CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (detector)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUBO01	Measurement of Detector Response Functions for Fast Neutron Spectroscopy with Organic Scintillators	neutron, target, proton, radiation	121
	T. Hutton, A. Buffler, E. Jarvie, K. Maibane, N.B. Ndabeni UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa
	Spectrum unfolding decouples spectroscopic measurements of neutron fields from accelerator facilities by making use of a well-characterised detector response matrix. Measurements of detector response matrices, derived from time-of-flight, were made at the fast neutron facility at iThemba LABS, South Africa, with neutrons with energies between 10 - 65 MeV for: a traditional BC-501A organic liquid scintillator detector with photomultiplier tube and analogue pulse processing and acquisition; and a modern system comprised of an EJ-276 plastic scintillator, silicon photomultiplier and digital pulse processing and acquisition. The detector response matrices were validated by unfolding neutron energy spectra from measured light output spectra, and compared to the associated energy spectra derived from time-of-flight. Both detector systems demonstrated good agreement between the energy spectra derived from time-of-flight, which is promising for fast neutron spectroscopy with organic scintillators in environments outside of the laboratory.
	Slides TUBO01 [5.487 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO01
About •	Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 March 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO05	Investigation of Long Radial Probe Activation in the PSI Main Ring Cyclotron	proton, simulation, cyclotron, radiation	163
	M.I. Besana, E. Hohmann, M. Sapinski, J. Snuverink, D. Werthmüller PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	During an inspection of a new Long Radial Probe, inserted into the Ring cyclotron only a month earlier, an activation hot spot has been identified. The nature of this hot spot has been investigated by performing measurements of the residual activation using shielded Al₂O₃:C dosimeters, 5 mm in diameter, and a portable gamma spectrometer. Monte Carlo simulations of the probe activation with various proton energies have been performed. Results show that most of the activation comes from relatively fast decaying radionuclides and therefore the residual dose drops sufficiently during the shutdown to allow for maintenance and upgrade works. Comparing the abundances of various radionuclides estimated from measured gamma spectra with simulations at various proton energies we conclude that the most probable loss mechanism is scattering of the protons on the upstream collimator.
	Slides WEAO05 [2.625 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO05
About •	Received ※ 21 December 2022 — Revised ※ 10 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEBO06	Accelerator and Detector Developments for the Production of Theranostic Radioisotopes with Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron	target, cyclotron, radiation, proton	196
	S. Braccini, P. Casolaro, G. Dellepiane, A. Gottstein, I. Mateu, P. Scampoli AEC, Bern, Switzerland P. Scampoli Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
	Funding: This research was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Grants: 200021 175749 and CRSII5 180352. Theranostics in nuclear medicine is realized by using two different radioisotopes to label the same radiopharmaceutical, one for diagnosis via PET or SPECT (positron or gamma emitter, respectively) and one for targeted radioligand therapy (alpha, beta minus, Auger emitter). To assure the same chemistry and metabolic behaviour in the human body, the best option is to employ two radionuclides of the same element, the so called theranostic pair. In view of clinical trials and routine applications, the production and supply of novel radioisotopes for theranostics in adequate quality and quantity is essential and represents nowadays a scientific and technical challenge. The most promising methodology relies on hospital-based 15-25 MeV compact medical cyclotrons equipped with solid target stations. Being designed for the production of F-18 by means of liquid targets, innovative solutions are needed. Therefore, a research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, a facility equipped with a Solid Target Station and a 6.5 m Beam Transfer Line ending in a separate bunker. To irradiate isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powder pellets (6 mm diameter), a novel target coin was conceived and realized together with methods to assess the beam energy and the production cross sections. To optimize the irradiation procedure, a novel ultra-compact Active Focusing System based on a specific magnetic device and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector was conceived, constructed and tested. Several solutions for the beam detector were developed and others are under study. The system allows to control on-line the size and position of the beam and to correct its characteristics by steering and focusing it in order to keep it on target. Results on accelerator and detector developments together with achievements in the production of radionuclides for theranostics (Sc-43, Sc-44, Sc-47, Cu-61, Cu-64, Cu-67, Ga-68, Er-165, Tm-165, Tm-167 and Tb-155) are presented. Dellepiane et al., N. Cim. C, vol. 44p. 130, 2021. Häffner et al., Instr., vol. 3p. 63, 2019. Carzaniga et al., ARI, vol. 129p. 96, 2017. Häffner et al., App. Sci., vol. 11p. 2452, 2021. van der Meulen et al., Molecules, vol. 25, p. 4706, 2020.
	Slides WEBO06 [6.048 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO06
About •	Received ※ 03 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 06 February 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO008	Consideration of Using Non-Destructive Detectors in the Beamline of a Proton Therapy Facility	proton, cyclotron, electron, cavity	314
	Q.S. Chen, A.T. Chen, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China under the contract No. 12175077. Ionization profile monitors (IPM) are a kind of nondestructive monitors mostly used in accelerators of high intensity pulsed beams. As for particle therapy accelerators, either based on cyclotrons or synchrotrons, the extracted beams are very weak, usually on the level of nano-Amperes. Up to date, the commonly used detectors in such low current machines are all destructive, such as fluorescent screens and gas ionization chambers. In this paper, we proposed for the first time to use a residual gas ionization monitor to measure the beam profiles in a proton therapy facility based on a superconducting cyclotron. The feasibility of such a scheme and some basic issues are discussed in this paper.
	Poster THPO008 [0.535 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO008
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 19 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 June 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUBO01

Measurement of Detector Response Functions for Fast Neutron Spectroscopy with Organic Scintillators

neutron, target, proton, radiation

121

T. Hutton, A. Buffler, E. Jarvie, K. Maibane, N.B. Ndabeni
UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa

Spectrum unfolding decouples spectroscopic measurements of neutron fields from accelerator facilities by making use of a well-characterised detector response matrix. Measurements of detector response matrices, derived from time-of-flight, were made at the fast neutron facility at iThemba LABS, South Africa, with neutrons with energies between 10 - 65 MeV for: a traditional BC-501A organic liquid scintillator detector with photomultiplier tube and analogue pulse processing and acquisition; and a modern system comprised of an EJ-276 plastic scintillator, silicon photomultiplier and digital pulse processing and acquisition. The detector response matrices were validated by unfolding neutron energy spectra from measured light output spectra, and compared to the associated energy spectra derived from time-of-flight. Both detector systems demonstrated good agreement between the energy spectra derived from time-of-flight, which is promising for fast neutron spectroscopy with organic scintillators in environments outside of the laboratory.

Slides TUBO01 [5.487 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-TUBO01

About •

Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 18 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 March 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO05

Investigation of Long Radial Probe Activation in the PSI Main Ring Cyclotron

proton, simulation, cyclotron, radiation

163

M.I. Besana, E. Hohmann, M. Sapinski, J. Snuverink, D. Werthmüller
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

During an inspection of a new Long Radial Probe, inserted into the Ring cyclotron only a month earlier, an activation hot spot has been identified. The nature of this hot spot has been investigated by performing measurements of the residual activation using shielded Al₂O₃:C dosimeters, 5 mm in diameter, and a portable gamma spectrometer. Monte Carlo simulations of the probe activation with various proton energies have been performed. Results show that most of the activation comes from relatively fast decaying radionuclides and therefore the residual dose drops sufficiently during the shutdown to allow for maintenance and upgrade works. Comparing the abundances of various radionuclides estimated from measured gamma spectra with simulations at various proton energies we conclude that the most probable loss mechanism is scattering of the protons on the upstream collimator.

Slides WEAO05 [2.625 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO05

About •

Received ※ 21 December 2022 — Revised ※ 10 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 July 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEBO06

Accelerator and Detector Developments for the Production of Theranostic Radioisotopes with Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron

target, cyclotron, radiation, proton

196

S. Braccini, P. Casolaro, G. Dellepiane, A. Gottstein, I. Mateu, P. Scampoli
AEC, Bern, Switzerland
P. Scampoli
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Funding: This research was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Grants: 200021 175749 and CRSII5 180352.
Theranostics in nuclear medicine is realized by using two different radioisotopes to label the same radiopharmaceutical, one for diagnosis via PET or SPECT (positron or gamma emitter, respectively) and one for targeted radioligand therapy (alpha, beta minus, Auger emitter). To assure the same chemistry and metabolic behaviour in the human body, the best option is to employ two radionuclides of the same element, the so called theranostic pair. In view of clinical trials and routine applications, the production and supply of novel radioisotopes for theranostics in adequate quality and quantity is essential and represents nowadays a scientific and technical challenge. The most promising methodology relies on hospital-based 15-25 MeV compact medical cyclotrons equipped with solid target stations. Being designed for the production of F-18 by means of liquid targets, innovative solutions are needed. Therefore, a research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, a facility equipped with a Solid Target Station and a 6.5 m Beam Transfer Line ending in a separate bunker. To irradiate isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powder pellets (6 mm diameter), a novel target coin was conceived and realized together with methods to assess the beam energy and the production cross sections. To optimize the irradiation procedure, a novel ultra-compact Active Focusing System based on a specific magnetic device and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector was conceived, constructed and tested. Several solutions for the beam detector were developed and others are under study. The system allows to control on-line the size and position of the beam and to correct its characteristics by steering and focusing it in order to keep it on target. Results on accelerator and detector developments together with achievements in the production of radionuclides for theranostics (Sc-43, Sc-44, Sc-47, Cu-61, Cu-64, Cu-67, Ga-68, Er-165, Tm-165, Tm-167 and Tb-155) are presented.
Dellepiane et al., N. Cim. C, vol. 44p. 130, 2021.
Häffner et al., Instr., vol. 3p. 63, 2019.
Carzaniga et al., ARI, vol. 129p. 96, 2017.
Häffner et al., App. Sci., vol. 11p. 2452, 2021.
van der Meulen et al., Molecules, vol. 25, p. 4706, 2020.

Slides WEBO06 [6.048 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEBO06

About •

Received ※ 03 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 06 February 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO008

Consideration of Using Non-Destructive Detectors in the Beamline of a Proton Therapy Facility

proton, cyclotron, electron, cavity

314

Q.S. Chen, A.T. Chen, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China under the contract No. 12175077.
Ionization profile monitors (IPM) are a kind of nondestructive monitors mostly used in accelerators of high intensity pulsed beams. As for particle therapy accelerators, either based on cyclotrons or synchrotrons, the extracted beams are very weak, usually on the level of nano-Amperes. Up to date, the commonly used detectors in such low current machines are all destructive, such as fluorescent screens and gas ionization chambers. In this paper, we proposed for the first time to use a residual gas ionization monitor to measure the beam profiles in a proton therapy facility based on a superconducting cyclotron. The feasibility of such a scheme and some basic issues are discussed in this paper.

Poster THPO008 [0.535 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO008

About •

Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 13 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 19 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 June 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)