Cyclotrons2013 - List of Keywords (heavy-ion)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO1PB01	Acceleration of Intense Heavy Ion Beams in RIBF Cascaded-Cyclotrons	ion, cyclotron, acceleration, extraction	1
	N. Fukunishi, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, T. Fujinawa, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	The RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons have obtained, as of December 2012, uranium ion beams with an intensity of as high as 15 pnA (1 kW of power). This was achieved owing to deployment of a 28 GHz ECRIS, a new injector linac, a gas stripper and a bending-power upgrade of RIKEN fixed-frequency Ring Cyclotron as well as improvement of transmission efficiencies through cyclotrons and stability, etc.
	Slides MO1PB01 [12.793 MB]

MO2PB03	Progress Toward the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M	ion, ECRIS, cyclotron, injection	22
	D.P. May, B.T. Roeder, R.E. Tribble Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA J.E. Ärje JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773 The upgrade project at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University continues to make substantial progress toward the goal of providing radioactive beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron. The K150, which will function as a driver, is now used extensively to deliver both light and heavy ion beams for experiments. The ion-guide cave for the production and charge-breeding of low-energy radioactive beams has been constructed, and the light-ion guide (LIG) has been commissioned with an internal radioactive source. The charge breeding electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) has been commissioned with a source of stable 1+ ions, while the injection line leading to the K500 has been commissioned with the injection and acceleration of charge-bred beams. Despite the lack of good field maps, both light and heavy ions beams have been developed for the K150. Progress and plans, including those for the heavy-ion guide (HIG), are presented.
	Slides MO2PB03 [9.652 MB]

MO2PB04	Improving the Energy Efficiency, Reliability and Performance of AGOR	cyclotron, ion, controls, cryogenics	25
	M.A. Hofstee, S. Brandenburg, H. Post, R.A. Schellekens, J.E. de Jong KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Over the past few years the nature of the experiments performed with AGOR has changed from long experiments, to sequences of short experiments, often using different beams. In addition the total demand for beamtime has gone down. This has required a change in operating procedures and scheduling. In view of the changing demands, we are continuing our efforts to improve the energy efficiency and reliability of the cyclotron, while at the same time trying to improve performance. While some of the solutions might be unique to our facility, many will have broader applicability. Some case studies will be presented and areas for future improvements identified.
	Slides MO2PB04 [2.578 MB]

MOPPT005	Present Status of the RCNP Cyclotron Facility	cyclotron, ion, proton, neutron	40
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, T. Saito, H. Tamura, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	The RCNP cyclotron facility has been stably operated for these years. Demands for heavy ions have been increasing recently. Xe beams were accelerated by the AVF cyclotron for the first time. Developments on components and beam dynamics are presented.

TU1PB04	Status of the RIKEN 28-GHz SC-ECRIS	ion, ion-source, emittance, ECR	139
	Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Since we obtained first beam from RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS in 2009, we tried to increase the beam intensity using various methods. Recently, we observed that the use of Al chamber strongly enhanced the beam intensity of highly charged U ion beam. Using this method, we obtained ~180e μA of U³⁵⁺ and ~230e μA of U³³⁺ at the injected RF power of ~3kW with sputtering method. Advantage of this method is that we can insert the large amount of material into the plasma chamber, therefore, we can produce the beam for long term without break. Actually, we already produced intense U beams for the RIBF experiments longer than month without break. For the long term operation, we observed that the consumption rate of the U metal was ~4mg/h. In this spring, we also produced U beam with high temperature oven and two frequencies injection. In these test experiments, we observed that the beam intensity of highly charged U ions is strongly enhanced. In this contribution, we report the various results of the test experiments for production of highly charged U ion beam. We also report the experience of the long term production of the U ion beam for RIKEN RIBF experiments.
	Slides TU1PB04 [6.949 MB]

WEPPT002	Optimizing the Operational Parameters of the SFC by Using PSO Algorithm	extraction, proton, injection, cyclotron	320
	L.T. Shi, H. Hao, P. Jiang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	HIRFL-SFC is a Sector-Focused Cyclotron, which plays an important role in scientific experiments in IMP. In order to orbit correction and single turn extraction, there are 4 groups of harmonic coils in SFC. But we did not have a program to calculate the current of harmonic coils for different ions. In view of this situation, we developed a program (Orbit-PSO) to calculate it. By using the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the code of orbit calculation, we get the parameters for different beam through comparing with the orbit of 7MeV ¹²C⁴⁺. At the same time, we get the injection energy and voltage of Dee for different ions.

WEPPT008	Correction of Vertical Shifting of Extracted Beam at the Test Operation of DC-110 Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, ion, betatron	338
	I.A. Ivanenko, B. Gikal, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V.I. Mironov, E. Samsonov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The specialized heavy ion cyclotron DC-110 has been designed and created by the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research for scientifically industrial complex “BETA” placed in Dubna (Russia). DC-110 cyclotron is intended for accelerating the intense Ar, Kr, Xe ion beams with fixed energy of 2.5 MeV/nucleon. The commissioning of DC-110 cyclotron has been carried out at the end of 2012. The project parameters of the ion beams have been achieved. During commissioning of cyclotron the vertical displacement of the beam at the last orbits and at the extraction channel was revealed. The calculations and experiments have shown that the reason of this displacement is the radial component of magnetic field at the median plane of the cyclotron, which appears because of asymmetry of the magnetic yoke. Correction of the vertical displacement of the beam has been achieved by creating an asymmetry of current distribution in the main coils of the electromagnet.

WE3PB04	Transmission of Heavy Ion Beams in the AGOR Cyclotron	ion, cyclotron, target, closed-orbit	420
	A. Sen, S. Brandenburg, M.A. Hofstee KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands M.J. van Goethem UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
	During the acceleration of intense low energy heavy ion beams in the AGOR cyclotron feedback between beam intensity and pressure, driven by beam loss induced desorption, is observed. This feedback limits the attainable beam intensity. Calculations and measurements of the pressure dependent transmission for various beam agree reasonably well. Calculation of the trajectories of ions after a charge change shows that the desorption is mainly due to ions with near extraction energies, hitting the outer wall at a shallow angle of incidence. For heavy ions like ²⁰⁶Pb²⁷⁺ several charge exchanges are needed before the orbit becomes unstable. Our calculations indicate that these ions make thousands of turns before finally hitting the wall. They therefore are a large fraction of the circulating ions and may contribute to vacuum degradation through restgas ionization. Ion induced desorption for relevant ions and materials has been measured; it explains the observations in the cyclotron semi-quantitatively. This work has been financially supported by the Foundation FOM, the Dutch funding agency NWO and the EU-FP7, Grant Agreement n° 262010 - ENSAR.
	Slides WE3PB04 [5.272 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MO1PB01

Acceleration of Intense Heavy Ion Beams in RIBF Cascaded-Cyclotrons

ion, cyclotron, acceleration, extraction

1

N. Fukunishi, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, T. Fujinawa, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

The RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons have obtained, as of December 2012, uranium ion beams with an intensity of as high as 15 pnA (1 kW of power). This was achieved owing to deployment of a 28 GHz ECRIS, a new injector linac, a gas stripper and a bending-power upgrade of RIKEN fixed-frequency Ring Cyclotron as well as improvement of transmission efficiencies through cyclotrons and stability, etc.

Slides MO1PB01 [12.793 MB]

MO2PB03

Progress Toward the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M

ion, ECRIS, cyclotron, injection

22

D.P. May, B.T. Roeder, R.E. Tribble
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
J.E. Ärje
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
The upgrade project at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University continues to make substantial progress toward the goal of providing radioactive beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron. The K150, which will function as a driver, is now used extensively to deliver both light and heavy ion beams for experiments. The ion-guide cave for the production and charge-breeding of low-energy radioactive beams has been constructed, and the light-ion guide (LIG) has been commissioned with an internal radioactive source. The charge breeding electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) has been commissioned with a source of stable 1+ ions, while the injection line leading to the K500 has been commissioned with the injection and acceleration of charge-bred beams. Despite the lack of good field maps, both light and heavy ions beams have been developed for the K150. Progress and plans, including those for the heavy-ion guide (HIG), are presented.

Slides MO2PB03 [9.652 MB]

MO2PB04

Improving the Energy Efficiency, Reliability and Performance of AGOR

cyclotron, ion, controls, cryogenics

25

M.A. Hofstee, S. Brandenburg, H. Post, R.A. Schellekens, J.E. de Jong
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

Over the past few years the nature of the experiments performed with AGOR has changed from long experiments, to sequences of short experiments, often using different beams. In addition the total demand for beamtime has gone down. This has required a change in operating procedures and scheduling. In view of the changing demands, we are continuing our efforts to improve the energy efficiency and reliability of the cyclotron, while at the same time trying to improve performance. While some of the solutions might be unique to our facility, many will have broader applicability. Some case studies will be presented and areas for future improvements identified.

Slides MO2PB04 [2.578 MB]

MOPPT005

Present Status of the RCNP Cyclotron Facility

cyclotron, ion, proton, neutron

40

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, T. Saito, H. Tamura, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

The RCNP cyclotron facility has been stably operated for these years. Demands for heavy ions have been increasing recently. Xe beams were accelerated by the AVF cyclotron for the first time. Developments on components and beam dynamics are presented.

TU1PB04

Status of the RIKEN 28-GHz SC-ECRIS

ion, ion-source, emittance, ECR

139

Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Since we obtained first beam from RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS in 2009, we tried to increase the beam intensity using various methods. Recently, we observed that the use of Al chamber strongly enhanced the beam intensity of highly charged U ion beam. Using this method, we obtained ~180e μA of U³⁵⁺ and ~230e μA of U³³⁺ at the injected RF power of ~3kW with sputtering method. Advantage of this method is that we can insert the large amount of material into the plasma chamber, therefore, we can produce the beam for long term without break. Actually, we already produced intense U beams for the RIBF experiments longer than month without break. For the long term operation, we observed that the consumption rate of the U metal was ~4mg/h. In this spring, we also produced U beam with high temperature oven and two frequencies injection. In these test experiments, we observed that the beam intensity of highly charged U ions is strongly enhanced. In this contribution, we report the various results of the test experiments for production of highly charged U ion beam. We also report the experience of the long term production of the U ion beam for RIKEN RIBF experiments.

Slides TU1PB04 [6.949 MB]

WEPPT002

Optimizing the Operational Parameters of the SFC by Using PSO Algorithm

extraction, proton, injection, cyclotron

320

L.T. Shi, H. Hao, P. Jiang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

HIRFL-SFC is a Sector-Focused Cyclotron, which plays an important role in scientific experiments in IMP. In order to orbit correction and single turn extraction, there are 4 groups of harmonic coils in SFC. But we did not have a program to calculate the current of harmonic coils for different ions. In view of this situation, we developed a program (Orbit-PSO) to calculate it. By using the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the code of orbit calculation, we get the parameters for different beam through comparing with the orbit of 7MeV ¹²C⁴⁺. At the same time, we get the injection energy and voltage of Dee for different ions.

WEPPT008

Correction of Vertical Shifting of Extracted Beam at the Test Operation of DC-110 Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, ion, betatron

338

I.A. Ivanenko, B. Gikal, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V.I. Mironov, E. Samsonov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The specialized heavy ion cyclotron DC-110 has been designed and created by the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research for scientifically industrial complex “BETA” placed in Dubna (Russia). DC-110 cyclotron is intended for accelerating the intense Ar, Kr, Xe ion beams with fixed energy of 2.5 MeV/nucleon. The commissioning of DC-110 cyclotron has been carried out at the end of 2012. The project parameters of the ion beams have been achieved. During commissioning of cyclotron the vertical displacement of the beam at the last orbits and at the extraction channel was revealed. The calculations and experiments have shown that the reason of this displacement is the radial component of magnetic field at the median plane of the cyclotron, which appears because of asymmetry of the magnetic yoke. Correction of the vertical displacement of the beam has been achieved by creating an asymmetry of current distribution in the main coils of the electromagnet.

WE3PB04

Transmission of Heavy Ion Beams in the AGOR Cyclotron

ion, cyclotron, target, closed-orbit

420

A. Sen, S. Brandenburg, M.A. Hofstee
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
M.J. van Goethem
UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands

During the acceleration of intense low energy heavy ion beams in the AGOR cyclotron feedback between beam intensity and pressure, driven by beam loss induced desorption, is observed. This feedback limits the attainable beam intensity. Calculations and measurements of the pressure dependent transmission for various beam agree reasonably well. Calculation of the trajectories of ions after a charge change shows that the desorption is mainly due to ions with near extraction energies, hitting the outer wall at a shallow angle of incidence. For heavy ions like ²⁰⁶Pb²⁷⁺ several charge exchanges are needed before the orbit becomes unstable. Our calculations indicate that these ions make thousands of turns before finally hitting the wall. They therefore are a large fraction of the circulating ions and may contribute to vacuum degradation through restgas ionization. Ion induced desorption for relevant ions and materials has been measured; it explains the observations in the cyclotron semi-quantitatively.
This work has been financially supported by the Foundation FOM, the Dutch funding agency NWO and the EU-FP7, Grant Agreement n° 262010 - ENSAR.

Slides WE3PB04 [5.272 MB]