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MOA01 Operational Experience and Upgrade Plans of the RIBF Accelerator Complex cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration, operation 1
 
  • H. Okuno, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is the cyclotron based accelerator facility for nuclear science, completed in the end of 2006. Now RIBF can provide the most intense RI beams. Continuous efforts since the first beam has increased the beam intensity and made stable operation. In 2016, 49.8 pnA (3×1011/sec) of uranium ion beam could be extracted from the final accelerator SRC with energy of 345 MeV/u. An intensity upgrade program has been proposed to increase the intensity of uranium ion by more than twenty. The program includes two subjects. First, space charge limit of the beam intensity in the low energy ring cyclotron (RRC) should be increased by replacing the existing resonators with the new one to get higher accelerating voltage. The second is skip of the first stripper, requiring a new ring cyclotron (FRC) just after the first stripper to increase the maximum magnetic rigidity so as to accept low charge state. This presentation show a conceptual design of the new cyclotron with some issues to realize the intensity upgrade.  
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MOA02 Upgrade of the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron for Beam Power Higher than 2-5 kW cyclotron, extraction, vacuum, acceleration 7
 
  • L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, G. Cuttone, G. D'Agostino, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron has been in operation for more than 20 years, delivering to users a considerable variety of ion species from H to Pb, with energy in the range 10 to 80 A MeV. Up to now the maximum beam power has been limited to 100 W due to the beam dissipation in the electrostatic deflectors. To fulfill the users request, aiming to study rare processes in Nuclear Physics, the beam power has been planned to be increased up to 2-10 kW for ions with mass lower than 40 a.m.u., to be extracted by stripping. This development will maintain the present performance of the machine, i.e. the existing extraction mode will be maintained for all the ion species allowed by the operating diagram. To achieve this goal, a significant refurbishing operation of the cyclotron is needed, including a new cryostat with new superconducting coils, a new extraction channel with a large vertical gap, additional penetrations to host new magnetic channels and new compensation bars. Moreover the vacuum in the acceleration chamber is planned to be improved by replacing the liners and the trim coils. A general description of the refurbishing project will be presented.  
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MOB01 Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications cyclotron, acceleration, controls, vacuum 16
 
  • S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama
    QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
  • M. Fukuda
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  
  We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.  
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MOB02 Simulation and Detection of the Helical Ion-Paths in a Small Cyclotron simulation, acceleration, cyclotron, experiment 21
 
  • C.R. Wolf
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  • M. Prechtl, R. Rueß
    HS Coburg, Coburg, Germany
  
  The small cyclotron COLUMBUS, which was developed by Gymnasium Ernestinum in cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg, is a particle accelerator for education and teaching purposes. Since its inception, the cyclotron has been under continuous development and is part of the newly established student research center of the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg. This cyclotron accelerates hydrogen ions; the positions of them are registered after a few revolutions by a faraday cup which is moved across their paths by a Linear Translator. This thesis presents a MathLab Simulation of the orbits of the accelerated Hydrogen ions. In contrast to simpler models, which approximate the orbits in the acceleration gap by a straight line, this simulation takes into account the deflection by the magnetic field to get a more realistic result for the initial paths and the positions on which the ions are registered.  
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MOP02 Physical Design of External Two-Stage Beam Chopping System on the TR 24 Cyclotron cyclotron, neutron, emittance, simulation 45
 
  • J. Stursa, M. Cihak, M. Gotz, V. Zach
    NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
  
  We briefly introduce a new Cyclotron Laboratory of the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences with the new cyclotron TR 24 which was commissioned in October 2015. One of the planned utilization of TR 24 beams is a generation of high-intense fast neutrons fluxes with potential implementation of a chopping system for spectrometric measurements of neutron energy by the Time-of-Flight method. For this purpose, physical design of a new ion-optical beam line was completed as well as comprehensive study of an external fast chopping system on this beam line. A set of home-made programs DtofDeflect have been developed for this system consisting of the first chopper powered by sinusoidal voltage and the second chopper powered by pulse voltage. The programs allow to find the optimum geometric and voltage parameters of the system by the means of mathematical simulations. The chopping system can provide the external 24 MeV proton beam with 2.3 ns pulse length at a repetition period of 236 ns in order to comply with the required pulse length to the repetition period ratio of 1:100.  
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MOP03 Developed Numerical Code Based on the Effects of Space Charge in Central Region of 10 MeV Cyclotron space-charge, cyclotron, ion-source, injection 49
 
  • M. Afkhami Karaei, H. Afarideh, S. Azizpourian, M. Mousavinia, R. Solhju, F. Taft
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  To study of space charge effects in 10 MeV cyclotron of Amirkabir University of Technology the C++ code is developed. This cyclotron is designed to accelerate H− up to 10MeV energy. The important components of cyclotron that effect on calculations of space charge include four sector magnets, 2 RF cavities with 71MHz frequency and internal PIG ion source. Equations of motion and effects of charged particles in electromagnetic field of accelerator are integrated in C++ code. The conventional method, 4-order Runge-Kutta, is used to solve the equations. The results of calculations show space charge effects of beam particles on each other in accelerating process.  
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MOP08 Investigation of Minimized Consumption Power about 10 MeV Cyclotron for Acceleration of Negative Hydrogen cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration, radio-frequency 64
 
  • J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (No. NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096).
SKKUCY-10 cyclotron with 10 MeV particle energy was designed with purpose of production about fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). Design strategy was maximization of accelerating voltage in order to secure the turn separa-tion. Magnet had deep valley type, RF cavity had four stems and one RF power coupler. There was internal ion source for compact design of cyclotron. Specification of cyclotron was analysed by simulating particle dynamics for central region and whole system. AVF cyclotron had 83.2 MHz of radio frequency, 1.36 T of average magnetic field, 40 kV of main accelerating voltage. Phase slip between RF and beam was less than 15 degrees, minimum turn separation was over 2 mm. Specifications of both single beam analysis of reference particle and multi-beam analysis of bunch of particles were calculated by using Cyclone v8.4 and CST-Particle studio codes. 		 
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MOP11 Injection Line Studies for the SPC2 Cyclotron at iThemba LABS cyclotron, bunching, space-charge, simulation 75
 
  • F. Nemulodi, J.I. Broodryk, J.L. Conradie, J.G. De Villiers, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, J. Mira, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The transmission efficiency of some ion beams through the second solid-pole injector cyclotron (SPC2) at iThemba LABS requires improvement. In order to understand the beam optics in the injection line, and match the beam to the acceptance of the cyclotron, the beam envelope behaviour from the beginning of injection-line to the inside of the SPC2 cyclotron was investigated with different simulation programs. The transverse effects were taken into account by the beam transport codes TRANSOPTR and TRANSPORT, while the multi particle simulation code OPAL was used to include space-charge effects. Simulations of the effect of an additional buncher, operating at the second harmonic, on the transmission of the beam of charged particles through the cyclotron were made.  
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MOP15 The ISOLPHARM Project for the Production of High Specific Activity Radionuclides for Medical Applications target, proton, ISOL, simulation 91
 
  • M. Ballan, A. Andrighetto, F. Borgna, S. Corradetti
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • M. Ballan
    UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy
  • F. Borgna, N. Realdon
    Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • A. Duatti
    Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
  
  ISOLPHARM is a branch of the INFN-LNL SPES project*, aimed at the production of radioisotopes for medical applications according to the ISOL technique. Such an innovative method will allow to obtain radiopharmaceuticals with very high specific activity. In this context a primary proton beam, extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a target, where the produced isotopes are extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are deposed on a secondary target. This work is focused in the design and study of the aforementioned production targets for a selected set of isotopes, in particular for 64Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 125I and 131I. 64Cu will be produced impinging Ni targets, otherwise the SPES UCx target is planned to be used. Different target configurations are being studied by means of the Monte Carlo based code FLUKA for the isotope production calculation and the Finite Element Method based software ANSYS ® for the temperature level evaluation. An appropriate secondary target substrate for implanting the produced isotopes is under study alongside with a system for its dissolution and repartition into radiopharmaceutical doses.
* A. Monetti et al., The RIB production target for the SPES project, Eur. Phys. J. A (2015) 51:128 		 
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MOE01 Coupling of Cyclotrons to Linacs for Medical Applications linac, cyclotron, proton, hadrontherapy 114
 
  • A. Garonna, U. Amaldi, V. Bencini, D. Bergesio, C. Cuccagna, E. Felcini, M. Varasteh Anvar, M. R. Vaziri Sereshk
    TERA, Novara, Italy
  
  Cyclotron and Linac technologies cover the vast majority of accelerator solutions applied to medicine. Cyclotrons with beams of H+/H− around 20 MeV are found for radioisotope production and cyclotrons with beams up to 250 MeV are widely used for protontherapy. Linacs are present in every medium-sized hospital with electron beams up to 20 MeV for radiotherapy and radioimaging. They have also recently become available as commercial products for protontherapy. The coupling of these two strong technologies enables to expand the capabilities of cyclotrons by using linacs as boosters. This opens the way to innovative accelerator systems allowing both radioisotope production and ion beam therapy (cyclinacs), new treatment techniques (high energy proton therapy) and new imaging techniques (proton radiography). This paper provides an overview of the technical challenges linked to coupling cyclotrons to linacs and the various solutions at hand.  
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MOE02 A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for Proton Therapy of Ocular Tumors proton, radiation, cyclotron, target 118
 
  • S. Seidel, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker, C.S.G. Kunert
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
  
  In cooperation with the university hospital Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) provides a proton beam used for radiation therapy of intraocular tumors. The protons are accelerated to 68 MeV by an isochronous cyclotron as the main accelerator. The human eye is a very small and complex organ with several critical structures which must be spared from irradiation as much as possible. Hence radiation therapy with protons is especially convenient due to their well-defined Bragg peak. At the HZB the distal fall off (the distance between 90% and 10% of the dose level) is less than 1 mm in water. Therefore it is crucial to measure the energy and maximum range of the beam with the corresponding high accuracy. A Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC) allows a quick and precise range-measurement of proton beams. We present a MLFC which meets those special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. Results of range-measurements in different energy regions revealing the achievable submillimeter precession are shown; and examples for applications in radiation hardness testing are given.  
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TUA01 Offline Tests with the NSCL Cyclotron Gas Stopper cyclotron, extraction, cryogenics, vacuum 121
 
  • S. Schwarz, K.R. Lund, D.J. Morrissey, J. Ottarson, C. Sumithrarachchi
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Bollen, S. Chouhan, J. DeKamp, M.A. Green, C. Magsig, A.C.C. Villari, A.F. Zeller
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Bollen
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by NSF under grants PHY-09-58726 and PHY-11-02511
Rare isotopes are produced at the NSCL by projectile fragmentation at energies of ~100 MeV/u. The NSCL has successfully used linear gas stopping cells for more than a decade to decelerate projectile fragments to the keV range; first for experiments at low-energy and more recently for reacceleration. A novel reverse-cyclotron has been constructed by the NSCL based on a superconducting sectored-cyclotron magnet and LN2-cooled He gas to confine and slow down the fragments. Efficient stopping is predicted even for light ions that are difficult to thermalize in linear gas cells. The thermalized ions are transported to the center by a radial RF-carpet system, extracted through the yoke with an ion conveyor and accelerated to <60 keV for delivery to users. Measured field profiles have confirmed field calculations. The cryogenic beam-stopping chamber has been installed inside the magnet. The RF ion-guiding components have been tested successfully offline and are being prepared for low-energy ion-transport tests inside the magnet. A summary of the expected performance, the status of the machine, and results from recent low-energy transport tests will be presented. 		 
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TUA03 New Time Structures Available at the HZB Cyclotron cyclotron, proton, pick-up, extraction 130
 
  • A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  
  While most of the beam time of the cyclotron is used for proton therapy of ocular melanomas, an increasing amount of beam time is used for experiments. In response to a growing demand on time structures a new pulse suppressor was developed. This was necessary as our cyclotron was originally designed for heavy ions, thus limiting us to repetition rates of 75 kHz for light ions. The pulse suppression is now accomplished completely on the low-energy side, making the pulse suppressor on the high energy side, which was needed for single pulses, superfluous. With this new pulse suppressor the repetition rate of the pulse may be varied from 2 MHz down to 1 Hz or less. The pulse length can be freely chosen from a quasi-continuous beam to single pulses with a pulse width less than 1 ns. The pulses are measured either with a specially developed Faraday cup or non-destructively with a pick-up. The extraction of single pulses surveys very precisely if single turn extraction is achieved. The set-up of the pulse suppressor, measurements on the time structures for various beams and examples of their experimental use will be presented.  
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TUB02 Updated Physics Design of the DAEδALUS and IsoDAR Coupled Cyclotrons for High Intensity H2+ Beam Production cyclotron, simulation, injection, ion-source 137
 
  • D. Winklehner
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  
  The Decay-At-rest Experiment for deltaCP violation At a Laboratory for Underground Science (DAEδALUS)* and the Isotope Decay-At-Rest experiment (IsoDAR)** are proposed experiments to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector, and 'sterile' neutrinos, respectively. In order to be decisive within 5 years, the neutrino flux and, consequently, the driver beam current (produced by chained cyclotrons) must be high. H2+ was chosen as primary beam ion in order to reduce the electrical current and thus space charge. This has the added advantage of allowing for stripping extraction at the exit of the DAEδALUS Superconducting Ring Cyclotron (DSRC). The primary beam current is higher than current cyclotrons have demonstrated which has led to a substantial R&D effort of our collaboration in the last years. I will present the results of this research, including tests of prototypes and highly realistic beam simulations***, which led to the latest physics-based design. The presented results suggest that it is feasible, albeit challenging, to accelerate 5 mA of H2+ to 60 MeV/amu in a compact cyclotron and boost it to 800 MeV/amu in the DSRC with clean extraction in both cases.
*The DAEδALUS collaboration, arXiv:1307.2949, 2013
**A. Bungau, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., Bd. 109, Nr. 14, p. 141802, 2012
***J. Yang, et al., NIM-A 704 (11), 84-91 , 2013
 		 
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TUB03 A Novel Use oF FFAGs in ERLs - in Colliders: eRHIC, LHeC and a Prototype at Cornell University electron, linac, collider, radiation 140
 
  • D. Trbojevic, I. Ben-Zvi, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, W. Fischer, Y. Hao, V. Litvinenko, G.J. Mahler, W. Meng, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, H. Witte
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • J. Barley, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, J.A. Crittenden, J. Dobbins, B.M. Dunham, R.G. Eichhorn, F. Furuta, R.E. Gallagher, G.H. Hoffstaetter, Y. Li, W. Lou, C.E. Mayes, J.R. Patterson, D.M. Sabol, D. Sagan, K.W. Smolenski, R.M. Talman
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • S.A. Bogacz, D. Douglas, T. Satogata
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: New York State
We propose a novel use of Fixed Field Altrenating Gradient beam line (FFAG) to replace multiple beam lines in existing ERL's (4-pass at Novosibirsk, ERL of CEBAF, ERL at KEK, etc.) with a single FFAG beam line connected with spreaders and combiners to the linac. We present two designs for the Electron Ion Colliders one at CERN LHeC and one at Brookhaven National Laboratory to be placed in the tunnel of the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) called eRHIC. The proof of principle electron accelerator with the FFAG arc is to be built at Cornell University Wilson Hall where there are already available injector, superconducting linac accelerator and the dump. There are very new developments in the FFAG design never accomplished before: arc-to straight adiabatic matching with merged multiple orbits into one, permanent magnet design for the arc and straights with ability of four times in energy, etc. 		 
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TUB04 Acceleration of Polarized Deuteron Beams with RIBF Cyclotrons cyclotron, acceleration, extraction, ion-source 145
 
  • N. Sakamoto, N. Fukunishi, M. Kase, K. Suda
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • K. Sekiguchi
    Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan
  
  We have recently performed experiments with polarized deuteron beams at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). Tensor- and vector-polarized deuterons were produced using the RIKEN polarized ion source (PIS), which is an atomic-beam-type ion source equipped with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ionizer, and were accelerated to 190 MeV/u, 250 MeV/u, and 300 MeV/u with a cyclotron cascade. To measure the various spin observables, the spin orientation of the deuteron beams was freely directed by using a Wien filter. The advantage of this method is that since the velocity of the deuteron is low the size of a magnet required for the spin rotation is very compact. On the other hand it is crucial to realize strict single-turn extraction for each cyclotron because the cyclotron magnetic field causes precession of the deuteron spin resulting in a deviation between its spin orientation and the beam propagation direction. This paper describes the acceleration of the polarized deuteron beams by the RIBF accelerators and the method to confirm single-turn extraction.  
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TUC01 100 MeV H− Cyclotron Development and 800 MeV Proton Cyclotron Proposal cyclotron, proton, target, ion-source 149
 
  • T.J. Zhang, J.J. Yang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Since the last cyclotron conference in Vancouver, significant milestones have been achieved on the BRIF (Beijing Radioactive-Ion Beam Facility) project. On July 4, 2014 the first 100MeV proton beam was extracted from the H− compact cyclotron. The cyclotron passed beam stability test with beam current of 25 μA for about 9 hours operation. In the year of 2015, the first radioactive ion beam of K-38 was produced by the ISOL system, and the beam current on the internal target of the 100 MeV cyclotron was increased to 720 μA. In the year of 2016, the cyclotron was scheduled to provide 1000 hours beam time for proton irradiation experiment, single-particle effects study and proof-of-principle trial on the proton radiography technology. It is also planed to build a specific beam line for proton therapy demonstration on the 100 MeV machine. In this talk, I will also introduce our new proposal of an 800 MeV, room temperature separate-sector proton cyclotron, which is proposed to provide 3~4 MW proton beam for versatile applications, such as neutron and neutrino physics, proton radiography and nuclear waste treatment.  
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TUC02 Charge Stripper Ring for Cyclotron Cascade acceleration, cyclotron, heavy-ion, lattice 155
 
  • H. Imao
    RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
  • N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, K. Yamada, Y. Yano
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  In the multi-stage acceleration of heavy ions such as the acceleration at the RIKEN RI beam factory (RIBF), the electron stripping process with charge strippers is an inevitable process for the efficient acceleration. Typical efficiencies, however, for the charge-state conversion of very heavy ions are about 15-30% with common charge strippers. Actually, the total efficiency of two charge strippers for the uranium acceleration at the RIBF is only 6%. The low conversion efficiency is an important bottleneck for the intensity upgrade. Multi-charge acceleration proposed in the FRIB project is a unique method for linac to drastically increase the low conversion efficiency. The method, unfortunately, is not applicable for the ring accelerators such as cyclotrons. In the present study, we designed high-efficient charge stripper rings which have applicability to the cyclotron cascade using the technical knowledge of gas stripper recently developed at the RIBF.  
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TUC03 Extraction by Stripping in the IFNS-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron: Study of the Extraction Trajectories extraction, cyclotron, simulation, quadrupole 160
 
  • G. D'Agostino, L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron will be upgraded to allow for the extraction by stripping for ion beams with masses below 40 amu. By choosing properly the position of the stripper, it is possible to convoy the trajectories of the selected representative ion beams across a new extraction channel (E.C.). Here we report the design study for the new E.C. and the simulations of the beam envelopes for a set of ions to find out the parameters of the magnetic channels necessary to focus and to steer the beams through the new extraction line. Two new compensation bars have been designed to compensate the first harmonic contribution of the new magnetic channels. The results of these simulations will be also presented.  
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TUP02 Cold Cathode Ion Source for IBA CYCLONE®230 cathode, power-supply, ion-source, cyclotron 164
 
  • P. Cailliau, J.C. Amelia, J. Brison, E. Forton
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon
    AIMA, Nice, France
  
  At IBA, we use a P.I.G. floating cathode ion source for injection in the CYCLONE®230 cyclotron. The purpose of the project is to investigate how the pre-sent ion source could be replaced by a P.I.G. cold cathodes one with a longer lifetime. Experiments de-scribed in this article were done on a dedicated test setup to benchmark the different modes. A new chimney design has been developed to test cold cath-ode mode in CYCLONE®230 without any other me-chanical modifications.  
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TUP03 Extraction System Design for the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radioisotope Production target, extraction, cyclotron, site 167
 
  • W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton, E.K. Kral, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  At IBA, we have designed, constructed, tested and industrialized an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production. The design has been optimized for costeffectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application and market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target number. This is achieved by proper design and shaping of the magnet poles. This magnetic design is discussed together with beam dynamics simulations and beam extraction tests on the first machine.  
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TUP04 Magnet Design of the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radio-isotope Production cyclotron, extraction, magnet-design, proton 170
 
  • S. Zaremba, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  An innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET radioisotope production has been designed, constructed, tested and industrialized at Ion Beam Applications (IBA) [1]. This cyclotron (patent application pending) produces 18MeV proton beam and is called the Cyclone® KIUBE. The design has been optimized for cost-effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performance, which are key elements considering its application in the dedicated market. Compared to the previous 18 MeV protons and 9 MeV deuteron machine from IBA, Cyclone® 18/9, the gap between the poles has been reduced from 30 to 24 mm and the method of shimming to obtain isochronous magnetic field has been reviewed thoroughly. In early 2016, the prototype Cyclone® KIUBE was successfully commissioned at the IBA factory and the observed proton beam intensity outperformed Cyclone® 18/9.  
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TUP05 Installation and Commissioning of the First Cyclone®70p cyclotron, target, proton, beam-transport 173
 
  • B. Nactergal, J.L. Delvaux, J.-M. Geets, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, T. Vanderlinden, R. Vigneron, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  In October 2013, IBA sold its first Cyclone®70p, ex-tracted 70 MeV proton machine to Zevacor Pharma, Indianapolis, IN, USA. This brand new machine combine the advantages of the design of the Cyclone®30 HC (1,5mA extracted beam) and the Cyclone®70 XP (multi-particle). Moreover, this high energy cyclotron has been optimized for H− ions acceleration, activation reduction and long term beam production. The installation will be used for high power and long term irradiations of rubidium Rb targets to produce stron-tium 82Sr generator applied in the field of cardiac imaging. From cyclotron to beam lines and up to the target sta-tion, all subsystems have been reviewed to reach highest level of quality, reduce the activation (by the use of low activation material and reduction of beam losses) and finally optimized the maintenance. For that delivery, the machine will be equipped with 6 beam transport lines and 2 solid target station units. In June 2015, about 21 months after contract signature, the IBA Factory Acceptance Tests have been successfully performed in Belgium and the machine was shipped to Indianapolis, IN, USA to be installed in Customer factory cyclotron vault.  
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TUP08 The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron cyclotron, target, ion-source, experiment 181
 
  • S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra
    Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA
  • N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov
    Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
  • I. Pavlovsky
    ANI, Austin, USA
  
  This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 1,8 times more in compare with specification. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.  
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TUP11 Developments of Ion Sources, LEBT and Injection Systems for Cyclotrons at RCNP injection, cyclotron, emittance, ion-source 190
 
  • T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, T. Kume, S. Morinobu, T. Saito, R. Yamanoshita, Y. Yasuda
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  
  Developments of injection systems for cyclotrons at Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) Osaka University have been carried recently in order to improve the high intense ions in MeV region. The additional glazer lens on axial injection of AVF cyclotron has been installed to expand the beam accectance of cyclotron. Additional buncher for the heavy ion injection like Xe beam which requires high voltage in comparison with proton case also has been installed. Extension of baffle slits on injection line of Ring Cyclotron also has been done to extend the flexibility of injection orbit. Modification of low energy beam transport (LEBT) from ion sources to AVF injection axis including the development of fast emittance monitors also has been carried. Each component works well.  
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TUP13 Magnetic Field Measurement System of CS-30 Cyclotron cyclotron, resonance, extraction, data-acquisition 196
 
  • F.M. Alrumayan, A. Algaith, A.M. Hendy, J.F. Schneider
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • SA. AL-Ghamdi, H.A. Kassim
    KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  
  Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP strategic technologies program in the kingdom. – Award No. (14-MAT-1233-20).
The magnetic field of the CS-30 Cyclotron at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) has been measured using Hall probe-based mapping system. Although the CS-30 Cyclotron was under full operation for 3 decades, yet, it was crucial to evaluate the stability of beam orbits, particularly after stripping the cyclotron coils and its three sectors. The rational for stripping magnetic component was to replace the pole tip seal underneath the frame. The Hall probe was mounted on a high precision X – Y stage, which was driven by three stepping motors, two motors for X – axis and one motor for Y – axis. The 3MH5 digital Teslameter is a high performance magnetic field measuring instrument, based on the Hall Effect magnetic field – to – voltage transducer. It has digital data correction to provide 0.01% accuracy and it provides the possibility of automatic data acquisition via USB port of our computer. Results have shown an average field of 1.8 T. Further results will be presented and discussed. 		 
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TUP25 The Methods of Compensation of the Beam Vertical Divergence at the Exit of Spiral Inflector in Cyclotrons cyclotron, quadrupole, focusing, operation 221
 
  • I.A. Ivanenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  While the axial injection into the cyclotron, the beam is turned from axial direction into median plane by means of inflector. Commonly used type of inflector is an electrostatic spiral inflector. The spiral inflector is easy to handle and has a good beam transmission factor. On the other hand, the negative feature of spiral inflector is the beam vertical divergence at the exit of inflector. It leads to increasing of beam vertical dimension and aperture losses at the first orbits. The methods of compensation of the beam vertical divergence at the inflector exit are considered at present report. This methods are used at FLNR JINR cyclotrons and give a good results in transmission factor, beam quality and operation modes.  
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TUP26 Axial Injection Channel of IPHC Cyclotron TR24 and Possibility of Ion Beam Bunching cyclotron, bunching, injection, simulation 224
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • F.R. Osswald
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  
  The CYRCé cyclotron (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et l'Enseignement) is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics and medical treatments. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI (Canada) delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 microA. The bunching of the H− ion beam by means of multi harmonic buncher is considered in this report. The buncher may be installed in the axial injection beam line of the cyclotron. The using of the greed-less multi harmonic buncher will give opportunity to new proton beam applications and to increase the accelerated beam current. The main parameters of the sinusoidal (one-harmonic) and multi harmonic bunchers are evaluated.  
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TUP27 The Design of the Medical Cyclotron RF Cavity cavity, cyclotron, simulation, extraction 227
 
  • X.W. Wang, F. Yong, R. Zhang
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  In the cyclotron, RF system as an essential component provides energy for the ions is accelerated. However, the RF cavity is the most important equipment which produced the accelerating field. According to the physical requirements, RF cavity, the resonant frequency of that is 31.02 MHz, was designed in the paper.  
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TUD01 Compact Medical Cyclotrons and their use for Radioisotope Production and Multi-disciplinary Research cyclotron, target, ion-source, detector 229
 
  • S. Braccini
    LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
  
  Compact medical cyclotrons are conceived for radioisotope production in a hospital-based environment. Their design in terms of field shape, stability and RF is aimed at obtaining high intensity (~150 microamps) beams at kinetic energies of the order of 20 MeV. To guarantee high performances, an optimization procedure during the commissioning phase is crucial as well as a regular preventive maintenance. Beyond radioisotope production, these accelerators can be the heart of a multi-disciplinary research facility once access to the beam area and beams down to the pA range are possible. The first requirement can be achieved by means of an external beam transport line, which leads the beam to a second bunker with independent access. Currents down to the pA range can be obtained by specific ion source, RF and magnetic field tuning procedures, opening the way to nuclear and detector physics, radiation protection, radiation bio-physics and ion beam analysis developments. On the basis of the experience gained with the cyclotron at the Bern University Hospital, the accelerator physics aspects of compact medical cyclotrons will be discussed together with their scientific potential.  
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TUD03 Development of the Cyclone® Kiube: A Compact, High Performance and Self-Shielded Cyclotron for Radioisotope Production cyclotron, target, ion-source, shielding 238
 
  • B. Nactergal, M. Abs, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  About 15 months ago, at IBA, we have launched the design, construction, tests and industrialization of an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production (patent applications pending). The design has been optimized for cost effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance, activation reduction and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application on market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target position.  
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WEA02 Simulation of the Beam Dynamics in the Axial Injection Beam Line of FLNR JINR DC280 Cyclotron cyclotron, injection, ion-source, ECR 251
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  DC280 is novel cyclotron which is created at the FLNR JINR. It allows to accelerate the ions of elements from Helium to Uranium with the mass to charge ratio in the range of 4 to 7.5 providing ion currents up to 10 pμA. The simulation of ion beam dynamics in the high voltage axial injection beam line of DC280 cyclotron is presented. One part of the injection system is placed at the HV platform and other part is in the grounded yoke of the DC-280 magnet. The 3D electromagnetic field maps of the focusing solenoids, analyzing magnet, accelerating tube and spherical electrostatic deflector are used during this simulation. The calculated efficiency of ion beam transportation is equal to 100%  
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WEB04 A Coupled Cyclotron Solution for Carbon Ions Acceleration cyclotron, injection, extraction, acceleration 270
 
  • V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  A concept of coupled cyclotrons for acceleration of carbon ions (charge 6+) to 400 MeV/nucleon by a separated sector cyclotron consisting of six sector magnets with superconducting coils is proposed. Injection to the machine will be provided by a compact 70 MeV/nucleon cyclotron. The accelerator complex is intended for setting up a radiation therapy facility employing carbon ions. The advantages of the dual cyclotron design are typical of cyclotron-based solutions. The first design studies of the sector magnet of the main cyclotron (magnetic field increases from 4.2 T to 6.5 T, RF frequency 73.56 MHz, RF mode 6) show that it is feasible with acceptable beam dynamics. The accelerator has a relatively compact size (outer diameter of 8 m) and can be an alternative to synchrotrons.  
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THA02 New Developments at iThemba LABS controls, cyclotron, ion-source, target 274
 
  • J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, F. Nemulodi, G. Pfeiffer, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  iThemba LABS has been in operation for more than 30 years and is now at a stage at which refurbishment and ' in some cases ' replacement of the infrastructure and critical components is required. The replacement and refurbish-ment of the cooling system, which include the cooling tow-ers and chillers, the 4.4-MVA uninterruptable power sup-ply batteries and other critical components, are discussed. Progress with a facility for low-energy radioactive ion beams will be reported on. A proposal to remove radioiso-tope production from the separated sector cyclotron (SSC) and the production of the future radioisotopes with a com-mercial 70-MeV cyclotron to make more beam time avail-able for nuclear physics research with the SSC will also be discussed. Developments on our electron cyclotron reso-nance ion sources, the PIG ion source and low-level digital RF control system have also been carried out. Good pro-gress with integration of the existing control system to an EPICS control system has been made. The adoption of EtherCAT as our new industrial communication standard has enabled integration with much off-the-shelf motion, actuator and general interface hardware.  
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THA03 Development of FLNR JINR Heavy Ions Accelerator Complex (DRIBs III) cyclotron, extraction, heavy-ion, ion-source 278
 
  • B. Gikal, S.L. Bogomolov, S.N. Dmitriev, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, Y.T. Oganessian, N.F. Osipov, S.V. Pashchenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The cyclotrons of U-400, U-400M, and IC-100 are in operation in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions for implementation of scientific program and applied research. Total operation time of these accelerators is about 15000 hours per year. One of the basic scientific programs in FLNR is the synthesis of new elements that demands intensive beams of heavy ions. Now U-400 is capable to provide long-term experiments on 48Ca beam with intensity of 1 pμA. The high-intensity DC-280 cyclotron has been developed in FLNR in order to increase the 48Ca beam intensity up to 10 pμA for this task. The cyclotron U-400 has been in operation since 1978. The U-400 modernization into U-400R is planned to start after finishing DC-280 project. At the U-400M cyclotron, we plan to increase the ion energy of the extracted beam, which now is limited by 55 MeV/nucleon. The IC-100 is used in the laboratory as a specialized machine for applied research on the heavy ion beams with energies of 1 - 1.2 MeV/nucleon.  
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THA04 Status of the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute cyclotron, ECRIS, target, rfq 281
 
  • D.P. May, J. Arje, L.N. Gathings, B.T. Roeder, A. Saastamoinen
    Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
  • F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
    Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
  
  Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
Both the K500 superconducting cyclotron and the older K150 (88”) conventional cyclotron at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute are in constant use for both experimental physics and chemistry as well as for customer-based, radiation-effects testing. In addition, an upgrade program using the K150 as a driver for the production of radioactive beams to then be accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron is ongoing. Both a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide are being developed for this purpose. The status of the cyclotrons and of the associated electron-cyclotron-resonance ion sources and the H-minus ion source used on the K150 as well as the status of the upgrade are presented. 		 
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THB02 The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes cyclotron, target, ion-source, controls 290
 
  • J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu
    Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.  
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THB03 Development of HTS Magnets for Accelerators dipole, target, operation, operational-performance 294
 
  • K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Kamakura, K. Shimada, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  • H. Ueda
    Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
  
  At RCNP, we have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and cooled by cryocoolers. The cooling structure becomes simpler and the cooling power of a cooler is high. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. Three model magnets were fabricated; a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, two sets of race track coils for a scanning magnet, and a 3T super-ferric dipole magnet having a negative curvature. They were excited with AC and pulse currents as well as DC currents and their performance was investigated. After successful tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV ultra cold neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.  
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THB04 Status of Hydrogen Ion Sources at PKU ion-source, cyclotron, operation, proton 297
 
  • S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang
    PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • A.L. Zhang
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China No. 2014CB845502 and the National Science Foundation of China No. 91126004, 11175009 and 11305004.
Cyclotrons are quite often to be used to accelerate different hydrogen ion beams with high intensity for different purposes around the World. At Peking University (PKU), special efforts were made on developing compact 2.45 GHz microwave driven ion sources with permanent magnets to generate high intensity H+, H2+, H3+ and H− ion beams as well as other ion beams. For the positive ion beam, we can easily produce a 120 mA hydrogen ion beam with H+ fraction higher than 92% with a PKU standard 2.45 GHz ECR ion source. Its diameter is about 100 mm, its hight is about 100 mm. Also we have got 40 mA H2+ beam and 20 mA H3+ beam with a specific designed 2.45 GHz ECR ion source under different operation condition. The fractions of H2+ and H3+ are higher than 50% within the mixed hydrogen ion beams for each case. Recently, a Cs-free volume H− source based on 2.45 GHz microwave was developed successfully in our lab. It can generate 45 mA H− beam with duty factor of 10% and a 29 mA beam at DC mode at 35 keV. Its operation duty factor can vary from 1% to 100% and its power efficiency is about 20 mA/kW. Details of these sources will be presented in the paper. 		 
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THP01 Development and Validation of a Fast Cryocooler Maintenance System operation, vacuum, controls, cryogenics 301
 
  • V. Nuttens, E. Forton, T. Lamon, Y. Paradis
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • A. Zhukovsky
    M.I.T. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, USA
  
  At IBA, we have been developing and testing new systems to simplify cryocooler maintenance at a minimal cost (material, interruption of service). A local heating system has been designed to heat-up both stages of a cryocooler to room temperature while keeping the cold mass at a low temperature. The heating system has to fulfill severe requirements such as high power density, compatibility with vacuum and low temperature, and easy operation. The whole system has been designed and tested in a dedicated test bench and then duplicated onto a full-size superconducting coil. It has been extensively tested under different conditions to prove that the heating system is robust and reliable and has no impact on the superconducting coil performance.  
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THP04 Status of the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC cyclotron, operation, ion-source, experiment 310
 
  • H.P. May, M. Bai, O. Felden, R. Gebel
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  
  The institute for nuclear physics IKP-4 at the Forschungszentrum Jülich operates the accelerator facility COSY with the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator, the cooler synchrotron COSY/Jülich and various experimental facilities for accelerator research and experimental hadron physics developments. The cyclotron has reached in spring 2016, since first beam in 1968, in total about 285000 hours of operation. The ongoing program at the facility foresees increasing usage as a test facility for accelerator research and detector development for realization of FAIR and other novel experiments. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam alone is also used for irradiation and nuclide production for fundamental research. Experience with pulsed ion sources for JULIC enables the development of a dedicated pulsed 100 keV source for protons and negative ions as a contribution to the extra low energy anti-proton synchrotron project ELENA at CERN's anti proton decelerator AD. A brief overview of the activities at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, the cooler synchrotron COSY and its injector cyclotron JULIC, with focus on recent technical developments, will be presented.  
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THP05 Beam Intensity Modulation Capabilities for Varian's ProBeam® Isochronous Cyclotron proton, operation, cyclotron, ion-source 313
 
  • S. Busold, H. Röcken
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
  
  Varian's ProBeam 250 MeV superconducting proton cyclotron is an isochronous cyclotron for radiological applications using pencil beam scanning mode and thus provides continuous beam (at its fundamental frequency of 72 MHz). In its clinical operation mode up to 800 nA of proton beam are specified and routinely extracted. Even more can be extracted in technical mode. The cold cathode Penning ion source provides enough protons to reach this current, and a layer-to-layer intensity modulation of the scanned beam is realized with an internal electrostatic deflector, which is used to vary the extracted beam current between maximum and zero. However, for research applications there is sometimes the request for higher flexibility, in particular for higher possible beam intensities and faster beam intensity modulation. In order to explore possibilities of the machine for such research modes, experimental investigations have been performed: Pulsed beams with repetition rates of up to 2 kHz and variable pulse lengths down to 4 μs as well as peak currents during pulse of up to 30 μA are in the accessible range with only changes at power supply level.  
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THP06 Recent Ion Source Developments for VARIAN's ProBeam® Cyclotron cathode, ion-source, cyclotron, operation 316
 
  • S. Busold, H. Röcken
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
  • A.S. Partowidjojo, J.M. Schippers
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The cold cathode Penning ionization gauge (PIG) type proton source of the VARIANÂ’s ProBeam® 250 MeV superconducting isochronous cyclotron suffers from the usual cathode/chimney erosion during operation. Furthermore, a relatively high hydrogen gas flow is needed to generate a proton beam in the μA range, which induces conditions for RF operation below optimum. In the quest to increase cathode/chimney life time and thereby directly extend service intervals, thus reducing the total cost of ownership, several experimental investigations have been performed at a dedicated test bench at PSI, Switzerland, including material studies, a detailed operation analysis and switching to a hot cathode design.  
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THP09 Mechanical Aspects of the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade extraction, cyclotron, simulation, light-ion 322
 
  • G. Gallo, L. Allegra, G. Costa, E. Messina, E. Zappalà
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. The proposed upgrade to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping implies many modifications of the median plane. The main activities of the mechanical upgrade are: the actuation of the new magnetic channels for the extraction by stripping and the realization of the two extraction modes, by stripping and by electrostatic deflection. For the magnetic channels and compensating iron bars, we are studying the problems of mechanical handling. To obtain the two extraction modes, we are trying to design a new set that allows for the exhange of two devices: electrostatic deflectors and and stripper with its magnetic channels for stripping extraction.  
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THP13 Study on Energy Upgrade and Beam Transmission Efficiencies for RIKEN K-70 AVF Cyclotron acceleration, proton, cyclotron, operation 332
 
  • J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, M. Kase
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • Y. Kotaka
    CNS, Saitama, Japan
  
  The RIKEN K-70 AVF cyclotron has been operated since 1989 and is used as a stand-alone machine and an injector to the RI-beam factory (RIBF). It is operated only in the RF harmonics (H) equal to 2 presently, and the maximum beam energies are restricted to be within 14 MeV for protons and 12.5 MeV/u for M/Q = 2 ions. In order to meet the usersÂ’ requests of beam energy upgrade, the beam simulation studies on the H=1 operation were made, and the central region was modified; these results were already reported in this conference of 2010. In this paper, we will analyze the difference in the transmission efficiency between the beam simulation and measured data in the H=2 operation after the modification of the central region. Moreover, we will also mention the result on the acceleration test of protons at higher energies in the H=1 operation.  
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THP15 Analysis of the Plasma Characteristics for Beam Current Optimization for TR-13 Cyclotron plasma, ion-source, power-supply, extraction 339
 
  • W.J. Jun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong, Y.H. Yeon
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  There is a TR-13 cyclotron that extracts energy of 13 MeV protons which is located in Sungkyunkwan University. The components of the whole cyclotron are so old that cannot reproduce the situation that had been operated generally. So the researchers in this laboratory were eager to improve the technical problems of the components and finally optimize the beam profile. The finally extracted beam current is critically depends on the initially extracted beam from the ion source injection system (ISIS). The ISIS is composed of several electrical instruments. The voltage or current which is applied to these components can affect the finally extracted beam profile. However, the original values for the input voltage or current is almost fixed to special values that had been written in the operation manual. It means that the bad condition of this cyclotron cannot be matched for these values which had been conducted in the best condition of the operation. So, by using the programmable logic controller (PLC), it is possible to use varying inputs in various conditions, and the beam current is able to be stabilized much better than applying the constant input values. Finally, this paper would show the tendency of the plasma generation in terms of modulating the applying input values which occurs inside the ion source chamber. It represents the plasma characteristics that critically influence the beam current.  
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THP25 Status of the DC-280 Cyclotron Project cyclotron, vacuum, focusing, injection 363
 
  • I.V. Kalagin, S.L. Bogomolov, S.N. Dmitriev, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, G.N. Ivanov, N.Yu. Kazarinov, Y.T. Oganessian, N.F. Osipov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The current status of the DC-280 cyclotron project is presented. The DC-280 will be the basic facility of the Super Heavy Element Factory which is being created at the FLNR JINR. The main parts of the DC-280 are already made. In according to FLNR plans the cyclotron has to be assembled and will be ready to the first run by the end of 2017.  
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THD02 Heat Transfer Studies of the IRANCYC-10 Magnet and its Effects on the Isochronous Magnetic Field simulation, cyclotron, operation, ion-source 380
 
  • S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju, F. Zakerhosseini
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  • M. Ghergherehchi
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  In magnets for cyclotron, one of the prominent problems is difference between simulation and feasible operations. By considering more factors in simulation these differ-ence can be reduced. Thermal effect and heat transfer is one phenomenon which can change favourite features of the magnets. IRANCYC-10 is a compact AVF cyclotron which is in manufacturing phase at AmirKabir University of Technology. In IRANCYC-10 heat transfer studies have been done for RF cavity, RF transmission line and PIG ion source. In this paper, accurate simulation of heat transfer and magnetic field have been done. Also thermal effects on isochronous magnetic field for IRAN-CYC-10 is investigated. For heat transfer and CFD simu-lations, Ansys CFX and for magnetic simulation Opera 3D Tosca have been used. The initiate magnet ampere-turn in simulation is 45201 and water mass flow rate for magnet system is considered 53 lit/min.  
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FRB02 Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL cyclotron, target, operation, ion-source 398
 
  • O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle
    GANIL, Caen, France
  
  The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.  
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