Cyclotrons2013 - List of Keywords (linac)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPPT025	Optimum Serpentine Acceleration in Scaling FFAG	acceleration, lattice, extraction, radio-frequency	85
	S.R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Serpentine acceleration is typified by fixed radio frequency, fixed magnetic field and a near (but not) isochronous lattice, radial motion of the orbit, and two or more reversals of the motion in RF phase. This was discovered in 2003 for linear non-scaling FFAGs in the relativistic regime. In 2013, Kyoto University School of Engineering pointed out that serpentine acceleration is possible also in scaling FFAGs and may span the non-relativistic to relativistic regime. As a function of two key parameters, field index and synchronous energy, this paper shows how to optimize the extraction energy and the voltage per turn for the scaling case. Optimization is difficult, and typically leads to poor performance: either extreme voltage or small acceleration range. Nevertheless, designs with credible acceleration parameters can be obtained; and indicative examples are presented herein.

MO3PB04	Comparison of Superconducting 230 MeV/u Synchro- and Isochronous Cyclotron Designs for Therapy with Cyclinacs	cyclotron, injection, acceleration, ion	108
	A. Garonna CERN, Geneva, Switzerland U. Amaldi, A. Laisné TERA, Novara, Italy L. Calabretta, D. Campo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	Funding: This work was funded by the TERA Foundation (Novara, Italy). This work presents new superconducting compact cyclotron designs for injection in CABOTO, a linac developed by the TERA Foundation delivering C⁶⁺/H²⁺ beams up to 400 MeV/u for ion beam therapy. Two designs are compared in an industrial perspective under the same design constraints and methods: a synchrocyclotron and an isochronous cyclotron, both at the highest possible magnetic field and with an output energy of 230 MeV/u. This energy allows us to use the cyclotron as a stand-alone accelerator for proton therapy. The synchrocyclotron design features a central magnetic field of 5 T and an axisymmetric pole and a constant field index. The beam is injected axially with a spiral inflector. Resonant extraction allows beam ejection with moderate beam losses. The RF system operates in first harmonic (180° Dee), with modulation provided by a large rotating capacitor. The isochronous cyclotron design features a 3.2 T central magnetic field, four sectors and elliptical pole gaps in the hills and in the valleys. Spiraling is minimized and beam ejection is achieved with a single electrostatic deflector placed inside an empty valley. The two RF cavities operate in fourth harmonic.
	Slides MO3PB04 [4.314 MB]

MO4PB01	Experimental Study Towards High Beam Power FFAG	acceleration, injection, space-charge, cavity	111
	T. Uesugi Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	The FFAG complex at KURRI is not only the first proton FFAG accelerator facility for beam users but the one aiming to have high beam power. The talk will present various efforts to increase beam power for the last few years and systematic strategy in near future toward the space charge limit.
	Slides MO4PB01 [6.691 MB]

MO4PB03	Advanced FFAG Optics, Design and Experiment	acceleration, emittance, insertion, betatron	120
	J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	Much progress has been made in the FFAG design with novel ideas, for example, FFAG straight line, FFAG with race track shape, FFAG with vertical orbit excursion, etc. Some of these were demonstrated experimentally. The talk will review the recent progress around the world.
	Slides MO4PB03 [13.272 MB]

WEPPT005	Emittance Measurements at the Strasbourg TR24 Cyclotron for the Addition of a 65 MeV Linac Booster	cyclotron, proton, extraction, emittance	329
	A. Degiovanni, U. Amaldi, S. Benedetti, D. Bergesio, A. Garonna, G. Molinari TERA, Novara, Italy S. Braccini, E.V. Kirillova LHEP, Bern, Switzerland D. Brasse, M. Pellicioli, M. Rousseau, J. Schuler IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France R.L. Watt, E. van Lier ACSI, Richmond, B.C., Canada
	The long term plans of IPHC foresee the installation of a linac that will boost the energy of the protons of the Strasbourg TR24 from 24 MeV to 65 MeV. The 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac, designed by the TERA Foundation, will be 5 meters long and will be powered by two 10 MW klystrons running at 100 Hz. Advanced Cyclotron Systems will modify the cyclotron source, so that the extracted 300 μA beam will be chopped in 4 μs long pulses. To compute the transverse acceptances of the linac, the horizontal and vertical emittances of the extracted proton beam have been measured with the secondary emission detector BISE (Beam Imaging with Secondary Electrons) built by TERA and previously calibrated at the Bern 18 MeV IBA cyclotron. In this detector a thin 5 cm diameter foil is placed at 45° with respect to the beam direction and an electrostatic lens images the secondary electrons -extracted by the protons- on a phosphor, which is viewed by a CCD camera. The results of the measurements of the transverse emittances will be reported together with the description of the linac structure and the calculation of the expected output current based on the dynamics of the accelerated proton beam.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPPT025

Optimum Serpentine Acceleration in Scaling FFAG

acceleration, lattice, extraction, radio-frequency

85

S.R. Koscielniak
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Serpentine acceleration is typified by fixed radio frequency, fixed magnetic field and a near (but not) isochronous lattice, radial motion of the orbit, and two or more reversals of the motion in RF phase. This was discovered in 2003 for linear non-scaling FFAGs in the relativistic regime. In 2013, Kyoto University School of Engineering pointed out that serpentine acceleration is possible also in scaling FFAGs and may span the non-relativistic to relativistic regime. As a function of two key parameters, field index and synchronous energy, this paper shows how to optimize the extraction energy and the voltage per turn for the scaling case. Optimization is difficult, and typically leads to poor performance: either extreme voltage or small acceleration range. Nevertheless, designs with credible acceleration parameters can be obtained; and indicative examples are presented herein.

MO3PB04

Comparison of Superconducting 230 MeV/u Synchro- and Isochronous Cyclotron Designs for Therapy with Cyclinacs

cyclotron, injection, acceleration, ion

108

A. Garonna
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
U. Amaldi, A. Laisné
TERA, Novara, Italy
L. Calabretta, D. Campo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

Funding: This work was funded by the TERA Foundation (Novara, Italy).
This work presents new superconducting compact cyclotron designs for injection in CABOTO, a linac developed by the TERA Foundation delivering C⁶⁺/H²⁺ beams up to 400 MeV/u for ion beam therapy. Two designs are compared in an industrial perspective under the same design constraints and methods: a synchrocyclotron and an isochronous cyclotron, both at the highest possible magnetic field and with an output energy of 230 MeV/u. This energy allows us to use the cyclotron as a stand-alone accelerator for proton therapy. The synchrocyclotron design features a central magnetic field of 5 T and an axisymmetric pole and a constant field index. The beam is injected axially with a spiral inflector. Resonant extraction allows beam ejection with moderate beam losses. The RF system operates in first harmonic (180° Dee), with modulation provided by a large rotating capacitor. The isochronous cyclotron design features a 3.2 T central magnetic field, four sectors and elliptical pole gaps in the hills and in the valleys. Spiraling is minimized and beam ejection is achieved with a single electrostatic deflector placed inside an empty valley. The two RF cavities operate in fourth harmonic.

Slides MO3PB04 [4.314 MB]

MO4PB01

Experimental Study Towards High Beam Power FFAG

acceleration, injection, space-charge, cavity

111

T. Uesugi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

The FFAG complex at KURRI is not only the first proton FFAG accelerator facility for beam users but the one aiming to have high beam power. The talk will present various efforts to increase beam power for the last few years and systematic strategy in near future toward the space charge limit.

Slides MO4PB01 [6.691 MB]

MO4PB03

Advanced FFAG Optics, Design and Experiment

acceleration, emittance, insertion, betatron

120

J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

Much progress has been made in the FFAG design with novel ideas, for example, FFAG straight line, FFAG with race track shape, FFAG with vertical orbit excursion, etc. Some of these were demonstrated experimentally. The talk will review the recent progress around the world.

Slides MO4PB03 [13.272 MB]

WEPPT005

Emittance Measurements at the Strasbourg TR24 Cyclotron for the Addition of a 65 MeV Linac Booster

cyclotron, proton, extraction, emittance

329

A. Degiovanni, U. Amaldi, S. Benedetti, D. Bergesio, A. Garonna, G. Molinari
TERA, Novara, Italy
S. Braccini, E.V. Kirillova
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
D. Brasse, M. Pellicioli, M. Rousseau, J. Schuler
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
R.L. Watt, E. van Lier
ACSI, Richmond, B.C., Canada

The long term plans of IPHC foresee the installation of a linac that will boost the energy of the protons of the Strasbourg TR24 from 24 MeV to 65 MeV. The 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac, designed by the TERA Foundation, will be 5 meters long and will be powered by two 10 MW klystrons running at 100 Hz. Advanced Cyclotron Systems will modify the cyclotron source, so that the extracted 300 μA beam will be chopped in 4 μs long pulses. To compute the transverse acceptances of the linac, the horizontal and vertical emittances of the extracted proton beam have been measured with the secondary emission detector BISE (Beam Imaging with Secondary Electrons) built by TERA and previously calibrated at the Bern 18 MeV IBA cyclotron. In this detector a thin 5 cm diameter foil is placed at 45° with respect to the beam direction and an electrostatic lens images the secondary electrons -extracted by the protons- on a phosphor, which is viewed by a CCD camera. The results of the measurements of the transverse emittances will be reported together with the description of the linac structure and the calculation of the expected output current based on the dynamics of the accelerated proton beam.