunches (compression, shaping for optimum loading, etc.) and could limit the achievable collider luminosity (beam-beam effects, etc.). We explore the global implications of operating at a lower accelerating gradient with the goal of relaxing the beam and plasma parameters while meeting the requirements of the collider.
* P. Muggli and M.J. Hogan, Comptes Rendus Physique, 10(2-3), 116 (2009).
** A. Seryi, M.J. Hogan, T. Raubenheimer, private communication.
 
 
THOAA02 Implementation of an Intensity Feedback-loop for an Ion-therapy Synchrotron feedback, controls, extraction, synchrotron 2851
 
  • C. Schömers, E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer, J. Naumann, R.E. Panse, A. Peters
    HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  The Heidelberg Ion Therapy-Centre (HIT) started treatment of tumour patients in 2009. Its main acceleration stage is a synchrotron, where particles are extracted slowly, in the time frame of some seconds, to support the raster-scanning method. The slow extraction is driven by the transverse "RF-nockout-exciter". So far, this device has a variable but predefined amplitude curve. As the phase-space distribution of particles is not homogeneous and varies slightly from pulse to pulse, intensity-fluctuations of the extracted beam appear. Moreover, changing accelerator-settings requires a time-consuming re-adjustment of the exciter to achieve adequate beam-properties again. To keep the intensity on a predefined level, a feedback loop will be implemented. The actual-value of the intensity is provided by an ionization chamber in front of the patient. The feedback loop controls the amplitude of the Exciter, to adapt the number of extracted particles. Beside a rectangular spill with constant intensity, a dynamic intensity-adaptation during one spill with respect to the particular treatment-plan will be investigated. First tests for flat spill and variable intensity showed promising results.  
slides icon Slides THOAA02 [2.284 MB]  
 
THOAB03 Commissioning of the Ion Beam Gantry at HIT proton, dipole, heavy-ion, quadrupole 2874
 
  • M. Galonska, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, K. Höppner, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, T. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  The Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Facility (HIT) is the first dedicated proton and carbon cancer therapy facility in Europe. It uses a full 3D intensity controlled raster scanning dose delivering method. The ion energy ranges from ca. 50 to 430 MeV/u corresponding to ion penetration depths of 20 to 300 mm in water. The HIT facility comprises the only heavy ion gantry worldwide designed for the beam transport of beams demanding a magnetic rigidity from 1 to 6.6 Tm. The gantry rotation of 360° enables beam scanning patient treatment from arbitrary directions. The libraries of carbon and proton pencil beams at the gantry are now offered with the whole variety of ion beam properties, i.e. 255 energy steps, 4 beam foci, 360°, and 10 intensities (106-1010/spill). The beam has to be adjusted only for a fraction of possible combinations of energy, focus, and gantry angle. These are taken as base points for a calculation of an overall number of about 37,000 different set values per ion type, and one intensity step according to the data supply model. This paper gives an outline on the practical concepts and results of adjusting the required beam properties independent of the gantry angle.  
slides icon Slides THOAB03 [4.526 MB]  
 
THPPA02 EPS-AG Budker Prize Presentation: Retrospective of 24 years of RIBF Life cyclotron, factory, electron, scattering 2899
 
  • Y. Yano
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
 
  The speaker will look back on 24 years (from 1987 to now) devoted to the RIBF project.  
slides icon Slides THPPA02 [10.303 MB]  
 
THPC105 An Electron Bunch Compression Scheme for a Superconducting Radio Frequency Linear Accelerator Driven Light Source linac, SRF, photon, FEL 3134
 
  • C. Tennant, S.V. Benson, D. Douglas, P. Evtushenko, R.A. Legg
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Support by US DoE contract #DE-AC05-060R23177.
We describe an electron bunch compression scheme suitable for use in a light source driven by a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) linac. The key feature is the use of a recirculating linac to perform the initial bunch compression. Phasing of the second pass beam through the linac is chosen to de-chirp the electron bunch prior to acceleration to the final energy in an SRF linac ("afterburner"). The final bunch compression is then done at maximum energy. This scheme has the potential to circumvent some of the most technically challenging aspects of current longitudinal matches; namely transporting a fully compressed, high peak current electron bunch through an extended SRF environment, the need for a RF harmonic linearizer and the need for a laser heater. Additional benefits include a substantial savings in capital and operational costs by efficiently using the available SRF gradient.
 
 
THPC116 Surface Analysis of a Degraded NEA-GaAs Photocathode by Temperature Programmed Desorption Technique vacuum, cathode, electron, quadrupole 3158
 
  • H. Iijima, M. Kuriki, Y.M. Masumoto
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
 
  A GaAs photocathode activated the surface to negative electron affinity (NEA) is an important device for high-average-current electron accelerators, such as a next-generation light source based on an energy recovery linac. It is well known that the quantum efficiency of the NEA-GaAs photocathode is decaying with time elapsing, even if the electron beam is not extracted. The degradation is mainly caused by adsorption of residual gases in a vacuum chamber. Previously a few investigators reported that the quantum efficiency of the photocathode was rapidly degraded by water or carbon dioxide vapor. In order to analyze such surface states, we have measured desorption of gases from the degraded NEA-GaAs photocathode by using of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The desorption peaks of hydrogen, carbon oxide and carbon dioxide from the degraded NEA surface were observed, while that of water was not observed.  
 
THPC167 The Design of Dual Canted In-vacuum Undulators at SSRF undulator, vacuum, radiation, synchrotron 3287
 
  • X. Hu, L. Yin, Q.G. Zhou
    SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
 
  Funding: National foundation for scientific infrastructure, Development and Reform Commission of China.
Five new beamlines are under design and construction at SSRF to supply the synchrotron radiation for the structural biology research in the protein project. Two in-vacuum undulators with canted angle of 6mrad are arranged in a 6.5m long straight section in order to keep the potential to accommodate more beamlines for the future. Limited by the length of the straight section and the angle between two beamlines, the layout design in the straight section is rather difficult to satisfy the required photon flux to the beamline and keep the normal design of the undulator. Many main components will be redesigned in this section on the base of existing ones, including in-vacuum undulator, correction magnet, RF bellows, photon absorbers and so on. In this paper the layout design and the modified design for some key components are described.
 
 
THPO005 A Dipole Power Supply Based on Multi-lever Inverter Technique power-supply, controls, dipole, status 3343
 
  • Y.X. Chen, D.Q. Gao, Y.Z. Huang, R.K. Wang, H.B. Yan
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
 
  By applying multi-lever inverter technique to ion accelerator power supply, it can provide steady current in wide range, increase the power supply’s equivalent output frequency, then further promote power supply’s response capability and reduce the output ripple current. This article firstly by giving a detailed introduction of composite and basic working process of dipole power supply which also applied the technique mentioned above, interpret the working principle of multi-lever inverter, and illustrate its advantages. However, applying this technique will make controller more complicated, which need to be overcome by digital regulator technique. And meanwhile digital regulator technique can improve the power supply's performance. The second part of this article briefly introduces the overall scheme of digital regulator. And at last, this article illustrate the dipole power supply meet to design target and make some improvement by using the practical results to prove that applying multi-level inverter technique into accelerator power supply is practicable and beneficial.  
 
THPO006 A Digital Power Supply Control Model in Heavy-ion Accelerator based on Dual Nios Cores power-supply, controls, heavy-ion, pick-up 3346
 
  • R.K. Wang, Y.X. Chen, D.Q. Gao, Y.Z. Huang, H.B. Yan, H.H. Yan, Z.Z. Zhou
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • R.K. Wang
    Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
 
  According to the features of digital power supply and the requirements of pulse mode,this paper introduces a Digital Power Supply Control Mode(DPSCM) in Heavy-Ion Accelerator based on dual Nios cores,which meets the requirements of two basic running modes. The new method develops a system on-chip based on dual Nios cores by using SOPC technology in the Altera EP2C70 FPGA. Compared with traditional DPSCM,the dual Nios cores run simultaneously and cooperate well. As a result,the efficiency of the system is remarkably improved. Further,cores in parallel can realize reference waveforms switch in pulse mode effectively. We choose a 1150A/185V power supply as test bench. The Experimental result indicates that the system can realize the function of pulse mode,and the stability and tracking error meet the design requirements.  
 
THPS001 Experimental Studies of Beam Loss during Low Energy Operation with Electron Cooled Heavy Ions in the ESR emittance, bunching, space-charge, resonance 3424
 
  • P.A. Görgen, O. Boine-Frankenheim
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • S. Appel, C. Dimopoulou, S.A. Litvinov, M. Steck
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  At the ESR at GSI electron cooled heavy ion beams are decelerated to 4 MeV/u and extracted for the HITRAP experiment. We will report about cooling equilibrium measurements at 4 and 30 MeV/u for Ar18+ coasting beams. We compare the equilibrium beam parameters with results from beam dynamics simulations using the BETACOOL code and an analytic model of reduced complexity. The time slot in which HITRAP accepts beam is 2μs long. For optimum efficiency the beam has to be bunched to this length before extraction. The obtained bunch profiles are compared to longitudinal beam dynamics simulations. Our measurements show that at both energies bunching leads to severe beam loss. The estimated transverse space charge tune shifts during the rf bunching indicate that resonance crossing might be responsible for the observed the beam loss. The influence of the tune shift will be further evaluated through resonance measurements.  
 
THPS006 Present Status of Beam Cooling and Related Research at S-LSR laser, electron, proton, betatron 3436
 
  • A. Noda, M. Nakao, H. Souda, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
  • T. Fujimoto, S.I. Iwata, S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba, Japan
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
  • K. Ito, H. Okamoto
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  • K. Jimbo
    Kyoto IAE, Kyoto, Japan
  • K. Noda, T. Shirai
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
 
  Funding: Work supported by Advanced Compact Accelerator Development project of MEXT, and Global COE Program, "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence" at Kyoto University.
With the use of Ion Storage and Cooler Ring, S-LSR at ICR, Kyoto University, Mg ion beam with 40 keV has been laser cooled not only in the longitudinal direction but also in the horizontal direction by "Synchro-Betatron Coupling". Laser cooling is now tried to be extended to vertical direction with horizontal and vertical coupling with the use of a solenoid magnetic field. At S-LSR, an electron beam cooling is also applied for 7MeV proton beam, resulting an ordered state. Electron beam cooling is also applied for rf captured bunched beam and a short pulse proton beam with the duration of ~3 ns is fast extracted in order to enable beam irradiation. A beam course is now being constructed to irradiate bio-molecular cells vertically from the bottom through a thin film separating the accelerator vacuum from the cultivating liquid containing the cells in the air.
 
 
THPS009 Coherent Electron Cooling Demonstration Experiment electron, FEL, hadron, wiggler 3442
 
  • V. Litvinenko, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, J. Bengtsson, A.V. Fedotov, Y. Hao, D. Kayran, G.J. Mahler, W. Meng, T. Rao, T. Roser, B. Sheehy, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, V. Yakimenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • G.I. Bell, D.L. Bruhwiler, V.H. Ranjbar, B.T. Schwartz
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • A. Hutton, G.A. Krafft, M. Poelker, R.A. Rimmer
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • M.A. Kholopov, P. Vobly
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
 
  Coherent electron cooling (CEC) is considered to be on of potential candidates capable of cooling high-energy, high-intensity hadron beams to very small emittances. It also has a potential to significantly boost luminosity of high-energy hadron-hadron and electron-hadron colliders. In a CEC system, a perturbation of the electron density caused by a hadron is amplified and fed back to the hadrons to reduce the energy spread and the emittance of the beam. Following the funding decision by DoE office of Nuclear Physics, we are designing and building coherent electron cooler for a proof-of-principle experiment at RHIC to cool 40 GeV heavy ion beam. In this paper, we describe the layout of the CeC installed into IP2 interaction region at RHIC. We present the design of the CeC cooler and results of preliminary simulations.  
 
THPS012 Simulation of the Generation and Transport of Laser-Accelerated Ion Beams electron, target, laser, simulation 3445
 
  • O. Boine-Frankenheim, V. Kornilov
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • L. Zsolt
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  In the framework of the LIGHT project a dedicated test stand is under preparation at GSI for the transport and focusing of laser accelerated ion beams. The relevant acceleration mechanism for the parameters achievable at the GSI PHELIX laser is the TNSA (Target Normal Sheath Acceleration). The subsequent evolution of the ion beam can be described rather well by the isothermal plasma expansion model. This model assumes an initial dense plasma layer with a 'hot' electron component and 'cold' ions. We will present 1D and 2D simulation results obtained with the VORPAL code on the expansion of the beam and on the cooling down of the neutralizing electrons. The electrons and their temperature can play an important role for the focusing of the beam in a solenoid magnet, as foreseen in the GSI test stand. We will discuss possible controlled de-neutralization schemes using external magnet fields.  
 
THPS013 Radiation Pressure Acceleration of Multi-ion Thin Foil laser, proton, acceleration, target 3448
 
  • T.-C. Liu, G. Dudnikova, M.Q. He, C.-S. Liu, R.Z. Sagdeev, X. Shao, J.-J. Su
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
 
  Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) is considered as an efficient way to produce quasi-monoenergetic ions, in which an ultra-thin foil is accelerated by high intensity circularly polarized laser. Our simulation study shows that an important factor limiting this acceleration process is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which results in the exponential growth of the foil density perturbation during the acceleration and hence the induced transparency of the foil and broadening of the particle energy spectrum. We will study RPA of multi-ion thin foil made of carbon and hydrogen and investigate the possibility of using abundant electrons supplied from carbon to delay the foil from becoming transparent, enhance the acceleration of protons and therefore improve the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton beam. We will show the dependence of the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton and carbon beam on the density and concentration ratio of carbon and hydrogen in the foil as well as foil thickness for RPA.  
 
THPS014 Laser Thin Gas Target Acceleration for Quasi-monoenergetic Proton Generation laser, target, proton, acceleration 3451
 
  • M.Q. He, G. Dudnikova, C.-S. Liu, T.-C. Liu, R.Z. Sagdeev, X. Shao, J.-J. Su
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
  • Z.M. Sheng
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
 
  We propose a scheme of laser thin gas target acceleration for quasi-monoenergetic proton generation. The scheme uses gas target of thickness about several laser wavelengths with gas density spatial distribution of Guassian or square of sine shape. We performed Particle-In-Cell simulation using circularly polarized laser of normalized maximum amplitude ~5 and hydrogen gas target of thickness ~5 laser wavelength with peak density three times of the critical density. The simulation demonstrates several key physical processes involved in the laser thin gas target acceleration and the observation of quasi-monoenergetic protons. During the early phase of the laser plasma interaction, electron and ion cavities are observed. A compressed plasma layer is formed. The reflected protons in front of the compressed layer are accelerated and thus a bunch of quasi-monoenergetic protons are obtained. The compressed layer is finally destroyed due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The acceleration of the quasi-monoenergetic proton then stops with maximum energy about 8 MeV. It is also found that gas target thickness plays an important role for efficient quasi-monoenergetic proton generation.  
 
THPS016 Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility at VECC : Present and Future cavity, rfq, ion-source, acceleration 3454
 
  • R.K. Bhandari, A. Bandyopadhyay, A. Chakrabarti, V. Naik
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
 
  Funding: This project if funded by Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.
An ISOL –post accelerator type Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility is being developed at our centre. The RIBs will be produced by using light ion induced fusion evaporation and by using photo-fission reaction, using a 50 MeV 2mA SC electron linac that is being developed in collaboration with TRIUMF, Canada. The primary reaction products will be ionized using two-ion source charge breeder. The possibility of feeding the primary reaction products directly to an ECR ion source using multi-stage skimmer and gas jet transport technique is being explored at present. An extended rod type heavy ion RFQ, one buncher and three IH cavities have been successfully accelerated stable beams up to about 415 keV/u. Three more IH cavities will increase the energy to about 1.3 MeV/u and SC QWRs will augment the energy thereafter. In the next stage of development, an Advanced National Facility for Unstable & Rare Isotope Beams (ANURIB) has been envisaged. This green field project will deliver stable & RIBs from 1.5 keV/u to 100 MeV/u. This will have both ISOL type and PFS type facility. Neutron & positron beams based facilities will also be built around the e- linac.
 
 
THPS017 Simulation of Hollow Beam Formation at the Initial Part of RIB Transport Channel of SPIRAL2 simulation, solenoid, emittance, focusing 3457
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • F.R. Osswald
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
 
  The initial part of Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) transport channel of SPIRAL2 consists of 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source, focusing solenoid, triplet of quadrupole lenses and 90-degrees analyzing bending magnet. The supporting gas (Nitrogen) current of ECRIS used in RIB production has a value about 1 mA. The influence of the Nitrogen beam self-fields may leads to hollow beam formation in the transported ion species at the part of beam line placed after the focusing solenoid. This effect increases the RIB emittance and therefore complicates the RIB transport. In this report the numerical simulation of hollow beam formation is fulfilled. The threshold current of ECRIS supporting gas which gives a hollow beam formation of transported ions is defined. The influence of the beam neutralization is taking into account. The possible neutralization factor is found from results of simulation of GANIL Test Bench. The simulation of a variant of quadrupoles focusing system of the initial part of RIB transport channel is performed. The influence of the Nitrogen beam space charge on transport of 120+ ions with energy of 60 keV is studied.  
 
THPS020 Development of C6+ Laser Ion Source laser, target, acceleration, ion-source 3460
 
  • A. Yamaguchi
    Toshiba Corporation, Power And Industrial Systems Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Japan
 
  A C6+ laser ion source has been developed for a heavy ion accelerator, which supplies pulsed ion beam for single-turn injection system of a synchrotron by one laser shot. A graphite plate is irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm of wavelength, 1.4 J of maximum laser energy, 10 ns of pulse duration) to generate carbon ions. The characteristics of the ion beam were studied by using the time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and the magnetic momentum analyzer. Results of the experiments are presented.  
 
THPS021 Methods to Obtain High Intensity Proton Ion Beams with Low Emittance from ECR Ion Source at Peking University plasma, ion-source, extraction, emittance 3463
 
  • H.T. Ren
    Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, S.X. Peng, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, M. Zhang, J. Zhao, Q.F. Zhou
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
 
  Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China 11075008.
With the development of accelerator technology, to obtain an ion beam with high intensity and low emittance is becoming one of the main goals of research for ion sources. At Peking University we have developed several 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources for different projects and we paid close attention to the beam intensity increasing as well as the beam emittance reduction. Methods are adopted to improve beam intensity by increasing the density of plasma inside the discharge chamber, optimizing the geometry pinch effect and the perveance at the extraction aperture. To suppress the emmitance increasing of an extracted beam, the shape of the electrodes as well as the voltage of suppression electrode are carefully selected With these efforts, a 120 mA total proton beam has been extracted from the permanent magnet ECR ion source at 50 kV, and the measured normalized rms emittance is less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad. The beam current density at the extraction aperture is about 420 mA/cm2.
 
 
THPS022 Improvement of the 20 MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI ion-source, proton, emittance, linac 3466
 
  • H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government.
The 20 MeV proton accelerator has been operating since 2007 when it got a operational license at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP). A microwave ion source was newly developed to satisfy the requirement of minimum 100 hour operation time without maintenance. After the long time operation test at test bench, it was installed to drive the 20 MeV proton accelerator. The beam profile and emittance were measured to check the characteristics of the accelerator both at the LEBT and at the end of the 20 MeV DTL. In this paper, the microwave ion source is presented and the measurement results of the beam property are discussed.
 
 
THPS023 Automatic Tuner Unit Design, Simulation and Measurement for Automatic Operation of the RF System in the ESS-Bilbao H+ Ion Source impedance, plasma, controls, ion-source 3469
 
  • L. Muguira, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, M. Eguiraun, F.J. Fernandez Huerta, J. Feuchtwanger, N. Garmendia, O. Gonzalez, J. Verdu
    ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla
    University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
 
  Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The Ion Source responsible intended to generate a high current and low emittance proton beam for the ESS-Bilbao is currently under construction. The plasma in the source is generated by coupling the 2.72 GHz power input from a Klystron through a magnetic field with an intensity close to the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) field at the input RF frequency. The electrical behavior of the plasma strongly depends on different plasma characteristics which, at the same time, also depend on the microwave absorption. Thus, in order to maximize the RF power transferred to the plasma, a waveguide automatic tuner unit is employed to match the generator output to the electric impedance of the plasma. This device is generally adjusted manually. In this paper, the design, the 1D and 3D simulation, and measurements are presented which allows us to propose an automatic and real time control of the device. In a first approximation, with the aim of testing the proper operation of the automatic tuner unit, an in-house variable phase shifter and attenuator has been designed and manufactured to simulate the electric behavior of the plasma.
 
 
THPS025 Overview of the Status and Developments on Primary Ion Sources at CERN linac, plasma, cathode, proton 3472
 
  • R. Scrivens, M. Kronberger, D. Kuchler, J. Lettry, O. Midttun, M.M. Paoluzzi, H. Pereira, C. Schmitzer
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the Grant Agreement no 212114.
CERN has 2 operational primary beam ion sources, that are presently used for the production of beam for LHC as well as several other facilities. Protons are produced by a duoplasmatron source, and ions from the GTS-LHC ECR ion source. In addition, new sources are required for a new 160MeV H Linac, and development has been made on a high power RF plasma generator which could serve for a future high power Linac. In this report, the present status will be given, along with operational statistics and experience for the operation sources, and the development programme reported for the future sources.
 
 
THPS026 Surface Plasma H Ion Source with Saddle RF Antenna Plasma Generator plasma, gun, extraction, ion-source 3475
 
  • V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
  • S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  Funding: *Work supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0002690.
In this project is developed a prototype RF H surface plasma source (SPS) with saddle (SA) RF antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability. Several versions of new plasma generators with a small AlN test chamber and different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the SNS ion source Test Stand. A prototype SA SPS was installed in the Test Stand with a larger, normal-sized SNS AlN chamber that achieved unanalyzed peak currents of up to 67 mA with an apparent efficiency of 1.6 mA/kW. Control experiments with H beam produced by SNS SPS with internal and external antennas were conducted. A new version of the RF triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor testing.
 
 
THPS027 Cesiation in Highly Efficient Surface Plasma Sources plasma, brightness, cathode, ion-source 3478
 
  • V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported in part by STTR grant DE-SC0002690.
Features of cesiation* in different modifications of H-/D- source designs have been considered. New sources under development include advanced versions of Compact Surface Plasma Sources (CSPS) which will efficiently generate brighter beam in noiseless discharge, deliver significantly increased (up to 20 mA) average current with better electrode cooling using new materials, have significantly extended lifetime and reduced cesium consumption. Related ion sources that use cesium are described and an improved cesiation procedure for reproducible production of high efficiency H ion generation is considered.
* V. Dudnikov, SU Author Certificate, C1.H01 3/04, No. 411542, 10 March, 1972.
 
 
THPS034 Studies on Electron Cloud Dynamics for an Optimized Space Charge Lens Design electron, plasma, space-charge, diagnostics 3493
 
  • K. Schulte, M. Droba, B. Glaeser, S. Klaproth, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by HIC for FAIR.
Space charge lenses using a stable electron cloud for focusing low energy heavy ion beams are an alternative concept to conventional ion optics. Due to external fields electrons are confined inside the lens’ volume. In case of a homogeneously distributed electron cloud the linear electric space charge field enables beam focusing free of aberration. Since the mapping quality of the lens is related to the confinement, non-destructive diagnostics has been developed to determine the plasma parameters and to characterize the collective behavior of the confined nonneutral plasma. Moreover, a scaled up space charge lens was constructed for a detailed investigation of the nonneutral plasma properties as well as beam interactions with a stable confined electron cloud. Experimental results will be presented in comparison with numerical simulations.
 
 
THPS036 Development of Thin NCS-foils by N+ Ion Beam Sputtering and Their Characteristics target, heavy-ion, scattering 3499
 
  • I. Sugai, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Hattori, K.K. Kawasaki
    RLNR, Tokyo, Japan
 
  We have developed thin Nitride Carbon Stripper foils (NCS-foil) with a higher nitrogen content by ion beam sputtering method with reactive nitrogen gas. Such NCS-foils have been demonstrated that the foils in range of 10-25 ug/m2 have shown long-lifetime as stripper foil against high intensity heavy ion beam bombardment. From the results, we found that the nitrogen element in the carbon foils plays very important role of the foil lifetime. Therefore, in order to investigate further influence of the lifetime on the nitrogen amount in the NCS-foils, we measured the sputtering yield at the different sputtering angles and carbon source materials. We also measured the ratio of nitrogen in carbon foil made at the different sputtering angles, target materials and the sputtering voltages of 4-15 kV by means of RBS method. The foil-lifetime made in above different conditions was measured with a 3.2 MeV Ne+ ion beam. The lifetime does not essentially depend on the sputtering angles and the target materials, and the maximum and average lifetimes showed 240 and 40 times longer than that of the CM-best foils.  
 
THPS037 Performance Characteristics of HBC-foils by 650 KeV H and DC High Intensity Ion Beam Irradiation target, cathode, light-ion, heavy-ion 3502
 
  • I. Sugai, Y. Irie, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M. Kinsho, Y. Yamazaki, M. Yoshimoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
 
  Newly developed Hybrid type Boron mixed Carbon stripper foils (HBC-stripper foil) are extensively used for not only J-PARC, for but also LANL-PSR since September of 2007. In order to know further characteristics of the HBC-stripper foils, we measured following parameters; foil lifetimes, thickness reduction, uniformity before and after beam irradiation and foil shrinkage, using 3.2 MeV Ne+ DC beam from TIT-Van de Grraff and 650 keV DC proton beam at KEK Cock-Croft accelerators, which are almost the same energy deposition as well as the J-PARC. We also investigated sputtering yield by hydrogen ion beam, thermal conductivity, weight change in heating and density of the HBC-stripper foils. We compared these values with other tested carbon stripper foils such as commercially available carbon foils (CM-foil), synthetic diamond (DM-foil) and nano-tube carbon foils (NTC-foil). Through these experiments, the HBC-stripper foils showed superior performance characteristics, in especially, on the lifetime at temperature higher than 1800K compared with other tested CM-, DM- and NTC-foils.  
 
THPS044 Study of Charge Exchange Injection in HITFiL injection, synchrotron, emittance, dipole 3520
 
  • W.P. Chai, J. Shi, J.W. Xia, J.C. Yang
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
 
  A new accelerator complex dedicated to hadron cancer therapy, Heavy-Ion Therapy Facility in Lanzhou (HITFiL), is proposed and designed. Based on the operating experience and existing technology on HIRFL-CSR, a heavy-ion cyclotron is used as an injector instead of a linac. A heavy-ion synchrotron as main component is designed with special attention paid to compact structure, high reliability and low cost. HITFiL is designed to accommodate both proton and carbon-ion using the same injecting channel but different injecting points. Charge exchange injection scheme, which is more efficient compared with single-turn injection but less costly compared with multiple multi-turn injection aided by electron-cooling, is adopted. H2+ or C5+ beams, pre-accelerated by the cyclotron, are stripped into H+ or C6+ by a carbon foil at injection point, then injected and merged into synchrotron coasting orbit. The design of the injection system is presented in this paper. The whole injection process is simulated, optimization of parameters on injecting efficiency, painting scheme and emittance growth are performed. The resulting beam distribution in phase space after injection is achieved.  
 
THPS045 Beam Emittance Measurement in the Injection Beam Line for a Cyclotron Accelerator Mass Spectrometer cyclotron, injection, extraction, emittance 3523
 
  • D.G. Kim, H.-C. Bhang
    SNU, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • J.-W. Kim
    NCC, Korea, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant No. 20110018946, and also by World Class University project of the NRF.
A carbon beam was extracted and measured in the injection beam line built for an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) based on a cyclotron. The cyclotron AMS has been designed to realize a compact AMS having a mass resolving power of around 4000 for a negative 14C beam. The beam line is a prototype to ensure the capability to match the beam phase space with the acceptance of the cyclotron. The injection beam line consists of an ion source, Einzel lens, rf buncher, 90 degree dipole magnet and a beam diagnostic box with a slit system. The ion source with a hot filament is a commercial product, and all other elements were designed and built in house. Some measurement results of the beam line components as well as beam emittance will be presented.
 
 
THPS046 Transport Beam Lines for NICA Accelerator Complex booster, collider, quadrupole, lattice 3526
 
  • O.S. Kozlov, A.V. Eliseev, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhailov, A.O. Sidorin, N.D. Topilin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  In the last years Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) project is being developed by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia. The goal of the project is to construct new accelerator complex that will be used for colliding ion beams on first stage and colliding polarized proton/deuteron beams on second stage of the project. NICA accelerator complex will consist of two linear accelerators, two superconducting synchrotrons, two superconducting storage rings of the collider and transport beamlines. Geometry and magnetic system of NICA beamlines are presented in this report. Results of beam dynamics simulations within the beamlines are considered.  
 
THPS047 New Injection and Extraction at CRYRING for FLAIR extraction, injection, septum, kicker 3529
 
  • A. Simonsson, L. Brännholm, S. Das, A. Källberg, P. Löfgren, A. Paal, J. Sjöholm
    MSL, Stockholm, Sweden
  • H. Danared
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • D. Reistad
    Intégro Utbildnings AB, Sigtuna, Sweden
 
  As a preparation for a future transfer of CRYRING to FLAIR at FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany, we have installed and tested a slow extraction system. At FLAIR CRYRING will be used for deceleration of antiprotons from 30 MeV to 0.3 MeV. The tests of the slow extraction show that the beam can be extracted during 2 s with 30-60% efficiency and with rather constant amplitude, apart from noise from 50 Hz harmonics. A new injection system has also been designed. It will be able to inject 30 MeV antiprotons from NESR as well as 0.3 MeV/u ions created in a separate ion source and accelerated in an RFQ.  
 
THPS051 Development of Fragmented Low-Z Ion Beams for the NA61 Fixed-target Experiment at the CERN SPS target, secondary-beams, light-ion, injection 3541
 
  • I. Efthymiopoulos, O.E. Berrig, T. Bohl, H. Breuker, M. Calviani, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, D. Manglunki, S. Mataguez, S. Maury, J. Spanggaard, C. Valderanis
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • Z. Fodor
    KFKI, Budapest, Hungary
  • M. Gazdzicki
    IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
  • F. Gouber, A. Ivashkin
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • P. Seyboth
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  • H. Stroebele
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  The NA61 experiment, aims to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement at low SPS energies and to find signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter. A broad range in T-μB phase diagram will be covered by performing an energy (13A-158A GeV/c) and system size (p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Ca, Xe+La) scan. In a first phase, fragmented ion beams of 7Be or 11C produced as secondaries with the same momentum per nucleon when the incident primary Pb-ion beam hits a thin Be target will be used. The H2 beam line that transports the beam to the experiment acts as a double spectrometer which combined with a new thin target (degrader) where fragments loose energy proportional to the square of their charge allows the separation of the wanted A/Z fragments. Thin scintillators and TOF measurement for the low energy points are used as particle identification devices. In this paper results from the first test of the fragmented ion beam done in 2010 will be presented showing that a pure Be beam can be obtained satisfying the needs of the experiment.  
 
THPS059 Thermo-mechanical Design of Particle-stopping Devices at the High Energy Beamline Sections of the IFMIF/EVEDA Accelerator simulation, linac, rfq, focusing 3562
 
  • D. Iglesias, F. Arranz, B. Brañas, J.M. Carmona, N. Casal, A. Ibarra, C. Oliver, M. Parro, I. Podadera, D. Rapisarda
    CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
 
  Funding: Work partially supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under project AIC10-A-000441 and ENE2009-11230.
The IFMIF/EVEDA linear accelerator is a 9 MeV, D+ prototype for the validation of the 40 MeV final IFMIF design. The high intensity, 125 mA CW, high power beam (1.125 MW) produces an extremely high thermal load in all the elements intercepting the ions. Independently of the final purpose of each device, if its working conditions imply stopping a non-negligible amount of particles, the associated thermal solicitation greatly determines the design constraints. The present work will summarize a thermo-mechanical design workflow that can be applied to any beam facing element of high current accelerators and its application in beam dump, scrappers and slits design. This approach is based on analysis experiences at the IFMIF/EVEDA project and, while taking into account the particularities of each device, uses the same tools and parameter evaluation criteria for all of them. It has been applied successfully to recent designs, effectively reducing the number of iterations before achieving a valid thermo-mechanical behavior. Results of each design and the concrete advantages of this approach will be detailed.
 
 
THPS062 Cavity-recirculated Laser Charge Stripping of Hydrogen Ions neutron, cavity, radiation, laser 3568
 
  • I. Jovanovic
    Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
  • R. Tikhoplav
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
High-intensity proton accelerators such as those at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Spallation Neutron Source require an intense, robust, reliable, and low-cost source of hydrogen ions. Laser-based charge stripping is a promising, high-efficiency method that could meet the requirements of present and future facilities. We are seeking to improve the efficiency of hydrogen ion stripping by an order of magnitude using laser recirculation. In our approach we recirculate a high-power laser using the technique termed recirculation injection by nonlinear gating, with a frequency-doubling nonlinear crystal as an efficient switch that allow pulse injection into the cavity. We present our progress on cavity development and the preliminary experimental assessment of cavity performance in high-radiation environment. Our experimental studies were conducted by irradiating the nonlinear crystal used in the laser cavity by fast neutrons in a research nuclear reactor and measuring its change in transmissivity.
 
 
THPS066 Technical Overview of the SIEMENS Particle Therapy Accelerator synchrotron, proton, linac, extraction 3577
 
  • V. Lazarev, O. Chubarov, S. Emhofer, G. Franzini, S. Göller, B. Nagorny, A. Robin, H. Rohdjess, R. Rottenbach, A.C. Sauer, R. Schedler, T. Sieber, B. Steiner, J. Tacke, D.B. Thorn, T. Uhl, P. Urschütz, O. Wilhelmi
    Siemens Med, Erlangen, Germany
  • M. Budde, J.S. Gretlund, H.B. Jeppesen, C.V. Nielsen, C.G. Pedersen, Ka.T. Therkildsen, S.V. Weber
    Siemens DK, Jyllinge, Denmark
 
  Siemens has developed an accelerator system for particle therapy. It consists of an injector (7 MeV/u protons and light ions) and a compact synchrotron able to accelerate proton beams up to 250 MeV and carbon ions up to 430 MeV/u. These beams are extracted slowly from the synchrotron and delivered to a number of beam ports. The first accelerator system has been built and commissioned up to the first two beam outlets. An overview of the achieved performance of the system is presented.
*Particle therapy is a work in progress and requires country-specific regulatory approval prior to clinical use.
 
 
THPS070 Status Report of the CNAO Construction and Commissioning proton, synchrotron, extraction, linac 3589
 
  • M. Pullia
    CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
 
  The CNAO (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy) is the first Italian center for deep hadrontherapy. The main accelerator is a synchrotron, based on the PIMMS design, capable to accelerate carbon ions up to 400 MeV/u and protons up to 250 MeV. Four treatment lines, in three treatment rooms, are foreseen in a first stage. The CNAO facility, has been designed for a completely active beam delivery system, in which a pencil beam is scanned transversely and the extracted beam energy can be changed on a spill to spill basis. The commissioning of the synchrotron started in August 2010. At the beginning of 2011 the first Spread Out Bragg Peaks with proton beams in the energy range 120-170 MeV/u, matching the first foreseen treatments, have been measured. The commissioning of the machine with protons has now been completed and authorisation to treatment of patients has been obtained from the competent authorities. The commissioning with carbon ions is in progress.  
 
THPS071 The HIMAC Beam-intensity Control System for Heavy-ion Scanning controls, feedback, extraction, status 3592
 
  • K. Mizushima
    Chiba University, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
  • T. Furukawa, Y. Iwata, K. Katagiri, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • E. Takeshita
    Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
 
  Raster scanning irradiation has been carried out at a HIMAC new treatment facility in NIRS. In order to reduce the difference between prescribed and delivered dose distribution, the accurate beam-intensity control with a low ripple and the fast beam-on/off switching are strongly required. For this purpose, we have developed a new beam-intensity control system using the RF-knockout slow extraction. To keep the beam rate constant, this system controls the transverse RF voltage with the feedback proportional-integral control. In addition, the beam-on/off response was improved by the fast quadrupole magnets and the implementation of the transverse beam preheating method. As a result of the system commissioning, it was verified that this system can modulate the beam-intensity with a low ripple and switch the beam-on/off with quick responses. We will report the result in detail.  
 
THPS072 Commissioning of NIRS Fast Scanning System for Heavy-ion Therapy target, controls, synchrotron, monitoring 3595
 
  • T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • E. Takeshita
    Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
 
  The commissioning of NIRS fast scanning system was started in September 2010, when the first beam was successfully delivered from the HIMAC synchrotron to the new treatment room. After the fine tuning of the new transport line, the commissioning of the scanning system was carried out as following steps; 1) verification of the beam size, position and intensity stability; 2) verification of beam scanning performance and calibration; 3) verification of beam monitor performance; 4) dose measurement of pencil beams for the beam parameterization in the treatment planning system; and 5) verification of 3D dose conformation. As a result of the commissioning, we verified that the new scanning delivery system can produce an accurate 3D dose distribution for the target volume in combination with the planning software. We will report the commissioning results and the performance of the scanning system.  
 
THPS073 Dosimetric Impact of Multiple Energy Operation in Carbon-ion Radiotherapy target, synchrotron, simulation, scattering 3598
 
  • T. Inaniwa, T. Furukawa, N. Kanematsu, S. Mori, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
 
  In radiotherapy with a scanned carbon beam, its Bragg peak is placed within the target volume either by inserting the range shifter plates or by changing the beam energy extracted from the synchrotron. The former method (range shifter scanning: RS) is adopted in NIRS while the latter method (active energy scanning: ES) has been used in GSI and HIT. In NIRS, an intermediate method, a combination scanning (CS), is now under consideration where eleven beam energies having the ranges with 30 mm intervals are prepared and used in conjunction with the range shifter plates for slighter range shift. The disadvantages of the RS are the beam spread due to the multiple scattering within the range shifter plates and the production of fragment particles through the nuclear reactions within them. On the other hand, for the ES, severely time-consuming beam commissioning and the expensive devices are required. In this study, we compare these three methods from the viewpoint of dose distributions and the impacts for clinical cases will be discussed.  
 
THPS074 Design of Superconducting Rotating-gantry for Heavy-ion Therapy quadrupole, superconducting-magnet, heavy-ion, dipole 3601
 
  • Y. Iwata, T. Furukawa, A. I. Itano, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, T. Shirai
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • N. Amemiya
    KUEE, Kyoto, Japan
  • T. Obana
    NIFS, Gifu, Japan
  • T. Ogitsu
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Tosaka, I. Watanabe
    Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan
  • M. Yoshimoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
 
  Tumor therapy using energetic carbon ions, as provided by the HIMAC, has been performed since June 1994, and more than 5000 patients were treated until now. With the successful clinical results, we constructed a new treatment facility. The new facility has three treatment rooms; two of them have both horizontal and vertical fixed-irradiation-ports, and the other has a rotating-gantry-port. For all the ports, a scanning-irradiation method is applied. The fixed-irradiation-ports were constructed and commissioned, and we are now designing the rotating gantry. This isocentric rotating-gantry can transport heavy ions having 430 MeV/u to the isocenter with irradiation angles of 0-360 degrees. For the magnets, combined-function superconducting-magnets will be employed. The use of the superconducting magnets allowed us to design the compact gantry; the length and radius of the gantry would be approximately 12m and 5m, which are comparable to those of the existing proton gantries. A part of the superconducting magnets will be constructed within this fiscal year. The design of the rotating gantry, including the beam optics as well as details of the superconducting magnets, will be presented.  
 
THPS075 Recent Progress of New Cancer Therapy Facility at HIMAC synchrotron, target, heavy-ion, controls 3604
 
  • T. Shirai, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, S. Sato, E. Takada, Y. Takei, E. Takeshita
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • T. Fujimoto, T. Kadowaki, T. Miyoshi, Y. Sano
    AEC, Chiba, Japan
 
  Since 1994, the carbon beam treatment has been continued at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The total number of patients treated is more than 5,000 in 2010. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, we have developed new treatment equipments toward adaptive cancer therapy with heavy ion at New Particle Therapy Research Facility in NIRS.  
 
THPS076 Sub-mm Therapeutic Carbon-Ion Irradiation Port in Gunma University betatron, lattice, linac, synchrotron 3607
 
  • K. Torikai, T. Kanai, N.T. Nakano, H. Shimada, E. Takeshita, M. Tashiro, S. Yamada, K. Yusa
    Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
  • K. Hanakawa, T. Honda, K. Yoshida
    Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kobe, Japan
 
  Funding: This Study was done by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI).
One of advantage of particle therapy is concentration of irradiation dose. In April 2011, we developed "in-body-focusing type" irradiation port for "Proof-of-Principle" . This sub-mm port produces 1mm(1σ) beam. we will explain this irradion port at the conference.
 
 
THPS077 Compact Superconducting Synchrocyclotrons at Magnetic Field Level of up to 10 T for Proton and Carbon Therapy proton, cyclotron, synchro-cyclotron, focusing 3610
 
  • A.I. Papash
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
  • G.A. Karamysheva
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • L.M. Onischenko
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
 
  Based on brief analysis of accelerators widely used for proton-ion therapy and patient cure during last 20 years the feasibility and importance of compact superconducting synchrocyclotrons operating at magnetic field level up to 10 T is outlined. The main component of modern commercial facility for proton-ion therapy is an isochronous cyclotron with room temperature or superconducting coils accelerating protons up to 250 MeV as well as synchrotron accelerating carbon ions up to 400 MeV/A. Usually ions are delivered from accelerator into the treatment room by transport lines. Irradiation is done by system of pointed to the patient magnets, collimators, energy degraders which are attached to the rotating Gantry. To greatly reduce price of facility (almost in one order of magnitude) and to simplify operational conditions of hospital personal it is proposed to provide iso-centric rotation of compact superconducting synchrocyclotron around the patient. Main physical and technical parameters are described in the paper.  
 
THPS082 Dose-homogeneity Driven Beam Delivery System Performance Requirements for MedAustron proton, target, extraction, scattering 3624
 
  • M. Palm, F. Moser
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • M. Benedikt, A. Fabich
    EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
  • M. Palm
    ATI, Wien, Austria
 
  MedAustron, the Austrian hadron therapy center is currently under construction. Irradiation will be performed using active scanning with proton or carbon ion pencil beams. Major beam delivery system contributors to dose heterogeneities during active scanning are evaluated: beam position, beam size and spot weight errors. Their individual and combined effect on the dose distribution is quantified, using semi-analytical models of lateral beam spread in the nozzle and target and depth-dose curves for protons and carbon ions. Deduced requirements on critical parts of the beam delivery system are presented. Preventive and active methods to suppress the impact of beam delivery inaccuracies are proposed.  
 
THPS086 Compact Beam Delivery Systems for Ion Beam Therapy simulation, beam-transport, quadrupole, focusing 3633
 
  • C. Sun, D. Arbelaez, S. Caspi, D. Robin, A. Sessler, W. Wan
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • M. Yoon
    POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
In this paper we present a coil winding concept for a large aperture, combined-function 90 degree magnet that allows for a significantly more compact carbon ion gantry. The winding concept enables the reduction in the size and weight of the magnet without compromising the important beam transport properties. Alternatively, a small aperture gantry requires a post-gantry scanner. We present a compact design for a post-gantry point-to-parallel scanning system.
 
 
THPS089 Application of Particle Accelerators to Study High Energy Density Physics in the Laboratory target, simulation, heavy-ion, plasma 3642
 
  • N.A. Tahir, T. Stöhlker
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • R. Piriz
    Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
  • A. Shutov
    IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia
  • A.A. Zharikov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
 
  High Energy Density (HED) Physics spans over wide areas of basic and applied physics. Strongly bunched high quality intense particle beams are an excellent tool to generate HED matter in the laboratory. Over the past decade, we have carried out extensive theoretical work to design HED physics experiments for the future FAIR facility at Darmstadt. These experiments will be carried out to study the equation-of-state properties of HED matter*, interiors of the Giant planets**, growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in solids and ideal fluids in the linear and the non-linear regimes*** as well as the solid constitutive properties of materials of interest under dynamic conditions.
* N.A. Tahir et al., PRL 95 (2005) 135004.
** N.A. Tahir et al., New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 073022.
*** N.A. Tahir et al., Phys. Plasmas 18 (2011) 032704.
 
 
THPZ017 Achromatic Low-beta Interaction Region Design for an Electron-ion Collider electron, sextupole, betatron, interaction-region 3723
 
  • V.S. Morozov, Y.S. Derbenev
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Supported in part by Muons, Inc.
An achromatic Interaction Region (IR) design concept is presented with an emphasis on its application at an electron-ion collider. A specially-designed symmetric Chromaticity Compensation Block (CCB) induces an angle spread in the passing beam such that it cancels the chromatic kick of the final focusing quadrupoles. Two such CCB’s placed symmetrically around an interaction point (IP) allow simultaneous compensation of the 1st-order chromaticities and chromatic beam smear at the IP without inducing significant 2nd-order aberrations. Special attention is paid to the difference in the electron and ion IR design requirements. We discuss geometric matching of the electron and ion IR footprints. We investigate limitations on the momentum acceptance in this IR design.
 
 
THPZ020 eRHIC Interaction Region Design electron, proton, lattice, interaction-region 3729
 
  • D. Trbojevic, J. Beebe-Wang, Y. Hao, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, V. Ptitsyn, N. Tsoupas
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V. Litvinenko
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
 
  Funding: *Work performed under a Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the US Department of Energy.
Interaction region design of the future electron ion collider at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (eRHIC) is presented. Polarized protons/Helium and heavy ions will collider with 5-30 GeV polarized electrons with a 10 mrad angle by using the crab cavity crossing. The interaction region is designed without bending electrons to avoid problems with synchrotron radiation. Use of the combined function magnet in the ion side allows detection of neutrons. Design allows detection of deep virtual scattering as well as detection of partons with lower energies (po/2.5). The betatron function at collisions is 5 cm assuming use of three dimensional electron beam cooling. Special chromaticity correction is applied in both sides of the ion straight section interaction region. Electrons arrive with avoiding completely synchrotron radiation at the detector. Special superconducting combined function magnet is designed to allow passage of electrons through the field free region.
 
 
THPZ025 Stability of the LHC Transfer lines injection, extraction, kicker, controls 3741
 
  • V. Kain, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, L.N. Drosdal, B. Goddard, M. Meddahi, J.A. Uythoven, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The LHC is filled from the SPS through two 3 km transfer lines. The injected beam parameters need to be well under control for luminosity performance, machine protection and operational efficiency. Small fractions of beam loss on the transfer line collimation system create showers which can trigger the sensitive LHC beam loss monitor system nearby and cause a beam abort during filling. The stability of the transfer line trajectory through the collimators is particularly critical in this respect. This paper will report on the transfer line trajectory stability during the proton run in 2011, correlations with injection losses, correction frequency and the most likely sources for the observed oscillations.  
 
FRYAA01 Review of Hadron Therapy Accelerators Worldwide and Future Trends proton, hadron, synchrotron, target 3784
 
  • K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
 
  Hadron beams have attractive growing interest for cancer treatment owing to their high dose localization at the Bragg peak and owing to high biological effect there, especially for heavy-ion beams. Recently, therefore, hadron cancer radiotherapy has been successfully carried out at various facilities and several facility construction projects have also been progressing in the world, based on the development of the accelerator and beam-delivery technologies. This report will review the development of the accelerator and beam-delivery technologies in the hadron beam radiotherapy facilities in the world.