CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (scattering)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUBO02	Real Time Determinations of the Range and Bragg Peak of Protons with a Depth Profile Camera at HZB	proton, cyclotron, LabView, experiment	126
	A. Dittwald, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, S. Dillenardt, T. Fanselow, G. Kourkafas HZB, Berlin, Germany
	The cyclotron at HZB provides a 68 MeV proton beam for therapy as well as for experiments. By using a novel camera setup, the range of the proton beam is measured optically. The setup consists of a phantom, a luminescent layer inside and a CMOS camera. By measuring the emission of the luminescent layer, the Bragg peak and the range of the proton beam can be visualized for different energies. In contrast to a water bath, the camera system offers much shorter measurement times. A dedicated LabVIEW code offers various evaluation possibilities: the Bragg curve and the lateral beam profile are generated and displayed. The system is sensitive to energy differences of less than 400 keV. The results were obtained with a beam intensity of less than 10 pA/cm² homogenous proton beam in front of the degrader. The measurement is done in real time and provides live feedback on changes such as beam energy and beam size. The results of the camera are presented and compared to water bath measurement.
	Slides TUBO02 [3.388 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO02
About •	Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO002	A Comparison Study of the Designing Models of Range Modulator by Using FLUKA Simulation Codes	proton, simulation, target, radiation	204
	Y. Wang, Y.H. Gong, J.C. Liu, L. Sui, Q.J. Wang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	In this study, we investigated the optimization of the range modulator. Range modulator used in proton radiotherapy is expected to be accurate enough to achieve spread-out Bragg peak(SOBP). Based on the theory of Thomas Bortfeld, four different range modulator models were designed and compared by using the FLUKA simulation codes. The four models are: uneven ridge filter, smooth ridge filter, uneven range modulator wheel, and smooth range modulator wheel. Using 100 MeV and 230 MeV proton beams, the dose spatial distribution of the four models were calculated when the SOBP sections were 3, 5, 10, and 20 cm. The results showed that in ideal motion condition, the four models all showed the ideal range modulation effect. The average value of the difference was less than 2%. The evenness of the smooth models is improved compared with the uneven models. The smooth ridge filter model performed best. On the basis of this model, we tried to realize the movement of the SOBP region by adding a binary shielding layer. The results showed that the SOBP region can move in a small range at the expense of acceptable accuracy error. This study provides a design reference for the range modulator in proton therapy, and provides a new technical scheme to fill the target area for precise therapy.
	Poster WEPO002 [1.957 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO002
About •	Received ※ 09 February 2023 — Revised ※ 17 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 09 May 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRBI01	Different Methods to Increase the Transmission in Cyclotron-Based Proton Therapy Facilities	emittance, optics, cyclotron, proton	368
	V. Maradia, A.L. Lomax, D. Meer, S. Psoroulas, J.M. Schippers, D.C. Weber PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Funding: This work is supported by a PSI inter-departmental funding initiative (Cross) In proton therapy (PT), high dose rates could allow efficient utilization of motion mitigation techniques for moving targets, and potentially enhance normal tissue sparing due to the FLASH effect. Cyclotrons are currently the most common accelerator for PT, accounting for two-thirds of the total installations. However, for cyclotron-based facilities, high dose rates are difficult to reach for low-energy beams, which are generated by passing a high-energy beam through an energy degrader and an energy selection system (ESS); due to scattering and range straggling in the degrader, the emittance and energy/momentum spread increase significantly, incurring large losses from the cyclotron to the patient position. To solve these problems, we propose two approaches: a) transporting the maximum acceptable emittance in both transverse planes (using asymmetric collimators and/or scattering foil); b) an ESS with a wedge (instead of slits), reducing the momentum spread of the beam without significant beam losses. We demonstrate in simulation that low-energy beam transmission can be increased up to a factor of 60 using these approaches compared to the currently used beamline and ESS. This concept is key to enhance the potential of proton therapy by increasing the possibilities to treat new indications in current and future proton therapy facilities while reducing the cost.
	Slides FRBI01 [7.811 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRBI01
About •	Received ※ 12 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 May 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUBO02

Real Time Determinations of the Range and Bragg Peak of Protons with a Depth Profile Camera at HZB

proton, cyclotron, LabView, experiment

126

A. Dittwald, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, S. Dillenardt, T. Fanselow, G. Kourkafas
HZB, Berlin, Germany

The cyclotron at HZB provides a 68 MeV proton beam for therapy as well as for experiments. By using a novel camera setup, the range of the proton beam is measured optically. The setup consists of a phantom, a luminescent layer inside and a CMOS camera. By measuring the emission of the luminescent layer, the Bragg peak and the range of the proton beam can be visualized for different energies. In contrast to a water bath, the camera system offers much shorter measurement times. A dedicated LabVIEW code offers various evaluation possibilities: the Bragg curve and the lateral beam profile are generated and displayed. The system is sensitive to energy differences of less than 400 keV. The results were obtained with a beam intensity of less than 10 pA/cm² homogenous proton beam in front of the degrader. The measurement is done in real time and provides live feedback on changes such as beam energy and beam size. The results of the camera are presented and compared to water bath measurement.

Slides TUBO02 [3.388 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO02

About •

Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO002

A Comparison Study of the Designing Models of Range Modulator by Using FLUKA Simulation Codes

proton, simulation, target, radiation

204

Y. Wang, Y.H. Gong, J.C. Liu, L. Sui, Q.J. Wang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

In this study, we investigated the optimization of the range modulator. Range modulator used in proton radiotherapy is expected to be accurate enough to achieve spread-out Bragg peak(SOBP). Based on the theory of Thomas Bortfeld, four different range modulator models were designed and compared by using the FLUKA simulation codes. The four models are: uneven ridge filter, smooth ridge filter, uneven range modulator wheel, and smooth range modulator wheel. Using 100 MeV and 230 MeV proton beams, the dose spatial distribution of the four models were calculated when the SOBP sections were 3, 5, 10, and 20 cm. The results showed that in ideal motion condition, the four models all showed the ideal range modulation effect. The average value of the difference was less than 2%. The evenness of the smooth models is improved compared with the uneven models. The smooth ridge filter model performed best. On the basis of this model, we tried to realize the movement of the SOBP region by adding a binary shielding layer. The results showed that the SOBP region can move in a small range at the expense of acceptable accuracy error. This study provides a design reference for the range modulator in proton therapy, and provides a new technical scheme to fill the target area for precise therapy.

Poster WEPO002 [1.957 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO002

About •

Received ※ 09 February 2023 — Revised ※ 17 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 09 May 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRBI01

Different Methods to Increase the Transmission in Cyclotron-Based Proton Therapy Facilities

emittance, optics, cyclotron, proton

368

V. Maradia, A.L. Lomax, D. Meer, S. Psoroulas, J.M. Schippers, D.C. Weber
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: This work is supported by a PSI inter-departmental funding initiative (Cross)
In proton therapy (PT), high dose rates could allow efficient utilization of motion mitigation techniques for moving targets, and potentially enhance normal tissue sparing due to the FLASH effect. Cyclotrons are currently the most common accelerator for PT, accounting for two-thirds of the total installations. However, for cyclotron-based facilities, high dose rates are difficult to reach for low-energy beams, which are generated by passing a high-energy beam through an energy degrader and an energy selection system (ESS); due to scattering and range straggling in the degrader, the emittance and energy/momentum spread increase significantly, incurring large losses from the cyclotron to the patient position. To solve these problems, we propose two approaches: a) transporting the maximum acceptable emittance in both transverse planes (using asymmetric collimators and/or scattering foil); b) an ESS with a wedge (instead of slits), reducing the momentum spread of the beam without significant beam losses. We demonstrate in simulation that low-energy beam transmission can be increased up to a factor of 60 using these approaches compared to the currently used beamline and ESS. This concept is key to enhance the potential of proton therapy by increasing the possibilities to treat new indications in current and future proton therapy facilities while reducing the cost.

Slides FRBI01 [7.811 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRBI01

About •

Received ※ 12 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 May 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)