Cyclotrons2016 - List of Keywords (controls)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOB01	Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications	ion, cyclotron, acceleration, vacuum	16
	S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan M. Fukuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10^-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.
	Slides MOB01 [26.045 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA02	Challenges in Fast Beam Current Control Inside the Cyclotron for Fast Beam Delivery in Proton Therapy	proton, cyclotron, power-supply, target	126
	S. Psoroulas, C. Bula, P. Fernandez Carmona, G. Klimpki, D. Meer, D.C. Weber PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland D.C. Weber University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
	Funding: G. Klimpki's work is supported by the "Giuliana and Giorgio Stefanini Foundation" The COMET cyclotron* at PSI has been successfully used to treat patients with static tumors using the spot scanning technique, i.e. sequentially irradiating different positions inside the tumor volume. Irradiation time for each position ranges from micro- to milliseconds, with total treatment duration of about a minute. For some tumors (e.g. lung) physiological motion (e.g. respiration) interferes with the scanning motion of the beam, lowering treatment quality*. For such mobile tumors, we are developing a new technique called continuous line scanning (CLS), aiming at reducing treatment time by more than 50%. In CLS, dose rate should stabilize (within few percent) within tenths of a millisecond. We thus implemented a first prototype for fast, real-time beam control: a PID controller sets the internal electrostatic vertical deflector of the accelerator, regulating the beam current output based on the instantaneous current measured just before the patient and the knowledge of the transmission from the accelerator to the patient. In pre-clinical experiments, we achieved good control of the global dose delivered; open issues will be tackled in the next version of the controller. Schippers, J. M., et al (2007). NUCL INSTRUM METH B, 261(1-2), 773–776. **Phillips, M. H., et al (1992). PMB 37(1), 223–233.
	Slides TUA02 [1.790 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP10	A New Concept of High Current Power Supply for the Main Cyclotron Magnet at TRIUMF	power-supply, TRIUMF, cyclotron, interface	186
	S. Carrozza, F. Burini, E. Ferrari, M.P. Pretelli, G.T. Taddia OCEM, Valsamoggia, Italy M.C. Bastos, G. Hudson, Q. King, G. Le Godec CERN, Geneva, Switzerland I.V. Bylinskii, W. L. Louie, R.B. Nussbaumer TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	A sophisticated power supply was studied and de-signed to supply a high current to the main magnet of the TRIUMF cyclotron. The power supply will be operated with a current up to 20000 A in DC mode. It has been designed using a modular approach, with a 12-pulse input rectifier and two DC link which feeds sixteen DC/DC chopper modules in parallel connection. The conceived power supply integrates a sophisticated control and a precise current measurement chain devel-oped at CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper presents the solution described in the de-sign report, the choice of the main purchased components which will lead to a final assembly and test before the end of 2016.
	Poster TUP10 [1.076 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP14	The Assembly and Adjustment of the Second Stripping Probe System for CYCIAE-100	proton, cyclotron, extraction, PLC	199
	Shizhong. An, L.C. Cao, X.L. Fu, Z.G. Li, G.S. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, Y. Wang, L.P. Wen, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A 100 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CYCIAE-100). The proton beams ranging from 75 MeV - 100 MeV with 200 μA beam intensity will be extracted in dual opposite direction by charge exchange stripping devices. The stripping probe system is the key part of extraction system for CYCIAE-100. The first stripping extraction system was installed in 2014 and it has satisfied all kinds of requirements for the proton beam extraction. The first 100 MeV proton beam was got on July 4, 2014 and the beam current was stably maintained at above 25 μA for about 9 hours on July 25, 2014. The first RIB with ISOL system driven by 100 MeV proton beam was generated in 2015. The second stripping system was installed in 2015 after the assembly and adjustment. The beam commissioning based on the second stripping system will be finished and the extracted proton beam parameters will be measured in detail in this year.
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP15	Control System Dedicated for Beam Line of Proton Radiography on 100 MeV Cyclotron CYCIAE-100	proton, PLC, EPICS, interface	202
	Y.W. Zhang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, S.M. Wei, J.J. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	After the first beam on July 4 2014, CYCIAE-100's performance have been improved gradually and is ready for routine operation. There are 7 beam lines in total in the design stage, i.e. N1:ISOL, N2:isotope production, N3:beam dump, S1: single energy neutron, S2:white light neutron source, S3: radiobiological effect, S4:single event effect. The beam lines N2 and N3 were combined into one line during the construction. In the last two years, we propose to build to two new lines, one for principle verification of Proton Radiography, the other one for demonstration of proton therapy. Both of them are quite special. In this paper, a control system for the operation of the beam line of proton radiography, including the magnets, vacuum and water cooling, the beam intensity & profile diagnostics, and the imaging etc, will be presented.
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP16	The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, operation, target, vacuum	205
	Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP19	Neural Network Based Generalized Predictive Control for RFT-30 Cyclotron System	cyclotron, network, simulation, target	212
	Y.B. Kong, M.G. Hur, E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Yang KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea Y.D. Park Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
	Beamline tuning is time consuming and difficult work in accelerator system. In this work, we propose a neural generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach for the RFT-30 cyclotron beamline. The proposed approach performs system identification with the NN model and finds the control parameters for the beamline. Performance results show that the proposed approach helps to predict optimal parameters without real experiments with the accelerator.
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP22	PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier	vacuum, PLC, cyclotron, operation	215
	H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096) Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10
	Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUD02	Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax	cyclotron, operation, emittance, injection	235
	F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, J.B. Etienne, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, A. Herbert, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, D. Poyac, H. Trichet Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France S. Girault, F. Poirier CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France C. Huet EMN, Nantes, France E. Mace INSERM, Nantes, France
	Funding: This work has been supported in part by a grant from the French National Agency for Research called "Investissements d'Avenir", Equipex ArronaxPlus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004. The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 μA and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper.
	Slides TUD02 [2.746 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEB01	A New Digital Low-level RF Control System for Cyclotrons	FPGA, EPICS, cyclotron, operation	258
	W. Duckitt, J. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, M.J. Van Niekerk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa T.R. Niesler Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
	Stable control of amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) system is critical to the operation of cyclotrons. It directly influences system performance, operability, reliability and beam quality. iThemba LABS operates 13 RF systems between 8 and 81 MHz and at power levels of 50 W to 150 kW. A critical drive has been to replace the 30 year old analog RF control system with modern technology. To this effect a new generic digital low-level RF control system has been designed. The system is field programmable gate array (FPGA) based and is capable of synthesizing RF signals between 5 and 100 MHz in steps of 1 μHz. It can achieve a closed-loop amplitude stability of greater than 1/10000 and a closed-loop phase stability of less than 0.01°. Furthermore, the system is fully integrated with the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and all system and diagnostic parameters are available to the Control System Studio clients. Three prototypes of the system have been in operation since November 2014. A general analysis of RF control systems as well as the methodology of design, implementation, operational performance and future plans for the system is presented.
	Slides WEB01 [3.088 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THA02	New Developments at iThemba LABS	ion, cyclotron, ion-source, target	274
	J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, F. Nemulodi, G. Pfeiffer, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	iThemba LABS has been in operation for more than 30 years and is now at a stage at which refurbishment and ' in some cases ' replacement of the infrastructure and critical components is required. The replacement and refurbish-ment of the cooling system, which include the cooling tow-ers and chillers, the 4.4-MVA uninterruptable power sup-ply batteries and other critical components, are discussed. Progress with a facility for low-energy radioactive ion beams will be reported on. A proposal to remove radioiso-tope production from the separated sector cyclotron (SSC) and the production of the future radioisotopes with a com-mercial 70-MeV cyclotron to make more beam time avail-able for nuclear physics research with the SSC will also be discussed. Developments on our electron cyclotron reso-nance ion sources, the PIG ion source and low-level digital RF control system have also been carried out. Good pro-gress with integration of the existing control system to an EPICS control system has been made. The adoption of EtherCAT as our new industrial communication standard has enabled integration with much off-the-shelf motion, actuator and general interface hardware.
	Slides THA02 [4.138 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THB02	The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes	ion, cyclotron, target, ion-source	290
	J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.
	Slides THB02 [2.522 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP01	Development and Validation of a Fast Cryocooler Maintenance System	operation, vacuum, cryogenics, ion	301
	V. Nuttens, E. Forton, T. Lamon, Y. Paradis IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium A. Zhukovsky M.I.T. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, USA
	At IBA, we have been developing and testing new systems to simplify cryocooler maintenance at a minimal cost (material, interruption of service). A local heating system has been designed to heat-up both stages of a cryocooler to room temperature while keeping the cold mass at a low temperature. The heating system has to fulfill severe requirements such as high power density, compatibility with vacuum and low temperature, and easy operation. The whole system has been designed and tested in a dedicated test bench and then duplicated onto a full-size superconducting coil. It has been extensively tested under different conditions to prove that the heating system is robust and reliable and has no impact on the superconducting coil performance.
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP02	Planning Considerations for Radioisotope Production Cyclotron Projects - Regulatory Feedback	cyclotron, operation, target, shielding	303
	A.N. Alwani CNSC, Ottawa, Canada
	Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in projects to build, operate or upgrade cyclotrons in Canada. This is largely driven by their increased use for the production of radioisotopes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect health, safety, security and the environment in Canada. Its mandate includes the oversight of particle accelerators. The CNSC regulates the full life cycle of such facilities, with regulatory oversight though construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning activities. This paper outlines common practices for such projects, highlighting the particular aspects that should be considered in the early stages of project planning and providing examples of best practices and challenges that, if properly addressed, help ensure continued safe operation of the facility through its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the necessary elements of effective planning for such projects, touching on layout and space considerations; workload projection and maximum research capacity; shielding penetrations; cooling water circuit activity; storage of active components; management of radioactive waste from cyclotron and processing labs; construction and commissioning project management; integration of equipment safety systems and building safety systems; nuclear ventilation and filtration options; and strategies for staffing and training.
	Poster THP02 [1.456 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP07	Development of Control System for 10 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, vacuum, PLC, power-supply	319
	M. Hassani, H. Afarideh, Y. Ghorashinejad AUT, Tehran, Iran
	AmirKabir University of Technology is developing a 10 MeV cyclotron to produce radio isotopes. In order to operate the cyclotron stably, all sub-systems in the cyclotron are controlled and monitored consistently. The control system has been developed based on PLC and the operation is monitored by HMI permanently. Also, the control console located in the control room, provides data logging and controlling different steps of operation by the operator. In addition, the system can be remotely accessed over the network to monitor the status of cyclotron easily. The configuration of the control system for 10MeV cyclotron will be presented in this paper.
	Poster THP07 [1.257 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP19	Operational Status of the University of Washington Medical Cyclotron Facility	proton, neutron, radiation, cyclotron	351
	R.C. Emery, E.F. Dorman University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
	The University of Washington Medical Cyclotron Facility (UWMCF) is built around a Scanditronix MC-50 compact cyclotron that was commissioned 1983 and that has been in continual use since. Its primary purpose is the production of 50.5 MeV protons for fast neutron therapy. While this proton energy is too low for proton therapy, it is ideal for research in small animal models. In addition to the protons used for fast neutron therapy and proton therapy research, UWMCF is able to accelerate other particles at variable energies. This makes it ideal for medical isotope research, including isotopes such as 211At, 186Re, and 117mSn that are being developed to target and treat metastatic disease at the cellular level. Most recent upgrades to the facility have been to the control systems. The original accelerator and therapy control systems were run on a DEC PDP-11 with a custom centralized i/o system built around the Z80 processor and chipset. Over the last 10 years we have continually been upgrading the controls while remaining operational, moving to a distributed system developed with the open source Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) toolkit.
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP22	Status of the ISOL Cyclotron System in RISP	cyclotron, ISOL, target, proton	356
	J. Kang, H.M. Jang, B. Kang, J.-W. Kim, J.H. Lee IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	An ISOL system has been developed for providing neutron-rich RI beam to multi-disciplinary users by Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea. The ISOL system is composed of proton driver, target/ion source station, mass separator, charge breeder, and A/q separator. A selected beam of interest is then injected into re-accelerator, which is a superconducting linac. A 70-MeV proton cyclotron was chosen as the proton driver to induce direct fission of UCx target. The final goal of beam power on target is 70 kW, which will be achieved gradually from 10 kW during post-RISP. Commercial H⁻ compact cyclotrons and high-intensity separated cyclotrons have been considered for its extension of multi-purpose uses. In this paper, the specifications of the cyclotrons along with concerned issues and the status of our procurement plan will be presented.
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRB03	Proton Radiography Experiment Based on a 100 MeV Proton Cyclotron	proton, cyclotron, experiment, vacuum	401
	J.J. Yang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lv, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang, X. Zhen CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A proof-of-principle test-stand for proton radiography is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). This test-stand will utilize the 100 MeV proton beam provided by the compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100, which has been built in the year of 2014, to radiograph thin static objects. The assembling of the test-stand components is finished by now. We will carry out the first proton radiography experiment in this July and hopefully we can get the first image before the opening of this conference. In this paper, the designing, constructing and commissioning of the proton radiography system will be described and the experiment result will be presented and discussed.
	Slides FRB03 [2.764 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOB01

Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications

ion, cyclotron, acceleration, vacuum

16

S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama
QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
M. Fukuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10^-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.

Slides MOB01 [26.045 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA02

Challenges in Fast Beam Current Control Inside the Cyclotron for Fast Beam Delivery in Proton Therapy

proton, cyclotron, power-supply, target

126

S. Psoroulas, C. Bula, P. Fernandez Carmona, G. Klimpki, D. Meer, D.C. Weber
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
D.C. Weber
University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

Funding: G. Klimpki's work is supported by the "Giuliana and Giorgio Stefanini Foundation"
The COMET cyclotron* at PSI has been successfully used to treat patients with static tumors using the spot scanning technique, i.e. sequentially irradiating different positions inside the tumor volume. Irradiation time for each position ranges from micro- to milliseconds, with total treatment duration of about a minute. For some tumors (e.g. lung) physiological motion (e.g. respiration) interferes with the scanning motion of the beam, lowering treatment quality**. For such mobile tumors, we are developing a new technique called continuous line scanning (CLS), aiming at reducing treatment time by more than 50%. In CLS, dose rate should stabilize (within few percent) within tenths of a millisecond. We thus implemented a first prototype for fast, real-time beam control: a PID controller sets the internal electrostatic vertical deflector of the accelerator, regulating the beam current output based on the instantaneous current measured just before the patient and the knowledge of the transmission from the accelerator to the patient. In pre-clinical experiments, we achieved good control of the global dose delivered; open issues will be tackled in the next version of the controller.
*Schippers, J. M., et al (2007). NUCL INSTRUM METH B, 261(1-2), 773–776.
**Phillips, M. H., et al (1992). PMB 37(1), 223–233.

Slides TUA02 [1.790 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP10

A New Concept of High Current Power Supply for the Main Cyclotron Magnet at TRIUMF

power-supply, TRIUMF, cyclotron, interface

186

S. Carrozza, F. Burini, E. Ferrari, M.P. Pretelli, G.T. Taddia
OCEM, Valsamoggia, Italy
M.C. Bastos, G. Hudson, Q. King, G. Le Godec
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
I.V. Bylinskii, W. L. Louie, R.B. Nussbaumer
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

A sophisticated power supply was studied and de-signed to supply a high current to the main magnet of the TRIUMF cyclotron. The power supply will be operated with a current up to 20000 A in DC mode. It has been designed using a modular approach, with a 12-pulse input rectifier and two DC link which feeds sixteen DC/DC chopper modules in parallel connection. The conceived power supply integrates a sophisticated control and a precise current measurement chain devel-oped at CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper presents the solution described in the de-sign report, the choice of the main purchased components which will lead to a final assembly and test before the end of 2016.

Poster TUP10 [1.076 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP14

The Assembly and Adjustment of the Second Stripping Probe System for CYCIAE-100

proton, cyclotron, extraction, PLC

199

Shizhong. An, L.C. Cao, X.L. Fu, Z.G. Li, G.S. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, Y. Wang, L.P. Wen, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A 100 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CYCIAE-100). The proton beams ranging from 75 MeV - 100 MeV with 200 μA beam intensity will be extracted in dual opposite direction by charge exchange stripping devices. The stripping probe system is the key part of extraction system for CYCIAE-100. The first stripping extraction system was installed in 2014 and it has satisfied all kinds of requirements for the proton beam extraction. The first 100 MeV proton beam was got on July 4, 2014 and the beam current was stably maintained at above 25 μA for about 9 hours on July 25, 2014. The first RIB with ISOL system driven by 100 MeV proton beam was generated in 2015. The second stripping system was installed in 2015 after the assembly and adjustment. The beam commissioning based on the second stripping system will be finished and the extracted proton beam parameters will be measured in detail in this year.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP15

Control System Dedicated for Beam Line of Proton Radiography on 100 MeV Cyclotron CYCIAE-100

proton, PLC, EPICS, interface

202

Y.W. Zhang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, S.M. Wei, J.J. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

After the first beam on July 4 2014, CYCIAE-100's performance have been improved gradually and is ready for routine operation. There are 7 beam lines in total in the design stage, i.e. N1:ISOL, N2:isotope production, N3:beam dump, S1: single energy neutron, S2:white light neutron source, S3: radiobiological effect, S4:single event effect. The beam lines N2 and N3 were combined into one line during the construction. In the last two years, we propose to build to two new lines, one for principle verification of Proton Radiography, the other one for demonstration of proton therapy. Both of them are quite special. In this paper, a control system for the operation of the beam line of proton radiography, including the magnets, vacuum and water cooling, the beam intensity & profile diagnostics, and the imaging etc, will be presented.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP16

The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron

cyclotron, operation, target, vacuum

205

Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP19

Neural Network Based Generalized Predictive Control for RFT-30 Cyclotron System

cyclotron, network, simulation, target

212

Y.B. Kong, M.G. Hur, E.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Yang
KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
Y.D. Park
Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea

Beamline tuning is time consuming and difficult work in accelerator system. In this work, we propose a neural generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach for the RFT-30 cyclotron beamline. The proposed approach performs system identification with the NN model and finds the control parameters for the beamline. Performance results show that the proposed approach helps to predict optimal parameters without real experiments with the accelerator.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP22

PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier

vacuum, PLC, cyclotron, operation

215

H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096)
Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10

Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUD02

Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax

cyclotron, operation, emittance, injection

235

F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, J.B. Etienne, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, A. Herbert, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, D. Poyac, H. Trichet
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
S. Girault, F. Poirier
CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France
C. Huet
EMN, Nantes, France
E. Mace
INSERM, Nantes, France

Funding: This work has been supported in part by a grant from the French National Agency for Research called "Investissements d'Avenir", Equipex ArronaxPlus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004.
The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 μA and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper.

Slides TUD02 [2.746 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEB01

A New Digital Low-level RF Control System for Cyclotrons

FPGA, EPICS, cyclotron, operation

258

W. Duckitt, J. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, M.J. Van Niekerk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
T.R. Niesler
Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa

Stable control of amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) system is critical to the operation of cyclotrons. It directly influences system performance, operability, reliability and beam quality. iThemba LABS operates 13 RF systems between 8 and 81 MHz and at power levels of 50 W to 150 kW. A critical drive has been to replace the 30 year old analog RF control system with modern technology. To this effect a new generic digital low-level RF control system has been designed. The system is field programmable gate array (FPGA) based and is capable of synthesizing RF signals between 5 and 100 MHz in steps of 1 μHz. It can achieve a closed-loop amplitude stability of greater than 1/10000 and a closed-loop phase stability of less than 0.01°. Furthermore, the system is fully integrated with the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and all system and diagnostic parameters are available to the Control System Studio clients. Three prototypes of the system have been in operation since November 2014. A general analysis of RF control systems as well as the methodology of design, implementation, operational performance and future plans for the system is presented.

Slides WEB01 [3.088 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THA02

New Developments at iThemba LABS

ion, cyclotron, ion-source, target

274

J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, S. Baard, R.A. Bark, A.H. Barnard, J.I. Broodryk, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, P.G. Gardiner, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, J. Mira, H.W. Mostert, F. Nemulodi, G. Pfeiffer, M. Sakildien, G.F. Steyn, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, M. Rossignoli
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

iThemba LABS has been in operation for more than 30 years and is now at a stage at which refurbishment and ' in some cases ' replacement of the infrastructure and critical components is required. The replacement and refurbish-ment of the cooling system, which include the cooling tow-ers and chillers, the 4.4-MVA uninterruptable power sup-ply batteries and other critical components, are discussed. Progress with a facility for low-energy radioactive ion beams will be reported on. A proposal to remove radioiso-tope production from the separated sector cyclotron (SSC) and the production of the future radioisotopes with a com-mercial 70-MeV cyclotron to make more beam time avail-able for nuclear physics research with the SSC will also be discussed. Developments on our electron cyclotron reso-nance ion sources, the PIG ion source and low-level digital RF control system have also been carried out. Good pro-gress with integration of the existing control system to an EPICS control system has been made. The adoption of EtherCAT as our new industrial communication standard has enabled integration with much off-the-shelf motion, actuator and general interface hardware.

Slides THA02 [4.138 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THB02

The Ionetix ION-12SC Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes

ion, cyclotron, target, ion-source

290

J.J. Vincent, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, K. Stevens, N.R. Usher, X. Wu
Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA
V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

A 12.5 MeV, 25 μA, proton compact superconducting cyclotron for medical isotope production has been produced. The machine is initially aimed at producing 13N ammonia for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cardiology applications. With an ultra-compact size and cost-effective price point, this system offers clinicians unprecedented access to the preferred radiopharmaceutical isotope for cardiac PET imaging. A systems approach that carefully balanced the subsystem requirements coupled to precise beam dynamics calculations was followed. The system is designed to irradiate a liquid target internal to the cyclotron and to minimize the need for radiation shielding. The overall engineering, construction, commissioning, and experience at the first customer site will be described here.

Slides THB02 [2.522 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP01

Development and Validation of a Fast Cryocooler Maintenance System

operation, vacuum, cryogenics, ion

301

V. Nuttens, E. Forton, T. Lamon, Y. Paradis
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
A. Zhukovsky
M.I.T. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, USA

At IBA, we have been developing and testing new systems to simplify cryocooler maintenance at a minimal cost (material, interruption of service). A local heating system has been designed to heat-up both stages of a cryocooler to room temperature while keeping the cold mass at a low temperature. The heating system has to fulfill severe requirements such as high power density, compatibility with vacuum and low temperature, and easy operation. The whole system has been designed and tested in a dedicated test bench and then duplicated onto a full-size superconducting coil. It has been extensively tested under different conditions to prove that the heating system is robust and reliable and has no impact on the superconducting coil performance.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP02

Planning Considerations for Radioisotope Production Cyclotron Projects - Regulatory Feedback

cyclotron, operation, target, shielding

303

A.N. Alwani
CNSC, Ottawa, Canada

Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in projects to build, operate or upgrade cyclotrons in Canada. This is largely driven by their increased use for the production of radioisotopes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect health, safety, security and the environment in Canada. Its mandate includes the oversight of particle accelerators. The CNSC regulates the full life cycle of such facilities, with regulatory oversight though construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning activities. This paper outlines common practices for such projects, highlighting the particular aspects that should be considered in the early stages of project planning and providing examples of best practices and challenges that, if properly addressed, help ensure continued safe operation of the facility through its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the necessary elements of effective planning for such projects, touching on layout and space considerations; workload projection and maximum research capacity; shielding penetrations; cooling water circuit activity; storage of active components; management of radioactive waste from cyclotron and processing labs; construction and commissioning project management; integration of equipment safety systems and building safety systems; nuclear ventilation and filtration options; and strategies for staffing and training.

Poster THP02 [1.456 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP07

Development of Control System for 10 MeV Cyclotron

cyclotron, vacuum, PLC, power-supply

319

M. Hassani, H. Afarideh, Y. Ghorashinejad
AUT, Tehran, Iran

AmirKabir University of Technology is developing a 10 MeV cyclotron to produce radio isotopes. In order to operate the cyclotron stably, all sub-systems in the cyclotron are controlled and monitored consistently. The control system has been developed based on PLC and the operation is monitored by HMI permanently. Also, the control console located in the control room, provides data logging and controlling different steps of operation by the operator. In addition, the system can be remotely accessed over the network to monitor the status of cyclotron easily. The configuration of the control system for 10MeV cyclotron will be presented in this paper.

Poster THP07 [1.257 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP19

Operational Status of the University of Washington Medical Cyclotron Facility

proton, neutron, radiation, cyclotron

351

R.C. Emery, E.F. Dorman
University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

The University of Washington Medical Cyclotron Facility (UWMCF) is built around a Scanditronix MC-50 compact cyclotron that was commissioned 1983 and that has been in continual use since. Its primary purpose is the production of 50.5 MeV protons for fast neutron therapy. While this proton energy is too low for proton therapy, it is ideal for research in small animal models. In addition to the protons used for fast neutron therapy and proton therapy research, UWMCF is able to accelerate other particles at variable energies. This makes it ideal for medical isotope research, including isotopes such as 211At, 186Re, and 117mSn that are being developed to target and treat metastatic disease at the cellular level. Most recent upgrades to the facility have been to the control systems. The original accelerator and therapy control systems were run on a DEC PDP-11 with a custom centralized i/o system built around the Z80 processor and chipset. Over the last 10 years we have continually been upgrading the controls while remaining operational, moving to a distributed system developed with the open source Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) toolkit.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THP22

Status of the ISOL Cyclotron System in RISP

cyclotron, ISOL, target, proton

356

J. Kang, H.M. Jang, B. Kang, J.-W. Kim, J.H. Lee
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

An ISOL system has been developed for providing neutron-rich RI beam to multi-disciplinary users by Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea. The ISOL system is composed of proton driver, target/ion source station, mass separator, charge breeder, and A/q separator. A selected beam of interest is then injected into re-accelerator, which is a superconducting linac. A 70-MeV proton cyclotron was chosen as the proton driver to induce direct fission of UCx target. The final goal of beam power on target is 70 kW, which will be achieved gradually from 10 kW during post-RISP. Commercial H⁻ compact cyclotrons and high-intensity separated cyclotrons have been considered for its extension of multi-purpose uses. In this paper, the specifications of the cyclotrons along with concerned issues and the status of our procurement plan will be presented.

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRB03

Proton Radiography Experiment Based on a 100 MeV Proton Cyclotron

proton, cyclotron, experiment, vacuum

401

J.J. Yang, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lv, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, Y.W. Zhang, X. Zhen
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A proof-of-principle test-stand for proton radiography is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). This test-stand will utilize the 100 MeV proton beam provided by the compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100, which has been built in the year of 2014, to radiograph thin static objects. The assembling of the test-stand components is finished by now. We will carry out the first proton radiography experiment in this July and hopefully we can get the first image before the opening of this conference. In this paper, the designing, constructing and commissioning of the proton radiography system will be described and the experiment result will be presented and discussed.

Slides FRB03 [2.764 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)