Cyclotrons2016 - List of Keywords (operation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA01	Operational Experience and Upgrade Plans of the RIBF Accelerator Complex	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, acceleration	1
	H. Okuno, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is the cyclotron based accelerator facility for nuclear science, completed in the end of 2006. Now RIBF can provide the most intense RI beams. Continuous efforts since the first beam has increased the beam intensity and made stable operation. In 2016, 49.8 pnA (3×10¹¹/sec) of uranium ion beam could be extracted from the final accelerator SRC with energy of 345 MeV/u. An intensity upgrade program has been proposed to increase the intensity of uranium ion by more than twenty. The program includes two subjects. First, space charge limit of the beam intensity in the low energy ring cyclotron (RRC) should be increased by replacing the existing resonators with the new one to get higher accelerating voltage. The second is skip of the first stripper, requiring a new ring cyclotron (FRC) just after the first stripper to increase the maximum magnetic rigidity so as to accept low charge state. This presentation show a conceptual design of the new cyclotron with some issues to realize the intensity upgrade.
	Slides MOA01 [8.610 MB]
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TUP16	The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, controls, target, vacuum	205
	Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.
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TUP22	PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier	vacuum, PLC, controls, cyclotron	215
	H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096) Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10
	Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]
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TUP25	The Methods of Compensation of the Beam Vertical Divergence at the Exit of Spiral Inflector in Cyclotrons	cyclotron, ion, quadrupole, focusing	221
	I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	While the axial injection into the cyclotron, the beam is turned from axial direction into median plane by means of inflector. Commonly used type of inflector is an electrostatic spiral inflector. The spiral inflector is easy to handle and has a good beam transmission factor. On the other hand, the negative feature of spiral inflector is the beam vertical divergence at the exit of inflector. It leads to increasing of beam vertical dimension and aperture losses at the first orbits. The methods of compensation of the beam vertical divergence at the inflector exit are considered at present report. This methods are used at FLNR JINR cyclotrons and give a good results in transmission factor, beam quality and operation modes.
	Poster TUP25 [0.521 MB]
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TUD02	Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax	cyclotron, emittance, controls, injection	235
	F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, J.B. Etienne, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, A. Herbert, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, D. Poyac, H. Trichet Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France S. Girault, F. Poirier CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France C. Huet EMN, Nantes, France E. Mace INSERM, Nantes, France
	Funding: This work has been supported in part by a grant from the French National Agency for Research called "Investissements d'Avenir", Equipex ArronaxPlus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004. The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 μA and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper.
	Slides TUD02 [2.746 MB]
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TUD04	BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro	cyclotron, target, acceleration, vacuum	241
	V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.
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WEB01	A New Digital Low-level RF Control System for Cyclotrons	controls, FPGA, EPICS, cyclotron	258
	W. Duckitt, J. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, M.J. Van Niekerk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa T.R. Niesler Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
	Stable control of amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) system is critical to the operation of cyclotrons. It directly influences system performance, operability, reliability and beam quality. iThemba LABS operates 13 RF systems between 8 and 81 MHz and at power levels of 50 W to 150 kW. A critical drive has been to replace the 30 year old analog RF control system with modern technology. To this effect a new generic digital low-level RF control system has been designed. The system is field programmable gate array (FPGA) based and is capable of synthesizing RF signals between 5 and 100 MHz in steps of 1 μHz. It can achieve a closed-loop amplitude stability of greater than 1/10000 and a closed-loop phase stability of less than 0.01°. Furthermore, the system is fully integrated with the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and all system and diagnostic parameters are available to the Control System Studio clients. Three prototypes of the system have been in operation since November 2014. A general analysis of RF control systems as well as the methodology of design, implementation, operational performance and future plans for the system is presented.
	Slides WEB01 [3.088 MB]
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WEB02	Hybrid Configuration, Solid State-Tube, Revamps an Obsolete Tube Amplifier for the INFB K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, cathode, impedance, network	263
	A.C. Caruso, F. Caruso, A. Longhitano, A. Spartà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Primadei CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Sura Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
	An insertion of a solid state amplifier is substituting the obsolete first stage of a full tube RF power amplifier. The amplifier is based on two tube stages. The first, equipped by a tetrode, the RS1054, was being manufactured by Thales until a couple of years ago. Some spare parts have been ordered but not enough to guarantee smooth cyclotron operation for the next few years. It was necessary to come up with a new solution. We were basically at a crossroad: replace the first stage with another tube still in production or change the technology from tube to solid state. A study, from market research to the technology point of view was carried out and the final decision was to use a solid state stage as an innovative solution for this kind of power vs frequency range of operation. The prototype of this hybrid amplifier has been in operation with our cyclotron since January 2015. The details of these decisions, the description of the modified amplifier (solid state – tube) and the successful results of this hybrid configuration will be shown in this presentation.
	Slides WEB02 [3.178 MB]
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THB03	Development of HTS Magnets for Accelerators	dipole, target, operational-performance, ion	294
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Kamakura, K. Shimada, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan H. Ueda Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
	At RCNP, we have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and cooled by cryocoolers. The cooling structure becomes simpler and the cooling power of a cooler is high. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. Three model magnets were fabricated; a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, two sets of race track coils for a scanning magnet, and a 3T super-ferric dipole magnet having a negative curvature. They were excited with AC and pulse currents as well as DC currents and their performance was investigated. After successful tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV ultra cold neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.
	Slides THB03 [5.621 MB]
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THB04	Status of Hydrogen Ion Sources at PKU	ion, ion-source, cyclotron, proton	297
	S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China No. 2014CB845502 and the National Science Foundation of China No. 91126004, 11175009 and 11305004. Cyclotrons are quite often to be used to accelerate different hydrogen ion beams with high intensity for different purposes around the World. At Peking University (PKU), special efforts were made on developing compact 2.45 GHz microwave driven ion sources with permanent magnets to generate high intensity H⁺, H²⁺, H³⁺ and H⁻ ion beams as well as other ion beams. For the positive ion beam, we can easily produce a 120 mA hydrogen ion beam with H⁺ fraction higher than 92% with a PKU standard 2.45 GHz ECR ion source. Its diameter is about 100 mm, its hight is about 100 mm. Also we have got 40 mA H²⁺ beam and 20 mA H³⁺ beam with a specific designed 2.45 GHz ECR ion source under different operation condition. The fractions of H²⁺ and H³⁺ are higher than 50% within the mixed hydrogen ion beams for each case. Recently, a Cs-free volume H⁻ source based on 2.45 GHz microwave was developed successfully in our lab. It can generate 45 mA H⁻ beam with duty factor of 10% and a 29 mA beam at DC mode at 35 keV. Its operation duty factor can vary from 1% to 100% and its power efficiency is about 20 mA/kW. Details of these sources will be presented in the paper.
	Slides THB04 [4.466 MB]
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THP01	Development and Validation of a Fast Cryocooler Maintenance System	vacuum, controls, cryogenics, ion	301
	V. Nuttens, E. Forton, T. Lamon, Y. Paradis IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium A. Zhukovsky M.I.T. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, USA
	At IBA, we have been developing and testing new systems to simplify cryocooler maintenance at a minimal cost (material, interruption of service). A local heating system has been designed to heat-up both stages of a cryocooler to room temperature while keeping the cold mass at a low temperature. The heating system has to fulfill severe requirements such as high power density, compatibility with vacuum and low temperature, and easy operation. The whole system has been designed and tested in a dedicated test bench and then duplicated onto a full-size superconducting coil. It has been extensively tested under different conditions to prove that the heating system is robust and reliable and has no impact on the superconducting coil performance.
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THP02	Planning Considerations for Radioisotope Production Cyclotron Projects - Regulatory Feedback	cyclotron, controls, target, shielding	303
	A.N. Alwani CNSC, Ottawa, Canada
	Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in projects to build, operate or upgrade cyclotrons in Canada. This is largely driven by their increased use for the production of radioisotopes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect health, safety, security and the environment in Canada. Its mandate includes the oversight of particle accelerators. The CNSC regulates the full life cycle of such facilities, with regulatory oversight though construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning activities. This paper outlines common practices for such projects, highlighting the particular aspects that should be considered in the early stages of project planning and providing examples of best practices and challenges that, if properly addressed, help ensure continued safe operation of the facility through its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the necessary elements of effective planning for such projects, touching on layout and space considerations; workload projection and maximum research capacity; shielding penetrations; cooling water circuit activity; storage of active components; management of radioactive waste from cyclotron and processing labs; construction and commissioning project management; integration of equipment safety systems and building safety systems; nuclear ventilation and filtration options; and strategies for staffing and training.
	Poster THP02 [1.456 MB]
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THP03	Operation and Maintenance of RF System of 520 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron	cyclotron, TRIUMF, simulation, vacuum	307
	N.V. Avreline, T. Au, C.D. Bartlett, I.V. Bylinskii, B. Jakovljevic, V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada C.D. Bartlett University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada
	1 MW CW 23 MHz RF system of the TRIUMF 520 MeV Cyclotron has been in operation for over 40 years. Continuous development of the RF power amplifiers, the waveguide system and of the measurement and protection devices provides reliable operation and improves the performance of the RF System. In this article, operation and maintenance procedure of this RF system are analyzed and recent as well as future upgrades are being analyzed and discussed. In particular, we discuss the improvements of the transmission line's VSWR monitor and their effect on the protection of the RF system against RF breakdowns and sparks. We discuss the new version of input circuit that was installed, tested and is currently used in the final stage of RF power amplifier. We analyze various schematics and configurations of the Intermediate Power Amplifier (IPA) to be used in the future. The thermo-condition improvements of the Dee voltage probe's rectifiers are described.
	Poster THP03 [2.215 MB]
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THP04	Status of the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, experiment	310
	H.P. May, M. Bai, O. Felden, R. Gebel FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The institute for nuclear physics IKP-4 at the Forschungszentrum Jülich operates the accelerator facility COSY with the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator, the cooler synchrotron COSY/Jülich and various experimental facilities for accelerator research and experimental hadron physics developments. The cyclotron has reached in spring 2016, since first beam in 1968, in total about 285000 hours of operation. The ongoing program at the facility foresees increasing usage as a test facility for accelerator research and detector development for realization of FAIR and other novel experiments. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam alone is also used for irradiation and nuclide production for fundamental research. Experience with pulsed ion sources for JULIC enables the development of a dedicated pulsed 100 keV source for protons and negative ions as a contribution to the extra low energy anti-proton synchrotron project ELENA at CERN's anti proton decelerator AD. A brief overview of the activities at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, the cooler synchrotron COSY and its injector cyclotron JULIC, with focus on recent technical developments, will be presented.
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THP05	Beam Intensity Modulation Capabilities for Varian's ProBeam® Isochronous Cyclotron	proton, cyclotron, ion, ion-source	313
	S. Busold, H. Röcken VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
	Varian's ProBeam 250 MeV superconducting proton cyclotron is an isochronous cyclotron for radiological applications using pencil beam scanning mode and thus provides continuous beam (at its fundamental frequency of 72 MHz). In its clinical operation mode up to 800 nA of proton beam are specified and routinely extracted. Even more can be extracted in technical mode. The cold cathode Penning ion source provides enough protons to reach this current, and a layer-to-layer intensity modulation of the scanned beam is realized with an internal electrostatic deflector, which is used to vary the extracted beam current between maximum and zero. However, for research applications there is sometimes the request for higher flexibility, in particular for higher possible beam intensities and faster beam intensity modulation. In order to explore possibilities of the machine for such research modes, experimental investigations have been performed: Pulsed beams with repetition rates of up to 2 kHz and variable pulse lengths down to 4 μs as well as peak currents during pulse of up to 30 μA are in the accessible range with only changes at power supply level.
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THP06	Recent Ion Source Developments for VARIAN's ProBeam® Cyclotron	cathode, ion, ion-source, cyclotron	316
	S. Busold, H. Röcken VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany A.S. Partowidjojo, J.M. Schippers PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The cold cathode Penning ionization gauge (PIG) type proton source of the VARIANÂ’s ProBeam® 250 MeV superconducting isochronous cyclotron suffers from the usual cathode/chimney erosion during operation. Furthermore, a relatively high hydrogen gas flow is needed to generate a proton beam in the μA range, which induces conditions for RF operation below optimum. In the quest to increase cathode/chimney life time and thereby directly extend service intervals, thus reducing the total cost of ownership, several experimental investigations have been performed at a dedicated test bench at PSI, Switzerland, including material studies, a detailed operation analysis and switching to a hot cathode design.
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THP11	Improvement of the NIRS-930 Cyclotron for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy	injection, cyclotron, target, extraction	328
	S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, T. Wakui NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	In recent years, the production of radionuclides for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with the NIRS-930 cyclotron has been one of the most important activities in National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). In the production of 211At, for example, a target material with low melting point is irradiated with a high intensity beam. A vertical beam line have the advantage in irradiation with low-melting-point target. Therefore a vertical beam line has been modified for the production of radionuclides. This line was used for neutron source with beryllium target. The beam intensity and beam energy are important parameters for the effective production of radionuclide for TRT. In order to increase beam intensity, the acceleration phase and injection energy have been optimized by measuring beam phase. The beam energy has been measured by TOF and adjusted by tuning the acceleration frequency. Those studies and improvement are reported.
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THP13	Study on Energy Upgrade and Beam Transmission Efficiencies for RIKEN K-70 AVF Cyclotron	acceleration, proton, cyclotron, ion	332
	J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, M. Kase RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan Y. Kotaka CNS, Saitama, Japan
	The RIKEN K-70 AVF cyclotron has been operated since 1989 and is used as a stand-alone machine and an injector to the RI-beam factory (RIBF). It is operated only in the RF harmonics (H) equal to 2 presently, and the maximum beam energies are restricted to be within 14 MeV for protons and 12.5 MeV/u for M/Q = 2 ions. In order to meet the usersÂ’ requests of beam energy upgrade, the beam simulation studies on the H=1 operation were made, and the central region was modified; these results were already reported in this conference of 2010. In this paper, we will analyze the difference in the transmission efficiency between the beam simulation and measured data in the H=2 operation after the modification of the central region. Moreover, we will also mention the result on the acceleration test of protons at higher energies in the H=1 operation.
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THD02	Heat Transfer Studies of the IRANCYC-10 Magnet and its Effects on the Isochronous Magnetic Field	simulation, cyclotron, ion, ion-source	380
	S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju, F. Zakerhosseini AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	In magnets for cyclotron, one of the prominent problems is difference between simulation and feasible operations. By considering more factors in simulation these differ-ence can be reduced. Thermal effect and heat transfer is one phenomenon which can change favourite features of the magnets. IRANCYC-10 is a compact AVF cyclotron which is in manufacturing phase at AmirKabir University of Technology. In IRANCYC-10 heat transfer studies have been done for RF cavity, RF transmission line and PIG ion source. In this paper, accurate simulation of heat transfer and magnetic field have been done. Also thermal effects on isochronous magnetic field for IRAN-CYC-10 is investigated. For heat transfer and CFD simu-lations, Ansys CFX and for magnetic simulation Opera 3D Tosca have been used. The initiate magnet ampere-turn in simulation is 45201 and water mass flow rate for magnet system is considered 53 lit/min.
	Slides THD02 [6.831 MB]
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FRB02	Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL	ion, cyclotron, target, ion-source	398
	O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.
	Slides FRB02 [7.220 MB]
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Paper

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Other Keywords

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MOA01

Operational Experience and Upgrade Plans of the RIBF Accelerator Complex

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, acceleration

1

H. Okuno, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is the cyclotron based accelerator facility for nuclear science, completed in the end of 2006. Now RIBF can provide the most intense RI beams. Continuous efforts since the first beam has increased the beam intensity and made stable operation. In 2016, 49.8 pnA (3×10¹¹/sec) of uranium ion beam could be extracted from the final accelerator SRC with energy of 345 MeV/u. An intensity upgrade program has been proposed to increase the intensity of uranium ion by more than twenty. The program includes two subjects. First, space charge limit of the beam intensity in the low energy ring cyclotron (RRC) should be increased by replacing the existing resonators with the new one to get higher accelerating voltage. The second is skip of the first stripper, requiring a new ring cyclotron (FRC) just after the first stripper to increase the maximum magnetic rigidity so as to accept low charge state. This presentation show a conceptual design of the new cyclotron with some issues to realize the intensity upgrade.

Slides MOA01 [8.610 MB]

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TUP16

The High Quality Water Cooling System for a 100 MeV Cyclotron

cyclotron, controls, target, vacuum

205

Z.G. Li, H.R. Cai, L.C. Cao, T. Ge, G.G. Liu, J.Y. Wei, L.C. Wu, J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A high quality water cooling system with total heat power dissipation of 500 kW has been built and successfully used for a 100 MeV high intensity Cyclotron. The main features of this system are high water quality with specific conductivity bellow 0.5 μS/cm, high cooling water temperature stability better than ±0.1°C for long time operation and much electric power-saving in comparing with classical design. For some special usages, such as high beam power target and vacuum helium compressor, they all are well treated and reasonably separated from the main cooling system. There are totally 108 distributed water branches together for different sub-equipments of the cyclotron. At each branch, there are one water flow switch for safe interlock, one flow meter for monitoring, one temperature sensor for remote diagnostics. The water cooling system is under automatic control with PLC, and its operation status and all parameters can be remotely monitored from the control room. All of the involved equipments can be switched on/off by one key, no on-duty staff is needed at normal conditions. This system has been put into commissioning for two years and proved successful and reliable.

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TUP22

PLC Control System for Vacuum and 20 Kw RF Amplifier

vacuum, PLC, controls, cyclotron

215

H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, S.C. Mun, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP:Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (NRF-2015M2B2A8A10058096)
Since 2014, the Sungkyunkwan University has been upgrade 10 MeV cyclotron (SKKUCY-10) prototype for producing radio isotopes. For stable and robust cyclotron operation, local controller is main issue. Especially, RF and Vacuum is main part for control system and each sub system fault result in damage to the other sub systems. To solve those problem, we integrate RF amplifier and vacu-um local controller by LS PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers). Integrated Interlock event is also processed at one controller. This paper describe system requirement for RF amplifier and vacuum and discuss the detailed design and software development by PLC programming at SKKUCY -10

Poster TUP22 [1.458 MB]

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TUP25

The Methods of Compensation of the Beam Vertical Divergence at the Exit of Spiral Inflector in Cyclotrons

cyclotron, ion, quadrupole, focusing

221

I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

While the axial injection into the cyclotron, the beam is turned from axial direction into median plane by means of inflector. Commonly used type of inflector is an electrostatic spiral inflector. The spiral inflector is easy to handle and has a good beam transmission factor. On the other hand, the negative feature of spiral inflector is the beam vertical divergence at the exit of inflector. It leads to increasing of beam vertical dimension and aperture losses at the first orbits. The methods of compensation of the beam vertical divergence at the inflector exit are considered at present report. This methods are used at FLNR JINR cyclotrons and give a good results in transmission factor, beam quality and operation modes.

Poster TUP25 [0.521 MB]

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TUD02

Studies and Upgrades on the C70 Cyclotron Arronax

cyclotron, emittance, controls, injection

235

F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, J.B. Etienne, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, A. Herbert, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, D. Poyac, H. Trichet
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
S. Girault, F. Poirier
CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France
C. Huet
EMN, Nantes, France
E. Mace
INSERM, Nantes, France

Funding: This work has been supported in part by a grant from the French National Agency for Research called "Investissements d'Avenir", Equipex ArronaxPlus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004.
The multi-particle cyclotron C70 Arronax is fully running since 2010 and its RF run time has increased up to 4400 hours in 2015. The accelerator is used for a wide variety of experiments (physics cross-sections, radiolysis, radiobiology) and radio-isotope productions. This requires runs with 7 orders of intensity range from a few pA up to 350 μA and a large range of particles energy. Machine and beamline studies are continuously needed. For example magnet intensity scan inside the cyclotron and in the beamlines, respectively with compensation coils and the quadrupoles have been done. These scans caracterise performances of the machine and help both operations and mitigation of particle losses. Additionally beam loss monitors and control systems are being devised to support further the high intensity and precision requirements on the runs. Also a pulsed train alpha beam system located in the injection has been designed. The proof of principle with a dedicated run has been performed. The results of the machine studies and status of these developments are presented in this paper.

Slides TUD02 [2.746 MB]

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TUD04

BEST 70P Cyclotron Commissioning at INFN LN Legnaro

cyclotron, target, acceleration, vacuum

241

V. Sabaiduc, M. Carlson, D. Du, T. Evans, L. AC. Piazza, V. Ryjkov, I. Tarnopolski, P. Zanetti
Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
T. Boiesan, R.R. Johnson, W. Stazyk, K. Suthanthiran, S. Talmor, J. Zhu
BCSI, Vancouver, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) designed and manufactured a 70 MeV compact cyclotron for radioisotope production and research applications. The cyclotron has been build at Best Theratronics facility in Ottawa, Canada for the INFN-LNL laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. The cyclotron has external negative hydrogen ion source, four radial sectors with two separated dees in opposite valleys, cryogenic vacuum system and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The beam intensity is 700 microamps with variable extraction energy between 35 and 70 MeV. The beam commissioning performances at the customer site are reported.

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WEB01

A New Digital Low-level RF Control System for Cyclotrons

controls, FPGA, EPICS, cyclotron

258

W. Duckitt, J. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, M.J. Van Niekerk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
T.R. Niesler
Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa

Stable control of amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) system is critical to the operation of cyclotrons. It directly influences system performance, operability, reliability and beam quality. iThemba LABS operates 13 RF systems between 8 and 81 MHz and at power levels of 50 W to 150 kW. A critical drive has been to replace the 30 year old analog RF control system with modern technology. To this effect a new generic digital low-level RF control system has been designed. The system is field programmable gate array (FPGA) based and is capable of synthesizing RF signals between 5 and 100 MHz in steps of 1 μHz. It can achieve a closed-loop amplitude stability of greater than 1/10000 and a closed-loop phase stability of less than 0.01°. Furthermore, the system is fully integrated with the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and all system and diagnostic parameters are available to the Control System Studio clients. Three prototypes of the system have been in operation since November 2014. A general analysis of RF control systems as well as the methodology of design, implementation, operational performance and future plans for the system is presented.

Slides WEB01 [3.088 MB]

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WEB02

Hybrid Configuration, Solid State-Tube, Revamps an Obsolete Tube Amplifier for the INFB K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, cathode, impedance, network

263

A.C. Caruso, F. Caruso, A. Longhitano, A. Spartà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Primadei
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Sura
Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

An insertion of a solid state amplifier is substituting the obsolete first stage of a full tube RF power amplifier. The amplifier is based on two tube stages. The first, equipped by a tetrode, the RS1054, was being manufactured by Thales until a couple of years ago. Some spare parts have been ordered but not enough to guarantee smooth cyclotron operation for the next few years. It was necessary to come up with a new solution. We were basically at a crossroad: replace the first stage with another tube still in production or change the technology from tube to solid state. A study, from market research to the technology point of view was carried out and the final decision was to use a solid state stage as an innovative solution for this kind of power vs frequency range of operation. The prototype of this hybrid amplifier has been in operation with our cyclotron since January 2015. The details of these decisions, the description of the modified amplifier (solid state – tube) and the successful results of this hybrid configuration will be shown in this presentation.

Slides WEB02 [3.178 MB]

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THB03

Development of HTS Magnets for Accelerators

dipole, target, operational-performance, ion

294

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, K. Kamakura, K. Shimada, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
H. Ueda
Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

At RCNP, we have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and cooled by cryocoolers. The cooling structure becomes simpler and the cooling power of a cooler is high. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. Three model magnets were fabricated; a mirror coil for an ECR ion source, two sets of race track coils for a scanning magnet, and a 3T super-ferric dipole magnet having a negative curvature. They were excited with AC and pulse currents as well as DC currents and their performance was investigated. After successful tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV ultra cold neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.

Slides THB03 [5.621 MB]

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THB04

Status of Hydrogen Ion Sources at PKU

ion, ion-source, cyclotron, proton

297

S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China No. 2014CB845502 and the National Science Foundation of China No. 91126004, 11175009 and 11305004.
Cyclotrons are quite often to be used to accelerate different hydrogen ion beams with high intensity for different purposes around the World. At Peking University (PKU), special efforts were made on developing compact 2.45 GHz microwave driven ion sources with permanent magnets to generate high intensity H⁺, H²⁺, H³⁺ and H⁻ ion beams as well as other ion beams. For the positive ion beam, we can easily produce a 120 mA hydrogen ion beam with H⁺ fraction higher than 92% with a PKU standard 2.45 GHz ECR ion source. Its diameter is about 100 mm, its hight is about 100 mm. Also we have got 40 mA H²⁺ beam and 20 mA H³⁺ beam with a specific designed 2.45 GHz ECR ion source under different operation condition. The fractions of H²⁺ and H³⁺ are higher than 50% within the mixed hydrogen ion beams for each case. Recently, a Cs-free volume H⁻ source based on 2.45 GHz microwave was developed successfully in our lab. It can generate 45 mA H⁻ beam with duty factor of 10% and a 29 mA beam at DC mode at 35 keV. Its operation duty factor can vary from 1% to 100% and its power efficiency is about 20 mA/kW. Details of these sources will be presented in the paper.

Slides THB04 [4.466 MB]

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THP01

Development and Validation of a Fast Cryocooler Maintenance System

vacuum, controls, cryogenics, ion

301

V. Nuttens, E. Forton, T. Lamon, Y. Paradis
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
A. Zhukovsky
M.I.T. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, USA

At IBA, we have been developing and testing new systems to simplify cryocooler maintenance at a minimal cost (material, interruption of service). A local heating system has been designed to heat-up both stages of a cryocooler to room temperature while keeping the cold mass at a low temperature. The heating system has to fulfill severe requirements such as high power density, compatibility with vacuum and low temperature, and easy operation. The whole system has been designed and tested in a dedicated test bench and then duplicated onto a full-size superconducting coil. It has been extensively tested under different conditions to prove that the heating system is robust and reliable and has no impact on the superconducting coil performance.

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THP02

Planning Considerations for Radioisotope Production Cyclotron Projects - Regulatory Feedback

cyclotron, controls, target, shielding

303

A.N. Alwani
CNSC, Ottawa, Canada

Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in projects to build, operate or upgrade cyclotrons in Canada. This is largely driven by their increased use for the production of radioisotopes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect health, safety, security and the environment in Canada. Its mandate includes the oversight of particle accelerators. The CNSC regulates the full life cycle of such facilities, with regulatory oversight though construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning activities. This paper outlines common practices for such projects, highlighting the particular aspects that should be considered in the early stages of project planning and providing examples of best practices and challenges that, if properly addressed, help ensure continued safe operation of the facility through its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the necessary elements of effective planning for such projects, touching on layout and space considerations; workload projection and maximum research capacity; shielding penetrations; cooling water circuit activity; storage of active components; management of radioactive waste from cyclotron and processing labs; construction and commissioning project management; integration of equipment safety systems and building safety systems; nuclear ventilation and filtration options; and strategies for staffing and training.

Poster THP02 [1.456 MB]

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THP03

Operation and Maintenance of RF System of 520 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron

cyclotron, TRIUMF, simulation, vacuum

307

N.V. Avreline, T. Au, C.D. Bartlett, I.V. Bylinskii, B. Jakovljevic, V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
C.D. Bartlett
University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada

1 MW CW 23 MHz RF system of the TRIUMF 520 MeV Cyclotron has been in operation for over 40 years. Continuous development of the RF power amplifiers, the waveguide system and of the measurement and protection devices provides reliable operation and improves the performance of the RF System. In this article, operation and maintenance procedure of this RF system are analyzed and recent as well as future upgrades are being analyzed and discussed. In particular, we discuss the improvements of the transmission line's VSWR monitor and their effect on the protection of the RF system against RF breakdowns and sparks. We discuss the new version of input circuit that was installed, tested and is currently used in the final stage of RF power amplifier. We analyze various schematics and configurations of the Intermediate Power Amplifier (IPA) to be used in the future. The thermo-condition improvements of the Dee voltage probe's rectifiers are described.

Poster THP03 [2.215 MB]

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THP04

Status of the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, experiment

310

H.P. May, M. Bai, O. Felden, R. Gebel
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The institute for nuclear physics IKP-4 at the Forschungszentrum Jülich operates the accelerator facility COSY with the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator, the cooler synchrotron COSY/Jülich and various experimental facilities for accelerator research and experimental hadron physics developments. The cyclotron has reached in spring 2016, since first beam in 1968, in total about 285000 hours of operation. The ongoing program at the facility foresees increasing usage as a test facility for accelerator research and detector development for realization of FAIR and other novel experiments. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam alone is also used for irradiation and nuclide production for fundamental research. Experience with pulsed ion sources for JULIC enables the development of a dedicated pulsed 100 keV source for protons and negative ions as a contribution to the extra low energy anti-proton synchrotron project ELENA at CERN's anti proton decelerator AD. A brief overview of the activities at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, the cooler synchrotron COSY and its injector cyclotron JULIC, with focus on recent technical developments, will be presented.

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THP05

Beam Intensity Modulation Capabilities for Varian's ProBeam® Isochronous Cyclotron

proton, cyclotron, ion, ion-source

313

S. Busold, H. Röcken
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany

Varian's ProBeam 250 MeV superconducting proton cyclotron is an isochronous cyclotron for radiological applications using pencil beam scanning mode and thus provides continuous beam (at its fundamental frequency of 72 MHz). In its clinical operation mode up to 800 nA of proton beam are specified and routinely extracted. Even more can be extracted in technical mode. The cold cathode Penning ion source provides enough protons to reach this current, and a layer-to-layer intensity modulation of the scanned beam is realized with an internal electrostatic deflector, which is used to vary the extracted beam current between maximum and zero. However, for research applications there is sometimes the request for higher flexibility, in particular for higher possible beam intensities and faster beam intensity modulation. In order to explore possibilities of the machine for such research modes, experimental investigations have been performed: Pulsed beams with repetition rates of up to 2 kHz and variable pulse lengths down to 4 μs as well as peak currents during pulse of up to 30 μA are in the accessible range with only changes at power supply level.

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THP06

Recent Ion Source Developments for VARIAN's ProBeam® Cyclotron

cathode, ion, ion-source, cyclotron

316

S. Busold, H. Röcken
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
A.S. Partowidjojo, J.M. Schippers
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The cold cathode Penning ionization gauge (PIG) type proton source of the VARIANÂ’s ProBeam® 250 MeV superconducting isochronous cyclotron suffers from the usual cathode/chimney erosion during operation. Furthermore, a relatively high hydrogen gas flow is needed to generate a proton beam in the μA range, which induces conditions for RF operation below optimum. In the quest to increase cathode/chimney life time and thereby directly extend service intervals, thus reducing the total cost of ownership, several experimental investigations have been performed at a dedicated test bench at PSI, Switzerland, including material studies, a detailed operation analysis and switching to a hot cathode design.

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THP11

Improvement of the NIRS-930 Cyclotron for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy

injection, cyclotron, target, extraction

328

S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, T. Wakui
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

In recent years, the production of radionuclides for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with the NIRS-930 cyclotron has been one of the most important activities in National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). In the production of 211At, for example, a target material with low melting point is irradiated with a high intensity beam. A vertical beam line have the advantage in irradiation with low-melting-point target. Therefore a vertical beam line has been modified for the production of radionuclides. This line was used for neutron source with beryllium target. The beam intensity and beam energy are important parameters for the effective production of radionuclide for TRT. In order to increase beam intensity, the acceleration phase and injection energy have been optimized by measuring beam phase. The beam energy has been measured by TOF and adjusted by tuning the acceleration frequency. Those studies and improvement are reported.

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THP13

Study on Energy Upgrade and Beam Transmission Efficiencies for RIKEN K-70 AVF Cyclotron

acceleration, proton, cyclotron, ion

332

J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, M. Kase
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
Y. Kotaka
CNS, Saitama, Japan

The RIKEN K-70 AVF cyclotron has been operated since 1989 and is used as a stand-alone machine and an injector to the RI-beam factory (RIBF). It is operated only in the RF harmonics (H) equal to 2 presently, and the maximum beam energies are restricted to be within 14 MeV for protons and 12.5 MeV/u for M/Q = 2 ions. In order to meet the usersÂ’ requests of beam energy upgrade, the beam simulation studies on the H=1 operation were made, and the central region was modified; these results were already reported in this conference of 2010. In this paper, we will analyze the difference in the transmission efficiency between the beam simulation and measured data in the H=2 operation after the modification of the central region. Moreover, we will also mention the result on the acceleration test of protons at higher energies in the H=1 operation.

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THD02

Heat Transfer Studies of the IRANCYC-10 Magnet and its Effects on the Isochronous Magnetic Field

simulation, cyclotron, ion, ion-source

380

S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju, F. Zakerhosseini
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

In magnets for cyclotron, one of the prominent problems is difference between simulation and feasible operations. By considering more factors in simulation these differ-ence can be reduced. Thermal effect and heat transfer is one phenomenon which can change favourite features of the magnets. IRANCYC-10 is a compact AVF cyclotron which is in manufacturing phase at AmirKabir University of Technology. In IRANCYC-10 heat transfer studies have been done for RF cavity, RF transmission line and PIG ion source. In this paper, accurate simulation of heat transfer and magnetic field have been done. Also thermal effects on isochronous magnetic field for IRAN-CYC-10 is investigated. For heat transfer and CFD simu-lations, Ansys CFX and for magnetic simulation Opera 3D Tosca have been used. The initiate magnet ampere-turn in simulation is 45201 and water mass flow rate for magnet system is considered 53 lit/min.

Slides THD02 [6.831 MB]

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FRB02

Stable and Exotic Beams Produced at GANIL

ion, cyclotron, target, ion-source

398

O. Kamalou, F. Chautard, A. Savalle
GANIL, Caen, France

The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National dÂ’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, and radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility (being upgraded to extend the range of radioactive ions) or by fragmentation using LISE spectrometer. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2016 will be presented, with a focus on last year achievements and difficulties.

Slides FRB02 [7.220 MB]

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