CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOAO01	Status of the IsoDAR High-current H⁺₂ Cyclotron (HCHC-XX) Development	rfq, cyclotron, proton, experiment	12
	L.H. Waites, J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad, D. Winklehner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	The potential existence of exotic neutrinos beyond the three standard model neutrinos is an important open question in particle physics. IsoDAR is a cyclotron-driven, pure electron-antineutrino source with a well-understood energy spectrum. High statistics of anti-electron neutrinos can be produced by IsoDAR, which, when coupled with an inverse beta decay detector such as the LSC at Yemilab, is capable of addressing observed anomalies attributed to sterile neutrinos at the 5 σ level using electron-flavor disappearance. To achieve this high significance, the IsoDAR cyclotron must produce 10 mA of protons at 60 MeV. This is an order of magnitude more current than any commercially available cyclotron has produced. To achieve this, IsoDAR takes advantage of several innovations in accelerator physics, including the use of H²⁺ and RFQ direct injection, paving the way as a new high power accelerator technology. These high currents also allow for new experiments in dark matter, as well as high production rates of rare isotopes such as Ac225 and Ge68.
	Slides MOAO01 [30.289 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOAO01
About •	Received ※ 24 March 2023 — Revised ※ 24 May 2023 — Accepted ※ 06 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2023
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MOBI01	Summary of the Snowmass’21 Workshop on High Power Cyclotrons and FFAs	cyclotron, proton, experiment, space-charge	20
	D. Winklehner, J.R. Alonso MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA A. Adelmann, M. Haj Tahar PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy H. Okuno RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan T. Planche TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	In this talk, we summarize the presentations and findings of the "Workshop on High Power Cyclotrons and FFAs" that we held online in September 2021. The workshop was held as part of the 2021 Snowmass Community Exercise, in which the US particle physics community came together in a year-long effort to provide suggestions for a long-term strategy for the field, and the "Accelerators for Neutrinos" subpanel thereof. Topics that were discussed during our high-power cyclotron workshop were the application of cyclotrons in particle physics, specifically neutrino physics, and as drivers for muon production. Furthermore, as these same accelerators have important applications in the fields of isotope production and possibly in energy research, we have included those topics as well. Finally, we took a look at Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAs) and their potential to become high-intensity machines.
	Slides MOBI01 [1.885 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBI01
About •	Received ※ 23 July 2023 — Revised ※ 03 August 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 August 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 October 2023
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MOBI02	Status of SPES Cyclotron at Laboratori Nazionali of Legnaro	cyclotron, MMI, proton, ISOL	26
	M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, L. Pranovi, A. Ruzzon INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The SPES cyclotron at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro was installed and commissioned on 2017 and the accelerator was operational until March 2021. The shut down was foreseen in order to permit the completion of the SPES facility, while the resume of activities is expected on 2023. The status of the SPES cyclotron and related high intensity beamlines will be presented as well as the last performance achieved in terms of accelerated current up to 1 MeV. Moreover the program of upgrade of the ancillary systems shall be discussed.
	Slides MOBI02 [15.756 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBI02
About •	Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 February 2023
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MOBO02	IMPACT: A Substantial Upgrade to the HIPA Infrastructure at PSI	proton, operation, experiment, cyclotron	34
	D.C. Kiselev, R. Eichler, M. Haj Tahar, M. Hartmann, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, A. Koschik, D. Laube, T. Rauber, D. Reggiani, R. Schibli, J. Snuverink, U. Wellenkamp, H. Zhang, N.P. van der Meulen PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland K. Kirch ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
	The High Intensity Proton Accelerator complex (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland, delivers a 590 MeV CW proton beam with currents of up to 2.4 mA (1.4 MW) to several user facilities and experimental stations. Other than the two spallation targets for thermal/cold neutrons (SINQ) and for ultracold neutrons (UCN), the beam feeds two meson production targets, Target M and Target E, serving particle physics experiments and material research via seven secondary beam lines. IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target technology) aims to expand the infrastructure at HIPA in two ways: by HIMB (High-Intensity Muon Beams), increasing the surface muon rate by a factor 100, and TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions), producing promising radionuclides for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer in doses sufficient for clinical studies. HIMB and TATTOOS are located close to each other. HIMB has to fit into the existing main proton beam line towards Target E and SINQ, while TATTOOS will occupy an area in a new, adjacent building using 100 µA protons split from the main beam. TATTOOS will be a perfect complement to the existing radionuclide production at 72 MeV, adding a variety of difficult to produce nuclides at a large scale. For HIMB, the current Target M will be replaced by a four-fold thicker target (Target H) consisting of a graphite wheel optimized for surface muon production. In addition, both muon beam lines are improved regarding their transmission from target to experiment. Care is taken to reduce the losses to an acceptable level in the main existing proton beam line. Installation towards the implementation of IMPACT as new user facility is foreseen from 2027.
	Slides MOBO02 [6.877 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBO02
About •	Received ※ 14 January 2023 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 February 2023
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MOPO004	Beam Dump Development for High Power Proton and Electron Beam	electron, proton, cavity, controls	54
	J.Y. Liu, H.R. Cai, M.Z. Hu, G.F. Pan, S. Pei, G.F. Song, L. Wang, Y. Wang, S.M. Wei, Z.G. Yin, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The high-intensity 100 MeV proton cyclotron CYCIAE-100 had provided 52 kW beam to the beam dump in 2018, is planning to upgrade at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). It is designed to provide a 75~100 MeV, 1 mA proton beam. So, a new beam dump for higher beam power have been developed since 2020. At the same time, a 1:4 scale, RF cavity with Q value up to 42000, is constructed for the engineering feasibility verification of a 2 GeV/6 MW CW FFAG, which is also being considered as a main accelerating cavity of a 100 kW electron accelerator. The electron beam will be rotated and accelerated 7 times by the gradient dipoles and the high Q cavity. The beam dump is designed to also use for the 100kW electron beam. With the same-level beam power of the two accelerators above the content, a beam dump for absorbing two kinds of particle beams according to the characteristics of the modification was designed. The energy deposition of 100MeV proton beam and 5MeV electron beam in the beam dump was investigated by the Monte-Carlo simulation program FLUKA. The beam dump cooling structure was optimizing by ICEM-CFD and fluent, so that the beam dump temperature was controlled less than 100°C, and the maximum temperature on the beam dump is less than 450°C. The beam dump is designed as a cube (450200200, unit:mm) with two 2.5°V-type copper pentagon and two flat parts. All the details about the simulation of energy deposition, thermal distribution and structure design will be presented in the paper.
	Poster MOPO004 [3.428 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO004
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2023
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MOPO013	Experimental Study of Beam Energy Control at the TIARA AVF Cyclotron	cyclotron, controls, experiment, extraction	83
	N. Miyawaki, N.S. Ishioka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, S. Watanabe QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan M. Fukuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	The TIARA AVF cyclotron provides a He beam for production of At-211 as one of many beam applications. The production rate of At-211 increases with the energy of the He beam, but contamination of Po-210 produced by radioactive decay of At-210, which is generated by the energy of above 29 MeV, must be prevented for medical applications. Therefore, the energy of the He beam must be precisely measured and controlled. A time-of-flight beam energy monitor in the straight beamline from the cyclotron was installed to measure the beam energy in real time. The beam energy was arbitrarily controlled within a range of about 1% by adjusting the cyclotron magnetic field and accelerating voltage, which are the possible causes of the beam energy change. Using this control, we investigated the rate of formation of At-211 and At-210 as the beam energy was varied. As a result, we confirmed the energy generating At-210 and both production rates increased with the energy of the He beam.
	Poster MOPO013 [1.010 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO013
About •	Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 March 2023
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TUAO01	History and Prospectives of GANIL	cyclotron, cavity, operation, linac	115
	A. Savalle, O. Kamalou GANIL, Caen, France
	The first beam of the GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) at Caen was ejected from the second separated sector cyclotron forty years ago (November 19th, 1982). Since then, several evolutions occurred. In 2001 the first exotic beam produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility, was delivered to physics. The GANIL team realized an upgrade of this facility in order to extend the range of post-accelerated radioactive ions in years 2013-2017, with first radioactive beams delivered in 2018. In 2019 GANIL became also a LINAC facility with the first beam accelerated in the SPIRAL2 facility. The DESIR facility is aimed at using beams from SPIRAL2 and from SPIRAL1 facility, otivating a major renovation plan of the cyclotron facility. Parts of ancient and recent history of GANIL will be presented as well as its future.
	Slides TUAO01 [7.157 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUAO01
About •	Received ※ 20 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 03 April 2023
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TUBO01	Measurement of Detector Response Functions for Fast Neutron Spectroscopy with Organic Scintillators	neutron, detector, proton, radiation	121
	T. Hutton, A. Buffler, E. Jarvie, K. Maibane, N.B. Ndabeni UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa
	Spectrum unfolding decouples spectroscopic measurements of neutron fields from accelerator facilities by making use of a well-characterised detector response matrix. Measurements of detector response matrices, derived from time-of-flight, were made at the fast neutron facility at iThemba LABS, South Africa, with neutrons with energies between 10 - 65 MeV for: a traditional BC-501A organic liquid scintillator detector with photomultiplier tube and analogue pulse processing and acquisition; and a modern system comprised of an EJ-276 plastic scintillator, silicon photomultiplier and digital pulse processing and acquisition. The detector response matrices were validated by unfolding neutron energy spectra from measured light output spectra, and compared to the associated energy spectra derived from time-of-flight. Both detector systems demonstrated good agreement between the energy spectra derived from time-of-flight, which is promising for fast neutron spectroscopy with organic scintillators in environments outside of the laboratory.
	Slides TUBO01 [5.487 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO01
About •	Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 March 2023
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TUBO03	Application Progress of CYCIAE-100 High Current Proton Cyclotron	proton, neutron, radiation, cyclotron	130
	L.C. Cao, X.L. Jia, Z.W. Liu, G.F. Song, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A new RIB facility, Beijing radioactive ion-beam facility (BRIF) had been constructed at CIAE. A 100 MeV H⁻ cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) is selected as the driving accelerator which can provide a 70 - 100 MeV, 10 pA - 520 µA proton beam for basic and applied research in the field of nuclear science and technology. The application of this facility has promoted the development of frontier scientific research in China, such as radioactive nuclear beam physics, nuclear data, neutron physics and space radiation effects. Recently, quasi-monoenergetic neutron source above 20 MeV and the white light neutron source with the best time resolution were completed, which had filled the gap in the measurement of neutron data in the range of energy of 100 MeV in China. In this paper, the main milestones in the use and development of CYCIAE-100 high current proton cyclotron are reviewed, the scientific applications based on platform are described, and the important topics in proton applications based on intermediate energy are discussed, including space radiation hardening, neutron standard radiation field and biological radiation damage mechanism.
	Slides TUBO03 [7.851 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO03
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2023
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WEAO03	Development of the Cyclone® Key: How Interoperability Leads to Compactness	cyclotron, vacuum, ion-source, isotope-production	156
	V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J. Caulier, Q. Flandroy, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, J. Mandrillon, O. Michaux, N.A.R. Mine, E. van der Kraaij IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Funding: Pole Mecatech/Biowin/SPW RW - Convention 8150: CardiAmmonia In 2020, IBA has started the design, construction, tests and industrialization of a new proton cyclotron for the low energy range, the Cyclone® KEY, for PET isotope production (18F, 13N, 11C) for neurology, cardiology or oncology imaging. It is a compact and fully automated isochronous cyclotron accelerating H⁻ up to 9,2 MeV. Based on the successful design history and return of experience of the Cyclone® KIUBE, the Cyclone® KEY design has been focused on compactness (self-shielding enabled), cost effectiveness and ease of installation, operation and maintenance. The innovative design consists in the interoperability of the different subsystems: the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system, the ion source, the stripping extraction, and target changers (with up to three targets). First beam tests results will also be presented.
	Slides WEAO03 [2.848 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO03
About •	Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023
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WEBI01	An Overview of the South African Isotope Facility (SAIF) Project	cyclotron, beam-transport, isotope-production, MMI	170
	I.L. Strydom iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	The South African Isotope Facility (SAIF) is a new radioisotope production facility currently under construction at iThemba LABS in Cape Town and scheduled for completion in 2022. A commercial 70 MeV proton cyclotron from IBA with a number of beam lines equipped with isotope production stations, are being installed in retrofitted concrete vaults. The facility will be supported by new infrastructure and services which are being constructed. The completion of SAIF will greatly increase the radioisotope production capability of iThemba LABS, and enable the existing Separated Sector Cyclotron to be dedicated to nuclear research activities. An overview of the SAIF project from the inception phase through to the construction phase is provided here, discussing all related workstreams and progress made to date. A more detailed discussion of some specific systems is given, including the design of the isotope production stations, target handling system, and a new radioactive waste management facility.
	Slides WEBI01 [9.024 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBI01
About •	Received ※ 08 February 2023 — Revised ※ 10 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 16 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 May 2023
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WEBO01	Bench to Bedside: Translational Nuclear Medicine Research and Clinical Theranostics in PUMCH	controls, HOM, data-analysis, ECR	179
	L.H. Huo PUMCH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	PUMCH was founded In 1921. In 1958, PUMCH established the first nuclear medicine department in the country which eventually became the most comprehensive unit of nuclear medicine in China. The department has topped the ranking in "China’s Hospital Rankings" for consecutively 7 years and has done great efforts in translational research of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. By now, over 10 isotopes and 100 radiopharmaceuticals are employed to support routine clinical work and more than 50 research projects as well, involving theranostic and preclinical exploration. These research achievements were highly glorified in the top international conferences and journals. The department not only keeps up with the advanced medical technologies in the world but also indulges in promoting novel technology applications in domestic hospitals. After a 60 years journey, the department of nuclear medicine in PUMCH with her superior capability will continuously lead nuclear medicine exploration and development in China. The department will begin another new and prosperous journey in the new era.
	Slides WEBO01 [17.823 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO01
About •	Received ※ 22 May 2023 — Revised ※ 04 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 06 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 July 2023
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WEBO03	Positron Emitters Produced from Naturally Occurring Targets	positron, cyclotron, vacuum, radiation	183
	T.W. Leadbeater, A. Buffler, T. Hutton, M. van Heerden UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa
	Short lived positron emitters are used as flow following tracer particles in the study of dynamic processes within physics and engineering applications. For full representation of the materials of interest, tracer particles must be activated with proton rich radionuclides utilising reactions on their naturally abundant isotopic content. Cyclotron accelerated alpha particle beams incident upon (16O) oxygen rich targets have been investigated in producing the positron emitter 18F within naturally occurring materials. Simulations and numeric calculations of the beam conditions are used to maximise the activation yield and minimise heat load by carefully placing the Bragg peak in relation to the water-cooled target. Corresponding to the target thickness, the 100 MeV extraction energy is degraded to match a broad resonance in 18F production around 35 MeV, while maintaining energy above the 18 MeV threshold. Beam currents below 1 µA resulted in typical 18F yields of 1 - 2 mCi within spherical SiO₂ targets of diameters 1 - 10 mm, ideal for envisaged application studies.
	Slides WEBO03 [4.876 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO03
About •	Received ※ 28 December 2022 — Revised ※ 16 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 May 2023
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WEBO06	Accelerator and Detector Developments for the Production of Theranostic Radioisotopes with Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron	cyclotron, radiation, detector, proton	196
	S. Braccini, P. Casolaro, G. Dellepiane, A. Gottstein, I. Mateu, P. Scampoli AEC, Bern, Switzerland P. Scampoli Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
	Funding: This research was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Grants: 200021 175749 and CRSII5 180352. Theranostics in nuclear medicine is realized by using two different radioisotopes to label the same radiopharmaceutical, one for diagnosis via PET or SPECT (positron or gamma emitter, respectively) and one for targeted radioligand therapy (alpha, beta minus, Auger emitter). To assure the same chemistry and metabolic behaviour in the human body, the best option is to employ two radionuclides of the same element, the so called theranostic pair. In view of clinical trials and routine applications, the production and supply of novel radioisotopes for theranostics in adequate quality and quantity is essential and represents nowadays a scientific and technical challenge. The most promising methodology relies on hospital-based 15-25 MeV compact medical cyclotrons equipped with solid target stations. Being designed for the production of F-18 by means of liquid targets, innovative solutions are needed. Therefore, a research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, a facility equipped with a Solid Target Station and a 6.5 m Beam Transfer Line ending in a separate bunker. To irradiate isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powder pellets (6 mm diameter), a novel target coin was conceived and realized together with methods to assess the beam energy and the production cross sections. To optimize the irradiation procedure, a novel ultra-compact Active Focusing System based on a specific magnetic device and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector was conceived, constructed and tested. Several solutions for the beam detector were developed and others are under study. The system allows to control on-line the size and position of the beam and to correct its characteristics by steering and focusing it in order to keep it on target. Results on accelerator and detector developments together with achievements in the production of radionuclides for theranostics (Sc-43, Sc-44, Sc-47, Cu-61, Cu-64, Cu-67, Ga-68, Er-165, Tm-165, Tm-167 and Tb-155) are presented. Dellepiane et al., N. Cim. C, vol. 44p. 130, 2021. Häffner et al., Instr., vol. 3p. 63, 2019. Carzaniga et al., ARI, vol. 129p. 96, 2017. Häffner et al., App. Sci., vol. 11p. 2452, 2021. van der Meulen et al., Molecules, vol. 25, p. 4706, 2020.
	Slides WEBO06 [6.048 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO06
About •	Received ※ 03 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 06 February 2023
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WEPO002	A Comparison Study of the Designing Models of Range Modulator by Using FLUKA Simulation Codes	proton, simulation, radiation, scattering	204
	Y. Wang, Y.H. Gong, J.C. Liu, L. Sui, Q.J. Wang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	In this study, we investigated the optimization of the range modulator. Range modulator used in proton radiotherapy is expected to be accurate enough to achieve spread-out Bragg peak(SOBP). Based on the theory of Thomas Bortfeld, four different range modulator models were designed and compared by using the FLUKA simulation codes. The four models are: uneven ridge filter, smooth ridge filter, uneven range modulator wheel, and smooth range modulator wheel. Using 100 MeV and 230 MeV proton beams, the dose spatial distribution of the four models were calculated when the SOBP sections were 3, 5, 10, and 20 cm. The results showed that in ideal motion condition, the four models all showed the ideal range modulation effect. The average value of the difference was less than 2%. The evenness of the smooth models is improved compared with the uneven models. The smooth ridge filter model performed best. On the basis of this model, we tried to realize the movement of the SOBP region by adding a binary shielding layer. The results showed that the SOBP region can move in a small range at the expense of acceptable accuracy error. This study provides a design reference for the range modulator in proton therapy, and provides a new technical scheme to fill the target area for precise therapy.
	Poster WEPO002 [1.957 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO002
About •	Received ※ 09 February 2023 — Revised ※ 17 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 09 May 2023
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WEPO008	H^- Intra-Beam Stripping Loss Rate in Isochronous Cyclotron	cyclotron, linac, resonance, electron	219
	Y.-N. Rao TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	Funding: This work was funded by TRIUMF which receives federal funding via a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada. Binary collisions inside a H^- bunch result in H^- stripping and subsequent particle loss. This phenomenon, called intra-beam stripping, was observed in LEAR and SNS superconducting linac. We mimic the derivation made for the linac to derive the intra-beam stripping loss rate for an isochronous cyclotron. And then, we apply this theory to the TRIUMF 500 MeV H^- cyclotron to estimate the loss.
	Poster WEPO008 [1.189 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO008
About •	Received ※ 05 December 2022 — Revised ※ 04 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 07 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 July 2023
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WEPO009	Status Report and Future Plan for Molecular Imaging Center (I-One) Facility	cyclotron, controls, radiation, GUI	223
	M. Alredhi, R.N. Alsaif, M.A. Balkheir, S.Y. Farhood, S.S. Lingawi, M.A. Sharaf King Abdul-Aziz University, I-one, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia S.M. Miliebari King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: Wadi Jeddah- King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia The radio-pharmaceuticals production and imaging facility known as I-One at King Abdul-Aziz University in the western region of Saudi Arabia started first production in 2018. We will discuss the facility features, taking in consideration the existence in the university, where some basic research and training in different aspects of cyclotron operation and radio-pharmaceuticals production.
	Poster WEPO009 [0.277 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO009
About •	Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 31 December 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 March 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 August 2023
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THPO003	Applications of the CYCIAE-100 Cyclotron in Neutron-Induced Single Event Effect	neutron, proton, radiation, electron	295
	Q. Chen, J. Bao, G. Guo, J.H. Han, X. Ma, H.Y. Zhao CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Neutron-induced single event effect is one of the significant factors affecting the reliability of semiconductor devices in avionics and ground facilities. The 100 MeV proton cyclotron in China Institute of Atomic Energy (Cyciae-100) provides white neutron and quasi-monoenergetic neutron induced by proton and W/Li bombardment. Based on the white neutron beam line of Cyciae-100, the white neutron energy spectrum is measured by neutron time-of-flight method with double scintillator spectrometer, as well as the theoretical energy spectrum calculated by the Monte Carlo method. The neutron irradiation test of two SRAMs with different technology nodes were carried out, and the neutron single event upset sections are obtained simultaneously. In addition, based on the quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam line, the simulation of neutron energy spectrum and experimental measurement of neutron single event upset cross section for SRAMs were carried out. As a conclusion, the white neutron and quasi-monoenergetic neutron provided by Cyciae-100 are well suitable applied to the study of neutron single event effects.
	Poster THPO003 [0.726 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO003
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 21 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 April 2023
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THPO005	JULIC - Driver Accelerator for HBS	neutron, experiment, cyclotron, controls	303
	O. Felden, V. Kamerdzhiev FZJ, Jülich, Germany R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, Y. Valdau GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the energy variable cyclotron JULIC is used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and for low to medium current irradiations of different types. At the NESP-Target station a Target-Moderator-Reflector (TMR) -demonstrator of the proposed accelerator driven High Brilliance Neutron source (HBS) was set up with the Jülich Center of Neutron Science (JCNS). Beside showing the functionality of the TMR-Design the demonstrator gives the possibility to test new target materials, different types and concepts of moderators and at least the handling of irradiated targets and components. The TMR- target station is installed inside an Experimental area offering space for complex detector and component setups for nuclear and neutron related experiments like ToF-experiments or neutron imaging e.g. But it is used for other purposes like irradiation and electronic or detector tests as well. Additionally to the TMR, the extraction beamline from JULIC to the TMR was set up and equipped with a fast kicker and a 3-field permanent magnet, as foreseen in in HBS to deliver the beam to different target stations within a sophisticated pulsing scheme, synchronized with the beam pulsing done at JULIC, using fast deflection plates. This report briefly summarizes the history of JULIC and the activities for its future perspectives.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO005
About •	Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 18 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 February 2023
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THPO014	The Beam Dynamics Simulation of a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production	extraction, cyclotron, simulation, controls	334
	W. Wang Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, J. Zhou ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China S. Xu HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	The isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, has been de-signed by Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM) for widely used isotope production, which can extract proton with variable energy in range of 10~16 MeV. In this cyclotron, negative hydro-gen ion will be accelerated to 10~16 MeV, and then stripped out two electrons to become proton to be extracted. We have performed beam tracking starting from the ion source to the extraction reference point, and optimized the position of the stripping target to make the beam of different energies converge at radius of 110 cm. The orbit centralization is optimized by the design of first harmonic, and the axial size of extraction beam is also optimized. All the results of beam dynamics simulations will be presented.
	Poster THPO014 [0.731 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO014
About •	Received ※ 16 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 February 2023
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THPO018	FFAG Activity in Japan and Future Projects	experiment, proton, radiation, injection	344
	Y. Ishi, Y. Mori, T. Uesugi Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	The current activities of FFAG in Japan will be presented as well as future projects using energy recovery internal target scheme in the FFAG ring.
	Poster THPO018 [2.641 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO018
About •	Received ※ 18 January 2023 — Revised ※ 05 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 May 2023
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FRBO03	The Study of the Isochronous Magnetic Field and the Equilbrum Orbit of CS-30 Cyclotron	cyclotron, radiation, experiment, extraction	378
	B.F. Fan, Z. Li SCU, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
	The CS-30 accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology of Sichuan University is a three-fan accelerator with constant angular width (45 degrees) at small radius and blade thickness increasing with radius at larger radius. In this paper, the magnetic field is analyzed, and the static equilibrium orbit, revolution frequency, oscillation frequencies and other data are calculated. These functions can be integrated to guide the accurate magnet numerical model setup of the existing CS-30 accelerator, which can be used in de education demonstration and experimental phenomena analysis. The optimization algorithm is innovatively introduced in the static equilibrium orbit calculation, which reduces the dependence of the results on the initial value and significantly improves the calculation speed. The calculation method presented in this paper is suitable for all cyclotrons. *Summary of technical training for CS-30 cyclotron
	Slides FRBO03 [2.662 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRBO03
About •	Received ※ 02 February 2023 — Revised ※ 03 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 21 May 2023
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOAO01

Status of the IsoDAR High-current H⁺₂ Cyclotron (HCHC-XX) Development

rfq, cyclotron, proton, experiment

12

L.H. Waites, J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad, D. Winklehner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

The potential existence of exotic neutrinos beyond the three standard model neutrinos is an important open question in particle physics. IsoDAR is a cyclotron-driven, pure electron-antineutrino source with a well-understood energy spectrum. High statistics of anti-electron neutrinos can be produced by IsoDAR, which, when coupled with an inverse beta decay detector such as the LSC at Yemilab, is capable of addressing observed anomalies attributed to sterile neutrinos at the 5 σ level using electron-flavor disappearance. To achieve this high significance, the IsoDAR cyclotron must produce 10 mA of protons at 60 MeV. This is an order of magnitude more current than any commercially available cyclotron has produced. To achieve this, IsoDAR takes advantage of several innovations in accelerator physics, including the use of H²⁺ and RFQ direct injection, paving the way as a new high power accelerator technology. These high currents also allow for new experiments in dark matter, as well as high production rates of rare isotopes such as Ac225 and Ge68.

Slides MOAO01 [30.289 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOAO01

About •

Received ※ 24 March 2023 — Revised ※ 24 May 2023 — Accepted ※ 06 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2023

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MOBI01

Summary of the Snowmass’21 Workshop on High Power Cyclotrons and FFAs

cyclotron, proton, experiment, space-charge

20

D. Winklehner, J.R. Alonso
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
A. Adelmann, M. Haj Tahar
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
H. Okuno
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Planche
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

In this talk, we summarize the presentations and findings of the "Workshop on High Power Cyclotrons and FFAs" that we held online in September 2021. The workshop was held as part of the 2021 Snowmass Community Exercise, in which the US particle physics community came together in a year-long effort to provide suggestions for a long-term strategy for the field, and the "Accelerators for Neutrinos" subpanel thereof. Topics that were discussed during our high-power cyclotron workshop were the application of cyclotrons in particle physics, specifically neutrino physics, and as drivers for muon production. Furthermore, as these same accelerators have important applications in the fields of isotope production and possibly in energy research, we have included those topics as well. Finally, we took a look at Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAs) and their potential to become high-intensity machines.

Slides MOBI01 [1.885 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBI01

About •

Received ※ 23 July 2023 — Revised ※ 03 August 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 August 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 October 2023

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MOBI02

Status of SPES Cyclotron at Laboratori Nazionali of Legnaro

cyclotron, MMI, proton, ISOL

26

M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, L. Pranovi, A. Ruzzon
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The SPES cyclotron at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro was installed and commissioned on 2017 and the accelerator was operational until March 2021. The shut down was foreseen in order to permit the completion of the SPES facility, while the resume of activities is expected on 2023. The status of the SPES cyclotron and related high intensity beamlines will be presented as well as the last performance achieved in terms of accelerated current up to 1 MeV. Moreover the program of upgrade of the ancillary systems shall be discussed.

Slides MOBI02 [15.756 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBI02

About •

Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 February 2023

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MOBO02

IMPACT: A Substantial Upgrade to the HIPA Infrastructure at PSI

proton, operation, experiment, cyclotron

34

D.C. Kiselev, R. Eichler, M. Haj Tahar, M. Hartmann, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, A. Koschik, D. Laube, T. Rauber, D. Reggiani, R. Schibli, J. Snuverink, U. Wellenkamp, H. Zhang, N.P. van der Meulen
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
K. Kirch
ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

The High Intensity Proton Accelerator complex (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland, delivers a 590 MeV CW proton beam with currents of up to 2.4 mA (1.4 MW) to several user facilities and experimental stations. Other than the two spallation targets for thermal/cold neutrons (SINQ) and for ultracold neutrons (UCN), the beam feeds two meson production targets, Target M and Target E, serving particle physics experiments and material research via seven secondary beam lines. IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target technology) aims to expand the infrastructure at HIPA in two ways: by HIMB (High-Intensity Muon Beams), increasing the surface muon rate by a factor 100, and TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions), producing promising radionuclides for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer in doses sufficient for clinical studies. HIMB and TATTOOS are located close to each other. HIMB has to fit into the existing main proton beam line towards Target E and SINQ, while TATTOOS will occupy an area in a new, adjacent building using 100 µA protons split from the main beam. TATTOOS will be a perfect complement to the existing radionuclide production at 72 MeV, adding a variety of difficult to produce nuclides at a large scale. For HIMB, the current Target M will be replaced by a four-fold thicker target (Target H) consisting of a graphite wheel optimized for surface muon production. In addition, both muon beam lines are improved regarding their transmission from target to experiment. Care is taken to reduce the losses to an acceptable level in the main existing proton beam line. Installation towards the implementation of IMPACT as new user facility is foreseen from 2027.

Slides MOBO02 [6.877 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBO02

About •

Received ※ 14 January 2023 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 February 2023

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MOPO004

Beam Dump Development for High Power Proton and Electron Beam

electron, proton, cavity, controls

54

J.Y. Liu, H.R. Cai, M.Z. Hu, G.F. Pan, S. Pei, G.F. Song, L. Wang, Y. Wang, S.M. Wei, Z.G. Yin, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The high-intensity 100 MeV proton cyclotron CYCIAE-100 had provided 52 kW beam to the beam dump in 2018, is planning to upgrade at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). It is designed to provide a 75~100 MeV, 1 mA proton beam. So, a new beam dump for higher beam power have been developed since 2020. At the same time, a 1:4 scale, RF cavity with Q value up to 42000, is constructed for the engineering feasibility verification of a 2 GeV/6 MW CW FFAG, which is also being considered as a main accelerating cavity of a 100 kW electron accelerator. The electron beam will be rotated and accelerated 7 times by the gradient dipoles and the high Q cavity. The beam dump is designed to also use for the 100kW electron beam. With the same-level beam power of the two accelerators above the content, a beam dump for absorbing two kinds of particle beams according to the characteristics of the modification was designed. The energy deposition of 100MeV proton beam and 5MeV electron beam in the beam dump was investigated by the Monte-Carlo simulation program FLUKA. The beam dump cooling structure was optimizing by ICEM-CFD and fluent, so that the beam dump temperature was controlled less than 100°C, and the maximum temperature on the beam dump is less than 450°C. The beam dump is designed as a cube (450*200*200, unit:mm) with two 2.5°V-type copper pentagon and two flat parts. All the details about the simulation of energy deposition, thermal distribution and structure design will be presented in the paper.

Poster MOPO004 [3.428 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO004

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Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2023

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MOPO013

Experimental Study of Beam Energy Control at the TIARA AVF Cyclotron

cyclotron, controls, experiment, extraction

83

N. Miyawaki, N.S. Ishioka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, S. Watanabe
QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
M. Fukuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

The TIARA AVF cyclotron provides a He beam for production of At-211 as one of many beam applications. The production rate of At-211 increases with the energy of the He beam, but contamination of Po-210 produced by radioactive decay of At-210, which is generated by the energy of above 29 MeV, must be prevented for medical applications. Therefore, the energy of the He beam must be precisely measured and controlled. A time-of-flight beam energy monitor in the straight beamline from the cyclotron was installed to measure the beam energy in real time. The beam energy was arbitrarily controlled within a range of about 1% by adjusting the cyclotron magnetic field and accelerating voltage, which are the possible causes of the beam energy change. Using this control, we investigated the rate of formation of At-211 and At-210 as the beam energy was varied. As a result, we confirmed the energy generating At-210 and both production rates increased with the energy of the He beam.

Poster MOPO013 [1.010 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO013

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Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 March 2023

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TUAO01

History and Prospectives of GANIL

cyclotron, cavity, operation, linac

115

A. Savalle, O. Kamalou
GANIL, Caen, France

The first beam of the GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) at Caen was ejected from the second separated sector cyclotron forty years ago (November 19th, 1982). Since then, several evolutions occurred. In 2001 the first exotic beam produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility, was delivered to physics. The GANIL team realized an upgrade of this facility in order to extend the range of post-accelerated radioactive ions in years 2013-2017, with first radioactive beams delivered in 2018. In 2019 GANIL became also a LINAC facility with the first beam accelerated in the SPIRAL2 facility. The DESIR facility is aimed at using beams from SPIRAL2 and from SPIRAL1 facility, otivating a major renovation plan of the cyclotron facility. Parts of ancient and recent history of GANIL will be presented as well as its future.

Slides TUAO01 [7.157 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUAO01

About •

Received ※ 20 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 03 April 2023

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TUBO01

Measurement of Detector Response Functions for Fast Neutron Spectroscopy with Organic Scintillators

neutron, detector, proton, radiation

121

T. Hutton, A. Buffler, E. Jarvie, K. Maibane, N.B. Ndabeni
UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa

Spectrum unfolding decouples spectroscopic measurements of neutron fields from accelerator facilities by making use of a well-characterised detector response matrix. Measurements of detector response matrices, derived from time-of-flight, were made at the fast neutron facility at iThemba LABS, South Africa, with neutrons with energies between 10 - 65 MeV for: a traditional BC-501A organic liquid scintillator detector with photomultiplier tube and analogue pulse processing and acquisition; and a modern system comprised of an EJ-276 plastic scintillator, silicon photomultiplier and digital pulse processing and acquisition. The detector response matrices were validated by unfolding neutron energy spectra from measured light output spectra, and compared to the associated energy spectra derived from time-of-flight. Both detector systems demonstrated good agreement between the energy spectra derived from time-of-flight, which is promising for fast neutron spectroscopy with organic scintillators in environments outside of the laboratory.

Slides TUBO01 [5.487 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO01

About •

Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 March 2023

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TUBO03

Application Progress of CYCIAE-100 High Current Proton Cyclotron

proton, neutron, radiation, cyclotron

130

L.C. Cao, X.L. Jia, Z.W. Liu, G.F. Song, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A new RIB facility, Beijing radioactive ion-beam facility (BRIF) had been constructed at CIAE. A 100 MeV H⁻ cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) is selected as the driving accelerator which can provide a 70 - 100 MeV, 10 pA - 520 µA proton beam for basic and applied research in the field of nuclear science and technology. The application of this facility has promoted the development of frontier scientific research in China, such as radioactive nuclear beam physics, nuclear data, neutron physics and space radiation effects. Recently, quasi-monoenergetic neutron source above 20 MeV and the white light neutron source with the best time resolution were completed, which had filled the gap in the measurement of neutron data in the range of energy of 100 MeV in China. In this paper, the main milestones in the use and development of CYCIAE-100 high current proton cyclotron are reviewed, the scientific applications based on platform are described, and the important topics in proton applications based on intermediate energy are discussed, including space radiation hardening, neutron standard radiation field and biological radiation damage mechanism.

Slides TUBO03 [7.851 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO03

About •

Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2023

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WEAO03

Development of the Cyclone® Key: How Interoperability Leads to Compactness

cyclotron, vacuum, ion-source, isotope-production

156

V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J. Caulier, Q. Flandroy, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, J. Mandrillon, O. Michaux, N.A.R. Mine, E. van der Kraaij
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Funding: Pole Mecatech/Biowin/SPW RW - Convention 8150: CardiAmmonia
In 2020, IBA has started the design, construction, tests and industrialization of a new proton cyclotron for the low energy range, the Cyclone® KEY, for PET isotope production (18F, 13N, 11C) for neurology, cardiology or oncology imaging. It is a compact and fully automated isochronous cyclotron accelerating H⁻ up to 9,2 MeV. Based on the successful design history and return of experience of the Cyclone® KIUBE, the Cyclone® KEY design has been focused on compactness (self-shielding enabled), cost effectiveness and ease of installation, operation and maintenance. The innovative design consists in the interoperability of the different subsystems: the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system, the ion source, the stripping extraction, and target changers (with up to three targets). First beam tests results will also be presented.

Slides WEAO03 [2.848 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO03

About •

Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023

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WEBI01

An Overview of the South African Isotope Facility (SAIF) Project

cyclotron, beam-transport, isotope-production, MMI

170

I.L. Strydom
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

The South African Isotope Facility (SAIF) is a new radioisotope production facility currently under construction at iThemba LABS in Cape Town and scheduled for completion in 2022. A commercial 70 MeV proton cyclotron from IBA with a number of beam lines equipped with isotope production stations, are being installed in retrofitted concrete vaults. The facility will be supported by new infrastructure and services which are being constructed. The completion of SAIF will greatly increase the radioisotope production capability of iThemba LABS, and enable the existing Separated Sector Cyclotron to be dedicated to nuclear research activities. An overview of the SAIF project from the inception phase through to the construction phase is provided here, discussing all related workstreams and progress made to date. A more detailed discussion of some specific systems is given, including the design of the isotope production stations, target handling system, and a new radioactive waste management facility.

Slides WEBI01 [9.024 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBI01

About •

Received ※ 08 February 2023 — Revised ※ 10 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 16 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 May 2023

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WEBO01

Bench to Bedside: Translational Nuclear Medicine Research and Clinical Theranostics in PUMCH

controls, HOM, data-analysis, ECR

179

L.H. Huo
PUMCH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

PUMCH was founded In 1921. In 1958, PUMCH established the first nuclear medicine department in the country which eventually became the most comprehensive unit of nuclear medicine in China. The department has topped the ranking in "China’s Hospital Rankings" for consecutively 7 years and has done great efforts in translational research of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. By now, over 10 isotopes and 100 radiopharmaceuticals are employed to support routine clinical work and more than 50 research projects as well, involving theranostic and preclinical exploration. These research achievements were highly glorified in the top international conferences and journals. The department not only keeps up with the advanced medical technologies in the world but also indulges in promoting novel technology applications in domestic hospitals. After a 60 years journey, the department of nuclear medicine in PUMCH with her superior capability will continuously lead nuclear medicine exploration and development in China. The department will begin another new and prosperous journey in the new era.

Slides WEBO01 [17.823 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO01

About •

Received ※ 22 May 2023 — Revised ※ 04 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 06 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 July 2023

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WEBO03

Positron Emitters Produced from Naturally Occurring Targets

positron, cyclotron, vacuum, radiation

183

T.W. Leadbeater, A. Buffler, T. Hutton, M. van Heerden
UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa

Short lived positron emitters are used as flow following tracer particles in the study of dynamic processes within physics and engineering applications. For full representation of the materials of interest, tracer particles must be activated with proton rich radionuclides utilising reactions on their naturally abundant isotopic content. Cyclotron accelerated alpha particle beams incident upon (16O) oxygen rich targets have been investigated in producing the positron emitter 18F within naturally occurring materials. Simulations and numeric calculations of the beam conditions are used to maximise the activation yield and minimise heat load by carefully placing the Bragg peak in relation to the water-cooled target. Corresponding to the target thickness, the 100 MeV extraction energy is degraded to match a broad resonance in 18F production around 35 MeV, while maintaining energy above the 18 MeV threshold. Beam currents below 1 µA resulted in typical 18F yields of 1 - 2 mCi within spherical SiO₂ targets of diameters 1 - 10 mm, ideal for envisaged application studies.

Slides WEBO03 [4.876 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO03

About •

Received ※ 28 December 2022 — Revised ※ 16 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 May 2023

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WEBO06

Accelerator and Detector Developments for the Production of Theranostic Radioisotopes with Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron

cyclotron, radiation, detector, proton

196

S. Braccini, P. Casolaro, G. Dellepiane, A. Gottstein, I. Mateu, P. Scampoli
AEC, Bern, Switzerland
P. Scampoli
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Funding: This research was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Grants: 200021 175749 and CRSII5 180352.
Theranostics in nuclear medicine is realized by using two different radioisotopes to label the same radiopharmaceutical, one for diagnosis via PET or SPECT (positron or gamma emitter, respectively) and one for targeted radioligand therapy (alpha, beta minus, Auger emitter). To assure the same chemistry and metabolic behaviour in the human body, the best option is to employ two radionuclides of the same element, the so called theranostic pair. In view of clinical trials and routine applications, the production and supply of novel radioisotopes for theranostics in adequate quality and quantity is essential and represents nowadays a scientific and technical challenge. The most promising methodology relies on hospital-based 15-25 MeV compact medical cyclotrons equipped with solid target stations. Being designed for the production of F-18 by means of liquid targets, innovative solutions are needed. Therefore, a research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, a facility equipped with a Solid Target Station and a 6.5 m Beam Transfer Line ending in a separate bunker. To irradiate isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powder pellets (6 mm diameter), a novel target coin was conceived and realized together with methods to assess the beam energy and the production cross sections. To optimize the irradiation procedure, a novel ultra-compact Active Focusing System based on a specific magnetic device and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector was conceived, constructed and tested. Several solutions for the beam detector were developed and others are under study. The system allows to control on-line the size and position of the beam and to correct its characteristics by steering and focusing it in order to keep it on target. Results on accelerator and detector developments together with achievements in the production of radionuclides for theranostics (Sc-43, Sc-44, Sc-47, Cu-61, Cu-64, Cu-67, Ga-68, Er-165, Tm-165, Tm-167 and Tb-155) are presented.
Dellepiane et al., N. Cim. C, vol. 44p. 130, 2021.
Häffner et al., Instr., vol. 3p. 63, 2019.
Carzaniga et al., ARI, vol. 129p. 96, 2017.
Häffner et al., App. Sci., vol. 11p. 2452, 2021.
van der Meulen et al., Molecules, vol. 25, p. 4706, 2020.

Slides WEBO06 [6.048 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO06

About •

Received ※ 03 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 06 February 2023

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WEPO002

A Comparison Study of the Designing Models of Range Modulator by Using FLUKA Simulation Codes

proton, simulation, radiation, scattering

204

Y. Wang, Y.H. Gong, J.C. Liu, L. Sui, Q.J. Wang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

In this study, we investigated the optimization of the range modulator. Range modulator used in proton radiotherapy is expected to be accurate enough to achieve spread-out Bragg peak(SOBP). Based on the theory of Thomas Bortfeld, four different range modulator models were designed and compared by using the FLUKA simulation codes. The four models are: uneven ridge filter, smooth ridge filter, uneven range modulator wheel, and smooth range modulator wheel. Using 100 MeV and 230 MeV proton beams, the dose spatial distribution of the four models were calculated when the SOBP sections were 3, 5, 10, and 20 cm. The results showed that in ideal motion condition, the four models all showed the ideal range modulation effect. The average value of the difference was less than 2%. The evenness of the smooth models is improved compared with the uneven models. The smooth ridge filter model performed best. On the basis of this model, we tried to realize the movement of the SOBP region by adding a binary shielding layer. The results showed that the SOBP region can move in a small range at the expense of acceptable accuracy error. This study provides a design reference for the range modulator in proton therapy, and provides a new technical scheme to fill the target area for precise therapy.

Poster WEPO002 [1.957 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO002

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Received ※ 09 February 2023 — Revised ※ 17 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 09 May 2023

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WEPO008

H^- Intra-Beam Stripping Loss Rate in Isochronous Cyclotron

cyclotron, linac, resonance, electron

219

Y.-N. Rao
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Funding: This work was funded by TRIUMF which receives federal funding via a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada.
Binary collisions inside a H^- bunch result in H^- stripping and subsequent particle loss. This phenomenon, called intra-beam stripping, was observed in LEAR and SNS superconducting linac. We mimic the derivation made for the linac to derive the intra-beam stripping loss rate for an isochronous cyclotron. And then, we apply this theory to the TRIUMF 500 MeV H^- cyclotron to estimate the loss.

Poster WEPO008 [1.189 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO008

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Received ※ 05 December 2022 — Revised ※ 04 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 07 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 July 2023

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WEPO009

Status Report and Future Plan for Molecular Imaging Center (I-One) Facility

cyclotron, controls, radiation, GUI

223

M. Alredhi, R.N. Alsaif, M.A. Balkheir, S.Y. Farhood, S.S. Lingawi, M.A. Sharaf
King Abdul-Aziz University, I-one, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
S.M. Miliebari
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: Wadi Jeddah- King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia
The radio-pharmaceuticals production and imaging facility known as I-One at King Abdul-Aziz University in the western region of Saudi Arabia started first production in 2018. We will discuss the facility features, taking in consideration the existence in the university, where some basic research and training in different aspects of cyclotron operation and radio-pharmaceuticals production.

Poster WEPO009 [0.277 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO009

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Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 31 December 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 March 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 August 2023

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THPO003

Applications of the CYCIAE-100 Cyclotron in Neutron-Induced Single Event Effect

neutron, proton, radiation, electron

295

Q. Chen, J. Bao, G. Guo, J.H. Han, X. Ma, H.Y. Zhao
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Neutron-induced single event effect is one of the significant factors affecting the reliability of semiconductor devices in avionics and ground facilities. The 100 MeV proton cyclotron in China Institute of Atomic Energy (Cyciae-100) provides white neutron and quasi-monoenergetic neutron induced by proton and W/Li bombardment. Based on the white neutron beam line of Cyciae-100, the white neutron energy spectrum is measured by neutron time-of-flight method with double scintillator spectrometer, as well as the theoretical energy spectrum calculated by the Monte Carlo method. The neutron irradiation test of two SRAMs with different technology nodes were carried out, and the neutron single event upset sections are obtained simultaneously. In addition, based on the quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam line, the simulation of neutron energy spectrum and experimental measurement of neutron single event upset cross section for SRAMs were carried out. As a conclusion, the white neutron and quasi-monoenergetic neutron provided by Cyciae-100 are well suitable applied to the study of neutron single event effects.

Poster THPO003 [0.726 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO003

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Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 21 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 April 2023

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THPO005

JULIC - Driver Accelerator for HBS

neutron, experiment, cyclotron, controls

303

O. Felden, V. Kamerdzhiev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, Y. Valdau
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the energy variable cyclotron JULIC is used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and for low to medium current irradiations of different types. At the NESP-Target station a Target-Moderator-Reflector (TMR) -demonstrator of the proposed accelerator driven High Brilliance Neutron source (HBS) was set up with the Jülich Center of Neutron Science (JCNS). Beside showing the functionality of the TMR-Design the demonstrator gives the possibility to test new target materials, different types and concepts of moderators and at least the handling of irradiated targets and components. The TMR- target station is installed inside an Experimental area offering space for complex detector and component setups for nuclear and neutron related experiments like ToF-experiments or neutron imaging e.g. But it is used for other purposes like irradiation and electronic or detector tests as well. Additionally to the TMR, the extraction beamline from JULIC to the TMR was set up and equipped with a fast kicker and a 3-field permanent magnet, as foreseen in in HBS to deliver the beam to different target stations within a sophisticated pulsing scheme, synchronized with the beam pulsing done at JULIC, using fast deflection plates. This report briefly summarizes the history of JULIC and the activities for its future perspectives.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO005

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Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 18 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 February 2023

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THPO014

The Beam Dynamics Simulation of a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production

extraction, cyclotron, simulation, controls

334

W. Wang
Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, J. Zhou
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
S. Xu
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

The isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, has been de-signed by Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM) for widely used isotope production, which can extract proton with variable energy in range of 10~16 MeV. In this cyclotron, negative hydro-gen ion will be accelerated to 10~16 MeV, and then stripped out two electrons to become proton to be extracted. We have performed beam tracking starting from the ion source to the extraction reference point, and optimized the position of the stripping target to make the beam of different energies converge at radius of 110 cm. The orbit centralization is optimized by the design of first harmonic, and the axial size of extraction beam is also optimized. All the results of beam dynamics simulations will be presented.

Poster THPO014 [0.731 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO014

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Received ※ 16 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 February 2023

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THPO018

FFAG Activity in Japan and Future Projects

experiment, proton, radiation, injection

344

Y. Ishi, Y. Mori, T. Uesugi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

The current activities of FFAG in Japan will be presented as well as future projects using energy recovery internal target scheme in the FFAG ring.

Poster THPO018 [2.641 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO018

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Received ※ 18 January 2023 — Revised ※ 05 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 May 2023

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FRBO03

The Study of the Isochronous Magnetic Field and the Equilbrum Orbit of CS-30 Cyclotron

cyclotron, radiation, experiment, extraction

378

B.F. Fan, Z. Li
SCU, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

The CS-30 accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology of Sichuan University is a three-fan accelerator with constant angular width (45 degrees) at small radius and blade thickness increasing with radius at larger radius. In this paper, the magnetic field is analyzed, and the static equilibrium orbit, revolution frequency, oscillation frequencies and other data are calculated. These functions can be integrated to guide the accurate magnet numerical model setup of the existing CS-30 accelerator, which can be used in de education demonstration and experimental phenomena analysis. The optimization algorithm is innovatively introduced in the static equilibrium orbit calculation, which reduces the dependence of the results on the initial value and significantly improves the calculation speed. The calculation method presented in this paper is suitable for all cyclotrons.
*Summary of technical training for CS-30 cyclotron

Slides FRBO03 [2.662 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRBO03

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Received ※ 02 February 2023 — Revised ※ 03 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 21 May 2023

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