CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (controls)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPO001	A Real-Time Controller for Rapid Energy Degrading of the CYCIAE-230 Cyclotron Beam Production System	real-time, proton, software, hardware	47
	Q.Q. Song, H.R. Cai, Q.K. Guo, A.L. He, T.Y. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The energy selection system (ESS) plays an important role in a proton therapy system. Usually, it consists of an energy degrader, a set of achromatic bending magnets, an envelope collimator, and a momentum-selecting slit. In CIAE, a dedicated beam transportation line, including these essential elements, for the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron has been designed and manufactured for study purposes. To reduce the layer switching time, e.g. typically within 50 milliseconds, this ESS system takes advantage of VME-based real-time controller design. On one side, this controller uses S-curve to direct drive the step motors of various actuators, this is done by an off-the-shelf embedded controller. On the other hand, it uses Data Distribution Service (DDS) communication protocol to tap into the nozzle control system network directly. In such a manner, the energy requirement can be efficiently handled and the controller is also responsible for the current regulation of the 46 magnets. The design of this high-efficiency controller will be reported in this paper, both from hardware and software aspects. Preliminary test results will also be evaluated and analyzed to direct further improvement of the system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO001
About •	Received ※ 20 October 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2023
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MOPO004	Beam Dump Development for High Power Proton and Electron Beam	electron, proton, target, cavity	54
	J.Y. Liu, H.R. Cai, M.Z. Hu, G.F. Pan, S. Pei, G.F. Song, L. Wang, Y. Wang, S.M. Wei, Z.G. Yin, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The high-intensity 100 MeV proton cyclotron CYCIAE-100 had provided 52 kW beam to the beam dump in 2018, is planning to upgrade at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). It is designed to provide a 75~100 MeV, 1 mA proton beam. So, a new beam dump for higher beam power have been developed since 2020. At the same time, a 1:4 scale, RF cavity with Q value up to 42000, is constructed for the engineering feasibility verification of a 2 GeV/6 MW CW FFAG, which is also being considered as a main accelerating cavity of a 100 kW electron accelerator. The electron beam will be rotated and accelerated 7 times by the gradient dipoles and the high Q cavity. The beam dump is designed to also use for the 100kW electron beam. With the same-level beam power of the two accelerators above the content, a beam dump for absorbing two kinds of particle beams according to the characteristics of the modification was designed. The energy deposition of 100MeV proton beam and 5MeV electron beam in the beam dump was investigated by the Monte-Carlo simulation program FLUKA. The beam dump cooling structure was optimizing by ICEM-CFD and fluent, so that the beam dump temperature was controlled less than 100°C, and the maximum temperature on the beam dump is less than 450°C. The beam dump is designed as a cube (450200200, unit:mm) with two 2.5°V-type copper pentagon and two flat parts. All the details about the simulation of energy deposition, thermal distribution and structure design will be presented in the paper.
	Poster MOPO004 [3.428 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO004
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2023
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MOPO008	PLC Based Vacuum Control and Interlock System of the CYCIAE-230 Superconducting Cyclotron Beam Line	vacuum, PLC, cyclotron, interface	70
	M.Z. Hu, H.R. Cai, A.L. He, S.M. Jiang, T.Y. Jiang, J.Y. Liu, P. Liu, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, F.D. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	In the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron beam line, a vacuum system capable of providing a pressure of about 5·10^-4 Pa is required for particle beam transport. In order to provide adequate interlocking to safeguard the vacuum environment and ensure the regular transmission of particles within the beam line, a vacuum control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) has been developed and integrated into the accelerator monitoring system. The PLC not only interfaces with the quick-acting relay based on interlocking signals but also interfaces with the equipment based on Profibus communication to monitor and control various parameters in the vacuum system, such as pump speed, vacuum pressure reading, valve status, water cooling status, etc. This work presents the structure and interface logic necessary for communication with a series of valves, vacuum gauges, and molecular pump controllers. Also presented is an interface approach between vacuum control and the rest of the accelerator control system.
	Poster MOPO008 [3.051 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO008
About •	Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 April 2023
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MOPO011	Design and Operation of the New Fast Beam Chopper between Tandetron and Cyclotron	electron, power-supply, electronics, vacuum	76
	T. Fanselow, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, A. Dittwald, U. Hiller HZB, Berlin, Germany
	In collaboration with Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, patients with ocular melanomas are treated with protons at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. Accompanying research includes beam delivery for Flash irradiation, thus it became necessary to set up a fast and reliable beam chopper. The new beam chopper can deliver much shorter pulses than needed for Flash irradiation, minimum pulse widths down to 70ns at 1kV amplitude can be delivered. A short description of the design and installation process, which occurred in 2020, and the experiences of the first 2 years of operation with the new fast beam chopper system is presented.
	Poster MOPO011 [3.738 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO011
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2023
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MOPO013	Experimental Study of Beam Energy Control at the TIARA AVF Cyclotron	cyclotron, experiment, target, extraction	83
	N. Miyawaki, N.S. Ishioka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, S. Watanabe QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan M. Fukuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	The TIARA AVF cyclotron provides a He beam for production of At-211 as one of many beam applications. The production rate of At-211 increases with the energy of the He beam, but contamination of Po-210 produced by radioactive decay of At-210, which is generated by the energy of above 29 MeV, must be prevented for medical applications. Therefore, the energy of the He beam must be precisely measured and controlled. A time-of-flight beam energy monitor in the straight beamline from the cyclotron was installed to measure the beam energy in real time. The beam energy was arbitrarily controlled within a range of about 1% by adjusting the cyclotron magnetic field and accelerating voltage, which are the possible causes of the beam energy change. Using this control, we investigated the rate of formation of At-211 and At-210 as the beam energy was varied. As a result, we confirmed the energy generating At-210 and both production rates increased with the energy of the He beam.
	Poster MOPO013 [1.010 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO013
About •	Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 March 2023
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MOPO015	TRIUMF LLRF Control System Upgrade	LLRF, hardware, cavity, Linux	91
	X.L. Fu, T. Au, K. Fong, Q. Zheng TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	The LLRF system for Transfer line from Drift Tube LINAC(DTL) to Superconducting Linac (SCB) (DSB) was an analog-digital hybrid system running at 35.36MHz. The system controls the amplitude/phase and tuning for a buncher cavity on the beamline. During the 2022 October shutdown, the system is upgraded to a new fully-digital LLRF system. The new digital LLRF system is based on TRIUMF’s universal LLRF hardware with a new firmware. Instead of using a VXI crate, the new system adopts a NIM bin and uses USB communication with the local control PC. The amplitude/phase regulation is implemented in the FPGA firmware, and the tuning loop is implemented in the PC software, but driven by the FPGA. The Debian 11 linux OS is running on ARM CPU, and the new digital LLRF system works as a standard window HID device. The linux OS allows the firmware be updated in-situ using Ethernet communication. The detailed design is described in this paper.
	Poster MOPO015 [6.084 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO015
About •	Received ※ 02 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 February 2023
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MOPO016	Control of Cyclotron Vertical Deflector for Proton Therapy	cyclotron, proton, FPGA, high-voltage	95
	F.D. Yang, T.Y. Jiang, X. Mu, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China X.L. Fu TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has designed a superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230 to enhance the domestic development of proton therapy. A research program on the beamline and experimental stations for the proton therapy and the space science was launched by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). The modern therapy methodology often requires rapid beam modulation on both the beam energy and the intensity. In this scenario, a vertical deflector is designed and installed in the cyclotron’s central region. Applying a high-voltage electric field between the two plates can quickly adjust the intensity of the low-energy beam. Nevertheless, the voltage applied is nonlinear to the beam intensity. According to this requirement, a homemade controller for the vertical deflector is designed. Since the beam loss caused by the energy degrader is also nonlinear, this controller can compensate for the beam loss caused by energy modulation. To realize real-time control, the controller combines Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Digital Signal Process (DSP) as its control scheme design. Carried out by the DSP by interpolating the lookup table data, a feed-forward regulation is also designed to take care of the nonlinear compensation for the beam loss on the energy degrader. In the meantime, an ionized chamber provides feedback readings of the intensity just before the nozzle. A PID algorithm is also included by using FPGA, to archive the feedback control of the vertical deflector.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO016
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 May 2023
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MOPO017	RF Cavity Resonant Control Using Mimimal Seeking Sliding Mode Controller	cavity, ISAC, DTL, ECR	99
	K. Fong, T. Au, X.L. Fu, R. Leewe, Q. Zheng TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	Accelerating RF normal conducting cavities having Quality Factors of over 10³. These cavities must be constantly tuned to maintain resonance for maximum power efficiency. Traditional tuning method uses ’phase comparison method’ by monitoring the phase shift across the input and output of the cavity. This method suffers from phase drift due to diurnal temperature variations. Since 2017, TRIUMF ISAC-1 cavities are tuned using minimal seeking sliding mode controllers, which eliminate effects drift due to temperature changes. As with all extremum seeking algorithm, chattering is invariable present in the system, especially near the end-stage. This paper also includes a new chattering suppression method known as ’skipping surface’, which is slated to be installed in ISAC-1 LLRF upgrade in 2023.
	Poster MOPO017 [0.969 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO017
About •	Received ※ 26 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 May 2023
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MOPO019	Optimization of Rapid Magnetic Field Control of the CYCIAE-230 Cyclotron Beamline Magnets	proton, experiment, cyclotron, power-supply	106
	A.L. He, H.R. Cai, Q.K. Guo, P. Huang, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The magnetic field precise and rapid control of the beamline magnets is essential to the Energy Selection System (ESS) for the proton therapy facility. During the scanning of proton beam for therapy, the field of each beamline magnet should be precisely controlled within the set time, layer upon layer. The position of beam spot to the nozzle should undoubtedly be stable and unchanged during the process. In practice, however, due to the wide energy range of proton therapy (70 MeV-230 MeV), the dynamic response of the beamline magnets usually shows nonlinear performances at a different energy, e.g., the magnetic field may cause a significant overshoot for some specific beam energy if one ignores the nonlinear effect. More challenge is that the magnetic field drops too slowly between the energy steps, which compromises the overall performance of rapid intensity modulated scanning therapy. A dynamic PID parameter optimization method is reported in this paper to address this issue. According to the transfer function of each magnet, the entire energy range is divided into several steps. Then, the experiments are carried out to find the most suitable PID parameters for each energy step. Finally, the "beam energy - excitation current-PID parameters" lookup table (LUT) is generated and stored in the beamline control system BCS for automation. During the treatment, using the LUT allows the energy setting for beamline magnets to be adjusted automatically with the most appropriate PID parameter, guaranteeing the overall performance of rapid scanning therapy. The experimental results show the overall response time of all the beamline magnets reduced from several hundred milliseconds to less than 65 ms, which meets the design requirement of less than 80ms.
	Poster MOPO019 [0.364 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO019
About •	Received ※ 06 January 2023 — Revised ※ 30 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 February 2023
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TUBO04	Evaluation of PLC-Based EtherNet/IP Communication for Upgrade of Electromagnet Power Supply Control at RIBF	Ethernet, EPICS, power-supply, network	134
	A. Uchiyama, N. Fukunishi, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	In the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF), a front-end controller consisting of a computer automated measurement and control (CAMAC)-based system and I/O devices are utilized for the power supplies of many electromagnets upstream from the RIKEN RING Cyclotron. The CPU installed in the system is an x86-based CAMAC crate controller known as "CC/NET". An experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) input/output controller (IOC) running embedded Linux is used to remotely control the electromagnet power sup-plies. However, these CAMAC-based systems are outdated and require replacement. The FA-M3 programmable logic controller (PLC) is an alternative candidate device that can be incorporated into the magnet power supply. However, a high-reliability network between the EPICS IOC and the device is required compared to a conventional socket connection via Ethernet. Therefore, we evaluated a system that uses EtherNet/IP to communicate between these devices and the EPICS IOC. The Ether-Net/IP system is based on the TCP/IP protocol, which is widely used for field bus communications via Ethernet. An advantage of using EtherNet/IP is that it enables cost-effective reliable communication despite the use of TCP/IP. It is possible to improve the reliability of the interlock output even when using conventional TCP/IP-based network.
	Slides TUBO04 [6.339 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO04
About •	Received ※ 28 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 May 2023
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WEBO01	Bench to Bedside: Translational Nuclear Medicine Research and Clinical Theranostics in PUMCH	target, HOM, data-analysis, ECR	179
	L.H. Huo PUMCH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	PUMCH was founded In 1921. In 1958, PUMCH established the first nuclear medicine department in the country which eventually became the most comprehensive unit of nuclear medicine in China. The department has topped the ranking in "China’s Hospital Rankings" for consecutively 7 years and has done great efforts in translational research of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. By now, over 10 isotopes and 100 radiopharmaceuticals are employed to support routine clinical work and more than 50 research projects as well, involving theranostic and preclinical exploration. These research achievements were highly glorified in the top international conferences and journals. The department not only keeps up with the advanced medical technologies in the world but also indulges in promoting novel technology applications in domestic hospitals. After a 60 years journey, the department of nuclear medicine in PUMCH with her superior capability will continuously lead nuclear medicine exploration and development in China. The department will begin another new and prosperous journey in the new era.
	Slides WEBO01 [17.823 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO01
About •	Received ※ 22 May 2023 — Revised ※ 04 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 06 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 July 2023
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WEPO009	Status Report and Future Plan for Molecular Imaging Center (I-One) Facility	cyclotron, target, radiation, GUI	223
	M. Alredhi, R.N. Alsaif, M.A. Balkheir, S.Y. Farhood, S.S. Lingawi, M.A. Sharaf King Abdul-Aziz University, I-one, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia S.M. Miliebari King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: Wadi Jeddah- King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia The radio-pharmaceuticals production and imaging facility known as I-One at King Abdul-Aziz University in the western region of Saudi Arabia started first production in 2018. We will discuss the facility features, taking in consideration the existence in the university, where some basic research and training in different aspects of cyclotron operation and radio-pharmaceuticals production.
	Poster WEPO009 [0.277 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO009
About •	Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 31 December 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 March 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 August 2023
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WEPO010	High Intensity Cyclotron System Integration and Commissioning for Industrialization Application	cyclotron, power-supply, operation, MMI	225
	P.Z. Li, H.R. Cai, S.G. Hou, X.L. Jia, G.F. Pan, G.F. Song, J.F. Wang, G. Yang, H. Zhang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Up to 430 µA beam intensity was obtained in 10 MeV CRM cyclotron (CYCIAE-CRM) at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) in 2010. Whereafter, CIAE built a series of 14 MeV high intensity external ion source cyclotrons for medical isotope application and its relevant research. Compared with research cyclotron facility, cyclotron for industrialization application requires higher level of safety, usability and stability. Therefore, mechanical and electrical system integration and optimum are applied in the cyclotron design and commissioning. Electrical devices of cyclotron, including power supply, RF amplifier and PLC controller, are integrated into four standard industrial shielding cabinets with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design to improve electromagnetic interference and operation stability. Besides, earthing system is rearranged in regular laboratory maintenance period to minimize electromagnetic coupling of different signal systems. Based on the previous compact system integration, communication system is integrated into each electrical device as well and could be operated in local and remote mode for the convenience of commissioning. Industrial Ethernet standard PROFINET is adopted as communication protocol to improve the efficiency of protocol interaction towards millisecond level. Regarding RF system, start-up sequence of LLRF is optimized to increase uptime and reliability. The commissioning is also presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO010
About •	Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 31 December 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 30 October 2023
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WEPO011	Upgrading the Beam Diagnostic of the HZB-Cyclotron from an Analogue to a new Digital Platform	cyclotron, FPGA, interface, EPICS	228
	J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, A. Dittwald, T. Fanselow, G. Kourkafas HZB, Berlin, Germany
	The HZB-Cyclotron delivers since a long time reliable beam for experiments and Proton Therapy. Now the old analogue beam diagnostic is outdated and hard to maintain. We developed a digital replacement for the multiplexers for 30 Faraday cups and 12 beam profile monitors. Both use as hardware platform a single-board-controller with FPGA-technology with integrated analogue and digital signals in a client-server architecture. Here we present the new features after more than one year of operation.
	Poster WEPO011 [1.061 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO011
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 26 March 2023
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WEPO012	Upgrade of Beam Diagnostic Systems at JULIC Cyclotron	cyclotron, diagnostics, operation, experiment	231
	Y. Valdau, O. Felden, R. Gebel, U.G. Giesen, R.L. Lohoff, H. Soltner FZJ, Jülich, Germany N.-O. Fröhlich DESY, Hamburg, Germany P.J. Niedermayer GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The cyclotron JULIC is used as injector for the COSY storage ring since almost 30 years. Beams of polarized and unpolarised H⁻ and D- ions are routinely accelerated using cyclotron HF system up to 45 and 55 MeV, respectively. Meanwhile, low energy beams from JULIC become more frequently used by the experimentalists, especially at the new low energy beam line, which connects cyclotron with the large Big Karl experimental hall. To meet the requirements of the cyclotron users a diagnostic system upgrade program has been started at the JULIC cyclotron. All destructive beam diagnostic systems (Faraday Cups) have been equipped with a new produced by CAEN TetrAMM based beam diagnostic systems. All TetrAMM devices are implemented into the common COSY Control System with EPICS readout and archiving environment. The cyclotron NMR field control system has been upgraded using the newest sensor from Metrolab (PT2026), which allows operation in complete field range of the JULIC cyclotron, without changing the sensor. A new Lock In-Amplifier based Data Acquisition System has been used for nondestructive beam intensity and position diagnostic at the Big Karl beam line. First tests have demonstrated possibility to measure current and position of the 10 nA DC beam using this technique. Since relatively long time cyclotron users were occasionally disturbed by unwanted 33 Hz noise at the output of the cyclotron. Using non-contact laser vibration measurements system OMETRON S16, vibrations in this frequency range were detected on the internal elements of the HF-System. The source of these vibrations, located in the cyclotron bunker, have been identified and removed. In this contribution, the status of the JULIC cyclotron diagnostic system upgrade project will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO012
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 18 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 April 2023
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THBO05	Commissioning of a 70 MeV Proton Cyclotron System of IBS, Korea	cyclotron, ISOL, MMI, site	282
	J.-W. Kim, Y.H. Yeon IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	A 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron system was installed at the Shindong campus of Institute for Basic Science from Nov. 2021. Installation was guided by precision survey so as to locate main components to their final positions. Electrical cables and utility lines were then connected and validation was followed for the control and safety systems. Internal beams were accelerated in May and utilized to isochronize the magnetic field by Smith-Garren method involving a series of magnetic shimming. A beam of 70 MeV was firstly extracted in July and two beam lines were commissioned for the beam energies of 40-70 MeV. Site acceptance tests were carried out with a temporary beam line installed to measure beam profiles at the location of ISOL target, Finally, a maximum beam power of 50 kW was successfully tested for six hours.
	Slides THBO05 [8.492 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBO05
About •	Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 25 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2023
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THPO005	JULIC - Driver Accelerator for HBS	neutron, experiment, cyclotron, target	303
	O. Felden, V. Kamerdzhiev FZJ, Jülich, Germany R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, Y. Valdau GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the energy variable cyclotron JULIC is used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and for low to medium current irradiations of different types. At the NESP-Target station a Target-Moderator-Reflector (TMR) -demonstrator of the proposed accelerator driven High Brilliance Neutron source (HBS) was set up with the Jülich Center of Neutron Science (JCNS). Beside showing the functionality of the TMR-Design the demonstrator gives the possibility to test new target materials, different types and concepts of moderators and at least the handling of irradiated targets and components. The TMR- target station is installed inside an Experimental area offering space for complex detector and component setups for nuclear and neutron related experiments like ToF-experiments or neutron imaging e.g. But it is used for other purposes like irradiation and electronic or detector tests as well. Additionally to the TMR, the extraction beamline from JULIC to the TMR was set up and equipped with a fast kicker and a 3-field permanent magnet, as foreseen in in HBS to deliver the beam to different target stations within a sophisticated pulsing scheme, synchronized with the beam pulsing done at JULIC, using fast deflection plates. This report briefly summarizes the history of JULIC and the activities for its future perspectives.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO005
About •	Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 18 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 February 2023
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THPO006	Design and Implementation of Robot Adapter in Therapy Control System	proton, status, interface, monitoring	307
	S.M. Jiang, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Q. Ran Konica Minolta Zaiqi Medical Products (Shanghai) Co., LTD., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
	The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) in Beijing has designed and established a proton therapy facility based on a superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230, which can provide proton beams with energy from 70 MeV to 230 MeV for cancer treatment. As the most critical and core part of the proton therapy system, therapy control system (TCS) consists of various components, each of which has corresponding processing services. Motion control of external hardware systems is one of the essential parts of TCS development, and adapters figure prominently in the interaction between services and these external hardware systems. One of the adapters, called robot adapter, is specially developed for the external robotic couch system, which is a vital equipment that directly contacts patients in the whole process of proton therapy. This adapter serves as the connection between TCS and robotic couch for communication and corresponding movement. In this paper, we introduced the communication protocols, design, and characteristics of robot adapter as well as the actual test contents and results with the robotic couch. The test results indicated that the robot adapter can satisfy the needs of couch motion control and status monitoring.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO006
About •	Received ※ 04 January 2023 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 22 March 2023
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THPO007	Direct Sampling Digital Low-Level RF Control for CIAE BNCT Cyclotron	LLRF, cyclotron, beam-loading, cavity	311
	X. Mu, J.Y. Wei, Z.G. Yin CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China X.L. Fu TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	Boron Neutron Capture Therapy "BNCT" can be delivered using a high current cyclotron, resulting more compact and environmentally friendly design, yet the difficulties remain in the cyclotron part, particularly in RF systems. The high beam loading challenges the stability of the amplifiers, as well as the control loops. Especially in our case, the wall loss of each cavity is more than the beam-loading power of the CIAE BNCT cyclotron. To address the heavy beam loading coefficient, a higher-performance ADRC control algorithm is evaluated, together with the regular PID control. In the meantime, a direct sampling/synthesizing digital low-level RF control hardware design is put forward to have more flexibility in control implementation. Since this new design adopts Xilinx SOC as the main controller, it is convenient to combine real-time control algorithm with high-level control through Advanced Extensible Interface. In this LLRF design, the amplitude and phase control using PID control is implemented in the PS end, and the tuning control is taking advantage of the ADRC algorithm in the PL end. Using a symmetrical design, together with the buncher control, in total, regulation of three loops are achieved using two control boards. The software/hardware design as well as the commission result will be reported in this paper.
	Poster THPO007 [2.567 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO007
About •	Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 21 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO011	Effect of 90 MeV Proton Irradiation on Spleen Injury in C57BL/6J Mice	radiation, proton, experiment, cyclotron	324
	Q.J. Wang, Y.H. Gong, J.C. Liu, Q. Liu, L. Sui, Y. Wang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project (No.WDJC-2019-11) Proton therapy has become one of the most important physiotherapies for tumors in the world, which can greatly improve the cure rate of tumors that are ineffective by conventional treatments. In addition, proton is also the main source of radiation in space environment. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to use accelerators to carry out basic research on proton radiotherapy and space radiobiology, which can provide technical support and basic data for the optimal design of proton therapy and risk assessment of personnel in space environment. In this study, C57 mice were irradiated with 0, 0.2, 0.5 and 2 Gy by 90 MeV protons from 100 MeV cyclotron of China Institute of Atomic Energy. The mice were killed one day after irradiation. Body weight change and spleen organ coefficient were calculated. The expression of DNA damage-related protein γ H2AX was detected by western blotting. The results showed that compared with the control group, the body weight of mice in each irradiation group had no significant change, and the spleen organ coefficient decreased, indicating that the spleen atrophied after proton radiation, especially in 2 Gy. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of γ H2AX in spleen increased significantly on the 1 day after irradiation, especially in 0.5 and 2 Gy, indicating that the spleen DNA damage was the serious on the 1 day after proton radiation.
	Poster THPO011 [0.625 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO011
About •	Received ※ 10 February 2023 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO013	Magnet Design of a Compact 16 MeV Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production	cyclotron, extraction, MMI, focusing	330
	S. Xu HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, Z. Wu, J. Zhou ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China W. Wang Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
	A compact isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, is under research and development at Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM).This cyclotron can accelerate negative hydrogen ion to variable energy in the range of 10~16 MeV for the stable production of widely-used medical isotopes in this energy range. It has a maximal diameter of only 1.8 m and adopts three radial-sector poles with the third harmonic acceleration. The design of magnet system and the analysis of final simulated static magnetic field were described in detail in this paper. Meanwhile, two suitable shimming methods were also proposed for later engineering optimization
	Poster THPO013 [1.629 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO013
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023
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THPO014	The Beam Dynamics Simulation of a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production	extraction, cyclotron, simulation, target	334
	W. Wang Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, J. Zhou ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China S. Xu HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	The isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, has been de-signed by Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM) for widely used isotope production, which can extract proton with variable energy in range of 10~16 MeV. In this cyclotron, negative hydro-gen ion will be accelerated to 10~16 MeV, and then stripped out two electrons to become proton to be extracted. We have performed beam tracking starting from the ion source to the extraction reference point, and optimized the position of the stripping target to make the beam of different energies converge at radius of 110 cm. The orbit centralization is optimized by the design of first harmonic, and the axial size of extraction beam is also optimized. All the results of beam dynamics simulations will be presented.
	Poster THPO014 [0.731 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO014
About •	Received ※ 16 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 February 2023
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FRAI01	Developments and Prospects of FFAs at RAL	lattice, dynamic-aperture, resonance, operation	351
	S. Machida STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerator (FFA) has several advantages as a proton driver for high beam power applications. In particular, control of pulse structure can ben easily done by RF gymnastics. FFA is a sustainable (energy efficient) accelerator with the main magnets with DC operation. We will discuss the development of a FFA physics design for the ISIS (spallation neutron source) and its prototype.
	Slides FRAI01 [12.227 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRAI01
About •	Received ※ 09 December 2022 — Revised ※ 08 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 March 2023 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2023
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPO001

A Real-Time Controller for Rapid Energy Degrading of the CYCIAE-230 Cyclotron Beam Production System

real-time, proton, software, hardware

47

Q.Q. Song, H.R. Cai, Q.K. Guo, A.L. He, T.Y. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The energy selection system (ESS) plays an important role in a proton therapy system. Usually, it consists of an energy degrader, a set of achromatic bending magnets, an envelope collimator, and a momentum-selecting slit. In CIAE, a dedicated beam transportation line, including these essential elements, for the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron has been designed and manufactured for study purposes. To reduce the layer switching time, e.g. typically within 50 milliseconds, this ESS system takes advantage of VME-based real-time controller design. On one side, this controller uses S-curve to direct drive the step motors of various actuators, this is done by an off-the-shelf embedded controller. On the other hand, it uses Data Distribution Service (DDS) communication protocol to tap into the nozzle control system network directly. In such a manner, the energy requirement can be efficiently handled and the controller is also responsible for the current regulation of the 46 magnets. The design of this high-efficiency controller will be reported in this paper, both from hardware and software aspects. Preliminary test results will also be evaluated and analyzed to direct further improvement of the system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO001

About •

Received ※ 20 October 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2023

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MOPO004

Beam Dump Development for High Power Proton and Electron Beam

electron, proton, target, cavity

54

J.Y. Liu, H.R. Cai, M.Z. Hu, G.F. Pan, S. Pei, G.F. Song, L. Wang, Y. Wang, S.M. Wei, Z.G. Yin, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The high-intensity 100 MeV proton cyclotron CYCIAE-100 had provided 52 kW beam to the beam dump in 2018, is planning to upgrade at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). It is designed to provide a 75~100 MeV, 1 mA proton beam. So, a new beam dump for higher beam power have been developed since 2020. At the same time, a 1:4 scale, RF cavity with Q value up to 42000, is constructed for the engineering feasibility verification of a 2 GeV/6 MW CW FFAG, which is also being considered as a main accelerating cavity of a 100 kW electron accelerator. The electron beam will be rotated and accelerated 7 times by the gradient dipoles and the high Q cavity. The beam dump is designed to also use for the 100kW electron beam. With the same-level beam power of the two accelerators above the content, a beam dump for absorbing two kinds of particle beams according to the characteristics of the modification was designed. The energy deposition of 100MeV proton beam and 5MeV electron beam in the beam dump was investigated by the Monte-Carlo simulation program FLUKA. The beam dump cooling structure was optimizing by ICEM-CFD and fluent, so that the beam dump temperature was controlled less than 100°C, and the maximum temperature on the beam dump is less than 450°C. The beam dump is designed as a cube (450*200*200, unit:mm) with two 2.5°V-type copper pentagon and two flat parts. All the details about the simulation of energy deposition, thermal distribution and structure design will be presented in the paper.

Poster MOPO004 [3.428 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO004

About •

Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2023

Cite •

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MOPO008

PLC Based Vacuum Control and Interlock System of the CYCIAE-230 Superconducting Cyclotron Beam Line

vacuum, PLC, cyclotron, interface

70

M.Z. Hu, H.R. Cai, A.L. He, S.M. Jiang, T.Y. Jiang, J.Y. Liu, P. Liu, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, F.D. Yang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

In the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron beam line, a vacuum system capable of providing a pressure of about 5·10^-4 Pa is required for particle beam transport. In order to provide adequate interlocking to safeguard the vacuum environment and ensure the regular transmission of particles within the beam line, a vacuum control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) has been developed and integrated into the accelerator monitoring system. The PLC not only interfaces with the quick-acting relay based on interlocking signals but also interfaces with the equipment based on Profibus communication to monitor and control various parameters in the vacuum system, such as pump speed, vacuum pressure reading, valve status, water cooling status, etc. This work presents the structure and interface logic necessary for communication with a series of valves, vacuum gauges, and molecular pump controllers. Also presented is an interface approach between vacuum control and the rest of the accelerator control system.

Poster MOPO008 [3.051 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO008

About •

Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 26 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 April 2023

Cite •

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MOPO011

Design and Operation of the New Fast Beam Chopper between Tandetron and Cyclotron

electron, power-supply, electronics, vacuum

76

T. Fanselow, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, A. Dittwald, U. Hiller
HZB, Berlin, Germany

In collaboration with Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, patients with ocular melanomas are treated with protons at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. Accompanying research includes beam delivery for Flash irradiation, thus it became necessary to set up a fast and reliable beam chopper. The new beam chopper can deliver much shorter pulses than needed for Flash irradiation, minimum pulse widths down to 70ns at 1kV amplitude can be delivered. A short description of the design and installation process, which occurred in 2020, and the experiences of the first 2 years of operation with the new fast beam chopper system is presented.

Poster MOPO011 [3.738 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO011

About •

Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2023

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MOPO013

Experimental Study of Beam Energy Control at the TIARA AVF Cyclotron

cyclotron, experiment, target, extraction

83

N. Miyawaki, N.S. Ishioka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, S. Watanabe
QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
M. Fukuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

The TIARA AVF cyclotron provides a He beam for production of At-211 as one of many beam applications. The production rate of At-211 increases with the energy of the He beam, but contamination of Po-210 produced by radioactive decay of At-210, which is generated by the energy of above 29 MeV, must be prevented for medical applications. Therefore, the energy of the He beam must be precisely measured and controlled. A time-of-flight beam energy monitor in the straight beamline from the cyclotron was installed to measure the beam energy in real time. The beam energy was arbitrarily controlled within a range of about 1% by adjusting the cyclotron magnetic field and accelerating voltage, which are the possible causes of the beam energy change. Using this control, we investigated the rate of formation of At-211 and At-210 as the beam energy was varied. As a result, we confirmed the energy generating At-210 and both production rates increased with the energy of the He beam.

Poster MOPO013 [1.010 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO013

About •

Received ※ 27 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 March 2023

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MOPO015

TRIUMF LLRF Control System Upgrade

LLRF, hardware, cavity, Linux

91

X.L. Fu, T. Au, K. Fong, Q. Zheng
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The LLRF system for Transfer line from Drift Tube LINAC(DTL) to Superconducting Linac (SCB) (DSB) was an analog-digital hybrid system running at 35.36MHz. The system controls the amplitude/phase and tuning for a buncher cavity on the beamline. During the 2022 October shutdown, the system is upgraded to a new fully-digital LLRF system. The new digital LLRF system is based on TRIUMF’s universal LLRF hardware with a new firmware. Instead of using a VXI crate, the new system adopts a NIM bin and uses USB communication with the local control PC. The amplitude/phase regulation is implemented in the FPGA firmware, and the tuning loop is implemented in the PC software, but driven by the FPGA. The Debian 11 linux OS is running on ARM CPU, and the new digital LLRF system works as a standard window HID device. The linux OS allows the firmware be updated in-situ using Ethernet communication. The detailed design is described in this paper.

Poster MOPO015 [6.084 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO015

About •

Received ※ 02 December 2022 — Revised ※ 11 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 February 2023

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MOPO016

Control of Cyclotron Vertical Deflector for Proton Therapy

cyclotron, proton, FPGA, high-voltage

95

F.D. Yang, T.Y. Jiang, X. Mu, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
X.L. Fu
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has designed a superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230 to enhance the domestic development of proton therapy. A research program on the beamline and experimental stations for the proton therapy and the space science was launched by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). The modern therapy methodology often requires rapid beam modulation on both the beam energy and the intensity. In this scenario, a vertical deflector is designed and installed in the cyclotron’s central region. Applying a high-voltage electric field between the two plates can quickly adjust the intensity of the low-energy beam. Nevertheless, the voltage applied is nonlinear to the beam intensity. According to this requirement, a homemade controller for the vertical deflector is designed. Since the beam loss caused by the energy degrader is also nonlinear, this controller can compensate for the beam loss caused by energy modulation. To realize real-time control, the controller combines Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Digital Signal Process (DSP) as its control scheme design. Carried out by the DSP by interpolating the lookup table data, a feed-forward regulation is also designed to take care of the nonlinear compensation for the beam loss on the energy degrader. In the meantime, an ionized chamber provides feedback readings of the intensity just before the nozzle. A PID algorithm is also included by using FPGA, to archive the feedback control of the vertical deflector.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO016

About •

Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 May 2023

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MOPO017

RF Cavity Resonant Control Using Mimimal Seeking Sliding Mode Controller

cavity, ISAC, DTL, ECR

99

K. Fong, T. Au, X.L. Fu, R. Leewe, Q. Zheng
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Accelerating RF normal conducting cavities having Quality Factors of over 10³. These cavities must be constantly tuned to maintain resonance for maximum power efficiency. Traditional tuning method uses ’phase comparison method’ by monitoring the phase shift across the input and output of the cavity. This method suffers from phase drift due to diurnal temperature variations. Since 2017, TRIUMF ISAC-1 cavities are tuned using minimal seeking sliding mode controllers, which eliminate effects drift due to temperature changes. As with all extremum seeking algorithm, chattering is invariable present in the system, especially near the end-stage. This paper also includes a new chattering suppression method known as ’skipping surface’, which is slated to be installed in ISAC-1 LLRF upgrade in 2023.

Poster MOPO017 [0.969 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO017

About •

Received ※ 26 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 25 May 2023

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MOPO019

Optimization of Rapid Magnetic Field Control of the CYCIAE-230 Cyclotron Beamline Magnets

proton, experiment, cyclotron, power-supply

106

A.L. He, H.R. Cai, Q.K. Guo, P. Huang, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang, B.H. Zhao
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The magnetic field precise and rapid control of the beamline magnets is essential to the Energy Selection System (ESS) for the proton therapy facility. During the scanning of proton beam for therapy, the field of each beamline magnet should be precisely controlled within the set time, layer upon layer. The position of beam spot to the nozzle should undoubtedly be stable and unchanged during the process. In practice, however, due to the wide energy range of proton therapy (70 MeV-230 MeV), the dynamic response of the beamline magnets usually shows nonlinear performances at a different energy, e.g., the magnetic field may cause a significant overshoot for some specific beam energy if one ignores the nonlinear effect. More challenge is that the magnetic field drops too slowly between the energy steps, which compromises the overall performance of rapid intensity modulated scanning therapy. A dynamic PID parameter optimization method is reported in this paper to address this issue. According to the transfer function of each magnet, the entire energy range is divided into several steps. Then, the experiments are carried out to find the most suitable PID parameters for each energy step. Finally, the "beam energy - excitation current-PID parameters" lookup table (LUT) is generated and stored in the beamline control system BCS for automation. During the treatment, using the LUT allows the energy setting for beamline magnets to be adjusted automatically with the most appropriate PID parameter, guaranteeing the overall performance of rapid scanning therapy. The experimental results show the overall response time of all the beamline magnets reduced from several hundred milliseconds to less than 65 ms, which meets the design requirement of less than 80ms.

Poster MOPO019 [0.364 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO019

About •

Received ※ 06 January 2023 — Revised ※ 30 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 February 2023

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TUBO04

Evaluation of PLC-Based EtherNet/IP Communication for Upgrade of Electromagnet Power Supply Control at RIBF

Ethernet, EPICS, power-supply, network

134

A. Uchiyama, N. Fukunishi, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

In the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF), a front-end controller consisting of a computer automated measurement and control (CAMAC)-based system and I/O devices are utilized for the power supplies of many electromagnets upstream from the RIKEN RING Cyclotron. The CPU installed in the system is an x86-based CAMAC crate controller known as "CC/NET". An experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) input/output controller (IOC) running embedded Linux is used to remotely control the electromagnet power sup-plies. However, these CAMAC-based systems are outdated and require replacement. The FA-M3 programmable logic controller (PLC) is an alternative candidate device that can be incorporated into the magnet power supply. However, a high-reliability network between the EPICS IOC and the device is required compared to a conventional socket connection via Ethernet. Therefore, we evaluated a system that uses EtherNet/IP to communicate between these devices and the EPICS IOC. The Ether-Net/IP system is based on the TCP/IP protocol, which is widely used for field bus communications via Ethernet. An advantage of using EtherNet/IP is that it enables cost-effective reliable communication despite the use of TCP/IP. It is possible to improve the reliability of the interlock output even when using conventional TCP/IP-based network.

Slides TUBO04 [6.339 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO04

About •

Received ※ 28 December 2022 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 May 2023

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WEBO01

Bench to Bedside: Translational Nuclear Medicine Research and Clinical Theranostics in PUMCH

target, HOM, data-analysis, ECR

179

L.H. Huo
PUMCH, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

PUMCH was founded In 1921. In 1958, PUMCH established the first nuclear medicine department in the country which eventually became the most comprehensive unit of nuclear medicine in China. The department has topped the ranking in "China’s Hospital Rankings" for consecutively 7 years and has done great efforts in translational research of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. By now, over 10 isotopes and 100 radiopharmaceuticals are employed to support routine clinical work and more than 50 research projects as well, involving theranostic and preclinical exploration. These research achievements were highly glorified in the top international conferences and journals. The department not only keeps up with the advanced medical technologies in the world but also indulges in promoting novel technology applications in domestic hospitals. After a 60 years journey, the department of nuclear medicine in PUMCH with her superior capability will continuously lead nuclear medicine exploration and development in China. The department will begin another new and prosperous journey in the new era.

Slides WEBO01 [17.823 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO01

About •

Received ※ 22 May 2023 — Revised ※ 04 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 06 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 July 2023

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WEPO009

Status Report and Future Plan for Molecular Imaging Center (I-One) Facility

cyclotron, target, radiation, GUI

223

M. Alredhi, R.N. Alsaif, M.A. Balkheir, S.Y. Farhood, S.S. Lingawi, M.A. Sharaf
King Abdul-Aziz University, I-one, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
S.M. Miliebari
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: Wadi Jeddah- King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia
The radio-pharmaceuticals production and imaging facility known as I-One at King Abdul-Aziz University in the western region of Saudi Arabia started first production in 2018. We will discuss the facility features, taking in consideration the existence in the university, where some basic research and training in different aspects of cyclotron operation and radio-pharmaceuticals production.

Poster WEPO009 [0.277 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO009

About •

Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 31 December 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 March 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 August 2023

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WEPO010

High Intensity Cyclotron System Integration and Commissioning for Industrialization Application

cyclotron, power-supply, operation, MMI

225

P.Z. Li, H.R. Cai, S.G. Hou, X.L. Jia, G.F. Pan, G.F. Song, J.F. Wang, G. Yang, H. Zhang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Up to 430 µA beam intensity was obtained in 10 MeV CRM cyclotron (CYCIAE-CRM) at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) in 2010. Whereafter, CIAE built a series of 14 MeV high intensity external ion source cyclotrons for medical isotope application and its relevant research. Compared with research cyclotron facility, cyclotron for industrialization application requires higher level of safety, usability and stability. Therefore, mechanical and electrical system integration and optimum are applied in the cyclotron design and commissioning. Electrical devices of cyclotron, including power supply, RF amplifier and PLC controller, are integrated into four standard industrial shielding cabinets with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design to improve electromagnetic interference and operation stability. Besides, earthing system is rearranged in regular laboratory maintenance period to minimize electromagnetic coupling of different signal systems. Based on the previous compact system integration, communication system is integrated into each electrical device as well and could be operated in local and remote mode for the convenience of commissioning. Industrial Ethernet standard PROFINET is adopted as communication protocol to improve the efficiency of protocol interaction towards millisecond level. Regarding RF system, start-up sequence of LLRF is optimized to increase uptime and reliability. The commissioning is also presented in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO010

About •

Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 31 December 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 30 October 2023

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WEPO011

Upgrading the Beam Diagnostic of the HZB-Cyclotron from an Analogue to a new Digital Platform

cyclotron, FPGA, interface, EPICS

228

J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, A. Dittwald, T. Fanselow, G. Kourkafas
HZB, Berlin, Germany

The HZB-Cyclotron delivers since a long time reliable beam for experiments and Proton Therapy. Now the old analogue beam diagnostic is outdated and hard to maintain. We developed a digital replacement for the multiplexers for 30 Faraday cups and 12 beam profile monitors. Both use as hardware platform a single-board-controller with FPGA-technology with integrated analogue and digital signals in a client-server architecture. Here we present the new features after more than one year of operation.

Poster WEPO011 [1.061 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO011

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Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 26 March 2023

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WEPO012

Upgrade of Beam Diagnostic Systems at JULIC Cyclotron

cyclotron, diagnostics, operation, experiment

231

Y. Valdau, O. Felden, R. Gebel, U.G. Giesen, R.L. Lohoff, H. Soltner
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
N.-O. Fröhlich
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
P.J. Niedermayer
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The cyclotron JULIC is used as injector for the COSY storage ring since almost 30 years. Beams of polarized and unpolarised H⁻ and D- ions are routinely accelerated using cyclotron HF system up to 45 and 55 MeV, respectively. Meanwhile, low energy beams from JULIC become more frequently used by the experimentalists, especially at the new low energy beam line, which connects cyclotron with the large Big Karl experimental hall. To meet the requirements of the cyclotron users a diagnostic system upgrade program has been started at the JULIC cyclotron. All destructive beam diagnostic systems (Faraday Cups) have been equipped with a new produced by CAEN TetrAMM based beam diagnostic systems. All TetrAMM devices are implemented into the common COSY Control System with EPICS readout and archiving environment. The cyclotron NMR field control system has been upgraded using the newest sensor from Metrolab (PT2026), which allows operation in complete field range of the JULIC cyclotron, without changing the sensor. A new Lock In-Amplifier based Data Acquisition System has been used for nondestructive beam intensity and position diagnostic at the Big Karl beam line. First tests have demonstrated possibility to measure current and position of the 10 nA DC beam using this technique. Since relatively long time cyclotron users were occasionally disturbed by unwanted 33 Hz noise at the output of the cyclotron. Using non-contact laser vibration measurements system OMETRON S16, vibrations in this frequency range were detected on the internal elements of the HF-System. The source of these vibrations, located in the cyclotron bunker, have been identified and removed. In this contribution, the status of the JULIC cyclotron diagnostic system upgrade project will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO012

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Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 18 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 April 2023

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THBO05

Commissioning of a 70 MeV Proton Cyclotron System of IBS, Korea

cyclotron, ISOL, MMI, site

282

J.-W. Kim, Y.H. Yeon
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

A 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron system was installed at the Shindong campus of Institute for Basic Science from Nov. 2021. Installation was guided by precision survey so as to locate main components to their final positions. Electrical cables and utility lines were then connected and validation was followed for the control and safety systems. Internal beams were accelerated in May and utilized to isochronize the magnetic field by Smith-Garren method involving a series of magnetic shimming. A beam of 70 MeV was firstly extracted in July and two beam lines were commissioned for the beam energies of 40-70 MeV. Site acceptance tests were carried out with a temporary beam line installed to measure beam profiles at the location of ISOL target, Finally, a maximum beam power of 50 kW was successfully tested for six hours.

Slides THBO05 [8.492 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBO05

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Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 25 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2023

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THPO005

JULIC - Driver Accelerator for HBS

neutron, experiment, cyclotron, target

303

O. Felden, V. Kamerdzhiev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, Y. Valdau
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the energy variable cyclotron JULIC is used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and for low to medium current irradiations of different types. At the NESP-Target station a Target-Moderator-Reflector (TMR) -demonstrator of the proposed accelerator driven High Brilliance Neutron source (HBS) was set up with the Jülich Center of Neutron Science (JCNS). Beside showing the functionality of the TMR-Design the demonstrator gives the possibility to test new target materials, different types and concepts of moderators and at least the handling of irradiated targets and components. The TMR- target station is installed inside an Experimental area offering space for complex detector and component setups for nuclear and neutron related experiments like ToF-experiments or neutron imaging e.g. But it is used for other purposes like irradiation and electronic or detector tests as well. Additionally to the TMR, the extraction beamline from JULIC to the TMR was set up and equipped with a fast kicker and a 3-field permanent magnet, as foreseen in in HBS to deliver the beam to different target stations within a sophisticated pulsing scheme, synchronized with the beam pulsing done at JULIC, using fast deflection plates. This report briefly summarizes the history of JULIC and the activities for its future perspectives.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO005

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Received ※ 07 December 2022 — Revised ※ 18 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 February 2023

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THPO006

Design and Implementation of Robot Adapter in Therapy Control System

proton, status, interface, monitoring

307

S.M. Jiang, Q.Q. Song, Y. Wang, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Q. Ran
Konica Minolta Zaiqi Medical Products (Shanghai) Co., LTD., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) in Beijing has designed and established a proton therapy facility based on a superconducting cyclotron CYCIAE-230, which can provide proton beams with energy from 70 MeV to 230 MeV for cancer treatment. As the most critical and core part of the proton therapy system, therapy control system (TCS) consists of various components, each of which has corresponding processing services. Motion control of external hardware systems is one of the essential parts of TCS development, and adapters figure prominently in the interaction between services and these external hardware systems. One of the adapters, called robot adapter, is specially developed for the external robotic couch system, which is a vital equipment that directly contacts patients in the whole process of proton therapy. This adapter serves as the connection between TCS and robotic couch for communication and corresponding movement. In this paper, we introduced the communication protocols, design, and characteristics of robot adapter as well as the actual test contents and results with the robotic couch. The test results indicated that the robot adapter can satisfy the needs of couch motion control and status monitoring.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO006

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Received ※ 04 January 2023 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 22 March 2023

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THPO007

Direct Sampling Digital Low-Level RF Control for CIAE BNCT Cyclotron

LLRF, cyclotron, beam-loading, cavity

311

X. Mu, J.Y. Wei, Z.G. Yin
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
X.L. Fu
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy "BNCT" can be delivered using a high current cyclotron, resulting more compact and environmentally friendly design, yet the difficulties remain in the cyclotron part, particularly in RF systems. The high beam loading challenges the stability of the amplifiers, as well as the control loops. Especially in our case, the wall loss of each cavity is more than the beam-loading power of the CIAE BNCT cyclotron. To address the heavy beam loading coefficient, a higher-performance ADRC control algorithm is evaluated, together with the regular PID control. In the meantime, a direct sampling/synthesizing digital low-level RF control hardware design is put forward to have more flexibility in control implementation. Since this new design adopts Xilinx SOC as the main controller, it is convenient to combine real-time control algorithm with high-level control through Advanced Extensible Interface. In this LLRF design, the amplitude and phase control using PID control is implemented in the PS end, and the tuning control is taking advantage of the ADRC algorithm in the PL end. Using a symmetrical design, together with the buncher control, in total, regulation of three loops are achieved using two control boards. The software/hardware design as well as the commission result will be reported in this paper.

Poster THPO007 [2.567 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO007

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Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 21 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 April 2023

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THPO011

Effect of 90 MeV Proton Irradiation on Spleen Injury in C57BL/6J Mice

radiation, proton, experiment, cyclotron

324

Q.J. Wang, Y.H. Gong, J.C. Liu, Q. Liu, L. Sui, Y. Wang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project (No.WDJC-2019-11)
Proton therapy has become one of the most important physiotherapies for tumors in the world, which can greatly improve the cure rate of tumors that are ineffective by conventional treatments. In addition, proton is also the main source of radiation in space environment. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to use accelerators to carry out basic research on proton radiotherapy and space radiobiology, which can provide technical support and basic data for the optimal design of proton therapy and risk assessment of personnel in space environment. In this study, C57 mice were irradiated with 0, 0.2, 0.5 and 2 Gy by 90 MeV protons from 100 MeV cyclotron of China Institute of Atomic Energy. The mice were killed one day after irradiation. Body weight change and spleen organ coefficient were calculated. The expression of DNA damage-related protein γ H2AX was detected by western blotting. The results showed that compared with the control group, the body weight of mice in each irradiation group had no significant change, and the spleen organ coefficient decreased, indicating that the spleen atrophied after proton radiation, especially in 2 Gy. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of γ H2AX in spleen increased significantly on the 1 day after irradiation, especially in 0.5 and 2 Gy, indicating that the spleen DNA damage was the serious on the 1 day after proton radiation.

Poster THPO011 [0.625 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO011

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Received ※ 10 February 2023 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2023

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THPO013

Magnet Design of a Compact 16 MeV Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production

cyclotron, extraction, MMI, focusing

330

S. Xu
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, Z. Wu, J. Zhou
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
W. Wang
Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China

A compact isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, is under research and development at Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM).This cyclotron can accelerate negative hydrogen ion to variable energy in the range of 10~16 MeV for the stable production of widely-used medical isotopes in this energy range. It has a maximal diameter of only 1.8 m and adopts three radial-sector poles with the third harmonic acceleration. The design of magnet system and the analysis of final simulated static magnetic field were described in detail in this paper. Meanwhile, two suitable shimming methods were also proposed for later engineering optimization

Poster THPO013 [1.629 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO013

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Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023

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THPO014

The Beam Dynamics Simulation of a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production

extraction, cyclotron, simulation, target

334

W. Wang
Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, J. Zhou
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
S. Xu
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

The isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, has been de-signed by Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM) for widely used isotope production, which can extract proton with variable energy in range of 10~16 MeV. In this cyclotron, negative hydro-gen ion will be accelerated to 10~16 MeV, and then stripped out two electrons to become proton to be extracted. We have performed beam tracking starting from the ion source to the extraction reference point, and optimized the position of the stripping target to make the beam of different energies converge at radius of 110 cm. The orbit centralization is optimized by the design of first harmonic, and the axial size of extraction beam is also optimized. All the results of beam dynamics simulations will be presented.

Poster THPO014 [0.731 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO014

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Received ※ 16 January 2023 — Revised ※ 27 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 February 2023

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FRAI01

Developments and Prospects of FFAs at RAL

lattice, dynamic-aperture, resonance, operation

351

S. Machida
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerator (FFA) has several advantages as a proton driver for high beam power applications. In particular, control of pulse structure can ben easily done by RF gymnastics. FFA is a sustainable (energy efficient) accelerator with the main magnets with DC operation. We will discuss the development of a FFA physics design for the ISIS (spallation neutron source) and its prototype.

Slides FRAI01 [12.227 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRAI01

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Received ※ 09 December 2022 — Revised ※ 08 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 March 2023 — Issue date ※ 16 May 2023

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