CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPO005	Impedance Characteristic Analysis and Matching Network Design for a 100 mA H⁻ Ion Source	network, plasma, impedance, ISOL	58
	A.X. Ding, H.R. Cai, X.L. Jia, P.Z. Li, Z.J. Nong, G.F. Pan, J.F. Wang, H. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has developed a series of multi-cusp H⁻ ion sources (IS) with DC beam intensity ranging from 3 to 18 mA for high intensity proton cyclotron uses such as cyclotron PET application, neutron source and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) facilities. Based on the previous experiences, a new project of radio frequency (RF) antenna driving ion source has been launched for pulse accelerator research. This new ion source is expected to provide over 100 mA peak intensity H⁻ beams of 60 keV and a longer maintenance interval than conventional filament-driving ion sources above. Impedance matching is indispensable for efficient RF power coupling in the whole working process of the ion source for high-intensity H⁻ beam extraction. In this paper, impedance characteristic of the IS antenna with various plasma loading is analyzed. Eight typical matching topologies are discussed on their electrical requirements. A type-L and a type-γ network are finally selected for the 2 MHz and 13.56 MHz chains respectively. This design may provide a better compromise between the matching performance and the cost of implementation for a wide dynamic loading range. Design of the network is evaluated on the power delivering efficiency in each of the two RF chains and isolation between one and the other. The IS structure and near-future work plan are also presented.
	Poster MOPO005 [1.228 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO005
About •	Received ※ 24 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO007	The Design and Commission of Vacuum System for CYCIAE-230 Superconducting Cyclotron	vacuum, cyclotron, MMI, cavity	66
	S.P. Zhang, H.R. Cai, W.F. Fu, B. Ji, J.Y. Liu, G.F. Pan, C. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, H. Zhou, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	In this paper, the design and installation CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron main vacuum system’s equipment and the cryogenic systems based on the liquid helium zero-boiling-off technology for the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotrons are described. The vacuum in the particle acceleration cavity is 2x10^-4 Pa. The main technical features of the accelerator vacuum system are that the main magnet cover plate with diameter 3.12m are used as a part of the main vacuum chamber, 8 magnetic poles, 8 high frequency resonators, and 2 sets of striper targets and 2 sets of radial targets are installed in the main vacuum chamber, resulting in technical difficulties such as large surface gas discharge, virtual leakage, high leakage of magnetic flux at the installation position of vacuum equipment (up to 2000 gauss) and so on. The main vacuum system is designed as 9 sets of TMP with magnet shields installed on the valley of magnet poles, which also used as RF cavity.
	Poster MOPO007 [1.509 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO007
About •	Received ※ 06 February 2023 — Revised ※ 07 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 August 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAI01	Self-Consistent Simulation of an Internal Ion Source Plasma Meniscus and Its Extracted Space Charge Dominated Beam in the Cyclotron Central Region	cyclotron, extraction, space-charge, simulation	138
	G. D’Agostino INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. D’Agostino, W.J.G.M. Kleeven IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Funding: *Work supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 886190 Central region design simulations for cyclotrons with internal ion source are often complicated by the fact that the initial particle phase space distribution is not well known. Especially for high-intensity cyclotrons, one would like to have a quantitative self-consistent approach for a more accurate simulation of the beam extracted from the ion source and its acceleration in the first accelerating gaps under space charge conditions. This paper proposes some new ideas and methods for this problem. The simulation approach has been developed at IBA for the high-intensity compact self-extracting cyclotron in the EU-H2020-MSCA InnovaTron project. Detailed results of simulations on plasma meniscus and space charge dominated beam extracted from it and accelerated in the cyclotron centre are shown in the paper.
	Slides WEAI01 [3.099 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAI01
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 09 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 03 June 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAI02	Upgrade of the RCNP AVF Cyclotron	cyclotron, proton, experiment, extraction	143
	M. Fukuda, T.H. Chong, T. Hara, K. Hatanaka, S. Imajo, H. Kanda, M. Kittaka, S. Matsui, S. Morinobu, Y. Morita, K. Nagayama, T. Saito, T. Shima, K. Takeda, H. Tamura, D. Tomono, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita, H. Yoshida, H. Zhao RCNP, Osaka, Japan M. Nakao Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
	The upgrade program of the RCNP K140 AVF cyclotron was started in 2019 to provide not only an intense light ion beam for short-lived RI production but also a high-quality intense beam for precision experiments in nuclear physics. Most of equipment besides the main coil, pole and yoke of the cyclotron magnet was replaced by new one. Especially the RF, injection and extraction systems were fully modified to increase a beam current. A new coaxial-type resonator was designed to cover a frequency range from 16 to 36 MHz for acceleration of staple particles using acceleration harmonic mode of h=2 and h=6. The acceleration voltage of ion sources was increased from 15 kV to 50 kV to enhance the beam intensity and to reduce the beam emittance for injecting a high-quality intense ion beam into the cyclotron. The central region of the cyclotron was fully redesigned to improve beam transmission from the LEBT system. Beam commissioning was started from May 2022, and a 28 MeV 4He²⁺ beam was supplied to produce a short-lived RI of At-211 used for the targeted alpha-particle therapy. A 65 MeV proton beam was successfully injected into the K400 ring cyclotron to provide a 392 MeV proton beam for production of a white neutron flux and a muon beam. Several ion beams have been already used for academic research and industrial applications.
	Slides WEAI02 [9.428 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAI02
About •	Received ※ 16 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO01	OPAL Simulation on the Beam Transmission in the Central Region of the Medical Cyclotron COMET at Paul Scherrer Institute	cyclotron, simulation, proton, experiment	148
	H. Zhang, C. Baumgarten, P. Frey, M. Hartmann, R. Kan, M. Kostezer, A. Mülhaupt, J.M. Schippers, A. Schmidt, J. Snuverink PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The use of the medical cyclotron COMET for FLASH proton therapy requires a high beam transmission from the ion source through the central region apertures. This paper first presents a model of the COMET cyclotron featuring a rotatable ion source, a movable puller, and an adjustable first fixed slit (FFS), implemented with the OPAL framework. The electromagnetic field is individual-ly created to match each specific configuration. The beam optics parameters, especially beam position and beam size upon approaching and after passing FFS, have been studied in detail. The OPAL simulations demon-strate that an optimal configuration of the ion source, the puller and the FFS is key to achieve a high beam trans-mission. An experimental test gave a 2.8 times higher intensity within COMET cyclotron with the modifications derived on the basis of the simulations: a 0.57 mm shift of puller and a 5.6° rotation of ion source. The simula-tions indicate that, with these modifications, the beam can still be centered and accelerated to the extraction energy of 250 MeV. Next step is to investigate the influ-ence of such modifications upon the acceleration and the extraction, again with an iterative approach combining simulations and experiments.
	Slides WEAO01 [5.351 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO01
About •	Received ※ 13 December 2022 — Revised ※ 09 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 March 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO03	Development of the Cyclone® Key: How Interoperability Leads to Compactness	cyclotron, vacuum, target, isotope-production	156
	V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J. Caulier, Q. Flandroy, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, J. Mandrillon, O. Michaux, N.A.R. Mine, E. van der Kraaij IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Funding: Pole Mecatech/Biowin/SPW RW - Convention 8150: CardiAmmonia In 2020, IBA has started the design, construction, tests and industrialization of a new proton cyclotron for the low energy range, the Cyclone® KEY, for PET isotope production (18F, 13N, 11C) for neurology, cardiology or oncology imaging. It is a compact and fully automated isochronous cyclotron accelerating H⁻ up to 9,2 MeV. Based on the successful design history and return of experience of the Cyclone® KIUBE, the Cyclone® KEY design has been focused on compactness (self-shielding enabled), cost effectiveness and ease of installation, operation and maintenance. The innovative design consists in the interoperability of the different subsystems: the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system, the ion source, the stripping extraction, and target changers (with up to three targets). First beam tests results will also be presented.
	Slides WEAO03 [2.848 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO03
About •	Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO004	High Power Center Region with Internal Ion Source	cyclotron, acceleration, simulation, focusing	211
	O. Karamyshev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Cyclotrons for medical isotope production require high beam current. Author propose the design of central region with internal ion source at 6.6 kV potential placed in the center of cyclotoron and delivering the beam to every RF cavity symmetrically.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO004
About •	Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO016	A New 18 GHz ECR Ion Source for Cyclotron at CIAE	ECR, cyclotron, electron, injection	234
	B. Tang, L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, G. Guo, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, L. Sui, Y.F. Wang, L. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Z.H. Jia, L.B. Li, Y.T. Li, W. Lu, J.D. Ma, P. Peng, C. Qian, L.T. Sun, P. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	In order to meet the requirements of ion beam for the single event effect experiment, the ion source needs to supply ion beams of N, Ne, Si, Ar, Fe, Kr, Xe, and so on for the cyclotron. The most effective way to increase the energy of the cyclotron is to increase the charged state, and the Kr ion charge state reaches +22 while the Xe ion charge state reaches +35. A new room-temperature Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source operating at 18 GHz has been developed and assembled at CIAE. This new ECR ion source is based on the Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source No.5 (LECR5) developed at IMP. The magnetic confinement of the new ECR ion source is realized by the axial mirror field provided by two set of room temperature pancake coils while the radial hexapole field is supplied by a permanent magnet hexapole. A multi-sputter disk injection component was designed for the production of metallic cocktail ion beams. This paper will give the detailed design of this ion source, and some preliminary highly charged ion beam production results will also be presented.
	Poster WEPO016 [0.654 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO016
About •	Received ※ 11 February 2023 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 20 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBI02	Status Report on the Cyclotron Injector for HIMM	cyclotron, operation, extraction, ECR	269
	G.L. Dou, X. Chen, C.C. Li, L.T. Sun, B. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Yang, Q.G. Yao, H.W. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	HIMM (Heavy Ion Medical Machine) is an accelerator complex designed by Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, which accelerates carbon ions to the energy 400 MeV/A for tumor therapy. The main accelerator of HIMM is a synchronous accelerator. As a special design, we use a cyclotron as the injector of the synchrontron. The cyclotron is a compact cyclotron to accelerate C¹²⁵⁺ ions to the energy 6.8 MeV/A, and the extracted beam intensity of the cyclotron is 10 eµA. For stability and simplicity operation, we use two identical permanent magnet ECR ion sources in the axial injection line, that the ion sources can interchange with each other rapidly with the same performance, and only one main exciting coil with no trim coils in the cyclotron magnet. Up to now, three cyclotrons have been accomplished, one of them was operated in Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital to treat more than six hundred cancer patients in the last two and a half years, the other one had been fully commissioned in Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital about two years ago. After a short introduction to the heavy ion cancer treatment facility development in China, this paper will present operation status of the cyclotrons for HIMM. Typical performance and on-line operation reliability will be discussed.
	Slides THBI02 [2.031 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBI02
About •	Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 August 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2023
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THBO01	A New Concept Of Cyclotrons for Medical Applications	cyclotron, acceleration, proton, extraction	274
	O. Karamyshev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Demand for cyclotrons for medical applications is growing rapidly. Cyclotrons delivering proton beams from 15 MeV up to 230 MeV are being used for isotopes production and proton therapy. Author proposes a con-cept that allows to significantly reduce cost of cyclotrons by making them more compact and power efficient without using superconducting coil. In the proposed design ratio between azimuthal length of sectors and valleys is over 3 to 1, with RF system operating at high frequency and acceleration at harmonic mode of 2 times the number of sectors. Compact size is achieved not by increasing the magnet field level, but by reducing the coil and RF system dimension. Cyclotrons will have 4 sectors and 4 rf cavities operating at harmonic 8 with 1.55 T mean field and accelerating frequency 180 MHz.
	Slides THBO01 [2.914 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBO01
About •	Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 February 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO019	Control of a Cyclotron and an ECR Ion Source Using Bayesian Optimization Method	experiment, brightness, LEBT, ECR	347
	Y. Morita, M. Fukuda, H. Kanda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan T. Washio ISIR, Osaka, Japan
	An enormous number of parameters are tuned during accelerator operation. The tuning is ultimately dependent on the operator’s knowledge and experience. Therefore, there is a risk that tuning time and accuracy may vary depending on the operator. This tuning difficulty is an extremely important issue when implementing accelerometers in society, such as in medical applications. In this study, we developed an automatic tuning method using Bayesian optimization, one of the machine learning technique. The aim is to realize a tuning method that can supply beams in a short time with good reproducibility and comparable to manual tuning.
	Poster THPO019 [0.700 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO019
About •	Received ※ 21 December 2022 — Revised ※ 29 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 February 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPO005

Impedance Characteristic Analysis and Matching Network Design for a 100 mA H⁻ Ion Source

network, plasma, impedance, ISOL

58

A.X. Ding, H.R. Cai, X.L. Jia, P.Z. Li, Z.J. Nong, G.F. Pan, J.F. Wang, H. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has developed a series of multi-cusp H⁻ ion sources (IS) with DC beam intensity ranging from 3 to 18 mA for high intensity proton cyclotron uses such as cyclotron PET application, neutron source and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) facilities. Based on the previous experiences, a new project of radio frequency (RF) antenna driving ion source has been launched for pulse accelerator research. This new ion source is expected to provide over 100 mA peak intensity H⁻ beams of 60 keV and a longer maintenance interval than conventional filament-driving ion sources above. Impedance matching is indispensable for efficient RF power coupling in the whole working process of the ion source for high-intensity H⁻ beam extraction. In this paper, impedance characteristic of the IS antenna with various plasma loading is analyzed. Eight typical matching topologies are discussed on their electrical requirements. A type-L and a type-γ network are finally selected for the 2 MHz and 13.56 MHz chains respectively. This design may provide a better compromise between the matching performance and the cost of implementation for a wide dynamic loading range. Design of the network is evaluated on the power delivering efficiency in each of the two RF chains and isolation between one and the other. The IS structure and near-future work plan are also presented.

Poster MOPO005 [1.228 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO005

About •

Received ※ 24 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO007

The Design and Commission of Vacuum System for CYCIAE-230 Superconducting Cyclotron

vacuum, cyclotron, MMI, cavity

66

S.P. Zhang, H.R. Cai, W.F. Fu, B. Ji, J.Y. Liu, G.F. Pan, C. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, H. Zhou, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

In this paper, the design and installation CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron main vacuum system’s equipment and the cryogenic systems based on the liquid helium zero-boiling-off technology for the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotrons are described. The vacuum in the particle acceleration cavity is 2x10^-4 Pa. The main technical features of the accelerator vacuum system are that the main magnet cover plate with diameter 3.12m are used as a part of the main vacuum chamber, 8 magnetic poles, 8 high frequency resonators, and 2 sets of striper targets and 2 sets of radial targets are installed in the main vacuum chamber, resulting in technical difficulties such as large surface gas discharge, virtual leakage, high leakage of magnetic flux at the installation position of vacuum equipment (up to 2000 gauss) and so on. The main vacuum system is designed as 9 sets of TMP with magnet shields installed on the valley of magnet poles, which also used as RF cavity.

Poster MOPO007 [1.509 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO007

About •

Received ※ 06 February 2023 — Revised ※ 07 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 August 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAI01

Self-Consistent Simulation of an Internal Ion Source Plasma Meniscus and Its Extracted Space Charge Dominated Beam in the Cyclotron Central Region

cyclotron, extraction, space-charge, simulation

138

G. D’Agostino
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. D’Agostino, W.J.G.M. Kleeven
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Funding: *Work supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 886190
Central region design simulations for cyclotrons with internal ion source are often complicated by the fact that the initial particle phase space distribution is not well known. Especially for high-intensity cyclotrons, one would like to have a quantitative self-consistent approach for a more accurate simulation of the beam extracted from the ion source and its acceleration in the first accelerating gaps under space charge conditions. This paper proposes some new ideas and methods for this problem. The simulation approach has been developed at IBA for the high-intensity compact self-extracting cyclotron in the EU-H2020-MSCA InnovaTron project. Detailed results of simulations on plasma meniscus and space charge dominated beam extracted from it and accelerated in the cyclotron centre are shown in the paper.

Slides WEAI01 [3.099 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAI01

About •

Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 09 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 03 June 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAI02

Upgrade of the RCNP AVF Cyclotron

cyclotron, proton, experiment, extraction

143

M. Fukuda, T.H. Chong, T. Hara, K. Hatanaka, S. Imajo, H. Kanda, M. Kittaka, S. Matsui, S. Morinobu, Y. Morita, K. Nagayama, T. Saito, T. Shima, K. Takeda, H. Tamura, D. Tomono, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita, H. Yoshida, H. Zhao
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
M. Nakao
Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan

The upgrade program of the RCNP K140 AVF cyclotron was started in 2019 to provide not only an intense light ion beam for short-lived RI production but also a high-quality intense beam for precision experiments in nuclear physics. Most of equipment besides the main coil, pole and yoke of the cyclotron magnet was replaced by new one. Especially the RF, injection and extraction systems were fully modified to increase a beam current. A new coaxial-type resonator was designed to cover a frequency range from 16 to 36 MHz for acceleration of staple particles using acceleration harmonic mode of h=2 and h=6. The acceleration voltage of ion sources was increased from 15 kV to 50 kV to enhance the beam intensity and to reduce the beam emittance for injecting a high-quality intense ion beam into the cyclotron. The central region of the cyclotron was fully redesigned to improve beam transmission from the LEBT system. Beam commissioning was started from May 2022, and a 28 MeV 4He²⁺ beam was supplied to produce a short-lived RI of At-211 used for the targeted alpha-particle therapy. A 65 MeV proton beam was successfully injected into the K400 ring cyclotron to provide a 392 MeV proton beam for production of a white neutron flux and a muon beam. Several ion beams have been already used for academic research and industrial applications.

Slides WEAI02 [9.428 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAI02

About •

Received ※ 16 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO01

OPAL Simulation on the Beam Transmission in the Central Region of the Medical Cyclotron COMET at Paul Scherrer Institute

cyclotron, simulation, proton, experiment

148

H. Zhang, C. Baumgarten, P. Frey, M. Hartmann, R. Kan, M. Kostezer, A. Mülhaupt, J.M. Schippers, A. Schmidt, J. Snuverink
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The use of the medical cyclotron COMET for FLASH proton therapy requires a high beam transmission from the ion source through the central region apertures. This paper first presents a model of the COMET cyclotron featuring a rotatable ion source, a movable puller, and an adjustable first fixed slit (FFS), implemented with the OPAL framework. The electromagnetic field is individual-ly created to match each specific configuration. The beam optics parameters, especially beam position and beam size upon approaching and after passing FFS, have been studied in detail. The OPAL simulations demon-strate that an optimal configuration of the ion source, the puller and the FFS is key to achieve a high beam trans-mission. An experimental test gave a 2.8 times higher intensity within COMET cyclotron with the modifications derived on the basis of the simulations: a 0.57 mm shift of puller and a 5.6° rotation of ion source. The simula-tions indicate that, with these modifications, the beam can still be centered and accelerated to the extraction energy of 250 MeV. Next step is to investigate the influ-ence of such modifications upon the acceleration and the extraction, again with an iterative approach combining simulations and experiments.

Slides WEAO01 [5.351 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO01

About •

Received ※ 13 December 2022 — Revised ※ 09 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 March 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO03

Development of the Cyclone® Key: How Interoperability Leads to Compactness

cyclotron, vacuum, target, isotope-production

156

V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J. Caulier, Q. Flandroy, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E.K. Kral, J. Mandrillon, O. Michaux, N.A.R. Mine, E. van der Kraaij
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Funding: Pole Mecatech/Biowin/SPW RW - Convention 8150: CardiAmmonia
In 2020, IBA has started the design, construction, tests and industrialization of a new proton cyclotron for the low energy range, the Cyclone® KEY, for PET isotope production (18F, 13N, 11C) for neurology, cardiology or oncology imaging. It is a compact and fully automated isochronous cyclotron accelerating H⁻ up to 9,2 MeV. Based on the successful design history and return of experience of the Cyclone® KIUBE, the Cyclone® KEY design has been focused on compactness (self-shielding enabled), cost effectiveness and ease of installation, operation and maintenance. The innovative design consists in the interoperability of the different subsystems: the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system, the ion source, the stripping extraction, and target changers (with up to three targets). First beam tests results will also be presented.

Slides WEAO03 [2.848 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO03

About •

Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO004

High Power Center Region with Internal Ion Source

cyclotron, acceleration, simulation, focusing

211

O. Karamyshev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Cyclotrons for medical isotope production require high beam current. Author propose the design of central region with internal ion source at 6.6 kV potential placed in the center of cyclotoron and delivering the beam to every RF cavity symmetrically.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO004

About •

Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO016

A New 18 GHz ECR Ion Source for Cyclotron at CIAE

ECR, cyclotron, electron, injection

234

B. Tang, L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, G. Guo, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, L. Sui, Y.F. Wang, L. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Z.H. Jia, L.B. Li, Y.T. Li, W. Lu, J.D. Ma, P. Peng, C. Qian, L.T. Sun, P. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

In order to meet the requirements of ion beam for the single event effect experiment, the ion source needs to supply ion beams of N, Ne, Si, Ar, Fe, Kr, Xe, and so on for the cyclotron. The most effective way to increase the energy of the cyclotron is to increase the charged state, and the Kr ion charge state reaches +22 while the Xe ion charge state reaches +35. A new room-temperature Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source operating at 18 GHz has been developed and assembled at CIAE. This new ECR ion source is based on the Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source No.5 (LECR5) developed at IMP. The magnetic confinement of the new ECR ion source is realized by the axial mirror field provided by two set of room temperature pancake coils while the radial hexapole field is supplied by a permanent magnet hexapole. A multi-sputter disk injection component was designed for the production of metallic cocktail ion beams. This paper will give the detailed design of this ion source, and some preliminary highly charged ion beam production results will also be presented.

Poster WEPO016 [0.654 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO016

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Received ※ 11 February 2023 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 20 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2023

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THBI02

Status Report on the Cyclotron Injector for HIMM

cyclotron, operation, extraction, ECR

269

G.L. Dou, X. Chen, C.C. Li, L.T. Sun, B. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Yang, Q.G. Yao, H.W. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

HIMM (Heavy Ion Medical Machine) is an accelerator complex designed by Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, which accelerates carbon ions to the energy 400 MeV/A for tumor therapy. The main accelerator of HIMM is a synchronous accelerator. As a special design, we use a cyclotron as the injector of the synchrontron. The cyclotron is a compact cyclotron to accelerate C¹²⁵⁺ ions to the energy 6.8 MeV/A, and the extracted beam intensity of the cyclotron is 10 eµA. For stability and simplicity operation, we use two identical permanent magnet ECR ion sources in the axial injection line, that the ion sources can interchange with each other rapidly with the same performance, and only one main exciting coil with no trim coils in the cyclotron magnet. Up to now, three cyclotrons have been accomplished, one of them was operated in Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital to treat more than six hundred cancer patients in the last two and a half years, the other one had been fully commissioned in Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital about two years ago. After a short introduction to the heavy ion cancer treatment facility development in China, this paper will present operation status of the cyclotrons for HIMM. Typical performance and on-line operation reliability will be discussed.

Slides THBI02 [2.031 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBI02

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Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 July 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 August 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2023

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THBO01

A New Concept Of Cyclotrons for Medical Applications

cyclotron, acceleration, proton, extraction

274

O. Karamyshev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Demand for cyclotrons for medical applications is growing rapidly. Cyclotrons delivering proton beams from 15 MeV up to 230 MeV are being used for isotopes production and proton therapy. Author proposes a con-cept that allows to significantly reduce cost of cyclotrons by making them more compact and power efficient without using superconducting coil. In the proposed design ratio between azimuthal length of sectors and valleys is over 3 to 1, with RF system operating at high frequency and acceleration at harmonic mode of 2 times the number of sectors. Compact size is achieved not by increasing the magnet field level, but by reducing the coil and RF system dimension. Cyclotrons will have 4 sectors and 4 rf cavities operating at harmonic 8 with 1.55 T mean field and accelerating frequency 180 MHz.

Slides THBO01 [2.914 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBO01

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Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 February 2023

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THPO019

Control of a Cyclotron and an ECR Ion Source Using Bayesian Optimization Method

experiment, brightness, LEBT, ECR

347

Y. Morita, M. Fukuda, H. Kanda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
T. Washio
ISIR, Osaka, Japan

An enormous number of parameters are tuned during accelerator operation. The tuning is ultimately dependent on the operator’s knowledge and experience. Therefore, there is a risk that tuning time and accuracy may vary depending on the operator. This tuning difficulty is an extremely important issue when implementing accelerometers in society, such as in medical applications. In this study, we developed an automatic tuning method using Bayesian optimization, one of the machine learning technique. The aim is to realize a tuning method that can supply beams in a short time with good reproducibility and comparable to manual tuning.

Poster THPO019 [0.700 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO019

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Received ※ 21 December 2022 — Revised ※ 29 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 February 2023

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