Cyclotrons2016 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOC01	Radiation Damage of Components in the Environment of High-Power Proton Accelerators	lattice, radiation, proton, simulation	24
	D.C. Kiselev, R.M. Bergmann, R. Sobbia, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	At high power accelerators, radiation damage becomes an issue particularly for components which are hit directly by the beam, like targets and collimators. Protons and secondary particles change the microscopic (lattice) structure of the materials, which macroscopically affects physical and mechanical properties. Examples are the decrease of thermal conductivity and ductility as well as dimensional changes. However, the prediction of these damage effects and their evolution in this harsh environment is highly complex as they strongly depend on parameters such as the irradiation temperature of the material, and the energy and type of particle inducing the damage. The so-called term "displacements per atom" (DPA) is an attempt to quantify the amount of radiation induced damage and to compare the micro- and macroscopic effects of radiation damage caused by different particles at different energies. In this talk, the basics for understanding of the mechanisms of radiation damage will be explained. The definition and determination of DPA and its limitations will be discussed. Measurements and examples of the impact of radiation damage on accelerator components will be presented.
	Slides MOC01 [8.493 MB]
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MODM04	Design of the Fast Scanning Magnets for HUST Proton Therapy Facility	proton, simulation, cyclotron, dipole	42
	X. Liu, W. Chen, Z.K. Liang Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China Q.S. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by Major State Research & Development Program, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305 For implementation of proton therapy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology has planned to construct a 250 MeV/500 nA superconducting cyclotron for proton therapy. In the beam-line, the scanning system spreads out the proton beam on the target according to the complex tumor shape by two magnets for horizontal and vertical scanning independently. As dipole magnets are excited by alternating currents and the maximum repetition rate is up to 100 Hz, the eddy currents are expected to be large. This paper introduces the design of these two scanning magnets and analyzes the eddy current effect. Slits in the end pole are proven to be an effective way to reduce the eddy current. Different directions, distributions and width sizes of slits are simulated and compared to determine the slits arrangement. At last, the maximum temperature of the optimized scanning magnets reaches the temperature requirements.
	Slides MODM04 [2.092 MB]
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MOP13	Production of F-18 and Tc-99m Radionuclides using an 11 MeV Proton Accelerating Cyclotron	proton, cyclotron, positron, radioactivity	83
	I. Kambali, M. Marlina, P. Parwanto, R. Rajiman, H. Suryanto BATAN, South Tangerang, Indonesia H. Astarina, N. Huda, R.R. Ismuha, K. Kardinah, F.D. Listiawadi Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
	Funding: The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) An 11-MeV proton-accelerating cyclotron has been employed to produce F-18 and Tc-99m radionuclides. In this report, F-18 radionuclide was produced from enriched-water target whereas Tc-99m was generated from natural molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) target. Two recoiled radioactive impurities such as Co-56 and Ag-110m are identified in the F-18 solution whereas N-13 was recognized as an impurity in the Tc-99m production. The Co-56 radionuclidic impurity is presumably sputtered off the havar window in the target system whereas Ag-110m is originally from a silver body housing the enriched water target which is generated by secondary neutron irradiated Ag-10⁹. In addition, N-13 impurity found in the post-irradiated MoO3 target occurs presumably via (p,He-4) nuclear reaction.
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MOP15	The ISOLPHARM Project for the Production of High Specific Activity Radionuclides for Medical Applications	proton, ion, ISOL, simulation	91
	M. Ballan, A. Andrighetto, F. Borgna, S. Corradetti INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy M. Ballan UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy F. Borgna, N. Realdon Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy A. Duatti Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
	ISOLPHARM is a branch of the INFN-LNL SPES project, aimed at the production of radioisotopes for medical applications according to the ISOL technique. Such an innovative method will allow to obtain radiopharmaceuticals with very high specific activity. In this context a primary proton beam, extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a target, where the produced isotopes are extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are deposed on a secondary target. This work is focused in the design and study of the aforementioned production targets for a selected set of isotopes, in particular for 64Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 125I and 131I. 64Cu will be produced impinging Ni targets, otherwise the SPES UCx target is planned to be used. Different target configurations are being studied by means of the Monte Carlo based code FLUKA for the isotope production calculation and the Finite Element Method based software ANSYS ® for the temperature level evaluation. An appropriate secondary target substrate for implanting the produced isotopes is under study alongside with a system for its dissolution and repartition into radiopharmaceutical doses. A. Monetti et al., The RIB production target for the SPES project, Eur. Phys. J. A (2015) 51:128
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MOP16	Beam Optics Considerations for Isotope Production at the PSI Cyclotron Facility	cyclotron, isotope-production, optics, quadrupole	95
	H. Zhang, J. Grillenberger, M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The isotope production beam line starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels a beam of a few tens of microamperes from a main beam of high intensity up to 2.4 milliamperes. The beam optics has to be fitted with the specifications such as beam size and intensity for a variety of isotope productions. Due to the parasitic nature of the beam line, the beam optics also has to be adjusted along with an occasional change on the main beam intensity. Aiming at an efficient and reliable isotope production, the beam optics is followed on daily base. The operational experience together with the prospect of future development is presented.
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MOP18	Activities for Isotope Sample Production and Radiation Effect Tests at JULIC/COSY Jülich	proton, cyclotron, experiment, radiation	98
	O. Felden, M. Bai, R. Gebel, R. Hecker FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the intermediate energy cyclotron JULIC, used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and COSY itself, have been enabled to perform low to medium current irradiations. Main task is to support the FZJ radionuclide research programme of INM-5. Target holders of the INM-5 were implemented to the external target station of JULIC to obtain reliable irradiations with 45 MeV protons and 76 MeV deuterons for nuclear reaction cross section measurements and medical radionuclide production. For testing of radiation effects, displacement damage DD and single event effects SEE, with energetic protons for electronics used in space and accelerators the beam can be extracted to a dedicated test stand, e.g. used by Fraunhofer INT. To provide these possibilities up to 2.5 GeV as well one external beamline of the cooler synchrotron COSY will be equipped with a new irradiation station and adaption for the dosimetry systems are done. Different dosimetry systems (PTW Farmer® chambers, Bragg Peak chambers, Gafchromic® dosimetry films) are available to monitor and control the ongoing irradiation. This report briefly summarizes the relevant technical activities.
	Poster MOP18 [4.196 MB]
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MOP20	Study of Geant4 Simulation for Cyclotron Radioisotope Production in Various Target Size	simulation, cyclotron, proton, toolkit	105
	S.C. Mun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096 The application of radioisotopes in medical radiology is essential for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The fabrication of radioisotopes has main factors that maximize the fabrication yield and minimize the costs. An effective method to solve this problem is that the usage of Monte Carlo simulations before experimental procedure [1]. This paper studies the simulation and presents cyclotron models for the energy 13 MeV with moderate beam intensity are used for production of 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F isotopes widely applied in positron emission tomography [1]. SKKUCY-13 cyclotrons with high beam intensity are available on the market for production of most medical and industrial isotopes. In this work, the physical and technical parameters of different models are compared. Overall, this confirms the applicability of Monte-Carlo to simulate radionuclide production at 13 MeV proton beam energy.
	Poster MOP20 [1.905 MB]
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MOP21	Test Production of Ti-44 using RFT-30 Cyclotron	proton, cyclotron, positron, radiation	108
	E.J. Lee, M.G. Hur, Y.B. Kong KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	RFT-30 30 MeV cyclotron has been developed for the production of radioisotopes and their applications. Fluorine-18, which is a widely-used positron emitter, has been produced regularly since 2015. In addition, research on the production of generator radioisotopes has been performed using this cyclotron. A generator means a device used to extract the positron-emitting daughter radioisotope from a source of the decaying parent radioisotope such as Ti-44 and Ge-68. In this research, gold-coated and natural Sc targets were proton-irradiated in order to produce Ti-44. Gamma spectra of irradiated targets were measured to confirm the production of Ti-44.
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MOE02	A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for Proton Therapy of Ocular Tumors	proton, radiation, ion, cyclotron	118
	S. Seidel, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker, C.S.G. Kunert HZB, Berlin, Germany A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	In cooperation with the university hospital Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) provides a proton beam used for radiation therapy of intraocular tumors. The protons are accelerated to 68 MeV by an isochronous cyclotron as the main accelerator. The human eye is a very small and complex organ with several critical structures which must be spared from irradiation as much as possible. Hence radiation therapy with protons is especially convenient due to their well-defined Bragg peak. At the HZB the distal fall off (the distance between 90% and 10% of the dose level) is less than 1 mm in water. Therefore it is crucial to measure the energy and maximum range of the beam with the corresponding high accuracy. A Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC) allows a quick and precise range-measurement of proton beams. We present a MLFC which meets those special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. Results of range-measurements in different energy regions revealing the achievable submillimeter precession are shown; and examples for applications in radiation hardness testing are given.
	Slides MOE02 [2.082 MB]
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TUA02	Challenges in Fast Beam Current Control Inside the Cyclotron for Fast Beam Delivery in Proton Therapy	proton, cyclotron, controls, power-supply	126
	S. Psoroulas, C. Bula, P. Fernandez Carmona, G. Klimpki, D. Meer, D.C. Weber PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland D.C. Weber University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
	Funding: G. Klimpki's work is supported by the "Giuliana and Giorgio Stefanini Foundation" The COMET cyclotron* at PSI has been successfully used to treat patients with static tumors using the spot scanning technique, i.e. sequentially irradiating different positions inside the tumor volume. Irradiation time for each position ranges from micro- to milliseconds, with total treatment duration of about a minute. For some tumors (e.g. lung) physiological motion (e.g. respiration) interferes with the scanning motion of the beam, lowering treatment quality*. For such mobile tumors, we are developing a new technique called continuous line scanning (CLS), aiming at reducing treatment time by more than 50%. In CLS, dose rate should stabilize (within few percent) within tenths of a millisecond. We thus implemented a first prototype for fast, real-time beam control: a PID controller sets the internal electrostatic vertical deflector of the accelerator, regulating the beam current output based on the instantaneous current measured just before the patient and the knowledge of the transmission from the accelerator to the patient. In pre-clinical experiments, we achieved good control of the global dose delivered; open issues will be tackled in the next version of the controller. Schippers, J. M., et al (2007). NUCL INSTRUM METH B, 261(1-2), 773–776. **Phillips, M. H., et al (1992). PMB 37(1), 223–233.
	Slides TUA02 [1.790 MB]
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TUA04	Recent Improvements in Beam Delivery with the TRIUMF's 500 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, TRIUMF, extraction, injection	133
	I.V. Bylinskii, R.A. Baartman, K. Jayamanna, T. Planche, Y.-N. Rao TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	TRIUMF's 500 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron, despite its 44 years age is under continuous development. Many aspects of beam delivery have been improved over the last few years. Regular 3-week cusp source filament exchange cycle has advanced to multi-months due to greatly improved filament life time. Fine source tuning allowed beam intensity rise in support of routine extraction of 300 uA of protons. The injection line model has been fully correlated with online measurements that enabled its tuning and matching to the emittance defining slits and the cyclotron entrance. Cyclotron routinely produces 3 simultaneous high intensity beams (~100 uA each). Multiple techniques have been developed to maintain extracted beams intensity stability within ± 1%. Record extraction foil life times in excess of 500 mA-hours have been demonstrated with highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite foil material and improvements in foil holder. Beam rastering on ISOL target allowed higher yields. A single user extraction at 100 MeV was achieved by applying phase slip and deceleration inside the cyclotron.
	Slides TUA04 [2.911 MB]
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TUC01	100 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron Development and 800 MeV Proton Cyclotron Proposal	cyclotron, proton, ion, ion-source	149
	T.J. Zhang, J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Since the last cyclotron conference in Vancouver, significant milestones have been achieved on the BRIF (Beijing Radioactive-Ion Beam Facility) project. On July 4, 2014 the first 100MeV proton beam was extracted from the H⁻ compact cyclotron. The cyclotron passed beam stability test with beam current of 25 μA for about 9 hours operation. In the year of 2015, the first radioactive ion beam of K-38 was produced by the ISOL system, and the beam current on the internal target of the 100 MeV cyclotron was increased to 720 μA. In the year of 2016, the cyclotron was scheduled to provide 1000 hours beam time for proton irradiation experiment, single-particle effects study and proof-of-principle trial on the proton radiography technology. It is also planed to build a specific beam line for proton therapy demonstration on the 100 MeV machine. In this talk, I will also introduce our new proposal of an 800 MeV, room temperature separate-sector proton cyclotron, which is proposed to provide 3~4 MW proton beam for versatile applications, such as neutron and neutrino physics, proton radiography and nuclear waste treatment.
	Slides TUC01 [19.352 MB]
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TUP03	Extraction System Design for the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radioisotope Production	extraction, cyclotron, site, ion	167
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton, E.K. Kral, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	At IBA, we have designed, constructed, tested and industrialized an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production. The design has been optimized for costeffectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application and market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target number. This is achieved by proper design and shaping of the magnet poles. This magnetic design is discussed together with beam dynamics simulations and beam extraction tests on the first machine.
	Poster TUP03 [1.246 MB]
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TUP05	Installation and Commissioning of the First Cyclone®70p	cyclotron, ion, proton, beam-transport	173
	B. Nactergal, J.L. Delvaux, J.-M. Geets, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, T. Vanderlinden, R. Vigneron, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	In October 2013, IBA sold its first Cyclone®70p, ex-tracted 70 MeV proton machine to Zevacor Pharma, Indianapolis, IN, USA. This brand new machine combine the advantages of the design of the Cyclone®30 HC (1,5mA extracted beam) and the Cyclone®70 XP (multi-particle). Moreover, this high energy cyclotron has been optimized for H⁻ ions acceleration, activation reduction and long term beam production. The installation will be used for high power and long term irradiations of rubidium Rb targets to produce stron-tium 82Sr generator applied in the field of cardiac imaging. From cyclotron to beam lines and up to the target sta-tion, all subsystems have been reviewed to reach highest level of quality, reduce the activation (by the use of low activation material and reduction of beam losses) and finally optimized the maintenance. For that delivery, the machine will be equipped with 6 beam transport lines and 2 solid target station units. In June 2015, about 21 months after contract signature, the IBA Factory Acceptance Tests have been successfully performed in Belgium and the machine was shipped to Indianapolis, IN, USA to be installed in Customer factory cyclotron vault.
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TUP08	The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, experiment	181
	S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia I. Pavlovsky ANI, Austin, USA
	This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 1,8 times more in compare with specification. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.
	Poster TUP08 [1.510 MB]
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TUP16	The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, operation, controls, vacuum	205
	Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.
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TUP19	Neural Network Based Generalized Predictive Control for RFT-30 Cyclotron System	controls, cyclotron, network, simulation	212
	Y.B. Kong, M.G. Hur, E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Yang KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea Y.D. Park Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
	Beamline tuning is time consuming and difficult work in accelerator system. In this work, we propose a neural generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach for the RFT-30 cyclotron beamline. The proposed approach performs system identification with the NN model and finds the control parameters for the beamline. Performance results show that the proposed approach helps to predict optimal parameters without real experiments with the accelerator.
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TUD01	Compact Medical Cyclotrons and their use for Radioisotope Production and Multi-disciplinary Research	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, detector	229
	S. Braccini LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
	Compact medical cyclotrons are conceived for radioisotope production in a hospital-based environment. Their design in terms of field shape, stability and RF is aimed at obtaining high intensity (~150 microamps) beams at kinetic energies of the order of 20 MeV. To guarantee high performances, an optimization procedure during the commissioning phase is crucial as well as a regular preventive maintenance. Beyond radioisotope production, these accelerators can be the heart of a multi-disciplinary research facility once access to the beam area and beams down to the pA range are possible. The first requirement can be achieved by means of an external beam transport line, which leads the beam to a second bunker with independent access. Currents down to the pA range can be obtained by specific ion source, RF and magnetic field tuning procedures, opening the way to nuclear and detector physics, radiation protection, radiation bio-physics and ion beam analysis developments. On the basis of the experience gained with the cyclotron at the Bern University Hospital, the accelerator physics aspects of compact medical cyclotrons will be discussed together with their scientific potential.
	Slides TUD01 [15.033 MB]
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TUD03	Development of the Cyclone® Kiube: A Compact, High Performance and Self-Shielded Cyclotron for Radioisotope Production	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, shielding	238
	B. Nactergal, M. Abs, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	About 15 months ago, at IBA, we have launched the design, construction, tests and industrialization of an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production (patent applications pending). The design has been optimized for cost effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance, activation reduction and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application on market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target position.
	Slides TUD03 [2.687 MB]
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TUD04	BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro	cyclotron, acceleration, operation, vacuum	241
	V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.
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THA02	New Developments at iThemba LABS	ion, controls, cyclotron, ion-source	274
	J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, F. Nemulodi, G. Pfeiffer, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	iThemba LABS has been in operation for more than 30 years and is now at a stage at which refurbishment and ' in some cases ' replacement of the infrastructure and critical components is required. The replacement and refurbish-ment of the cooling system, which include the cooling tow-ers and chillers, the 4.4-MVA uninterruptable power sup-ply batteries and other critical components, are discussed. Progress with a facility for low-energy radioactive ion beams will be reported on. A proposal to remove radioiso-tope production from the separated sector cyclotron (SSC) and the production of the future radioisotopes with a com-mercial 70-MeV cyclotron to make more beam time avail-able for nuclear physics research with the SSC will also be discussed. Developments on our electron cyclotron reso-nance ion sources, the PIG ion source and low-level digital RF control system have also been carried out. Good pro-gress with integration of the existing control system to an EPICS control system has been made. The adoption of EtherCAT as our new industrial communication standard has enabled integration with much off-the-shelf motion, actuator and general interface hardware.
	Slides THA02 [4.138 MB]
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THA04	Status of the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute	ion, cyclotron, ECRIS, rfq	281
	D.P. May, J. Arje, L.N. Gathings, B.T. Roeder, A. Saastamoinen Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
	Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773 Both the K500 superconducting cyclotron and the older K150 (88Â”) conventional cyclotron at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute are in constant use for both experimental physics and chemistry as well as for customer-based, radiation-effects testing. In addition, an upgrade program using the K150 as a driver for the production of radioactive beams to then be accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron is ongoing. Both a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide are being developed for this purpose. The status of the cyclotrons and of the associated electron-cyclotron-resonance ion sources and the H-minus ion source used on the K150 as well as the status of the upgrade are presented.
	Slides THA04 [2.717 MB]
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THB02	The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes	ion, cyclotron, ion-source, controls	290
	J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.
	Slides THB02 [2.522 MB]
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THB03	Development of HTS Magnets for Accelerators	dipole, operation, operational-performance, ion	294
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Kamakura, K. Shimada, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan H. Ueda Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
	At RCNP, we have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and cooled by cryocoolers. The cooling structure becomes simpler and the cooling power of a cooler is high. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. Three model magnets were fabricated; a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, two sets of race track coils for a scanning magnet, and a 3T super-ferric dipole magnet having a negative curvature. They were excited with AC and pulse currents as well as DC currents and their performance was investigated. After successful tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV ultra cold neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.
	Slides THB03 [5.621 MB]
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THP02	Planning Considerations for Radioisotope Production Cyclotron Projects - Regulatory Feedback	cyclotron, operation, controls, shielding	303
	A.N. Alwani CNSC, Ottawa, Canada
	Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in projects to build, operate or upgrade cyclotrons in Canada. This is largely driven by their increased use for the production of radioisotopes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect health, safety, security and the environment in Canada. Its mandate includes the oversight of particle accelerators. The CNSC regulates the full life cycle of such facilities, with regulatory oversight though construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning activities. This paper outlines common practices for such projects, highlighting the particular aspects that should be considered in the early stages of project planning and providing examples of best practices and challenges that, if properly addressed, help ensure continued safe operation of the facility through its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the necessary elements of effective planning for such projects, touching on layout and space considerations; workload projection and maximum research capacity; shielding penetrations; cooling water circuit activity; storage of active components; management of radioactive waste from cyclotron and processing labs; construction and commissioning project management; integration of equipment safety systems and building safety systems; nuclear ventilation and filtration options; and strategies for staffing and training.
	Poster THP02 [1.456 MB]
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THP11	Improvement of the NIRS-930 Cyclotron for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy	injection, cyclotron, operation, extraction	328
	S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, T. Wakui NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	In recent years, the production of radionuclides for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with the NIRS-930 cyclotron has been one of the most important activities in National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). In the production of 211At, for example, a target material with low melting point is irradiated with a high intensity beam. A vertical beam line have the advantage in irradiation with low-melting-point target. Therefore a vertical beam line has been modified for the production of radionuclides. This line was used for neutron source with beryllium target. The beam intensity and beam energy are important parameters for the effective production of radionuclide for TRT. In order to increase beam intensity, the acceleration phase and injection energy have been optimized by measuring beam phase. The beam energy has been measured by TOF and adjusted by tuning the acceleration frequency. Those studies and improvement are reported.
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THP22	Status of the ISOL Cyclotron System in RISP	cyclotron, ISOL, proton, controls	356
	J. Kang, H.M. Jang, B. Kang, J.-W. Kim, J.H. Lee IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	An ISOL system has been developed for providing neutron-rich RI beam to multi-disciplinary users by Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea. The ISOL system is composed of proton driver, target/ion source station, mass separator, charge breeder, and A/q separator. A selected beam of interest is then injected into re-accelerator, which is a superconducting linac. A 70-MeV proton cyclotron was chosen as the proton driver to induce direct fission of UCx target. The final goal of beam power on target is 70 kW, which will be achieved gradually from 10 kW during post-RISP. Commercial H⁻ compact cyclotrons and high-intensity separated cyclotrons have been considered for its extension of multi-purpose uses. In this paper, the specifications of the cyclotrons along with concerned issues and the status of our procurement plan will be presented.
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THD03	Recirculating Electron Beam Photo-converter for Rare Isotope Production	electron, photon, simulation, TRIUMF	383
	A. Laxdal, R.A. Baartman, I.V. Bylinskii, F.W. Jones, T. Planche, A. Sen TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada G. Ganesh UW/Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
	Funding: TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement through the National Research Council of Canada. ARIEL & e-linac construction are funded by BCKDF and CFI. The TRIUMF 50 MeV electron linac has the potential to drive cw beams of up to 0.5 MW to the ARIEL photo-fission facility for rare isotope science. Due to the cooling requirements, the use of a thick Bremsstrahlung target for electron to photon conversion is a difficult technical challenge in this intensity regime. Here we present a different concept in which electrons are injected into a small storage ring where they make multiple passes through a thin internal photo-conversion target, eventually depositing their remaining energy in a central core absorber which can be independently cooled. We discuss design requirements and propose a set of design parameters for the Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) ring. Using particle simulation models, we estimate various beam properties, and electron loss control.
	Slides THD03 [6.773 MB]
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FRA03	Status of the High Intensity Proton Beam Facility at LNL	cyclotron, proton, neutron, ISOL	394
	M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, D. Benini, G. Bisoffi, E. Boratto, M. Calderolla, A. Calore, D. Campo, N. Ciatara, J. Esposito, P. Favaron, A. Lombardi, L. Pranovi, G.P. Prete, L. Sarchiapone, D. Scarpa, D. Zafiropoulos, L. de Ruvo INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	In 2013 the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project has entered in the construction phase at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL). The project, whose main goal is the research in nuclear physics with Radioactive Beams, has foreseen the construction of a new building hosting the accelerator able to deliver protons up the energy of 70 MeV and 50kW of beam power to be used as a primary beam for the ISOL source and for a production beam for other applications. The new facility design has been expanded and upgraded for taking advantage of the dual simultaneous extraction of beams from the Cyclotron in order to provide a multipurpose high intensity irradiation facility. Today the new facility is partially installed and the Cyclotron supplied by BEST Theratronics company (CANADA) with the related beam transport lines are under commissioning. The status of the commissioning of the high power accelerator and the capabilities of the facility as multipurpose high intensity proton beam laboratory will be presented.
	Slides FRA03 [18.295 MB]
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FRB02	Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL	ion, cyclotron, operation, ion-source	398
	O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.
	Slides FRB02 [7.220 MB]
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOC01

Radiation Damage of Components in the Environment of High-Power Proton Accelerators

lattice, radiation, proton, simulation

24

D.C. Kiselev, R.M. Bergmann, R. Sobbia, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

At high power accelerators, radiation damage becomes an issue particularly for components which are hit directly by the beam, like targets and collimators. Protons and secondary particles change the microscopic (lattice) structure of the materials, which macroscopically affects physical and mechanical properties. Examples are the decrease of thermal conductivity and ductility as well as dimensional changes. However, the prediction of these damage effects and their evolution in this harsh environment is highly complex as they strongly depend on parameters such as the irradiation temperature of the material, and the energy and type of particle inducing the damage. The so-called term "displacements per atom" (DPA) is an attempt to quantify the amount of radiation induced damage and to compare the micro- and macroscopic effects of radiation damage caused by different particles at different energies. In this talk, the basics for understanding of the mechanisms of radiation damage will be explained. The definition and determination of DPA and its limitations will be discussed. Measurements and examples of the impact of radiation damage on accelerator components will be presented.

Slides MOC01 [8.493 MB]

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MODM04

Design of the Fast Scanning Magnets for HUST Proton Therapy Facility

proton, simulation, cyclotron, dipole

42

X. Liu, W. Chen, Z.K. Liang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
Q.S. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by Major State Research & Development Program, with grant No. 2016YFC0105305
For implementation of proton therapy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology has planned to construct a 250 MeV/500 nA superconducting cyclotron for proton therapy. In the beam-line, the scanning system spreads out the proton beam on the target according to the complex tumor shape by two magnets for horizontal and vertical scanning independently. As dipole magnets are excited by alternating currents and the maximum repetition rate is up to 100 Hz, the eddy currents are expected to be large. This paper introduces the design of these two scanning magnets and analyzes the eddy current effect. Slits in the end pole are proven to be an effective way to reduce the eddy current. Different directions, distributions and width sizes of slits are simulated and compared to determine the slits arrangement. At last, the maximum temperature of the optimized scanning magnets reaches the temperature requirements.

Slides MODM04 [2.092 MB]

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MOP13

Production of F-18 and Tc-99m Radionuclides using an 11 MeV Proton Accelerating Cyclotron

proton, cyclotron, positron, radioactivity

83

I. Kambali, M. Marlina, P. Parwanto, R. Rajiman, H. Suryanto
BATAN, South Tangerang, Indonesia
H. Astarina, N. Huda, R.R. Ismuha, K. Kardinah, F.D. Listiawadi
Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Funding: The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN)
An 11-MeV proton-accelerating cyclotron has been employed to produce F-18 and Tc-99m radionuclides. In this report, F-18 radionuclide was produced from enriched-water target whereas Tc-99m was generated from natural molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) target. Two recoiled radioactive impurities such as Co-56 and Ag-110m are identified in the F-18 solution whereas N-13 was recognized as an impurity in the Tc-99m production. The Co-56 radionuclidic impurity is presumably sputtered off the havar window in the target system whereas Ag-110m is originally from a silver body housing the enriched water target which is generated by secondary neutron irradiated Ag-10⁹. In addition, N-13 impurity found in the post-irradiated MoO3 target occurs presumably via (p,He-4) nuclear reaction.

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MOP15

The ISOLPHARM Project for the Production of High Specific Activity Radionuclides for Medical Applications

proton, ion, ISOL, simulation

91

M. Ballan, A. Andrighetto, F. Borgna, S. Corradetti
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
M. Ballan
UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy
F. Borgna, N. Realdon
Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
A. Duatti
Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

ISOLPHARM is a branch of the INFN-LNL SPES project*, aimed at the production of radioisotopes for medical applications according to the ISOL technique. Such an innovative method will allow to obtain radiopharmaceuticals with very high specific activity. In this context a primary proton beam, extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a target, where the produced isotopes are extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are deposed on a secondary target. This work is focused in the design and study of the aforementioned production targets for a selected set of isotopes, in particular for 64Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 125I and 131I. 64Cu will be produced impinging Ni targets, otherwise the SPES UCx target is planned to be used. Different target configurations are being studied by means of the Monte Carlo based code FLUKA for the isotope production calculation and the Finite Element Method based software ANSYS ® for the temperature level evaluation. An appropriate secondary target substrate for implanting the produced isotopes is under study alongside with a system for its dissolution and repartition into radiopharmaceutical doses.
* A. Monetti et al., The RIB production target for the SPES project, Eur. Phys. J. A (2015) 51:128

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MOP16

Beam Optics Considerations for Isotope Production at the PSI Cyclotron Facility

cyclotron, isotope-production, optics, quadrupole

95

H. Zhang, J. Grillenberger, M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The isotope production beam line starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels a beam of a few tens of microamperes from a main beam of high intensity up to 2.4 milliamperes. The beam optics has to be fitted with the specifications such as beam size and intensity for a variety of isotope productions. Due to the parasitic nature of the beam line, the beam optics also has to be adjusted along with an occasional change on the main beam intensity. Aiming at an efficient and reliable isotope production, the beam optics is followed on daily base. The operational experience together with the prospect of future development is presented.

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MOP18

Activities for Isotope Sample Production and Radiation Effect Tests at JULIC/COSY Jülich

proton, cyclotron, experiment, radiation

98

O. Felden, M. Bai, R. Gebel, R. Hecker
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the intermediate energy cyclotron JULIC, used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and COSY itself, have been enabled to perform low to medium current irradiations. Main task is to support the FZJ radionuclide research programme of INM-5. Target holders of the INM-5 were implemented to the external target station of JULIC to obtain reliable irradiations with 45 MeV protons and 76 MeV deuterons for nuclear reaction cross section measurements and medical radionuclide production. For testing of radiation effects, displacement damage DD and single event effects SEE, with energetic protons for electronics used in space and accelerators the beam can be extracted to a dedicated test stand, e.g. used by Fraunhofer INT. To provide these possibilities up to 2.5 GeV as well one external beamline of the cooler synchrotron COSY will be equipped with a new irradiation station and adaption for the dosimetry systems are done. Different dosimetry systems (PTW Farmer® chambers, Bragg Peak chambers, Gafchromic® dosimetry films) are available to monitor and control the ongoing irradiation. This report briefly summarizes the relevant technical activities.

Poster MOP18 [4.196 MB]

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MOP20

Study of Geant4 Simulation for Cyclotron Radioisotope Production in Various Target Size

simulation, cyclotron, proton, toolkit

105

S.C. Mun, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096
The application of radioisotopes in medical radiology is essential for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The fabrication of radioisotopes has main factors that maximize the fabrication yield and minimize the costs. An effective method to solve this problem is that the usage of Monte Carlo simulations before experimental procedure [1]. This paper studies the simulation and presents cyclotron models for the energy 13 MeV with moderate beam intensity are used for production of 11C, 13N, 15O, and 18F isotopes widely applied in positron emission tomography [1]. SKKUCY-13 cyclotrons with high beam intensity are available on the market for production of most medical and industrial isotopes. In this work, the physical and technical parameters of different models are compared. Overall, this confirms the applicability of Monte-Carlo to simulate radionuclide production at 13 MeV proton beam energy.

Poster MOP20 [1.905 MB]

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MOP21

Test Production of Ti-44 using RFT-30 Cyclotron

proton, cyclotron, positron, radiation

108

E.J. Lee, M.G. Hur, Y.B. Kong
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

RFT-30 30 MeV cyclotron has been developed for the production of radioisotopes and their applications. Fluorine-18, which is a widely-used positron emitter, has been produced regularly since 2015. In addition, research on the production of generator radioisotopes has been performed using this cyclotron. A generator means a device used to extract the positron-emitting daughter radioisotope from a source of the decaying parent radioisotope such as Ti-44 and Ge-68. In this research, gold-coated and natural Sc targets were proton-irradiated in order to produce Ti-44. Gamma spectra of irradiated targets were measured to confirm the production of Ti-44.

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MOE02

A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for Proton Therapy of Ocular Tumors

proton, radiation, ion, cyclotron

118

S. Seidel, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker, C.S.G. Kunert
HZB, Berlin, Germany
A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

In cooperation with the university hospital Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) provides a proton beam used for radiation therapy of intraocular tumors. The protons are accelerated to 68 MeV by an isochronous cyclotron as the main accelerator. The human eye is a very small and complex organ with several critical structures which must be spared from irradiation as much as possible. Hence radiation therapy with protons is especially convenient due to their well-defined Bragg peak. At the HZB the distal fall off (the distance between 90% and 10% of the dose level) is less than 1 mm in water. Therefore it is crucial to measure the energy and maximum range of the beam with the corresponding high accuracy. A Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC) allows a quick and precise range-measurement of proton beams. We present a MLFC which meets those special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. Results of range-measurements in different energy regions revealing the achievable submillimeter precession are shown; and examples for applications in radiation hardness testing are given.

Slides MOE02 [2.082 MB]

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TUA02

Challenges in Fast Beam Current Control Inside the Cyclotron for Fast Beam Delivery in Proton Therapy

proton, cyclotron, controls, power-supply

126

S. Psoroulas, C. Bula, P. Fernandez Carmona, G. Klimpki, D. Meer, D.C. Weber
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
D.C. Weber
University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

Funding: G. Klimpki's work is supported by the "Giuliana and Giorgio Stefanini Foundation"
The COMET cyclotron* at PSI has been successfully used to treat patients with static tumors using the spot scanning technique, i.e. sequentially irradiating different positions inside the tumor volume. Irradiation time for each position ranges from micro- to milliseconds, with total treatment duration of about a minute. For some tumors (e.g. lung) physiological motion (e.g. respiration) interferes with the scanning motion of the beam, lowering treatment quality**. For such mobile tumors, we are developing a new technique called continuous line scanning (CLS), aiming at reducing treatment time by more than 50%. In CLS, dose rate should stabilize (within few percent) within tenths of a millisecond. We thus implemented a first prototype for fast, real-time beam control: a PID controller sets the internal electrostatic vertical deflector of the accelerator, regulating the beam current output based on the instantaneous current measured just before the patient and the knowledge of the transmission from the accelerator to the patient. In pre-clinical experiments, we achieved good control of the global dose delivered; open issues will be tackled in the next version of the controller.
*Schippers, J. M., et al (2007). NUCL INSTRUM METH B, 261(1-2), 773–776.
**Phillips, M. H., et al (1992). PMB 37(1), 223–233.

Slides TUA02 [1.790 MB]

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TUA04

Recent Improvements in Beam Delivery with the TRIUMF's 500 MeV Cyclotron

cyclotron, TRIUMF, extraction, injection

133

I.V. Bylinskii, R.A. Baartman, K. Jayamanna, T. Planche, Y.-N. Rao
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

TRIUMF's 500 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron, despite its 44 years age is under continuous development. Many aspects of beam delivery have been improved over the last few years. Regular 3-week cusp source filament exchange cycle has advanced to multi-months due to greatly improved filament life time. Fine source tuning allowed beam intensity rise in support of routine extraction of 300 uA of protons. The injection line model has been fully correlated with online measurements that enabled its tuning and matching to the emittance defining slits and the cyclotron entrance. Cyclotron routinely produces 3 simultaneous high intensity beams (~100 uA each). Multiple techniques have been developed to maintain extracted beams intensity stability within ± 1%. Record extraction foil life times in excess of 500 mA-hours have been demonstrated with highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite foil material and improvements in foil holder. Beam rastering on ISOL target allowed higher yields. A single user extraction at 100 MeV was achieved by applying phase slip and deceleration inside the cyclotron.

Slides TUA04 [2.911 MB]

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TUC01

100 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron Development and 800 MeV Proton Cyclotron Proposal

cyclotron, proton, ion, ion-source

149

T.J. Zhang, J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Since the last cyclotron conference in Vancouver, significant milestones have been achieved on the BRIF (Beijing Radioactive-Ion Beam Facility) project. On July 4, 2014 the first 100MeV proton beam was extracted from the H⁻ compact cyclotron. The cyclotron passed beam stability test with beam current of 25 μA for about 9 hours operation. In the year of 2015, the first radioactive ion beam of K-38 was produced by the ISOL system, and the beam current on the internal target of the 100 MeV cyclotron was increased to 720 μA. In the year of 2016, the cyclotron was scheduled to provide 1000 hours beam time for proton irradiation experiment, single-particle effects study and proof-of-principle trial on the proton radiography technology. It is also planed to build a specific beam line for proton therapy demonstration on the 100 MeV machine. In this talk, I will also introduce our new proposal of an 800 MeV, room temperature separate-sector proton cyclotron, which is proposed to provide 3~4 MW proton beam for versatile applications, such as neutron and neutrino physics, proton radiography and nuclear waste treatment.

Slides TUC01 [19.352 MB]

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TUP03

Extraction System Design for the New IBA Cyclotron for PET Radioisotope Production

extraction, cyclotron, site, ion

167

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton, E.K. Kral, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

At IBA, we have designed, constructed, tested and industrialized an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production. The design has been optimized for costeffectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application and market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target number. This is achieved by proper design and shaping of the magnet poles. This magnetic design is discussed together with beam dynamics simulations and beam extraction tests on the first machine.

Poster TUP03 [1.246 MB]

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TUP05

Installation and Commissioning of the First Cyclone®70p

cyclotron, ion, proton, beam-transport

173

B. Nactergal, J.L. Delvaux, J.-M. Geets, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, T. Vanderlinden, R. Vigneron, S. Zaremba
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

In October 2013, IBA sold its first Cyclone®70p, ex-tracted 70 MeV proton machine to Zevacor Pharma, Indianapolis, IN, USA. This brand new machine combine the advantages of the design of the Cyclone®30 HC (1,5mA extracted beam) and the Cyclone®70 XP (multi-particle). Moreover, this high energy cyclotron has been optimized for H⁻ ions acceleration, activation reduction and long term beam production. The installation will be used for high power and long term irradiations of rubidium Rb targets to produce stron-tium 82Sr generator applied in the field of cardiac imaging. From cyclotron to beam lines and up to the target sta-tion, all subsystems have been reviewed to reach highest level of quality, reduce the activation (by the use of low activation material and reduction of beam losses) and finally optimized the maintenance. For that delivery, the machine will be equipped with 6 beam transport lines and 2 solid target station units. In June 2015, about 21 months after contract signature, the IBA Factory Acceptance Tests have been successfully performed in Belgium and the machine was shipped to Indianapolis, IN, USA to be installed in Customer factory cyclotron vault.

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TUP08

The Use of Graphene as Stripper Foils in the Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, experiment

181

S. Korenev, R. Dishman, A. Martin Yebra
Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA
N.D. Meshcheryakov, I.B. Smirnov
Siemens Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
I. Pavlovsky
ANI, Austin, USA

This paper presents the results of an experimental study for the use of graphene foils as an extractor (stripper) foil in the 11-MeV Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron. The main advantage of graphene foils compared with carbon and graphite foils is its very high thermal conductivity. The graphene also has significant mechanical strength for atomically thin carbon layers. The life time of these foils is more than 1,8 times more in compare with specification. The graphene foils showed a significant increase in the transmission factor (the ratio of the beam current on the stripper foil to the current on the target), which was approximately 90%. The technology in fabricating these graphene foils is shown. The pros and cons of using the graphene material as a stripper foil in cyclotrons are analyzed.

Poster TUP08 [1.510 MB]

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TUP16

The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron

cyclotron, operation, controls, vacuum

205

Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.

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TUP19

Neural Network Based Generalized Predictive Control for RFT-30 Cyclotron System

controls, cyclotron, network, simulation

212

Y.B. Kong, M.G. Hur, E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Yang
KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
Y.D. Park
Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea

Beamline tuning is time consuming and difficult work in accelerator system. In this work, we propose a neural generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach for the RFT-30 cyclotron beamline. The proposed approach performs system identification with the NN model and finds the control parameters for the beamline. Performance results show that the proposed approach helps to predict optimal parameters without real experiments with the accelerator.

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TUD01

Compact Medical Cyclotrons and their use for Radioisotope Production and Multi-disciplinary Research

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, detector

229

S. Braccini
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland

Compact medical cyclotrons are conceived for radioisotope production in a hospital-based environment. Their design in terms of field shape, stability and RF is aimed at obtaining high intensity (~150 microamps) beams at kinetic energies of the order of 20 MeV. To guarantee high performances, an optimization procedure during the commissioning phase is crucial as well as a regular preventive maintenance. Beyond radioisotope production, these accelerators can be the heart of a multi-disciplinary research facility once access to the beam area and beams down to the pA range are possible. The first requirement can be achieved by means of an external beam transport line, which leads the beam to a second bunker with independent access. Currents down to the pA range can be obtained by specific ion source, RF and magnetic field tuning procedures, opening the way to nuclear and detector physics, radiation protection, radiation bio-physics and ion beam analysis developments. On the basis of the experience gained with the cyclotron at the Bern University Hospital, the accelerator physics aspects of compact medical cyclotrons will be discussed together with their scientific potential.

Slides TUD01 [15.033 MB]

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TUD03

Development of the Cyclone® Kiube: A Compact, High Performance and Self-Shielded Cyclotron for Radioisotope Production

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, shielding

238

B. Nactergal, M. Abs, S. De Neuter, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, V. Nuttens, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

About 15 months ago, at IBA, we have launched the design, construction, tests and industrialization of an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production (patent applications pending). The design has been optimized for cost effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance, activation reduction and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application on market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target position.

Slides TUD03 [2.687 MB]

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TUD04

BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro

cyclotron, acceleration, operation, vacuum

241

V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti
Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu
BCSI, Vancouver, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.

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THA02

New Developments at iThemba LABS

ion, controls, cyclotron, ion-source

274

J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, F. Nemulodi, G. Pfeiffer, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

iThemba LABS has been in operation for more than 30 years and is now at a stage at which refurbishment and ' in some cases ' replacement of the infrastructure and critical components is required. The replacement and refurbish-ment of the cooling system, which include the cooling tow-ers and chillers, the 4.4-MVA uninterruptable power sup-ply batteries and other critical components, are discussed. Progress with a facility for low-energy radioactive ion beams will be reported on. A proposal to remove radioiso-tope production from the separated sector cyclotron (SSC) and the production of the future radioisotopes with a com-mercial 70-MeV cyclotron to make more beam time avail-able for nuclear physics research with the SSC will also be discussed. Developments on our electron cyclotron reso-nance ion sources, the PIG ion source and low-level digital RF control system have also been carried out. Good pro-gress with integration of the existing control system to an EPICS control system has been made. The adoption of EtherCAT as our new industrial communication standard has enabled integration with much off-the-shelf motion, actuator and general interface hardware.

Slides THA02 [4.138 MB]

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THA04

Status of the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute

ion, cyclotron, ECRIS, rfq

281

D.P. May, J. Arje, L.N. Gathings, B.T. Roeder, A. Saastamoinen
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
Both the K500 superconducting cyclotron and the older K150 (88Â”) conventional cyclotron at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute are in constant use for both experimental physics and chemistry as well as for customer-based, radiation-effects testing. In addition, an upgrade program using the K150 as a driver for the production of radioactive beams to then be accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron is ongoing. Both a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide are being developed for this purpose. The status of the cyclotrons and of the associated electron-cyclotron-resonance ion sources and the H-minus ion source used on the K150 as well as the status of the upgrade are presented.

Slides THA04 [2.717 MB]

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THB02

The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes

ion, cyclotron, ion-source, controls

290

J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu
Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA
V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.

Slides THB02 [2.522 MB]

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THB03

Development of HTS Magnets for Accelerators

dipole, operation, operational-performance, ion

294

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Kamakura, K. Shimada, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
H. Ueda
Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

At RCNP, we have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and cooled by cryocoolers. The cooling structure becomes simpler and the cooling power of a cooler is high. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. Three model magnets were fabricated; a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, two sets of race track coils for a scanning magnet, and a 3T super-ferric dipole magnet having a negative curvature. They were excited with AC and pulse currents as well as DC currents and their performance was investigated. After successful tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV ultra cold neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.

Slides THB03 [5.621 MB]

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THP02

Planning Considerations for Radioisotope Production Cyclotron Projects - Regulatory Feedback

cyclotron, operation, controls, shielding

303

A.N. Alwani
CNSC, Ottawa, Canada

Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in projects to build, operate or upgrade cyclotrons in Canada. This is largely driven by their increased use for the production of radioisotopes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect health, safety, security and the environment in Canada. Its mandate includes the oversight of particle accelerators. The CNSC regulates the full life cycle of such facilities, with regulatory oversight though construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning activities. This paper outlines common practices for such projects, highlighting the particular aspects that should be considered in the early stages of project planning and providing examples of best practices and challenges that, if properly addressed, help ensure continued safe operation of the facility through its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the necessary elements of effective planning for such projects, touching on layout and space considerations; workload projection and maximum research capacity; shielding penetrations; cooling water circuit activity; storage of active components; management of radioactive waste from cyclotron and processing labs; construction and commissioning project management; integration of equipment safety systems and building safety systems; nuclear ventilation and filtration options; and strategies for staffing and training.

Poster THP02 [1.456 MB]

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THP11

Improvement of the NIRS-930 Cyclotron for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy

injection, cyclotron, operation, extraction

328

S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, T. Wakui
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

In recent years, the production of radionuclides for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with the NIRS-930 cyclotron has been one of the most important activities in National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). In the production of 211At, for example, a target material with low melting point is irradiated with a high intensity beam. A vertical beam line have the advantage in irradiation with low-melting-point target. Therefore a vertical beam line has been modified for the production of radionuclides. This line was used for neutron source with beryllium target. The beam intensity and beam energy are important parameters for the effective production of radionuclide for TRT. In order to increase beam intensity, the acceleration phase and injection energy have been optimized by measuring beam phase. The beam energy has been measured by TOF and adjusted by tuning the acceleration frequency. Those studies and improvement are reported.

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THP22

Status of the ISOL Cyclotron System in RISP

cyclotron, ISOL, proton, controls

356

J. Kang, H.M. Jang, B. Kang, J.-W. Kim, J.H. Lee
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

An ISOL system has been developed for providing neutron-rich RI beam to multi-disciplinary users by Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea. The ISOL system is composed of proton driver, target/ion source station, mass separator, charge breeder, and A/q separator. A selected beam of interest is then injected into re-accelerator, which is a superconducting linac. A 70-MeV proton cyclotron was chosen as the proton driver to induce direct fission of UCx target. The final goal of beam power on target is 70 kW, which will be achieved gradually from 10 kW during post-RISP. Commercial H⁻ compact cyclotrons and high-intensity separated cyclotrons have been considered for its extension of multi-purpose uses. In this paper, the specifications of the cyclotrons along with concerned issues and the status of our procurement plan will be presented.

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THD03

Recirculating Electron Beam Photo-converter for Rare Isotope Production

electron, photon, simulation, TRIUMF

383

A. Laxdal, R.A. Baartman, I.V. Bylinskii, F.W. Jones, T. Planche, A. Sen
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
G. Ganesh
UW/Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Funding: TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement through the National Research Council of Canada. ARIEL & e-linac construction are funded by BCKDF and CFI.
The TRIUMF 50 MeV electron linac has the potential to drive cw beams of up to 0.5 MW to the ARIEL photo-fission facility for rare isotope science. Due to the cooling requirements, the use of a thick Bremsstrahlung target for electron to photon conversion is a difficult technical challenge in this intensity regime. Here we present a different concept in which electrons are injected into a small storage ring where they make multiple passes through a thin internal photo-conversion target, eventually depositing their remaining energy in a central core absorber which can be independently cooled. We discuss design requirements and propose a set of design parameters for the Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) ring. Using particle simulation models, we estimate various beam properties, and electron loss control.

Slides THD03 [6.773 MB]

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FRA03

Status of the High Intensity Proton Beam Facility at LNL

cyclotron, proton, neutron, ISOL

394

M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, D. Benini, G. Bisoffi, E. Boratto, M. Calderolla, A. Calore, D. Campo, N. Ciatara, J. Esposito, P. Favaron, A. Lombardi, L. Pranovi, G.P. Prete, L. Sarchiapone, D. Scarpa, D. Zafiropoulos, L. de Ruvo
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

In 2013 the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project has entered in the construction phase at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL). The project, whose main goal is the research in nuclear physics with Radioactive Beams, has foreseen the construction of a new building hosting the accelerator able to deliver protons up the energy of 70 MeV and 50kW of beam power to be used as a primary beam for the ISOL source and for a production beam for other applications. The new facility design has been expanded and upgraded for taking advantage of the dual simultaneous extraction of beams from the Cyclotron in order to provide a multipurpose high intensity irradiation facility. Today the new facility is partially installed and the Cyclotron supplied by BEST Theratronics company (CANADA) with the related beam transport lines are under commissioning. The status of the commissioning of the high power accelerator and the capabilities of the facility as multipurpose high intensity proton beam laboratory will be presented.

Slides FRA03 [18.295 MB]

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FRB02

Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL

ion, cyclotron, operation, ion-source

398

O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle
GANIL, Caen, France

The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.

Slides FRB02 [7.220 MB]

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