Keyword: cyclotron
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MOA01 Operational Experience and Upgrade Plans of the RIBF Accelerator Complex ion, ion-source, acceleration, operation 1
 
  • H. Okuno, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is the cyclotron based accelerator facility for nuclear science, completed in the end of 2006. Now RIBF can provide the most intense RI beams. Continuous efforts since the first beam has increased the beam intensity and made stable operation. In 2016, 49.8 pnA (3×1011/sec) of uranium ion beam could be extracted from the final accelerator SRC with energy of 345 MeV/u. An intensity upgrade program has been proposed to increase the intensity of uranium ion by more than twenty. The program includes two subjects. First, space charge limit of the beam intensity in the low energy ring cyclotron (RRC) should be increased by replacing the existing resonators with the new one to get higher accelerating voltage. The second is skip of the first stripper, requiring a new ring cyclotron (FRC) just after the first stripper to increase the maximum magnetic rigidity so as to accept low charge state. This presentation show a conceptual design of the new cyclotron with some issues to realize the intensity upgrade.  
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MOA02 Upgrade of the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron for Beam Power Higher than 2-5 kW extraction, ion, vacuum, acceleration 7
 
  • L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, G. Cuttone, G. D'Agostino, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron has been in operation for more than 20 years, delivering to users a considerable variety of ion species from H to Pb, with energy in the range 10 to 80 A MeV. Up to now the maximum beam power has been limited to 100 W due to the beam dissipation in the electrostatic deflectors. To fulfill the users request, aiming to study rare processes in Nuclear Physics, the beam power has been planned to be increased up to 2-10 kW for ions with mass lower than 40 a.m.u., to be extracted by stripping. This development will maintain the present performance of the machine, i.e. the existing extraction mode will be maintained for all the ion species allowed by the operating diagram. To achieve this goal, a significant refurbishing operation of the cyclotron is needed, including a new cryostat with new superconducting coils, a new extraction channel with a large vertical gap, additional penetrations to host new magnetic channels and new compensation bars. Moreover the vacuum in the acceleration chamber is planned to be improved by replacing the liners and the trim coils. A general description of the refurbishing project will be presented.  
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MOBS02 In Memorium: Mike Craddock TRIUMF, kaon, proton, factory 11
 
  • E.W. Blackmore
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Michael K. Craddock, TRIUMF accelerator physicist and UBC professor, died on 11 November, 2015 after a brief illness. Michael left the UK to join the UBC Nuclear Physics group in 1966, just at the time a new accelerator to replace the aging Van de Graaff was under consideration. He was a leading member of the founding team that decided on a 500 MeV H¯ cyclotron and directed the beam dynamics design of the cyclotron to first beam in December 1974. With the cyclotron running at full intensity he moved his interest to higher energies and led the accelerator physics team in the design of the 30 GeV KAON Factory (1982-1994). After retirement from UBC in 2001 he moved his research interest to FFAGs.  
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MOB01 Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications ion, acceleration, controls, vacuum 16
 
  • S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama
    QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
  • M. Fukuda
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  
  We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.  
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MOB02 Simulation and Detection of the Helical Ion-Paths in a Small Cyclotron ion, simulation, acceleration, experiment 21
 
  • C.R. Wolf
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  • M. Prechtl, R. Rueß
    HS Coburg, Coburg, Germany
  
  The small cyclotron COLUMBUS, which was developed by Gymnasium Ernestinum in cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg, is a particle accelerator for education and teaching purposes. Since its inception, the cyclotron has been under continuous development and is part of the newly established student research center of the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg. This cyclotron accelerates hydrogen ions; the positions of them are registered after a few revolutions by a faraday cup which is moved across their paths by a Linear Translator. This thesis presents a MathLab Simulation of the orbits of the accelerated Hydrogen ions. In contrast to simpler models, which approximate the orbits in the acceleration gap by a straight line, this simulation takes into account the deflection by the magnetic field to get a more realistic result for the initial paths and the positions on which the ions are registered.  
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MOD01 Design of the Energy Selection System for Proton Therapy Based on GEANT4 emittance, proton, simulation, scattering 30
 
  • Z.K. Liang, W. Chen, X. Liu, J. Zha
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
  • K.F. Liu, B. Qin
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  
  Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has planned to build a proton therapy facility based on an isochronous superconducting cyclotron. The 250 MeV/500 nA proton beam is extracted from a super-conducting cyclotron. To modulate beam energy, an en-ergy selection system is essential in the beam-line. The simulation based on Geant4 has been performed for the energy selection system and its result will be discussed in this paper. This paper introduces the variation rules of the beam parameters including the beam energy, beam emit-tance, energy spread and transmission. The degrader's gap and the twiss parameter are proven to be effective ways to reduce the emittance after degrader.  
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MODM01 Design Study of the 250 MeV Isochronous Superconducting Cyclotron Magnet proton, extraction, magnet-design, acceleration 33
 
  • W. Chen, Z.K. Liang, X. Liu
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
  • K. Fan, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  
  Superconducting cyclotron is an optimum choice to deliver high quality continuous wave (CW) proton beams for proton therapy with its compactness and power saving. Field isochronism and tune optimization are the two crucial factors of cyclotrons during the magnet design. This paper is concentrated on the superconducting magnet design, mainly including the spiral magnet, isochronous field and the tune optimization. The main parameters and some features of the machine will be presented.  
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MODM02 Magnet Optimization and Beam Dynamic Calculation of the 18 MeV Cyclotron by TOSCA and CYCLONE Codes magnet-design, betatron, simulation, focusing 36
 
  • N. Rahimpour Kalkhoran, H. Afarideh, M. Afkhami Karaei, S. Sabounchi
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • M. Ghergherehchi
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Designing and manufacturing of the 18 MeV cyclotron has been started for producing H− for applications in Posi-tron Emission Tomography (PET) radioisotopes at Amirkabir University Of Technology. Up to this point, there were 2 steps in magnet design: Initial design and optimization processes. The AVF structure with hill and valley was selected for getting strong axial focusing in magnet design and achieving up to 18MeV energy for the particle. After finishing the initial design, optimization process in magnet design was started for achieving the best coincidence in magnetic field. Checking the beam dynamic of the particle is one of the most important and necessary steps after magnet simulation. The phenomenon which confirms simulated magnet validity is obtaining reasonable particle trajectory. This paper focused on the optimization process in magnet design and simulation of the beam dynamic. Some results which ensure a particle can be accelerated up to 18 MeV energy, are presented. All magnetic field calculation in whole magnet was calculated by OPERA-3D(TOSCA) code. Also beam dynamic analysis by applying magnetic field data from the magnet simulation was done in CYCLONE code.  
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MODM03 Equivalent Circuit Model of Cyclotron RF System resonance, cavity, simulation, impedance 39
 
  • M. Mohamadian, H. Afarideh, S. Sabounchi, M. Salehi
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • M. Ghergherehchi
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Cyclotron cavity modeled via electromagnetic circuits in the desired frequency. The design performed according to resonator basis and also cyclotron acceleration requirements with ADS software and compared to simulations made by the CST microwave studio. The scattering parameters obtained for main resonators of the cyclotron and Dee parts as a diaphragm for each of cavity sections and also for the whole structure. All the characteristics modeled and calculated by the electromagnetic rules and theory of resonators from circuit model. Then it analysed with numerical methods for bench-marking. Finally, it shows that the circuit model able to modeled accurately the cyclotron cavity and especially it can estimate precisely the structure parameters without any time consuming numerical method simulations.  
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MODM04 Design of the Fast Scanning Magnets for HUST Proton Therapy Facility proton, simulation, dipole, target 42
 
  • X. Liu, W. Chen, Z.K. Liang
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
  • Q.S. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by Major State Research & Development Program, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305
For implementation of proton therapy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology has planned to construct a 250 MeV/500 nA superconducting cyclotron for proton therapy. In the beam-line, the scanning system spreads out the proton beam on the target according to the complex tumor shape by two magnets for horizontal and vertical scanning independently. As dipole magnets are excited by alternating currents and the maximum repetition rate is up to 100 Hz, the eddy currents are expected to be large. This paper introduces the design of these two scanning magnets and analyzes the eddy current effect. Slits in the end pole are proven to be an effective way to reduce the eddy current. Different directions, distributions and width sizes of slits are simulated and compared to determine the slits arrangement. At last, the maximum temperature of the optimized scanning magnets reaches the temperature requirements. 		 
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MOP02 Physical Design of External Two-Stage Beam Chopping System on the TR 24 Cyclotron neutron, emittance, simulation, ion 45
 
  • J. Stursa, M. Cihak, M. Gotz, V. Zach
    NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
  
  We briefly introduce a new Cyclotron Laboratory of the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences with the new cyclotron TR 24 which was commissioned in October 2015. One of the planned utilization of TR 24 beams is a generation of high-intense fast neutrons fluxes with potential implementation of a chopping system for spectrometric measurements of neutron energy by the Time-of-Flight method. For this purpose, physical design of a new ion-optical beam line was completed as well as comprehensive study of an external fast chopping system on this beam line. A set of home-made programs DtofDeflect have been developed for this system consisting of the first chopper powered by sinusoidal voltage and the second chopper powered by pulse voltage. The programs allow to find the optimum geometric and voltage parameters of the system by the means of mathematical simulations. The chopping system can provide the external 24 MeV proton beam with 2.3 ns pulse length at a repetition period of 236 ns in order to comply with the required pulse length to the repetition period ratio of 1:100.  
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MOP03 Developed Numerical Code Based on the Effects of Space Charge in Central Region of 10 MeV Cyclotron space-charge, ion, ion-source, injection 49
 
  • M. Afkhami Karaei, H. Afarideh, S. Azizpourian, M. Mousavinia, R. Solhju, F. Taft
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  To study of space charge effects in 10 MeV cyclotron of Amirkabir University of Technology the C++ code is developed. This cyclotron is designed to accelerate H− up to 10MeV energy. The important components of cyclotron that effect on calculations of space charge include four sector magnets, 2 RF cavities with 71MHz frequency and internal PIG ion source. Equations of motion and effects of charged particles in electromagnetic field of accelerator are integrated in C++ code. The conventional method, 4-order Runge-Kutta, is used to solve the equations. The results of calculations show space charge effects of beam particles on each other in accelerating process.  
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MOP04 SPES Cyclotron Beamlines neutron, quadrupole, beam-losses, proton 53
 
  • D. Campo, P. Antonini, A. Calore, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, L. Pranovi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  The SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) facility purposes are the production of radioactive beams (RIBs) by ISOL technique, the production and the research on innovative radioisotopes and experiments with high intensity neutron beams. For these reasons the 70p cyclotron, designed by BEST Cyclotron Systems Ins., has been installed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro: it is a machine able to produce a beam current up to 700 μA shared into two extraction channels. Beams at the energy values of 35 MeV, 50 MeV and 70 MeV have to be transported to the experimental areas with specific properties and minimizing the beam losses. Here, the main features of the needed beamlines are described.  
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MOP06 Physical Design of the Extraction Trim-Rods in a 230 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron extraction, acceleration, proton, feedback 61
 
  • D.S. Zhang, M. Li, C. Wang, J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Two electrostatic deflectors are used for beam extraction of the 230 MeV superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230, which is under development at CIAE. Resonance crossing and processional motion are introduced by a first harmonic bump of main field during the beam dynamics design to increase the turn separation and accordingly the extraction efficiency. Four trim-rods of variable depth are employed to generate the desirable field bump for their stability, the amplitude and azimuth of first harmonic bump can be adjusted with different size and depth of trim-rods. However, effect on isochronous field in acceleration region is followed by trim-rods in practice, therefore the base depth of trim-rods need to be designed and re-shimming procedure of main magnet model need to be implemented interactively. The effect of trim-rods and isochronous field production by a new model will be presented in this paper.  
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MOP08 Investigation of Minimized Consumption Power about 10 MeV Cyclotron for Acceleration of Negative Hydrogen ion, ion-source, acceleration, radio-frequency 64
 
  • J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (No. NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096).
SKKUCY-10 cyclotron with 10 MeV particle energy was designed with purpose of production about fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). Design strategy was maximization of accelerating voltage in order to secure the turn separa-tion. Magnet had deep valley type, RF cavity had four stems and one RF power coupler. There was internal ion source for compact design of cyclotron. Specification of cyclotron was analysed by simulating particle dynamics for central region and whole system. AVF cyclotron had 83.2 MHz of radio frequency, 1.36 T of average magnetic field, 40 kV of main accelerating voltage. Phase slip between RF and beam was less than 15 degrees, minimum turn separation was over 2 mm. Specifications of both single beam analysis of reference particle and multi-beam analysis of bunch of particles were calculated by using Cyclone v8.4 and CST-Particle studio codes. 		 
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MOP09 Simulation Code Development for High-Power Cyclotron betatron, resonance, closed-orbit, simulation 68
 
  • C.U. Choi, M. Chung
    UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  • G. Hahn
    KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • J. Lee, T.-Y. Lee, S. Shin
    PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
  
  A high power cyclotron is a good candidate as a driver of the accelerator driven system for the transmutation of long lived nuclear wastes. In this work, a simulation code has been developed for describing the beam dynamics in the high power cyclotron. By including higher order terms in transverse transfer matrix and space charge effects, we expect to describe the beam motion more accurately. The present code can describe equivalent orbit at each energy, calculate the tunes, and also perform multi-particle tracking. We report the initial results of the code for the simulation of a 13 MeV cyclotron. Lastly, an upgrade plan is discussed to add more features and to increase calculating efficiency.  
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MOP10 Numerical Orbit Tracking in 3D Through the Injector Cyclotron for Heavy Ions at iThemba LABS acceleration, extraction, injection, emittance 71
 
  • J.G. De Villiers, J.I. Broodryk, J.L. Conradie, F. Nemulodi, R.W. Thomae
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: Jointly supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (No. 92793) and National Science Foundation of China (No. 11461141003).
The RF and magnetic fields of the injector cyclotron (SPC2) were modelled in 3D with finite element methods, using OPERA-3d, in an effort to determine the cause of the relative poor beam transmission through the machine in the 8-turn mode. Simulation of the particle motion in SPC2 was done using machine operational parameters for acceleration of 20Ne3+. The isochronous magnetic field is calculated from a complete cyclotron magnet model and the electrostatic field distribution from a dee electrode model, using TOSCA. The modelling of the high frequency resonance conditions of the resonators with SOPRANO-EV provided the relative variation of the electric field profiles in the acceleration gaps. A command line program was developed to combine the information of the three models and implement time-dependent control of the electrostatic fields during the particle tracking. In addition, based on calculated data from OPERA-3D, the parallel particle-in-cell code OPAL-CYCL was used to calculate a particle orbit for comparison with OPERA-3d. The models, methods and calculated results will be presented. 		 
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MOP11 Injection Line Studies for the SPC2 Cyclotron at iThemba LABS ion, bunching, space-charge, simulation 75
 
  • F. Nemulodi, J.I. Broodryk, J.L. Conradie, J.G. De Villiers, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, J. Mira, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The transmission efficiency of some ion beams through the second solid-pole injector cyclotron (SPC2) at iThemba LABS requires improvement. In order to understand the beam optics in the injection line, and match the beam to the acceptance of the cyclotron, the beam envelope behaviour from the beginning of injection-line to the inside of the SPC2 cyclotron was investigated with different simulation programs. The transverse effects were taken into account by the beam transport codes TRANSOPTR and TRANSPORT, while the multi particle simulation code OPAL was used to include space-charge effects. Simulations of the effect of an additional buncher, operating at the second harmonic, on the transmission of the beam of charged particles through the cyclotron were made.  
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MOP12 Fast Scanning Beamline Design Applied to Proton Therapy System Based on Superconducting Cyclotrons proton, dipole, emittance, radiation 79
 
  • B. Qin, Q.S. Chen, K. Fan, M. Fan, K.F. Liu, P. Tan
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  • W. Chen, Z.K. Liang, X. Liu, T. Yu
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by The National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305
Proton therapy is recognized as one of the most effec-tive radiation therapy method for cancers. The super-conducting cyclotron becomes an optimum choice for delivering high quality CW proton beam with features including compactness, low power consuming and higher extraction efficiency. This paper introduces de-sign considerations of the beamline with fast scanning features for proton therapy system based on supercon-ducting cyclotrons. The beam optics, the energy selec-tion system (ESS) and the gantry beamline will be de-scribed. 		 
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MOP13 Production of F-18 and Tc-99m Radionuclides using an 11 MeV Proton Accelerating Cyclotron target, proton, positron, radioactivity 83
 
  • I. Kambali, M. Marlina, P. Parwanto, R. Rajiman, H. Suryanto
    BATAN, South Tangerang, Indonesia
  • H. Astarina, N. Huda, R.R. Ismuha, K. Kardinah, F.D. Listiawadi
    Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  
  Funding: The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN)
An 11-MeV proton-accelerating cyclotron has been employed to produce F-18 and Tc-99m radionuclides. In this report, F-18 radionuclide was produced from enriched-water target whereas Tc-99m was generated from natural molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) target. Two recoiled radioactive impurities such as Co-56 and Ag-110m are identified in the F-18 solution whereas N-13 was recognized as an impurity in the Tc-99m production. The Co-56 radionuclidic impurity is presumably sputtered off the havar window in the target system whereas Ag-110m is originally from a silver body housing the enriched water target which is generated by secondary neutron irradiated Ag-109. In addition, N-13 impurity found in the post-irradiated MoO3 target occurs presumably via (p,He-4) nuclear reaction. 		 
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MOP14 Study of the Beam Extraction from Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 extraction, septum, proton, resonance 87
 
  • K.Z. Ding, Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, Y. Chen, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, Y. Song, Y.H. Xie, J. Zheng
    ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
  • O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  According to the agreement between the Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei, China, and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia, the project of superconducting isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy SC200 is under development at JINR. The cyclotron will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current ~1 μA. Extraction system of the beam consists of electrostatic deflector and two passive magnetic channels. Electric field strength in deflector does not exceed 170 kV/cm, gradients of magnetic field in channels are in range 2-4 kG/cm.The first of the channels focusing the beam in horizontal plane is subdivided into four parts. Geometry and magnetic field of two and three bars sub channelsare described. Results of the beam tracking inside extraction system are presented. Efficiency of the beam extraction was estimated for different amplitudes of the betatron oscillations in accelerated beam.  
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MOP16 Beam Optics Considerations for Isotope Production at the PSI Cyclotron Facility target, isotope-production, optics, quadrupole 95
 
  • H. Zhang, J. Grillenberger, M. Seidel
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The isotope production beam line starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels a beam of a few tens of microamperes from a main beam of high intensity up to 2.4 milliamperes. The beam optics has to be fitted with the specifications such as beam size and intensity for a variety of isotope productions. Due to the parasitic nature of the beam line, the beam optics also has to be adjusted along with an occasional change on the main beam intensity. Aiming at an efficient and reliable isotope production, the beam optics is followed on daily base. The operational experience together with the prospect of future development is presented.  
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MOP18 Activities for Isotope Sample Production and Radiation Effect Tests at JULIC/COSY Jülich proton, target, experiment, radiation 98
 
  • O. Felden, M. Bai, R. Gebel, R. Hecker
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  
  At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the intermediate energy cyclotron JULIC, used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and COSY itself, have been enabled to perform low to medium current irradiations. Main task is to support the FZJ radionuclide research programme of INM-5. Target holders of the INM-5 were implemented to the external target station of JULIC to obtain reliable irradiations with 45 MeV protons and 76 MeV deuterons for nuclear reaction cross section measurements and medical radionuclide production. For testing of radiation effects, displacement damage DD and single event effects SEE, with energetic protons for electronics used in space and accelerators the beam can be extracted to a dedicated test stand, e.g. used by Fraunhofer INT. To provide these possibilities up to 2.5 GeV as well one external beamline of the cooler synchrotron COSY will be equipped with a new irradiation station and adaption for the dosimetry systems are done. Different dosimetry systems (PTW Farmer® chambers, Bragg Peak chambers, Gafchromic® dosimetry films) are available to monitor and control the ongoing irradiation. This report briefly summarizes the relevant technical activities.  
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MOP20 Study of Geant4 Simulation for Cyclotron Radioisotope Production in Various Target Size target, simulation, proton, toolkit 105
 
  • S.C. Mun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096
The application of radioisotopes in medical radiology is essential for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The fabrication of radioisotopes has main factors that maximize the fabrication yield and minimize the costs. An effective method to solve this problem is that the usage of Monte Carlo simulations before experimental procedure [1]. This paper studies the simulation and presents cyclotron models for the energy 13 MeV with moderate beam intensity are used for production of 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F isotopes widely applied in positron emission tomography [1]. SKKUCY-13 cyclotrons with high beam intensity are available on the market for production of most medical and industrial isotopes. In this work, the physical and technical parameters of different models are compared. Overall, this confirms the applicability of Monte-Carlo to simulate radionuclide production at 13 MeV proton beam energy. 		 
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MOP21 Test Production of Ti-44 using RFT-30 Cyclotron target, proton, positron, radiation 108
 
  • E.J. Lee, M.G. Hur, Y.B. Kong
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
  
  RFT-30 30 MeV cyclotron has been developed for the production of radioisotopes and their applications. Fluorine-18, which is a widely-used positron emitter, has been produced regularly since 2015. In addition, research on the production of generator radioisotopes has been performed using this cyclotron. A generator means a device used to extract the positron-emitting daughter radioisotope from a source of the decaying parent radioisotope such as Ti-44 and Ge-68. In this research, gold-coated and natural Sc targets were proton-irradiated in order to produce Ti-44. Gamma spectra of irradiated targets were measured to confirm the production of Ti-44.  
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MOP22 Simulation of Optimum Thickness and Configuration of 10 MeV Cyclotron Shield neutron, shielding, radiation, simulation 110
 
  • S. Azizpourian, H. Afarideh, M. Afkhami Karaei, M. Mousavinia
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • F. Abbasi Davani
    Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
  
  Baby Cyclotrons that made in Self-shield type have been employed for use in Medical center for the diagnosis of cancer diseases by positron emission tomography (PET) system. Here in we have done a discussion on gamma and neutron dose rates at a distance of one meter outside of the cyclotron shielding. This shield consist of Lead, polyethylene borated (10% Boron) layers from inside to outside respectively. With increasing the thickness of lead and polyethylene we will see a decrease in the gamma and neutron dose which received by the water phantom at a distance of one meter outside from the surface of the shield of the cyclotron. Note that the gamma and neutron dose at the beginning (without any shielding) was on the order of several thousand μSv per hour that by achieve to a certain amount of thickness of the shield, the dose was reduced to below of the limited level. In this study, the MCNPX Code has been used. In MCNPX Code that used the variance reduction techniques for decreasing relative errors of calculation which was a good method for this case study.  
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MOE01 Coupling of Cyclotrons to Linacs for Medical Applications linac, proton, ion, hadrontherapy 114
 
  • A. Garonna, U. Amaldi, V. Bencini, D. Bergesio, C. Cuccagna, E. Felcini, M. Varasteh Anvar, M. R. Vaziri Sereshk
    TERA, Novara, Italy
  
  Cyclotron and Linac technologies cover the vast majority of accelerator solutions applied to medicine. Cyclotrons with beams of H+/H− around 20 MeV are found for radioisotope production and cyclotrons with beams up to 250 MeV are widely used for protontherapy. Linacs are present in every medium-sized hospital with electron beams up to 20 MeV for radiotherapy and radioimaging. They have also recently become available as commercial products for protontherapy. The coupling of these two strong technologies enables to expand the capabilities of cyclotrons by using linacs as boosters. This opens the way to innovative accelerator systems allowing both radioisotope production and ion beam therapy (cyclinacs), new treatment techniques (high energy proton therapy) and new imaging techniques (proton radiography). This paper provides an overview of the technical challenges linked to coupling cyclotrons to linacs and the various solutions at hand.  
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MOE02 A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for Proton Therapy of Ocular Tumors proton, radiation, ion, target 118
 
  • S. Seidel, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker, C.S.G. Kunert
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
  
  In cooperation with the university hospital Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) provides a proton beam used for radiation therapy of intraocular tumors. The protons are accelerated to 68 MeV by an isochronous cyclotron as the main accelerator. The human eye is a very small and complex organ with several critical structures which must be spared from irradiation as much as possible. Hence radiation therapy with protons is especially convenient due to their well-defined Bragg peak. At the HZB the distal fall off (the distance between 90% and 10% of the dose level) is less than 1 mm in water. Therefore it is crucial to measure the energy and maximum range of the beam with the corresponding high accuracy. A Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC) allows a quick and precise range-measurement of proton beams. We present a MLFC which meets those special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. Results of range-measurements in different energy regions revealing the achievable submillimeter precession are shown; and examples for applications in radiation hardness testing are given.  
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TUA01 Offline Tests with the NSCL Cyclotron Gas Stopper ion, extraction, cryogenics, vacuum 121
 
  • S. Schwarz, K.R. Lund, D.J. Morrissey, J. Ottarson, C. Sumithrarachchi
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Bollen, S. Chouhan, J. DeKamp, M.A. Green, C. Magsig, A.C.C. Villari, A.F. Zeller
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Bollen
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by NSF under grants PHY-09-58726 and PHY-11-02511
Rare isotopes are produced at the NSCL by projectile fragmentation at energies of ~100 MeV/u. The NSCL has successfully used linear gas stopping cells for more than a decade to decelerate projectile fragments to the keV range; first for experiments at low-energy and more recently for reacceleration. A novel reverse-cyclotron has been constructed by the NSCL based on a superconducting sectored-cyclotron magnet and LN2-cooled He gas to confine and slow down the fragments. Efficient stopping is predicted even for light ions that are difficult to thermalize in linear gas cells. The thermalized ions are transported to the center by a radial RF-carpet system, extracted through the yoke with an ion conveyor and accelerated to <60 keV for delivery to users. Measured field profiles have confirmed field calculations. The cryogenic beam-stopping chamber has been installed inside the magnet. The RF ion-guiding components have been tested successfully offline and are being prepared for low-energy ion-transport tests inside the magnet. A summary of the expected performance, the status of the machine, and results from recent low-energy transport tests will be presented. 		 
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TUA02 Challenges in Fast Beam Current Control Inside the Cyclotron for Fast Beam Delivery in Proton Therapy proton, controls, power-supply, target 126
 
  • S. Psoroulas, C. Bula, P. Fernandez Carmona, G. Klimpki, D. Meer, D.C. Weber
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • D.C. Weber
    University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
  
  Funding: G. Klimpki's work is supported by the "Giuliana and Giorgio Stefanini Foundation"
The COMET cyclotron* at PSI has been successfully used to treat patients with static tumors using the spot scanning technique, i.e. sequentially irradiating different positions inside the tumor volume. Irradiation time for each position ranges from micro- to milliseconds, with total treatment duration of about a minute. For some tumors (e.g. lung) physiological motion (e.g. respiration) interferes with the scanning motion of the beam, lowering treatment quality**. For such mobile tumors, we are developing a new technique called continuous line scanning (CLS), aiming at reducing treatment time by more than 50%. In CLS, dose rate should stabilize (within few percent) within tenths of a millisecond. We thus implemented a first prototype for fast, real-time beam control: a PID controller sets the internal electrostatic vertical deflector of the accelerator, regulating the beam current output based on the instantaneous current measured just before the patient and the knowledge of the transmission from the accelerator to the patient. In pre-clinical experiments, we achieved good control of the global dose delivered; open issues will be tackled in the next version of the controller.
*Schippers, J. M., et al (2007). NUCL INSTRUM METH B, 261(1-2), 773–776.
**Phillips, M. H., et al (1992). PMB 37(1), 223–233.
 
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TUA03 New Time Structures Available at the HZB Cyclotron proton, pick-up, extraction, ion 130
 
  • A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  
  While most of the beam time of the cyclotron is used for proton therapy of ocular melanomas, an increasing amount of beam time is used for experiments. In response to a growing demand on time structures a new pulse suppressor was developed. This was necessary as our cyclotron was originally designed for heavy ions, thus limiting us to repetition rates of 75 kHz for light ions. The pulse suppression is now accomplished completely on the low-energy side, making the pulse suppressor on the high energy side, which was needed for single pulses, superfluous. With this new pulse suppressor the repetition rate of the pulse may be varied from 2 MHz down to 1 Hz or less. The pulse length can be freely chosen from a quasi-continuous beam to single pulses with a pulse width less than 1 ns. The pulses are measured either with a specially developed Faraday cup or non-destructively with a pick-up. The extraction of single pulses surveys very precisely if single turn extraction is achieved. The set-up of the pulse suppressor, measurements on the time structures for various beams and examples of their experimental use will be presented.  
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TUA04 Recent Improvements in Beam Delivery with the TRIUMF's 500 MeV Cyclotron target, TRIUMF, extraction, injection 133
 
  • I.V. Bylinskii, R.A. Baartman, K. Jayamanna, T. Planche, Y.-N. Rao
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  TRIUMF's 500 MeV H− Cyclotron, despite its 44 years age is under continuous development. Many aspects of beam delivery have been improved over the last few years. Regular 3-week cusp source filament exchange cycle has advanced to multi-months due to greatly improved filament life time. Fine source tuning allowed beam intensity rise in support of routine extraction of 300 uA of protons. The injection line model has been fully correlated with online measurements that enabled its tuning and matching to the emittance defining slits and the cyclotron entrance. Cyclotron routinely produces 3 simultaneous high intensity beams (~100 uA each). Multiple techniques have been developed to maintain extracted beams intensity stability within ± 1%. Record extraction foil life times in excess of 500 mA-hours have been demonstrated with highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite foil material and improvements in foil holder. Beam rastering on ISOL target allowed higher yields. A single user extraction at 100 MeV was achieved by applying phase slip and deceleration inside the cyclotron.  
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TUB02 Updated Physics Design of the DAEδALUS and IsoDAR Coupled Cyclotrons for High Intensity H2+ Beam Production ion, simulation, injection, ion-source 137
 
  • D. Winklehner
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  
  The Decay-At-rest Experiment for deltaCP violation At a Laboratory for Underground Science (DAEδALUS)* and the Isotope Decay-At-Rest experiment (IsoDAR)** are proposed experiments to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector, and 'sterile' neutrinos, respectively. In order to be decisive within 5 years, the neutrino flux and, consequently, the driver beam current (produced by chained cyclotrons) must be high. H2+ was chosen as primary beam ion in order to reduce the electrical current and thus space charge. This has the added advantage of allowing for stripping extraction at the exit of the DAEδALUS Superconducting Ring Cyclotron (DSRC). The primary beam current is higher than current cyclotrons have demonstrated which has led to a substantial R&D effort of our collaboration in the last years. I will present the results of this research, including tests of prototypes and highly realistic beam simulations***, which led to the latest physics-based design. The presented results suggest that it is feasible, albeit challenging, to accelerate 5 mA of H2+ to 60 MeV/amu in a compact cyclotron and boost it to 800 MeV/amu in the DSRC with clean extraction in both cases.
*The DAEδALUS collaboration, arXiv:1307.2949, 2013
**A. Bungau, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., Bd. 109, Nr. 14, p. 141802, 2012
***J. Yang, et al., NIM-A 704 (11), 84-91 , 2013
 		 
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TUB04 Acceleration of Polarized Deuteron Beams with RIBF Cyclotrons ion, acceleration, extraction, ion-source 145
 
  • N. Sakamoto, N. Fukunishi, M. Kase, K. Suda
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • K. Sekiguchi
    Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan
  
  We have recently performed experiments with polarized deuteron beams at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). Tensor- and vector-polarized deuterons were produced using the RIKEN polarized ion source (PIS), which is an atomic-beam-type ion source equipped with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ionizer, and were accelerated to 190 MeV/u, 250 MeV/u, and 300 MeV/u with a cyclotron cascade. To measure the various spin observables, the spin orientation of the deuteron beams was freely directed by using a Wien filter. The advantage of this method is that since the velocity of the deuteron is low the size of a magnet required for the spin rotation is very compact. On the other hand it is crucial to realize strict single-turn extraction for each cyclotron because the cyclotron magnetic field causes precession of the deuteron spin resulting in a deviation between its spin orientation and the beam propagation direction. This paper describes the acceleration of the polarized deuteron beams by the RIBF accelerators and the method to confirm single-turn extraction.  
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TUC01 100 MeV H− Cyclotron Development and 800 MeV Proton Cyclotron Proposal proton, ion, target, ion-source 149
 
  • T.J. Zhang, J.J. Yang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Since the last cyclotron conference in Vancouver, significant milestones have been achieved on the BRIF (Beijing Radioactive-Ion Beam Facility) project. On July 4, 2014 the first 100MeV proton beam was extracted from the H− compact cyclotron. The cyclotron passed beam stability test with beam current of 25 μA for about 9 hours operation. In the year of 2015, the first radioactive ion beam of K-38 was produced by the ISOL system, and the beam current on the internal target of the 100 MeV cyclotron was increased to 720 μA. In the year of 2016, the cyclotron was scheduled to provide 1000 hours beam time for proton irradiation experiment, single-particle effects study and proof-of-principle trial on the proton radiography technology. It is also planed to build a specific beam line for proton therapy demonstration on the 100 MeV machine. In this talk, I will also introduce our new proposal of an 800 MeV, room temperature separate-sector proton cyclotron, which is proposed to provide 3~4 MW proton beam for versatile applications, such as neutron and neutrino physics, proton radiography and nuclear waste treatment.  
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TUC02 Charge Stripper Ring for Cyclotron Cascade acceleration, ion, heavy-ion, lattice 155
 
  • H. Imao
    RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
  • N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, K. Yamada, Y. Yano
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  In the multi-stage acceleration of heavy ions such as the acceleration at the RIKEN RI beam factory (RIBF), the electron stripping process with charge strippers is an inevitable process for the efficient acceleration. Typical efficiencies, however, for the charge-state conversion of very heavy ions are about 15-30% with common charge strippers. Actually, the total efficiency of two charge strippers for the uranium acceleration at the RIBF is only 6%. The low conversion efficiency is an important bottleneck for the intensity upgrade. Multi-charge acceleration proposed in the FRIB project is a unique method for linac to drastically increase the low conversion efficiency. The method, unfortunately, is not applicable for the ring accelerators such as cyclotrons. In the present study, we designed high-efficient charge stripper rings which have applicability to the cyclotron cascade using the technical knowledge of gas stripper recently developed at the RIBF.  
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TUC03 Extraction by Stripping in the IFNS-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron: Study of the Extraction Trajectories extraction, ion, simulation, quadrupole 160
 
  • G. D'Agostino, L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron will be upgraded to allow for the extraction by stripping for ion beams with masses below 40 amu. By choosing properly the position of the stripper, it is possible to convoy the trajectories of the selected representative ion beams across a new extraction channel (E.C.). Here we report the design study for the new E.C. and the simulations of the beam envelopes for a set of ions to find out the parameters of the magnetic channels necessary to focus and to steer the beams through the new extraction line. Two new compensation bars have been designed to compensate the first harmonic contribution of the new magnetic channels. The results of these simulations will be also presented.  
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TUP02 Cold Cathode Ion Source for IBA CYCLONE®230 cathode, ion, power-supply, ion-source 164
 
  • P. Cailliau, J.C. Amelia, J. Brison, E. Forton
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon
    AIMA, Nice, France
  
  At IBA, we use a P.I.G. floating cathode ion source for injection in the CYCLONE®230 cyclotron. The purpose of the project is to investigate how the pre-sent ion source could be replaced by a P.I.G. cold cathodes one with a longer lifetime. Experiments de-scribed in this article were done on a dedicated test setup to benchmark the different modes. A new chimney design has been developed to test cold cath-ode mode in CYCLONE®230 without any other me-chanical modifications.  
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TUP03 Extraction System Design for the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radioisotope Production target, extraction, site, ion 167
 
  • W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton, E.K. Kral, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  At IBA, we have designed, constructed, tested and industrialized an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production. The design has been optimized for costeffectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application and market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target number. This is achieved by proper design and shaping of the magnet poles. This magnetic design is discussed together with beam dynamics simulations and beam extraction tests on the first machine.  
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TUP04 Magnet Design of the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radio-isotope Production extraction, ion, magnet-design, proton 170
 
  • S. Zaremba, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  An innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET radioisotope production has been designed, constructed, tested and industrialized at Ion Beam Applications (IBA) [1]. This cyclotron (patent application pending) produces 18MeV proton beam and is called the Cyclone® KIUBE. The design has been optimized for cost-effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performance, which are key elements considering its application in the dedicated market. Compared to the previous 18 MeV protons and 9 MeV deuteron machine from IBA, Cyclone® 18/9, the gap between the poles has been reduced from 30 to 24 mm and the method of shimming to obtain isochronous magnetic field has been reviewed thoroughly. In early 2016, the prototype Cyclone® KIUBE was successfully commissioned at the IBA factory and the observed proton beam intensity outperformed Cyclone® 18/9.  
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TUP05 Installation and Commissioning of the First Cyclone®70p target, ion, proton, beam-transport 173
 
  • B. Nactergal, J.L. Delvaux, J.-M. Geets, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, T. Vanderlinden, R. Vigneron, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  In October 2013, IBA sold its first Cyclone®70p, ex-tracted 70 MeV proton machine to Zevacor Pharma, Indianapolis, IN, USA. This brand new machine combine the advantages of the design of the Cyclone®30 HC (1,5mA extracted beam) and the Cyclone®70 XP (multi-particle). Moreover, this high energy cyclotron has been optimized for H− ions acceleration, activation reduction and long term beam production. The installation will be used for high power and long term irradiations of rubidium Rb targets to produce stron-tium 82Sr generator applied in the field of cardiac imaging. From cyclotron to beam lines and up to the target sta-tion, all subsystems have been reviewed to reach highest level of quality, reduce the activation (by the use of low activation material and reduction of beam losses) and finally optimized the maintenance. For that delivery, the machine will be equipped with 6 beam transport lines and 2 solid target station units. In June 2015, about 21 months after contract signature, the IBA Factory Acceptance Tests have been successfully performed in Belgium and the machine was shipped to Indianapolis, IN, USA to be installed in Customer factory cyclotron vault.  
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TUP06 Design of the Cyclone®70p vacuum, cavity, proton, acceleration 175
 
  • S. Zaremba, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  The IBA CYCLONE®70p is a high intensity 70 MeV proton-only cyclotron dedicated to the production of radioisotopes for PET generators and SPECT. The nominal power of the extracted beam goes above 50kW (750μA@70MeV). The proton-only cyclotron was developed based on the previous experience of the multi-particle Cyclone® 70XP running in Nantes, France. Numerical tools have been extensively used to optimize the magnetic field, to avoid potentially harmful resonances during acceleration and improve the acceleration efficiency of the cyclotron. In addition, electromagnetic and mechanical calculations permitted to obtain a low dissipated power and electromechanically robust design of the RF system. The vacuum computations have permitted to optimize the beam transmission, the placement and type of cryopumps. This new development of CYCLONE®70p was the initial part of the successfully finished IBA project also presented during this conference [1].  
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TUP07 Commissioning and Testing of the First IBA S2C2 emittance, acceleration, timing, proton 178
 
  • S. Henrotin, M. Abs, E. Forton, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  The first unit of the IBA superconducting synchrocyclotron (S2C2) has been installed in Nice, France, and is currently being commissioned. In this communication, we will present some issues encountered during the commissioning of our first synchrocyclotron for protontherapy. We will mainly focus on beam aspects, showing the influence of several machine parameters on beam properties like stability, energy and intensity.  
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TUP08 The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron ion, target, ion-source, experiment 181
 
  • S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra
    Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA
  • N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov
    Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
  • I. Pavlovsky
    ANI, Austin, USA
  
  This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 1,8 times more in compare with specification. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.  
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TUP09 Diagnostic Tool and Instrumentation for Handling 50 kW Beam Power diagnostics, instrumentation, proton, shielding 184
 
  • P. Antonini, E. Boratto, A. Calore, D. Campo, J. Esposito, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, M. Poggi, L. Pranovi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  The SPES facility is entered the commissioning phase and the 70 MeV cyclotron is delivering the proton beams at the maximum power permitted. The INFN team has developed additional beam instrumentation in order to stop the particles at different power allowing the tuning of the beamline and to check the particles losses during the transport. In particular, a beam dumper able to stop up to 55kW beam power has been constructed and tested as well as the beam loss monitor system by INFN team. Here we present the status of the beam instrumentations supplied by INFN and the results achieved during the test with the beam.  
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TUP10 A New Concept of High Current Power Supply for the Main Cyclotron Magnet at TRIUMF power-supply, controls, TRIUMF, interface 186
 
  • S. Carrozza, F. Burini, E. Ferrari, M.P. Pretelli, G.T. Taddia
    OCEM, Valsamoggia, Italy
  • M.C. Bastos, G. Hudson, Q. King, G. Le Godec
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • I.V. Bylinskii, W. L. Louie, R.B. Nussbaumer
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  A sophisticated power supply was studied and de-signed to supply a high current to the main magnet of the TRIUMF cyclotron. The power supply will be operated with a current up to 20000 A in DC mode. It has been designed using a modular approach, with a 12-pulse input rectifier and two DC link which feeds sixteen DC/DC chopper modules in parallel connection. The conceived power supply integrates a sophisticated control and a precise current measurement chain devel-oped at CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper presents the solution described in the de-sign report, the choice of the main purchased components which will lead to a final assembly and test before the end of 2016.  
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TUP11 Developments of Ion Sources, LEBT and Injection Systems for Cyclotrons at RCNP injection, ion, emittance, ion-source 190
 
  • T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, T. Kume, S. Morinobu, T. Saito, R. Yamanoshita, Y. Yasuda
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  
  Developments of injection systems for cyclotrons at Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) Osaka University have been carried recently in order to improve the high intense ions in MeV region. The additional glazer lens on axial injection of AVF cyclotron has been installed to expand the beam accectance of cyclotron. Additional buncher for the heavy ion injection like Xe beam which requires high voltage in comparison with proton case also has been installed. Extension of baffle slits on injection line of Ring Cyclotron also has been done to extend the flexibility of injection orbit. Modification of low energy beam transport (LEBT) from ion sources to AVF injection axis including the development of fast emittance monitors also has been carried. Each component works well.  
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TUP12 High Accuracy Cyclotron Beam Energy Measurement using Cross-correlation Method pick-up, proton, experiment, real-time 193
 
  • A.M. Hendy, F.M. Alrumayan
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • H.A. Kassim, K. Kezzar
    KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  
  Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP strategic technologies program in the kingdom. Award No. (14-MAT-1233-20)
This work discusses a method to measure the protons energy from the CS 30 Cyclotron at KFSHRC. Using two Fast Current Transformers (FCT), particles' Time of Flight (ToF) can be accurately determined by using windowed cross-correlation method. Existing techniques use pulse width or edge delay measurement to get the ToF. The accuracy of these methods, however, is limited by sampling rate, signal level, noise, and distortion. By using Cross-Correlation and interpolation, on the other hand, a fractional delay measurement can be obtained, and the system works with low level signals, i.e. high S/N ratio. During experiments, time delay measured between the two signals was 9.4023 ns. By using relativistic equations cyclotron energy was calculated and found to be 25.99 MeV, bearing in mind that cyclotron energy (mentioned in the CS30 manual) is 26.5 MeV for protons. The difference between actual and calculated energy was <2%. Results will be further discussed and analyzed.
S. Varnasseri et al., "Test Bench Experiments for Energy Measurement and Beam Loss of ESS-BILBAO", Proceedings of IBIC2013, Oxford, UK, 2013.
 		 
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TUP13 Magnetic Field Measurement System of CS-30 Cyclotron ion, resonance, extraction, data-acquisition 196
 
  • F.M. Alrumayan, A. Algaith, A.M. Hendy, J.F. Schneider
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • SA. AL-Ghamdi, H.A. Kassim
    KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  
  Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP strategic technologies program in the kingdom. – Award No. (14-MAT-1233-20).
The magnetic field of the CS-30 Cyclotron at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) has been measured using Hall probe-based mapping system. Although the CS-30 Cyclotron was under full operation for 3 decades, yet, it was crucial to evaluate the stability of beam orbits, particularly after stripping the cyclotron coils and its three sectors. The rational for stripping magnetic component was to replace the pole tip seal underneath the frame. The Hall probe was mounted on a high precision X – Y stage, which was driven by three stepping motors, two motors for X – axis and one motor for Y – axis. The 3MH5 digital Teslameter is a high performance magnetic field measuring instrument, based on the Hall Effect magnetic field – to – voltage transducer. It has digital data correction to provide 0.01% accuracy and it provides the possibility of automatic data acquisition via USB port of our computer. Results have shown an average field of 1.8 T. Further results will be presented and discussed. 		 
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TUP14 The Assembly and Adjustment of the Second Stripping Probe System for CYCIAE-100 controls, proton, extraction, PLC 199
 
  • Shizhong. An, L.C. Cao, X.L. Fu, Z.G. Li, G.S. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, Y. Wang, L.P. Wen, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  A 100 MeV H− compact cyclotron is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CYCIAE-100). The proton beams ranging from 75 MeV - 100 MeV with 200 μA beam intensity will be extracted in dual opposite direction by charge exchange stripping devices. The stripping probe system is the key part of extraction system for CYCIAE-100. The first stripping extraction system was installed in 2014 and it has satisfied all kinds of requirements for the proton beam extraction. The first 100 MeV proton beam was got on July 4, 2014 and the beam current was stably maintained at above 25 μA for about 9 hours on July 25, 2014. The first RIB with ISOL system driven by 100 MeV proton beam was generated in 2015. The second stripping system was installed in 2015 after the assembly and adjustment. The beam commissioning based on the second stripping system will be finished and the extracted proton beam parameters will be measured in detail in this year.  
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TUP16 The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron operation, controls, target, vacuum 205
 
  • Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.  
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TUP17 Preliminary Design of RF System for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron cavity, coupling, proton, simulation 208
 
  • G. Chen, Y.F. Bi, C. Chao, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, H. Feng, Y. Song, S.Y. Wang, M. Xu, Q. Yang, X. Zhang, J. Zheng, J. Zhou
    ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
  • O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The SC200 is a compact superconducting cyclotron, which is designed under the collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China)-JINR (Dubna, Russia), for proton therapy. The protons are accelerated to 200 Mev with maximum beam current of 500 nA. The very high mean magnetic field of 2.9T-3.5T (center-extraction) challenges the design of radio frequency (RF) system because of the restricted space. The orbital frequency of the protons is ~45 MHz according to the magnetic field and beam dynamics. The RF system is supposed to operate on 2rd harmonic of ~90 MHz. Two Dee cavities located at the valley of the magnet have been adopted. The preliminary design of RF system, which consists of active tuning, coupling and so on, is presented. The computation and simulation showed good results to ensure the Dee cavities operating at the 2rd harmonic and the proper variation of acceleration voltage versus radius.  
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TUP19 Neural Network Based Generalized Predictive Control for RFT-30 Cyclotron System controls, network, simulation, target 212
 
  • Y.B. Kong, M.G. Hur, E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Yang
    KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
  • Y.D. Park
    Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
  
  Beamline tuning is time consuming and difficult work in accelerator system. In this work, we propose a neural generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach for the RFT-30 cyclotron beamline. The proposed approach performs system identification with the NN model and finds the control parameters for the beamline. Performance results show that the proposed approach helps to predict optimal parameters without real experiments with the accelerator.  
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TUP22 PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier vacuum, PLC, controls, operation 215
 
  • H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096)
Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10 		 
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TUP23 Development of Magnetic Field Measurement Instrumentation for 10 MeV Cyclotron instrumentation, proton, positron, LabView 218
 
  • H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, H.J. Choi, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, W.J. Jun, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  To produce a radio isotope for Positron Emission To-mography (PET), 10 MeV compact Cyclotron was in-stalled at Sungkyunkwan University. This cyclotron had been produced 10 MeV proton beam. For this cyclotron magnet, the magnetic field measurement instrumentation was being developed. The hall probe sensor was used for field measurement. This hall probe sensor moves radial direction and angular direction by mechanically. The Magnetic field measurement instrumentation measures the field in the range of 5 mm for radial direction and 1 degree for angular direction. Magnetic field was measured with and without cooling. Magnetic field was carried with 4 Gauss without cooling and 0.1 Gauss with cooling. Our developed magnetic field measurement instrumentation has 0.1 Gauss of an error and 0.01 Gauss of resolution over 9 hours.  
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TUP25 The Methods of Compensation of the Beam Vertical Divergence at the Exit of Spiral Inflector in Cyclotrons ion, quadrupole, focusing, operation 221
 
  • I.A. Ivanenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  While the axial injection into the cyclotron, the beam is turned from axial direction into median plane by means of inflector. Commonly used type of inflector is an electrostatic spiral inflector. The spiral inflector is easy to handle and has a good beam transmission factor. On the other hand, the negative feature of spiral inflector is the beam vertical divergence at the exit of inflector. It leads to increasing of beam vertical dimension and aperture losses at the first orbits. The methods of compensation of the beam vertical divergence at the inflector exit are considered at present report. This methods are used at FLNR JINR cyclotrons and give a good results in transmission factor, beam quality and operation modes.  
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TUP26 Axial Injection Channel of IPHC Cyclotron TR24 and Possibility of Ion Beam Bunching ion, bunching, injection, simulation 224
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • F.R. Osswald
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  
  The CYRCé cyclotron (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et l'Enseignement) is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics and medical treatments. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI (Canada) delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 microA. The bunching of the H− ion beam by means of multi harmonic buncher is considered in this report. The buncher may be installed in the axial injection beam line of the cyclotron. The using of the greed-less multi harmonic buncher will give opportunity to new proton beam applications and to increase the accelerated beam current. The main parameters of the sinusoidal (one-harmonic) and multi harmonic bunchers are evaluated.  
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TUP27 The Design of the Medical Cyclotron RF Cavity cavity, simulation, extraction, ion 227
 
  • X.W. Wang, F. Yong, R. Zhang
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  In the cyclotron, RF system as an essential component provides energy for the ions is accelerated. However, the RF cavity is the most important equipment which produced the accelerating field. According to the physical requirements, RF cavity, the resonant frequency of that is 31.02 MHz, was designed in the paper.  
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TUD01 Compact Medical Cyclotrons and their use for Radioisotope Production and Multi-disciplinary Research ion, target, ion-source, detector 229
 
  • S. Braccini
    LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
  
  Compact medical cyclotrons are conceived for radioisotope production in a hospital-based environment. Their design in terms of field shape, stability and RF is aimed at obtaining high intensity (~150 microamps) beams at kinetic energies of the order of 20 MeV. To guarantee high performances, an optimization procedure during the commissioning phase is crucial as well as a regular preventive maintenance. Beyond radioisotope production, these accelerators can be the heart of a multi-disciplinary research facility once access to the beam area and beams down to the pA range are possible. The first requirement can be achieved by means of an external beam transport line, which leads the beam to a second bunker with independent access. Currents down to the pA range can be obtained by specific ion source, RF and magnetic field tuning procedures, opening the way to nuclear and detector physics, radiation protection, radiation bio-physics and ion beam analysis developments. On the basis of the experience gained with the cyclotron at the Bern University Hospital, the accelerator physics aspects of compact medical cyclotrons will be discussed together with their scientific potential.  
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TUD02 Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax operation, emittance, controls, injection 235
 
  • F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, J.B. Etienne, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, A. Herbert, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, D. Poyac, H. Trichet
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  • S. Girault, F. Poirier
    CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France
  • C. Huet
    EMN, Nantes, France
  • E. Mace
    INSERM, Nantes, France
  
  Funding: This work has been supported in part by a grant from the French National Agency for Research called "Investissements d'Avenir", Equipex ArronaxPlus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004.
The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 μA and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper. 		 
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TUD03 Development of the Cyclone® Kiube: A Compact, High Performance and Self-Shielded Cyclotron for Radioisotope Production ion, target, ion-source, shielding 238
 
  • B. Nactergal, M. Abs, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  About 15 months ago, at IBA, we have launched the design, construction, tests and industrialization of an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production (patent applications pending). The design has been optimized for cost effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance, activation reduction and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application on market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target position.  
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TUD04 BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro target, acceleration, operation, vacuum 241
 
  • V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti
    Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  • T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu
    BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.  
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WEA01 Some Examples of Recent Progress of Beam-Dynamics Studies for Cyclotrons space-charge, simulation, injection, extraction 244
 
  • W.J.G.M. Kleeven
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  Two subjects are highlighted. The first is the problem of high space charge effects in cyclotrons. The second is the the progress in development of tools and simulations for industrial and medical cyclotrons at IBA.  
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WEA02 Simulation of the Beam Dynamics in the Axial Injection Beam Line of FLNR JINR DC280 Cyclotron ion, injection, ion-source, ECR 251
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  DC280 is novel cyclotron which is created at the FLNR JINR. It allows to accelerate the ions of elements from Helium to Uranium with the mass to charge ratio in the range of 4 to 7.5 providing ion currents up to 10 pμA. The simulation of ion beam dynamics in the high voltage axial injection beam line of DC280 cyclotron is presented. One part of the injection system is placed at the HV platform and other part is in the grounded yoke of the DC-280 magnet. The 3D electromagnetic field maps of the focusing solenoids, analyzing magnet, accelerating tube and spherical electrostatic deflector are used during this simulation. The calculated efficiency of ion beam transportation is equal to 100%  
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WEA03 Space-charge Simulation of TRIUMF 500 MeV Cyclotron space-charge, TRIUMF, simulation, focusing 254
 
  • T. Planche, R.A. Baartman, I.V. Bylinskii, Y.-N. Rao
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Funding: TRIUMF also receives federal funding via a contribution agreement through the National Research Council of Canada.
We present a method to improve computation efficiency of space charge simulations in cyclotrons. This method is particularly efficient for simulating long bunches where length is large compared to both transverse size and turn separation. We show results of application to space charge effects in the TRIUMF 500 MeV cyclotron. 		 
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WEB01 A New Digital Low-level RF Control System for Cyclotrons controls, FPGA, EPICS, operation 258
 
  • W. Duckitt, J. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, M.J. Van Niekerk
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • T.R. Niesler
    Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
  
  Stable control of amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) system is critical to the operation of cyclotrons. It directly influences system performance, operability, reliability and beam quality. iThemba LABS operates 13 RF systems between 8 and 81 MHz and at power levels of 50 W to 150 kW. A critical drive has been to replace the 30 year old analog RF control system with modern technology. To this effect a new generic digital low-level RF control system has been designed. The system is field programmable gate array (FPGA) based and is capable of synthesizing RF signals between 5 and 100 MHz in steps of 1 μHz. It can achieve a closed-loop amplitude stability of greater than 1/10000 and a closed-loop phase stability of less than 0.01°. Furthermore, the system is fully integrated with the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and all system and diagnostic parameters are available to the Control System Studio clients. Three prototypes of the system have been in operation since November 2014. A general analysis of RF control systems as well as the methodology of design, implementation, operational performance and future plans for the system is presented.  
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WEB02 Hybrid Configuration, Solid State-Tube, Revamps an Obsolete Tube Amplifier for the INFB K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron operation, cathode, impedance, network 263
 
  • A.C. Caruso, F. Caruso, A. Longhitano, A. Spartà
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • G. Primadei
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • J. Sura
    Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
  
  An insertion of a solid state amplifier is substituting the obsolete first stage of a full tube RF power amplifier. The amplifier is based on two tube stages. The first, equipped by a tetrode, the RS1054, was being manufactured by Thales until a couple of years ago. Some spare parts have been ordered but not enough to guarantee smooth cyclotron operation for the next few years. It was necessary to come up with a new solution. We were basically at a crossroad: replace the first stage with another tube still in production or change the technology from tube to solid state. A study, from market research to the technology point of view was carried out and the final decision was to use a solid state stage as an innovative solution for this kind of power vs frequency range of operation. The prototype of this hybrid amplifier has been in operation with our cyclotron since January 2015. The details of these decisions, the description of the modified amplifier (solid state – tube) and the successful results of this hybrid configuration will be shown in this presentation.  
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WEB03 Design and Simulation of Cavity for 18 MeV Cyclotron cavity, coupling, simulation, impedance 267
 
  • M. Mousavinia, H. Afarideh
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • M. Ghergherehchi
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  RF system is the key part of cyclotron and cavity is the key part of RF system. The basic parameters of cavity design are the resonant frequency , dee voltage , RF phase and RF power. Proper operation of cavity depends on the suitable voltage distribution in accelerating gap, phase stability in cavity and as well as optimal scattering parameters. In this simulation by using CST MWS, different parts of cavity such as stam and dee are optimized to achieved optimum dimesnsions for desired resonant freq, dee voltage and RF power. Properties of designed cavity including: resonant frequency at 64.3 MHz, dee voltage is 45 kV and RF power is 11 kW.  
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WEB04 A Coupled Cyclotron Solution for Carbon Ions Acceleration ion, injection, extraction, acceleration 270
 
  • V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  A concept of coupled cyclotrons for acceleration of carbon ions (charge 6+) to 400 MeV/nucleon by a separated sector cyclotron consisting of six sector magnets with superconducting coils is proposed. Injection to the machine will be provided by a compact 70 MeV/nucleon cyclotron. The accelerator complex is intended for setting up a radiation therapy facility employing carbon ions. The advantages of the dual cyclotron design are typical of cyclotron-based solutions. The first design studies of the sector magnet of the main cyclotron (magnetic field increases from 4.2 T to 6.5 T, RF frequency 73.56 MHz, RF mode 6) show that it is feasible with acceptable beam dynamics. The accelerator has a relatively compact size (outer diameter of 8 m) and can be an alternative to synchrotrons.  
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THA02 New Developments at iThemba LABS ion, controls, ion-source, target 274
 
  • J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, F. Nemulodi, G. Pfeiffer, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  iThemba LABS has been in operation for more than 30 years and is now at a stage at which refurbishment and ' in some cases ' replacement of the infrastructure and critical components is required. The replacement and refurbish-ment of the cooling system, which include the cooling tow-ers and chillers, the 4.4-MVA uninterruptable power sup-ply batteries and other critical components, are discussed. Progress with a facility for low-energy radioactive ion beams will be reported on. A proposal to remove radioiso-tope production from the separated sector cyclotron (SSC) and the production of the future radioisotopes with a com-mercial 70-MeV cyclotron to make more beam time avail-able for nuclear physics research with the SSC will also be discussed. Developments on our electron cyclotron reso-nance ion sources, the PIG ion source and low-level digital RF control system have also been carried out. Good pro-gress with integration of the existing control system to an EPICS control system has been made. The adoption of EtherCAT as our new industrial communication standard has enabled integration with much off-the-shelf motion, actuator and general interface hardware.  
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THA03 Development of FLNR JINR Heavy Ions Accelerator Complex (DRIBs III) ion, extraction, heavy-ion, ion-source 278
 
  • B. Gikal, S.L. Bogomolov, S.N. Dmitriev, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, Y.T. Oganessian, N.F. Osipov, S.V. Pashchenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The cyclotrons of U-400, U-400M, and IC-100 are in operation in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions for implementation of scientific program and applied research. Total operation time of these accelerators is about 15000 hours per year. One of the basic scientific programs in FLNR is the synthesis of new elements that demands intensive beams of heavy ions. Now U-400 is capable to provide long-term experiments on 48Ca beam with intensity of 1 pμA. The high-intensity DC-280 cyclotron has been developed in FLNR in order to increase the 48Ca beam intensity up to 10 pμA for this task. The cyclotron U-400 has been in operation since 1978. The U-400 modernization into U-400R is planned to start after finishing DC-280 project. At the U-400M cyclotron, we plan to increase the ion energy of the extracted beam, which now is limited by 55 MeV/nucleon. The IC-100 is used in the laboratory as a specialized machine for applied research on the heavy ion beams with energies of 1 - 1.2 MeV/nucleon.  
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THA04 Status of the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute ion, ECRIS, target, rfq 281
 
  • D.P. May, J. Arje, L.N. Gathings, B.T. Roeder, A. Saastamoinen
    Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
  • F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
    Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
  
  Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
Both the K500 superconducting cyclotron and the older K150 (88”) conventional cyclotron at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute are in constant use for both experimental physics and chemistry as well as for customer-based, radiation-effects testing. In addition, an upgrade program using the K150 as a driver for the production of radioactive beams to then be accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron is ongoing. Both a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide are being developed for this purpose. The status of the cyclotrons and of the associated electron-cyclotron-resonance ion sources and the H-minus ion source used on the K150 as well as the status of the upgrade are presented. 		 
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THB01 The S2C2: From Source to Extraction proton, extraction, injection, resonance 285
 
  • J. van de Walle, M. Abs, E. Forton, S. Henrotin, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon
    AIMA, Nice, France
  
  Apart from being the first constructed superconducting accelerator, the S2C2 is also the first synchro-cyclotron at IBA. To study the beam dynamics, new computational tools had to be developed dealing with much larger number of turns, the longitudinal capture in the central region and the regenerative extraction. The S2C2 is a medical accelerator requiring a precise control of the beam characteristics so a deep understanding of beam dynamics is mandatory. Our simulation strategy allows to gain important insight in the acceleration process and beam characteristics: the beam emittance and energy spread, beam losses, effects of coil misalignments, median plane errors, resonances, etc. The simulation tools are split in three parts. At first, protons are tracked from the source up to about 3 MeV with the in-house tracking code AOC. In a second part, only the energy, RF phase and orbit centers are tracked as a function of time. Finally, a detailed tracking from 225 MeV up to extraction is performed with AOC. Simulations are compared to experimental observations during in-factory testing and commissioning of the first S2C2 installed in Nice, France.  
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THB02 The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes ion, target, ion-source, controls 290
 
  • J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu
    Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.  
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THB04 Status of Hydrogen Ion Sources at PKU ion, ion-source, operation, proton 297
 
  • S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang
    PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • A.L. Zhang
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China No. 2014CB845502 and the National Science Foundation of China No. 91126004, 11175009 and 11305004.
Cyclotrons are quite often to be used to accelerate different hydrogen ion beams with high intensity for different purposes around the World. At Peking University (PKU), special efforts were made on developing compact 2.45 GHz microwave driven ion sources with permanent magnets to generate high intensity H+, H2+, H3+ and H− ion beams as well as other ion beams. For the positive ion beam, we can easily produce a 120 mA hydrogen ion beam with H+ fraction higher than 92% with a PKU standard 2.45 GHz ECR ion source. Its diameter is about 100 mm, its hight is about 100 mm. Also we have got 40 mA H2+ beam and 20 mA H3+ beam with a specific designed 2.45 GHz ECR ion source under different operation condition. The fractions of H2+ and H3+ are higher than 50% within the mixed hydrogen ion beams for each case. Recently, a Cs-free volume H− source based on 2.45 GHz microwave was developed successfully in our lab. It can generate 45 mA H− beam with duty factor of 10% and a 29 mA beam at DC mode at 35 keV. Its operation duty factor can vary from 1% to 100% and its power efficiency is about 20 mA/kW. Details of these sources will be presented in the paper. 		 
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THP02 Planning Considerations for Radioisotope Production Cyclotron Projects - Regulatory Feedback operation, controls, target, shielding 303
 
  • A.N. Alwani
    CNSC, Ottawa, Canada
  
  Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in projects to build, operate or upgrade cyclotrons in Canada. This is largely driven by their increased use for the production of radioisotopes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect health, safety, security and the environment in Canada. Its mandate includes the oversight of particle accelerators. The CNSC regulates the full life cycle of such facilities, with regulatory oversight though construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning activities. This paper outlines common practices for such projects, highlighting the particular aspects that should be considered in the early stages of project planning and providing examples of best practices and challenges that, if properly addressed, help ensure continued safe operation of the facility through its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the necessary elements of effective planning for such projects, touching on layout and space considerations; workload projection and maximum research capacity; shielding penetrations; cooling water circuit activity; storage of active components; management of radioactive waste from cyclotron and processing labs; construction and commissioning project management; integration of equipment safety systems and building safety systems; nuclear ventilation and filtration options; and strategies for staffing and training.  
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THP03 Operation and Maintenance of RF System of 520 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron operation, TRIUMF, simulation, vacuum 307
 
  • N.V. Avreline, T. Au, C.D. Bartlett, I.V. Bylinskii, B. Jakovljevic, V. Zvyagintsev
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  • C.D. Bartlett
    University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada
  
  1 MW CW 23 MHz RF system of the TRIUMF 520 MeV Cyclotron has been in operation for over 40 years. Continuous development of the RF power amplifiers, the waveguide system and of the measurement and protection devices provides reliable operation and improves the performance of the RF System. In this article, operation and maintenance procedure of this RF system are analyzed and recent as well as future upgrades are being analyzed and discussed. In particular, we discuss the improvements of the transmission line's VSWR monitor and their effect on the protection of the RF system against RF breakdowns and sparks. We discuss the new version of input circuit that was installed, tested and is currently used in the final stage of RF power amplifier. We analyze various schematics and configurations of the Intermediate Power Amplifier (IPA) to be used in the future. The thermo-condition improvements of the Dee voltage probe's rectifiers are described.  
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THP04 Status of the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC ion, operation, ion-source, experiment 310
 
  • H.P. May, M. Bai, O. Felden, R. Gebel
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  
  The institute for nuclear physics IKP-4 at the Forschungszentrum Jülich operates the accelerator facility COSY with the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator, the cooler synchrotron COSY/Jülich and various experimental facilities for accelerator research and experimental hadron physics developments. The cyclotron has reached in spring 2016, since first beam in 1968, in total about 285000 hours of operation. The ongoing program at the facility foresees increasing usage as a test facility for accelerator research and detector development for realization of FAIR and other novel experiments. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam alone is also used for irradiation and nuclide production for fundamental research. Experience with pulsed ion sources for JULIC enables the development of a dedicated pulsed 100 keV source for protons and negative ions as a contribution to the extra low energy anti-proton synchrotron project ELENA at CERN's anti proton decelerator AD. A brief overview of the activities at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, the cooler synchrotron COSY and its injector cyclotron JULIC, with focus on recent technical developments, will be presented.  
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THP05 Beam Intensity Modulation Capabilities for Varian's ProBeam® Isochronous Cyclotron proton, operation, ion, ion-source 313
 
  • S. Busold, H. Röcken
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
  
  Varian's ProBeam 250 MeV superconducting proton cyclotron is an isochronous cyclotron for radiological applications using pencil beam scanning mode and thus provides continuous beam (at its fundamental frequency of 72 MHz). In its clinical operation mode up to 800 nA of proton beam are specified and routinely extracted. Even more can be extracted in technical mode. The cold cathode Penning ion source provides enough protons to reach this current, and a layer-to-layer intensity modulation of the scanned beam is realized with an internal electrostatic deflector, which is used to vary the extracted beam current between maximum and zero. However, for research applications there is sometimes the request for higher flexibility, in particular for higher possible beam intensities and faster beam intensity modulation. In order to explore possibilities of the machine for such research modes, experimental investigations have been performed: Pulsed beams with repetition rates of up to 2 kHz and variable pulse lengths down to 4 μs as well as peak currents during pulse of up to 30 μA are in the accessible range with only changes at power supply level.  
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THP06 Recent Ion Source Developments for VARIAN's ProBeam® Cyclotron cathode, ion, ion-source, operation 316
 
  • S. Busold, H. Röcken
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
  • A.S. Partowidjojo, J.M. Schippers
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The cold cathode Penning ionization gauge (PIG) type proton source of the VARIANÂ’s ProBeam® 250 MeV superconducting isochronous cyclotron suffers from the usual cathode/chimney erosion during operation. Furthermore, a relatively high hydrogen gas flow is needed to generate a proton beam in the μA range, which induces conditions for RF operation below optimum. In the quest to increase cathode/chimney life time and thereby directly extend service intervals, thus reducing the total cost of ownership, several experimental investigations have been performed at a dedicated test bench at PSI, Switzerland, including material studies, a detailed operation analysis and switching to a hot cathode design.  
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THP07 Development of Control System for 10 MeV Cyclotron controls, vacuum, PLC, power-supply 319
 
  • M. Hassani, H. Afarideh, Y. Ghorashinejad
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  
  AmirKabir University of Technology is developing a 10 MeV cyclotron to produce radio isotopes. In order to operate the cyclotron stably, all sub-systems in the cyclotron are controlled and monitored consistently. The control system has been developed based on PLC and the operation is monitored by HMI permanently. Also, the control console located in the control room, provides data logging and controlling different steps of operation by the operator. In addition, the system can be remotely accessed over the network to monitor the status of cyclotron easily. The configuration of the control system for 10MeV cyclotron will be presented in this paper.  
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THP09 Mechanical Aspects of the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade extraction, ion, simulation, light-ion 322
 
  • G. Gallo, L. Allegra, G. Costa, E. Messina, E. Zappalà
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. The proposed upgrade to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping implies many modifications of the median plane. The main activities of the mechanical upgrade are: the actuation of the new magnetic channels for the extraction by stripping and the realization of the two extraction modes, by stripping and by electrostatic deflection. For the magnetic channels and compensating iron bars, we are studying the problems of mechanical handling. To obtain the two extraction modes, we are trying to design a new set that allows for the exhange of two devices: electrostatic deflectors and and stripper with its magnetic channels for stripping extraction.  
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THP10 Status and Upgrade of the Cryogenic Plant of the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron After 25 Years of Operation cryogenics, extraction, vacuum, radiation 325
 
  • F. Noto, M. Cafici, A. Carbonaro, A. Di Stefano, A. Pagano, F. Speziale
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a compact ac-celerator with three sectors with a wide operating dia-gram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with values q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 10 to 80 MeV/u. An upgrade of the CS superconducting magnet is in progress to extend the capability of the machine to high intensity beam facilities. In this paper we describe the status of CS Cryostat and its Cryogenic Plant after 25 years of continuous opera-tions at 4.2 K with the exception of the stop of about one year for the tenth test and the stop for restoring of the liquefier and the main issues happened during that long time. We describe the last complex and demanding pro-cedure for the revamping of the He liquefier, its ancillary parts, other cryogenic parts of the CS, with special atten-tion about the Piping and Instrumentation, gas analysis, Heat Exchangers, LN2 transfer lines, Human-Machine Interface, vacuum system for thermal isolation, GHe re-covery system and the optimization for the consumption of electrical power. In conclusion we describe some hypothesis about the future upgrade of the Cryogenic system and the new Cry-ostat of the CS, in special way we analyse an approach to redefine the interconnection, piping boundary line and cryogenic diagnostic.  
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THP11 Improvement of the NIRS-930 Cyclotron for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy injection, operation, target, extraction 328
 
  • S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, T. Wakui
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  
  In recent years, the production of radionuclides for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with the NIRS-930 cyclotron has been one of the most important activities in National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). In the production of 211At, for example, a target material with low melting point is irradiated with a high intensity beam. A vertical beam line have the advantage in irradiation with low-melting-point target. Therefore a vertical beam line has been modified for the production of radionuclides. This line was used for neutron source with beryllium target. The beam intensity and beam energy are important parameters for the effective production of radionuclide for TRT. In order to increase beam intensity, the acceleration phase and injection energy have been optimized by measuring beam phase. The beam energy has been measured by TOF and adjusted by tuning the acceleration frequency. Those studies and improvement are reported.  
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THP13 Study on Energy Upgrade and Beam Transmission Efficiencies for RIKEN K-70 AVF Cyclotron acceleration, proton, operation, ion 332
 
  • J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, M. Kase
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • Y. Kotaka
    CNS, Saitama, Japan
  
  The RIKEN K-70 AVF cyclotron has been operated since 1989 and is used as a stand-alone machine and an injector to the RI-beam factory (RIBF). It is operated only in the RF harmonics (H) equal to 2 presently, and the maximum beam energies are restricted to be within 14 MeV for protons and 12.5 MeV/u for M/Q = 2 ions. In order to meet the usersÂ’ requests of beam energy upgrade, the beam simulation studies on the H=1 operation were made, and the central region was modified; these results were already reported in this conference of 2010. In this paper, we will analyze the difference in the transmission efficiency between the beam simulation and measured data in the H=2 operation after the modification of the central region. Moreover, we will also mention the result on the acceleration test of protons at higher energies in the H=1 operation.  
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THP14 Design of RF Pick-up for the Cyclotron pick-up, cavity, resonance, simulation 336
 
  • D.H. Ha, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong, S. Shin
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  The radio-frequency (RF) pick-up for RFT-30 cyclotron which was located in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) was designed by Sungkyunkwan University in Korea. This paper covers proper position of RF pick-up and things to consider when designing. Our RF pick-up antenna is designed for RFT-30, but approach to design process can be used any RF pick-up antenna design. This paper provide some tendency graph according to position of RF pick-up.  
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THP16 Beam Based Calibration Measurements at the PSI Cyclotron Facility extraction, survey, proton, space-charge 342
 
  • C. Baumgarten
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The PSI cyclotron facility is in operation since four decades. Even though the design details of the original machine are well documented, doubts may remain, if all changes of the most relevant devices during 40 years of operation are known with certainty. Furthermore some measurements like magnetic field mappings and central region alignment measurements can be done only during the construction and assembly phase either for mechanical reasons, due to limited shutdown or maintenance periods or because of the activation of components. Therefore it is important to develop methods that allow to check important parameters during beam operation without a disassembling of components. An effective method to test the consistency of the data is based on the combination of beam tracking simulations and beam based measurements. We present some beam based alignment and calibration measurements concerning collimator positions, Dee voltage distributions, turn patterns, beam energy and trim coil field profiles using measurements of radial probes, phase pickups and profile monitors.  
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THP17 Automated Documentation of Tunes in the Beam Lines of the COMET Cyclotron proton, software, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic 345
 
  • R. Dölling
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The proton beam from the COMET cyclotron can be transported to three gantries and two horizontal lines. The beam energy is adjusted by a variable degrader. For each branch several "tunes" are defined, each listing the previously evaluated magnet, degrader and collimator settings for a certain beam energy. The beam quality at the end stations is routinely checked meticulously in the frame of treatment quality assurance. Independently of this, software has been developed (in the frame of the machine control system) to collect, for series of tunes, all available information on the beam and on the machine settings in the active beam line. Routinely used, this allows a close observation of the stability and reproducibility of the machine and keeps ready consistent data sets for detailed studies. This tool can also be used to collect, in a short space of time, extensive data for beam dynamics simulations with OPAL or optimisation procedures based thereon, to verify the beam line performance after changes to hardware or software, or to check the functionality of the beam diagnostics. The data set characterising a single tune is organised systematically, allowing to share data viewers with standard beam diagnostics.  
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THP18 Suppression of RF Radiation Originating from the Flattop Cavity in the PSI Ring Cyclotron cavity, flattop, vacuum, pick-up 348
 
  • M. Schneider, A. Adelmann, N. Pogue, L. Stingelin
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  In the PSI Ring cyclotron, protons are accelerated from 72 MeV to 590 MeV. In several upgrade programs, the beam current was increased from the initial design value of 100 μA up to 2.4 mA. The rf-system of this separated sector cyclotron consists of 4 copper cavities running at 50 MHz for the main acceleration. For the purpose of increasing the phase acceptance of the Ring, an aluminum flattop cavity is operated at a gap voltage of 555 kVp at the 3rd harmonic frequency. As a result of the progressively increased flattop voltage, this cavity was pushed toward its mechanical and electrical limits. As a consequence rf-power is leaking into the cyclotrons vacuum chamber, which in turn caused several problems. A visible effect was the formation of plasma in the vacuum chamber *. In the last shutdown, an attempt was made to reduce the radiated rf-power. On the vacuum sealing between the flattop cavity and sector magnet 6, a shim was installed which reduces the gap for the beam from 60mm to 25mm in height. Results of this intervention will be presented and compared with finite element model simulations **.
* N.J. Pogue et al.
NIM-A: Volume 821, 11 June 2016, pp. 87 - 92.
** N.J. Pogue et al.
NIM-A: Volume 828, 21 August 2016, pp. 156 - 162. 		 
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THP19 Operational Status of the University of Washington Medical Cyclotron Facility proton, neutron, controls, radiation 351
 
  • R.C. Emery, E.F. Dorman
    University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
  
  The University of Washington Medical Cyclotron Facility (UWMCF) is built around a Scanditronix MC-50 compact cyclotron that was commissioned 1983 and that has been in continual use since. Its primary purpose is the production of 50.5 MeV protons for fast neutron therapy. While this proton energy is too low for proton therapy, it is ideal for research in small animal models. In addition to the protons used for fast neutron therapy and proton therapy research, UWMCF is able to accelerate other particles at variable energies. This makes it ideal for medical isotope research, including isotopes such as 211At, 186Re, and 117mSn that are being developed to target and treat metastatic disease at the cellular level. Most recent upgrades to the facility have been to the control systems. The original accelerator and therapy control systems were run on a DEC PDP-11 with a custom centralized i/o system built around the Z80 processor and chipset. Over the last 10 years we have continually been upgrading the controls while remaining operational, moving to a distributed system developed with the open source Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) toolkit.  
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THP20 Magnetic System for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron for Proton Therapy proton, extraction, simulation, plasma 353
 
  • N.A. Morozov, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, Y. Song, J. Zheng, J. Zhou
    ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
  
  The superconducting cyclotron SC200 for proton therapy is designing by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia) will be able to accelerate protons to the energy 200 MeV with the maximum beam current of 1 μA. A conceptual design study with 3D codes for the superconducting cyclotron magnet has been carried out during 2015-16 at ASIPP and JINR. The main design considerations are reviewed. The results obtained by numerical field computation for a suitable choice of design parameters are presented. Results of numerical calculations are the basis for technical design of SC200 cyclotron.  
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THP22 Status of the ISOL Cyclotron System in RISP ISOL, target, proton, controls 356
 
  • J. Kang, H.M. Jang, B. Kang, J.-W. Kim, J.H. Lee
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  
  An ISOL system has been developed for providing neutron-rich RI beam to multi-disciplinary users by Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea. The ISOL system is composed of proton driver, target/ion source station, mass separator, charge breeder, and A/q separator. A selected beam of interest is then injected into re-accelerator, which is a superconducting linac. A 70-MeV proton cyclotron was chosen as the proton driver to induce direct fission of UCx target. The final goal of beam power on target is 70 kW, which will be achieved gradually from 10 kW during post-RISP. Commercial H− compact cyclotrons and high-intensity separated cyclotrons have been considered for its extension of multi-purpose uses. In this paper, the specifications of the cyclotrons along with concerned issues and the status of our procurement plan will be presented.  
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THP24 Design of a Beamline from CYRCé for Radiobiological Experiments proton, emittance, quadrupole, dipole 359
 
  • E. Bouquerel, T. Adams, G. Heitz, C. Maazouzi, C. Matthieu, F.R. Osswald, M. Pellicioli, M. Rousseau, C. Ruescas, J. Schuler, E.K. Traykov
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  
  Funding: The project is supported by the Contrat de Projet Etat-Région (CPER) Alsace Champagne-Ardenne Lorraine 2015-2020.
The PRECy project (Platform for Radiobiological Experiments from CYRCé) foresees the use of a 16-25 MeV energy proton beam produced by the recently installed TR24 cyclotron at the Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) of Strasbourg for biological tissues irradiation. The second exit port of the cyclotron will be used for this application along with a combination magnet. The platform will consist of up to 3 or 5 experimental stations linked to beamlines in a dedicated 15x13m area next to the cyclotron vault. One of the beamlines will receive proton beams of a few cm diameter at intensities up to 100 nA. The status of the design of the first beam line is presented. The characterization of the proton beam parameters has been performed using the quad scan method. TraceWin and COSY Infinity codes allowed simulating the beam envelopes and defining the electromagnetic equipment that will compose the beamline. 		 
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THP25 Status of the DC-280 Cyclotron Project ion, vacuum, focusing, injection 363
 
  • I.V. Kalagin, S.L. Bogomolov, S.N. Dmitriev, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, G.N. Ivanov, N.Yu. Kazarinov, Y.T. Oganessian, N.F. Osipov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The current status of the DC-280 cyclotron project is presented. The DC-280 will be the basic facility of the Super Heavy Element Factory which is being created at the FLNR JINR. The main parts of the DC-280 are already made. In according to FLNR plans the cyclotron has to be assembled and will be ready to the first run by the end of 2017.  
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THC03 Compact Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 for Proton Therapy extraction, proton, simulation, acceleration 371
 
  • G.A. Karamysheva, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, H. Feng, J. Li, Y. Song, Y.H. Xie, Q. Yang, J. Zheng
    ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
  • D.V. Popov
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Superconducting cyclotron SC200 will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current of 1 μA. We plan to manufacture in China two cyclotrons: one will operate in Hefei cyclotron medical center the other will replace Phasotron in Medico-technical Center JINR Dubna and will be used for cancer therapy by protons. Now we present results of simulation of magnetic, acceleratiion and extraction systems.  
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THD01 High Intensity and Other World Wide Developments in FFAG proton, injection, simulation, space-charge 374
 
  • S.L. Sheehy
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  
  Here I present an overview of developments in Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerators, focusing on high intensity hadron accelerator designs. The talk will detail progress in studies of space charge effects and simulation, experimental characterisation of a 150 MeV proton FFAG at KURRI in Japan, experimental optimisation of FFAGs and novel FFAG developments for future applications.  
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THD02 Heat Transfer Studies of the IRANCYC-10 Magnet and its Effects on the Isochronous Magnetic Field simulation, ion, operation, ion-source 380
 
  • S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju, F. Zakerhosseini
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • M. Ghergherehchi
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  In magnets for cyclotron, one of the prominent problems is difference between simulation and feasible operations. By considering more factors in simulation these differ-ence can be reduced. Thermal effect and heat transfer is one phenomenon which can change favourite features of the magnets. IRANCYC-10 is a compact AVF cyclotron which is in manufacturing phase at AmirKabir University of Technology. In IRANCYC-10 heat transfer studies have been done for RF cavity, RF transmission line and PIG ion source. In this paper, accurate simulation of heat transfer and magnetic field have been done. Also thermal effects on isochronous magnetic field for IRAN-CYC-10 is investigated. For heat transfer and CFD simu-lations, Ansys CFX and for magnetic simulation Opera 3D Tosca have been used. The initiate magnet ampere-turn in simulation is 45201 and water mass flow rate for magnet system is considered 53 lit/min.  
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FRA01 Single Stage Cyclotron for an ADS Demonstrator extraction, acceleration, proton, injection 387
 
  • P. Mandrillon, M. Conjat
    AIMA, Nice, France
  
  In order to cope with the challenge of an industrial ADS driver demonstrator in the range of 3 to 4 MWatt nominal driving power, it is mandatory to propose an accelerator design able to address highly demanding criteria which are a challenge for high power accelerator designers: the number of beam trips per year and the mean down-time per beam interruption should be drastically reduced. Taking into account the outstanding performances of the PSI ring cyclotrons, it is clear that cyclotrons are competitive challengers to high power linacs. The preliminary design studies of the Single Stage Cyclotron Driver of the AIMA Company could be an attractive solution in terms of cost effectiveness, reliability and power efficiency. Some critical aspects of this design will be presented in this paper.  
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FRA03 Status of the High Intensity Proton Beam Facility at LNL proton, target, neutron, ISOL 394
 
  • M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, D. Benini, G. Bisoffi, E. Boratto, M. Calderolla, A. Calore, D. Campo, N. Ciatara, J. Esposito, P. Favaron, A. Lombardi, L. Pranovi, G.P. Prete, L. Sarchiapone, D. Scarpa, D. Zafiropoulos, L. de Ruvo
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  In 2013 the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project has entered in the construction phase at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL). The project, whose main goal is the research in nuclear physics with Radioactive Beams, has foreseen the construction of a new building hosting the accelerator able to deliver protons up the energy of 70 MeV and 50kW of beam power to be used as a primary beam for the ISOL source and for a production beam for other applications. The new facility design has been expanded and upgraded for taking advantage of the dual simultaneous extraction of beams from the Cyclotron in order to provide a multipurpose high intensity irradiation facility. Today the new facility is partially installed and the Cyclotron supplied by BEST Theratronics company (CANADA) with the related beam transport lines are under commissioning. The status of the commissioning of the high power accelerator and the capabilities of the facility as multipurpose high intensity proton beam laboratory will be presented.  
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FRB02 Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL ion, target, operation, ion-source 398
 
  • O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle
    GANIL, Caen, France
  
  The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.  
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FRB03 Proton Radiography Experiment Based on a 100 MeV Proton Cyclotron proton, experiment, controls, vacuum 401
 
  • J.J. Yang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lv, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang, X. Zhen
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  A proof-of-principle test-stand for proton radiography is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). This test-stand will utilize the 100 MeV proton beam provided by the compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100, which has been built in the year of 2014, to radiograph thin static objects. The assembling of the test-stand components is finished by now. We will carry out the first proton radiography experiment in this July and hopefully we can get the first image before the opening of this conference. In this paper, the designing, constructing and commissioning of the proton radiography system will be described and the experiment result will be presented and discussed.  
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