IPAC2011 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPC028	Beam Acceleration of DPIS RFQ at IMP	rfq, ion, laser, target	128
	Z.L. Zhang, X.H. Guo, Y. He, Y. Liu, S. Sha, A. Shi, L.P. Sun, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China R.A. Jameson, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Beam test of the direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) is carried out successfully for the first time in China, by setting up a comprehensive test and research platform of RFQ and laser ion source. The C⁶⁺ beam is accelerated successfully, and the peak beam current reaches more than 6mA which is measured by a Faraday cup of unique structure. The RF power coupled into the RFQ cavity is also examined, and results reveal that it is the RF power of about 195kW that can produce the peak beam current.

MOPC031	Performance of a 13 MHz Cavity for an RF Implanter at PEFP*	cavity, coupling, ion, simulation	136
	T.A. Trinh UST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government A 13 MHz - normal conducting cavity for an rf implanter has been successfully developed at PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project). It consists of an inductive coil, accelerating electrodes and a ground electrode for the inductor. Quality factor of 2074 and critical coupling were achieved at resonant frequency of 12.658 MHz. Rf power of 1 kW was forwarded to the cavity without any spark in the cavity. Beam test was then carried out with a 27 keV helium beam generated from a Duoplasmatron ion source. The results showed that the helium beam was accelerated to final energy of 120 keV with energy spread of 1%. Detail experiments and results are addressed in this presentation.

MOPC147	Timing System for MedAustron Based on Off-The-Shelf MRF Transport Layer	controls, ion, synchrotron, light-ion	424
	R. Tavcar, J. Dedič, Z. Kroflic, R. Štefanič Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia J. Gutleber CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	MedAustron is a new particle accelerator-based ion beam research and therapy centre under construction in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. The timing system for its synchrotron-based accelerator is being developed in close collaboration with Cosylab. We have usedμResearch Finland (MRF) transfer layer and designed and implemented a generic, reusable high-level logic above transport layer inside the generator and receiver FPGA to fulfill machine specific requirements which exceed MRF's original high-level logic capabilities. The new timing system is suitable for small to mid-size accelerators. Its functionalities include support for virtual accelerators and a rich selection of event response mechanisms. The timing system uses a combination of a real-time link for downstream events and a non-real-time link for upstream messaging and non time-critical communication. This article explains the benefits of building a timing system on a proven, stable timing transport layer and describes the high-level services provided by MedAustron timing system.

MOPS043	Beam Performance in H⁻ Injector of LANSCE	emittance, simulation, space-charge, beam-transport	697
	Y.K. Batygin, C. Pillai, L. Rybarcyk LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	During beam development time in 2010 we performed a series of beam emittance and beam profile scans along 750-keV H⁻ beam transport and 800-MeV linac. The purpose of the measurements was to determine the effects of space charge, slow-wave intensity modulation or chopping, RF buncher fields, and vacuum conditions on beam performance. As previously reported, from our observation and analysis we concluded that the 750 keV H⁻ beam transport is space-charge uncompensated. This presentation will look at the relative importance of space-charge, chopping, and RF-buncher on the observed emittance growth for beam in the short and long pulse regime as well as the effects of beam line vacuum degradation on beam size and emittance at the end of the linac. Y. Batygin et al., “Space-charge effects in H⁻ Low-Energy Beam Transport of LANSCE,” to be published in Proc. of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, March 28-April 1, 2011, New York, NY.

TUPC106	Courant-Snyder Invariant Density Screening Method for Emittance Analysis	emittance, hadron, beam-transport, background	1263
	J.L. Sun, H.T. Jing, J. Tang IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The emittance is an important characteristic of describing charged particle beams. In hadron accelerators, we often meet irregular beam distributions that are not appropriate to be described with a single rms or 95% or total emittance. In many cases beam halo should be described with very different Courant-Snyder parameters from the ones for beam core. A new method – Courant-Snyder invariant density screening method is developed for analyzing emittance data clearly and accurately. The method treats emittance data from both measurements and numerical simulations. The method uses the statistical distribution of the beam around each particle in phase space to mark its local density parameter, and then uses the density distribution to calculate the beam parameters such as Courant-Snyder parameters and emittance for different beam boundary definitions. The method has been used in the calculations for the beams from difference sources, and shows its advantages over other methods. An application code based on the method including the graphic interface has also been designed using the Matlab software.

TUPS077	Shaping of Ion Pulses from an Electron Beam Ion Source for Particle Injection into Accelerators	ion, electron, proton, injection	1716
	F. Ullmann, A. Schwan DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany U. Hagen, O. Heid, H. von Jagwitz Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany G. Zschornack Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany
	Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) provide highly charged ions for many applications, amongst others for particle injection into accelerators. Although EBISs are limited in ion output they feature a lot of advantages which qualify them for accelerator injection. The ion pulses extracted from the ion sources can be directly injected into an accelerator sequence which however requires ion pulses with distinct shape and length. We present the production of ion pulses matching the requirements of particle injection. The ions are produced by trapping in a high density electron beam for a certain time with electrostatic potentials providing for their axial trapping. The ions are extracted by lowering the trapping potential, i.e. opening the trap. Due to the ion energy distribution within the trapping region ion extraction can be controlled by controlling the trapping potential. A specific time dependent control mode of the trapping potential thus allows to produce ion pulses with designated shape and length. Source parameters such as working gas pressure, electron beam current and energy are influencing the energy distribution of the ions which in turn is influencing pulse shaping.

TUPS078	Electron Beam Ion Sources – A New Access for Particle Acceleration	ion, electron, emittance, injection	1719
	F. Ullmann, F. Grossmann, V.P. Ovsyannikov, A. Schwan DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany G. Zschornack Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany
	Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) produce highly charged ions in a high density electron beam. Due to their operational principle EBISs have a lot of advantages although limited in ion output. Since the radial source region is given by a narrow electron beam the extracted ion beam features a very low transversal emittance. Moreover, the ions are ionized by a monoenergetic electron beam resulting in a small variation of the ion energy distribution, and thus in a very low longitudinal emittance. Together with a low basis pressure of less than 10^-9 mbar this result in a high quality ion beam. The ions can be extracted as continuous beam as well as ion pulses with distinct pulse shapes. Providing almost any element with any charge state of up to completely ionized ions gives a large number of different projectiles and kinetic energies. The use of EBISs whether based on permanent magnets or on cryogen-free superconducting magnets has been proven in a variety of fields and applications. In addition, their compact design makes them transportable, low in operational costs, and guarantee easy handling.

TUPS079	Construction of a Novel Compact High Voltage Electrostatic Accelerator	high-voltage, vacuum, target, ion	1722
	P. Beasley, O. Heid Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany
	A compact demonstrator system based on a Cockcroft-Walton (or Greinacher) cascade has been successfully built and tested. The concept has been developed using modern materials and a different design philosophy, which in turn can then enable this novel configuration to operate at much higher voltage gradients. This paper explores the progress made over the past 18 months and future plans to utilise the technology to develop one such concept for an energy efficient 10MV, 100μA, tandem proton accelerator, with a <2m2 footprint. The development of such a compact high voltage particle accelerator, with high current capability has the potential to access a wide range of commercial opportunities outside the laboratory.

TUPS080	Low Energy Bunching with a Double Gap RF Buncher	bunching, ion, proton, injection	1725
	H. von Jagwitz, U. Hagen, O. Heid, S. Setzer Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
	A compact double gap bunching system for low energy proton beams is presented. The system is designed for the bunching of a low current proton beam (less than 50μA) with an energy of 10 keV. The buncher operates at 150 MHz and bunches without significantly changing the beam energy. The beam is generated by an Electron Beam Ion Source and has to be bunched for the subsequent acceleration in a 150 MHz linear accelerator. The buncher contains two short gaps and an RF electrode inbetween. Thus the full length of the buncher in the beamline is in the range of 2 cm. The location of the bunch focus depends on the buncher power. The bunched beam was analysed at a distance of 550 mm with a fast faraday cup. The bunching effectivity was determined as 50%, which means that 50% of the protons of the beam were located in bunches with a width of 60°, which is a reasonable value of acceptance for a conventional accelerator cavity. Some theory and detailed results will be presented.

TUPS090	Operation Status of SECRAL at IMP	ion, plasma, ECR, solenoid	1750
	W. Lu, Y. Cao Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y.C. Feng, X.H. Guo, W. Lu, L.T. Sun, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	SECRAL (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou) is a fully superconducting ECR ion source built in 2005 with an innovative solenoid-inside-sextupole structure. Since then it has delivered many highly-charged ion beams for HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) at IMP (Institute of Modern Physics), such as Xe²⁷⁺，Kr¹⁹⁺，Bi³⁶⁺ and Ni¹⁹⁺, and its on-line operating time increases year by year. By January 2011, the operation time of SECRAL has totaled up to 5700 hours. The increasing demand for intensive highly-charged ion beams has lead to the continuous enhancement of the SECRAL. To meet the requirement for stable highly-charged metallic ion beams, double-frequency of 18 GHz + 24 GHz heating with an off-axis oven had been carried out in 2010. 60-80 euA of Bi³⁶⁺ were produced at microwave power of about 2 kW and had been delivered continuously to HIRFL for about 10 days without any breakdowns. A number of improvements were planned to further improve the long-term stability of metallic ion beams.

TUPS104	A Two Stage Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers	rfq, proton, ion, neutron	1786
	M.A. Clarke-Gayther STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) project at RAL will test a two stage fast beam chopper, designed to address the requirements of high power proton drivers for next generation spallation sources, neutrino factories, and radioactive waste transmutation plants. A description is given of the status of development of the proposed two stage beam chopper. The results of a recent study on the dimensional optimisation of the proposed slow-wave structures, together with details of an updated beam line configuration for the chopper components, will be presented.

WEYA01	Progress of the SPIRAL2 Project	ion, target, neutron, rfq	1912
	E. Petit GANIL, Caen, France
	The progress of the SPIRAL2 project, the R&D and tests of the key components should be reviewed together with the main challenges for the beam production.
	Slides WEYA01 [9.313 MB]

WEPC023	Beam Dynamics Simulations for the ESS-Bilbao H⁻ Ion Source	extraction, ion, simulation, emittance	2052
	I. Bustinduy, F.J. Bermejo, D. Fernandez-Cañoto, J.L. Munoz, I. Rodríguez ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain M. Eguiraun, J. Feuchtwanger, Z. Izaola ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	Simulations are performed for the Ion Source Test Stand (ITUR) of the ESS-Bilbao research accelerator facility. The beam dynamics is investigated as a function of the extraction voltages, the ion current, and the inclination angle of the ion source. The ITUR Penning H− ion source has the plasma aperture plate and extraction electrode inclined a certain angle with respect to the vertical axis to compensate for the Penning magnets field. The negative charged particles are extracted through a rectangular slit of 10×6 mm2. The extraction system is mainly composed of two devices, a rectangular extraction electrode and a refrigerated trumpet shaped device acting as an Einzel lens to focus the beam, and also, as a trap for neutral cesium atoms exiting from the source. Results are calculated and analyzed at the DC Current Transformer and pepperpot positions located at 245 mm and 882 mm from the ion source.

WEPC152	Android Based Mobile Monitoring System for EPICS Networks: Vacuum System Application*	controls, EPICS, monitoring, vacuum	2337
	I. Badillo, I. Arredondo, M. Eguiraun, J. Feuchtwanger, G. Harper ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain J. Jugo University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. When cabling is not really needed for performance reasons, wireless monitoring is a good choice for large scientific facilities like particle accelerators, due to the quick implementation. There are several wireless flavors: ZigBee, WiFi etc. depending on requirements of specific application. In this work, a wireless monitoring system for EPICS based on an Android device is presented. The task is to monitor the vacuum control system of ISHN project at ESSBilbao, where control system variables are acquired over the network and published in a mobile device. This allows the operator to check process variables everywhere the signal spreads. In this approach, a Python based server is continuously getting EPICS variables via CA protocol and sending them through a WiFi network using ICE middleware, a toolkit oriented to develop distributed applications. Finally, the mobile device reads and shows the data to the operator. The security of the communication is ensured by a limited WiFi signal spread, following the same idea as in NFC for larger distances. With this approach, local monitoring and control applications are easily implemented, useful in starting up and maintenance stages.

WEPC153	ISHN Ion Source Control System Overview and Future Developments	controls, power-supply, ion, plasma	2340
	M. Eguiraun, I. Arredondo, J. Feuchtwanger, G. Harper, M. del Campo ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain J. Jugo University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain S. Varnasseri ESS Bilbao, Derio, Spain
	Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. ISHN project consist on a Penning ion source which will deliver up to 65 mA of H⁻ beam pulsed at 50 Hz with a diagnostics vessel for beam testing purposes. The present work summarizes the control system of this research facility, and presents its future developments. ISHN consist of several power supplies for plasma generation and beam extraction, including auxiliary equipment and several diagnostics elements. The control system implemented with LabVIEW is based on PXI systems from National Instruments, using two PXI chassis connected through a dedicated fiber optic link between HV platform and ground. Source operation is managed by a real time processor, while additional tasks are performed by means of an FPGA. In addition, the control system uses a MySQL database for data logging, by means of a LabVIEW application connected to such DB. The integration of EPICS into the control system by deploying a Channel Access Server is the ongoing work, several alternatives are being tested. Finally, a high resolution synchronization system has been designed, for generating timing for triggers of plasma generation and extraction as well as data acquisition for beam diagnostics.

WEPC154	EPICS HyperArchiver: initial tests at ESSBilbao	controls, EPICS, insertion, ion	2343
	M. del Campo ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain M.G. Giacchini, L.G. Giovannini INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy J. Jugo University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The aim of this work is to present the results obtained after different tests performed regarding data storage for an Ion Source, by means of an EPICS control system at ESS-Bilbao (Spain). As a first approach, data was recorded on a MySQL database, using a traditional EPICS RDB Channel Archiver instance, maintained at ORNL SNS (USA). Nevertheless, initial results shown the need of an evolution towards a high performance scalable database. Therefore, current tests are focused on the customization and usage of a HyperArchiver instance, developed at INFN/LNL (Italy), which uses Hypertable as its main database. Hypertable is a distributed, high performance non relational database, released under GNU licence and focused on data-intensive tasks. At ESS Bilbao, a slightly modified version of the HyperArchiver was used, due to the necessity of an improvement on the management of array PVs. Regarding data retrieval and visualization, a python GUI developed at ESS-Bilbao was used, in opposition to the traditional CSS data browser, trying to make data retrieval as fast and simple as possible. Hypertable is presented as a high performance alternative to MySQL for any EPICS control system.

WEPC168	Implementation of a Workflow Model to Store and Analyze Measured Data at the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source Test Stand	ion, diagnostics, controls, emittance	2376
	Z. Izaola, M. Eguiraun, M. del Campo ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain I. Bustinduy ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. In order to fully characterize the experimentally measured beam in any accelerator facility, both diagnostics measurements and operating parameters need to be stored and correlated. Generating thus, a substantial amount of data. To address this problem in the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source Test Stand (ITUR), we have developed a software toolkit. This software stores Pepperpot, Faraday-Cup, Retarding Potential Analyzer, ACCT and DCCT measurements in a relational database associated with the operating parameter values at the time of measurement. Furthermore, the toolkit stores in the same database the beam transverse dynamics parameters processed from the pepperpot device. This allows to connect easily the beam physics with the accelerator running parameters. MySQL has been used as database backend and Matlab as programming language.

WEPC177	Collimation of High Intensity Ion Beams*	collimation, solenoid, ion, simulation	2403
	J. Pfister, O. Meusel IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany O.K. Kester GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: HIC for FAIR Intense ion beams with small phase space occupation (high brilliance) are mandatory to keep beam losses low in high current injector accelerators like those planned for FAIR. The low energy beam transport from the ion source towards the linac has to keep the emittance growth low and has to support the optimization of the ion source tune. The Frankfurt Neutron Source Facility FRANZ is currently under construction. An intense beam of protons (2 MeV, 200 mA) will be used for neutron production using the Li⁷(p,n)Be⁷ reaction for studies of the astrophysical s-process. A collimation channel, which can be adjusted to allow the transport of beams with a certain beam emittance, is an ideal tool to optimize the ion source tune in terms of beam brightness. Therefore a collimation channel in the Low Energy Beam Transport section will be used. Through defined apertures and transversal phase space rotation using focusing solenoids the beam halo as well as unwanted H₂⁺ and H₃⁺ fractions will be cut. Theoretical studies which were carried out so far and a first design of the setup will be presented.

WEPS035	Beam Measurements with the New RFQ Beam Matching Section at the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment	rfq, emittance, ion, diagnostics	2562
	M. Baschke, A. Schempp, J.S. Schmidt IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany H. Zimmermann Accelerator Services, Oberursel, Germany
	Funding: BMBF Funneling is a method to increase low energy beam currents in multiple stages. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a model of such a stage. The experiment is built up of two ion sources with electrostatic lens systems, a Two-Beam-RFQ accelerator, a funneling deflector and a beam diagnostic system. The two beams are bunched and accelerated in a Two-Beam RFQ. A funneling deflector combines the bunches to a common beam axis. A new beam transport system between RFQ accelerator and deflector has been constructed and mounted. With these extended RFQ-electrodes the drift between the Two-Beam-RFQ and the rf-deflector will be minimized and therefore unwanted emittance growth reduced. After first rf measurements current work are beam tests with the improved Two-Beam-RFQ. First results will be presented.

WEPS044	Status of the Ion Source and RFQ Test Bench at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre	ion, emittance, rfq, extraction	2586
	R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, J.M. Mosthaf, B. Naas, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, J. Schreiner, T. Winkelmann HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	The possibility of cancer treatment with proton and carbon beams provides HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre) with an exceptional feature and gives it a unique position in Europe. In the future, the variety of available ions will be extended towards helium and oxygen. To allow fast switching between three of these ion species an additional ion-source / spectrometer combination will be installed in the LEBT. For comprehensive tests of the new components a dedicated test bench including a beam emittance analyzer has been set up at the HIT facility. It opens up the opportunity to perform detailed investigations of the improved ECR ion source with its enhanced extraction system and the redesigned RFQ of the HIT injector. Parallel to the measurements, the beam optical model of the assembly could be refined to better reproduce the beam diagnostic results. Since August 2010 the test bench has been in operation in different configurations. Behind the RFQ a beamline comprising a phase-probe-based time-of-flight system and beam current measurement devices is set up. The aim is to determine the RFQ working point and to validate the optimizations in terms of particle transmission.

THPS016	Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility at VECC : Present and Future	cavity, ion, rfq, acceleration	3454
	R.K. Bhandari, A. Bandyopadhyay, A. Chakrabarti, V. Naik DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	Funding: This project if funded by Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. An ISOL post accelerator type Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility is being developed at our centre. The RIBs will be produced by using light ion induced fusion evaporation and by using photo-fission reaction, using a 50 MeV 2mA SC electron linac that is being developed in collaboration with TRIUMF, Canada. The primary reaction products will be ionized using two-ion source charge breeder. The possibility of feeding the primary reaction products directly to an ECR ion source using multi-stage skimmer and gas jet transport technique is being explored at present. An extended rod type heavy ion RFQ, one buncher and three IH cavities have been successfully accelerated stable beams up to about 415 keV/u. Three more IH cavities will increase the energy to about 1.3 MeV/u and SC QWRs will augment the energy thereafter. In the next stage of development, an Advanced National Facility for Unstable & Rare Isotope Beams (ANURIB) has been envisaged. This green field project will deliver stable & RIBs from 1.5 keV/u to 100 MeV/u. This will have both ISOL type and PFS type facility. Neutron & positron beams based facilities will also be built around the e^- linac.

THPS020	Development of C⁶⁺ Laser Ion Source	ion, laser, target, acceleration	3460
	A. Yamaguchi Toshiba Corporation, Power And Industrial Systems Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Japan
	A C⁶⁺ laser ion source has been developed for a heavy ion accelerator, which supplies pulsed ion beam for single-turn injection system of a synchrotron by one laser shot. A graphite plate is irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (10⁶⁴ nm of wavelength, 1.4 J of maximum laser energy, 10 ns of pulse duration) to generate carbon ions. The characteristics of the ion beam were studied by using the time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and the magnetic momentum analyzer. Results of the experiments are presented.

THPS021	Methods to Obtain High Intensity Proton Ion Beams with Low Emittance from ECR Ion Source at Peking University	ion, plasma, extraction, emittance	3463
	H.T. Ren Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, S.X. Peng, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, M. Zhang, J. Zhao, Q.F. Zhou PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China 11075008. With the development of accelerator technology, to obtain an ion beam with high intensity and low emittance is becoming one of the main goals of research for ion sources. At Peking University we have developed several 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources for different projects and we paid close attention to the beam intensity increasing as well as the beam emittance reduction. Methods are adopted to improve beam intensity by increasing the density of plasma inside the discharge chamber, optimizing the geometry pinch effect and the perveance at the extraction aperture. To suppress the emmitance increasing of an extracted beam, the shape of the electrodes as well as the voltage of suppression electrode are carefully selected With these efforts, a 120 mA total proton beam has been extracted from the permanent magnet ECR ion source at 50 kV, and the measured normalized rms emittance is less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad. The beam current density at the extraction aperture is about 420 mA/cm².

THPS022	Improvement of the 20 MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI	ion, proton, emittance, linac	3466
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government. The 20 MeV proton accelerator has been operating since 2007 when it got a operational license at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP). A microwave ion source was newly developed to satisfy the requirement of minimum 100 hour operation time without maintenance. After the long time operation test at test bench, it was installed to drive the 20 MeV proton accelerator. The beam profile and emittance were measured to check the characteristics of the accelerator both at the LEBT and at the end of the 20 MeV DTL. In this paper, the microwave ion source is presented and the measurement results of the beam property are discussed.

THPS023	Automatic Tuner Unit Design, Simulation and Measurement for Automatic Operation of the RF System in the ESS-Bilbao H⁺ Ion Source	impedance, plasma, controls, ion	3469
	L. Muguira, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, M. Eguiraun, F.J. Fernandez Huerta, J. Feuchtwanger, N. Garmendia, O. Gonzalez, J. Verdu ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The Ion Source responsible intended to generate a high current and low emittance proton beam for the ESS-Bilbao is currently under construction. The plasma in the source is generated by coupling the 2.72 GHz power input from a Klystron through a magnetic field with an intensity close to the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) field at the input RF frequency. The electrical behavior of the plasma strongly depends on different plasma characteristics which, at the same time, also depend on the microwave absorption. Thus, in order to maximize the RF power transferred to the plasma, a waveguide automatic tuner unit is employed to match the generator output to the electric impedance of the plasma. This device is generally adjusted manually. In this paper, the design, the 1D and 3D simulation, and measurements are presented which allows us to propose an automatic and real time control of the device. In a first approximation, with the aim of testing the proper operation of the automatic tuner unit, an in-house variable phase shifter and attenuator has been designed and manufactured to simulate the electric behavior of the plasma.

THPS026	Surface Plasma H⁻ Ion Source with Saddle RF Antenna Plasma Generator	plasma, ion, gun, extraction	3475
	V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: *Work supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0002690. In this project is developed a prototype RF H⁻ surface plasma source (SPS) with saddle (SA) RF antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability. Several versions of new plasma generators with a small AlN test chamber and different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the SNS ion source Test Stand. A prototype SA SPS was installed in the Test Stand with a larger, normal-sized SNS AlN chamber that achieved unanalyzed peak currents of up to 67 mA with an apparent efficiency of 1.6 mA/kW. Control experiments with H⁻ beam produced by SNS SPS with internal and external antennas were conducted. A new version of the RF triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor testing.

THPS027	Cesiation in Highly Efficient Surface Plasma Sources	ion, plasma, brightness, cathode	3478
	V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by STTR grant DE-SC0002690. Features of cesiation* in different modifications of H-/D- source designs have been considered. New sources under development include advanced versions of Compact Surface Plasma Sources (CSPS) which will efficiently generate brighter beam in noiseless discharge, deliver significantly increased (up to 20 mA) average current with better electrode cooling using new materials, have significantly extended lifetime and reduced cesium consumption. Related ion sources that use cesium are described and an improved cesiation procedure for reproducible production of high efficiency H⁻ ion generation is considered. * V. Dudnikov, SU Author Certificate, C1.H01 3/04, No. 411542, 10 March, 1972.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

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MOPC028

Beam Acceleration of DPIS RFQ at IMP

rfq, ion, laser, target

128

Z.L. Zhang, X.H. Guo, Y. He, Y. Liu, S. Sha, A. Shi, L.P. Sun, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
R.A. Jameson, A. Schempp
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Beam test of the direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) is carried out successfully for the first time in China, by setting up a comprehensive test and research platform of RFQ and laser ion source. The C⁶⁺ beam is accelerated successfully, and the peak beam current reaches more than 6mA which is measured by a Faraday cup of unique structure. The RF power coupled into the RFQ cavity is also examined, and results reveal that it is the RF power of about 195kW that can produce the peak beam current.

MOPC031

Performance of a 13 MHz Cavity for an RF Implanter at PEFP*

cavity, coupling, ion, simulation

136

T.A. Trinh
UST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government
A 13 MHz - normal conducting cavity for an rf implanter has been successfully developed at PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project). It consists of an inductive coil, accelerating electrodes and a ground electrode for the inductor. Quality factor of 2074 and critical coupling were achieved at resonant frequency of 12.658 MHz. Rf power of 1 kW was forwarded to the cavity without any spark in the cavity. Beam test was then carried out with a 27 keV helium beam generated from a Duoplasmatron ion source. The results showed that the helium beam was accelerated to final energy of 120 keV with energy spread of 1%. Detail experiments and results are addressed in this presentation.

MOPC147

Timing System for MedAustron Based on Off-The-Shelf MRF Transport Layer

controls, ion, synchrotron, light-ion

424

R. Tavcar, J. Dedič, Z. Kroflic, R. Štefanič
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
J. Gutleber
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

MedAustron is a new particle accelerator-based ion beam research and therapy centre under construction in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. The timing system for its synchrotron-based accelerator is being developed in close collaboration with Cosylab. We have usedμResearch Finland (MRF) transfer layer and designed and implemented a generic, reusable high-level logic above transport layer inside the generator and receiver FPGA to fulfill machine specific requirements which exceed MRF's original high-level logic capabilities. The new timing system is suitable for small to mid-size accelerators. Its functionalities include support for virtual accelerators and a rich selection of event response mechanisms. The timing system uses a combination of a real-time link for downstream events and a non-real-time link for upstream messaging and non time-critical communication. This article explains the benefits of building a timing system on a proven, stable timing transport layer and describes the high-level services provided by MedAustron timing system.

MOPS043

Beam Performance in H⁻ Injector of LANSCE

emittance, simulation, space-charge, beam-transport

697

Y.K. Batygin, C. Pillai, L. Rybarcyk
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

During beam development time in 2010 we performed a series of beam emittance and beam profile scans along 750-keV H⁻ beam transport and 800-MeV linac. The purpose of the measurements was to determine the effects of space charge, slow-wave intensity modulation or chopping, RF buncher fields, and vacuum conditions on beam performance. As previously reported*, from our observation and analysis we concluded that the 750 keV H⁻ beam transport is space-charge uncompensated. This presentation will look at the relative importance of space-charge, chopping, and RF-buncher on the observed emittance growth for beam in the short and long pulse regime as well as the effects of beam line vacuum degradation on beam size and emittance at the end of the linac.
* Y. Batygin et al., “Space-charge effects in H⁻ Low-Energy Beam Transport of LANSCE,” to be published in Proc. of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, March 28-April 1, 2011, New York, NY.

TUPC106

Courant-Snyder Invariant Density Screening Method for Emittance Analysis

emittance, hadron, beam-transport, background

1263

J.L. Sun, H.T. Jing, J. Tang
IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The emittance is an important characteristic of describing charged particle beams. In hadron accelerators, we often meet irregular beam distributions that are not appropriate to be described with a single rms or 95% or total emittance. In many cases beam halo should be described with very different Courant-Snyder parameters from the ones for beam core. A new method – Courant-Snyder invariant density screening method is developed for analyzing emittance data clearly and accurately. The method treats emittance data from both measurements and numerical simulations. The method uses the statistical distribution of the beam around each particle in phase space to mark its local density parameter, and then uses the density distribution to calculate the beam parameters such as Courant-Snyder parameters and emittance for different beam boundary definitions. The method has been used in the calculations for the beams from difference sources, and shows its advantages over other methods. An application code based on the method including the graphic interface has also been designed using the Matlab software.

TUPS077

Shaping of Ion Pulses from an Electron Beam Ion Source for Particle Injection into Accelerators

ion, electron, proton, injection

1716

F. Ullmann, A. Schwan
DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
U. Hagen, O. Heid, H. von Jagwitz
Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany
G. Zschornack
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany

Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) provide highly charged ions for many applications, amongst others for particle injection into accelerators. Although EBISs are limited in ion output they feature a lot of advantages which qualify them for accelerator injection. The ion pulses extracted from the ion sources can be directly injected into an accelerator sequence which however requires ion pulses with distinct shape and length. We present the production of ion pulses matching the requirements of particle injection. The ions are produced by trapping in a high density electron beam for a certain time with electrostatic potentials providing for their axial trapping. The ions are extracted by lowering the trapping potential, i.e. opening the trap. Due to the ion energy distribution within the trapping region ion extraction can be controlled by controlling the trapping potential. A specific time dependent control mode of the trapping potential thus allows to produce ion pulses with designated shape and length. Source parameters such as working gas pressure, electron beam current and energy are influencing the energy distribution of the ions which in turn is influencing pulse shaping.

TUPS078

Electron Beam Ion Sources – A New Access for Particle Acceleration

ion, electron, emittance, injection

1719

F. Ullmann, F. Grossmann, V.P. Ovsyannikov, A. Schwan
DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
G. Zschornack
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany

Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) produce highly charged ions in a high density electron beam. Due to their operational principle EBISs have a lot of advantages although limited in ion output. Since the radial source region is given by a narrow electron beam the extracted ion beam features a very low transversal emittance. Moreover, the ions are ionized by a monoenergetic electron beam resulting in a small variation of the ion energy distribution, and thus in a very low longitudinal emittance. Together with a low basis pressure of less than 10^-9 mbar this result in a high quality ion beam. The ions can be extracted as continuous beam as well as ion pulses with distinct pulse shapes. Providing almost any element with any charge state of up to completely ionized ions gives a large number of different projectiles and kinetic energies. The use of EBISs whether based on permanent magnets or on cryogen-free superconducting magnets has been proven in a variety of fields and applications. In addition, their compact design makes them transportable, low in operational costs, and guarantee easy handling.

TUPS079

Construction of a Novel Compact High Voltage Electrostatic Accelerator

high-voltage, vacuum, target, ion

1722

P. Beasley, O. Heid
Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany

A compact demonstrator system based on a Cockcroft-Walton (or Greinacher) cascade has been successfully built and tested. The concept has been developed using modern materials and a different design philosophy, which in turn can then enable this novel configuration to operate at much higher voltage gradients. This paper explores the progress made over the past 18 months and future plans to utilise the technology to develop one such concept for an energy efficient 10MV, 100μA, tandem proton accelerator, with a <2m2 footprint. The development of such a compact high voltage particle accelerator, with high current capability has the potential to access a wide range of commercial opportunities outside the laboratory.

TUPS080

Low Energy Bunching with a Double Gap RF Buncher

bunching, ion, proton, injection

1725

H. von Jagwitz, U. Hagen, O. Heid, S. Setzer
Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany

A compact double gap bunching system for low energy proton beams is presented. The system is designed for the bunching of a low current proton beam (less than 50μA) with an energy of 10 keV. The buncher operates at 150 MHz and bunches without significantly changing the beam energy. The beam is generated by an Electron Beam Ion Source and has to be bunched for the subsequent acceleration in a 150 MHz linear accelerator. The buncher contains two short gaps and an RF electrode inbetween. Thus the full length of the buncher in the beamline is in the range of 2 cm. The location of the bunch focus depends on the buncher power. The bunched beam was analysed at a distance of 550 mm with a fast faraday cup. The bunching effectivity was determined as 50%, which means that 50% of the protons of the beam were located in bunches with a width of 60°, which is a reasonable value of acceptance for a conventional accelerator cavity. Some theory and detailed results will be presented.

TUPS090

Operation Status of SECRAL at IMP

ion, plasma, ECR, solenoid

1750

W. Lu, Y. Cao
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y.C. Feng, X.H. Guo, W. Lu, L.T. Sun, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

SECRAL (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou) is a fully superconducting ECR ion source built in 2005 with an innovative solenoid-inside-sextupole structure. Since then it has delivered many highly-charged ion beams for HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) at IMP (Institute of Modern Physics), such as Xe²⁷⁺，Kr¹⁹⁺，Bi³⁶⁺ and Ni¹⁹⁺, and its on-line operating time increases year by year. By January 2011, the operation time of SECRAL has totaled up to 5700 hours. The increasing demand for intensive highly-charged ion beams has lead to the continuous enhancement of the SECRAL. To meet the requirement for stable highly-charged metallic ion beams, double-frequency of 18 GHz + 24 GHz heating with an off-axis oven had been carried out in 2010. 60-80 euA of Bi³⁶⁺ were produced at microwave power of about 2 kW and had been delivered continuously to HIRFL for about 10 days without any breakdowns. A number of improvements were planned to further improve the long-term stability of metallic ion beams.

TUPS104

A Two Stage Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers

rfq, proton, ion, neutron

1786

M.A. Clarke-Gayther
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) project at RAL will test a two stage fast beam chopper, designed to address the requirements of high power proton drivers for next generation spallation sources, neutrino factories, and radioactive waste transmutation plants. A description is given of the status of development of the proposed two stage beam chopper. The results of a recent study on the dimensional optimisation of the proposed slow-wave structures, together with details of an updated beam line configuration for the chopper components, will be presented.

WEYA01

Progress of the SPIRAL2 Project

ion, target, neutron, rfq

1912

E. Petit
GANIL, Caen, France

The progress of the SPIRAL2 project, the R&D and tests of the key components should be reviewed together with the main challenges for the beam production.

Slides WEYA01 [9.313 MB]

WEPC023

Beam Dynamics Simulations for the ESS-Bilbao H⁻ Ion Source

extraction, ion, simulation, emittance

2052

I. Bustinduy, F.J. Bermejo, D. Fernandez-Cañoto, J.L. Munoz, I. Rodríguez
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
M. Eguiraun, J. Feuchtwanger, Z. Izaola
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

Simulations are performed for the Ion Source Test Stand (ITUR) of the ESS-Bilbao research accelerator facility. The beam dynamics is investigated as a function of the extraction voltages, the ion current, and the inclination angle of the ion source. The ITUR Penning H− ion source has the plasma aperture plate and extraction electrode inclined a certain angle with respect to the vertical axis to compensate for the Penning magnets field. The negative charged particles are extracted through a rectangular slit of 10×6 mm2. The extraction system is mainly composed of two devices, a rectangular extraction electrode and a refrigerated trumpet shaped device acting as an Einzel lens to focus the beam, and also, as a trap for neutral cesium atoms exiting from the source. Results are calculated and analyzed at the DC Current Transformer and pepperpot positions located at 245 mm and 882 mm from the ion source.

WEPC152

Android Based Mobile Monitoring System for EPICS Networks: Vacuum System Application*

controls, EPICS, monitoring, vacuum

2337

I. Badillo, I. Arredondo, M. Eguiraun, J. Feuchtwanger, G. Harper
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
J. Jugo
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
When cabling is not really needed for performance reasons, wireless monitoring is a good choice for large scientific facilities like particle accelerators, due to the quick implementation. There are several wireless flavors: ZigBee, WiFi etc. depending on requirements of specific application. In this work, a wireless monitoring system for EPICS based on an Android device is presented. The task is to monitor the vacuum control system of ISHN project at ESSBilbao, where control system variables are acquired over the network and published in a mobile device. This allows the operator to check process variables everywhere the signal spreads. In this approach, a Python based server is continuously getting EPICS variables via CA protocol and sending them through a WiFi network using ICE middleware, a toolkit oriented to develop distributed applications. Finally, the mobile device reads and shows the data to the operator. The security of the communication is ensured by a limited WiFi signal spread, following the same idea as in NFC for larger distances. With this approach, local monitoring and control applications are easily implemented, useful in starting up and maintenance stages.

WEPC153

ISHN Ion Source Control System Overview and Future Developments

controls, power-supply, ion, plasma

2340

M. Eguiraun, I. Arredondo, J. Feuchtwanger, G. Harper, M. del Campo
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
J. Jugo
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
S. Varnasseri
ESS Bilbao, Derio, Spain

Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
ISHN project consist on a Penning ion source which will deliver up to 65 mA of H⁻ beam pulsed at 50 Hz with a diagnostics vessel for beam testing purposes. The present work summarizes the control system of this research facility, and presents its future developments. ISHN consist of several power supplies for plasma generation and beam extraction, including auxiliary equipment and several diagnostics elements. The control system implemented with LabVIEW is based on PXI systems from National Instruments, using two PXI chassis connected through a dedicated fiber optic link between HV platform and ground. Source operation is managed by a real time processor, while additional tasks are performed by means of an FPGA. In addition, the control system uses a MySQL database for data logging, by means of a LabVIEW application connected to such DB. The integration of EPICS into the control system by deploying a Channel Access Server is the ongoing work, several alternatives are being tested. Finally, a high resolution synchronization system has been designed, for generating timing for triggers of plasma generation and extraction as well as data acquisition for beam diagnostics.

WEPC154

EPICS HyperArchiver: initial tests at ESSBilbao

controls, EPICS, insertion, ion

2343

M. del Campo
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
M.G. Giacchini, L.G. Giovannini
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
J. Jugo
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The aim of this work is to present the results obtained after different tests performed regarding data storage for an Ion Source, by means of an EPICS control system at ESS-Bilbao (Spain). As a first approach, data was recorded on a MySQL database, using a traditional EPICS RDB Channel Archiver instance, maintained at ORNL SNS (USA). Nevertheless, initial results shown the need of an evolution towards a high performance scalable database. Therefore, current tests are focused on the customization and usage of a HyperArchiver instance, developed at INFN/LNL (Italy), which uses Hypertable as its main database. Hypertable is a distributed, high performance non relational database, released under GNU licence and focused on data-intensive tasks. At ESS Bilbao, a slightly modified version of the HyperArchiver was used, due to the necessity of an improvement on the management of array PVs. Regarding data retrieval and visualization, a python GUI developed at ESS-Bilbao was used, in opposition to the traditional CSS data browser, trying to make data retrieval as fast and simple as possible. Hypertable is presented as a high performance alternative to MySQL for any EPICS control system.

WEPC168

Implementation of a Workflow Model to Store and Analyze Measured Data at the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source Test Stand

ion, diagnostics, controls, emittance

2376

Z. Izaola, M. Eguiraun, M. del Campo
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
In order to fully characterize the experimentally measured beam in any accelerator facility, both diagnostics measurements and operating parameters need to be stored and correlated. Generating thus, a substantial amount of data. To address this problem in the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source Test Stand (ITUR), we have developed a software toolkit. This software stores Pepperpot, Faraday-Cup, Retarding Potential Analyzer, ACCT and DCCT measurements in a relational database associated with the operating parameter values at the time of measurement. Furthermore, the toolkit stores in the same database the beam transverse dynamics parameters processed from the pepperpot device. This allows to connect easily the beam physics with the accelerator running parameters. MySQL has been used as database backend and Matlab as programming language.

WEPC177

Collimation of High Intensity Ion Beams*

collimation, solenoid, ion, simulation

2403

J. Pfister, O. Meusel
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
O.K. Kester
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: HIC for FAIR
Intense ion beams with small phase space occupation (high brilliance) are mandatory to keep beam losses low in high current injector accelerators like those planned for FAIR. The low energy beam transport from the ion source towards the linac has to keep the emittance growth low and has to support the optimization of the ion source tune. The Frankfurt Neutron Source Facility FRANZ is currently under construction. An intense beam of protons (2 MeV, 200 mA) will be used for neutron production using the Li⁷(p,n)Be⁷ reaction for studies of the astrophysical s-process. A collimation channel, which can be adjusted to allow the transport of beams with a certain beam emittance, is an ideal tool to optimize the ion source tune in terms of beam brightness. Therefore a collimation channel in the Low Energy Beam Transport section will be used. Through defined apertures and transversal phase space rotation using focusing solenoids the beam halo as well as unwanted H₂⁺ and H₃⁺ fractions will be cut. Theoretical studies which were carried out so far and a first design of the setup will be presented.

WEPS035

Beam Measurements with the New RFQ Beam Matching Section at the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment

rfq, emittance, ion, diagnostics

2562

M. Baschke, A. Schempp, J.S. Schmidt
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
H. Zimmermann
Accelerator Services, Oberursel, Germany

Funding: BMBF
Funneling is a method to increase low energy beam currents in multiple stages. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a model of such a stage. The experiment is built up of two ion sources with electrostatic lens systems, a Two-Beam-RFQ accelerator, a funneling deflector and a beam diagnostic system. The two beams are bunched and accelerated in a Two-Beam RFQ. A funneling deflector combines the bunches to a common beam axis. A new beam transport system between RFQ accelerator and deflector has been constructed and mounted. With these extended RFQ-electrodes the drift between the Two-Beam-RFQ and the rf-deflector will be minimized and therefore unwanted emittance growth reduced. After first rf measurements current work are beam tests with the improved Two-Beam-RFQ. First results will be presented.

WEPS044

Status of the Ion Source and RFQ Test Bench at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre

ion, emittance, rfq, extraction

2586

R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, J.M. Mosthaf, B. Naas, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, J. Schreiner, T. Winkelmann
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The possibility of cancer treatment with proton and carbon beams provides HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre) with an exceptional feature and gives it a unique position in Europe. In the future, the variety of available ions will be extended towards helium and oxygen. To allow fast switching between three of these ion species an additional ion-source / spectrometer combination will be installed in the LEBT. For comprehensive tests of the new components a dedicated test bench including a beam emittance analyzer has been set up at the HIT facility. It opens up the opportunity to perform detailed investigations of the improved ECR ion source with its enhanced extraction system and the redesigned RFQ of the HIT injector. Parallel to the measurements, the beam optical model of the assembly could be refined to better reproduce the beam diagnostic results. Since August 2010 the test bench has been in operation in different configurations. Behind the RFQ a beamline comprising a phase-probe-based time-of-flight system and beam current measurement devices is set up. The aim is to determine the RFQ working point and to validate the optimizations in terms of particle transmission.

THPS016

Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility at VECC : Present and Future

cavity, ion, rfq, acceleration

3454

R.K. Bhandari, A. Bandyopadhyay, A. Chakrabarti, V. Naik
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

Funding: This project if funded by Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.
An ISOL post accelerator type Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility is being developed at our centre. The RIBs will be produced by using light ion induced fusion evaporation and by using photo-fission reaction, using a 50 MeV 2mA SC electron linac that is being developed in collaboration with TRIUMF, Canada. The primary reaction products will be ionized using two-ion source charge breeder. The possibility of feeding the primary reaction products directly to an ECR ion source using multi-stage skimmer and gas jet transport technique is being explored at present. An extended rod type heavy ion RFQ, one buncher and three IH cavities have been successfully accelerated stable beams up to about 415 keV/u. Three more IH cavities will increase the energy to about 1.3 MeV/u and SC QWRs will augment the energy thereafter. In the next stage of development, an Advanced National Facility for Unstable & Rare Isotope Beams (ANURIB) has been envisaged. This green field project will deliver stable & RIBs from 1.5 keV/u to 100 MeV/u. This will have both ISOL type and PFS type facility. Neutron & positron beams based facilities will also be built around the e^- linac.

THPS020

Development of C⁶⁺ Laser Ion Source

ion, laser, target, acceleration

3460

A. Yamaguchi
Toshiba Corporation, Power And Industrial Systems Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Japan

A C⁶⁺ laser ion source has been developed for a heavy ion accelerator, which supplies pulsed ion beam for single-turn injection system of a synchrotron by one laser shot. A graphite plate is irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (10⁶⁴ nm of wavelength, 1.4 J of maximum laser energy, 10 ns of pulse duration) to generate carbon ions. The characteristics of the ion beam were studied by using the time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and the magnetic momentum analyzer. Results of the experiments are presented.

THPS021

Methods to Obtain High Intensity Proton Ion Beams with Low Emittance from ECR Ion Source at Peking University

ion, plasma, extraction, emittance

3463

H.T. Ren
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, S.X. Peng, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, M. Zhang, J. Zhao, Q.F. Zhou
PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China 11075008.
With the development of accelerator technology, to obtain an ion beam with high intensity and low emittance is becoming one of the main goals of research for ion sources. At Peking University we have developed several 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources for different projects and we paid close attention to the beam intensity increasing as well as the beam emittance reduction. Methods are adopted to improve beam intensity by increasing the density of plasma inside the discharge chamber, optimizing the geometry pinch effect and the perveance at the extraction aperture. To suppress the emmitance increasing of an extracted beam, the shape of the electrodes as well as the voltage of suppression electrode are carefully selected With these efforts, a 120 mA total proton beam has been extracted from the permanent magnet ECR ion source at 50 kV, and the measured normalized rms emittance is less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad. The beam current density at the extraction aperture is about 420 mA/cm².

THPS022

Improvement of the 20 MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI

ion, proton, emittance, linac

3466

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government.
The 20 MeV proton accelerator has been operating since 2007 when it got a operational license at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP). A microwave ion source was newly developed to satisfy the requirement of minimum 100 hour operation time without maintenance. After the long time operation test at test bench, it was installed to drive the 20 MeV proton accelerator. The beam profile and emittance were measured to check the characteristics of the accelerator both at the LEBT and at the end of the 20 MeV DTL. In this paper, the microwave ion source is presented and the measurement results of the beam property are discussed.

THPS023

Automatic Tuner Unit Design, Simulation and Measurement for Automatic Operation of the RF System in the ESS-Bilbao H⁺ Ion Source

impedance, plasma, controls, ion

3469

L. Muguira, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, M. Eguiraun, F.J. Fernandez Huerta, J. Feuchtwanger, N. Garmendia, O. Gonzalez, J. Verdu
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The Ion Source responsible intended to generate a high current and low emittance proton beam for the ESS-Bilbao is currently under construction. The plasma in the source is generated by coupling the 2.72 GHz power input from a Klystron through a magnetic field with an intensity close to the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) field at the input RF frequency. The electrical behavior of the plasma strongly depends on different plasma characteristics which, at the same time, also depend on the microwave absorption. Thus, in order to maximize the RF power transferred to the plasma, a waveguide automatic tuner unit is employed to match the generator output to the electric impedance of the plasma. This device is generally adjusted manually. In this paper, the design, the 1D and 3D simulation, and measurements are presented which allows us to propose an automatic and real time control of the device. In a first approximation, with the aim of testing the proper operation of the automatic tuner unit, an in-house variable phase shifter and attenuator has been designed and manufactured to simulate the electric behavior of the plasma.

THPS026

Surface Plasma H⁻ Ion Source with Saddle RF Antenna Plasma Generator

plasma, ion, gun, extraction

3475

V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: *Work supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0002690.
In this project is developed a prototype RF H⁻ surface plasma source (SPS) with saddle (SA) RF antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability. Several versions of new plasma generators with a small AlN test chamber and different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the SNS ion source Test Stand. A prototype SA SPS was installed in the Test Stand with a larger, normal-sized SNS AlN chamber that achieved unanalyzed peak currents of up to 67 mA with an apparent efficiency of 1.6 mA/kW. Control experiments with H⁻ beam produced by SNS SPS with internal and external antennas were conducted. A new version of the RF triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor testing.

THPS027

Cesiation in Highly Efficient Surface Plasma Sources

ion, plasma, brightness, cathode

3478

V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by STTR grant DE-SC0002690.
Features of cesiation* in different modifications of H-/D- source designs have been considered. New sources under development include advanced versions of Compact Surface Plasma Sources (CSPS) which will efficiently generate brighter beam in noiseless discharge, deliver significantly increased (up to 20 mA) average current with better electrode cooling using new materials, have significantly extended lifetime and reduced cesium consumption. Related ion sources that use cesium are described and an improved cesiation procedure for reproducible production of high efficiency H⁻ ion generation is considered.
* V. Dudnikov, SU Author Certificate, C1.H01 3/04, No. 411542, 10 March, 1972.