Keyword: proton
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MOPPT001 Status Report of the Cyclotrons C-30, CS-30 and RDS-111 at KFSHRC, Saudi Arabia cyclotron, target, radiation, controls 28
 
  • F.M. Alrumayan, M.S. Shawoo, M. Vora
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  
  Experience gained since the commissioning of the IBA C-30 Cyclotron at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) in 2010, has shown this facility to be viable entity. In addition to the C-30 Cyclotron, the facility includes two other Cyclotrons namely; the RDS-111 and the CS30 Cyclotrons. The latter has dual responsibilities; while is kept as a backup for the other Cyclotrons for radioisotopes production, it’s used for proton therapy researches and Bragg Peak measurements at that particular energy. During the commission of the C30 cyclotron, 700 uA dual beam were measured. Facility operating history, usage and radiopharmaceuticals productions are described.  
 
MOPPT002 Status of the HZB Cyclotron cyclotron, ion, high-voltage, neutron 31
 
  • A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, W. Hahn, G. Heidenreich, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, U. Muller, C. Rethfeldt, J.R. Röhrich
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
  
  For 15 years, eye tumours are treated in collaboration with the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. In 2012 we celebrated the 2000th patient. Our cyclotron is again served by 2 different injectors: a 6 MV Van-de-Graaff and a 2 MV tandetron. The tandetron was optimized especially for the requirements of therapy. Its advantages are easier handling, lower service requirements and a shorter injection beam line. Development of the source resulted in safe operation of more than 600 h and extremely stable beam current. The tandetron is in operation for therapy since 2011. The Van-de-Graaff was considered to be a temporary backup. New requests for beams with a very specific time structure occurred, which can be provided only with the Van-de-Graaff-cyclotron beam line. Pulse structures of high variability; from single pulses of 1 ns at a max. repetition rate of 75 kHz to pulse packets with a length up to 100 μs were tested. The latter was used for the production of pulsed neutron radiation for comprehensive testing of dosimeters. Although major breakdowns have a huge impact on the up-time due to the small number of beam time hours, breakdowns over the past years amounted to less than 5%.  
 
MOPPT004 Status and Further Development of the PSI High Intensity Proton Facility cyclotron, target, extraction, neutron 37
 
  • J. Grillenberger, J.M. Humbel, A.C. Mezger, M. Seidel, W. Tron
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The High Intensity Proton Accelerator Facility of the Paul Scherrer Institut is routinely operated at an average beam power of 1.3 MW. Since the last cyclotron conference several highlights have been achieved. The maximum current extracted from the 590 MeV Ring Cyclotron could be increased from 2.2 mA to 2.4 mA during several beam development shifts. Furthermore, the availability of the facility has reached its highest level to date, beyond 93%. The new neutron source UCN which utilizes the full proton beam in pulsed mode, has been commissioned. To ensure reliable operation in the years to come and to further increase the intensity, an upgrade and refurbishment program is under way. Important parts of this program are the replacement of two resonators in Injector II and the installation of new RF amplifiers.  
 
MOPPT005 Present Status of the RCNP Cyclotron Facility cyclotron, ion, neutron, heavy-ion 40
 
  • K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, T. Saito, H. Tamura, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  
  The RCNP cyclotron facility has been stably operated for these years. Demands for heavy ions have been increasing recently. Xe beams were accelerated by the AVF cyclotron for the first time. Developments on components and beam dynamics are presented.  
 
MOPPT008 Present Status of Cyclotrons (NIRS-930, HM-18) at NIRS cyclotron, radiation, injection, ion 46
 
  • S. Hojo, T. Honma, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • A.K. Komiyama, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi
    AEC, Chiba, Japan
  
  The cyclotron facility at National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) consists of a NIRS-930 cyclotron (Thomson-CSF AVF-930, Kb=110 MeV and Kf=90 MeV) and a small cyclotron HM-18(Sumitomo- Heavy- Industry HM-18). The NIRS-930 has been used for production of short-lived radio-pharmaceuticals for PET, research of physics, developments of particle detectors in space, and so on. The orbit of a beam in the NIRS-930 cyclotron was simulated with integrated approach to modelling of the cyclotron, including calculation of electromagnetic fields of the structural elements. And some improvements such as installation of extracted beam probe, a beam attenuator and a beam viewer in an injection beam line, were performed in the NIRS-930. The HM-18 has been used for production of short-lived radio-pharmaceuticals for PET. It allows us to accelerate H-and D- ion at fixed energies of 18 and 9 MeV, respectively. In order to improve the isochronism, a phase probe has been newly installed in the HM-18. Above improvements and operational status of the cyclotron facility are to be presented in this report.  
 
MOPPT010 On-Going Operations with the Cyclotron C70 ARRONAX cyclotron, target, isotope-production, vacuum 49
 
  • F. Poirier, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, J. Orsonneau, L. Perrigaud, D. Poyac, H. Trichet, N. Varmenot
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  • S. Girault, F. Poirier
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  • C. Huet
    EMN, Nantes, France
  • E. Mace
    INSERM, Nantes, France
  • N. Varmenot
    ICO, Saint - Herblain, France
  
  The multi-particle cyclotron C70 ARRONAX, located at Nantes, France is used to accelerate non- concurrently four types of particles downstream several beamlines. The particle energy and intensity range of the cyclotron has allowed a wide variety of application including radiolysis, neutron and isotope productions, and physics experiments. Also regular operations are performed both with dual beam runs at 2x100 μA for isotope production and at 350 μA for neutron production using 70 MeV proton beams. At low intensity, 70 MeV alpha beam is one distinctive feature of the machine with the possibility to use pulsed beam with variable time between two consecutive bunches. The status of the machine is presented as well as the operational updates on the beamlines, including the alpha particle pulsing system, the newly installed alpha degrader and beam loss monitor being developed for high intensity runs.  
 
MOPPT011 Variety of Beam Production at the INFN LNS Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, ion, target, extraction 52
 
  • D. Rifuggiato, L. Calabretta, L. Cosentino, G. Cuttone
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron has been operating for almost 20 years. Several beams are currently accelerated and delivered, allowing for a wide variety of experimental activity to be carried out. In addition, clinical activity is regularly accomplished: over 11 years of protontherapy of the eye pathologies, around 300 patients have been treated. This has stimulated a growing number of interdisciplinary experiments in the field of radiobiology and dosimetry. On the side of nuclear physics, a significant achievement is the production of radioactive beams: several rare isotopes are produced mainly exploiting the in-flight fragmentation method. The development activity carried out on several components of the user oriented facility will be described.  
 
MOPPT012 Progress at Varian's Superconducting Cyclotrons: A Base for the ProBeam™ Platform cyclotron, extraction, factory, site 55
 
  • H. Röcken, M. Abdel-Bary, E.M. Akcöltekin, P. Budz, M. Grewe, F. Klarner, A. Roth, T. Stephani, P. vom Stein
    VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
  
  During the last 9 years, Varian’s superconducting isochronous ProBeam™ medical proton cyclotrons proved their maturity when they accumulated more than 20 operational years at factory testing and patient treatment without any unscheduled down time caused by quenches or failures of the cryogenic supply systems. Their reliable superconductive technology features a fast initial cool-down and low operating costs. Besides the two machines which are in clinical operation in Switzerland and Germany, one more ProBeam™ cyclotron is already fully commissioned and delivering a 250MeV proton beam at Scripps Proton Therapy Center in San Diego, USA. Several other ProBeam™ cyclotrons are under fabrication or in the phase of factory beam acceptance tests. We report on fast cool-down and time-to-beam-extraction achievements as well as on the latest status and operational experience with Varian’s ProBeam™ cyclotrons. Additionally, we give an insight in new developments for further reduction of commissioning time and improvement of reliability.  
 
MOPPT013 Status Report on the Gustav Werner Cyclotron at TSL, Uppsala cyclotron, vacuum, ion, ECR 58
 
  • D. van Rooyen, B. Gålnander, M.E. Lindberg, T. Lofnes, T. Peterson, M. Pettersson
    TSL, Uppsala, Sweden
  
  TSL has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 with nuclear physics phased out, the CELSIUS ring dismantled and the WASA detector moved to Jülich. The focus of activities became thereby shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. The increase in demand on (a) beam time and b) consequential faster changes between various set-ups necessitated some minor upgrades. Two of these will be presented. For the same reason our energy measuring system needed to be streamlined. As a consequence of the restructuring, night shifts have been phased out. Studies indicated that a substantial energy saving can be accomplished by switching off certain power supplies. Results of this energy saving programme will be presented. The future? In 2012 our ECR ion source has been “recalled to life”, the purpose being to investigate radiation of electronics and thin films (micropore industry). The results for three test runs with heavy ions will be mentioned. Will TSL be able to survive after the Skandion Clinic has taken over Cancer Therapy with protons?  
 
MOPPT020 Study of a Superconducting Compact Cyclotron for Delivering 20 MeV High Current Proton Beam cyclotron, ion, extraction, vacuum 76
 
  • M.M. Maggiore
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • L. Bromberg, C.E. Miller, J.V. Minervini, A. Radovinsky
    MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  
  Compact cyclotrons which accelerate high current of H− ions in the range of 10-30MeV have been widely used over the last 25 years for medical isotope production and other applications. For a number of these, low weight, low power consumption, portability or low radiation background are key design requirements. We have evaluated the feasibility of a compact superconducting cyclotron that would provide proton beams up to 20 MeV by accelerating H− ions and extracting them by the stripping process with current of 100uA. The study demonstrates that the survival of the H− ion under high magnetic field environment could be large enough to guarantee low beam losses as long as the RF voltage is high. The compact cyclotron is energized by a set of superconducting coils providing the needed magnetic field, while the azimuthal varying field is done by four iron sectors. Additional superconducting coils are added to minimize the stray magnetic field, eliminating the need for a return yoke. The option of accelerating negative deuteron molecules has also been considered and is presented.  
 
MOPPT024 Radial-Sector Cyclotrons with Different Hill and Valley Field Profiles cyclotron, focusing, betatron, TRIUMF 82
 
  • M.K. Craddock
    UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  
  A new class of isochronous cyclotron is described in which more general radial field profiles B(r) are allowed than the simple proportionality to total energy found in conventional radial- and spiral-sector cyclotrons. Isochronism is maintained by using different field profiles in the hills and valleys. Suitably chosen profiles will produce high flutter factors and significant alternating-gradient focusing, enabling vertical focusing to be maintained up to 1 GeV or more using radial rather than spiral sectors.  
 
MOPPT030 Past, Present and Future Activities for Radiation Effects Testing at JULIC/COSY radiation, simulation, neutron, ion 88
 
  • S.K. Hoeffgen, S. Metzger
    FhG, Euskirchen, Germany
  • R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Gebel, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  • M. Brugger, R. Garcia Alia
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The testing of radiation effects (displacement damage DD, single event effects SEE) with energetic protons for electronics used in space and accelerators is of growing importance. Setup and past experience of a dedicated test stand used by Fraunhofer INT at the JULIC cyclotron will be presented. For general DD testing and for testing SEE of the trapped protons in space, the energy of 35 MeV of the JULIC Cyclotron is usually sufficient. During solar proton events, as well as at high energy accelerators (CERN, FAIR), electronics are confronted with protons of much higher energy. Recent scientific studies have shown that for single event upsets* as well as destructive failures (e.g, single event latch-ups)** a cross section measured at energies in the tens oF one/two-hundred MeV range (e.g. PIF@PSI) can significantly underestimate the failure rate. To avoid unnecessary high safety margins there is a growing need for the opportunity to test electronics at several GeV, like the beam provided by the Cooler-Synchrotron COSY in Jülich.
*R. Garcia Alia et. al., accepted for publication, IEEE TNS (2013), DOI:10.1109/TNS.2013.2249096
**J. R. Schwank et al., IEEE TNS, vol. 52, pp2622 (2005)
 		 
 
MO3PB02 Design Study of a Superconducting AVF Cyclotron for Proton Therapy cyclotron, extraction, cavity, resonance 102
 
  • H. Tsutsui, A. Hashimoto, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Mitsumoto, Y. Touchi, T. Ueda, K. Uno, K. Watazawa, S. Yajima, J.Y. Yoshida, K.U. Yumoto
    SHI, Tokyo, Japan
  
  Since a cyclotron has better beam quality than that of a synchrocyclotron, we have designed a 4 Tesla superconducting AVF cyclotron for proton therapy. Its weight is less than 60 tons, which is about one fourth of our normal conducting 230 MeV cyclotron. In order to reduce the size and the weight without deteriorating the beam stability, the hill gap around the outer pole radius is made small. Calculated extraction efficiency is higher than 60%, by arranging the extraction elements properly. The low temperature superconducting coil using NbTi wire is conduction-cooled by 4K GM cryocooler. Three dimensional electromagnetic finite element codes have been used during all phases of basic design.  
slides icon Slides MO3PB02 [13.506 MB]  
 
MO3PB03 High Gradient Superconducting Cavity Development for FFAG cavity, extraction, simulation, injection 105
 
  • S.V. Kutsaev, Z.A. Conway, P.N. Ostroumov
    ANL, Argonne, USA
  • R.D. Ford, C. Johnstone
    PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
Like the cyclotron, the Fixed Field Alternating Gradient machine (FFAG) is a compact accelerator with variety of applications in industry and medicine. High intensity, fixed-field compact accelerators require enhanced orbit separation to minimize beam losses especially at extraction. In medium energy and compact FFAGs, this requires a total voltage of ~20 MV per turn with continuous wave accelerating gradients of ~10MV/m, which can only be achieved using superconducting accelerating cavities. This high voltage can be generated using 4 superconducting (SC) cavities operating at higher harmonics of the beam revolution, equal to approximately 200 MHz. The cavities and cryomodule are inserted into a 2m straight section of a racetrack-shaped FFAG. However, as with cyclotrons, the FFAG has a large horizontal acceleration aperture presenting a challenging problem for SCRF cavity design. In this work, we present SC cavity design with 50 cm x 1 cm beam apertures, their electrodynamics optimization, and multiphysics analysis. To achieve a 1 mA average beam current, each cavity is powered by two 100 kW RF couplers. 		 
slides icon Slides MO3PB03 [2.819 MB]  
 
TUPPT014 Characterization of the Versatile Ion Source (VIS) for the Production of Monocharged Light Ion Beams plasma, ion, electron, ion-source 183
 
  • L. Celona, L. Calabretta, G. Castro, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • G. Castro
    Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy
  • F. Di Bartolo
    INFN & Messina University, S. Agata, Messina, Italy
  
  Funding: The support of the 5th National Committee of INFN is gratefully acknowledged.
The Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is an off-resonance Microwave Discharge Ion Source which produces a slightly overdense plasma at 2.45 GHz of pumping frequency. In the measurements carried out at INFN-LNS in the last two years, VIS was able to produce more than 50 mA of proton beams and He+ beams at 65 kV, while for H2+ a current of 15 mA was obtained. The know-how obtained with the VIS source has been useful for the design of the proton source of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund, Sweden, and it will be used also for other facilities. In particular, the design modifications of the VIS source under study at INFN-LNS, in order to use the new source as the injector of H2+ at the ISODAR facility, will be also presented. 		 
 
TUPSH002 Design and Construction of Combination Magnet for CYCIAE-100 simulation, cyclotron, extraction, status 221
 
  • S.M. Wei, Shizhong. An, M. Li, C. Wang, M. Yin, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The high intensity compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100 being constructed at China Institue of Atomic Energy (CIAE) is designed to extract proton beam from 75MeV to 100MeV in two opposite directions by stripping foil. Two combination magnets have been designed to bend the proton beams with different energies into one common beam line. The combination magnets have been designed into the return yoke of the main magnet of CYCIAE-100 for the dynamic reason. 2 D and 3D simulation of these combination magnets has been finished, the machining of them has also been finished. The magnetic field of the combination magnets has been measured and the results show that the measurements are very closed to the calculation, indicating these two magnets can be used in the BRIF project.  
 
TUPSH003 Conceptual Design of a 100 MeV Injector Cyclotron cyclotron, resonance, cavity, extraction 224
 
  • M. Li, J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang, J.Q. Zhong
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Accelerator driven system (ADS) is advanced clean nuclear energy system based on a high power accelerator, which has been proposed worldwide in recent years. Referring to the experiences from the existing PSI high power proton facility, an 800 MeV cyclotron is under design at CIAE (China Institute of Atomic Energy) as a candidate of high power proton driver. Given the extremely high beam power to be extracted, a tiny beam loss can lead to disastrous result for the cyclotron. Especially, the beam loss during extraction is the critical issue with respect to the feasibility and reliability of the design, which needs to be investigated in great detail from the very beginning. In this paper, the extraction scheme and beamline elements design are presented, and the detailed beam loss distribution during extraction will be calculated by numerical simulation with the large-scale parallel code OPAL-CYCL.  
 
TUPSH005 Investigation of Cyclotron Carbon Foil Lifetime in Relation to its Thickness electron, ion, cyclotron, radiation 227
 
  • J.-W. Kim, S. Hong, J.H. Kim
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  • Y. Choi
    Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
  • Y.-S. Kim
    Energy & Environmental System, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
  
  For extracting positive hydrogen atoms from accelerated negative ones, a thin carbon foil is usually used to stripe two electrons from negative atoms, which consists of one proton and two electrons traveling together up to 70MeV proton. The kinetic energy of electron is 38.13keV at the moment of stripping. The energy loss of protons and electrons in carbon foil could be estimated by the multiplication of stopping power (dE/dz) and the foil thickness where passing through. The stopping powers were estimated with 8.5 and 7.25 MeV/(g/cm2) for the proton and electron, respectively. In cyclotron the stripper is located in a strong magnetic field of ~Tesla, which makes electrons circular motion around the foil depositing all their kinetic energies into it. In this study, three different carbon foil thicknesses (200, 400, and 800 ug/cm2) were employed to investigate the correlation of foil temperature and their lifetime for the case of 1mA proton extraction. We are aiming the lifetime of a stripper foil to be as long as 2 weeks for irradiating protons onto an ISOL target. An effective lifetime of foils will be discussed as a function of a foil peak temperature.  
 
TUPSH006 Development of a New Active-Type Gradient Corrector for an AVF Cyclotron cyclotron, extraction, optics, quadrupole 230
 
  • M. Fukuda, N. Hamatani, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, K. Nagayama, T. Saito, H. Tamura, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  
  A new gradient corrector with active coils has been developed for beam focusing and bending in the extraction region of the RCNP AVF cyclotron. The gradient corrector is a quadrupole type consisting of a pair of a C-type iron yoke. A sixteen-turn hollow conductor was coiled around each side yoke, and the two iron dipoles generate a linear field gradient independently. A field gradient up to 9 T/m is available for focusing a heavy ion beam with magnetic rigidity up to 1.6 T-m. The position of the gradient corrector is manually changeable within ±20 mm from a beam extraction base line. A field measurement was carried out with a Hall-element and we confirmed generation of the designed field gradient under excitation of the main coil. We have succeeded in focusing an extracted beam at an object point of the beam transport optics by a combination of the gradient corrector and a triplet quadrupole magnet following the gradient corrector. Correction of an extracted beam orbit was also demonstrated by optimizing the coil current and position of the gradient corrector. We will report the design and performance of the new gradient corrector.  
 
TU3PB01 Bunch-Shape Measurements at PSI’s High-power Cyclotrons and Proton Beam Lines cyclotron, electron, cathode, simulation 257
 
  • R. Dölling
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  Longitudinal-transversal 2D-density distributions of the bunched 2.2 mA CW proton beam can now be measured at the 13 last turns of the Injector 2 cyclotron, at several locations in the connecting beam line to the Ring cyclotron, at the first two turns of the Ring cyclotron (all at energies around 72 MeV), as well as behind the Ring cyclotron (at 590 MeV). In the large part, distributions can be taken from several angles of view, separated each by 45°. The measurement systems at our facility have evolved with time; this paper gives the present status, performance, limits and typical results. Due to the limited space, we refer in the large part to our previous publications [1, 2, 3] and concentrate on recent findings and measurements and ideas for next steps.  
slides icon Slides TU3PB01 [9.393 MB]  
 
TU4PB01 Mapping of the New IBA Superconducting Synchrocyclotron (S2C2) for Proton Therapy extraction, resonance, synchro-cyclotron, cyclotron 272
 
  • J. van de Walle, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, C. L'Abbate, V. Nuttens, Y. Paradis
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon
    AIMA, Nice, France
  
  The magnetic field in the Superconducting Synchrocyclotron (S2C2) has been measured with a newly developed mapping system during the commissioning of the machine at IBA. The major difference with other mapping systems at IBA is the usage of a search coil, which provides high linearity over a large magnetic field range and the possibility to measure in a more time economic way. The first mapping results of the S2C2 were compared with OPERA3D calculations. The average field, the tune functions and the first harmonic were the main quantities which were compared and showed good agreement with the model. For example, the average field was within 0.3% of the calculation over the entire machine. In order to assess the efficiency of the regenerative extraction mechanism, protons were tracked in the measured map up to extraction. The horizontal position of the main coil was found to be a crucial parameter for the optimization of the extraction. A dedicated linear mapping system consisting of 7 Hall probes was positioned in the extraction channel of the S2C2. The field values from this linear mapping system were used to assess the optics of the beam exiting the S2C2.  
slides icon Slides TU4PB01 [2.357 MB]  
 
WE1PB02 The Rutgers Cyclotron: Placing Student's Careers on Target cyclotron, focusing, ion, simulation 291
 
  • K.J. Ruisard
    Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
  • G.A. Hine, T.W. Koeth
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
  • A.J. Rosenberg
    Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
  
  The Rutgers 12” Cyclotron is an educational tool used to introduce students to the multifaceted field of accelerator physics. Since its inception, the cyclotron has been under continuous development and is currently incorporated into the modern physics lab course at Rutgers University, as a semester-long mentored project. Students who participate in the cyclotron project receive an introduction to topics such as beam physics, high voltage power, RF systems, vacuum systems and magnet operation. Student projects have led to three different focusing pole geometries, including, most recently, a spiral edged azimuthally varying field (AVF) configuration. The Rutgers Cyclotron is often a student’s first encounter with an accelerator, and has inspired careers in accelerator physics.  
slides icon Slides WE1PB02 [14.090 MB]  
 
WE1PB04 A Novel Optical Method for Measuring Beam Phase and Width in the Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron cyclotron, ion, simulation, focusing 299
 
  • J.L. Gonski, S. Burcher, T.W. Koeth, J.E. Krutzler, S. Lazarov
    Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
  • J. Beaudoin
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
  
  We present an experimental longitudinal measurement of beam and phase slippage as a function of magnetic field deviation in a weak focusing field, using proton acceleration data from the Rutgers 12-inch cyclotron. A gated camera was used to determine beam arrival time from the radiation emitted by a fast ZnO:Ga doped phosphor target when struck by accelerated protons. Images integrated light emitted in 9 degree increments over a full 360-degree RF cycle. Analysis of relative image brightness allowed for the successful acquisition of relative phase shift and azimuthal beam width over several magnetic field strengths. Theoretical predictions and simulation via Poisson Superfish and SIMION software show good agreement with data, validating the optical method for qualitative measurements. This new method is independent of dee voltage and allows for measurements to be taken in the central region of the cyclotron, where other electrically based methods of measurement are challenging due to high RF electric fields. Such characteristics validate the use of gated camera imaging for cyclotron research, and motivate future refinement of this technique for a variety of studies.  
slides icon Slides WE1PB04 [3.662 MB]  
 
WEPPT002 Optimizing the Operational Parameters of the SFC by Using PSO Algorithm extraction, injection, cyclotron, heavy-ion 320
 
  • L.T. Shi, H. Hao, P. Jiang
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  HIRFL-SFC is a Sector-Focused Cyclotron, which plays an important role in scientific experiments in IMP. In order to orbit correction and single turn extraction, there are 4 groups of harmonic coils in SFC. But we did not have a program to calculate the current of harmonic coils for different ions. In view of this situation, we developed a program (Orbit-PSO) to calculate it. By using the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the code of orbit calculation, we get the parameters for different beam through comparing with the orbit of 7MeV 12C4+. At the same time, we get the injection energy and voltage of Dee for different ions.  
 
WEPPT005 Emittance Measurements at the Strasbourg TR24 Cyclotron for the Addition of a 65 MeV Linac Booster cyclotron, linac, extraction, emittance 329
 
  • A. Degiovanni, U. Amaldi, S. Benedetti, D. Bergesio, A. Garonna, G. Molinari
    TERA, Novara, Italy
  • S. Braccini, E.V. Kirillova
    LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
  • D. Brasse, M. Pellicioli, M. Rousseau, J. Schuler
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  • R.L. Watt, E. van Lier
    ACSI, Richmond, B.C., Canada
  
  The long term plans of IPHC foresee the installation of a linac that will boost the energy of the protons of the Strasbourg TR24 from 24 MeV to 65 MeV. The 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac, designed by the TERA Foundation, will be 5 meters long and will be powered by two 10 MW klystrons running at 100 Hz. Advanced Cyclotron Systems will modify the cyclotron source, so that the extracted 300 μA beam will be chopped in 4 μs long pulses. To compute the transverse acceptances of the linac, the horizontal and vertical emittances of the extracted proton beam have been measured with the secondary emission detector BISE (Beam Imaging with Secondary Electrons) built by TERA and previously calibrated at the Bern 18 MeV IBA cyclotron. In this detector a thin 5 cm diameter foil is placed at 45° with respect to the beam direction and an electrostatic lens images the secondary electrons -extracted by the protons- on a phosphor, which is viewed by a CCD camera. The results of the measurements of the transverse emittances will be reported together with the description of the linac structure and the calculation of the expected output current based on the dynamics of the accelerated proton beam.  
 
WEPPT021 Columbus - A Simple Ion Source ion-source, ion, cyclotron, electron 364
 
  • M. J. Frank, E. Held, C.R. Wolf
    Ernes, Coburg, Germany
  
  An ion source provides a cyclotron with charged particles which can be accelerated by an electric field. The simpelst possibility is a thermionic ion-source. Electrons emitted from a white-hot tungsten filament, placed in a ceramic block of macor, are accelerated by a dc voltage of 100 - 150 V and constraint to a spiral path by the homogenous magnetic field of the cyclotron. They collide with hydrogen atoms and ionisize them. The ceramic block is covered by tube made of copper in which the ions raise up. They enter the gap between the dees through a small aperture in tube. The ion source is mounted under the dummy-dee, so its position can be changed to find the best place. The hydrogen gas is stored in a Hydro-stick, a small tube which contains 10 l of Hydrogen under a pressure of 10 bar. From here it enters the ion source by a mass-flow controller which enables accurate dosing.  
poster icon Poster WEPPT021 [1.640 MB]  
 
WEPPT024 Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron: Dedicated to Training Through Research and Development cyclotron, ion, cathode, ion-source 366
 
  • T.W. Koeth, J.E. Krutzler, T.S. Ponter, A.J. Rosenberg, W.S. Schneider
    Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
  • D.E. Hoffman
    PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
  
  The Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron is a 1.2 MeV proton accelerator dedicated to beam physics instruction.[1] The 12-inch cyclotron project began as a personal pursuit for two Rutgers undergraduate students in 1995 and was incorporated into the Modern Physics Teaching Lab in 2001.[2] Since then, student projects have been contributing to the cyclotron’s evolution through development of accelerator components. Most of the Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron components have been designed and built in house, thus giving its students a research and development introduction to the field of accelerator physics and associated hardware.
[1] www.physics.rutgers.edu/cyclotron
[2] T. Feder, “Building a Cyclotron on a Shoe String,” Physics Today, 30-31 (November 2004) 		 
 
WEPPT026 Cyclotron Injection Tests of High-Intensity H2+ Beam cyclotron, solenoid, emittance, injection 372
 
  • F.S. Labrecque, B.F. Milton
    BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • J.R. Alonso, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad, M. Toups
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • L. Calabretta, L. Celona
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • R. Gutierrez-Martinez, L.A. Winslow
    UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
  • D. Winklehner
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Work funded by NSF agency, contract PHY-1148134
The IsoDAR (sterile neutrino) and DAEδALUS (CP-violation in neutrino sector) experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H2+ ions. To understand high intensity H2+ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. The first test was completed this summer; a collaboration of MIT, BEST Cyclotrons and INFN-LNS at the BEST shops in Vancouver. The LNS Versatile Ion Source (VIS) was shipped from Catania to Vancouver, and was mounted, along with HV components and first focusing solenoid, on a test bench. In addition to the bench, BEST provided further beam line elements, instrumentation and a test cyclotron magnet for acceleration to no greater than 1 MeV/amu (to avoid any neutron production). Axial injection studies were conducted with a Catania-designed spiral inflector. Experimental configurations, beam characterization measurements, and phase acceptance and buncher efficiency studies will be reported. 		 
 
WEPPT028 Proposal for High Power Cyclotrons Test Site in Catania cyclotron, ion, vacuum, extraction 378
 
  • L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. Celona, L. Cosentino, C. Cui, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • R.R. Johnson
    BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • L. AC. Piazza
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  The IsoDAR and DAEδALUS experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H2+ ions in the cyclotrons. To understand high intensity H2+ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. Building on the first experiments at Best Cyclotrons, Vancouver (Abstract 1261), a larger-scale test cyclotron will be built at INFN-LNS in Catania. This cyclotron will be designed for 7 MeV/n (Q/A = 0.5; H2+ or He++). After the first year of operation dedicated at optimization of the central region for the injection of high intensity Q/A = 0.5 beams, the cyclotron will be modified to allow the acceleration of H− up to an energy of 28 MeV. The main characteristics of the machine and the planned test stand will be presented.  
 
WEPSH006 62Zn Radioisotope Production by Cyclotron target, cyclotron, ion, injection 393
 
  • M. Ghergherehchi, J.-S. Chai, J.-S. Chai
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  • H. Afarideh
    AUT, Tehran, Iran
  
  Natural Cu target was irradiated with proton beam in the energy range of 15 to 30 MeV at a beam current of 100 μA for 15 min. In this irradiation radioisotope of 62Zn produced as a generator and then decay to 62Cu radioisotope. The 62Cu is emitting β+ and known to PET radioisotope. Excitation function of 62Cu via natCu (p, 2n) 62Zn, 62Cu and 62Cu (d, 3n) 62Zn reactions were calculated using Alice and Talys codes and then were compared with the reported measurement by experimental data and ENDF-2011 data. Production yield versus target thickness were evaluated with attention to reaction cross section data obtained from Alice and Talys codes, and stopping power and range of protons in target materials using SRIM code. The production yield also examined experimentally and found that the optimum irradiation yield achieved to be 5.9 mci/μAh at protons of 100 μA current and 30 MeV energy. A radiolabeling process also was performed using 62ZnCl2 and antitumor compound, bleomycin (BLM) as a possible tumor imaging.  
 
WEPSH007 Radiochromic Film as a Dosimetric Tool for Low Energy Proton Beams photon, cyclotron, ion, radiation 397
 
  • S. Devic, S. Aldelaijan, F.M. Alrumayan, F. Alzorkani, B.M. Moftah, M. Shehadeh
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  
  Funding: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Grant No 11-BIO1428-20
EBT3 and HDV2 GAFCHROMICTM films were tested for dose measurements at a 26.5 MeV and 6 mm Bragg peak proton beam. Beam output was calibrated using IAEA TRS-398 reference dosimetry protocol with calibrated chamber in water. Films were calibrated in terms of dose to water by exposing calibration film pieces within a solid water phantom at depth of 3 mm. EBT3 films were irradiated to doses of up to 10 Gy with both 4 MV photon and 26.5 MeV proton beams, while pieces of the HDV2 radiochromic films were irradiated to doses of up to 128 Gy proton beam. Irradiated pieces of the EBT3 films were tested for activation using Germanium detector. Their energy spectra were measured over a period of 40 minutes. EBT3 film model response was 3 times higher for protons than photons. When irradiated in proton beam the EBT3 was 24 times more sensitive than HDV2 films. For the EBT3 film model, few proton-activated processes were identified resulting in short-lived radioisotopes. EBT3 film can be used for measurements for doses of up to 10 Gy using a green color channel of the scanned images, while the red color channel of the HDV2 scanned film images can be used for measurements of much higher doses. 		 
 
WEPSH008 Characterization of the CS30 Cyclotron at KFSH&RC for Radiotherapy Applications cyclotron, target, ion, ion-source 400
 
  • B.M. Moftah
    Belal Moftah, PhD, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • S. Aldelaijan, F.M. Alrumayan, F. Alzorkani, S. Devic, M. Shehadeh
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  
  Funding: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Grant No 11-BIO1428-20
The 26.5 MeV beam of the CS30 Cyclotron at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) was characterized dosimetrically for the use in radiobiological experiments for pre-clinical and radiotherapy studies. Position of the beam’s Bragg peak was measured with a stack of 60 pieces of HDV2 model GAFCHROMICTM films (105 microns thick each). This film type was specifically designed for measurement of very high doses, ranging up to 1,000 Gy. Output of the proton beam was calibrated using IAEA TRS-398 reference dosimetry protocol with calibrated parallel plate chamber in water. The response of the film was calibrated in terms of dose to water by exposing calibration film pieces within a solid water phantom. The position of the Bragg peak was found to be at around 6 mm when 10 to 20 nA proton beam current was used. Pieces of radiochromic film were irradiated at 40, 70 and 100 cm from the primary collimator, where the Gaussian shaped beam profiles had values of 12, 26, 45 mm FWHM respectively. Proton beam characteristics in terms of the output and beam size appear to be acceptable for pre-clinical studies. 		 
 
WEPSH010 Proton Therapy at the Institut Curie – CPO: Operation of an IBA C235 Cyclotron Looking Forward Scanning Techniques cyclotron, ion-source, ion, extraction 403
 
  • A. Patriarca, S.J. Meyroneinc
    Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Orsay, France
  
  Since 1991, more than 6100 patients (mainly eye and head & neck tumours) were treated at the Institut Curie – Centre de Protonthèrapie d’Orsay using Double Scattering proton beam delivery technique. After 19 years of activity, a 200 MeV synchrocyclotron has been shut down and replaced by a 230 MeV C235 IBA proton cyclotron. This delivers beam to two passive fixed treatment rooms and to one universal nozzle equipped gantry. In the past two years of operation more than 95.5% of the scheduled patients (near 500/year) were treated. We have realised, according to IBA recommendations, preventive maintenance (i.e. RF final amplifier) and we have improved some diagnostic tools (i.e. Main Coil monitoring) allowing us to reduce the number of downtime events from 499 in 2011 to 351 in 2012. In order to improve cancer treatment capabilities we are now involved in the transition towards scanning particle therapy, requiring even more accurate quality assurance protocols. We describe here the main cyclotron issues (ion source, deflector) and what is needed to perform a proper scanning technique, the main goal being the enhancement of our reliability performances.  
 
WE4PB01 Tracking in a Cyclotron with Geant4 TRIUMF, cyclotron, simulation, acceleration 423
 
  • F.W. Jones, T. Planche, Y.-N. Rao
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Building on its precursor GEANT, the tracking and simulation toolkit Geant4 has been conceived and realised in a very general fashion, with much attention given to the modeling of electric and magnetic fields and the accuracy of tracking charged particles through them. As evidenced by the G4Beamline application, Geant4 offers a unique simulation approach to beam lines and accelerators, in a 3D geometry and without some of the limitations posed by conventional optics and tracking codes. Here we apply G4Beamline to the TRIUMF cyclotron, describing the generation and input of the field data, accuracy of closed orbits, stability of multi-turn tracking, tracking accelerated orbits, and phase acceptance. Geant4's 3D visualization tools allow detailed examination of trajectories as well as a particle's-eye view of the acceleration process.  
slides icon Slides WE4PB01 [4.146 MB]  
 
TH1PB02 Tuning of the PSI 590 MeV Ring Cyclotron for Accepting and Accelerating a Rebunched 72 MeV Proton Beam cyclotron, injection, extraction, acceleration 437
 
  • J.M. Humbel, C. Baumgarten, J. Grillenberger, W. Joho, H. Muller, H. Zhang
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  In the past year the production of a 1.42 MW proton beam at a relative loss level of 10-4 at PSI’s proton facility became routine operation. In addition, the inaugurated buncher based beam injection into the 590 MeV Ringcyclotron made a remarkable step forward. In particular, an almost dispersion free setting of the beamline region around the 500 MHz rebuncher in the 72 MeV transfer line has been established and a perfect matching of the dispersion into the Ringcyclotron has been achieved. This buncher-operation optimized facility setting could be advanced up to the ordinary stable standard 2.2 mA production proton beam. With the buncher voltage turned on, at the moment the beam extracted from the Ringcyclotron is limited to below 1 mA due to raising losses, mainly generated by space charge induced distortions of the beam bunches. For a better understanding of these effects a substantial effort in modelling of the accelerated beam is under way. In particular, the influence of the trim coil fields is being implemented into the OPAL simulation code and the insertion of an additional time structure measurement probe in the Ringcyclotron is proposed.  
slides icon Slides TH1PB02 [9.281 MB]  
 
TH1PB03 Activation Analysis with Charged Particles: Theory, Practice and Potential target, neutron, cyclotron, monitoring 440
 
  • M.A. Chaudhri
    Inst. of Biomaterials, Uni. of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
  
  Charged particle activation analysis (CPA) is an important application of cyclotrons. It is sensitive and can also activate lighter and other elements, such as Al, Si, Ti, Cd, Tl, Pb, Bi, etc., which cannot be conveniently or at all determined by slow neutron activation (NA). But, the heating of the target in CPA has to be overcome. Besides, it is necessary that the matrices of the sample and the “Standard” are identical or at least similar,which is not always convenient. However, with Chaudhri’s method*, CPA is reduced to the simplicity of NA even when matrices of “Standard” and sample are widely different. By using CPA, the effect of French Atomic Tests Series of 1974 in the Pacific on the Australian East Coast was studied. The sensitivity for detecting any element/isotope with Z=20 to Z=90 in any matrix, activated with protons, deuterons and alphas of up to 35 MeV energy have been estimated and presented in graphical form. From these curves the sensitivity of detecting any element/isotope in the aforementioned range can be directly estimated in any given matrix. These curves would help in selecting the most suitable nuclear reaction for the measurement of a particular element.
*A.Chaudhri, N.Chaudhri. Methods of charged-particle activation analysis. Paper presented at the 20th Int. Conf. On Ion Beam Analysis, Itapema (Brazil) 10-15 April, 2011 to be published
 		 
 
TH2PB01 Design of Ultra-Light Superconducting Proton Cyclotron for Production of Isotopes for Medical Applications cyclotron, ion, shielding, vacuum 446
 
  • M.K. Dey, A. Chakrabarti, A. Dutta Gupta
    VECC, Kolkata, India
  
  A new design has been explored for a superconducting-coil-based compact cyclotron, which has many practical benefits over conventional superconducting cyclotrons. The iron yoke and poles in conventional superconducting cyclotrons have been avoided in this design. The azimuthally varying field is generated by superconducting sector-coils. The superconducting sector-coils and the circular main-coils have been housed in a single cryostat. It has resulted in an ultra-light 25 MeV proton cyclotron weighing about 2000 kg. Further, the sector coils and the main coils are fed by independent power supplies, which allow flexibility of operation through on-line magnetic field trimming. Here, we present design calculations and the engineering considerations, focused on making the cyclotron ideally suited for the production of radioisotopes for medical applications.  
slides icon Slides TH2PB01 [9.625 MB]  
 
TH2PB02 Parasitic Isotope Production with Cyclotron Beam Generated Neutrons neutron, cyclotron, isotope-production, target 451
 
  • J.W. Engle, E.R. Birnbaum, M.E. Fassbender, K.D. John, F.M. Nortier
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics
Several LINAC and cyclotron facilities worldwide generate high intensity beams with primary beam energies in the range 66 MeV to 200 MeV for isotope production purposes. Many of these beams are almost fully subscribed due to the high demand for isotopes produced via proton induced reactions, leaving little beam time available for production of smaller quantities of research isotopes. Modeling and preliminary experimental measurement of the high power proton beam interaction with targets at the Isotope Production Facility at Los Alamos show a high potential for parasitic small scale production of isotopes utilizing the secondary neutron flux generated around the target. This can also be exploited by modern commercial 70 MeV cyclotrons with total beam currents approaching 1 mA and more. 		 
slides icon Slides TH2PB02 [5.799 MB]  
 
TH2PB03 The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron a Summary of Current Particles and Energies Used in Therapy, Isotope Production, and Clinical Research cyclotron, target, neutron, ion-source 454
 
  • E.F. Dorman, R.C. Emery
    University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
  
  The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron (UWCC) is a Scanditronix MC-50 compact cyclotron installed in 1983. The cyclotron has now been in operation for 30 years. The unique nature of the cyclotron is its variable frequency RF system, and dual ion source chimneys; it is also capable to produce other particles and energies. Our facility is now sharing beam time between multiple users: Fast Neutron radiotherapy. Development of a Precision Proton Radiotherapy Platform. In vivo verification of precision proton radiotherapy with positron emission tomography. Routine production of 211-At. Routine production of 117m-Sn. Cyclotron based 99m-Tc production. Cyclotron based 186-Re production. Proton beam extracted into air, demonstrating a visual Bragg peak. Neutron hardness for electronic subsystems. These multiple projects show the uniqueness of our facility and our commitment to therapy, radioisotope research and production, and clinical investigations. Currently Running Protons (H+) 50.5 MeV/75μA, 50 MeV/5-10pA, 35 MeV/3-5 pA 16, 18, 24, 28 MeV/30μA, Protons (H2+) 6.8 MeV/300nA, Deuterons (D+) 18, 20, 22, 24 MeV/30μA, Alphas (4He++) 29.0 MeV/50μA, 47.3 MeV/70μA.  
slides icon Slides TH2PB03 [11.400 MB]  
 
TH2PB04 A Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup Especially for Proton Therapy of Ocular Tumors radiation, cyclotron, simulation, ion 458
 
  • C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
  
  The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) provides together with the University Hospital Charité in Berlin a treatment of eye tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by an isochronous cyclotron as main accelerator. In tumor irradiation treatment the positioning of the radiation field is very important. In eye tumor treatment it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Hence, due to the well defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve rather small fields of dose delivery. Again, due to the small structures in the eye, one needs to know the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy. One possible solution for a quick and high precision measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC concerning the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. In this presentation an overview of the progress of this work will be given, regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization.  
slides icon Slides TH2PB04 [5.358 MB]  
 
FR1PB01 Operation Mode of AIC-144 Multipurpose Isochronous Cyclotron for Eye Melanoma Treatment cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, vacuum 461
 
  • G.A. Karamysheva, I. Amirkhanov, I.N. Kiyan, N.A. Morozov, E. Samsonov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • K. Daniel, K. Gugula, J. Sulikowski
    IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
  
  Computational and experimental results concerning acceleration and extraction of the 60-MeV proton beam at AIC-144 cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kraków, Poland) are considered. A proton beam of the AIC-144 cyclotron is accelerated without large losses in the radial region of 12-62 cm and is extracted from the cyclotron with a pretty good overall efficiency of ~35%. The beam was used for successful treatment of 15 patients in 2011-2012.  
slides icon Slides FR1PB01 [3.828 MB]  
 
FR1PB02 Secondary Particle Dose and RBE Measurements Using High-Energy Proton Beams radiation, factory, background, ion 464
 
  • M. Ghergherehchi, J.-S. Chai
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  • D.H. Shin
    NCC, Goyang, Kyeonggi, Republic of Korea
  
  High- and intermediate-energy protons are not able to directly form a track in a CR-39 etch detector (TED). Such detectors, however, can be used for the detection and dosimetry of the beams of these particles through the registration of secondary charged particles with sufficiently high values of linear energy transfer (LET). The studied were realized in a clinical proton beam of the NCC Korea, with primary energy of 72 to 220 MeV (1.1 to 0.4 KeV/ μm). The contribution of the secondary particle dose and the value of RBE both increase with decreasing proton energy. A strong agreement between experimentally obtained results and the predicted total cross sections was verified by the Alice code. Stimulation of the secondary particle dose by the Geant4 code also predicted results in agreement by experimental results. It is clear that higher cross sectional values lead to an increased production of secondary particles. This secondary particle dose is highly important for applications such as radiotherapy, radiobiology, and radiation protection.  
slides icon Slides FR1PB02 [2.955 MB]  
 
FR1PB03 The Radio Frequency Fragment Separator: A Time-of-Flight Filter for Fast Fragmentation Beams neutron, cyclotron, radio-frequency, target 467
 
  • T. Baumann, D. Bazin, T.N. Ginter, E. Kwan, J. Pereira, C. Sumithrarachchi
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants PHY02-16783, PHY-06-06007, and PHY-11-02511.
Rare isotope beams produced by fragmentation of fast heavy ion beams are commonly separated using a combination of magnetic rigidity selection (mass to charge ratio) and energy-loss selection (largely dependent on proton number) using magnetic fragment separators. This method offers isotopic selection of the fragment of interest, however, the purity that can be achieved depends on the rigidity of the rare isotope with respect to more abundant fragments. This poses a problem specifically for neutron-deficient isotopes (towards the proton drip line) where much more abundant isotopes closer to stability can not be separated out. A separation by time-of-flight can further suppress such isotonic contaminants. The Radio Frequency Fragment Separator* deflects isotopes based on their phase relative to the cyclotron RF using a transverse electric RF field, effectively separating by time-of-flight. This method is in use for the production of neutron deficient rare isotope beams at NSCL.
*D. Bazin et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. A 606 (2009) 314-319 		 
slides icon Slides FR1PB03 [4.324 MB]  
 
FR1PB05 In Memoriam: Henry G. Blosser cyclotron, electron, superconductivity, neutron 473
 
  • M.K. Craddock
    UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • S.M. Austin, F. Marti
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Tribute to Henry Blosser  
slides icon Slides FR1PB05 [24.459 MB]  
 
FR2PB02 Cyclotron Production of Tc-99m target, cyclotron, vacuum, TRIUMF 482
 
  • K.R. Buckley
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Concern over past and impending shortages of Tc-99m have led to renewed interest in the cyclotron production of Tc-99m - the most used radionuclide in Nuclear Medicine. TRIUMF has led a collaboration to implement the irradiation of Mo-100 solid targets on cyclotrons previously only used for the production of PET radionuclides. The technology and irradiation conditions that are critical parameters affecting the purity of the Tc-99m will be presented.  
slides icon Slides FR2PB02 [9.058 MB]