IPAC2011 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPC010	Phase-Modulation SLED Operation Mode at Elettra	cavity, linac, LLRF, klystron	83
	C. Serpico, P. Delgiusto, A. Fabris, F. Gelmetti, M.M. Milloch, A. Salom, D. Wang ELETTRA, Basovizza, Italy
	FERMI@Elettra is the soft X-ray, fourth generation light source facility at the Elettra Laboratory in Trieste, Italy. It is based on a seeded FEL, driven by a normal conducting linac that is presently expected to operate at 1.5 GeV. The last seven backward traveling wave structures have been equipped with a SLED system. Due to breakdown problems inside the sections, that was the result of high peak fields generated during conventional SLED operation, the sections experienced difficulties in reaching the desired gradients. To lower the peak field and make the compressed pulse “flatter”, phase-modulation of the SLED drive power will be implemented. A description of the phase modulation of the drive power and the results achieved will be reported in the following paper.

MOPC018	Operation Status of C-band High Gradient Accelerator for XFEL/SPring-8 (SACLA)	electron, accelerating-gradient, klystron, acceleration	104
	T. Inagaki, C. Kondo, T. Ohshima, Y. Otake, T. Sakurai, K. Shirasawa RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan T. Shintake RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo, Japan
	XFEL project in SPring-8 have constructed a compact XFEL facility. In order to shorten an accelerator length, a C-band (5712 MHz) accelerator was employed due to a higher accelerating gradient than that of an S-band accelerator. Since a C-band accelerating structure generates a gradient of higher than 35 MV/m, the total length of an 8 GeV accelerator fits within 400 m, including 64 C-band RF units, 4 S-band RF units, an injector and three bunch compressors. The accelerator components were carefully installed by September 2010. Then we have performed high power RF conditioning. After 500 hours of the conditioning, the accelerating gradient of each C-band structure was reached up to 35 MV/m without any particular problem. The RF breakdown rate is low enough for an accelerator operation. Since February 2011, we started the beam commissioning for XFEL. The C-band accelerator has accelerated the electron beam up to 8 GeV, with an accelerating gradient of 33-35 MV/m in average. The energy and the trajectory of the electron beam was stable, thanks to the stabilization of a klystron voltage of 350 kV within 0.01% by a high precision high voltage charger. The facility was recently named SACLA (SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser).

MOPC028	Beam Acceleration of DPIS RFQ at IMP	rfq, ion, laser, ion-source	128
	Z.L. Zhang, X.H. Guo, Y. He, Y. Liu, S. Sha, A. Shi, L.P. Sun, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China R.A. Jameson, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Beam test of the direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) is carried out successfully for the first time in China, by setting up a comprehensive test and research platform of RFQ and laser ion source. The C⁶⁺ beam is accelerated successfully, and the peak beam current reaches more than 6mA which is measured by a Faraday cup of unique structure. The RF power coupled into the RFQ cavity is also examined, and results reveal that it is the RF power of about 195kW that can produce the peak beam current.

MOPC105	Design of the High Beta Cryomodule for the HIE-ISOLDE Upgrade at CERN	vacuum, cavity, alignment, cryomodule	319
	L.R. Williams, A.P. Bouzoud, N. Delruelle, J. Gayde, Y. Leclercq, M. Pasini, J.Ph. G. L. Tock, G. Vandoni CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The major upgrade of the energy and intensity of the radioactive ion beams of the existing ISOLDE and REX-ISOLDE facilities at CERN will, in the long term, require downstream of the existing machine, the installation of four high-β and two low-β cryo-modules. The first stage of this upgrade, involving the design, construction, installation and commissioning of two high-β cryo-modules is approved and design work is underway at CERN. The high-β cryo-module houses five high-β superconducting cavities and one superconducting solenoid. As well as providing optimum conditions for physics, where the internal active components must remain aligned within tight tolerances, the cryo-modules need to function under stringent common vacuum and cryogenic conditions. To preserve the RF cavity performance their assembly and sub-system testing will need to be carried out using specifically designed tooling in a class 100 clean-room. We present the determining factors constraining the design of the high-β cryo-module together with the design choices that these factors have imposed.

MOPC113	Results of Cavity Series Fabrication at Jefferson Laboratory for the Cryomodule “R100”	cavity, cryomodule, HOM, damping	340
	F. Marhauser, W.A. Clemens, M.A. Drury, D. Forehand, J. Henry, S. Manning, R.B. Overton, R.S. Williams JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. A series production of eight superconducting RF cavities for the cryomodule R100 was conducted at JLab in 2010. The cavities underwent chemical post-processing prior to vertical high power testing and routinely exceeded the envisaged performance specifications. After cryomodule assembly, cavities were successfully high power acceptance tested. In this paper, we present the achievements paving the way for the first demonstration of 100 MV (and beyond) in a single cryomodule to be operated at CEBAF.

MOPC115	JLab SRF Cavity Fabrication Errors, Consequences and Lessons Learned	cavity, cryomodule, SRF, niobium	346
	F. Marhauser JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 Today, elliptical superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are preferably made from deep-drawn niobium sheets as pursued at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab). The fabrication of a cavity incorporates various cavity cell machining, trimming and electron beam welding (EBW) steps as well as surface chemistry that add to forming errors creating geometrical deviations of the cavity shape from its design. An analysis of in-house built cavities over the last years revealed significant errors in cavity production. Past fabrication flaws are described and lessons learned applied successfully to the most recent in-house series production of multi-cell cavities.

MOPO029	Validation of a Micrometric Remotely Controlled Pre-alignment System for the CLIC Linear Collider using a Test Setup (Mock-up) with 5 Degrees of Freedom	quadrupole, alignment, controls, feedback	544
	H. Mainaud Durand, M. Anastasopoulos, J. Kemppinen, R. Leuxe, M. Sosin, S. griffet CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CLIC main beam quadrupoles need to be pre-aligned within 17μm rms with respect to a straight reference line along a sliding window of 200 m. A re-adjustment system based on eccentric cam movers, which will provide stiffness to the support assembly, is being studied. The cam movers were qualified on a 1 degree of freedom (DOF) test setup, where a repeatability of adjustment below 1 μm was measured along their whole range. This paper presents the 5 DOF mock-up, built for the validation of the eccentric cam movers, as well as the first results of tests carried out: resolution of displacement along the whole range, measurements of the support eigenfrequencies.

MOPO030	Theoretical and Practical Feasibility Demonstration of a Micrometric Remotely Controlled Pre-alignment System for the CLIC Linear Collider	alignment, linac, simulation, controls	547
	H. Mainaud Durand, M. Anastasopoulos, N.C. Chritin, J. Kemppinen, M. Sosin, S. griffet CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T. Touzé ENSTA, Brest, France
	The active pre-alignment of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is one of the key points of the project: the components must be pre-aligned w.r.t. to a straight line within a few microns over a sliding window of 200 m, along the two linacs of 20 km each. The proposed solution consists of stretched wires of more than 200 m, overlapping over half of their length, which will be the reference of alignment. Wire Positioning Sensors (WPS), coupled to the supports to be pre-aligned, will perform precise and accurate measurements within a few microns, w.r.t. these wires. A micrometric fiducialisation of the components and a micrometric alignment of the components on common supports will make the strategy of pre-alignment complete. In this paper, the global strategy of active pre-alignment is detailed and illustrated by the latest results demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed solution.

MOPO035	Stability of the Floor Slab at Diamond Light Source	site, insertion, insertion-device, storage-ring	562
	J. Kay, K.A.R. Baker, W.J. Hoffman Diamond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom I.P.S. Martin JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	A Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS) has been installed at Diamond Light Source. 8 sensors have been positioned along a 60 metre portion of the floor of the Storage Ring and the Experimental Hall, stretching out along a typical beamline route from Insertion Device to sample. Results since June 2008 are presented comparing actual performance with the original specification as well as identifying movements associated with environmental factors.

MOPS015	40-80 MHz Muon Front-End for the Neutrino Factory Design Study	cavity, solenoid, factory, lattice	628
	G. Prior, S.S. Gilardoni CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.E. Alexandri University of Patras, Rio, Greece
	Funding: EU FP7 EUROnu WP3. CERN summer student programme. To understand better the neutrino properties, machines able to produce an order of 10²¹ neutrinos per year have to be built. One of the proposed machine is called a neutrino factory. In this scenario, muons produced by the decay of pions coming from the interaction of a proton beam onto a target are accelerated to energies of several GeV and injected in a storage ring where they will decay in neutrinos. The so-called front-end section of the neutrino factory is conceived to reduce the transverse divergence of the muon beam and to adapt its temporal structure to the acceptance of the downstream accelerators to minimize losses. We present a re-evaluation of the muon front-end scenario which used 40-80 MHz radio-frequency cavities capturing one sign at a time in a single-bunch to bucket mode. The standard software environment of the International Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) has been used, for comparison of its performance with the IDS-NF baseline front-end design which operates with higher frequency (330-200 MHz) capturing in a train of alternated sign the muons bunches.

MOPS040	Intra-Bunch Energy Spread of Electrons in Powerful RF Linacs for Nuclear Physics Research*	linac, electron, HOM, simulation	691
	V.V. Mytrochenko, M.I. Ayzatskiy, V.A. Kushnir, A. Opanasenko, S.A. Perezhogin, V.L. Uvarov NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	Funding: Ukrainian State program of fundamental and applied studies on the use of nuclear materials, nuclear and radiation technologies in the fields of economics (YaMRT project No. 826/35) There are some particles in RF electron linacs with energy that may be significantly different from that of particles within a core of the bunch. Loss of these particles at average beam power of tens of kilowatts can cause radiation and thermal problems. Filtration of such particles during the initial stage of acceleration, at energies below the threshold of photonuclear reactions, is important. The paper analyzes several ways to perform such type of filtration in the injector part of a powerful electron linac using a RF chopper or magnetic systems.

MOPZ001	MuSIC, the World's Highest Intensity DC Muon Beam using a Pion Capture System	proton, solenoid, simulation, dipole	820
	A. Sato, Y. Kuno, H. Sakamoto Osaka University, Osaka, Japan S. Cook, R.T.P. D'Arcy UCL, London, United Kingdom M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka RCNP, Osaka, Japan Y. Hino, N.H. Tran, N.M. Truong Osaka University, Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka, Japan T. Ogitsu, A. Yamamoto, M.Y. Yoshida KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	MuSIC is a project to provide the world's highest-intensity muon beam with continuous time structure at Research Center of Nuclear Physics (RCNP) of Osaka University, Japan. A pion capture system using a superconducting solenoid magnet and a part of superconducting muon transport solenoid channel have been build in 2010. The highest muon production efficiency was demonstrated by the beam test carried out in February 2011. The result concludes that the MuSIC can provide more than 10⁹ muons/sec using a 400 W proton beam. The pion capture system is one of very important technologies for future muon programs such as muon to electron conversion searches, neutrino factories, and a muon collider. The MuSIC built the first pion capture system and demonstrate its potential to provide an intense muon beam. The construction on the entire beam channel of the MuSIC will be finished in five years. We plan to carry out not only an experiment to search the lepton flavor violating process but also other experiments for muon science and their applications using the intense muon beam at RCNP.

MOPZ002	MICE Beamline	dipole, emittance, solenoid, beam-losses	823
	Y. Karadzhov DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
	The muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). The goal of the experiment is to build a section of a muon cooling channel that can demonstrate the principle of Ionization cooling over a range of emittances and momenta. The MICE beam line must generate several matched muon beams with different momenta and optical parameters at the entrance of the cooling channel. This is done exploiting a titanium target dipping into the ISIS proton beam, a 5T superconducting pion decay solenoid, two dipole magnets and a mechanism for inflation of the initial emittance called diffuser. First measurements of muon rates and beam emittance performed using two TOF hodoscopes detectors will be presented.

MOPZ008	Particle Production Simulations for the Neutrino Factory Target	proton, shielding, factory, simulation	835
	J.J. Back University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA I. Efthymiopoulos, S.S. Gilardoni, O.M. Hansen, G. Prior CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H.G. Kirk, N. Souchlas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: EU FP7 EUROnu WP3 In the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF), a proton beam with a kinetic energy between 5 and 15 GeV interacts with a liquid mercury jet target in order to produce pions that will decay to muons, which in turn decay to neutrinos. The target is situated in a solenoidal field tapering from 20 T down to 1.5 T over a length of several metres, allowing for an optimised capture of pions in order to produce a useful muon beam for the machine. We present results of target particle production calculations using MARS, FLUKA and G4BEAMLINE simulation codes.

MOPZ012	The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory	factory, proton, cavity, storage-ring	847
	J.K. Pozimski, A. Kurup, K.R. Long Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (the IDS-NF) has recently completed the Interim Design Report* (IDR) for the facility as a step on the way to the Reference Design Report (RDR). The IDR has two functions: it marks the point in the IDS-NF at which the emphasis turns to the engineering studies required to deliver the RDR and it documents the present baseline design for the facility which will provide 10²¹ muon decays per year from 25 GeV stored muon beams. The facility will serve two neutrino detectors; one situated at source-detector distance of between 3000–5000 km, the second at 7000–8000 km. The conceptual design of the accelerator facility will be described and its performance will be presented. The steps that the IDS-NF collaboration has taken since the IDR was finalized and plans to take to prepare the RDR will also be presented. * IDS-NF-020: https://www.ids-nf.org/wiki/FrontPage/Documentation?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IDS-NF-020-v1.0.pdf Submitted on behalf of the IDS-NF collaboration

MOPZ024	Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment: Controls and Monitoring	EPICS, controls, emittance, monitoring	856
	P.M. Hanlet IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA C.N. Booth Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
	Funding: NSF PHY0842798 The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is a demonstration experiment to prove the viability of cooling a beam of muons for use in a Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider. The MICE cooling channel is a section of a modified Study II cooling channel which will provide a 10% reduction in beam emittance. In order to ensure a reliable measurement, we intend to measure the beam emittance before and after the cooling channel at the level of 1%, or an absolute measurement of 0.001. This renders MICE as a precision experiment which requires strict controls and monitoring of all experimental parameters in order to control systematic errors. The MICE Controls and Monitoring system is based on EPICS and integrates with the DAQ and Data monitoring systems. A description of this system, its implementation, and performance during recent muon beam data collection will be discussed. For the MICE collaboration.

MOPZ029	Aperture Windows in High-Gradient Cavities for Accelerating Low-Energy Muons	cavity, linac, septum, vacuum	862
	S.S. Kurennoy, A.J. Jason, W.M. Tuzel LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	A high-gradient linear accelerator for accelerating low-energy muons and pions in a strong solenoidal magnetic field has been proposed for homeland defense and industrial applications. The acceleration starts immediately after collection of pions from a target in a solenoidal magnetic field and brings muons to a kinetic energy of about 200 MeV over a distance of the order of 10 m. At this energy, both ionization cooling of the muon beam and its further acceleration become feasible. A normal-conducting linac with external-solenoid focusing can provide the required large beam acceptances. The linac consists of independently fed zero-mode (TM010) RF cavities with wide beam apertures closed by thin conducting windows. The high gradients lead to significant heat deposition on the aperture windows. Here we explore options for the edge-cooled thin windows in the zero-mode cavities. Electromagnetic and thermal-stress computations are complemented by thermal-test experiments to select the best solution for the aperture windows. S.S. Kurennoy, A.J. Jason, H. Miyadera, “Large-Acceptance Linac for Accelerating Low-Energy Muons,” Proc. of IPAC10, p. 3518 (2010).

MOPZ035	MICE Muon Beamline Particle Rate and Related Beam Loss in the ISIS Synchrotron	beam-losses, proton, synchrotron, solenoid	874
	A.J. Dobbs Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom D. Adey University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom L. Coney UCR, Riverside, California, USA
	The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will provide a proof of principle of ionization cooling, reduction of muon beam phase space, which will be needed at a future Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider. The MICE muon beam is generated by the decay of pions produced by dipping a cylindrical titanium target into the proton beam of the 800 MeV ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. Studies of the particle rate in the MICE beamline and correlations with induced beam loss in ISIS are described, including the most recent data taken in the summer of 2010, representing some of the highest loss and rate conditions achieved to date. Ideally, a high rate of muons in the MICE beamline is desired, in order to facilitate the cooling measurement. However, impact on the host accelerator equipment must also be minimized. The implications of the observed beam loss and particle rate levels for MICE and ISIS are discussed.

MOPZ037	Extension of the 3-spectrometer Beam Transport Line for the KAOS Spectrometer at MAMI and Recent Status of MAMI	dipole, electron, beam-transport, status	880
	R.G. Heine, M. Dehn, K.-H. Kaiser, H.-J. Kreidel, U.L. Ludwig-Mertin IKP, Mainz, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by DFG (CRC443) and the German Federal State of Rhineland-Palatinate The institute for nuclear physics (KPH) at Mainz University is operating a 1.6 GeV c.w. microtron cascade (MAMI) for nuclear physics research. One of the vast experimental activities is electron scattering. A 3-spectrometer setup is used for cross-section measurements of hadron knock-out and meson production. The KAOS spectrometer magnet of GSI is installed there in parallel to detect particles from (e,e'K)reactions under small forward angles. So the primary electron beam has to transit the spectrometer and after this it has to hit the existing beam dump. Because of the existing experimental setup, this must be realised by deflecting the beam before the target that is rotated to be in line with the KAOS spectrometer's inlet. This paper will deal with the basic concept of a flexible beam transport line (BTL) magnet chicane for different KAOS forward angles, while keeping the forward beam direction for the 3-spectrometer setup untouched. A survey concept for assembly and adjustment of the BTL will be introduced, that is also useful for future adjustments of the target mount after target change. Results of the BTL commissioning and a general MAMI status will be presented as well.

TUOAA01	The EUROnu Project: A High Intensity Neutrino Oscillation Facility in Europe	factory, proton, linac, acceleration	894
	T.R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom E.H.M. Wildner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	EUROnu is a European Commission funded FP7 Design Study investigating three possible options for a future high intensity neutrino oscillation facility in Europe. These options are a CERN to Frejus Super-Beam, a Neutrino Factory and a Beta Beam. The aims of the project are to undertake the crucial R&D on each of the accelerator facilities and determine their performance and relative cost, including the baseline detectors for each facility. A comparison will then be made and the results reported to the CERN Council as part of the CERN Strategy Review.
	Slides TUOAA01 [7.638 MB]

TUYB03	CLIC Conceptual Design and CTF3 Results	linac, emittance, damping, luminosity	961
	D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	An international collaboration is carrying out an extensive R&D programme to prepare CLIC, a multi-TeV electron-positron collider. In this concept, the colliding beams will be accelerated in very high gradient normal conducting 12 GHz accelerating structures. The necessary RF power is extracted from a high-current, low-energy drive beam that runs parallel to the colliding beams and is generated in a central complex. This year the collaboration will produce a conceptual design report to establish the feasibility of the technology. The CLIC concept will be introduced and the status of key studies of critical issues will be reviewed. A focus will be on the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3), which is a test facility to produce and use high current a drive beam.
	Slides TUYB03 [13.204 MB]

TUPC005	Evolution of Pressure in Positron Source for Future Linear e⁺e⁻ Collider	photon, positron, collider, linear-collider	994
	O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany A.F. Hartin, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, S. Riemann, A. Ushakov DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Schälicke, F. Staufenbiel DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Management", contract number 05H10GUE Energy deposition in the conversion targets of positron sources for future linear colliders induces an immense thermal load and create pressure waves in the material. This stress could substantially reduce the lifetime of the target or other target materials impinged by the incident intense photon or electron beam. We have studied the evolution of acoustic pressure waves in target materials based on the parameter assumptions for the International Linear Collider (ILC) baseline source. The fluid model is employed by taking into account the target and the incident photon beam parameters. Initial results of these new simulations are presented and compared with earlier studies. Prospects for further studies are outlined.

TUPC006	Production of Highly Polarized Positron Beams*	polarization, undulator, positron, photon	997
	A. Ushakov, O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva, G.A. Moortgat-Pick University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany A.F. Hartin DESY, Hamburg, Germany S. Riemann, A. Schälicke, F. Staufenbiel DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Management", contract number 05H10GUE Using of polarized electron and positron beams significantly increases the physics potential of future linear colliders. The generation of an intense and highly polarized positron beam is a challenge. The undulator-based positron source located at the end of electron linac is the baseline source for the International Linear Collider. In case of a 250 GeV drive beam energy, an helical undulator with K = 0.92, an undulator period of 11.5 mm and a titanium alloy target of 0.4 radiation length thickness, the average polarization of the generated positrons is relatively low (about 22 percent). In this contribution, the possibilities of increasing the positron polarization have been considered by adjusting the undulator field and selecting those photons and positrons that yield a highly polarized beam. The detailed simulations have been performed with our developed Geant4-based application PPS-Sim. http://pps-sim.desy.de

TUPC034	Design Studies on 100 MeV/100 kW Electron Linac for NSC KIPT Neutron Source on the Base of Subcritical Assembly Driven by Linac	linac, electron, emittance, gun	1075
	Y.L. Chi, J. Cao, X.W. Dai, C.D. Deng, M. Hou, X.C. Kong, R.L. Liu, W.B. Liu, C. Ma, G. Pei, H. Song, S.H. Wang, G. Xu, J. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China M.I. Ayzatskiy, I.M. Karnaukhov, V.A. Kushnir, V.V. Mytrochenko, A.Y. Zelinsky NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine S. Pei IHEP Beijng, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine, a neutron source on the base of subcritical assembly driven by 100 MeV/100 kW electron linear accelerator is under design and development. To provide neutron flux value of about 1013 neutron/s the electron linear accelerator with 100 MeV beam and average beam power of 100 kW will be used. Construction and manufacture of the linear accelerator of such high beam intensity with low emittance and beam losses is a challenging task. In the report the project of the electron linear accelerator of the required beam energy and intensity is described. The accelerator structure and main technical solutions are presented. To overcome the BBU effect of this high average beam current, several effective measures are adopt, such as using constant gradient structure to spread the HOMs frequencies different cells, larger inner radius and shorter section length make the higher group velocity and optimize the structure geometry to keep the shunt impedance as good as possible. After the beam bunching system, a chicane is followed to chopper the beam to avoid the beam lost in the higher energy part.

TUPC039	Proposals for Electron Beam Transportation Channel to Provide Homogeneous Beam Density Distribution at a Target Surface	electron, neutron, quadrupole, beam-losses	1084
	A.Y. Zelinsky, I.M. Karnaukhov NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine W.B. Liu IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	NSC KIPT neutron source will use 64x64 mm rectangular tungsten or uranium target. To generate maximum neutron flux, prevent overheating of the target and reduce thermal stress one should provide homogeneous electron beam distribution at the target surface. In the facility transportation channel three different possibilities of electron beam density redistribution along the target surface can be realized. It can be the fast beam scanning with two dimensional scanning magnets; the method of uniform beam distribution formation with linear focusing elements (dipole and quadrupole magnets) and nonlinear focusing elements (octupole magnets), when final required rectangular beam shape with homogeneous beam density is formed at target; and combined method, when one forms the small rectangular beam with homogeneous beam density distribution and scan it over the target surface with scanning magnets. In the report the all tree methods are considered and discussed considering the layout of the NSC KIPT transportation channel. Calculation results show that the proposed transportation channel lattice can provide uniform beam of rectangular shape with sizes 64x64 mm without target overheating.

TUPC078	The Impact of the Duty Cycle on Gamma-particle Coincidence Measurements	background, ion, extraction, heavy-ion	1183
	P.R. John, J. Leske, N. Pietralla TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Supported by BMBF under 06DA9041I Radioactive ion beam facilities deliver a great variety of different nuclei and thus open new possibilities for gamma-ray spectroscopy with radioactive isotopes. One of the challenges for the experimentalist is the high gamma background. To obtain nearly background-free spectra a gamma-particle coincidence measurement in inverse kinematics is well suited. Also for stable beams this method offers a lot of advantages. A crucial point for experimentalists for such kind of experiments is the duty cycle and the beam structure of the accelerator. For a typical set-up, the effect of the duty cycle and beam structure, e.g. resulting from different ion-sources, on data acquisition and thus the experiment will be shown from the experimentalist's point of view. The results will be discussed for selected accelerators, i.e. UNILAC (GSI, Germany), REX-ISOLDE (CERN, Switzerland) and ATLAS (ANL, USA).

TUPC084	Performance of the Scintillation Profile Monitor in the COSY Synchrotron	vacuum, synchrotron, proton, electron	1201
	V. Kamerdzhiev, J. Dietrich, K. Reimers FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	Residual gas scintillation is used for measuring profile of the proton beam circulating in the COSY synchrotron. The problem of low rate of scintillation events detected by a multichannel photomultiplier is coped with by injecting small amounts of pure nitrogen into the SPM vacuum chamber. This leads to a temporary local pressure bump of no more than an order of magnitude. A commercially available piezo-electric dosing valve allows good control over the amplitude and duration of the pressure bump. Since the average pressure in the machine is hardly changed, the method is fully compatible with experiment operation. This approach offers a robust and inexpensive way to measure the beam profile. The design of the SPM is discussed. The latest measurement results and comparison to the ionization profile monitor data is presented.

TUPC127	Optical Transition Radiation System for ATF2	emittance, coupling, simulation, radiation	1317
	J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, C. Blanch Gutierrez, A. Faus-Golfe, J.J. García-Garrigós IFIC, Valencia, Spain J. Cruz, D.J. McCormick, G.R. White, M. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Funding Agency: FPA2010-21456-C02-01 Work supported in part by Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 In this paper we present the first measurements performed during the fall 2010 and early 2011 runs. Software development, simulations and hardware improvements to the Multi-Optical Transition Radiation System installed in the beam diagnostic section of the Extraction (EXT) line of ATF2 are described. 2D emittance measurements have been performed and the system is being routinely used for coupling correction. Realistic beam simulations have been made and compared with the measurements. A 4D emittance procedure, yet to be implemented, is also discussed. A demagnifier lens system to improve the beam finding procedure has been designed and will be implemented in a future run. Finally, we discuss further verification work planned for the next run period of ATF.

TUPC162	Thin Foil-based Secondary Emission Monitor for Low Intensity, Low Energy Beam Profile Measurements	antiproton, electron, proton, ion	1413
	J. Harasimowicz, J.-L. Fernández-Hernando, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom L. Cosentino, P. Finocchiaro, A. Pappalardo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy J. Harasimowicz The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by STFC, the EU under GA-ITN-215080, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under VH-NG-328. A secondary emission monitor (SEM) was developed for beam profile measurements at the Ultra-low energy Storage Ring (USR) that will be installed at the future Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany. The detector consists of an Aluminium foil on negative potential, a grounded mesh placed in front of the foil, a chevron type microchannel plate (MCP), a phosphor screen and a camera connected to a PC. Simulations of the optimized design together with experimental results with keV protons are presented in this contribution. In addition, the usability of the detector for low energy antiproton beam profile measurements is discussed.

TUPO012	Stable Planner Type Four-mirror Cavity Development for X-ray Production as Basic Development of Quantum Beam Technology Program	laser, cavity, injection, superconducting-RF	1470
	H. Shimizu, Y. Higashi, Y. Honda, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	As the development of quantum beam technology program, a facility to produce a semi-monochromatic X-ray via inverse Compton scattering with an electron beam accelerated by a superconducting RF cavity and a fiber amplified high power laser stacked in an external optical cavity system are now under construction. To achieve high brightness of Compton X-ray, we introduced a chicane with about a 1m-long zero dispersion straight section that includes IP. Head on collision scheme improves the yield of X-ray, but to do so, a huge and stout external optical cavity system must be needed. According to this demand, we develop a quite tolerable planner type four-mirror cavity with movable mirror mount system. In this paper, results obtained by the cavity construction and also laser development activities are described.

TUPS048	Equipment and Techniques for the Replacement of the ISIS Proton Beam to Target Window	shielding, radiation, proton, neutron	1638
	S.D. Gallimore, S.J.S. Jago STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source has been in operation at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for over 25 years. Much of the original equipment installed during the construction of the facility is still in operation. The window separating the proton beam transfer line from the neutron target is a key component in the accelerator complex. During the operational life of the Beam Entry Window it has absorbed a considerable amount of energy deposited from the proton beam as it passes from the accelerator vacuum to the target area. Due to the difficulties in accessing and handling the window assembly, a decision was made to replace this component in a planned maintenance period. This paper describes the specialist remote handling equipment and techniques that were developed during the 3 year build up to the removal and replacement of the of the highly active Beam Entry Window.

TUPS050	Target Optimisation Studies for MuSR Applications	proton, simulation, beam-losses, neutron	1641
	A. Bungau, C. Bungau, R. Cywinski University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom P.J.C. King, J.S. Lord STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Considering the ISIS muon target as a reference, Geant4 simulations have been performed to optimise the target parameters with respect to muon and pion yield. Previous studies suggested that the muon production can be optimised by using a thin graphite slab target with an incident proton energy significantly lower than initially considered. The current paper discusses a possible target design fully optimised for MuSR studies.

TUPS051	Design and Performance of the MICE Target*	controls, acceleration, extraction, vacuum	1644
	C.N. Booth, P. Hodgson, E. Overton, M. Robinson, P.J. Smith Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom G.J. Barber, K.R. Long Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom E.G. Capocci, J.S. Tarrant STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom B.J.A. Shepherd STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: UK Science and Technology Facilities Council The MICE experiment uses a beam of low energy muons to study ionisation cooling. This beam is derived parasitically from the ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A mechanical drive has been developed which rapidly inserts a small titanium target into the beam after acceleration and before extraction, with minimal disturbance to the circulating protons. One mechanism has operated in ISIS for over half a million pulses, and its performance will be summarised. Upgrades to this design have been tested in parallel with MICE operation; the improvements in performance and reliability will be presented, together with a discussion of further future enhancements.

TUPS052	An FPGA Based Controller for the MICE Target	controls, injection, extraction, EPICS	1647
	P.J. Smith, C.N. Booth, P. Hodgson, E. Overton, M. Robinson Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom J. Leaver, K.R. Long Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: UK Science and Technology Facilities Council The MICE experiment uses a beam of low energy muons to test the feasibility of ionization cooling. This beam is derived parasitically from the ISIS accelerator at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A target mechanism has been developed that rapidly inserts a small titanium target into the circulating proton beam immediately prior to extraction without unduly disturbing the primary ISIS beam. The original control electronics for the MICE target was based upon an 8-bit PIC. Although this system was fully functional it did not provide the necessary IO to permit full integration of the target electronics onto the MICE EPICS system. A three phase program was established to migrate both the target control and DAQ electronics from the original prototype onto a fully integrated FPGA system that is capable of interfacing with EPICS through a local PC. This paper discusses this upgrade program, the motivation behind it and the performance of the upgraded target controller.

TUPS053	A Target Magnet System for a Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory	shielding, radiation, factory, collider	1650
	H.G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The target system envisioned for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory includes a 20-T solenoid field surrounding a mercury jet target with the field tapering to 1.5 T 15 m downstream of the target. A principal challenge is to shield the superconducting magnets from the radiation issuing from the 4-MW proton beam impacting the target. We describe a solution which will deliver the desired field while being capable of tolerating the intense radiation environment surrounding the target.

TUPS054	Beam-power Deposition in a 4-MW Target Station for a Muon Collider or a Neutrino Factory	proton, solenoid, factory, simulation	1653
	H.G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA J.J. Back University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We present the results of power deposition in various components of the baseline target station of a Muon Collider or a Neutrino Factory driven by a 4-MW proton beam.

TUPS058	HiRadMat: A New Irradiation Facility for Material Testing at CERN	proton, ion, vacuum, radiation	1665
	I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Evrard, H. Gaillard, D. Grenier, C. Heßler, M. Meddahi, A. Pardons, C. Theis, P. Trilhe, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland N. Charitonidis EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a new facility under construction at CERN designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies can be tested. The facility uses a 440 GeV proton beam extracted from the CERN SPS with a pulse length of 7.2 μs, to a maximum pulse energy of 3.4 MJ. In addition to protons, ion beams with an energy of 173.5 GeV/nucleon and a total pulse energy of 21 kJ can be used. The facility is expected to become operational in autumn 2011. The first tests will include candidate materials and prototype assemblies of LHC collimators foreseen to operate at the ultimate LHC beam powers. Experiments on beam windows and high-power target material options, such as tungsten powder, are also planned. The paper will describe the layout and design parameters for the facility and the way experiments can be operated. Ideas on online and post-irradiation tests and instrumentation will be outlined.

TUPS059	SPS WANF Dismantling: A Large Scale-Decommissioning Project at CERN	radiation, shielding, feedback, ion	1668
	S. Evrard, Y. Algoet, N. Conan, D. DePaoli, I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Fumey, H. Gaillard, J.L. Grenard, D. Grenier, A. Pardons, E. Paulat, Y.D.R. Seraphin, M. Tavlet, C. Theis, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The operation of the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) West Area Neutrino Facility (WANF) was halted in 1998. In 2010 a large scale-decommissioning of this facility was conducted. Besides CERN’s commitment to remove non-operational facilities, the additional motivation was the use of the installation (underground tunnels and available infrastructure) for the new HiRadMat facility, which is designed to study the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams on accelerator components and materials. The removal of 800 tons of radioactive equipment and the waste management according to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles were two major challenges. This paper describes the solutions implemented and the lessons learnt confirming that the decommissioning phase of a particle accelerator must be carefully studied as from the design stage.

TUPS070	An Experiment at HiRadMat: Irradiation of High-Z Materials	simulation, proton, collider, ion	1698
	J. Blanco, C. Maglioni, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland N.A. Tahir GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Calculations of the impact of dense high intensity proton beams at SPS and LHC into material have been presented in several papers,,*. This paper presents the plans for an experiment to validate the theoretical results with experimental data. The experiment will be performed at the High Radiation to Materials (HiRadMat) facility at the CERN-SPS. The HiRadMat facility is dedicated to shock beam impact experiments. It allows testing of accelerator components with respect to the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams. It will provide a 440 GeV proton beam with a focal size down to 0.1 mm, thus providing very dense beam (energy/cross section). The transversal profile of the beam is considered to be Gaussian with a tunable σ from 0.1 mm to 2 mm. This facility will allow to study “high energy density” physics as the energy density will be high enough to create strong coupled plasma in the core of high-Z materials (copper, tungsten) and to produce strong enough shock waves to create a density depletion channel along the beam axis (tunneling effect). The paper introduces the layout of the experiment and the monitoring system to detect tunneling of protons through the target. N.A.Tahir et al. HB2010 Proc., Morschach, Switzerland. N.A.Tahir et al. NIMA 606(1-2) 2009 186. * N.A.Tahir et al. 11th EPAC, Genoa, Italy, 2008, WEPP073.

TUPS076	The Specification Process for the Large Scale Accelerator Project FAIR	alignment, survey, antiproton, controls	1713
	U. Weinrich GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The project FAIR is a large scale international accelerator facility with a high complexity within the accelerator complex. The project is owned by the recently founded FAIR GmbH while the physical-technical layout of the accelerator part of the facility is under the responsibility of GSI. This is the so-called two company model. Most of the accelerator subsystems and components are foreseen to be delivered In-Kind by accelerator institutes from Europe and Asia. In addition direct procurement is foreseen for those components not covered by in-kind-contributions or being very critical in time. Furthermore procurement has already started of components covered by special agreements and funding.

TUPS079	Construction of a Novel Compact High Voltage Electrostatic Accelerator	high-voltage, vacuum, ion, ion-source	1722
	P. Beasley, O. Heid Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany
	A compact demonstrator system based on a Cockcroft-Walton (or Greinacher) cascade has been successfully built and tested. The concept has been developed using modern materials and a different design philosophy, which in turn can then enable this novel configuration to operate at much higher voltage gradients. This paper explores the progress made over the past 18 months and future plans to utilise the technology to develop one such concept for an energy efficient 10MV, 100μA, tandem proton accelerator, with a <2m2 footprint. The development of such a compact high voltage particle accelerator, with high current capability has the potential to access a wide range of commercial opportunities outside the laboratory.

TUPS082	The LEBT Chopper for the Spiral 2 Project	controls, ion, vacuum, high-voltage	1731
	A.C. Caruso, F. Consoli, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M. Di Giacomo GANIL, Caen, France A. Longhitano ALTEK, San Gregorio (CATANIA), Italy
	The Spiral 2 driver uses a slow chopper situated in the common section of the low energy beam transport line to change the beam intensity, to cut off the beam in case of critical loss and to avoid hitting the wheel structure of rotating targets. The device has to work up to 10 kV, 1 kHz repetition frequency rate and its design is based on standard power circuits, custom alarm board and vacuum feed-through. The paper summarizes the design principles and describes the test results of the final device which has been installed on the beam line test bench.

TUPS087	Development of Permanent Magnet Focusing for Klystrons	klystron, permanent-magnet, cathode, focusing	1743
	Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan S. Fukuda, T. Matsumoto, S. Michizono, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: KEK Applying permanent magnet technology to beam focusing in klystrons can reduce their power consumption and reliability. These features benefit variety of applications especially for large facilities that use number of klystrons such as ILC. A half scaled model will be available in summer and full model should be available in September. Research and Development status will be reported.

TUPS088	Charge Stripping of Uranium-238 Ion Beam with Low-Z Gas Stripper	cyclotron, ion, vacuum, acceleration	1746
	H. Imao RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, H. Okuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	One of the primary goals of the RIKEN RI beam factory is to generate unprecedented high-power uranium beams (up to tens kW), which yield an enormous breakthrough for exploring new domains of the nuclear chart. The development of reliable and efficient charge stripping scheme for such high-power beams is a key unsolved issue, affecting the overall performance of the heavy ion accelerations. A charge stripper using low-Z (low atomic number Z) gas is an important candidate. Because of the suppression of the electron capture process, the high equilibrium mean charge states for the low-Z gas stripper are expected in conjunction with the intrinsic robustness of the gas. There was, however, no direct experimental data of the charge evolution, because of the difficulty in making massive windowless low-Z gas targets. In the present work, the charge evolution of the 238U beams injected at 10.75 MeV/u were investigated using thick hydrogen and helium gas strippers with huge differential pumping system newly developed. In the energy region of interest, near 10 MeV/u, achievable mean charge states around 65+ with the low-Z gas strippers are far superior to those of the medium-Z ones around 55+.

TUPS102	Design of an FPGA-based Radiation Tolerant Agent for WorldFIP Fieldbus	radiation, controls, simulation, status	1780
	G. Penacoba Fernandez, P. Alvarez, E. Gousiou, S.T. Page, J.P. Palluel, J. Serrano, E. Van der Bij CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	CERN makes extensive use of the WorldFIP field-bus interface in the LHC and other accelerators in the pre-injectors chain. Following the decision of the provider of the components to stop the developments in this field and foreseeing the potential problems in the subsequent support, CERN decided to purchase the design information of these components and in-source the future developments using this technology. The first in-house design concerns a replacement for the MicroFIP chip whose last version was manufactured in an IC feature size found to be more vulnerable to radiation of high energy particles than the previous versions. NanoFIP is a CERN design based on a Flash FPGA implementing a subset of the functionality allowed by the communication standard, fitting the requirements of the different users and including the robustness against radiation as a design constraint. The development presented involved several groups at CERN working together in the framework of the Open Hardware Repository collaboration, and aiming at maximizing the interoperability and reliability of the final product.

TUPZ025	Experience with Offset Collisions in the LHC	luminosity, emittance, beam-losses, controls	1858
	G. Papotti, R. Alemany-Fernandez, F. Follin, R. Giachino, W. Herr, T. Pieloni, M. Schaumann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Calaga, R. Miyamoto BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	To keep the luminosity under control, some experiments require the adjustment of the luminosity during a fill, so-called luminosity leveling. One option is the separate the beams transversely and adjust the separation to the desired collision rate. The results from controlled experiments are reported and interpreted. The feasibility of this method for ultimate luminosities is discussed.

WEOAA02	Performance of 2 MeV, 2 kA, 200 ns Linear Induction Accelerator with Ultra Low Beam Emittance for X-Ray Flash Radiography	electron, focusing, cathode, induction	1906
	P.V. Logachev, A. Akimov, P.A. Bak, M.A. Batazova, A.M. Batrakov, Y.M. Boimelshtain, D. Bolkhovityanov, A.A. Eliseev, F.A. Emanov, G.A. Fatkin, A.A. Korepanov, Ya.V. Kulenko, G.I. Kuznetsov, I.V. Nikolaev, A.V. Ottmar, A.A. Pachkov, A. Panov, O.A. Pavlov, D.A. Starostenko BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The minestry of education and science of Russian Federation R&D contracts:P2493 and 14.740.11.0160 LIA-2 linear induction accelerator is designed in Budker INP as an injector for full scale 20 MeV linear induction accelerator which can be used for X-ray flash radiography with high space resolution. This machine utilizes ultra high vacuum, precise beam optics design based on low temperature dispenser cathode of 190 mm in diameter. The results of LIA-2 commissioning are presented. The designed value of beam emittance (120 π mm•mrad, not normalized) is achieved at 2 MeV and 2 kA of electron beam energy and current.
	Slides WEOAA02 [7.094 MB]

WEYA01	Progress of the SPIRAL2 Project	ion, ion-source, neutron, rfq	1912
	E. Petit GANIL, Caen, France
	The progress of the SPIRAL2 project, the R&D and tests of the key components should be reviewed together with the main challenges for the beam production.
	Slides WEYA01 [9.313 MB]

WEOBA01	ARIEL: TRIUMF’s Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory	TRIUMF, electron, ISAC, proton	1917
	L. Merminga, F. Ames, R.A. Baartman, C.D. Beard, P.G. Bricault, I.V. Bylinskii, Y.-C. Chao, R.J. Dawson, D. Kaltchev, S.R. Koscielniak, R.E. Laxdal, F. Mammarella, M. Marchetto, G. Minor, A.K. Mitra, Y.-N. Rao, M. Trinczek, A. Trudel, V.A. Verzilov, V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	TRIUMF has recently embarked on the construction of ARIEL, the Advanced Rare Isotope Laboratory, with the goal to significantly expand the Rare Isotope Beam (RIB) program for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Nuclear Medicine and Materials Science. ARIEL will use proton-induced spallation and electron-driven photo-fission of ISOL targets for the production of short-lived rare isotopes that are delivered to experiments at the existing ISAC facility. Combined with ISAC, ARIEL will support delivery of three simultaneous RIBs, up to two accelerated, new beam species and increased beam development capabilities. The ARIEL complex comprises a new SRF 50 MeV 10 mA CW electron linac photo-fission driver and beamline to the targets; one new proton beamline from the 500 MeV cyclotron to the targets; two new high power target stations; mass separators and ion transport to the ISAC-I and ISAC-II accelerator complexes; a new building to house the target stations, remote handling, chemistry labs, front-end and a tunnel for the proton and electron beamlines. This report will include overview of ARIEL, its technical challenges and solutions identified, and status of design activities.
	Slides WEOBA01 [3.676 MB]

WEIB02	Towards Developing Accelerators in Half the Time	feedback, controls, alignment, background	1978
	D.G. Reinertsen Reinertsen & Associates, Redondo Beach, California, USA
	The talk challenges conventional wisdom about how to improve product development processes and broadens the concept of product development cycle time reduction techniques. It provides some original ideas; it discusses approaches to managing product architecture that are well suited for rapid development and how the engineering concepts of system architecture, queuing theory, feedback theory, and information theory can be applied to manage the product development management.
	Slides WEIB02 [0.159 MB]

WEIB05	Collaborative R&D in the Industry of Science	neutron, instrumentation, electron, cyclotron	1991
	C. Oyon ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Successful collaborative efforts involve committed partners that have established comforting level of trust. When industry and research laboratories establish such collaborations they create unique ecosystems that have potential to deliver creative solutions. Many times, however, those collaborations face unexpected legal and administrative limitations. The aim of this talk is to identify key limitations and suggest potential solutions that can streamline collaborative projects.
	Slides WEIB05 [6.937 MB]

WEPC011	Ion Optical Design of the Low Energy Ion Beam Facility at IUAC	ion, optics, ECR, quadrupole	2025
	A. Mandal, D. Kanjilal, S. Kumar, G. Rodrigues IUAC, New Delhi, India
	A Low Energy Ion Beam Facility (LEIBF) using fully permanent magnet ECR ion source (Nanogan) has been installed at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi for fundamental research on Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Material Science. The accelerator consists of an ECR ion source, 400 kV accelerating column and an analyzing-cum switching magnet with three beam ports at 75, 90 and 10⁵ degrees. The complete ion optics from ECR ion source to the target has been simulated using TRANSPORT* and GICOSY** ion optics codes. The ions from the ECR source are typically extracted at 15 kV which are further accelerated by 400 kV accelerating column. The analyzing cum switching magnet has been designed to analyze different beams and to switch in a particular beam line. It is a H shaped dipole magnet having pole gap of 65 mm, maximum magnetic field of 1.5 T and radius of 529 mm for 90 degree bend. The entrance and exit edge angles for three beam lines have been optimized to obtain double focus in all beam lines. The beam is further transported to target locations using electrostatic quadrupole triplet. The details of ion optics will be presented in the paper. * K.L. Brown, D.C. Carey, Ch. Iselin and F. Rothacker: Transport, See yellow reports CERN 73-16 (1973) & CERN 80-04 (1980). ** H.Weick, GICOSY homepage, http://www-linux.gsi.de/~weick/gicosy/.

WEPC021	Optical Design of the Proton Beam Lines for the Neutron Research Complex INR RAS and Medical Application	proton, neutron, linac, beam-losses	2049
	M.I. Grachev, E.V. Ponomareva RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The optical design for the layout of the beam lines for the neutron research complex INR RAS and medical application on the basis of the Linear accelerator are presented here. The proposed schemes have been realized at the INR RAS. The necessary size and shape of the proton beam at the location of the neutron target are obtained. Methods and results for the tuning of the high current beams are presented in this paper.

WEPC034	High-level Application Programs for the TPS Commissioning and Operation at NSRRC	quadrupole, controls, storage-ring, EPICS	2079
	F.H. Tseng, H.-P. Chang, C.C. Chiang NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	For the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) commissioning and operation we have developed more MATLAB-based application programs and tested them on the Taiwan Light Source (TLS). These additional applications built with the MATLAB Middle Layer (MML) include beta function measurement, dispersion function measurement, chromaticity measurement, chromaticity correction, and tune control. In this paper, we will illustrate what algorithms we use in these applications and show the test results. Especially, in order to get the first beam in the TPS commissioning, we adopt the RESOLVE algorithm for the beam steering and it has been built successfully in UNIX-like systems such as Mac OSX and different Linux versions. It can provide us some exercises of error finding and correction before the TPS commissioning in 2013.

WEPC044	Minimizing Beam Motion in a Long-pulse Linear Induction Accelerator	induction, injection, kicker, focusing	2109
	C. Ekdahl, E.O. Abeyta, J.B. Johnson, K. Nielsen, M.E. Schulze LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA T.P. Hughes, C.H. Thoma Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA C.-Y. Tom NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the US National Nuclear Security Agency and the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The Dual Axis Radiography for Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) Facility at Los Alamos uses two linear induction accelerators (LIAs) for flash radiography of explosively driven experiments from orthogonal viewpoints. The DARHT Axis-II long-pulse 1.8-kA, 16.5-MeV LIA is unique. It has a beam pulse with a 1600-ns flattop during which the kinetic energy varies < 2%. During this flattop, a kicker cleaves out four short micro-pulses, which are focused onto a high-Z target and converted to bremsstrahlung for multi-pulse flash radiography of the experiments. Asymmetric injection of the beam into the solenoidal focusing field, small temporal variations in accelerating potentials, and slight cell misalignments cause the beam position to wander during the flattop. This is undesirable for radiography, because it causes a displacement of the four radiographic source spots. Since the specific energy deposition from each micro-pulse can vaporize target material, succeeding pulses impact an asymmetric object causing a distortion of the source spot. This presentation will review the physics of the beam motion and the tuning procedures we have optimized to minimize the number of shots required.

WEPC045	Transverse Emittance Reduction with Tapered Foil	emittance, scattering, electron, simulation	2112
	Y. Jiao, Y. Cai, A. Chao SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. The idea of reducing transverse emittance with tapered energy-loss foil is proposed by J.M. Peterson in 1980s and recently by B. Carlsten. In present paper, we present the physical model of tapered energy-loss foil and analyze the emittance reduction using the concept of eigen emittance. The study shows that, to reduce transverse emittance, one should collimate at least 4% of particles which has either much low energy or large transverse divergence. The multiple coulomb scattering is not trivial, leading to a limited emittance reduction ratio.

WEPC064	Long Term Beam Dynamics in Ultra-Low Energy Storage Rings	ion, storage-ring, antiproton, scattering	2166
	A.V. Smirnov MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany A.I. Papash, A.V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: "Work supported by STFC, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under contract VH-NG-328." Electrostatic storage rings operate at very low energies in the tens of keV range and have proven to be invaluable tools for atomic and molecular physics experiments. However, earlier measurements showed strong limitations in beam intensity, a fast reduction in the stored ion current, as well as significantly reduced beam life time at higher beam intensities and as a function of the ion optical elements used in the respective storage ring. In this contribution, the results from studies with the computer code BETACOOL into the long term beam dynamics in such storage rings, based on the examples of ELISA, the AD Recycler and the USR are presented.

WEPC074	Investigation of the Nonlinear Transformation of an Ion Beam in the Plasma Lens*	plasma, ion, focusing, cathode	2190
	N.N. Alexeev, A.A. Drozdovsky, S.A. Drozdovsky, A. Golubev, Yu.B. Novozhilov, P.V. Sasorov, S.M. Savin, V.V. Yanenko ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	The plasma lens can carry out not only sharp focusing of ions beam. At those stages at which the magnetic field is nonlinear, formation of other interesting configurations of beams is possible. Plasma lens provides formation of hollow beams of ions in a wide range of parameters. Application of the several plasma lenses allow to create some nontrivial spatial configurations of ions beams: to get a conic and a cylindrical beams. The plasma lens can be used for transformation of beams with Gaussian distribution of particles density in a beams with homogeneous spatial distribution. The calculations showed that it is possible for a case of equilibrium Bennett's distribution of a discharge current. This requires a long duration of a discharge current pulse of > 10 μs. The first beam tests have essentially confirmed expected result. Calculations and measurements were performed for a C+6 and Fe+26 beams of 200-300 MeV/a.u.m. energy. The obtained results and analysis are reported. A. Drozdovskiy et al., IPAC'10, Kioto, Japan, http://cern.ch/AccelConf/IPAC10 /MOPE040. ** A.Drozdovskiy et al., RUPAC’10, Protvino, Russia, http://cern.ch/AccelConf/RUPAC10 /THCHA01.

WEPC075	ITEP-TWAC Progress Report	ion, proton, laser, injection	2193
	N.N. Alexeev, P.N. Alekseev, V. Andreev, A. Balabaev, V.I. Nikolaev, A.S. Ryabtsev, Yu.A. Satov, V.A. Schegolev, B.Y. Sharkov, A. Shumshurov, V.P. Zavodov ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	The program of the ITEP-TWAC Facility upgrade for next three years has been approved last year in the frame of National Research Center Kurchatov Institute taking up ITEP in accordance with government decision. It includes expanding of multimode using proton and heavy ion beams in different applications on a base of new accelerator technologies development. The laser ion source advantage of high temperature plasma generation has to be transformed to high current and high charge state ion beam of Z/A up to 0.4 for elements with A ~ 60 to be effectively stacked in the accumulator ring with multiple charge exchange injection technique. The new high current heavy ion RFQ section is in progress for the beam test. Accelerating system of accumulator ring U-10 is modified to increase compression voltage for stacked beam by factor of four. Design of proton injection and beam slow extraction for UK ring is performed for its utilizing as self-depending synchrotron in medical application and for imitation of cosmic radiation. The machine status analysis and current results of activities aiming at both subsequent improvement of beam parameters and expanding beam applications are presented.

WEPC117	Symmetry Based Design for Beam Lines*	quadrupole, controls, insertion, beam-transport	2286
	S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov, M. Kosovtsov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Usually, the beam line design problems are solved using numerical optimization methods (for example, in the frame of so called global optimization paradigm). But this approach demonstrates enough effectiveness only after sufficient reduction of a control parameters set. In this paper we present the symmetry design concept based on symbolic computations for the corresponding beam line propagator. The combination of symbolic algebra codes (such as Maple, Mathematica, Maxima and so on) with the matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools enables us to carry out the entire theoretical and computing processes for design of the beam line under study. For this purpose some of necessary physical requirements are formulated in the terms of the corresponding symmetry conditions. The suggested approach can be realized in both exact and approximate forms of the symmetry terms. The found conditions can sufficiently reduce the number of control parameters for the next optimization step.

WEPC128	Application of Dynamical Maps to the FFAG EMMA Commissioning*	lattice, simulation, closed-orbit, acceleration	2304
	Y. Giboudot, R. Nilavalan Brunel University, Middlesex, United Kingdom A. Wolski The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK. The lattice of the Non Scaling FFAG EMMA has four degrees of freedom (strengths and transverse positions of each of the two quadrupoles in each periodic cell). Dynamical maps computed from an analytical representation of the magnetic field may be used to predict the beam dynamics in any configuration of the lattice. An interpolation technique using a mixed variable generating function representation for the map provides an efficient way to generate the map for any required lattice configuration, while ensuring symplecticity of the map. The interpolation technique is used in an optimisation routine, to identify the lattice configuration most closely machine specified dynamical properties, including the variation of time of flight with beam energy (a key characteristic for acceleration in EMMA). yoel.giboudot@stfc.ac.uk

WEPC165	Monte Carlo Simulation of the Total Dose Distribution around the 12 MeV UPC Race-track Microtron and Radiation Shielding Calculations	shielding, radiation, simulation, beam-losses	2370
	C. de la Fuente, M.A. Duch, Yu.A. Kubyshin UPC, Barcelona, Spain V.I. Shvedunov MSU, Moscow, Russia
	The Technical University of Catalonia is building a miniature 12 MeV electron race-track microtron for medical applications. In the paper we study the leakage radiation caused by beam losses inside the accelerator head, as well as the bremstrahlung radiation produced by the primary beam in the commissioning setting. Results of Monte Carlo simulations using the PENELOPE code are presented and two shielding schemes, global and local, are studied. The obtained shielding parameters are compared with estimates based on international recommendations of the radiation safety standards.

WEPC166	Licensing and Safety Issues of the ESS Accelerator	shielding, radiation, beam-losses, neutron	2373
	P.E.T. Jacobsson, M. Brandin, D. Ene, T. Hansson ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The licensing process for the European Spallation Source (ESS) has started up. The process includes both an application to the Environmental Court in Sweden as well as the application towards the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSM). The applications will be based on an Environmental Impact Assessment EIA) and a Safety Analysis Report (SAR). One important step has been to define which regulations that apply for ESS. ESS has also set up General Safety Objectives (GSO). Based on the GSO and the legal requirements, the process design of the whole ESS facility is ongoing. This paper will focus upon the radiation safety issues related to the accelerator. This includes items as radiation shielding, personal protection system and operation emissions. Analyses and calculations, based on a preliminary design and layout of the ESS accelerator, will be presented. Discussion is made on issues like shielding material, shielding design and analysis models.

WEPO021	Quadrupole Magnet with an Integrated Dipole Steering Element for the ISIS Beam Transport Line	dipole, quadrupole, beam-transport, proton	2445
	S.J.S. Jago, J. Shih, S.F.S. Tomlinson STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S.M. Gurov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	A refurbishment of beam transport line to the original ISIS target station at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has recently been completed. This work involved a slight change to the optics in the area, which included the requirement for extra steering capabilities. Due to the space constraints in the region, a quadrupole magnet with an integrated dipole steering element was developed. The steering dipole consists of four saddle shaped coils situated within the bore of the quadrupole magnet providing a maximum steering angle of 2.5mrad. This paper outlines the magnetic and mechanical design of the steering element.

WEPS016	Update on Comparison of the Particle Production using MARS Simulation Code	proton, factory, simulation, solenoid	2514
	G. Prior, S.S. Gilardoni CERN, Geneva, Switzerland X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA H.G. Kirk, N. Souchlas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: EU FP7 EUROnu WP3 In the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF), a 5-15 GeV (kinetic energy) proton beam impinges a Hg jet target in order to produce pions that will decay into muons. The muons are then captured and transformed into a beam that can be passed to the downstream acceleration system. The target sits in a solenoid field tapering from 20 T down to below 2 T over several meters permitting a optimized capture of the pions that will produce useful muons for the machine. The target and pion capture system have been simulated in MARS simulation code and this work presents an updated comparison of the particles production using the MARS code versions m1507 and m1510.

WEPS024	Beta Beams: An Accelerator-based Facility to Explore Neutrino Oscillation Physics	ion, linac, ECR, acceleration	2535
	E.H.M. Wildner, E. Benedetto, T. De Melo Mendonca, C. Hansen, T. Stora CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Berkovits Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel G. Burt, A.C. Dexter Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom A. Chancé, J. Payet CEA/DSM/IRFU, France M. Cinausero, G. De Angelis, F. Gramegna, T. Marchi, G.P. Prete INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G. Collazuol Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy F. Debray, C. Trophime GHMFL, Grenoble, France T. Delbar, T. Keutgen, M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium G. Di Rosa INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy M. Hass, T. Hirsch Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia L.V. Kravchuk RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, M. Marie-Jeanne, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble, France M. Mezzetto INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy A.V. Sidorov BINP SB RAS, Protvino, Moscow Region, Russia P. Sortais ISN, Grenoble, France A. Stahl RWTH, Aachen, Germany
	Funding: This contribution is a project funded by European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372. The recent discovery of neutrino oscillations, has implications for the Standard Model of particle physics (SM). Knowing the contribution of neutrinos to the SM, needs precise measurements of the parameters governing the neutrino oscillations. The EUROν Design Study will review three facilities (the so-called Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutrino Factories) and perform a cost assessment that, coupled with the physics performance, will give means to the European research authorities to make a decision on future European neutrino oscillation facility. "Beta Beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti-)neutrino by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a storage ring. EUROν Beta Beams are based on CERN’s infrastructure and existing machines. Using existing machines is an advantage for the cost evaluation, however, this choice is also constraining the Beta Beams. Recent work to make the Beta Beam facility a solid option will be described: production of Beta Beam isotopes, the 60 GHz pulsed ECR source development, integration into the LHC-upgrades, ensure the high intensity ion beam stability, and optimizations to get high neutrino fluxes.

WEPS064	Upgrade Strategies for High Power Proton Linacs	linac, cavity, neutron, proton	2646
	M. Lindroos, H. Danared, M. Eshraqi, D.P. McGinnis, S. Molloy, S. Peggs, K. Rathsman ESS, Lund, Sweden R.D. Duperrier CEA/DSM/IRFU, France J. Galambos ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	High power proton linacs are used as drivers for spallation neutron sources, and are proposed as drivers for sub-critical accelerator driven thorium reactors. A linac optimized for a specific average pulse current can be difficult, or inefficient, to operate at higher currents, for example due to mis-matching between the RF coupler and the beam loaded cavity, and due to Higher Order Mode effects. Hardware is in general designed to meet specific engineering values, such as pulse length and repetition rate, that can be costly and difficult to change, for example due to pre-existing space constraints. We review the different upgrade strategies that are available to proton driver designers, both for linacs under design, such as the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, and also for existing linacs, such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge. Potential ESS upgrades towards a beam power higher than 5 MW preserve the original time structure, while the SNS upgrade is directed towards the addition of a second target station.

WEPS069	The C70 ARRONAX and Beam Lines Status	cyclotron, simulation, proton, quadrupole	2661
	F. Poirier, F. Haddad SUBATECH, Nantes, France S. Auduc, S. Girault, C. Huet, E. Mace, F. Poirier Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France J.L. Delvaux IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Funding: The cyclotron ARRONAX is supported by the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire, local authorities, the French government and the European Union. The C70 Arronax project is a high intensity (up to 350 ·10^-6 A) and high energy (70 MeV) multi-particle cyclotron aiming at R&D on material and radiolysis, and production of rare radioisotopes. The project began its hands-on phase in December 2010, and is now undergoing beam lines’ modification in experimental halls for both present and future experiments. Characterization of the beams at the end of the beam lines is of particular importance to determine the capacity of the cyclotron for the end-line experimental users. A program of beam characterization is being performed based on dedicated diagnostics, e.g. beam profilers, Faraday cups, alumina foils, and also on a series of Geant4 beam simulations. The results of the measurements, along with the simulations, are detailed in this report for proton and alpha particle beams, as well as the future prospects of the characterization program.

WEPS071	High Power, High Energy Cyclotrons for Muon Antineutrino Production: the DAEdALUS Project	proton, cyclotron, beam-losses, extraction	2667
	J.R. Alonso, T. Smidt MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Neutrino physics is very much at the forefront of today's research. Large detectors installed in deep underground locations study neutrino masses, CP violation, and oscillations using neutrino-sources including long- and short-baseline beams of neutrinos from muons decaying in flight. DAEdALUS* looks at neutrinos from stopped muons, “Decay At Rest (DAR)” neutrinos. The DAR neutrino spectrum has no electron antineutrinos (nu-e-bar) (pi-minus are absorbed), so a detector with much hydrogen (water-Cherenkov or liquid scintillator) is sensitive to appearance of nu-e-bar’s oscillating from nu-mu-bar via inverse-beta-decay. Oscillations are studied using shorter baselines, less than 20 km reaching the same range as the current and planned high-energy neutrino lines at Fermilab. As the neutrino flux is not variable, nor is the energy, the baseline is varied, plans call for 3 accelerator-based neutrino sources at 1.5, 8 and 20 km with staggered beam-on cycles. Key is cost-effectively generating megawatt beams of 800 MeV protons. A superconducting ring cyclotron is being designed by L. Calabretta and his group*. This revolutionary design could find application in many ADS-related fields. DAEdALUS Expression of Interest, arXiv:10⁰⁶.0260 ** Calabretta et al., "A Superconducting Ring Cyclotron to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector", this conference

WEPS082	Development of FLNR JINR Heavy Ion Accelerator Complex in the Next Seven Years: New DC-280 Cyclotron Project	ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction	2700
	G.G. Gulbekyan, S.L. Bogomolov, O.N. Borisov, S.N. Dmitriev, J. Franko, B. Gikal, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, V.I. Kazacha, N.Yu. Kazarinov, N.F. Osipov, A. Tikhomirov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	At present time four isochronous cyclotrons: U-400, U-400M, U-200 and IC-100 are in operation at the JINR FLNR. Total operation time is about 10000 hours per year. The U400M is a primary beam generator and U400 is as postaccelerator in RIB (DRIBs) experiments to produce and accelerate exotic nuclides such as 6He, 8He etc. One of the basic scientific programs which are carried out in FLNR - synthesis of new elements which demands intensive beams of heavy ions. Now U-400 is capable to provide long term experiments on Ca 48 beams with intensity of 1 pμA.In order to improve efficiency of the experiments for the next 7 years it is necessary to obtain the accelerated ion beams with the following parameters. Ion energy 4/8 MeV/n Masses 10/238 Beam intensity (up to A=50) 10 pμA Beam emittance less 30 π mm·mrad These parameters have underlain the project of new cyclotron DC-280.

WEPS092	High Energy Beam Line Design of the 600MeV, 4 mA Proton Linac for the MYRRHA Facility	vacuum, dipole, proton, linac	2721
	H. Saugnac IPN, Orsay, France
	The general goal of the CDT project is to design a FAst Spectrum Transmutation Experimental Facility (FASTEF) able to demonstrate efficient transmutation and associated technology through a system working in subcritical and/or critical mode. A superconducting LINAC, part of the MYRRHA facility, will produce a 600 MeV, 4 mA proton beam and transport it to the spalation target located inside the reactor core. On this paper we focus on the final beam line design and describe optic simulations, beam instrumentation, integration inside the reactor building, mechanical and vacuum aspects as well as a preliminary design of the 2.4 MW beam dump located at the end of the accelerator tunnel.

WEPS103	Design of a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron for the Final Stage of Acceleration in a Common Proton Driver for a Neutrino Factory and a Spallation Neutron Source Based on Megawatt Upgrades to ISIS	proton, booster, neutron, acceleration	2751
	J. Pasternak STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom L.J. Jenner, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	Potential upgrades to the ISIS accelerators at RAL in the UK to provide proton beams in the few GeV and few MW range could be envisaged as the starting point for a proton driver shared between a short pulse spallation neutron source and the Neutrino Factory. The accelerator chain for the spallation neutron source, consisting of an 800 MeV H⁻ linac and a 3.2 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), is currently being designed and optimised. The design of the RCS for the final stage of acceleration, which would increase the final beam energy of the dedicated pulses to feed the Neutrino Factory pion production target is presented. The feasibility of the final bunch compression to the necessary nanosecond range is also discussed.

THYA01	Beam Dynamics in Positron Injector Systems for Next Generation B Factories	emittance, positron, linac, injection	2857
	N. Iida, H. Ikeda, T. Kamitani, M. Kikuchi, K. Oide, D.M. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	SuperKEKB, the upgrade plan of KEKB, aims to boost the luminosity up to 8x10³5 /cm²/s. The beam energy of the Low Energy Ring (LER) is 4 GeV for positrons, and that of the High Energy Ring is 7 GeV for electrons. SuperKEKB is designed to produce low emittance beams. The horizontal and vertical emittances of the injection beams are 12.5 nm and 0.9 nm, respectively, which are one or two orders smaller than those of KEKB. The normal and maximum required charges are 4 nC and 8nC, respectively. The positron injector system consists of the source, capture systems, L-band and S-band linacs, collimators, an energy compression system (ECS), a 1.1-GeV damping ring, a bunch compression system (BCS), S-band and C-band linacs, another ECS and a beam transport line into the LER. For the low emittance beam with a huge amount of the positron charge like 8nC, some kinds of issues by the instabilities will be predicted due to such as Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR), beam loading, beam-beam effects, and so on. This paper reports a design of the positron beam injection system for SuperKEKB. In addition, comparisons with SuperB are described.
	Slides THYA01 [7.572 MB]

THOAB01	Accelerator-driven Subcritical Molten-salt-fueled Reactors	neutron, radiation, linac, proton	2868
	R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA C. Bowman ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Reactors built using solid fissile materials sealed in fuel rods have an inherent safety problem in that volatile radioactive materials in the rods are accumulated and can be released in dangerous amounts. Accelerator parameters for subcritical reactors that have been considered in recent studies have primarily been based on using solid nuclear fuel much like that used in all operating critical reactors as well as the thorium-burning accelerator-driven energy amplifier proposed by Rubbia et al. An attractive alternative reactor design that used molten salts was experimentally studied at ORNL in the 1960s, where a critical molten salt reactor was successfully operated using enriched U235 or U233 tetrafluoride fuels. These experiments give confidence that an accelerator-driven subcritical molten salt reactor will work as well or better than conventional reactors, having better efficiency due to their higher operating temperature, having the inherent safety of subcritical operation, and having constant purging of volatile radioactive elements to eliminate their accumulation and potential accidental release in dangerous amounts.
	Slides THOAB01 [5.723 MB]

THOBB03	Research and Development of Novel Advanced Materials for Next-generation Collimators	impedance, radiation, collimation, beam-losses	2888
	A. Bertarelli, G. Arnau-Izquierdo, F. Carra, A. Dallocchio, M. Gil Costa, N. Mariani CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: This work has partly been carried out through the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program. The study of innovative collimators is essential to handle the high energy particle beams required to explore unknown territory in basic research. This calls for the development of novel advanced materials, as no existing metal-based or carbon-based material possesses the combination of physical, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties, imposed by collimator extreme working conditions. A new family of materials, with promising features, has been identified: metal-diamond composites. These materials are to combine the outstanding thermal and physical properties of diamond with the electrical and mechanical properties of metals. The best candidates are Copper-Diamond (Cu-CD) and Molybdenum-Diamond (Mo-CD). In particular, Mo-CD may provide interesting properties as to mechanical strength, melting temperature, thermal shock resistance and, thanks to its balanced material density, energy absorption. The research program carried out on these materials at CERN and collaborating partners is presented, mainly focusing on the theoretical investigation, material characterization, and manufacturing processes.
	Slides THOBB03 [3.948 MB]

THPO021	A New Control System for the ISIS Main Magnet Power Supply	controls, power-supply, status, synchrotron	3385
	J. Ranner, T.E. Carter, S. West STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire is a world-leading centre for research in the physical and life sciences. At the heart of the ISIS accelerator is a proton synchrotron which uses a ring of dipole and quadrupole magnets connected in series and configured as a White Circuit. The circuit allows the magnets to be fed with an AC current superimposed on a DC current. A recent upgrade to the main magnet power supply* involved the replacement of the original AC supply, a motor-alternator set, with a bank of four 300kVA UPS (uninterruptible power supplies) which had been modified to allow the output voltage to be varied using serial commands. However, when initially tested, this method was unable to produce the required stability in the main magnet current. This paper describes the further modifications to the UPS units to achieve the required stability and the development of a LabVIEW control system which manages the data acquisition and analysis, the communication to the UPS, interlock equipment and user interface, and provides a low latency control loop to the UPS and DC bias power supplies. * M.G. White et al., “A 3-BeV High Intensity Proton Synchrotron”, CERN Symp.1956 Proc., p525. ** S. West, J.W. Gray, W.A. Morris, “Upgrade of the ISIS Main Magnet Power Supply”, EPAC 2004 p1467.

THPS004	Beam Dynamics Simulation on Simultaneous use of Stochastic Cooling and Electron Cooling with Internal Target	electron, emittance, simulation, proton	3433
	T. Kikuchi, N. Harada, T. Sasaki, H. Tamukai Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan T. Katayama GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The small momentum spread of proton beam has to be realized and kept in the storage ring during the experiment with a dense internal target. The stochastic cooling alone does not compensate the momentum spread increases due to the scattering at the internal target. The dense proton beam in the six dimensional phase space includes intra-beam scattering as one of emittance growth mechanisms. The numerical simulation is carried out using Fokker-Planck equation solver, and the results on the simultaneous use of stochastic cooling and electron cooling at COSY are indicated.

THPS012	Simulation of the Generation and Transport of Laser-Accelerated Ion Beams	electron, ion, laser, simulation	3445
	O. Boine-Frankenheim, V. Kornilov GSI, Darmstadt, Germany L. Zsolt TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	In the framework of the LIGHT project a dedicated test stand is under preparation at GSI for the transport and focusing of laser accelerated ion beams. The relevant acceleration mechanism for the parameters achievable at the GSI PHELIX laser is the TNSA (Target Normal Sheath Acceleration). The subsequent evolution of the ion beam can be described rather well by the isothermal plasma expansion model. This model assumes an initial dense plasma layer with a 'hot' electron component and 'cold' ions. We will present 1D and 2D simulation results obtained with the VORPAL code on the expansion of the beam and on the cooling down of the neutralizing electrons. The electrons and their temperature can play an important role for the focusing of the beam in a solenoid magnet, as foreseen in the GSI test stand. We will discuss possible controlled de-neutralization schemes using external magnet fields.

THPS013	Radiation Pressure Acceleration of Multi-ion Thin Foil	ion, laser, proton, acceleration	3448
	T.-C. Liu, G. Dudnikova, M.Q. He, C.-S. Liu, R.Z. Sagdeev, X. Shao, J.-J. Su UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
	Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) is considered as an efficient way to produce quasi-monoenergetic ions, in which an ultra-thin foil is accelerated by high intensity circularly polarized laser. Our simulation study shows that an important factor limiting this acceleration process is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which results in the exponential growth of the foil density perturbation during the acceleration and hence the induced transparency of the foil and broadening of the particle energy spectrum. We will study RPA of multi-ion thin foil made of carbon and hydrogen and investigate the possibility of using abundant electrons supplied from carbon to delay the foil from becoming transparent, enhance the acceleration of protons and therefore improve the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton beam. We will show the dependence of the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton and carbon beam on the density and concentration ratio of carbon and hydrogen in the foil as well as foil thickness for RPA.

THPS014	Laser Thin Gas Target Acceleration for Quasi-monoenergetic Proton Generation	laser, ion, proton, acceleration	3451
	M.Q. He, G. Dudnikova, C.-S. Liu, T.-C. Liu, R.Z. Sagdeev, X. Shao, J.-J. Su UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA Z.M. Sheng Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	We propose a scheme of laser thin gas target acceleration for quasi-monoenergetic proton generation. The scheme uses gas target of thickness about several laser wavelengths with gas density spatial distribution of Guassian or square of sine shape. We performed Particle-In-Cell simulation using circularly polarized laser of normalized maximum amplitude ~5 and hydrogen gas target of thickness ~5 laser wavelength with peak density three times of the critical density. The simulation demonstrates several key physical processes involved in the laser thin gas target acceleration and the observation of quasi-monoenergetic protons. During the early phase of the laser plasma interaction, electron and ion cavities are observed. A compressed plasma layer is formed. The reflected protons in front of the compressed layer are accelerated and thus a bunch of quasi-monoenergetic protons are obtained. The compressed layer is finally destroyed due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The acceleration of the quasi-monoenergetic proton then stops with maximum energy about 8 MeV. It is also found that gas target thickness plays an important role for efficient quasi-monoenergetic proton generation.

THPS020	Development of C⁶⁺ Laser Ion Source	ion, laser, acceleration, ion-source	3460
	A. Yamaguchi Toshiba Corporation, Power And Industrial Systems Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Japan
	A C⁶⁺ laser ion source has been developed for a heavy ion accelerator, which supplies pulsed ion beam for single-turn injection system of a synchrotron by one laser shot. A graphite plate is irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (10⁶⁴ nm of wavelength, 1.4 J of maximum laser energy, 10 ns of pulse duration) to generate carbon ions. The characteristics of the ion beam were studied by using the time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and the magnetic momentum analyzer. Results of the experiments are presented.

THPS031	The Beam Expander System for the European Spallation Source	octupole, multipole, quadrupole, proton	3487
	H.D. Thomsen, A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	At the European Spallation Source (ESS), neutrons are produced by high energy (2.5 GeV) protons impinging on a target. The lifetime of the target is highly dependent on the beam footprint. In general, the lower the average current density, the longer the lifetime of the target will be. A detailed study of two different expander systems suggested to be used to obtain the desired beam footprint has been undertaken. For reference, a system of quadrupole defocusing is used. The two systems under study are expansion of the beam by magnetic multipoles and raster scanning (painting) of the narrow linac beam over the target area. The designs, specifications, and comparative risks of the three systems will be described.

THPS036	Development of Thin NCS-foils by N+ Ion Beam Sputtering and Their Characteristics	ion, heavy-ion, scattering	3499
	I. Sugai, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, Y. Takeda KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Hattori, K.K. Kawasaki RLNR, Tokyo, Japan
	We have developed thin Nitride Carbon Stripper foils (NCS-foil) with a higher nitrogen content by ion beam sputtering　method with reactive nitrogen gas. Such NCS-foils have been demonstrated that the foils in range of 10^-25 ug/m2 have shown long-lifetime as stripper foil against high intensity heavy ion beam bombardment. From the results, we found that the nitrogen element in the carbon foils plays very important role of the foil lifetime. Therefore, in order to investigate further influence of the lifetime on the nitrogen amount in the NCS-foils, we measured the sputtering yield at the different sputtering angles and carbon source materials. We also measured the ratio of nitrogen in carbon foil made at the different sputtering angles, target materials and the sputtering voltages of 4-15 kV by means of RBS method. The foil-lifetime made in above different conditions was measured with a 3.2 MeV Ne⁺ ion beam. The lifetime does not essentially depend on the sputtering angles and the target materials, and the maximum and average lifetimes showed 240 and 40 times longer than that of the CM-best foils.

THPS037	Performance Characteristics of HBC-foils by 650 KeV H⁻ and DC High Intensity Ion Beam Irradiation	ion, cathode, light-ion, heavy-ion	3502
	I. Sugai, Y. Irie, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Kinsho, Y. Yamazaki, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Newly developed Hybrid type Boron mixed Carbon stripper foils (HBC-stripper foil) are extensively used for not only J-PARC, for but also LANL-PSR since September of 2007. In order to know further characteristics of the HBC-stripper foils, we measured following parameters; foil lifetimes, thickness reduction, uniformity before and after beam irradiation and foil shrinkage, using 3.2 MeV Ne⁺ DC beam from TIT-Van de Grraff and 650 keV DC proton beam at KEK Cock-Croft accelerators, which are almost the same energy deposition as well as the J-PARC. We also investigated sputtering yield by hydrogen ion beam, thermal conductivity, weight change in heating and density of the HBC-stripper foils. We compared these values with other tested carbon stripper foils such as commercially available carbon foils (CM-foil), synthetic diamond (DM-foil) and nano-tube carbon foils (NTC-foil). Through these experiments, the　HBC-stripper foils showed superior performance characteristics, in especially, on the lifetime at temperature higher than 1800K compared with other tested CM-, DM- and NTC-foils.

THPS041	Design of Beam Transport Line from RCS to Target for CSNS	kicker, proton, simulation, octupole	3514
	W.B. Liu, N. Huang, J. Qiu, J. Tang, S. Wang, G. Xu IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) uses the high energy proton beam to strike the Tungsten target to generate neutrons through spallation reaction. The proton beam is extracted from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), whose beam power reaches 100 kW. For the sake of target lifetime, beam distribution at the target surface is required as uniform as possible. Nonlinear beam density redistribution method with two octupole magnets has been studied. Also some simulation and theoretical calculation have been done. According to the simulation result, the beam density at the target is optimized and the beam loss is under control.

THPS050	The High Energy Beam Transport System for the European Spallation Source	linac, collimation, quadrupole, octupole	3538
	A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	As part of the accelerator design update for the European Spallation Source (ESS), we present results from a detailed study of the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) line. The HEBT is a transport line around 100 m long, which connects the 2.5-GeV linac to the target. The linac will deliver a current of 50 mA, a pulse length of 2 ms and a repetition rate of 20 Hz, and losses are of utmost importance. Presumably, the HEBT will continue the 10 m period focusing structure of the linac. Two bends – overall, achromatic – will be needed to connect the different vertical levels between the linac and the target. A number of design aspects will be discussed here: space for future linac cryostats, the need and location for collimation, the location of the tuning beam dump and the associated beam optics, and the beam expander system, which provide the desired beam footprint on the target (see also separate contribution). A proposed design including options will be described together with hardware specifications.

THPS051	Development of Fragmented Low-Z Ion Beams for the NA61 Fixed-target Experiment at the CERN SPS	ion, secondary-beams, light-ion, injection	3541
	I. Efthymiopoulos, O.E. Berrig, T. Bohl, H. Breuker, M. Calviani, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, D. Manglunki, S. Mataguez, S. Maury, J. Spanggaard, C. Valderanis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Z. Fodor KFKI, Budapest, Hungary M. Gazdzicki IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany F. Gouber, A. Ivashkin RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia P. Seyboth MPI-P, München, Germany H. Stroebele IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The NA61 experiment, aims to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement at low SPS energies and to find signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter. A broad range in T-μ_B phase diagram will be covered by performing an energy (13A-158A GeV/c) and system size (p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Ca, Xe+La) scan. In a first phase, fragmented ion beams of 7Be or 11C produced as secondaries with the same momentum per nucleon when the incident primary Pb-ion beam hits a thin Be target will be used. The H2 beam line that transports the beam to the experiment acts as a double spectrometer which combined with a new thin target (degrader) where fragments loose energy proportional to the square of their charge allows the separation of the wanted A/Z fragments. Thin scintillators and TOF measurement for the low energy points are used as particle identification devices. In this paper results from the first test of the fragmented ion beam done in 2010 will be presented showing that a pure Be beam can be obtained satisfying the needs of the experiment.

THPS060	RAM Methodology and Activities for IFMIF Engineering Design	neutron, controls, vacuum, rfq	3565
	J.M. Arroyo, A. Ibarra, J. Molla CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain J. Abal, E. Bargalló, J. Dies, C. Tapia UPC, Barcelona, Spain
	IFMIF will be an accelerator-based neutron source to test fusion candidate materials. The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities of IFMIF are aimed to deliver the complete engineering design file of this major facility. Achieving a high level of availability and reliability is a key point for IFMIF mission. A goal of 70% of operational availability has been established. In order to fulfill the availability requirements, RAM has to be considered during the engineering design phase. This paper summarizes the methodology developed and the proposed process aimed at including RAM in the design of IFMIF, as well as the activities performed in this framework. Overall RAM specifications have been defined for IFMIF project. RAM methodology dealing with RAM design guidelines, reliability database and RAM modelization has been developed. As a first step for the iterative process of RAM analysis of IFMIF design, a fault tree model based on a new reliability database has been performed with Risk Spectrum®. The result is a first assessment of the availability and first allocation of RAM requirements.

THPS064	Application of X-band 3.95 MeV Linac X-ray Source for On-site Bridge Inspection	linac, site, gun, electron	3571
	H.F. Jin, K. Demachi, K. Dobashi, T. Fujiwara, M. Uesaka, H. Zhu The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	We developed an X-ray non-destructive (NDT) system for on-site bridge inspection. A portable X-band (9.3-12 GHz) 3.95MeV linear accelerator (linac) has been developed for this system. The system consists of X-ray of 62kg without the target collimeter of 80kg, the RF power source of 62kg and other utility box of 116kg. For the onsite investigation, a flexible waveguide is used for this linac. And the linac is a point X-ray source. For X-ray detection, we chose 8-inch square size scintillation type flat panel detector. The spatial resolution of the detector is as high as 0.2mm, which is manufactured by Perkin Elmer Co. Cd2O2S:Tb is used for the scintillator crystal. The capable radiation energy range is 40keV to 15MeV. In order to realize quick inspection for a bridge, remote control robot which handles and compact X-ray source and detector are desired. Therefore, we developed 3D location system for this robot. The locating system is realized with image processing with its camera. For the operation, stereoscopic radiographic image is taken and analyzed, and computed tomography (CT) image analysis is taken for detailed inspection. Non-destructive test (NDT) , X-ray Source, X-band, Linac, Detector, Computed Tomography (CT).

THPS072	Commissioning of NIRS Fast Scanning System for Heavy-ion Therapy	controls, synchrotron, ion, monitoring	3595
	T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan E. Takeshita Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
	The commissioning of NIRS fast scanning system was started in September 2010, when the first beam was successfully delivered from the HIMAC synchrotron to the new treatment room. After the fine tuning of the new transport line, the commissioning of the scanning system was carried out as following steps; 1) verification of the beam size, position and intensity stability; 2) verification of beam scanning performance and calibration; 3) verification of beam monitor performance; 4) dose measurement of pencil beams for the beam parameterization in the treatment planning system; and 5) verification of 3D dose conformation. As a result of the commissioning, we verified that the new scanning delivery system can produce an accurate 3D dose distribution for the target volume in combination with the planning software. We will report the commissioning results and the performance of the scanning system.

THPS073	Dosimetric Impact of Multiple Energy Operation in Carbon-ion Radiotherapy	ion, synchrotron, simulation, scattering	3598
	T. Inaniwa, T. Furukawa, N. Kanematsu, S. Mori, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	In radiotherapy with a scanned carbon beam, its Bragg peak is placed within the target volume either by inserting the range shifter plates or by changing the beam energy extracted from the synchrotron. The former method (range shifter scanning: RS) is adopted in NIRS while the latter method (active energy scanning: ES) has been used in GSI and HIT. In NIRS, an intermediate method, a combination scanning (CS), is now under consideration where eleven beam energies having the ranges with 30 mm intervals are prepared and used in conjunction with the range shifter plates for slighter range shift. The disadvantages of the RS are the beam spread due to the multiple scattering within the range shifter plates and the production of fragment particles through the nuclear reactions within them. On the other hand, for the ES, severely time-consuming beam commissioning and the expensive devices are required. In this study, we compare these three methods from the viewpoint of dose distributions and the impacts for clinical cases will be discussed.

THPS075	Recent Progress of New Cancer Therapy Facility at HIMAC	synchrotron, ion, heavy-ion, controls	3604
	T. Shirai, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, S. Sato, E. Takada, Y. Takei, E. Takeshita NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan T. Fujimoto, T. Kadowaki, T. Miyoshi, Y. Sano AEC, Chiba, Japan
	Since 1994, the carbon beam treatment has been continued at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The total number of patients treated is more than 5,000 in 2010. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, we have developed new treatment equipments toward adaptive cancer therapy with heavy ion at New Particle Therapy Research Facility in NIRS.

THPS078	Medical Applications of INR Proton Linac	proton, neutron, linac, isotope-production	3613
	S.V. Akulinichev, L.V. Kravchuk RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The main parameters of INR proton linac are suitable for several medical applications. The isotope laboratory of INR is now producing Sr-82 for PET diagnostics in cardiology and the first proton therapy treatment room is now being tested. This treatment room was designed for the therapy of tumors of different sizes and localizations, the patient position can be either sitting or lying. The combination of scatterers and collimators makes the formed beam profile at the isocenter insensitive to the initial beam profile in the transport channel. During the linac run for medicine at the end of 2010 the proton beams with energies of 120-209 MeV have been shown to fulfilled the medical requirements. Due to high maximal intensity of the proton beam, the brachytherapy source activation and the neutron therapy can become other applications of the facility. It is possible to use the parasitic neutrons, arising at the isotope laboratory or at some installations of the experimental complex, for the activation of medical sources with ytterbium or other nuclides, for the neutron therapy and even for the boron or gadolinium neutron-capture therapy of radio-resistant tumors.

THPS079	Vacuum-insulation Tandem Accelerator for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy	neutron, vacuum, proton, tandem-accelerator	3615
	S.Yu. Taskaev, V.I. Aleynik, A. Burdakov, A.A. Ivanov, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.N. Sorokin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Novel powerful electrostatic vacuum-insulation tandem accelerator had been proposed* and created at BINP. A 2 MeV 3 mA dc proton beam is obtained. Neutrons are generated by 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction in the near threshold mode. Epithermal neutron flux is formed for the development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of malignant tumors. In this report results on proton beam obtaining, neutron flux generation and in vitro investigation are presented and discussed. This accelerator based neutron source looks like a prototype of compact inexpensive epithermal neutron source for the spread of BNCT. Plans on BNCT realization are declared. Also the facility is used for the development of nuclear resonance absorption technique for nitrogen detection, and for the investigation of neutronless fusion. First, 9.17-MeV gamma rays are generated by 13C(p,gamma)14N reaction at 1.76 MeV protons. Second, we are ready to measure alfa particles energy spectrum of p+11B reaction. Bayanov et al., NIM A 413 (1998) 397-426. Kuznetsov et al., Technical Physics Letters 35/8 (2009) 1-6. * Kuznetsov et al., NIM A 606 (2009) 238-242.

THPS080	The New Bern Cyclotron Laboratory for Radioisotope Production and Research	cyclotron, proton, radiation, extraction	3618
	S. Braccini, A. Ereditato LHEP, Bern, Switzerland P. Scampoli Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy K. von Bremen SWAN, Bern, Switzerland
	A new cyclotron laboratory for radioisotope production and multi-disciplinary research is under construction in Bern and will be operational by the end of 2011. A commercial IBA 18 MeV proton cyclotron, equipped with a specifically conceived 6 m long external beam line, ending in a separate bunker, will provide beams for routine 18-F production as well as for novel detector, radiation biophysics, radioprotection, radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments. The accelerator is embedded into a complex building which hosts two physics laboratories, four GMP radiochemistry and radiopharmacy laboratories, offices and two floors for patient treatment and clinical research activities. This project is the result of a successful collaboration among the University Hospital in Bern (Inselspital), the University of Bern and private investors, aiming at the constitution of a combined medical and research center able to provide the most cutting-edge technologies in medical imaging and cancer radiation therapy. For this purpose, the establishment of a proton therapy center on the campus of Inselspital is in the phase of advanced study.

THPS082	Dose-homogeneity Driven Beam Delivery System Performance Requirements for MedAustron	proton, ion, extraction, scattering	3624
	M. Palm, F. Moser CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Benedikt, A. Fabich EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria M. Palm ATI, Wien, Austria
	MedAustron, the Austrian hadron therapy center is currently under construction. Irradiation will be performed using active scanning with proton or carbon ion pencil beams. Major beam delivery system contributors to dose heterogeneities during active scanning are evaluated: beam position, beam size and spot weight errors. Their individual and combined effect on the dose distribution is quantified, using semi-analytical models of lateral beam spread in the nozzle and target and depth-dose curves for protons and carbon ions. Deduced requirements on critical parts of the beam delivery system are presented. Preventive and active methods to suppress the impact of beam delivery inaccuracies are proposed.

THPS083	Two-channel Mode of Mo-99 Production at an Electron Accelerator	neutron, electron, simulation, photon	3627
	V.L. Uvarov, A.N. Dovbnya, V.V. Mytrochenko, V.I. Nikiforov, S.A. Perezhogin, V.A. Shevchenko, B.I. Shramenko, A.Eh. Tenishev, A.V. Torgovkin NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	High-energy bremsstrahlung is the main source of isotopic target activation at an electron accelerator. The photoneutrons concurrently generated are generally considered as a background radiation. At the same time, the natural materials entering into photonuclear targets sometimes comprise a mixture of stable isotopes, the atomic-number difference of which equals 2. Thus, if the desired isotope has an intermediate mass, then at certain conditions, it can be produced on two target nuclei at once, via (γ,n) and (n,γ) channels. As an example, we investigate the possibility of increasing the yield of 99Mo by means of its simultaneous production from 100Mo(γ,n)99Mo and 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo reactions. The method and the device have been developed to provide measurements of the 99Mo yield from the natural molybdenum target as it is placed inside the neutron moderator and without the latter. Experiments were performed at the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-40m at electron energies ranging from 30 to 60 MeV. It is demonstrated that the use of the moderator gives nearly a 30% increase in the 99Mo yield. The experimental results are in good agreement with the computer simulation data.

THPS084	Modification of the PENELOPE Transport System for HS Simulation of Isotope Production Mode	electron, simulation, photon, radiation	3630
	V.L. Uvarov, V.I. Nikiforov NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	A method has been developed for high-speed computing the photonuclear isotope yield along with the absorbed radiation power in exit devices of electron accelerator. The technique involves a step-by-step calculation of isotope microyield along the photon trajectories. The approach has been realized in the computer programs based on the PENELOPE system of -2001, -2006 and -2008 versions. For their benchmarking, use has been made of the experimental data on activity distributions of the 67Cu produced from 68Zn(γ,p)67Cu reaction in thick zinc targets. The results of simulation using the PENELOPE-2006 and -2008 codes are in excellent agreement with all experimental data. At the same time, the PENELOPE-2001 computations give good agreement with the experimental results for target activation by the electron beam, but systematically underestimate (~15%) in case of the target exposed to bremsstrahlung. The proposed technique provides a ~ 10⁴ times higher computation speed as compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation of photonuclear events and that speed is independent of the reaction cross section.

THPS088	LHC Beam Impact on Materials Considering the Time Structure of the Beam	proton, simulation, kicker, extraction	3639
	N.A. Tahir GSI, Darmstadt, Germany J. Blanco, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Piriz Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain A. Shutov IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia
	The LHC is the world's largest and highest energy accelerator. Two counter-rotating beams can be accelerated up to 7 TeV and kept colliding for several hours. The energy stored in each beam is up to 362MJ, enough to melt 500 kg of copper. A fast loss of a small fraction of the beam can cause damage to a superconducting coil in a magnet. Primary beam collimators, one of the most robust parts of the machine protection, can be damaged with about 5% of the beam. An accident involving the entire beam is very unlikely but cannot be fully excluded. Understanding the consequences of such accidents is fundamental for the machine protection. Detailed numerical simulations have been carried out to assess the damage caused by full LHC beam impact on solid Cu and C cylinders. The energy loss of the protons is calculated with the FLUKA code and this data is used as input to a 2D hydrodynamic code BIG2, to study the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic response of the material. Since the target parameters change substantially during the time of impact, a new approach of running the two codes iteratively, has been developed. In this paper the results are presented and compared with the previous studies.

THPS089	Application of Particle Accelerators to Study High Energy Density Physics in the Laboratory	ion, simulation, heavy-ion, plasma	3642
	N.A. Tahir, T. Stöhlker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany R. Piriz Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain A. Shutov IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia A.A. Zharikov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	High Energy Density (HED) Physics spans over wide areas of basic and applied physics. Strongly bunched high quality intense particle beams are an excellent tool to generate HED matter in the laboratory. Over the past decade, we have carried out extensive theoretical work to design HED physics experiments for the future FAIR facility at Darmstadt. These experiments will be carried out to study the equation-of-state properties of HED matter, interiors of the Giant planets, growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in solids and ideal fluids in the linear and the non-linear regimes** as well as the solid constitutive properties of materials of interest under dynamic conditions. * N.A. Tahir et al., PRL 95 (2005) 135004. N.A. Tahir et al., New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 073022. * N.A. Tahir et al., Phys. Plasmas 18 (2011) 032704.

THPS091	Scientific Feasibility of Fusion Material Irradiation Experiments in ESS-B	proton, neutron, radiation, remote-handling	3648
	I. Garcia-Cortes, A. Ibarra, R. Vila CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain E. Abad, R. Martinez ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain F.J. Bermejo Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
	Material irradiation by protons is capable of simulating the effects of fusion neutrons (14 MeV, target damaging and He & H production) with a reasonably fast dose rate, according to theoretical calculations and previous experiments. Therefore, given that the ESS-Bilbao (ESS-B) accelerator, under construction in Bilbao, will provide an intense source of 50 MeV protons, with total currents of a few mA’s, a laboratory for fusion material testing is proposed. This paper appraises the scientific feasibility of performing fusion relevant experiments in the proposed laboratory. Material characterization under proton irradiation (by in-beam techniques to assess mechanical properties) while monitoring mechanical, micro-structural and compositional changes of the irradiated materials are some of the laboratory goals. Special emphasis is placed on expected radiation damage parameters in structural and functional materials, the beam power deposition in the sample and the consequences of material activation for the laboratory design.

THPS092	Conceptual Design of the ESS-Bilbao Materials Irradiation Laboratory	proton, neutron, simulation, radiation	3651
	R. Martinez, E. Abad ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain F.J. Bermejo Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain I. Garcia-Cortes, A. Ibarra, R. Vila CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	Funding: ESS-Bilbao The baseline design for the first stage of the ESS-Bilbao proton linear accelerator up to 50 MeV is almost concluded and the linac is at present under construction. Three main application laboratories have been envisaged in this first stage: two proton irradiation laboratories and a low intensity neutron source. In particular, the high intensity proton beam of 50 MeV will be used to test structural materials for fusion reactors* under project named “Protons for Materials” (P4M), described in this contribution. The P4M irradiation room will be an underground facility located at the accelerator's tunnel depth. High levels of activation are expected in this irradiation room and its design presents challenges in both remote handling and independent operation from the other two surface laboratories. Thermal analysis of the beam power deposition over the target will be presented. K. Konashyetal, Sci. Rep. RITU, A45(1997), pp.111-114.

THPS096	Neutron-physical Characteristics of the Subcritical Setup with Natural Uranium Blanket Bombarded by 4 GeV Deuterons	neutron, proton, radiation, background	3660
	M. Artiushenko, Y.T. Petrusenko, V.V. Sotnikov, V.A. Voronko NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine A.A. Patapenka, A.A. Safronava, I.V. Zhuk JIPNR-Sosny NASB, Minsk, Belarus
	An extended U/Pb-assembly was irradiated with an extracted beam of 4 GeV deuterons from the Nuclotron accelerator at the JINR, Dubna, Russia. Information on the spatial distributions of neutrons in the lead target and the uranium blanket was obtained with sets of activation detectors (natPb and natU) and solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD). Spatial distribution of the natPb, and natU fission reaction rates in the volume of the target and blanket installation were obtained using SSNTD techniques. Activation method was used to obtain the spatial distributions of 238U(n,g), 238U(n,f) reactions rates. The procedure of combining the track counting and gamma-spectrometry techniques for the determination of spectral indices is a new development. It includes gathering information from the same sample by SSNTD methods, i.e., counting the fission tracks of 238U, and also by gamma-spectrometry of 239Np production. Sets of spectral indices values (ratio of 238U(n,g) to 238U(n,f) reaction rates), representing the integral nuclear data were defined. Comparison between the experimental data and the calculations performed with the use of the computer numerical code FLUKA2008 was made.

THPS103	The Proton Engineering Frontier Project: Status and Prospect of Proton Beam Utilization	proton, linac, radiation, DTL	3675
	K. R. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, B.H. Choi, J-Y. Kim, K.Y. Kim, J. W. Park KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Republic of Korea. A 100-MeV, 20-mA high intensity proton linac is to be constructed in 2012 by the PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, which was started in 2002 with three main objectives; development of high intensity proton linac, development of proton beam utilization technologies, and industrialization of developed technologies. Proton beams with variable energy and current can be provided to the users from various research and application fields such as nano-, bio-, semiconductor-, space-, radiation-, environment-technologies and medical- and basic sciences, etc. through 10 targets rooms, which are assigned specific application fields to meet various user’s beam requirements. Following a brief introduction to the accelerator development, multiple beamline development and the construction works, we will review the achievements of our user program which have been operated over the past 8 years to cultivate and foster proton beam users and beam utilization technologies in diverse R&D fields. In addition, we will discuss the perspectives of the beam utilization in conjunction with design and construction of user facilities.

THPS104	Radio-activation Effect of Target Rooms for PEFP's 20~100 MeV Linear Accelerator	proton, radiation, neutron, simulation	3678
	S.J. Ra, M.H. Jung, K. R. Kim KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was conducted as a part of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project supported by the Ministry of Education Science & Technology of Korea Government. PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) has developed a 20~100 MeV/20 mA proton linear accelerator, proton beam utilization technology and accelerator applications, in order to acquire core technologies which are essential to develop future science and secure the industrial competitiveness. In the experimental hall, 10 target rooms will be constructed for the research of radioisotopes, material, medical, neutron source, etc. In the irradiation experiments using proton beam of more than a few MeV energy, radio-activation of targets and equipments can be essentially caused by the proton induced nuclear reactions. Highly radioactive samples occasionally makesome problems or inconveniences concerning with sample handling and post-treatment because we have to wait for the samples to be cooled down under the safe value for radiation protection. So we estimated proton beam irradiation condition of each target room and used samples including equipments, then we calculated radio-activation of each target room by using Monte Carlo N-particle Transport Code.

FRYAA01	Review of Hadron Therapy Accelerators Worldwide and Future Trends	ion, proton, hadron, synchrotron	3784
	K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	Hadron beams have attractive growing interest for cancer treatment owing to their high dose localization at the Bragg peak and owing to high biological effect there, especially for heavy-ion beams. Recently, therefore, hadron cancer radiotherapy has been successfully carried out at various facilities and several facility construction projects have also been progressing in the world, based on the development of the accelerator and beam-delivery technologies. This report will review the development of the accelerator and beam-delivery technologies in the hadron beam radiotherapy facilities in the world.

FRYBA01	The European Spallation Source	cavity, linac, proton, HOM	3789
	S. Peggs ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The principles of the design, and the technical and beam dynamics challenges of the ESS are presented, as well as possible future upgrade options.
	Slides FRYBA01 [5.122 MB]

FRYCA01	Towards a World Without Nuclear Weapons: How can Scientists Help?	controls, status, acceleration	3794
	J. Duncan UK Mission for Multilateral Arms Control & Disarmament, Cointrin, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty could eventually result in a significant reduction - or even complete elimination - of nuclear weapons. Technologies from the accelerator field, such as transmutation of weapon-grade uranium and plutonium, alternative techniques for nuclear power generation, detection of fissile material and verification, will be very important for this effort. The present trend in modern diplomacy is to form unconventional alliances to make progress on challenging issues. Could an alliance between diplomats and scientists help to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing and eventually eliminating nuclear weapons?

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MOPC010

Phase-Modulation SLED Operation Mode at Elettra

cavity, linac, LLRF, klystron

83

C. Serpico, P. Delgiusto, A. Fabris, F. Gelmetti, M.M. Milloch, A. Salom, D. Wang
ELETTRA, Basovizza, Italy

FERMI@Elettra is the soft X-ray, fourth generation light source facility at the Elettra Laboratory in Trieste, Italy. It is based on a seeded FEL, driven by a normal conducting linac that is presently expected to operate at 1.5 GeV. The last seven backward traveling wave structures have been equipped with a SLED system. Due to breakdown problems inside the sections, that was the result of high peak fields generated during conventional SLED operation, the sections experienced difficulties in reaching the desired gradients. To lower the peak field and make the compressed pulse “flatter”, phase-modulation of the SLED drive power will be implemented. A description of the phase modulation of the drive power and the results achieved will be reported in the following paper.

MOPC018

Operation Status of C-band High Gradient Accelerator for XFEL/SPring-8 (SACLA)

electron, accelerating-gradient, klystron, acceleration

104

T. Inagaki, C. Kondo, T. Ohshima, Y. Otake, T. Sakurai, K. Shirasawa
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
T. Shintake
RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo, Japan

XFEL project in SPring-8 have constructed a compact XFEL facility*. In order to shorten an accelerator length, a C-band (5712 MHz) accelerator was employed due to a higher accelerating gradient than that of an S-band accelerator. Since a C-band accelerating structure generates a gradient of higher than 35 MV/m, the total length of an 8 GeV accelerator fits within 400 m, including 64 C-band RF units, 4 S-band RF units, an injector and three bunch compressors. The accelerator components were carefully installed by September 2010. Then we have performed high power RF conditioning. After 500 hours of the conditioning, the accelerating gradient of each C-band structure was reached up to 35 MV/m without any particular problem. The RF breakdown rate is low enough for an accelerator operation. Since February 2011, we started the beam commissioning for XFEL. The C-band accelerator has accelerated the electron beam up to 8 GeV, with an accelerating gradient of 33-35 MV/m in average. The energy and the trajectory of the electron beam was stable, thanks to the stabilization of a klystron voltage of 350 kV within 0.01% by a high precision high voltage charger.
*The facility was recently named SACLA (SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser).

MOPC028

Beam Acceleration of DPIS RFQ at IMP

rfq, ion, laser, ion-source

128

Z.L. Zhang, X.H. Guo, Y. He, Y. Liu, S. Sha, A. Shi, L.P. Sun, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
R.A. Jameson, A. Schempp
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Beam test of the direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) is carried out successfully for the first time in China, by setting up a comprehensive test and research platform of RFQ and laser ion source. The C⁶⁺ beam is accelerated successfully, and the peak beam current reaches more than 6mA which is measured by a Faraday cup of unique structure. The RF power coupled into the RFQ cavity is also examined, and results reveal that it is the RF power of about 195kW that can produce the peak beam current.

MOPC105

Design of the High Beta Cryomodule for the HIE-ISOLDE Upgrade at CERN

vacuum, cavity, alignment, cryomodule

319

L.R. Williams, A.P. Bouzoud, N. Delruelle, J. Gayde, Y. Leclercq, M. Pasini, J.Ph. G. L. Tock, G. Vandoni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The major upgrade of the energy and intensity of the radioactive ion beams of the existing ISOLDE and REX-ISOLDE facilities at CERN will, in the long term, require downstream of the existing machine, the installation of four high-β and two low-β cryo-modules. The first stage of this upgrade, involving the design, construction, installation and commissioning of two high-β cryo-modules is approved and design work is underway at CERN. The high-β cryo-module houses five high-β superconducting cavities and one superconducting solenoid. As well as providing optimum conditions for physics, where the internal active components must remain aligned within tight tolerances, the cryo-modules need to function under stringent common vacuum and cryogenic conditions. To preserve the RF cavity performance their assembly and sub-system testing will need to be carried out using specifically designed tooling in a class 100 clean-room. We present the determining factors constraining the design of the high-β cryo-module together with the design choices that these factors have imposed.

MOPC113

Results of Cavity Series Fabrication at Jefferson Laboratory for the Cryomodule “R100”

cavity, cryomodule, HOM, damping

340

F. Marhauser, W.A. Clemens, M.A. Drury, D. Forehand, J. Henry, S. Manning, R.B. Overton, R.S. Williams
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
A series production of eight superconducting RF cavities for the cryomodule R100 was conducted at JLab in 2010. The cavities underwent chemical post-processing prior to vertical high power testing and routinely exceeded the envisaged performance specifications. After cryomodule assembly, cavities were successfully high power acceptance tested. In this paper, we present the achievements paving the way for the first demonstration of 100 MV (and beyond) in a single cryomodule to be operated at CEBAF.

MOPC115

JLab SRF Cavity Fabrication Errors, Consequences and Lessons Learned

cavity, cryomodule, SRF, niobium

346

F. Marhauser
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
Today, elliptical superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are preferably made from deep-drawn niobium sheets as pursued at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab). The fabrication of a cavity incorporates various cavity cell machining, trimming and electron beam welding (EBW) steps as well as surface chemistry that add to forming errors creating geometrical deviations of the cavity shape from its design. An analysis of in-house built cavities over the last years revealed significant errors in cavity production. Past fabrication flaws are described and lessons learned applied successfully to the most recent in-house series production of multi-cell cavities.

MOPO029

Validation of a Micrometric Remotely Controlled Pre-alignment System for the CLIC Linear Collider using a Test Setup (Mock-up) with 5 Degrees of Freedom

quadrupole, alignment, controls, feedback

544

H. Mainaud Durand, M. Anastasopoulos, J. Kemppinen, R. Leuxe, M. Sosin, S. griffet
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CLIC main beam quadrupoles need to be pre-aligned within 17μm rms with respect to a straight reference line along a sliding window of 200 m. A re-adjustment system based on eccentric cam movers, which will provide stiffness to the support assembly, is being studied. The cam movers were qualified on a 1 degree of freedom (DOF) test setup, where a repeatability of adjustment below 1 μm was measured along their whole range. This paper presents the 5 DOF mock-up, built for the validation of the eccentric cam movers, as well as the first results of tests carried out: resolution of displacement along the whole range, measurements of the support eigenfrequencies.

MOPO030

Theoretical and Practical Feasibility Demonstration of a Micrometric Remotely Controlled Pre-alignment System for the CLIC Linear Collider

alignment, linac, simulation, controls

547

H. Mainaud Durand, M. Anastasopoulos, N.C. Chritin, J. Kemppinen, M. Sosin, S. griffet
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T. Touzé
ENSTA, Brest, France

The active pre-alignment of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is one of the key points of the project: the components must be pre-aligned w.r.t. to a straight line within a few microns over a sliding window of 200 m, along the two linacs of 20 km each. The proposed solution consists of stretched wires of more than 200 m, overlapping over half of their length, which will be the reference of alignment. Wire Positioning Sensors (WPS), coupled to the supports to be pre-aligned, will perform precise and accurate measurements within a few microns, w.r.t. these wires. A micrometric fiducialisation of the components and a micrometric alignment of the components on common supports will make the strategy of pre-alignment complete. In this paper, the global strategy of active pre-alignment is detailed and illustrated by the latest results demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed solution.

MOPO035

Stability of the Floor Slab at Diamond Light Source

site, insertion, insertion-device, storage-ring

562

J. Kay, K.A.R. Baker, W.J. Hoffman
Diamond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
I.P.S. Martin
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

A Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS) has been installed at Diamond Light Source. 8 sensors have been positioned along a 60 metre portion of the floor of the Storage Ring and the Experimental Hall, stretching out along a typical beamline route from Insertion Device to sample. Results since June 2008 are presented comparing actual performance with the original specification as well as identifying movements associated with environmental factors.

MOPS015

40-80 MHz Muon Front-End for the Neutrino Factory Design Study

cavity, solenoid, factory, lattice

628

G. Prior, S.S. Gilardoni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.E. Alexandri
University of Patras, Rio, Greece

Funding: EU FP7 EUROnu WP3. CERN summer student programme.
To understand better the neutrino properties, machines able to produce an order of 10²¹ neutrinos per year have to be built. One of the proposed machine is called a neutrino factory. In this scenario, muons produced by the decay of pions coming from the interaction of a proton beam onto a target are accelerated to energies of several GeV and injected in a storage ring where they will decay in neutrinos. The so-called front-end section of the neutrino factory is conceived to reduce the transverse divergence of the muon beam and to adapt its temporal structure to the acceptance of the downstream accelerators to minimize losses. We present a re-evaluation of the muon front-end scenario which used 40-80 MHz radio-frequency cavities capturing one sign at a time in a single-bunch to bucket mode. The standard software environment of the International Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) has been used, for comparison of its performance with the IDS-NF baseline front-end design which operates with higher frequency (330-200 MHz) capturing in a train of alternated sign the muons bunches.

MOPS040

Intra-Bunch Energy Spread of Electrons in Powerful RF Linacs for Nuclear Physics Research*

linac, electron, HOM, simulation

691

V.V. Mytrochenko, M.I. Ayzatskiy, V.A. Kushnir, A. Opanasenko, S.A. Perezhogin, V.L. Uvarov
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

Funding: Ukrainian State program of fundamental and applied studies on the use of nuclear materials, nuclear and radiation technologies in the fields of economics (YaMRT project No. 826/35)
There are some particles in RF electron linacs with energy that may be significantly different from that of particles within a core of the bunch. Loss of these particles at average beam power of tens of kilowatts can cause radiation and thermal problems. Filtration of such particles during the initial stage of acceleration, at energies below the threshold of photonuclear reactions, is important. The paper analyzes several ways to perform such type of filtration in the injector part of a powerful electron linac using a RF chopper or magnetic systems.

MOPZ001

MuSIC, the World's Highest Intensity DC Muon Beam using a Pion Capture System

proton, solenoid, simulation, dipole

820

A. Sato, Y. Kuno, H. Sakamoto
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
S. Cook, R.T.P. D'Arcy
UCL, London, United Kingdom
M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
Y. Hino, N.H. Tran, N.M. Truong
Osaka University, Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan
Y. Mori
KURRI, Osaka, Japan
T. Ogitsu, A. Yamamoto, M.Y. Yoshida
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

MuSIC is a project to provide the world's highest-intensity muon beam with continuous time structure at Research Center of Nuclear Physics (RCNP) of Osaka University, Japan. A pion capture system using a superconducting solenoid magnet and a part of superconducting muon transport solenoid channel have been build in 2010. The highest muon production efficiency was demonstrated by the beam test carried out in February 2011. The result concludes that the MuSIC can provide more than 10⁹ muons/sec using a 400 W proton beam. The pion capture system is one of very important technologies for future muon programs such as muon to electron conversion searches, neutrino factories, and a muon collider. The MuSIC built the first pion capture system and demonstrate its potential to provide an intense muon beam. The construction on the entire beam channel of the MuSIC will be finished in five years. We plan to carry out not only an experiment to search the lepton flavor violating process but also other experiments for muon science and their applications using the intense muon beam at RCNP.

MOPZ002

MICE Beamline

dipole, emittance, solenoid, beam-losses

823

Y. Karadzhov
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland

The muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). The goal of the experiment is to build a section of a muon cooling channel that can demonstrate the principle of Ionization cooling over a range of emittances and momenta. The MICE beam line must generate several matched muon beams with different momenta and optical parameters at the entrance of the cooling channel. This is done exploiting a titanium target dipping into the ISIS proton beam, a 5T superconducting pion decay solenoid, two dipole magnets and a mechanism for inflation of the initial emittance called diffuser. First measurements of muon rates and beam emittance performed using two TOF hodoscopes detectors will be presented.

MOPZ008

Particle Production Simulations for the Neutrino Factory Target

proton, shielding, factory, simulation

835

J.J. Back
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
I. Efthymiopoulos, S.S. Gilardoni, O.M. Hansen, G. Prior
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H.G. Kirk, N. Souchlas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: EU FP7 EUROnu WP3
In the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF), a proton beam with a kinetic energy between 5 and 15 GeV interacts with a liquid mercury jet target in order to produce pions that will decay to muons, which in turn decay to neutrinos. The target is situated in a solenoidal field tapering from 20 T down to 1.5 T over a length of several metres, allowing for an optimised capture of pions in order to produce a useful muon beam for the machine. We present results of target particle production calculations using MARS, FLUKA and G4BEAMLINE simulation codes.

MOPZ012

The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory

factory, proton, cavity, storage-ring

847

J.K. Pozimski, A. Kurup, K.R. Long
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (the IDS-NF) has recently completed the Interim Design Report* (IDR) for the facility as a step on the way to the Reference Design Report (RDR). The IDR has two functions: it marks the point in the IDS-NF at which the emphasis turns to the engineering studies required to deliver the RDR and it documents the present baseline design for the facility which will provide 10²¹ muon decays per year from 25 GeV stored muon beams. The facility will serve two neutrino detectors; one situated at source-detector distance of between 3000–5000 km, the second at 7000–8000 km. The conceptual design of the accelerator facility will be described and its performance will be presented. The steps that the IDS-NF collaboration has taken since the IDR was finalized and plans to take to prepare the RDR will also be presented.
* IDS-NF-020: https://www.ids-nf.org/wiki/FrontPage/Documentation?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IDS-NF-020-v1.0.pdf
Submitted on behalf of the IDS-NF collaboration

MOPZ024

Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment: Controls and Monitoring

EPICS, controls, emittance, monitoring

856

P.M. Hanlet
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
C.N. Booth
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Funding: NSF PHY0842798
The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is a demonstration experiment to prove the viability of cooling a beam of muons for use in a Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider. The MICE cooling channel is a section of a modified Study II cooling channel which will provide a 10% reduction in beam emittance. In order to ensure a reliable measurement, we intend to measure the beam emittance before and after the cooling channel at the level of 1%, or an absolute measurement of 0.001. This renders MICE as a precision experiment which requires strict controls and monitoring of all experimental parameters in order to control systematic errors. The MICE Controls and Monitoring system is based on EPICS and integrates with the DAQ and Data monitoring systems. A description of this system, its implementation, and performance during recent muon beam data collection will be discussed.
For the MICE collaboration.

MOPZ029

Aperture Windows in High-Gradient Cavities for Accelerating Low-Energy Muons

cavity, linac, septum, vacuum

862

S.S. Kurennoy, A.J. Jason, W.M. Tuzel
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

A high-gradient linear accelerator for accelerating low-energy muons and pions in a strong solenoidal magnetic field has been proposed for homeland defense and industrial applications*. The acceleration starts immediately after collection of pions from a target in a solenoidal magnetic field and brings muons to a kinetic energy of about 200 MeV over a distance of the order of 10 m. At this energy, both ionization cooling of the muon beam and its further acceleration become feasible. A normal-conducting linac with external-solenoid focusing can provide the required large beam acceptances. The linac consists of independently fed zero-mode (TM010) RF cavities with wide beam apertures closed by thin conducting windows. The high gradients lead to significant heat deposition on the aperture windows. Here we explore options for the edge-cooled thin windows in the zero-mode cavities. Electromagnetic and thermal-stress computations are complemented by thermal-test experiments to select the best solution for the aperture windows.
* S.S. Kurennoy, A.J. Jason, H. Miyadera, “Large-Acceptance Linac for Accelerating Low-Energy Muons,” Proc. of IPAC10, p. 3518 (2010).

MOPZ035

MICE Muon Beamline Particle Rate and Related Beam Loss in the ISIS Synchrotron

beam-losses, proton, synchrotron, solenoid

874

A.J. Dobbs
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
D. Adey
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
L. Coney
UCR, Riverside, California, USA

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will provide a proof of principle of ionization cooling, reduction of muon beam phase space, which will be needed at a future Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider. The MICE muon beam is generated by the decay of pions produced by dipping a cylindrical titanium target into the proton beam of the 800 MeV ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. Studies of the particle rate in the MICE beamline and correlations with induced beam loss in ISIS are described, including the most recent data taken in the summer of 2010, representing some of the highest loss and rate conditions achieved to date. Ideally, a high rate of muons in the MICE beamline is desired, in order to facilitate the cooling measurement. However, impact on the host accelerator equipment must also be minimized. The implications of the observed beam loss and particle rate levels for MICE and ISIS are discussed.

MOPZ037

Extension of the 3-spectrometer Beam Transport Line for the KAOS Spectrometer at MAMI and Recent Status of MAMI

dipole, electron, beam-transport, status

880

R.G. Heine, M. Dehn, K.-H. Kaiser, H.-J. Kreidel, U.L. Ludwig-Mertin
IKP, Mainz, Germany

Funding: Work supported by DFG (CRC443) and the German Federal State of Rhineland-Palatinate
The institute for nuclear physics (KPH) at Mainz University is operating a 1.6 GeV c.w. microtron cascade (MAMI) for nuclear physics research. One of the vast experimental activities is electron scattering. A 3-spectrometer setup is used for cross-section measurements of hadron knock-out and meson production. The KAOS spectrometer magnet of GSI is installed there in parallel to detect particles from (e,e'K)reactions under small forward angles. So the primary electron beam has to transit the spectrometer and after this it has to hit the existing beam dump. Because of the existing experimental setup, this must be realised by deflecting the beam before the target that is rotated to be in line with the KAOS spectrometer's inlet. This paper will deal with the basic concept of a flexible beam transport line (BTL) magnet chicane for different KAOS forward angles, while keeping the forward beam direction for the 3-spectrometer setup untouched. A survey concept for assembly and adjustment of the BTL will be introduced, that is also useful for future adjustments of the target mount after target change. Results of the BTL commissioning and a general MAMI status will be presented as well.

TUOAA01

The EUROnu Project: A High Intensity Neutrino Oscillation Facility in Europe

factory, proton, linac, acceleration

894

T.R. Edgecock
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
E.H.M. Wildner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

EUROnu is a European Commission funded FP7 Design Study investigating three possible options for a future high intensity neutrino oscillation facility in Europe. These options are a CERN to Frejus Super-Beam, a Neutrino Factory and a Beta Beam. The aims of the project are to undertake the crucial R&D on each of the accelerator facilities and determine their performance and relative cost, including the baseline detectors for each facility. A comparison will then be made and the results reported to the CERN Council as part of the CERN Strategy Review.

Slides TUOAA01 [7.638 MB]

TUYB03

CLIC Conceptual Design and CTF3 Results

linac, emittance, damping, luminosity

961

D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

An international collaboration is carrying out an extensive R&D programme to prepare CLIC, a multi-TeV electron-positron collider. In this concept, the colliding beams will be accelerated in very high gradient normal conducting 12 GHz accelerating structures. The necessary RF power is extracted from a high-current, low-energy drive beam that runs parallel to the colliding beams and is generated in a central complex. This year the collaboration will produce a conceptual design report to establish the feasibility of the technology. The CLIC concept will be introduced and the status of key studies of critical issues will be reviewed. A focus will be on the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3), which is a test facility to produce and use high current a drive beam.

Slides TUYB03 [13.204 MB]

TUPC005

Evolution of Pressure in Positron Source for Future Linear e⁺e⁻ Collider

photon, positron, collider, linear-collider

994

O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
A.F. Hartin, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, S. Riemann, A. Ushakov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Schälicke, F. Staufenbiel
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Management", contract number 05H10GUE
Energy deposition in the conversion targets of positron sources for future linear colliders induces an immense thermal load and create pressure waves in the material. This stress could substantially reduce the lifetime of the target or other target materials impinged by the incident intense photon or electron beam. We have studied the evolution of acoustic pressure waves in target materials based on the parameter assumptions for the International Linear Collider (ILC) baseline source. The fluid model is employed by taking into account the target and the incident photon beam parameters. Initial results of these new simulations are presented and compared with earlier studies. Prospects for further studies are outlined.

TUPC006

Production of Highly Polarized Positron Beams*

polarization, undulator, positron, photon

997

A. Ushakov, O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva, G.A. Moortgat-Pick
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
A.F. Hartin
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
S. Riemann, A. Schälicke, F. Staufenbiel
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Management", contract number 05H10GUE
Using of polarized electron and positron beams significantly increases the physics potential of future linear colliders. The generation of an intense and highly polarized positron beam is a challenge. The undulator-based positron source located at the end of electron linac is the baseline source for the International Linear Collider. In case of a 250 GeV drive beam energy, an helical undulator with K = 0.92, an undulator period of 11.5 mm and a titanium alloy target of 0.4 radiation length thickness, the average polarization of the generated positrons is relatively low (about 22 percent). In this contribution, the possibilities of increasing the positron polarization have been considered by adjusting the undulator field and selecting those photons and positrons that yield a highly polarized beam. The detailed simulations have been performed with our developed Geant4-based application PPS-Sim*.
* http://pps-sim.desy.de

TUPC034

Design Studies on 100 MeV/100 kW Electron Linac for NSC KIPT Neutron Source on the Base of Subcritical Assembly Driven by Linac

linac, electron, emittance, gun

1075

Y.L. Chi, J. Cao, X.W. Dai, C.D. Deng, M. Hou, X.C. Kong, R.L. Liu, W.B. Liu, C. Ma, G. Pei, H. Song, S.H. Wang, G. Xu, J. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou
IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
M.I. Ayzatskiy, I.M. Karnaukhov, V.A. Kushnir, V.V. Mytrochenko, A.Y. Zelinsky
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
S. Pei
IHEP Beijng, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine, a neutron source on the base of subcritical assembly driven by 100 MeV/100 kW electron linear accelerator is under design and development. To provide neutron flux value of about 1013 neutron/s the electron linear accelerator with 100 MeV beam and average beam power of 100 kW will be used. Construction and manufacture of the linear accelerator of such high beam intensity with low emittance and beam losses is a challenging task. In the report the project of the electron linear accelerator of the required beam energy and intensity is described. The accelerator structure and main technical solutions are presented. To overcome the BBU effect of this high average beam current, several effective measures are adopt, such as using constant gradient structure to spread the HOMs frequencies different cells, larger inner radius and shorter section length make the higher group velocity and optimize the structure geometry to keep the shunt impedance as good as possible. After the beam bunching system, a chicane is followed to chopper the beam to avoid the beam lost in the higher energy part.

TUPC039

Proposals for Electron Beam Transportation Channel to Provide Homogeneous Beam Density Distribution at a Target Surface

electron, neutron, quadrupole, beam-losses

1084

A.Y. Zelinsky, I.M. Karnaukhov
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
W.B. Liu
IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China

NSC KIPT neutron source will use 64x64 mm rectangular tungsten or uranium target. To generate maximum neutron flux, prevent overheating of the target and reduce thermal stress one should provide homogeneous electron beam distribution at the target surface. In the facility transportation channel three different possibilities of electron beam density redistribution along the target surface can be realized. It can be the fast beam scanning with two dimensional scanning magnets; the method of uniform beam distribution formation with linear focusing elements (dipole and quadrupole magnets) and nonlinear focusing elements (octupole magnets), when final required rectangular beam shape with homogeneous beam density is formed at target; and combined method, when one forms the small rectangular beam with homogeneous beam density distribution and scan it over the target surface with scanning magnets. In the report the all tree methods are considered and discussed considering the layout of the NSC KIPT transportation channel. Calculation results show that the proposed transportation channel lattice can provide uniform beam of rectangular shape with sizes 64x64 mm without target overheating.

TUPC078

The Impact of the Duty Cycle on Gamma-particle Coincidence Measurements

background, ion, extraction, heavy-ion

1183

P.R. John, J. Leske, N. Pietralla
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Supported by BMBF under 06DA9041I
Radioactive ion beam facilities deliver a great variety of different nuclei and thus open new possibilities for gamma-ray spectroscopy with radioactive isotopes. One of the challenges for the experimentalist is the high gamma background. To obtain nearly background-free spectra a gamma-particle coincidence measurement in inverse kinematics is well suited. Also for stable beams this method offers a lot of advantages. A crucial point for experimentalists for such kind of experiments is the duty cycle and the beam structure of the accelerator. For a typical set-up, the effect of the duty cycle and beam structure, e.g. resulting from different ion-sources, on data acquisition and thus the experiment will be shown from the experimentalist's point of view. The results will be discussed for selected accelerators, i.e. UNILAC (GSI, Germany), REX-ISOLDE (CERN, Switzerland) and ATLAS (ANL, USA).

TUPC084

Performance of the Scintillation Profile Monitor in the COSY Synchrotron

vacuum, synchrotron, proton, electron

1201

V. Kamerdzhiev, J. Dietrich, K. Reimers
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Residual gas scintillation is used for measuring profile of the proton beam circulating in the COSY synchrotron. The problem of low rate of scintillation events detected by a multichannel photomultiplier is coped with by injecting small amounts of pure nitrogen into the SPM vacuum chamber. This leads to a temporary local pressure bump of no more than an order of magnitude. A commercially available piezo-electric dosing valve allows good control over the amplitude and duration of the pressure bump. Since the average pressure in the machine is hardly changed, the method is fully compatible with experiment operation. This approach offers a robust and inexpensive way to measure the beam profile. The design of the SPM is discussed. The latest measurement results and comparison to the ionization profile monitor data is presented.

TUPC127

Optical Transition Radiation System for ATF2

emittance, coupling, simulation, radiation

1317

J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, C. Blanch Gutierrez, A. Faus-Golfe, J.J. García-Garrigós
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
J. Cruz, D.J. McCormick, G.R. White, M. Woodley
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Funding Agency: FPA2010-21456-C02-01 Work supported in part by Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515
In this paper we present the first measurements performed during the fall 2010 and early 2011 runs. Software development, simulations and hardware improvements to the Multi-Optical Transition Radiation System installed in the beam diagnostic section of the Extraction (EXT) line of ATF2 are described. 2D emittance measurements have been performed and the system is being routinely used for coupling correction. Realistic beam simulations have been made and compared with the measurements. A 4D emittance procedure, yet to be implemented, is also discussed. A demagnifier lens system to improve the beam finding procedure has been designed and will be implemented in a future run. Finally, we discuss further verification work planned for the next run period of ATF.

TUPC162

Thin Foil-based Secondary Emission Monitor for Low Intensity, Low Energy Beam Profile Measurements

antiproton, electron, proton, ion

1413

J. Harasimowicz, J.-L. Fernández-Hernando, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
L. Cosentino, P. Finocchiaro, A. Pappalardo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
J. Harasimowicz
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by STFC, the EU under GA-ITN-215080, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under VH-NG-328.
A secondary emission monitor (SEM) was developed for beam profile measurements at the Ultra-low energy Storage Ring (USR) that will be installed at the future Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany. The detector consists of an Aluminium foil on negative potential, a grounded mesh placed in front of the foil, a chevron type microchannel plate (MCP), a phosphor screen and a camera connected to a PC. Simulations of the optimized design together with experimental results with keV protons are presented in this contribution. In addition, the usability of the detector for low energy antiproton beam profile measurements is discussed.

TUPO012

Stable Planner Type Four-mirror Cavity Development for X-ray Production as Basic Development of Quantum Beam Technology Program

laser, cavity, injection, superconducting-RF

1470

H. Shimizu, Y. Higashi, Y. Honda, J. Urakawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

As the development of quantum beam technology program, a facility to produce a semi-monochromatic X-ray via inverse Compton scattering with an electron beam accelerated by a superconducting RF cavity and a fiber amplified high power laser stacked in an external optical cavity system are now under construction. To achieve high brightness of Compton X-ray, we introduced a chicane with about a 1m-long zero dispersion straight section that includes IP. Head on collision scheme improves the yield of X-ray, but to do so, a huge and stout external optical cavity system must be needed. According to this demand, we develop a quite tolerable planner type four-mirror cavity with movable mirror mount system. In this paper, results obtained by the cavity construction and also laser development activities are described.

TUPS048

Equipment and Techniques for the Replacement of the ISIS Proton Beam to Target Window

shielding, radiation, proton, neutron

1638

S.D. Gallimore, S.J.S. Jago
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source has been in operation at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for over 25 years. Much of the original equipment installed during the construction of the facility is still in operation. The window separating the proton beam transfer line from the neutron target is a key component in the accelerator complex. During the operational life of the Beam Entry Window it has absorbed a considerable amount of energy deposited from the proton beam as it passes from the accelerator vacuum to the target area. Due to the difficulties in accessing and handling the window assembly, a decision was made to replace this component in a planned maintenance period. This paper describes the specialist remote handling equipment and techniques that were developed during the 3 year build up to the removal and replacement of the of the highly active Beam Entry Window.

TUPS050

Target Optimisation Studies for MuSR Applications

proton, simulation, beam-losses, neutron

1641

A. Bungau, C. Bungau, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
P.J.C. King, J.S. Lord
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Considering the ISIS muon target as a reference, Geant4 simulations have been performed to optimise the target parameters with respect to muon and pion yield. Previous studies suggested that the muon production can be optimised by using a thin graphite slab target with an incident proton energy significantly lower than initially considered. The current paper discusses a possible target design fully optimised for MuSR studies.

TUPS051

Design and Performance of the MICE Target*

controls, acceleration, extraction, vacuum

1644

C.N. Booth, P. Hodgson, E. Overton, M. Robinson, P.J. Smith
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
G.J. Barber, K.R. Long
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
E.G. Capocci, J.S. Tarrant
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
B.J.A. Shepherd
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: UK Science and Technology Facilities Council
The MICE experiment uses a beam of low energy muons to study ionisation cooling. This beam is derived parasitically from the ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A mechanical drive has been developed which rapidly inserts a small titanium target into the beam after acceleration and before extraction, with minimal disturbance to the circulating protons. One mechanism has operated in ISIS for over half a million pulses, and its performance will be summarised. Upgrades to this design have been tested in parallel with MICE operation; the improvements in performance and reliability will be presented, together with a discussion of further future enhancements.

TUPS052

An FPGA Based Controller for the MICE Target

controls, injection, extraction, EPICS

1647

P.J. Smith, C.N. Booth, P. Hodgson, E. Overton, M. Robinson
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
J. Leaver, K.R. Long
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Funding: UK Science and Technology Facilities Council
The MICE experiment uses a beam of low energy muons to test the feasibility of ionization cooling. This beam is derived parasitically from the ISIS accelerator at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A target mechanism has been developed that rapidly inserts a small titanium target into the circulating proton beam immediately prior to extraction without unduly disturbing the primary ISIS beam. The original control electronics for the MICE target was based upon an 8-bit PIC. Although this system was fully functional it did not provide the necessary IO to permit full integration of the target electronics onto the MICE EPICS system. A three phase program was established to migrate both the target control and DAQ electronics from the original prototype onto a fully integrated FPGA system that is capable of interfacing with EPICS through a local PC. This paper discusses this upgrade program, the motivation behind it and the performance of the upgraded target controller.

TUPS053

A Target Magnet System for a Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory

shielding, radiation, factory, collider

1650

H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
The target system envisioned for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory includes a 20-T solenoid field surrounding a mercury jet target with the field tapering to 1.5 T 15 m downstream of the target. A principal challenge is to shield the superconducting magnets from the radiation issuing from the 4-MW proton beam impacting the target. We describe a solution which will deliver the desired field while being capable of tolerating the intense radiation environment surrounding the target.

TUPS054

Beam-power Deposition in a 4-MW Target Station for a Muon Collider or a Neutrino Factory

proton, solenoid, factory, simulation

1653

H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
J.J. Back
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
We present the results of power deposition in various components of the baseline target station of a Muon Collider or a Neutrino Factory driven by a 4-MW proton beam.

TUPS058

HiRadMat: A New Irradiation Facility for Material Testing at CERN

proton, ion, vacuum, radiation

1665

I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Evrard, H. Gaillard, D. Grenier, C. Heßler, M. Meddahi, A. Pardons, C. Theis, P. Trilhe, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
N. Charitonidis
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a new facility under construction at CERN designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies can be tested. The facility uses a 440 GeV proton beam extracted from the CERN SPS with a pulse length of 7.2 μs, to a maximum pulse energy of 3.4 MJ. In addition to protons, ion beams with an energy of 173.5 GeV/nucleon and a total pulse energy of 21 kJ can be used. The facility is expected to become operational in autumn 2011. The first tests will include candidate materials and prototype assemblies of LHC collimators foreseen to operate at the ultimate LHC beam powers. Experiments on beam windows and high-power target material options, such as tungsten powder, are also planned. The paper will describe the layout and design parameters for the facility and the way experiments can be operated. Ideas on online and post-irradiation tests and instrumentation will be outlined.

TUPS059

SPS WANF Dismantling: A Large Scale-Decommissioning Project at CERN

radiation, shielding, feedback, ion

1668

S. Evrard, Y. Algoet, N. Conan, D. DePaoli, I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Fumey, H. Gaillard, J.L. Grenard, D. Grenier, A. Pardons, E. Paulat, Y.D.R. Seraphin, M. Tavlet, C. Theis, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The operation of the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) West Area Neutrino Facility (WANF) was halted in 1998. In 2010 a large scale-decommissioning of this facility was conducted. Besides CERN’s commitment to remove non-operational facilities, the additional motivation was the use of the installation (underground tunnels and available infrastructure) for the new HiRadMat facility, which is designed to study the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams on accelerator components and materials. The removal of 800 tons of radioactive equipment and the waste management according to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles were two major challenges. This paper describes the solutions implemented and the lessons learnt confirming that the decommissioning phase of a particle accelerator must be carefully studied as from the design stage.

TUPS070

An Experiment at HiRadMat: Irradiation of High-Z Materials

simulation, proton, collider, ion

1698

J. Blanco, C. Maglioni, R. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
N.A. Tahir
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Calculations of the impact of dense high intensity proton beams at SPS and LHC into material have been presented in several papers*,**,***. This paper presents the plans for an experiment to validate the theoretical results with experimental data. The experiment will be performed at the High Radiation to Materials (HiRadMat) facility at the CERN-SPS. The HiRadMat facility is dedicated to shock beam impact experiments. It allows testing of accelerator components with respect to the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams. It will provide a 440 GeV proton beam with a focal size down to 0.1 mm, thus providing very dense beam (energy/cross section). The transversal profile of the beam is considered to be Gaussian with a tunable σ from 0.1 mm to 2 mm. This facility will allow to study “high energy density” physics as the energy density will be high enough to create strong coupled plasma in the core of high-Z materials (copper, tungsten) and to produce strong enough shock waves to create a density depletion channel along the beam axis (tunneling effect). The paper introduces the layout of the experiment and the monitoring system to detect tunneling of protons through the target.
* N.A.Tahir et al. HB2010 Proc., Morschach, Switzerland.
** N.A.Tahir et al. NIMA 606(1-2) 2009 186.
*** N.A.Tahir et al. 11th EPAC, Genoa, Italy, 2008, WEPP073.

TUPS076

The Specification Process for the Large Scale Accelerator Project FAIR

alignment, survey, antiproton, controls

1713

U. Weinrich
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The project FAIR is a large scale international accelerator facility with a high complexity within the accelerator complex. The project is owned by the recently founded FAIR GmbH while the physical-technical layout of the accelerator part of the facility is under the responsibility of GSI. This is the so-called two company model. Most of the accelerator subsystems and components are foreseen to be delivered In-Kind by accelerator institutes from Europe and Asia. In addition direct procurement is foreseen for those components not covered by in-kind-contributions or being very critical in time. Furthermore procurement has already started of components covered by special agreements and funding.

TUPS079

Construction of a Novel Compact High Voltage Electrostatic Accelerator

high-voltage, vacuum, ion, ion-source

1722

P. Beasley, O. Heid
Siemens AG, Healthcare Technology and Concepts, Erlangen, Germany

A compact demonstrator system based on a Cockcroft-Walton (or Greinacher) cascade has been successfully built and tested. The concept has been developed using modern materials and a different design philosophy, which in turn can then enable this novel configuration to operate at much higher voltage gradients. This paper explores the progress made over the past 18 months and future plans to utilise the technology to develop one such concept for an energy efficient 10MV, 100μA, tandem proton accelerator, with a <2m2 footprint. The development of such a compact high voltage particle accelerator, with high current capability has the potential to access a wide range of commercial opportunities outside the laboratory.

TUPS082

The LEBT Chopper for the Spiral 2 Project

controls, ion, vacuum, high-voltage

1731

A.C. Caruso, F. Consoli, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Di Giacomo
GANIL, Caen, France
A. Longhitano
ALTEK, San Gregorio (CATANIA), Italy

The Spiral 2 driver uses a slow chopper situated in the common section of the low energy beam transport line to change the beam intensity, to cut off the beam in case of critical loss and to avoid hitting the wheel structure of rotating targets. The device has to work up to 10 kV, 1 kHz repetition frequency rate and its design is based on standard power circuits, custom alarm board and vacuum feed-through. The paper summarizes the design principles and describes the test results of the final device which has been installed on the beam line test bench.

TUPS087

Development of Permanent Magnet Focusing for Klystrons

klystron, permanent-magnet, cathode, focusing

1743

Y. Iwashita
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
S. Fukuda, T. Matsumoto, S. Michizono, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: KEK
Applying permanent magnet technology to beam focusing in klystrons can reduce their power consumption and reliability. These features benefit variety of applications especially for large facilities that use number of klystrons such as ILC. A half scaled model will be available in summer and full model should be available in September. Research and Development status will be reported.

TUPS088

Charge Stripping of Uranium-238 Ion Beam with Low-Z Gas Stripper

cyclotron, ion, vacuum, acceleration

1746

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, H. Okuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

One of the primary goals of the RIKEN RI beam factory is to generate unprecedented high-power uranium beams (up to tens kW), which yield an enormous breakthrough for exploring new domains of the nuclear chart. The development of reliable and efficient charge stripping scheme for such high-power beams is a key unsolved issue, affecting the overall performance of the heavy ion accelerations. A charge stripper using low-Z (low atomic number Z) gas is an important candidate. Because of the suppression of the electron capture process, the high equilibrium mean charge states for the low-Z gas stripper are expected in conjunction with the intrinsic robustness of the gas. There was, however, no direct experimental data of the charge evolution, because of the difficulty in making massive windowless low-Z gas targets. In the present work, the charge evolution of the 238U beams injected at 10.75 MeV/u were investigated using thick hydrogen and helium gas strippers with huge differential pumping system newly developed. In the energy region of interest, near 10 MeV/u, achievable mean charge states around 65+ with the low-Z gas strippers are far superior to those of the medium-Z ones around 55+.

TUPS102

Design of an FPGA-based Radiation Tolerant Agent for WorldFIP Fieldbus

radiation, controls, simulation, status

1780

G. Penacoba Fernandez, P. Alvarez, E. Gousiou, S.T. Page, J.P. Palluel, J. Serrano, E. Van der Bij
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN makes extensive use of the WorldFIP field-bus interface in the LHC and other accelerators in the pre-injectors chain. Following the decision of the provider of the components to stop the developments in this field and foreseeing the potential problems in the subsequent support, CERN decided to purchase the design information of these components and in-source the future developments using this technology. The first in-house design concerns a replacement for the MicroFIP chip whose last version was manufactured in an IC feature size found to be more vulnerable to radiation of high energy particles than the previous versions. NanoFIP is a CERN design based on a Flash FPGA implementing a subset of the functionality allowed by the communication standard, fitting the requirements of the different users and including the robustness against radiation as a design constraint. The development presented involved several groups at CERN working together in the framework of the Open Hardware Repository collaboration, and aiming at maximizing the interoperability and reliability of the final product.

TUPZ025

Experience with Offset Collisions in the LHC

luminosity, emittance, beam-losses, controls

1858

G. Papotti, R. Alemany-Fernandez, F. Follin, R. Giachino, W. Herr, T. Pieloni, M. Schaumann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Calaga, R. Miyamoto
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

To keep the luminosity under control, some experiments require the adjustment of the luminosity during a fill, so-called luminosity leveling. One option is the separate the beams transversely and adjust the separation to the desired collision rate. The results from controlled experiments are reported and interpreted. The feasibility of this method for ultimate luminosities is discussed.

WEOAA02

Performance of 2 MeV, 2 kA, 200 ns Linear Induction Accelerator with Ultra Low Beam Emittance for X-Ray Flash Radiography

electron, focusing, cathode, induction

1906

P.V. Logachev, A. Akimov, P.A. Bak, M.A. Batazova, A.M. Batrakov, Y.M. Boimelshtain, D. Bolkhovityanov, A.A. Eliseev, F.A. Emanov, G.A. Fatkin, A.A. Korepanov, Ya.V. Kulenko, G.I. Kuznetsov, I.V. Nikolaev, A.V. Ottmar, A.A. Pachkov, A. Panov, O.A. Pavlov, D.A. Starostenko
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The minestry of education and science of Russian Federation R&D contracts:P2493 and 14.740.11.0160
LIA-2 linear induction accelerator is designed in Budker INP as an injector for full scale 20 MeV linear induction accelerator which can be used for X-ray flash radiography with high space resolution. This machine utilizes ultra high vacuum, precise beam optics design based on low temperature dispenser cathode of 190 mm in diameter. The results of LIA-2 commissioning are presented. The designed value of beam emittance (120 π mm•mrad, not normalized) is achieved at 2 MeV and 2 kA of electron beam energy and current.

Slides WEOAA02 [7.094 MB]

WEYA01

Progress of the SPIRAL2 Project

ion, ion-source, neutron, rfq

1912

E. Petit
GANIL, Caen, France

The progress of the SPIRAL2 project, the R&D and tests of the key components should be reviewed together with the main challenges for the beam production.

Slides WEYA01 [9.313 MB]

WEOBA01

ARIEL: TRIUMF’s Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory

TRIUMF, electron, ISAC, proton

1917

L. Merminga, F. Ames, R.A. Baartman, C.D. Beard, P.G. Bricault, I.V. Bylinskii, Y.-C. Chao, R.J. Dawson, D. Kaltchev, S.R. Koscielniak, R.E. Laxdal, F. Mammarella, M. Marchetto, G. Minor, A.K. Mitra, Y.-N. Rao, M. Trinczek, A. Trudel, V.A. Verzilov, V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

TRIUMF has recently embarked on the construction of ARIEL, the Advanced Rare Isotope Laboratory, with the goal to significantly expand the Rare Isotope Beam (RIB) program for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Nuclear Medicine and Materials Science. ARIEL will use proton-induced spallation and electron-driven photo-fission of ISOL targets for the production of short-lived rare isotopes that are delivered to experiments at the existing ISAC facility. Combined with ISAC, ARIEL will support delivery of three simultaneous RIBs, up to two accelerated, new beam species and increased beam development capabilities. The ARIEL complex comprises a new SRF 50 MeV 10 mA CW electron linac photo-fission driver and beamline to the targets; one new proton beamline from the 500 MeV cyclotron to the targets; two new high power target stations; mass separators and ion transport to the ISAC-I and ISAC-II accelerator complexes; a new building to house the target stations, remote handling, chemistry labs, front-end and a tunnel for the proton and electron beamlines. This report will include overview of ARIEL, its technical challenges and solutions identified, and status of design activities.

Slides WEOBA01 [3.676 MB]

WEIB02

Towards Developing Accelerators in Half the Time

feedback, controls, alignment, background

1978

D.G. Reinertsen
Reinertsen & Associates, Redondo Beach, California, USA

The talk challenges conventional wisdom about how to improve product development processes and broadens the concept of product development cycle time reduction techniques. It provides some original ideas; it discusses approaches to managing product architecture that are well suited for rapid development and how the engineering concepts of system architecture, queuing theory, feedback theory, and information theory can be applied to manage the product development management.

Slides WEIB02 [0.159 MB]

WEIB05

Collaborative R&D in the Industry of Science

neutron, instrumentation, electron, cyclotron

1991

C. Oyon
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Successful collaborative efforts involve committed partners that have established comforting level of trust. When industry and research laboratories establish such collaborations they create unique ecosystems that have potential to deliver creative solutions. Many times, however, those collaborations face unexpected legal and administrative limitations. The aim of this talk is to identify key limitations and suggest potential solutions that can streamline collaborative projects.

Slides WEIB05 [6.937 MB]

WEPC011

Ion Optical Design of the Low Energy Ion Beam Facility at IUAC

ion, optics, ECR, quadrupole

2025

A. Mandal, D. Kanjilal, S. Kumar, G. Rodrigues
IUAC, New Delhi, India

A Low Energy Ion Beam Facility (LEIBF) using fully permanent magnet ECR ion source (Nanogan) has been installed at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi for fundamental research on Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Material Science. The accelerator consists of an ECR ion source, 400 kV accelerating column and an analyzing-cum switching magnet with three beam ports at 75, 90 and 10⁵ degrees. The complete ion optics from ECR ion source to the target has been simulated using TRANSPORT* and GICOSY** ion optics codes. The ions from the ECR source are typically extracted at 15 kV which are further accelerated by 400 kV accelerating column. The analyzing cum switching magnet has been designed to analyze different beams and to switch in a particular beam line. It is a H shaped dipole magnet having pole gap of 65 mm, maximum magnetic field of 1.5 T and radius of 529 mm for 90 degree bend. The entrance and exit edge angles for three beam lines have been optimized to obtain double focus in all beam lines. The beam is further transported to target locations using electrostatic quadrupole triplet. The details of ion optics will be presented in the paper.
* K.L. Brown, D.C. Carey, Ch. Iselin and F. Rothacker: Transport, See yellow reports CERN 73-16 (1973) & CERN 80-04 (1980).
** H.Weick, GICOSY homepage, http://www-linux.gsi.de/~weick/gicosy/.

WEPC021

Optical Design of the Proton Beam Lines for the Neutron Research Complex INR RAS and Medical Application

proton, neutron, linac, beam-losses

2049

M.I. Grachev, E.V. Ponomareva
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The optical design for the layout of the beam lines for the neutron research complex INR RAS and medical application on the basis of the Linear accelerator are presented here. The proposed schemes have been realized at the INR RAS. The necessary size and shape of the proton beam at the location of the neutron target are obtained. Methods and results for the tuning of the high current beams are presented in this paper.

WEPC034

High-level Application Programs for the TPS Commissioning and Operation at NSRRC

quadrupole, controls, storage-ring, EPICS

2079

F.H. Tseng, H.-P. Chang, C.C. Chiang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

For the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) commissioning and operation we have developed more MATLAB-based application programs and tested them on the Taiwan Light Source (TLS). These additional applications built with the MATLAB Middle Layer (MML) include beta function measurement, dispersion function measurement, chromaticity measurement, chromaticity correction, and tune control. In this paper, we will illustrate what algorithms we use in these applications and show the test results. Especially, in order to get the first beam in the TPS commissioning, we adopt the RESOLVE algorithm for the beam steering and it has been built successfully in UNIX-like systems such as Mac OSX and different Linux versions. It can provide us some exercises of error finding and correction before the TPS commissioning in 2013.

WEPC044

Minimizing Beam Motion in a Long-pulse Linear Induction Accelerator

induction, injection, kicker, focusing

2109

C. Ekdahl, E.O. Abeyta, J.B. Johnson, K. Nielsen, M.E. Schulze
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
T.P. Hughes, C.H. Thoma
Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
C.-Y. Tom
NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the US National Nuclear Security Agency and the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
The Dual Axis Radiography for Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) Facility at Los Alamos uses two linear induction accelerators (LIAs) for flash radiography of explosively driven experiments from orthogonal viewpoints. The DARHT Axis-II long-pulse 1.8-kA, 16.5-MeV LIA is unique. It has a beam pulse with a 1600-ns flattop during which the kinetic energy varies < 2%. During this flattop, a kicker cleaves out four short micro-pulses, which are focused onto a high-Z target and converted to bremsstrahlung for multi-pulse flash radiography of the experiments. Asymmetric injection of the beam into the solenoidal focusing field, small temporal variations in accelerating potentials, and slight cell misalignments cause the beam position to wander during the flattop. This is undesirable for radiography, because it causes a displacement of the four radiographic source spots. Since the specific energy deposition from each micro-pulse can vaporize target material, succeeding pulses impact an asymmetric object causing a distortion of the source spot. This presentation will review the physics of the beam motion and the tuning procedures we have optimized to minimize the number of shots required.

WEPC045

Transverse Emittance Reduction with Tapered Foil

emittance, scattering, electron, simulation

2112

Y. Jiao, Y. Cai, A. Chao
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
The idea of reducing transverse emittance with tapered energy-loss foil is proposed by J.M. Peterson in 1980s and recently by B. Carlsten. In present paper, we present the physical model of tapered energy-loss foil and analyze the emittance reduction using the concept of eigen emittance. The study shows that, to reduce transverse emittance, one should collimate at least 4% of particles which has either much low energy or large transverse divergence. The multiple coulomb scattering is not trivial, leading to a limited emittance reduction ratio.

WEPC064

Long Term Beam Dynamics in Ultra-Low Energy Storage Rings

ion, storage-ring, antiproton, scattering

2166

A.V. Smirnov
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
A.I. Papash, A.V. Smirnov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: "Work supported by STFC, the Helmholtz Association and GSI under contract VH-NG-328."
Electrostatic storage rings operate at very low energies in the tens of keV range and have proven to be invaluable tools for atomic and molecular physics experiments. However, earlier measurements showed strong limitations in beam intensity, a fast reduction in the stored ion current, as well as significantly reduced beam life time at higher beam intensities and as a function of the ion optical elements used in the respective storage ring. In this contribution, the results from studies with the computer code BETACOOL into the long term beam dynamics in such storage rings, based on the examples of ELISA, the AD Recycler and the USR are presented.

WEPC074

Investigation of the Nonlinear Transformation of an Ion Beam in the Plasma Lens*

plasma, ion, focusing, cathode

2190

N.N. Alexeev, A.A. Drozdovsky, S.A. Drozdovsky, A. Golubev, Yu.B. Novozhilov, P.V. Sasorov, S.M. Savin, V.V. Yanenko
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

The plasma lens can carry out not only sharp focusing of ions beam. At those stages at which the magnetic field is nonlinear, formation of other interesting configurations of beams is possible. Plasma lens provides formation of hollow beams of ions in a wide range of parameters*. Application of the several plasma lenses allow to create some nontrivial spatial configurations of ions beams**: to get a conic and a cylindrical beams. The plasma lens can be used for transformation of beams with Gaussian distribution of particles density in a beams with homogeneous spatial distribution. The calculations showed that it is possible for a case of equilibrium Bennett's distribution of a discharge current. This requires a long duration of a discharge current pulse of > 10 μs. The first beam tests have essentially confirmed expected result. Calculations and measurements were performed for a C+6 and Fe+26 beams of 200-300 MeV/a.u.m. energy. The obtained results and analysis are reported.
* A. Drozdovskiy et al., IPAC'10, Kioto, Japan, http://cern.ch/AccelConf/IPAC10 /MOPE040.
** A.Drozdovskiy et al., RUPAC’10, Protvino, Russia, http://cern.ch/AccelConf/RUPAC10 /THCHA01.

WEPC075

ITEP-TWAC Progress Report

ion, proton, laser, injection

2193

N.N. Alexeev, P.N. Alekseev, V. Andreev, A. Balabaev, V.I. Nikolaev, A.S. Ryabtsev, Yu.A. Satov, V.A. Schegolev, B.Y. Sharkov, A. Shumshurov, V.P. Zavodov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

The program of the ITEP-TWAC Facility upgrade for next three years has been approved last year in the frame of National Research Center Kurchatov Institute taking up ITEP in accordance with government decision. It includes expanding of multimode using proton and heavy ion beams in different applications on a base of new accelerator technologies development. The laser ion source advantage of high temperature plasma generation has to be transformed to high current and high charge state ion beam of Z/A up to 0.4 for elements with A ~ 60 to be effectively stacked in the accumulator ring with multiple charge exchange injection technique. The new high current heavy ion RFQ section is in progress for the beam test. Accelerating system of accumulator ring U-10 is modified to increase compression voltage for stacked beam by factor of four. Design of proton injection and beam slow extraction for UK ring is performed for its utilizing as self-depending synchrotron in medical application and for imitation of cosmic radiation. The machine status analysis and current results of activities aiming at both subsequent improvement of beam parameters and expanding beam applications are presented.

WEPC117

Symmetry Based Design for Beam Lines*

quadrupole, controls, insertion, beam-transport

2286

S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov, M. Kosovtsov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Usually, the beam line design problems are solved using numerical optimization methods (for example, in the frame of so called global optimization paradigm). But this approach demonstrates enough effectiveness only after sufficient reduction of a control parameters set. In this paper we present the symmetry design concept based on symbolic computations for the corresponding beam line propagator. The combination of symbolic algebra codes (such as Maple, Mathematica, Maxima and so on) with the matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools enables us to carry out the entire theoretical and computing processes for design of the beam line under study. For this purpose some of necessary physical requirements are formulated in the terms of the corresponding symmetry conditions. The suggested approach can be realized in both exact and approximate forms of the symmetry terms. The found conditions can sufficiently reduce the number of control parameters for the next optimization step.

WEPC128

Application of Dynamical Maps to the FFAG EMMA Commissioning*

lattice, simulation, closed-orbit, acceleration

2304

Y. Giboudot, R. Nilavalan
Brunel University, Middlesex, United Kingdom
A. Wolski
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK.
The lattice of the Non Scaling FFAG EMMA has four degrees of freedom (strengths and transverse positions of each of the two quadrupoles in each periodic cell). Dynamical maps computed from an analytical representation of the magnetic field may be used to predict the beam dynamics in any configuration of the lattice. An interpolation technique using a mixed variable generating function representation for the map provides an efficient way to generate the map for any required lattice configuration, while ensuring symplecticity of the map. The interpolation technique is used in an optimisation routine, to identify the lattice configuration most closely machine specified dynamical properties, including the variation of time of flight with beam energy (a key characteristic for acceleration in EMMA).
yoel.giboudot@stfc.ac.uk

WEPC165

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Total Dose Distribution around the 12 MeV UPC Race-track Microtron and Radiation Shielding Calculations

shielding, radiation, simulation, beam-losses

2370

C. de la Fuente, M.A. Duch, Yu.A. Kubyshin
UPC, Barcelona, Spain
V.I. Shvedunov
MSU, Moscow, Russia

The Technical University of Catalonia is building a miniature 12 MeV electron race-track microtron for medical applications. In the paper we study the leakage radiation caused by beam losses inside the accelerator head, as well as the bremstrahlung radiation produced by the primary beam in the commissioning setting. Results of Monte Carlo simulations using the PENELOPE code are presented and two shielding schemes, global and local, are studied. The obtained shielding parameters are compared with estimates based on international recommendations of the radiation safety standards.

WEPC166

Licensing and Safety Issues of the ESS Accelerator

shielding, radiation, beam-losses, neutron

2373

P.E.T. Jacobsson, M. Brandin, D. Ene, T. Hansson
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The licensing process for the European Spallation Source (ESS) has started up. The process includes both an application to the Environmental Court in Sweden as well as the application towards the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSM). The applications will be based on an Environmental Impact Assessment EIA) and a Safety Analysis Report (SAR). One important step has been to define which regulations that apply for ESS. ESS has also set up General Safety Objectives (GSO). Based on the GSO and the legal requirements, the process design of the whole ESS facility is ongoing. This paper will focus upon the radiation safety issues related to the accelerator. This includes items as radiation shielding, personal protection system and operation emissions. Analyses and calculations, based on a preliminary design and layout of the ESS accelerator, will be presented. Discussion is made on issues like shielding material, shielding design and analysis models.

WEPO021

Quadrupole Magnet with an Integrated Dipole Steering Element for the ISIS Beam Transport Line

dipole, quadrupole, beam-transport, proton

2445

S.J.S. Jago, J. Shih, S.F.S. Tomlinson
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.M. Gurov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

A refurbishment of beam transport line to the original ISIS target station at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has recently been completed. This work involved a slight change to the optics in the area, which included the requirement for extra steering capabilities. Due to the space constraints in the region, a quadrupole magnet with an integrated dipole steering element was developed. The steering dipole consists of four saddle shaped coils situated within the bore of the quadrupole magnet providing a maximum steering angle of 2.5mrad. This paper outlines the magnetic and mechanical design of the steering element.

WEPS016

Update on Comparison of the Particle Production using MARS Simulation Code

proton, factory, simulation, solenoid

2514

G. Prior, S.S. Gilardoni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
H.G. Kirk, N. Souchlas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: EU FP7 EUROnu WP3
In the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF), a 5-15 GeV (kinetic energy) proton beam impinges a Hg jet target in order to produce pions that will decay into muons. The muons are then captured and transformed into a beam that can be passed to the downstream acceleration system. The target sits in a solenoid field tapering from 20 T down to below 2 T over several meters permitting a optimized capture of the pions that will produce useful muons for the machine. The target and pion capture system have been simulated in MARS simulation code and this work presents an updated comparison of the particles production using the MARS code versions m1507 and m1510.

WEPS024

Beta Beams: An Accelerator-based Facility to Explore Neutrino Oscillation Physics

ion, linac, ECR, acceleration

2535

E.H.M. Wildner, E. Benedetto, T. De Melo Mendonca, C. Hansen, T. Stora
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Berkovits
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
G. Burt, A.C. Dexter
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A. Chancé, J. Payet
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
M. Cinausero, G. De Angelis, F. Gramegna, T. Marchi, G.P. Prete
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G. Collazuol
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
F. Debray, C. Trophime
GHMFL, Grenoble, France
T. Delbar, T. Keutgen, M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov
UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
G. Di Rosa
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
M. Hass, T. Hirsch
Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel
I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
L.V. Kravchuk
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, M. Marie-Jeanne, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble, France
M. Mezzetto
INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
A.V. Sidorov
BINP SB RAS, Protvino, Moscow Region, Russia
P. Sortais
ISN, Grenoble, France
A. Stahl
RWTH, Aachen, Germany

Funding: This contribution is a project funded by European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372.
The recent discovery of neutrino oscillations, has implications for the Standard Model of particle physics (SM). Knowing the contribution of neutrinos to the SM, needs precise measurements of the parameters governing the neutrino oscillations. The EUROν Design Study will review three facilities (the so-called Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutrino Factories) and perform a cost assessment that, coupled with the physics performance, will give means to the European research authorities to make a decision on future European neutrino oscillation facility. "Beta Beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti-)neutrino by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a storage ring. EUROν Beta Beams are based on CERN’s infrastructure and existing machines. Using existing machines is an advantage for the cost evaluation, however, this choice is also constraining the Beta Beams. Recent work to make the Beta Beam facility a solid option will be described: production of Beta Beam isotopes, the 60 GHz pulsed ECR source development, integration into the LHC-upgrades, ensure the high intensity ion beam stability, and optimizations to get high neutrino fluxes.

WEPS064

Upgrade Strategies for High Power Proton Linacs

linac, cavity, neutron, proton

2646

M. Lindroos, H. Danared, M. Eshraqi, D.P. McGinnis, S. Molloy, S. Peggs, K. Rathsman
ESS, Lund, Sweden
R.D. Duperrier
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
J. Galambos
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

High power proton linacs are used as drivers for spallation neutron sources, and are proposed as drivers for sub-critical accelerator driven thorium reactors. A linac optimized for a specific average pulse current can be difficult, or inefficient, to operate at higher currents, for example due to mis-matching between the RF coupler and the beam loaded cavity, and due to Higher Order Mode effects. Hardware is in general designed to meet specific engineering values, such as pulse length and repetition rate, that can be costly and difficult to change, for example due to pre-existing space constraints. We review the different upgrade strategies that are available to proton driver designers, both for linacs under design, such as the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, and also for existing linacs, such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge. Potential ESS upgrades towards a beam power higher than 5 MW preserve the original time structure, while the SNS upgrade is directed towards the addition of a second target station.

WEPS069

The C70 ARRONAX and Beam Lines Status

cyclotron, simulation, proton, quadrupole

2661

F. Poirier, F. Haddad
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
S. Auduc, S. Girault, C. Huet, E. Mace, F. Poirier
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
J.L. Delvaux
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Funding: The cyclotron ARRONAX is supported by the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire, local authorities, the French government and the European Union.
The C70 Arronax project is a high intensity (up to 350 ·10^-6 A) and high energy (70 MeV) multi-particle cyclotron aiming at R&D on material and radiolysis, and production of rare radioisotopes. The project began its hands-on phase in December 2010, and is now undergoing beam lines’ modification in experimental halls for both present and future experiments. Characterization of the beams at the end of the beam lines is of particular importance to determine the capacity of the cyclotron for the end-line experimental users. A program of beam characterization is being performed based on dedicated diagnostics, e.g. beam profilers, Faraday cups, alumina foils, and also on a series of Geant4 beam simulations. The results of the measurements, along with the simulations, are detailed in this report for proton and alpha particle beams, as well as the future prospects of the characterization program.

WEPS071

High Power, High Energy Cyclotrons for Muon Antineutrino Production: the DAEdALUS Project

proton, cyclotron, beam-losses, extraction

2667

J.R. Alonso, T. Smidt
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Neutrino physics is very much at the forefront of today's research. Large detectors installed in deep underground locations study neutrino masses, CP violation, and oscillations using neutrino-sources including long- and short-baseline beams of neutrinos from muons decaying in flight. DAEdALUS* looks at neutrinos from stopped muons, “Decay At Rest (DAR)” neutrinos. The DAR neutrino spectrum has no electron antineutrinos (nu-e-bar) (pi-minus are absorbed), so a detector with much hydrogen (water-Cherenkov or liquid scintillator) is sensitive to appearance of nu-e-bar’s oscillating from nu-mu-bar via inverse-beta-decay. Oscillations are studied using shorter baselines, less than 20 km reaching the same range as the current and planned high-energy neutrino lines at Fermilab. As the neutrino flux is not variable, nor is the energy, the baseline is varied, plans call for 3 accelerator-based neutrino sources at 1.5, 8 and 20 km with staggered beam-on cycles. Key is cost-effectively generating megawatt beams of 800 MeV protons. A superconducting ring cyclotron is being designed by L. Calabretta and his group**. This revolutionary design could find application in many ADS-related fields.
* DAEdALUS Expression of Interest, arXiv:10⁰⁶.0260
** Calabretta et al., "A Superconducting Ring Cyclotron to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector", this conference

WEPS082

Development of FLNR JINR Heavy Ion Accelerator Complex in the Next Seven Years: New DC-280 Cyclotron Project

ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction

2700

G.G. Gulbekyan, S.L. Bogomolov, O.N. Borisov, S.N. Dmitriev, J. Franko, B. Gikal, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, V.I. Kazacha, N.Yu. Kazarinov, N.F. Osipov, A. Tikhomirov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

At present time four isochronous cyclotrons: U-400, U-400M, U-200 and IC-100 are in operation at the JINR FLNR. Total operation time is about 10000 hours per year. The U400M is a primary beam generator and U400 is as postaccelerator in RIB (DRIBs) experiments to produce and accelerate exotic nuclides such as 6He, 8He etc. One of the basic scientific programs which are carried out in FLNR - synthesis of new elements which demands intensive beams of heavy ions. Now U-400 is capable to provide long term experiments on Ca 48 beams with intensity of 1 pμA.In order to improve efficiency of the experiments for the next 7 years it is necessary to obtain the accelerated ion beams with the following parameters. Ion energy 4/8 MeV/n Masses 10/238 Beam intensity (up to A=50) 10 pμA Beam emittance less 30 π mm·mrad These parameters have underlain the project of new cyclotron DC-280.

WEPS092

High Energy Beam Line Design of the 600MeV, 4 mA Proton Linac for the MYRRHA Facility

vacuum, dipole, proton, linac

2721

H. Saugnac
IPN, Orsay, France

The general goal of the CDT project is to design a FAst Spectrum Transmutation Experimental Facility (FASTEF) able to demonstrate efficient transmutation and associated technology through a system working in subcritical and/or critical mode. A superconducting LINAC, part of the MYRRHA facility, will produce a 600 MeV, 4 mA proton beam and transport it to the spalation target located inside the reactor core. On this paper we focus on the final beam line design and describe optic simulations, beam instrumentation, integration inside the reactor building, mechanical and vacuum aspects as well as a preliminary design of the 2.4 MW beam dump located at the end of the accelerator tunnel.

WEPS103

Design of a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron for the Final Stage of Acceleration in a Common Proton Driver for a Neutrino Factory and a Spallation Neutron Source Based on Megawatt Upgrades to ISIS

proton, booster, neutron, acceleration

2751

J. Pasternak
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
L.J. Jenner, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Potential upgrades to the ISIS accelerators at RAL in the UK to provide proton beams in the few GeV and few MW range could be envisaged as the starting point for a proton driver shared between a short pulse spallation neutron source and the Neutrino Factory. The accelerator chain for the spallation neutron source, consisting of an 800 MeV H⁻ linac and a 3.2 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), is currently being designed and optimised. The design of the RCS for the final stage of acceleration, which would increase the final beam energy of the dedicated pulses to feed the Neutrino Factory pion production target is presented. The feasibility of the final bunch compression to the necessary nanosecond range is also discussed.

THYA01

Beam Dynamics in Positron Injector Systems for Next Generation B Factories

emittance, positron, linac, injection

2857

N. Iida, H. Ikeda, T. Kamitani, M. Kikuchi, K. Oide, D.M. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

SuperKEKB, the upgrade plan of KEKB, aims to boost the luminosity up to 8x10³5 /cm²/s. The beam energy of the Low Energy Ring (LER) is 4 GeV for positrons, and that of the High Energy Ring is 7 GeV for electrons. SuperKEKB is designed to produce low emittance beams. The horizontal and vertical emittances of the injection beams are 12.5 nm and 0.9 nm, respectively, which are one or two orders smaller than those of KEKB. The normal and maximum required charges are 4 nC and 8nC, respectively. The positron injector system consists of the source, capture systems, L-band and S-band linacs, collimators, an energy compression system (ECS), a 1.1-GeV damping ring, a bunch compression system (BCS), S-band and C-band linacs, another ECS and a beam transport line into the LER. For the low emittance beam with a huge amount of the positron charge like 8nC, some kinds of issues by the instabilities will be predicted due to such as Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR), beam loading, beam-beam effects, and so on. This paper reports a design of the positron beam injection system for SuperKEKB. In addition, comparisons with SuperB are described.

Slides THYA01 [7.572 MB]

THOAB01

Accelerator-driven Subcritical Molten-salt-fueled Reactors

neutron, radiation, linac, proton

2868

R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
C. Bowman
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Reactors built using solid fissile materials sealed in fuel rods have an inherent safety problem in that volatile radioactive materials in the rods are accumulated and can be released in dangerous amounts. Accelerator parameters for subcritical reactors that have been considered in recent studies have primarily been based on using solid nuclear fuel much like that used in all operating critical reactors as well as the thorium-burning accelerator-driven energy amplifier proposed by Rubbia et al. An attractive alternative reactor design that used molten salts was experimentally studied at ORNL in the 1960s, where a critical molten salt reactor was successfully operated using enriched U235 or U233 tetrafluoride fuels. These experiments give confidence that an accelerator-driven subcritical molten salt reactor will work as well or better than conventional reactors, having better efficiency due to their higher operating temperature, having the inherent safety of subcritical operation, and having constant purging of volatile radioactive elements to eliminate their accumulation and potential accidental release in dangerous amounts.

Slides THOAB01 [5.723 MB]

THOBB03

Research and Development of Novel Advanced Materials for Next-generation Collimators

impedance, radiation, collimation, beam-losses

2888

A. Bertarelli, G. Arnau-Izquierdo, F. Carra, A. Dallocchio, M. Gil Costa, N. Mariani
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work has partly been carried out through the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program.
The study of innovative collimators is essential to handle the high energy particle beams required to explore unknown territory in basic research. This calls for the development of novel advanced materials, as no existing metal-based or carbon-based material possesses the combination of physical, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties, imposed by collimator extreme working conditions. A new family of materials, with promising features, has been identified: metal-diamond composites. These materials are to combine the outstanding thermal and physical properties of diamond with the electrical and mechanical properties of metals. The best candidates are Copper-Diamond (Cu-CD) and Molybdenum-Diamond (Mo-CD). In particular, Mo-CD may provide interesting properties as to mechanical strength, melting temperature, thermal shock resistance and, thanks to its balanced material density, energy absorption. The research program carried out on these materials at CERN and collaborating partners is presented, mainly focusing on the theoretical investigation, material characterization, and manufacturing processes.

Slides THOBB03 [3.948 MB]

THPO021

A New Control System for the ISIS Main Magnet Power Supply

controls, power-supply, status, synchrotron

3385

J. Ranner, T.E. Carter, S. West
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire is a world-leading centre for research in the physical and life sciences. At the heart of the ISIS accelerator is a proton synchrotron which uses a ring of dipole and quadrupole magnets connected in series and configured as a White Circuit*. The circuit allows the magnets to be fed with an AC current superimposed on a DC current. A recent upgrade to the main magnet power supply** involved the replacement of the original AC supply, a motor-alternator set, with a bank of four 300kVA UPS (uninterruptible power supplies) which had been modified to allow the output voltage to be varied using serial commands. However, when initially tested, this method was unable to produce the required stability in the main magnet current. This paper describes the further modifications to the UPS units to achieve the required stability and the development of a LabVIEW control system which manages the data acquisition and analysis, the communication to the UPS, interlock equipment and user interface, and provides a low latency control loop to the UPS and DC bias power supplies.
* M.G. White et al., “A 3-BeV High Intensity Proton Synchrotron”, CERN Symp.1956 Proc., p525.
** S. West, J.W. Gray, W.A. Morris, “Upgrade of the ISIS Main Magnet Power Supply”, EPAC 2004 p1467.

THPS004

Beam Dynamics Simulation on Simultaneous use of Stochastic Cooling and Electron Cooling with Internal Target

electron, emittance, simulation, proton

3433

T. Kikuchi, N. Harada, T. Sasaki, H. Tamukai
Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
T. Katayama
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The small momentum spread of proton beam has to be realized and kept in the storage ring during the experiment with a dense internal target. The stochastic cooling alone does not compensate the momentum spread increases due to the scattering at the internal target. The dense proton beam in the six dimensional phase space includes intra-beam scattering as one of emittance growth mechanisms. The numerical simulation is carried out using Fokker-Planck equation solver, and the results on the simultaneous use of stochastic cooling and electron cooling at COSY are indicated.

THPS012

Simulation of the Generation and Transport of Laser-Accelerated Ion Beams

electron, ion, laser, simulation

3445

O. Boine-Frankenheim, V. Kornilov
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
L. Zsolt
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

In the framework of the LIGHT project a dedicated test stand is under preparation at GSI for the transport and focusing of laser accelerated ion beams. The relevant acceleration mechanism for the parameters achievable at the GSI PHELIX laser is the TNSA (Target Normal Sheath Acceleration). The subsequent evolution of the ion beam can be described rather well by the isothermal plasma expansion model. This model assumes an initial dense plasma layer with a 'hot' electron component and 'cold' ions. We will present 1D and 2D simulation results obtained with the VORPAL code on the expansion of the beam and on the cooling down of the neutralizing electrons. The electrons and their temperature can play an important role for the focusing of the beam in a solenoid magnet, as foreseen in the GSI test stand. We will discuss possible controlled de-neutralization schemes using external magnet fields.

THPS013

Radiation Pressure Acceleration of Multi-ion Thin Foil

ion, laser, proton, acceleration

3448

T.-C. Liu, G. Dudnikova, M.Q. He, C.-S. Liu, R.Z. Sagdeev, X. Shao, J.-J. Su
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA

Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) is considered as an efficient way to produce quasi-monoenergetic ions, in which an ultra-thin foil is accelerated by high intensity circularly polarized laser. Our simulation study shows that an important factor limiting this acceleration process is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which results in the exponential growth of the foil density perturbation during the acceleration and hence the induced transparency of the foil and broadening of the particle energy spectrum. We will study RPA of multi-ion thin foil made of carbon and hydrogen and investigate the possibility of using abundant electrons supplied from carbon to delay the foil from becoming transparent, enhance the acceleration of protons and therefore improve the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton beam. We will show the dependence of the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton and carbon beam on the density and concentration ratio of carbon and hydrogen in the foil as well as foil thickness for RPA.

THPS014

Laser Thin Gas Target Acceleration for Quasi-monoenergetic Proton Generation

laser, ion, proton, acceleration

3451

M.Q. He, G. Dudnikova, C.-S. Liu, T.-C. Liu, R.Z. Sagdeev, X. Shao, J.-J. Su
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
Z.M. Sheng
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

We propose a scheme of laser thin gas target acceleration for quasi-monoenergetic proton generation. The scheme uses gas target of thickness about several laser wavelengths with gas density spatial distribution of Guassian or square of sine shape. We performed Particle-In-Cell simulation using circularly polarized laser of normalized maximum amplitude ~5 and hydrogen gas target of thickness ~5 laser wavelength with peak density three times of the critical density. The simulation demonstrates several key physical processes involved in the laser thin gas target acceleration and the observation of quasi-monoenergetic protons. During the early phase of the laser plasma interaction, electron and ion cavities are observed. A compressed plasma layer is formed. The reflected protons in front of the compressed layer are accelerated and thus a bunch of quasi-monoenergetic protons are obtained. The compressed layer is finally destroyed due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The acceleration of the quasi-monoenergetic proton then stops with maximum energy about 8 MeV. It is also found that gas target thickness plays an important role for efficient quasi-monoenergetic proton generation.

THPS020

Development of C⁶⁺ Laser Ion Source

ion, laser, acceleration, ion-source

3460

A. Yamaguchi
Toshiba Corporation, Power And Industrial Systems Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Japan

A C⁶⁺ laser ion source has been developed for a heavy ion accelerator, which supplies pulsed ion beam for single-turn injection system of a synchrotron by one laser shot. A graphite plate is irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (10⁶⁴ nm of wavelength, 1.4 J of maximum laser energy, 10 ns of pulse duration) to generate carbon ions. The characteristics of the ion beam were studied by using the time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and the magnetic momentum analyzer. Results of the experiments are presented.

THPS031

The Beam Expander System for the European Spallation Source

octupole, multipole, quadrupole, proton

3487

H.D. Thomsen, A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

At the European Spallation Source (ESS), neutrons are produced by high energy (2.5 GeV) protons impinging on a target. The lifetime of the target is highly dependent on the beam footprint. In general, the lower the average current density, the longer the lifetime of the target will be. A detailed study of two different expander systems suggested to be used to obtain the desired beam footprint has been undertaken. For reference, a system of quadrupole defocusing is used. The two systems under study are expansion of the beam by magnetic multipoles and raster scanning (painting) of the narrow linac beam over the target area. The designs, specifications, and comparative risks of the three systems will be described.

THPS036

Development of Thin NCS-foils by N+ Ion Beam Sputtering and Their Characteristics

ion, heavy-ion, scattering

3499

I. Sugai, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, Y. Takeda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Hattori, K.K. Kawasaki
RLNR, Tokyo, Japan

We have developed thin Nitride Carbon Stripper foils (NCS-foil) with a higher nitrogen content by ion beam sputtering　method with reactive nitrogen gas. Such NCS-foils have been demonstrated that the foils in range of 10^-25 ug/m2 have shown long-lifetime as stripper foil against high intensity heavy ion beam bombardment. From the results, we found that the nitrogen element in the carbon foils plays very important role of the foil lifetime. Therefore, in order to investigate further influence of the lifetime on the nitrogen amount in the NCS-foils, we measured the sputtering yield at the different sputtering angles and carbon source materials. We also measured the ratio of nitrogen in carbon foil made at the different sputtering angles, target materials and the sputtering voltages of 4-15 kV by means of RBS method. The foil-lifetime made in above different conditions was measured with a 3.2 MeV Ne⁺ ion beam. The lifetime does not essentially depend on the sputtering angles and the target materials, and the maximum and average lifetimes showed 240 and 40 times longer than that of the CM-best foils.

THPS037

Performance Characteristics of HBC-foils by 650 KeV H⁻ and DC High Intensity Ion Beam Irradiation

ion, cathode, light-ion, heavy-ion

3502

I. Sugai, Y. Irie, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Kinsho, Y. Yamazaki, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Newly developed Hybrid type Boron mixed Carbon stripper foils (HBC-stripper foil) are extensively used for not only J-PARC, for but also LANL-PSR since September of 2007. In order to know further characteristics of the HBC-stripper foils, we measured following parameters; foil lifetimes, thickness reduction, uniformity before and after beam irradiation and foil shrinkage, using 3.2 MeV Ne⁺ DC beam from TIT-Van de Grraff and 650 keV DC proton beam at KEK Cock-Croft accelerators, which are almost the same energy deposition as well as the J-PARC. We also investigated sputtering yield by hydrogen ion beam, thermal conductivity, weight change in heating and density of the HBC-stripper foils. We compared these values with other tested carbon stripper foils such as commercially available carbon foils (CM-foil), synthetic diamond (DM-foil) and nano-tube carbon foils (NTC-foil). Through these experiments, the　HBC-stripper foils showed superior performance characteristics, in especially, on the lifetime at temperature higher than 1800K compared with other tested CM-, DM- and NTC-foils.

THPS041

Design of Beam Transport Line from RCS to Target for CSNS

kicker, proton, simulation, octupole

3514

W.B. Liu, N. Huang, J. Qiu, J. Tang, S. Wang, G. Xu
IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) uses the high energy proton beam to strike the Tungsten target to generate neutrons through spallation reaction. The proton beam is extracted from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), whose beam power reaches 100 kW. For the sake of target lifetime, beam distribution at the target surface is required as uniform as possible. Nonlinear beam density redistribution method with two octupole magnets has been studied. Also some simulation and theoretical calculation have been done. According to the simulation result, the beam density at the target is optimized and the beam loss is under control.

THPS050

The High Energy Beam Transport System for the European Spallation Source

linac, collimation, quadrupole, octupole

3538

A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

As part of the accelerator design update for the European Spallation Source (ESS), we present results from a detailed study of the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) line. The HEBT is a transport line around 100 m long, which connects the 2.5-GeV linac to the target. The linac will deliver a current of 50 mA, a pulse length of 2 ms and a repetition rate of 20 Hz, and losses are of utmost importance. Presumably, the HEBT will continue the 10 m period focusing structure of the linac. Two bends – overall, achromatic – will be needed to connect the different vertical levels between the linac and the target. A number of design aspects will be discussed here: space for future linac cryostats, the need and location for collimation, the location of the tuning beam dump and the associated beam optics, and the beam expander system, which provide the desired beam footprint on the target (see also separate contribution). A proposed design including options will be described together with hardware specifications.

THPS051

Development of Fragmented Low-Z Ion Beams for the NA61 Fixed-target Experiment at the CERN SPS

ion, secondary-beams, light-ion, injection

3541

I. Efthymiopoulos, O.E. Berrig, T. Bohl, H. Breuker, M. Calviani, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, D. Manglunki, S. Mataguez, S. Maury, J. Spanggaard, C. Valderanis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Z. Fodor
KFKI, Budapest, Hungary
M. Gazdzicki
IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
F. Gouber, A. Ivashkin
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
P. Seyboth
MPI-P, München, Germany
H. Stroebele
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The NA61 experiment, aims to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement at low SPS energies and to find signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter. A broad range in T-μ_B phase diagram will be covered by performing an energy (13A-158A GeV/c) and system size (p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Ca, Xe+La) scan. In a first phase, fragmented ion beams of 7Be or 11C produced as secondaries with the same momentum per nucleon when the incident primary Pb-ion beam hits a thin Be target will be used. The H2 beam line that transports the beam to the experiment acts as a double spectrometer which combined with a new thin target (degrader) where fragments loose energy proportional to the square of their charge allows the separation of the wanted A/Z fragments. Thin scintillators and TOF measurement for the low energy points are used as particle identification devices. In this paper results from the first test of the fragmented ion beam done in 2010 will be presented showing that a pure Be beam can be obtained satisfying the needs of the experiment.

THPS060

RAM Methodology and Activities for IFMIF Engineering Design

neutron, controls, vacuum, rfq

3565

J.M. Arroyo, A. Ibarra, J. Molla
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
J. Abal, E. Bargalló, J. Dies, C. Tapia
UPC, Barcelona, Spain

IFMIF will be an accelerator-based neutron source to test fusion candidate materials. The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities of IFMIF are aimed to deliver the complete engineering design file of this major facility. Achieving a high level of availability and reliability is a key point for IFMIF mission. A goal of 70% of operational availability has been established. In order to fulfill the availability requirements, RAM has to be considered during the engineering design phase. This paper summarizes the methodology developed and the proposed process aimed at including RAM in the design of IFMIF, as well as the activities performed in this framework. Overall RAM specifications have been defined for IFMIF project. RAM methodology dealing with RAM design guidelines, reliability database and RAM modelization has been developed. As a first step for the iterative process of RAM analysis of IFMIF design, a fault tree model based on a new reliability database has been performed with Risk Spectrum®. The result is a first assessment of the availability and first allocation of RAM requirements.

THPS064

Application of X-band 3.95 MeV Linac X-ray Source for On-site Bridge Inspection

linac, site, gun, electron

3571

H.F. Jin, K. Demachi, K. Dobashi, T. Fujiwara, M. Uesaka, H. Zhu
The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

We developed an X-ray non-destructive (NDT) system for on-site bridge inspection. A portable X-band (9.3-12 GHz) 3.95MeV linear accelerator (linac) has been developed for this system. The system consists of X-ray of 62kg without the target collimeter of 80kg, the RF power source of 62kg and other utility box of 116kg. For the onsite investigation, a flexible waveguide is used for this linac. And the linac is a point X-ray source. For X-ray detection, we chose 8-inch square size scintillation type flat panel detector. The spatial resolution of the detector is as high as 0.2mm, which is manufactured by Perkin Elmer Co. Cd2O2S:Tb is used for the scintillator crystal. The capable radiation energy range is 40keV to 15MeV. In order to realize quick inspection for a bridge, remote control robot which handles and compact X-ray source and detector are desired. Therefore, we developed 3D location system for this robot. The locating system is realized with image processing with its camera. For the operation, stereoscopic radiographic image is taken and analyzed, and computed tomography (CT) image analysis is taken for detailed inspection.
Non-destructive test (NDT) , X-ray Source, X-band, Linac, Detector, Computed Tomography (CT).

THPS072

Commissioning of NIRS Fast Scanning System for Heavy-ion Therapy

controls, synchrotron, ion, monitoring

3595

T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
E. Takeshita
Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan

The commissioning of NIRS fast scanning system was started in September 2010, when the first beam was successfully delivered from the HIMAC synchrotron to the new treatment room. After the fine tuning of the new transport line, the commissioning of the scanning system was carried out as following steps; 1) verification of the beam size, position and intensity stability; 2) verification of beam scanning performance and calibration; 3) verification of beam monitor performance; 4) dose measurement of pencil beams for the beam parameterization in the treatment planning system; and 5) verification of 3D dose conformation. As a result of the commissioning, we verified that the new scanning delivery system can produce an accurate 3D dose distribution for the target volume in combination with the planning software. We will report the commissioning results and the performance of the scanning system.

THPS073

Dosimetric Impact of Multiple Energy Operation in Carbon-ion Radiotherapy

ion, synchrotron, simulation, scattering

3598

T. Inaniwa, T. Furukawa, N. Kanematsu, S. Mori, K. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

In radiotherapy with a scanned carbon beam, its Bragg peak is placed within the target volume either by inserting the range shifter plates or by changing the beam energy extracted from the synchrotron. The former method (range shifter scanning: RS) is adopted in NIRS while the latter method (active energy scanning: ES) has been used in GSI and HIT. In NIRS, an intermediate method, a combination scanning (CS), is now under consideration where eleven beam energies having the ranges with 30 mm intervals are prepared and used in conjunction with the range shifter plates for slighter range shift. The disadvantages of the RS are the beam spread due to the multiple scattering within the range shifter plates and the production of fragment particles through the nuclear reactions within them. On the other hand, for the ES, severely time-consuming beam commissioning and the expensive devices are required. In this study, we compare these three methods from the viewpoint of dose distributions and the impacts for clinical cases will be discussed.

THPS075

Recent Progress of New Cancer Therapy Facility at HIMAC

synchrotron, ion, heavy-ion, controls

3604

T. Shirai, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, K. Katagiri, K. Mizushima, S. Sato, E. Takada, Y. Takei, E. Takeshita
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
T. Fujimoto, T. Kadowaki, T. Miyoshi, Y. Sano
AEC, Chiba, Japan

Since 1994, the carbon beam treatment has been continued at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The total number of patients treated is more than 5,000 in 2010. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, we have developed new treatment equipments toward adaptive cancer therapy with heavy ion at New Particle Therapy Research Facility in NIRS.

THPS078

Medical Applications of INR Proton Linac

proton, neutron, linac, isotope-production

3613

S.V. Akulinichev, L.V. Kravchuk
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The main parameters of INR proton linac are suitable for several medical applications. The isotope laboratory of INR is now producing Sr-82 for PET diagnostics in cardiology and the first proton therapy treatment room is now being tested. This treatment room was designed for the therapy of tumors of different sizes and localizations, the patient position can be either sitting or lying. The combination of scatterers and collimators makes the formed beam profile at the isocenter insensitive to the initial beam profile in the transport channel. During the linac run for medicine at the end of 2010 the proton beams with energies of 120-209 MeV have been shown to fulfilled the medical requirements. Due to high maximal intensity of the proton beam, the brachytherapy source activation and the neutron therapy can become other applications of the facility. It is possible to use the parasitic neutrons, arising at the isotope laboratory or at some installations of the experimental complex, for the activation of medical sources with ytterbium or other nuclides, for the neutron therapy and even for the boron or gadolinium neutron-capture therapy of radio-resistant tumors.

THPS079

Vacuum-insulation Tandem Accelerator for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

neutron, vacuum, proton, tandem-accelerator

3615

S.Yu. Taskaev, V.I. Aleynik, A. Burdakov, A.A. Ivanov, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.N. Sorokin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Novel powerful electrostatic vacuum-insulation tandem accelerator had been proposed* and created at BINP. A 2 MeV 3 mA dc proton beam is obtained. Neutrons are generated by 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction in the near threshold mode**. Epithermal neutron flux is formed for the development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of malignant tumors. In this report results on proton beam obtaining, neutron flux generation and in vitro investigation are presented and discussed. This accelerator based neutron source looks like a prototype of compact inexpensive epithermal neutron source for the spread of BNCT. Plans on BNCT realization are declared. Also the facility is used for the development of nuclear resonance absorption technique for nitrogen detection, and for the investigation of neutronless fusion. First, 9.17-MeV gamma rays are generated by 13C(p,gamma)14N reaction at 1.76 MeV protons***. Second, we are ready to measure alfa particles energy spectrum of p+11B reaction.
* Bayanov et al., NIM A 413 (1998) 397-426.
** Kuznetsov et al., Technical Physics Letters 35/8 (2009) 1-6.
*** Kuznetsov et al., NIM A 606 (2009) 238-242.

THPS080

The New Bern Cyclotron Laboratory for Radioisotope Production and Research

cyclotron, proton, radiation, extraction

3618

S. Braccini, A. Ereditato
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
P. Scampoli
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
K. von Bremen
SWAN, Bern, Switzerland

A new cyclotron laboratory for radioisotope production and multi-disciplinary research is under construction in Bern and will be operational by the end of 2011. A commercial IBA 18 MeV proton cyclotron, equipped with a specifically conceived 6 m long external beam line, ending in a separate bunker, will provide beams for routine 18-F production as well as for novel detector, radiation biophysics, radioprotection, radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments. The accelerator is embedded into a complex building which hosts two physics laboratories, four GMP radiochemistry and radiopharmacy laboratories, offices and two floors for patient treatment and clinical research activities. This project is the result of a successful collaboration among the University Hospital in Bern (Inselspital), the University of Bern and private investors, aiming at the constitution of a combined medical and research center able to provide the most cutting-edge technologies in medical imaging and cancer radiation therapy. For this purpose, the establishment of a proton therapy center on the campus of Inselspital is in the phase of advanced study.

THPS082

Dose-homogeneity Driven Beam Delivery System Performance Requirements for MedAustron

proton, ion, extraction, scattering

3624

M. Palm, F. Moser
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Benedikt, A. Fabich
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
M. Palm
ATI, Wien, Austria

MedAustron, the Austrian hadron therapy center is currently under construction. Irradiation will be performed using active scanning with proton or carbon ion pencil beams. Major beam delivery system contributors to dose heterogeneities during active scanning are evaluated: beam position, beam size and spot weight errors. Their individual and combined effect on the dose distribution is quantified, using semi-analytical models of lateral beam spread in the nozzle and target and depth-dose curves for protons and carbon ions. Deduced requirements on critical parts of the beam delivery system are presented. Preventive and active methods to suppress the impact of beam delivery inaccuracies are proposed.

THPS083

Two-channel Mode of Mo-99 Production at an Electron Accelerator

neutron, electron, simulation, photon

3627

V.L. Uvarov, A.N. Dovbnya, V.V. Mytrochenko, V.I. Nikiforov, S.A. Perezhogin, V.A. Shevchenko, B.I. Shramenko, A.Eh. Tenishev, A.V. Torgovkin
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

High-energy bremsstrahlung is the main source of isotopic target activation at an electron accelerator. The photoneutrons concurrently generated are generally considered as a background radiation. At the same time, the natural materials entering into photonuclear targets sometimes comprise a mixture of stable isotopes, the atomic-number difference of which equals 2. Thus, if the desired isotope has an intermediate mass, then at certain conditions, it can be produced on two target nuclei at once, via (γ,n) and (n,γ) channels. As an example, we investigate the possibility of increasing the yield of 99Mo by means of its simultaneous production from 100Mo(γ,n)99Mo and 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo reactions. The method and the device have been developed to provide measurements of the 99Mo yield from the natural molybdenum target as it is placed inside the neutron moderator and without the latter. Experiments were performed at the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-40m at electron energies ranging from 30 to 60 MeV. It is demonstrated that the use of the moderator gives nearly a 30% increase in the 99Mo yield. The experimental results are in good agreement with the computer simulation data.

THPS084

Modification of the PENELOPE Transport System for HS Simulation of Isotope Production Mode

electron, simulation, photon, radiation

3630

V.L. Uvarov, V.I. Nikiforov
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

A method has been developed for high-speed computing the photonuclear isotope yield along with the absorbed radiation power in exit devices of electron accelerator. The technique involves a step-by-step calculation of isotope microyield along the photon trajectories. The approach has been realized in the computer programs based on the PENELOPE system of -2001, -2006 and -2008 versions. For their benchmarking, use has been made of the experimental data on activity distributions of the 67Cu produced from 68Zn(γ,p)67Cu reaction in thick zinc targets. The results of simulation using the PENELOPE-2006 and -2008 codes are in excellent agreement with all experimental data. At the same time, the PENELOPE-2001 computations give good agreement with the experimental results for target activation by the electron beam, but systematically underestimate (~15%) in case of the target exposed to bremsstrahlung. The proposed technique provides a ~ 10⁴ times higher computation speed as compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation of photonuclear events and that speed is independent of the reaction cross section.

THPS088

LHC Beam Impact on Materials Considering the Time Structure of the Beam

proton, simulation, kicker, extraction

3639

N.A. Tahir
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
J. Blanco, R. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Piriz
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
A. Shutov
IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia

The LHC is the world's largest and highest energy accelerator. Two counter-rotating beams can be accelerated up to 7 TeV and kept colliding for several hours. The energy stored in each beam is up to 362MJ, enough to melt 500 kg of copper. A fast loss of a small fraction of the beam can cause damage to a superconducting coil in a magnet. Primary beam collimators, one of the most robust parts of the machine protection, can be damaged with about 5% of the beam. An accident involving the entire beam is very unlikely but cannot be fully excluded. Understanding the consequences of such accidents is fundamental for the machine protection. Detailed numerical simulations have been carried out to assess the damage caused by full LHC beam impact on solid Cu and C cylinders. The energy loss of the protons is calculated with the FLUKA code and this data is used as input to a 2D hydrodynamic code BIG2, to study the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic response of the material. Since the target parameters change substantially during the time of impact, a new approach of running the two codes iteratively, has been developed. In this paper the results are presented and compared with the previous studies.

THPS089

Application of Particle Accelerators to Study High Energy Density Physics in the Laboratory

ion, simulation, heavy-ion, plasma

3642

N.A. Tahir, T. Stöhlker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Piriz
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
A. Shutov
IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia
A.A. Zharikov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

High Energy Density (HED) Physics spans over wide areas of basic and applied physics. Strongly bunched high quality intense particle beams are an excellent tool to generate HED matter in the laboratory. Over the past decade, we have carried out extensive theoretical work to design HED physics experiments for the future FAIR facility at Darmstadt. These experiments will be carried out to study the equation-of-state properties of HED matter*, interiors of the Giant planets**, growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in solids and ideal fluids in the linear and the non-linear regimes*** as well as the solid constitutive properties of materials of interest under dynamic conditions.
* N.A. Tahir et al., PRL 95 (2005) 135004.
** N.A. Tahir et al., New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 073022.
*** N.A. Tahir et al., Phys. Plasmas 18 (2011) 032704.

THPS091

Scientific Feasibility of Fusion Material Irradiation Experiments in ESS-B

proton, neutron, radiation, remote-handling

3648

I. Garcia-Cortes, A. Ibarra, R. Vila
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
E. Abad, R. Martinez
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
F.J. Bermejo
Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain

Material irradiation by protons is capable of simulating the effects of fusion neutrons (14 MeV, target damaging and He & H production) with a reasonably fast dose rate, according to theoretical calculations and previous experiments. Therefore, given that the ESS-Bilbao (ESS-B) accelerator, under construction in Bilbao, will provide an intense source of 50 MeV protons, with total currents of a few mA’s, a laboratory for fusion material testing is proposed. This paper appraises the scientific feasibility of performing fusion relevant experiments in the proposed laboratory. Material characterization under proton irradiation (by in-beam techniques to assess mechanical properties) while monitoring mechanical, micro-structural and compositional changes of the irradiated materials are some of the laboratory goals. Special emphasis is placed on expected radiation damage parameters in structural and functional materials, the beam power deposition in the sample and the consequences of material activation for the laboratory design.

THPS092

Conceptual Design of the ESS-Bilbao Materials Irradiation Laboratory

proton, neutron, simulation, radiation

3651

R. Martinez, E. Abad
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
F.J. Bermejo
Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
I. Garcia-Cortes, A. Ibarra, R. Vila
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

Funding: ESS-Bilbao
The baseline design for the first stage of the ESS-Bilbao proton linear accelerator up to 50 MeV is almost concluded and the linac is at present under construction. Three main application laboratories have been envisaged in this first stage: two proton irradiation laboratories and a low intensity neutron source. In particular, the high intensity proton beam of 50 MeV will be used to test structural materials for fusion reactors* under project named “Protons for Materials” (P4M), described in this contribution. The P4M irradiation room will be an underground facility located at the accelerator's tunnel depth. High levels of activation are expected in this irradiation room and its design presents challenges in both remote handling and independent operation from the other two surface laboratories. Thermal analysis of the beam power deposition over the target will be presented.
K. Konashyetal, Sci. Rep. RITU, A45(1997), pp.111-114.

THPS096

Neutron-physical Characteristics of the Subcritical Setup with Natural Uranium Blanket Bombarded by 4 GeV Deuterons

neutron, proton, radiation, background

3660

M. Artiushenko, Y.T. Petrusenko, V.V. Sotnikov, V.A. Voronko
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
A.A. Patapenka, A.A. Safronava, I.V. Zhuk
JIPNR-Sosny NASB, Minsk, Belarus

An extended U/Pb-assembly was irradiated with an extracted beam of 4 GeV deuterons from the Nuclotron accelerator at the JINR, Dubna, Russia. Information on the spatial distributions of neutrons in the lead target and the uranium blanket was obtained with sets of activation detectors (natPb and natU) and solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD). Spatial distribution of the natPb, and natU fission reaction rates in the volume of the target and blanket installation were obtained using SSNTD techniques. Activation method was used to obtain the spatial distributions of 238U(n,g), 238U(n,f) reactions rates. The procedure of combining the track counting and gamma-spectrometry techniques for the determination of spectral indices is a new development. It includes gathering information from the same sample by SSNTD methods, i.e., counting the fission tracks of 238U, and also by gamma-spectrometry of 239Np production. Sets of spectral indices values (ratio of 238U(n,g) to 238U(n,f) reaction rates), representing the integral nuclear data were defined. Comparison between the experimental data and the calculations performed with the use of the computer numerical code FLUKA2008 was made.

THPS103

The Proton Engineering Frontier Project: Status and Prospect of Proton Beam Utilization

proton, linac, radiation, DTL

3675

K. R. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, B.H. Choi, J-Y. Kim, K.Y. Kim, J. W. Park
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Republic of Korea.
A 100-MeV, 20-mA high intensity proton linac is to be constructed in 2012 by the PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, which was started in 2002 with three main objectives; development of high intensity proton linac, development of proton beam utilization technologies, and industrialization of developed technologies. Proton beams with variable energy and current can be provided to the users from various research and application fields such as nano-, bio-, semiconductor-, space-, radiation-, environment-technologies and medical- and basic sciences, etc. through 10 targets rooms, which are assigned specific application fields to meet various user’s beam requirements. Following a brief introduction to the accelerator development, multiple beamline development and the construction works, we will review the achievements of our user program which have been operated over the past 8 years to cultivate and foster proton beam users and beam utilization technologies in diverse R&D fields. In addition, we will discuss the perspectives of the beam utilization in conjunction with design and construction of user facilities.

THPS104

Radio-activation Effect of Target Rooms for PEFP's 20~100 MeV Linear Accelerator

proton, radiation, neutron, simulation

3678

S.J. Ra, M.H. Jung, K. R. Kim
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was conducted as a part of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project supported by the Ministry of Education Science & Technology of Korea Government.
PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) has developed a 20~100 MeV/20 mA proton linear accelerator, proton beam utilization technology and accelerator applications, in order to acquire core technologies which are essential to develop future science and secure the industrial competitiveness. In the experimental hall, 10 target rooms will be constructed for the research of radioisotopes, material, medical, neutron source, etc. In the irradiation experiments using proton beam of more than a few MeV energy, radio-activation of targets and equipments can be essentially caused by the proton induced nuclear reactions. Highly radioactive samples occasionally makesome problems or inconveniences concerning with sample handling and post-treatment because we have to wait for the samples to be cooled down under the safe value for radiation protection. So we estimated proton beam irradiation condition of each target room and used samples including equipments, then we calculated radio-activation of each target room by using Monte Carlo N-particle Transport Code.

FRYAA01

Review of Hadron Therapy Accelerators Worldwide and Future Trends

ion, proton, hadron, synchrotron

3784

K. Noda
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

Hadron beams have attractive growing interest for cancer treatment owing to their high dose localization at the Bragg peak and owing to high biological effect there, especially for heavy-ion beams. Recently, therefore, hadron cancer radiotherapy has been successfully carried out at various facilities and several facility construction projects have also been progressing in the world, based on the development of the accelerator and beam-delivery technologies. This report will review the development of the accelerator and beam-delivery technologies in the hadron beam radiotherapy facilities in the world.

FRYBA01

The European Spallation Source

cavity, linac, proton, HOM

3789

S. Peggs
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The principles of the design, and the technical and beam dynamics challenges of the ESS are presented, as well as possible future upgrade options.

Slides FRYBA01 [5.122 MB]

FRYCA01

Towards a World Without Nuclear Weapons: How can Scientists Help?

controls, status, acceleration

3794

J. Duncan
UK Mission for Multilateral Arms Control & Disarmament, Cointrin, Geneva, Switzerland

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty could eventually result in a significant reduction - or even complete elimination - of nuclear weapons. Technologies from the accelerator field, such as transmutation of weapon-grade uranium and plutonium, alternative techniques for nuclear power generation, detection of fissile material and verification, will be very important for this effort. The present trend in modern diplomacy is to form unconventional alliances to make progress on challenging issues. Could an alliance between diplomats and scientists help to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing and eventually eliminating nuclear weapons?