Cyclotrons2016 - List of Keywords (acceleration)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA01	Operational Experience and Upgrade Plans of the RIBF Accelerator Complex	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, operation	1
	H. Okuno, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is the cyclotron based accelerator facility for nuclear science, completed in the end of 2006. Now RIBF can provide the most intense RI beams. Continuous efforts since the first beam has increased the beam intensity and made stable operation. In 2016, 49.8 pnA (3×10¹¹/sec) of uranium ion beam could be extracted from the final accelerator SRC with energy of 345 MeV/u. An intensity upgrade program has been proposed to increase the intensity of uranium ion by more than twenty. The program includes two subjects. First, space charge limit of the beam intensity in the low energy ring cyclotron (RRC) should be increased by replacing the existing resonators with the new one to get higher accelerating voltage. The second is skip of the first stripper, requiring a new ring cyclotron (FRC) just after the first stripper to increase the maximum magnetic rigidity so as to accept low charge state. This presentation show a conceptual design of the new cyclotron with some issues to realize the intensity upgrade.
	Slides MOA01 [8.610 MB]
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MOA02	Upgrade of the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron for Beam Power Higher than 2-5 kW	cyclotron, extraction, ion, vacuum	7
	L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, G. Cuttone, G. D'Agostino, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron has been in operation for more than 20 years, delivering to users a considerable variety of ion species from H to Pb, with energy in the range 10 to 80 A MeV. Up to now the maximum beam power has been limited to 100 W due to the beam dissipation in the electrostatic deflectors. To fulfill the users request, aiming to study rare processes in Nuclear Physics, the beam power has been planned to be increased up to 2-10 kW for ions with mass lower than 40 a.m.u., to be extracted by stripping. This development will maintain the present performance of the machine, i.e. the existing extraction mode will be maintained for all the ion species allowed by the operating diagram. To achieve this goal, a significant refurbishing operation of the cyclotron is needed, including a new cryostat with new superconducting coils, a new extraction channel with a large vertical gap, additional penetrations to host new magnetic channels and new compensation bars. Moreover the vacuum in the acceleration chamber is planned to be improved by replacing the liners and the trim coils. A general description of the refurbishing project will be presented.
	Slides MOA02 [11.857 MB]
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MOB01	Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications	ion, cyclotron, controls, vacuum	16
	S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan M. Fukuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10^-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.
	Slides MOB01 [26.045 MB]
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MOB02	Simulation and Detection of the Helical Ion-Paths in a Small Cyclotron	ion, simulation, cyclotron, experiment	21
	C.R. Wolf FZJ, Jülich, Germany M. Prechtl, R. Rueß HS Coburg, Coburg, Germany
	The small cyclotron COLUMBUS, which was developed by Gymnasium Ernestinum in cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg, is a particle accelerator for education and teaching purposes. Since its inception, the cyclotron has been under continuous development and is part of the newly established student research center of the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg. This cyclotron accelerates hydrogen ions; the positions of them are registered after a few revolutions by a faraday cup which is moved across their paths by a Linear Translator. This thesis presents a MathLab Simulation of the orbits of the accelerated Hydrogen ions. In contrast to simpler models, which approximate the orbits in the acceleration gap by a straight line, this simulation takes into account the deflection by the magnetic field to get a more realistic result for the initial paths and the positions on which the ions are registered.
	Slides MOB02 [1.461 MB]
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MODM01	Design Study of the 250 MeV Isochronous Superconducting Cyclotron Magnet	proton, cyclotron, extraction, magnet-design	33
	W. Chen, Z.K. Liang, X. Liu Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China K. Fan, K.F. Liu, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Superconducting cyclotron is an optimum choice to deliver high quality continuous wave (CW) proton beams for proton therapy with its compactness and power saving. Field isochronism and tune optimization are the two crucial factors of cyclotrons during the magnet design. This paper is concentrated on the superconducting magnet design, mainly including the spiral magnet, isochronous field and the tune optimization. The main parameters and some features of the machine will be presented.
	Slides MODM01 [0.623 MB]
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MOP06	Physical Design of the Extraction Trim-Rods in a 230 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron	extraction, cyclotron, proton, feedback	61
	D.S. Zhang, M. Li, C. Wang, J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Two electrostatic deflectors are used for beam extraction of the 230 MeV superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230, which is under development at CIAE. Resonance crossing and processional motion are introduced by a first harmonic bump of main field during the beam dynamics design to increase the turn separation and accordingly the extraction efficiency. Four trim-rods of variable depth are employed to generate the desirable field bump for their stability, the amplitude and azimuth of first harmonic bump can be adjusted with different size and depth of trim-rods. However, effect on isochronous field in acceleration region is followed by trim-rods in practice, therefore the base depth of trim-rods need to be designed and re-shimming procedure of main magnet model need to be implemented interactively. The effect of trim-rods and isochronous field production by a new model will be presented in this paper.
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MOP08	Investigation of Minimized Consumption Power about 10 MeV Cyclotron for Acceleration of Negative Hydrogen	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, radio-frequency	64
	J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (No. NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096). SKKUCY-10 cyclotron with 10 MeV particle energy was designed with purpose of production about fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). Design strategy was maximization of accelerating voltage in order to secure the turn separa-tion. Magnet had deep valley type, RF cavity had four stems and one RF power coupler. There was internal ion source for compact design of cyclotron. Specification of cyclotron was analysed by simulating particle dynamics for central region and whole system. AVF cyclotron had 83.2 MHz of radio frequency, 1.36 T of average magnetic field, 40 kV of main accelerating voltage. Phase slip between RF and beam was less than 15 degrees, minimum turn separation was over 2 mm. Specifications of both single beam analysis of reference particle and multi-beam analysis of bunch of particles were calculated by using Cyclone v8.4 and CST-Particle studio codes.
	Poster MOP08 [4.292 MB]
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MOP10	Numerical Orbit Tracking in 3D Through the Injector Cyclotron for Heavy Ions at iThemba LABS	cyclotron, extraction, injection, emittance	71
	J.G. De Villiers, J.I. Broodryk, J.L. Conradie, F. Nemulodi, R.W. Thomae iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Jointly supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (No. 92793) and National Science Foundation of China (No. 11461141003). The RF and magnetic fields of the injector cyclotron (SPC2) were modelled in 3D with finite element methods, using OPERA-3d, in an effort to determine the cause of the relative poor beam transmission through the machine in the 8-turn mode. Simulation of the particle motion in SPC2 was done using machine operational parameters for acceleration of 20Ne³⁺. The isochronous magnetic field is calculated from a complete cyclotron magnet model and the electrostatic field distribution from a dee electrode model, using TOSCA. The modelling of the high frequency resonance conditions of the resonators with SOPRANO-EV provided the relative variation of the electric field profiles in the acceleration gaps. A command line program was developed to combine the information of the three models and implement time-dependent control of the electrostatic fields during the particle tracking. In addition, based on calculated data from OPERA-3D, the parallel particle-in-cell code OPAL-CYCL was used to calculate a particle orbit for comparison with OPERA-3d. The models, methods and calculated results will be presented.
	Poster MOP10 [2.178 MB]
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TUB04	Acceleration of Polarized Deuteron Beams with RIBF Cyclotrons	cyclotron, ion, extraction, ion-source	145
	N. Sakamoto, N. Fukunishi, M. Kase, K. Suda RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan K. Sekiguchi Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan
	We have recently performed experiments with polarized deuteron beams at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). Tensor- and vector-polarized deuterons were produced using the RIKEN polarized ion source (PIS), which is an atomic-beam-type ion source equipped with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ionizer, and were accelerated to 190 MeV/u, 250 MeV/u, and 300 MeV/u with a cyclotron cascade. To measure the various spin observables, the spin orientation of the deuteron beams was freely directed by using a Wien filter. The advantage of this method is that since the velocity of the deuteron is low the size of a magnet required for the spin rotation is very compact. On the other hand it is crucial to realize strict single-turn extraction for each cyclotron because the cyclotron magnetic field causes precession of the deuteron spin resulting in a deviation between its spin orientation and the beam propagation direction. This paper describes the acceleration of the polarized deuteron beams by the RIBF accelerators and the method to confirm single-turn extraction.
	Slides TUB04 [13.581 MB]
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TUC02	Charge Stripper Ring for Cyclotron Cascade	ion, cyclotron, heavy-ion, lattice	155
	H. Imao RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, K. Yamada, Y. Yano RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	In the multi-stage acceleration of heavy ions such as the acceleration at the RIKEN RI beam factory (RIBF), the electron stripping process with charge strippers is an inevitable process for the efficient acceleration. Typical efficiencies, however, for the charge-state conversion of very heavy ions are about 15-30% with common charge strippers. Actually, the total efficiency of two charge strippers for the uranium acceleration at the RIBF is only 6%. The low conversion efficiency is an important bottleneck for the intensity upgrade. Multi-charge acceleration proposed in the FRIB project is a unique method for linac to drastically increase the low conversion efficiency. The method, unfortunately, is not applicable for the ring accelerators such as cyclotrons. In the present study, we designed high-efficient charge stripper rings which have applicability to the cyclotron cascade using the technical knowledge of gas stripper recently developed at the RIBF.
	Slides TUC02 [5.544 MB]
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TUP06	Design of the Cyclone®70p	cyclotron, vacuum, cavity, proton	175
	S. Zaremba, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The IBA CYCLONE®70p is a high intensity 70 MeV proton-only cyclotron dedicated to the production of radioisotopes for PET generators and SPECT. The nominal power of the extracted beam goes above 50kW (750μA@70MeV). The proton-only cyclotron was developed based on the previous experience of the multi-particle Cyclone® 70XP running in Nantes, France. Numerical tools have been extensively used to optimize the magnetic field, to avoid potentially harmful resonances during acceleration and improve the acceleration efficiency of the cyclotron. In addition, electromagnetic and mechanical calculations permitted to obtain a low dissipated power and electromechanically robust design of the RF system. The vacuum computations have permitted to optimize the beam transmission, the placement and type of cryopumps. This new development of CYCLONE®70p was the initial part of the successfully finished IBA project also presented during this conference [1].
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TUP07	Commissioning and Testing of the First IBA S2C2	emittance, timing, proton, cyclotron	178
	S. Henrotin, M. Abs, E. Forton, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The first unit of the IBA superconducting synchrocyclotron (S2C2) has been installed in Nice, France, and is currently being commissioned. In this communication, we will present some issues encountered during the commissioning of our first synchrocyclotron for protontherapy. We will mainly focus on beam aspects, showing the influence of several machine parameters on beam properties like stability, energy and intensity.
	Poster TUP07 [1.403 MB]
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TUD04	BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro	cyclotron, target, operation, vacuum	241
	V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.
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WEB04	A Coupled Cyclotron Solution for Carbon Ions Acceleration	cyclotron, ion, injection, extraction	270
	V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	A concept of coupled cyclotrons for acceleration of carbon ions (charge 6+) to 400 MeV/nucleon by a separated sector cyclotron consisting of six sector magnets with superconducting coils is proposed. Injection to the machine will be provided by a compact 70 MeV/nucleon cyclotron. The accelerator complex is intended for setting up a radiation therapy facility employing carbon ions. The advantages of the dual cyclotron design are typical of cyclotron-based solutions. The first design studies of the sector magnet of the main cyclotron (magnetic field increases from 4.2 T to 6.5 T, RF frequency 73.56 MHz, RF mode 6) show that it is feasible with acceptable beam dynamics. The accelerator has a relatively compact size (outer diameter of 8 m) and can be an alternative to synchrotrons.
	Slides WEB04 [1.849 MB]
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THP13	Study on Energy Upgrade and Beam Transmission Efficiencies for RIKEN K-70 AVF Cyclotron	proton, cyclotron, operation, ion	332
	J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, M. Kase RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan Y. Kotaka CNS, Saitama, Japan
	The RIKEN K-70 AVF cyclotron has been operated since 1989 and is used as a stand-alone machine and an injector to the RI-beam factory (RIBF). It is operated only in the RF harmonics (H) equal to 2 presently, and the maximum beam energies are restricted to be within 14 MeV for protons and 12.5 MeV/u for M/Q = 2 ions. In order to meet the usersÂ’ requests of beam energy upgrade, the beam simulation studies on the H=1 operation were made, and the central region was modified; these results were already reported in this conference of 2010. In this paper, we will analyze the difference in the transmission efficiency between the beam simulation and measured data in the H=2 operation after the modification of the central region. Moreover, we will also mention the result on the acceleration test of protons at higher energies in the H=1 operation.
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THC01	KURRI FFAG's Future Project as ADSR Proton Driver	neutron, experiment, proton, simulation	366
	Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, M. Sakamoto, T. Uesugi Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	The accelerator complex using FFAG synchrotrons at KURRI* has been operated for the ADSR experiments connecting the 100 MeV proton beam line with the research reactor facility so called KUCA* since 2009. Fruitful results have been produced for the reactor physics using various configurations of the nuclear fuel core and variations of the neutron production target. Since higher energy beams such as 300 - 500 MeV are desired for the further study of the ADSR system, we are investigating the energy upgrade possibility of the accelerator complex. One of the candidates is to construct a new FFAG ring which adopts continuous acceleration with fixed frequency (serpentine acceleration) outside of the existing. These higher energy beams can be used for neutron or muon production experiments as well as ADSR study. KURRI* Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute ADSR Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor KUCA* Kyoto University Critical Assembly
	Slides THC01 [11.777 MB]
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THC03	Compact Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 for Proton Therapy	cyclotron, extraction, proton, simulation	371
	G.A. Karamysheva, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, H. Feng, J. Li, Y. Song, Y.H. Xie, Q. Yang, J. Zheng ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China D.V. Popov JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	Superconducting cyclotron SC200 will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current of 1 μA. We plan to manufacture in China two cyclotrons: one will operate in Hefei cyclotron medical center the other will replace Phasotron in Medico-technical Center JINR Dubna and will be used for cancer therapy by protons. Now we present results of simulation of magnetic, acceleratiion and extraction systems.
	Slides THC03 [2.798 MB]
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FRA01	Single Stage Cyclotron for an ADS Demonstrator	cyclotron, extraction, proton, injection	387
	P. Mandrillon, M. Conjat AIMA, Nice, France
	In order to cope with the challenge of an industrial ADS driver demonstrator in the range of 3 to 4 MWatt nominal driving power, it is mandatory to propose an accelerator design able to address highly demanding criteria which are a challenge for high power accelerator designers: the number of beam trips per year and the mean down-time per beam interruption should be drastically reduced. Taking into account the outstanding performances of the PSI ring cyclotrons, it is clear that cyclotrons are competitive challengers to high power linacs. The preliminary design studies of the Single Stage Cyclotron Driver of the AIMA Company could be an attractive solution in terms of cost effectiveness, reliability and power efficiency. Some critical aspects of this design will be presented in this paper.
	Slides FRA01 [5.907 MB]
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA01

Operational Experience and Upgrade Plans of the RIBF Accelerator Complex

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, operation

1

H. Okuno, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is the cyclotron based accelerator facility for nuclear science, completed in the end of 2006. Now RIBF can provide the most intense RI beams. Continuous efforts since the first beam has increased the beam intensity and made stable operation. In 2016, 49.8 pnA (3×10¹¹/sec) of uranium ion beam could be extracted from the final accelerator SRC with energy of 345 MeV/u. An intensity upgrade program has been proposed to increase the intensity of uranium ion by more than twenty. The program includes two subjects. First, space charge limit of the beam intensity in the low energy ring cyclotron (RRC) should be increased by replacing the existing resonators with the new one to get higher accelerating voltage. The second is skip of the first stripper, requiring a new ring cyclotron (FRC) just after the first stripper to increase the maximum magnetic rigidity so as to accept low charge state. This presentation show a conceptual design of the new cyclotron with some issues to realize the intensity upgrade.

Slides MOA01 [8.610 MB]

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MOA02

Upgrade of the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron for Beam Power Higher than 2-5 kW

cyclotron, extraction, ion, vacuum

7

L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, G. Cuttone, G. D'Agostino, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron has been in operation for more than 20 years, delivering to users a considerable variety of ion species from H to Pb, with energy in the range 10 to 80 A MeV. Up to now the maximum beam power has been limited to 100 W due to the beam dissipation in the electrostatic deflectors. To fulfill the users request, aiming to study rare processes in Nuclear Physics, the beam power has been planned to be increased up to 2-10 kW for ions with mass lower than 40 a.m.u., to be extracted by stripping. This development will maintain the present performance of the machine, i.e. the existing extraction mode will be maintained for all the ion species allowed by the operating diagram. To achieve this goal, a significant refurbishing operation of the cyclotron is needed, including a new cryostat with new superconducting coils, a new extraction channel with a large vertical gap, additional penetrations to host new magnetic channels and new compensation bars. Moreover the vacuum in the acceleration chamber is planned to be improved by replacing the liners and the trim coils. A general description of the refurbishing project will be presented.

Slides MOA02 [11.857 MB]

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MOB01

Cyclotron Technology and Beam Dynamics for Microbeam Applications

ion, cyclotron, controls, vacuum

16

S. Kurashima, H. Kashiwagi, N. Miyawaki, S. Okumura, T. Satoh, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama
QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
M. Fukuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We have been improving a beam quality of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) cyclotron to form a heavy-ion microbeam with a spot size about 1 μm. The microbeam is used to irradiate such as living cells and semiconductor devices. In order to form the microbeam using focusing lenses, an energy spread on the order of 10^-4 is required to eliminate chromatic aberration in the focusing lenses. A flat-top acceleration system using the fifth-harmonic frequency of the acceleration frequency was installed in the cyclotron to reduce the energy spread. In addition, a new center region, a magnetic field stabilization system and an acceleration phase control technique were developed to provide the microbeam stably for beam users. The energy spread of a 260 MeV Ne beam was reduced to 0.05% by the flat-top acceleration, and the microbeam with a spot size of approximately 1 um was successfully formed. However it takes about 8 h to tune the cyclotron and the focusing lenses. A cocktail beam acceleration technique was introduced to quickly change the microbeam to the other one within 0.5 h, and several microbeams can be used in a beam time as a result.

Slides MOB01 [26.045 MB]

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MOB02

Simulation and Detection of the Helical Ion-Paths in a Small Cyclotron

ion, simulation, cyclotron, experiment

21

C.R. Wolf
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
M. Prechtl, R. Rueß
HS Coburg, Coburg, Germany

The small cyclotron COLUMBUS, which was developed by Gymnasium Ernestinum in cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg, is a particle accelerator for education and teaching purposes. Since its inception, the cyclotron has been under continuous development and is part of the newly established student research center of the University of Applied Sciences of Coburg. This cyclotron accelerates hydrogen ions; the positions of them are registered after a few revolutions by a faraday cup which is moved across their paths by a Linear Translator. This thesis presents a MathLab Simulation of the orbits of the accelerated Hydrogen ions. In contrast to simpler models, which approximate the orbits in the acceleration gap by a straight line, this simulation takes into account the deflection by the magnetic field to get a more realistic result for the initial paths and the positions on which the ions are registered.

Slides MOB02 [1.461 MB]

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MODM01

Design Study of the 250 MeV Isochronous Superconducting Cyclotron Magnet

proton, cyclotron, extraction, magnet-design

33

W. Chen, Z.K. Liang, X. Liu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
K. Fan, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Superconducting cyclotron is an optimum choice to deliver high quality continuous wave (CW) proton beams for proton therapy with its compactness and power saving. Field isochronism and tune optimization are the two crucial factors of cyclotrons during the magnet design. This paper is concentrated on the superconducting magnet design, mainly including the spiral magnet, isochronous field and the tune optimization. The main parameters and some features of the machine will be presented.

Slides MODM01 [0.623 MB]

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MOP06

Physical Design of the Extraction Trim-Rods in a 230 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron

extraction, cyclotron, proton, feedback

61

D.S. Zhang, M. Li, C. Wang, J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Two electrostatic deflectors are used for beam extraction of the 230 MeV superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230, which is under development at CIAE. Resonance crossing and processional motion are introduced by a first harmonic bump of main field during the beam dynamics design to increase the turn separation and accordingly the extraction efficiency. Four trim-rods of variable depth are employed to generate the desirable field bump for their stability, the amplitude and azimuth of first harmonic bump can be adjusted with different size and depth of trim-rods. However, effect on isochronous field in acceleration region is followed by trim-rods in practice, therefore the base depth of trim-rods need to be designed and re-shimming procedure of main magnet model need to be implemented interactively. The effect of trim-rods and isochronous field production by a new model will be presented in this paper.

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MOP08

Investigation of Minimized Consumption Power about 10 MeV Cyclotron for Acceleration of Negative Hydrogen

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, radio-frequency

64

J.C. Lee, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (No. NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096).
SKKUCY-10 cyclotron with 10 MeV particle energy was designed with purpose of production about fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). Design strategy was maximization of accelerating voltage in order to secure the turn separa-tion. Magnet had deep valley type, RF cavity had four stems and one RF power coupler. There was internal ion source for compact design of cyclotron. Specification of cyclotron was analysed by simulating particle dynamics for central region and whole system. AVF cyclotron had 83.2 MHz of radio frequency, 1.36 T of average magnetic field, 40 kV of main accelerating voltage. Phase slip between RF and beam was less than 15 degrees, minimum turn separation was over 2 mm. Specifications of both single beam analysis of reference particle and multi-beam analysis of bunch of particles were calculated by using Cyclone v8.4 and CST-Particle studio codes.

Poster MOP08 [4.292 MB]

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MOP10

Numerical Orbit Tracking in 3D Through the Injector Cyclotron for Heavy Ions at iThemba LABS

cyclotron, extraction, injection, emittance

71

J.G. De Villiers, J.I. Broodryk, J.L. Conradie, F. Nemulodi, R.W. Thomae
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Jointly supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (No. 92793) and National Science Foundation of China (No. 11461141003).
The RF and magnetic fields of the injector cyclotron (SPC2) were modelled in 3D with finite element methods, using OPERA-3d, in an effort to determine the cause of the relative poor beam transmission through the machine in the 8-turn mode. Simulation of the particle motion in SPC2 was done using machine operational parameters for acceleration of 20Ne³⁺. The isochronous magnetic field is calculated from a complete cyclotron magnet model and the electrostatic field distribution from a dee electrode model, using TOSCA. The modelling of the high frequency resonance conditions of the resonators with SOPRANO-EV provided the relative variation of the electric field profiles in the acceleration gaps. A command line program was developed to combine the information of the three models and implement time-dependent control of the electrostatic fields during the particle tracking. In addition, based on calculated data from OPERA-3D, the parallel particle-in-cell code OPAL-CYCL was used to calculate a particle orbit for comparison with OPERA-3d. The models, methods and calculated results will be presented.

Poster MOP10 [2.178 MB]

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TUB04

Acceleration of Polarized Deuteron Beams with RIBF Cyclotrons

cyclotron, ion, extraction, ion-source

145

N. Sakamoto, N. Fukunishi, M. Kase, K. Suda
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
K. Sekiguchi
Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan

We have recently performed experiments with polarized deuteron beams at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). Tensor- and vector-polarized deuterons were produced using the RIKEN polarized ion source (PIS), which is an atomic-beam-type ion source equipped with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ionizer, and were accelerated to 190 MeV/u, 250 MeV/u, and 300 MeV/u with a cyclotron cascade. To measure the various spin observables, the spin orientation of the deuteron beams was freely directed by using a Wien filter. The advantage of this method is that since the velocity of the deuteron is low the size of a magnet required for the spin rotation is very compact. On the other hand it is crucial to realize strict single-turn extraction for each cyclotron because the cyclotron magnetic field causes precession of the deuteron spin resulting in a deviation between its spin orientation and the beam propagation direction. This paper describes the acceleration of the polarized deuteron beams by the RIBF accelerators and the method to confirm single-turn extraction.

Slides TUB04 [13.581 MB]

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TUC02

Charge Stripper Ring for Cyclotron Cascade

ion, cyclotron, heavy-ion, lattice

155

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, K. Yamada, Y. Yano
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

In the multi-stage acceleration of heavy ions such as the acceleration at the RIKEN RI beam factory (RIBF), the electron stripping process with charge strippers is an inevitable process for the efficient acceleration. Typical efficiencies, however, for the charge-state conversion of very heavy ions are about 15-30% with common charge strippers. Actually, the total efficiency of two charge strippers for the uranium acceleration at the RIBF is only 6%. The low conversion efficiency is an important bottleneck for the intensity upgrade. Multi-charge acceleration proposed in the FRIB project is a unique method for linac to drastically increase the low conversion efficiency. The method, unfortunately, is not applicable for the ring accelerators such as cyclotrons. In the present study, we designed high-efficient charge stripper rings which have applicability to the cyclotron cascade using the technical knowledge of gas stripper recently developed at the RIBF.

Slides TUC02 [5.544 MB]

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TUP06

Design of the Cyclone®70p

cyclotron, vacuum, cavity, proton

175

S. Zaremba, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, V. Nuttens, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The IBA CYCLONE®70p is a high intensity 70 MeV proton-only cyclotron dedicated to the production of radioisotopes for PET generators and SPECT. The nominal power of the extracted beam goes above 50kW (750μA@70MeV). The proton-only cyclotron was developed based on the previous experience of the multi-particle Cyclone® 70XP running in Nantes, France. Numerical tools have been extensively used to optimize the magnetic field, to avoid potentially harmful resonances during acceleration and improve the acceleration efficiency of the cyclotron. In addition, electromagnetic and mechanical calculations permitted to obtain a low dissipated power and electromechanically robust design of the RF system. The vacuum computations have permitted to optimize the beam transmission, the placement and type of cryopumps. This new development of CYCLONE®70p was the initial part of the successfully finished IBA project also presented during this conference [1].

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TUP07

Commissioning and Testing of the First IBA S2C2

emittance, timing, proton, cyclotron

178

S. Henrotin, M. Abs, E. Forton, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, P. Verbruggen, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The first unit of the IBA superconducting synchrocyclotron (S2C2) has been installed in Nice, France, and is currently being commissioned. In this communication, we will present some issues encountered during the commissioning of our first synchrocyclotron for protontherapy. We will mainly focus on beam aspects, showing the influence of several machine parameters on beam properties like stability, energy and intensity.

Poster TUP07 [1.403 MB]

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TUD04

BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro

cyclotron, target, operation, vacuum

241

V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti
Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu
BCSI, Vancouver, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.

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WEB04

A Coupled Cyclotron Solution for Carbon Ions Acceleration

cyclotron, ion, injection, extraction

270

V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

A concept of coupled cyclotrons for acceleration of carbon ions (charge 6+) to 400 MeV/nucleon by a separated sector cyclotron consisting of six sector magnets with superconducting coils is proposed. Injection to the machine will be provided by a compact 70 MeV/nucleon cyclotron. The accelerator complex is intended for setting up a radiation therapy facility employing carbon ions. The advantages of the dual cyclotron design are typical of cyclotron-based solutions. The first design studies of the sector magnet of the main cyclotron (magnetic field increases from 4.2 T to 6.5 T, RF frequency 73.56 MHz, RF mode 6) show that it is feasible with acceptable beam dynamics. The accelerator has a relatively compact size (outer diameter of 8 m) and can be an alternative to synchrotrons.

Slides WEB04 [1.849 MB]

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THP13

Study on Energy Upgrade and Beam Transmission Efficiencies for RIKEN K-70 AVF Cyclotron

proton, cyclotron, operation, ion

332

J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, M. Kase
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
Y. Kotaka
CNS, Saitama, Japan

The RIKEN K-70 AVF cyclotron has been operated since 1989 and is used as a stand-alone machine and an injector to the RI-beam factory (RIBF). It is operated only in the RF harmonics (H) equal to 2 presently, and the maximum beam energies are restricted to be within 14 MeV for protons and 12.5 MeV/u for M/Q = 2 ions. In order to meet the usersÂ’ requests of beam energy upgrade, the beam simulation studies on the H=1 operation were made, and the central region was modified; these results were already reported in this conference of 2010. In this paper, we will analyze the difference in the transmission efficiency between the beam simulation and measured data in the H=2 operation after the modification of the central region. Moreover, we will also mention the result on the acceleration test of protons at higher energies in the H=1 operation.

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THC01

KURRI FFAG's Future Project as ADSR Proton Driver

neutron, experiment, proton, simulation

366

Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, M. Sakamoto, T. Uesugi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

The accelerator complex using FFAG synchrotrons at KURRI* has been operated for the ADSR** experiments connecting the 100 MeV proton beam line with the research reactor facility so called KUCA*** since 2009. Fruitful results have been produced for the reactor physics using various configurations of the nuclear fuel core and variations of the neutron production target. Since higher energy beams such as 300 - 500 MeV are desired for the further study of the ADSR system, we are investigating the energy upgrade possibility of the accelerator complex. One of the candidates is to construct a new FFAG ring which adopts continuous acceleration with fixed frequency (serpentine acceleration) outside of the existing. These higher energy beams can be used for neutron or muon production experiments as well as ADSR study.
KURRI* Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute
ADSR** Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor
KUCA*** Kyoto University Critical Assembly

Slides THC01 [11.777 MB]

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THC03

Compact Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 for Proton Therapy

cyclotron, extraction, proton, simulation

371

G.A. Karamysheva, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, H. Feng, J. Li, Y. Song, Y.H. Xie, Q. Yang, J. Zheng
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
D.V. Popov
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Superconducting cyclotron SC200 will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current of 1 μA. We plan to manufacture in China two cyclotrons: one will operate in Hefei cyclotron medical center the other will replace Phasotron in Medico-technical Center JINR Dubna and will be used for cancer therapy by protons. Now we present results of simulation of magnetic, acceleratiion and extraction systems.

Slides THC03 [2.798 MB]

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FRA01

Single Stage Cyclotron for an ADS Demonstrator

cyclotron, extraction, proton, injection

387

P. Mandrillon, M. Conjat
AIMA, Nice, France

In order to cope with the challenge of an industrial ADS driver demonstrator in the range of 3 to 4 MWatt nominal driving power, it is mandatory to propose an accelerator design able to address highly demanding criteria which are a challenge for high power accelerator designers: the number of beam trips per year and the mean down-time per beam interruption should be drastically reduced. Taking into account the outstanding performances of the PSI ring cyclotrons, it is clear that cyclotrons are competitive challengers to high power linacs. The preliminary design studies of the Single Stage Cyclotron Driver of the AIMA Company could be an attractive solution in terms of cost effectiveness, reliability and power efficiency. Some critical aspects of this design will be presented in this paper.

Slides FRA01 [5.907 MB]

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