Cyclotrons2013 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO2PB02	High Current Beam Extraction from the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL	cyclotron, ion, extraction, beam-transport	19
	D.S. Todd, J.Y. Benitez, K.Y. Franzen, M. Kireeff Covo, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, P. Pipersky, M.M. Strohmeier LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The low energy beam transport system and the inflector of the 88-Inch Cyclotron have been improved to provide more intense heavy-ion beams, especially for experiments requiring 48Ca beams. In addition to a new spiral inflector* and increased injection voltage, the injection line beam transport and beam orbit dynamics in the cyclotron have been analyzed, new diagnostics have been developed, and extensive measurements have been performed to improve the transmission efficiency. By coupling diagnostics, such as emittance scanners in the injection line and a radially-adjustable beam viewing scintillator within the cyclotron, with computer simulation we have been able to identify loss mechanisms. The diagnostics used and their findings will be presented. We will discuss the solutions we have employed to address losses, such as changing our approach to tuning VENUS and running the cyclotron's central trim coil asymmetrically. *Ken Yoshiki Franzen, et al. "A center region upgrade of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron", these proceedings
	Slides MO2PB02 [0.824 MB]

MOPPT003	20 Years of JULIC Operation as COSY's Injector Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, septum, synchrotron	34
	R. Gebel, R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Maier, S. Mey, D. Prasuhn FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The accelerator facility COSY/Jülich is based upon availability and performance of the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as pre-accelerator of the 2.88 GeV cooler synchrotron. Since 1993 the cyclotron provides beams in 24/7 operation for more than 6500 hours/year on average. The cyclotron has been in operation since commissioning in 1968 and has reached in total 260000 hours of operation. JULIC provides routinely polarized and unpolarized negatively charged light ions for COSY experiments in the field of fundamental research in hadron, particle and nuclear physics. The ongoing program at the facility foresees increasing usage as a test facility for accelerator research and detector development for realization of FAIR, and other novel experiments on the road map of the Helmholtz Association and international collaborations. In parallel to the operation for COSY the cyclotron beam is used for irradiation and fundamental nuclide production for research purposes. A brief overview of activities at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, the cooler synchrotron COSY and its injector cyclotron JULIC, with focus on recent technical developments, will be presented.

MOPPT007	Recent Progress at the Jyväskylä Cyclotron Laboratory	cyclotron, emittance, ion, quadrupole	43
	P. M.T. Heikkinen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	The use of the K130 cyclotron during the past few years has been normal. The total use of the cyclotron in 2012 was 6441 hours out of which 4610 hours on target. Three quarters of the beam time was devoted to basic nuclear physics research and one quarter for industrial applications, the main industrial application being space electronics testing. Altogether over 20 different isotopes were accelerated in 2012. Beam cocktails for space electronics testing were the most commonly used beams (26 %). Since the first beam in 1992 the total run time for the K130 cyclotron at the end of 2012 was 124’138 hours, and altogether 32 elements (73 isotopes) from p to Au have been accelerated. The MCC30/15 cyclotron will deliver proton and deuteron beams for nuclear physics research and for isotope production. The experimental set-up has been mainly under construction and we have had only a couple of beam tests. Isotope production with the MCC30/15 cyclotron has suffered from severe administrative delays. Finally in December 2012 a preliminary budget study for a GMP laboratory for FDG production (18F) was done. Decisions on the radiopharmaceuticals production at JYFL will be done during 2013.

MOPPT014	Installation and Test Progress for CYCIAE-100	vacuum, ion, cyclotron, extraction	61
	T.J. Zhang, Shizhong. An, F. Yang, H. Yi CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The 100 MeV high intensity compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100 being built at CIAE adopts an external ion source system, accelerates H⁻ ions up to 100 MeV and provides dual proton beams by stripping. The status at different stages, including the preliminary design, technical design and construction preparation, and progress*, was reported at previous conferences. The ground breaking ceremony for the building was conducted in April, 2011. Then in September of 2012, the major systems for the machine, including the 435-ton main magnet, two 46.8 kAT exciting main coils, 200-ton hydraulic elevating system with a precision of 0.02mm, high precision magnetic mapper, the 1.27m high vacuum chamber, two 100kW RF amplifiers, magnet power supplies etc., have been in place for installation. The paper will demonstrate the results of high precision machining and installation of large scale magnet, mapping and shimming with vacuum deformation, study on the multipacting effects and RF conditioning. The test results for the 18mA H⁻ ion source and injection line as well as the cryopanel and vacuum system will also be presented. The first beam is expected in the latter half of this year. ICCA, 2004, Tokyo, Japan ICCA, 2007, Giardini Naxos, Italy *ICCA, 2010, Lanzhou, China

MOPPT016	Configurable 1 MeV Test Stand Cyclotron for High Intensity Injection System Development	injection, cyclotron, ion, diagnostics	67
	F.S. Labrecque, F.S. Grillet, B.F. Milton, L. AC. Piazza, W. Stazyk, S.L. Tarrant BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada J.R. Alonso, D. Campo MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M.M. Maggiore INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	In order to study and optimize the ion source and injection system of our multiple cyclotron products, Best® Cyclotron Systems Inc. (BCSI) has assembled in its Vancouver office a 1 MeV cyclotron development platform. To accommodate different injection line configurations, the main magnet median plane is vertically oriented and rail mounted which also allows easy access to the inner components. In addition, the main magnet central region is equipped with interchangeable magnetic poles, RF elements, and inflector electrodes in order to replicate the features of the simulated cyclotrons. Multiple diagnostic devices are available to fully characterize the beam along the injection line and inside the cyclotron. This paper will describe the design of two system configurations: the 60 MeV H²⁺ for the DAEΔALUS experiment (MIT, BEST, INFN-LNS) and the BCSI 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron.

MOPPT022	Design of New Superconducting Ring Cyclotron for the RIBF	injection, extraction, cyclotron, ion	79
	J. Ohnishi, M. Nakamura, H. Okuno RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	At the RIBF, uranium beams are accelerated up to the energy of 345 MeV per nucleon with a RFQ linac, DTL, and four ring cyclotrons (RRC, fRC, IRC, SRC). However, the present beam current of the uranium is 10-15 pnA at the exit of the SRC, still low, because we have to use two charge strippers located upstream and downstream of the fRC to convert the U³⁵⁺ ions extraced from the 28 GHz ECR ion source to U⁶⁴⁺ and U⁸⁶⁺, respectively. Accordingly, in order to increase the beam current more than tenfold, we performed the design study of the new superconducting ring cyclotron with the K-value of 2200 which can accelerate the U³⁵⁺ ions from 11 MeV/u to 48 MeV/u without the first charge stripper. The number of sector magnets is four and the RF frequency is fixed. The maximum magnetic field strength on the beam orbit is 3.2 T, and the superconducting main coils of the dense winding of NbTi and the trim coils of normal-conducting Cu are used. The total weight of the iron yokes is approximately 4800 t. This paper also describes the beam injection and extraction system which includes one superconducting magnetic channel.

MOPPT032	Status Report and New Developments at iThemba LABS	cyclotron, ion, controls, diagnostics	94
	J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, R.A. Bark, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, J.S. Du Toit, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, H.W. Mostert, J.V. Pilcher, P.F. Rohwer, M. Sakildien, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research facility in the fields of nuclear physics research, neutron therapy, proton therapy and radionuclide production. Three long running projects, the construction of a new ECR ion source, a beam phase measuring system for the separated-sector cyclotron comprising 21 fixed probes and an RF amplitude and phase monitoring system for the 16 RF systems have been completed. The first results will be reported. The status of the newly developed low-level RF control system will be discussed and an interactive magnetic field calculation method for an injector cyclotron, making use of a data base developed from calculations with the computer program TOSCA, will be presented. Plans to save on the power consumption of the accelerators will be reported on. The beam statistics and the progress with the planning of a radioactive ion beam facility will be discussed.

MO4PB02	The IBA Superconducting Synchrocyclotron Project S2C2	extraction, cyclotron, ion, focusing	115
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven, M. Abs, E. Forton, S. Henrotin, Y. Jongen, V. Nuttens, Y. Paradis, E.E. Pearson, S. Quets, P. Verbruggen, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon AIMA, Nice, France
	In 2009 IBA decided to start the development of a compact superconducting synchrocyclotron as a proton-source for the small footprint proton therapy system called Proteus One ®. The cyclotron has been completely designed and constructed and is currently under commissioning at the IBA factory. Its design and commissioning results will be presented.
	Slides MO4PB02 [21.175 MB]

TU1PB01	High Intensity Operation for Heavy Ion Cyclotron of Highly Charged ECR Ion Sources	ion, ECRIS, cyclotron, ECR	125
	L.T. Sun IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Modern advanced ECR ion source can provide stable and reliable high charge state ion beams for the routine operation of a cyclotron, which has made it irreplaceable, particularly with regard to the performance and efficiency that a cyclotron complex could achieve with the ion source. The 3rd generation ECR ion sources that can produce higher charge state and more intense ion beams have been developed and put into cyclotron operation since early 21st century. They have provided the privilege for the cyclotron performance improvement that has never been met before, especially in term of the delivered beam intensity and energy, which has greatly promoted the experimental research in nuclear physics. This paper will have a brief review about the development of modern high performance high charge state ECR ion sources. Typical advanced high charge state ECR ion sources with fully superconducting magnet, such as SERSE, VENUS, SECRAL, SuSI and RIKEN SC-ECRIS will be presented, and their high intensity operation status for cyclotrons will be introduced as well.
	Slides TU1PB01 [20.645 MB]

TU1PB02	Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Development	ion, ECRIS, plasma, ECR	130
	T. Thuillier LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Trends in ECR ion source development and perspectives for performance improvement.
	Slides TU1PB02 [8.635 MB]

TU1PB04	Status of the RIKEN 28-GHz SC-ECRIS	ion, emittance, ECR, heavy-ion	139
	Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Since we obtained first beam from RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS in 2009, we tried to increase the beam intensity using various methods. Recently, we observed that the use of Al chamber strongly enhanced the beam intensity of highly charged U ion beam. Using this method, we obtained ~180e μA of U³⁵⁺ and ~230e μA of U³³⁺ at the injected RF power of ~3kW with sputtering method. Advantage of this method is that we can insert the large amount of material into the plasma chamber, therefore, we can produce the beam for long term without break. Actually, we already produced intense U beams for the RIBF experiments longer than month without break. For the long term operation, we observed that the consumption rate of the U metal was ~4mg/h. In this spring, we also produced U beam with high temperature oven and two frequencies injection. In these test experiments, we observed that the beam intensity of highly charged U ions is strongly enhanced. In this contribution, we report the various results of the test experiments for production of highly charged U ion beam. We also report the experience of the long term production of the U ion beam for RIKEN RIBF experiments.
	Slides TU1PB04 [6.949 MB]

TU2PB02	The New Axial Buncher at INFN-LNS	cyclotron, controls, impedance, vacuum	147
	A.C. Caruso, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy F. Consoli Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Frascati (Rome), Italy P.Z. Li CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China J. Sura Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
	A new axial buncher for the K-800 superconducting cyclotron is under construction at LNS. This new device will replace the present buncher installed along the vertical beam line, inside the yoke of the cyclotron at about half a metre from the medium plane. Maintenance and technical inspection are very difficult to carry out in this situation. The new buncher will still be placed along the axial beam line, just before the bottom side of the cyclotron yoke. It consists of a drift tube driven by a sinusoidal RF signal in the range of 15-50 MHz, a matching box, an amplifier, and an electronic control system. A more accurate mechanical design of the beam line portion will allow for the direct electric connection of the matching box to the ceramic feed-through and drift tube. This particular design will minimize, or totally avoid, any connection through coaxial transmission line. It will reduce the entire geometry, the total RF power and the maintenance. In brief, the new axial buncher will be a compact system including beam line portion, drift tube, ceramic feed-through, matching box, amplifier and control system interface in a single structure.
	Slides TU2PB02 [7.623 MB]

TUPPT009	Development of Rapid Emittance Measurement System	emittance, ion, controls, cyclotron	171
	K. Kamakura, M. Fukuda, N. Hamatani, K. Hatanaka, M. Kibayashi, S. Morinobu, K. Nagayama, T. Saito, H. Tamura, H. Ueda, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	We have developed a new system to measure the beam emittance. With our conventional emittance measurement system, it takes about 30 minutes to get emittances in both the horizontal and vertical plane. For quick measurements, we have developed a new system consisting of a fast moving slit with a fixed width and a BPM83 (rotating wire beam profile monitor). BPM83 uses a rotating helical wire made of tungsten, the speed is 18 rps. Fast moving slit consists of a shielding plate with two slits, and is inserted into the beam path at an angle of 45 degrees. The slit is driven by PLC controlled stepping motor, and it takes 70 seconds to move the full stroke of 290 mm. While moving the slit, the output from BPM83 and the voltage of potentiometer that corresponds to the slit position are recorded simultaneously. We are using CAMAC for data acquisition. Trigger signals are generated by BPM83 and NIM modules. Data analysis takes about 1 second. With this system we can get the horizontal and vertical emittance plots within 75 seconds. This system will definitely make it easier to optimize parameters of ion sources and the beam transport system.

TUPPT014	Characterization of the Versatile Ion Source (VIS) for the Production of Monocharged Light Ion Beams	plasma, ion, electron, proton	183
	L. Celona, L. Calabretta, G. Castro, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Castro Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy F. Di Bartolo INFN & Messina University, S. Agata, Messina, Italy
	Funding: The support of the 5th National Committee of INFN is gratefully acknowledged. The Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is an off-resonance Microwave Discharge Ion Source which produces a slightly overdense plasma at 2.45 GHz of pumping frequency. In the measurements carried out at INFN-LNS in the last two years, VIS was able to produce more than 50 mA of proton beams and He⁺ beams at 65 kV, while for H²⁺ a current of 15 mA was obtained. The know-how obtained with the VIS source has been useful for the design of the proton source of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund, Sweden, and it will be used also for other facilities. In particular, the design modifications of the VIS source under study at INFN-LNS, in order to use the new source as the injector of H²⁺ at the ISODAR facility, will be also presented.

TUPPT015	A Center Region Upgrade of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, injection, focusing	186
	K. Yoshiki Franzen, J.Y. Benitez, M.K. Covo, A. Hodgkinson, C.M. Lyneis, B. Ninemire, L. Phair, P. Pipersky, M.M. Strohmeier, D.S. Todd LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA D. Leitner NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	This paper describes the design and results of an upgraded cyclotron center region in which a mirror field type inflector was replaced by a spiral inflector. The main goals of the design were a) to facilitate injection at higher energies in order to improve transmission efficiency and b) to reduce down-time due to the need of replacing mirror inflector wires which rapidly break when exposed to high beam currents. The design was based on a detailed model of the spiral inflector and matching center region electrodes using AMaze, a 3D finite element suite of codes. Tests showed promising results indicating that the 88-Inch cyclotron will be able to provide a 2.0 pμA beam of 250 MeV 48Ca ions.

TUPPT018	Critical Analysis of Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources for Cyclotrons	ion, plasma, cyclotron, electron	192
	S. Korenev Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA
	The ion sources for cyclotrons based on negative hydrogen ions found applications as basic injectors for cyclotrons. The main important questions of negative hydrogen ion sources are following: i) method of production for negative hydrogen ions, ii) the extraction of ions and iii) separation of negative ions from electrons. Among of ion internal and external ion sources the common question is efficiency for production of negative hydrogen ions and increasing of kinetic energy of these ions. The critical analysis of different ions sources (PIG, Multicusps, etc.) is given. The comparison of these ion sources regarding applications for industrial cyclotrons for production of medical isotopes is presented in the paper.
	Poster TUPPT018 [0.231 MB]

TUPPT019	Development Study of Penning Ion Source for Compact 9 MeV Cyclotron	ion, electron, cathode, plasma	195
	Y.H. Yeon, J.-S. Chai, T.V. Cong, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, S.Y. Jung, H.S. Kim, H.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, S.H. Lee, Y.S. Lee, X.J. Mu, S.Y. Oh, S. Shin SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This research was supported by WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-2008-10029). Penning Ion Gauge(PIG) have been used in internal source for cyclotron. PIG source for internal source of 9 MeV cyclotron produces H⁻ ion. This source consists of cold cathode which discharges electrons for producing H⁻ ion and anode for making plasma wall. Cold cathode material tantalum was used for emitting electrons and tungsten copper alloy was used for anode. The size of PIG source is related to size of cyclotron magnet. Optimization of cathode and anode location and sizing were needed for simplifying this source for reducing the size of compact cyclotron. Transportation of electrons and number of secondary electrons has been calculated by CST particle studio. Motion of H2 gas has been calculated by ANSYS. Calculation of PIG source in 9 MeV cyclotron has been performed by using various chimneys with different size of expansion gap between the plasma boundary and the chimney wall. In this paper design process and experiment result is reported.

TUPPT022	A 20 mA H⁻ Ion Source with Accel-Accel-Decel Extraction System at TRIUMF	extraction, ion, emittance, TRIUMF	198
	K. Jayamanna, I. Aguilar, I.V. Bylinskii, G. Cojocaru, R.L. Dube, R.K. Laplante, W. L. Louie, M. Lovera, M. Minato, M. Mouat, S. Saminathan, T.M. Tateyama, E. Tikhomolov TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	During the last three decades, TRIUMF has developed H⁻ cusp ion sources for the 500 MeV, TR30, TR13 cyclotrons, as well as many other machines. These ion sources can be categorized as high current versions, producing up to 20mA of CW H⁻ beam within a normalized emittance (4RMS) of 0.6 π-mm-mrad. A new accel-accel-decel extraction system is being developed in order to run the source at optimum source extraction voltage for a large range of beam energies with minimal impact on beam properties. With this extraction system, beam energy can be as low as ~1keV and as high as 60keV while source extraction voltage can be at its optimum within 90kV. The source performances, as well as relevant emittance measurements, are discussed.

WE1PB03	COLUMBUS - A Small Cyclotron for School and Teaching Purposes	cyclotron, vacuum, ion, impedance	296
	C.R. Wolf FZJ, Jülich, Germany M. J. Frank, E. Held Ernes, Coburg, Germany
	A small cyclotron has been constructed for school- and teaching purposes. The cyclotron uses a water-cooled magnet with adjustable pole-pieces. The magnet provides a field up to 0,7 T. Between the two poles the vacuum chamber is positioned. The vacuum chamber provides ports for the different subsystems, measuring tools and some viewports. A turbo molecular pump backed up by a dry compressor vacuum pump is used to evacuate the chamber to a pressure of 10^-5 mbar. The ions will be accelerated between two brass RF electrodes, called dee and dummy-dee. In the center of the chamber there is a thermionic ion source. A massflow controller fills it with hydrogen gas ionized by electrons from a cathode. The required 5,63 MHz RF power is supplied by a RF transceiver. A matchingbox adjusts the output impedance of the transceiver to the input impedance of the cyclotron. The expected final energies of the protons are 24 keV after 12 revolutions. At these energies there is no radiation outside the chamber. In addition to the design of this cyclotron it is the purpose of this dissertation to use standard devices to realize a low-cost solution.
	Slides WE1PB03 [6.246 MB]

WE1PB05	The Cyclotron Kids' 2 MeV Proton Cyclotron	cyclotron, vacuum, ion, target	302
	H. Baumgartner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Two high school students (the "Cyclotron Kids") decided they wanted to build a small cyclotron by themselves in 2008. After researching and designing on their own, they looked for a way to fund their science project. After the students sent out tens of letters looking for sponsors, Jefferson Lab replied, offering funding and mentorship. Over several summers, the students worked at Jefferson Lab to take the cyclotron from the drawing board to near-completion. The cyclotron is now at Old Dominion University, where it will be used as an educational tool in the accelerator physics program.
	Slides WE1PB05 [4.545 MB]

WEPPT009	Transverse Phase-Space Distributions of Low Energy Ion Beams Extracted from an ECR Ion Source	ion, emittance, simulation, extraction	341
	S. Saminathan TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, H.R. Kremers, V. Mironov KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Transverse phase-space distributions of low-energy ion beams extracted from ECR ion sources often show higher-order effects caused by ion-optical aberrations. Understanding these effects is mandatory to keep emittance growth and the resulting beam losses in low-energy beam transport lines under control. We present the results of an experimental and theoretical study of beam extraction and transport in the AGOR injection line at KVI. Particle tracking simulations have been performed of a multi-component neon ion beam extracted from an ECR ion source to calculate 4D phase-space distributions at various positions along the beamline. The simulations compare well with beam profile and emittance measurements.

WEPPT017	Beam Tracking Simulation for a 9 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, acceleration, extraction, ion	356
	S.Y. Jung, J.-S. Chai, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, Y.S. Lee, H.S. Song, Y.H. Yeon SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Following the adoption of internal PIG ion source making cyclotron more compact, the delicate beam trajectory simulation is required. In this paper, the optimization of initial condition of H-beam for the stable and well-controlled beam until the extraction region is reported. To accommodate the beam, the electromagnetic field distribution was analyzed by OPERA-3D and its phase error was verified with CYCLONE v8.4. In each iterative design, the beam trajectory was calculated by own developed numerical code to estimate its performance. The beam characteristics including the beam orbit, centering, energy gain and RF acceptance for vertical and horizontal directions were evaluated.

WEPPT021	Columbus - A Simple Ion Source	ion, cyclotron, proton, electron	364
	M. J. Frank, E. Held, C.R. Wolf Ernes, Coburg, Germany
	An ion source provides a cyclotron with charged particles which can be accelerated by an electric field. The simpelst possibility is a thermionic ion-source. Electrons emitted from a white-hot tungsten filament, placed in a ceramic block of macor, are accelerated by a dc voltage of 100 - 150 V and constraint to a spiral path by the homogenous magnetic field of the cyclotron. They collide with hydrogen atoms and ionisize them. The ceramic block is covered by tube made of copper in which the ions raise up. They enter the gap between the dees through a small aperture in tube. The ion source is mounted under the dummy-dee, so its position can be changed to find the best place. The hydrogen gas is stored in a Hydro-stick, a small tube which contains 10 l of Hydrogen under a pressure of 10 bar. From here it enters the ion source by a mass-flow controller which enables accurate dosing.
	Poster WEPPT021 [1.640 MB]

WEPPT024	Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron: Dedicated to Training Through Research and Development	cyclotron, ion, cathode, proton	366
	T.W. Koeth, J.E. Krutzler, T.S. Ponter, A.J. Rosenberg, W.S. Schneider Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA D.E. Hoffman PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	The Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron is a 1.2 MeV proton accelerator dedicated to beam physics instruction.[1] The 12-inch cyclotron project began as a personal pursuit for two Rutgers undergraduate students in 1995 and was incorporated into the Modern Physics Teaching Lab in 2001.[2] Since then, student projects have been contributing to the cyclotron’s evolution through development of accelerator components. Most of the Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron components have been designed and built in house, thus giving its students a research and development introduction to the field of accelerator physics and associated hardware. [1] www.physics.rutgers.edu/cyclotron [2] T. Feder, “Building a Cyclotron on a Shoe String,” Physics Today, 30-31 (November 2004)

WEPSH008	Characterization of the CS30 Cyclotron at KFSH&RC for Radiotherapy Applications	proton, cyclotron, target, ion	400
	B.M. Moftah Belal Moftah, PhD, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia S. Aldelaijan, F.M. Alrumayan, F. Alzorkani, S. Devic, M. Shehadeh King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Grant No 11-BIO1428-20 The 26.5 MeV beam of the CS30 Cyclotron at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) was characterized dosimetrically for the use in radiobiological experiments for pre-clinical and radiotherapy studies. Position of the beam’s Bragg peak was measured with a stack of 60 pieces of HDV2 model GAFCHROMICTM films (105 microns thick each). This film type was specifically designed for measurement of very high doses, ranging up to 1,000 Gy. Output of the proton beam was calibrated using IAEA TRS-398 reference dosimetry protocol with calibrated parallel plate chamber in water. The response of the film was calibrated in terms of dose to water by exposing calibration film pieces within a solid water phantom. The position of the Bragg peak was found to be at around 6 mm when 10 to 20 nA proton beam current was used. Pieces of radiochromic film were irradiated at 40, 70 and 100 cm from the primary collimator, where the Gaussian shaped beam profiles had values of 12, 26, 45 mm FWHM respectively. Proton beam characteristics in terms of the output and beam size appear to be acceptable for pre-clinical studies.

WEPSH010	Proton Therapy at the Institut Curie – CPO: Operation of an IBA C235 Cyclotron Looking Forward Scanning Techniques	cyclotron, ion, proton, extraction	403
	A. Patriarca, S.J. Meyroneinc Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Orsay, France
	Since 1991, more than 6100 patients (mainly eye and head & neck tumours) were treated at the Institut Curie – Centre de Protonthèrapie d’Orsay using Double Scattering proton beam delivery technique. After 19 years of activity, a 200 MeV synchrocyclotron has been shut down and replaced by a 230 MeV C235 IBA proton cyclotron. This delivers beam to two passive fixed treatment rooms and to one universal nozzle equipped gantry. In the past two years of operation more than 95.5% of the scheduled patients (near 500/year) were treated. We have realised, according to IBA recommendations, preventive maintenance (i.e. RF final amplifier) and we have improved some diagnostic tools (i.e. Main Coil monitoring) allowing us to reduce the number of downtime events from 499 in 2011 to 351 in 2012. In order to improve cancer treatment capabilities we are now involved in the transition towards scanning particle therapy, requiring even more accurate quality assurance protocols. We describe here the main cyclotron issues (ion source, deflector) and what is needed to perform a proper scanning technique, the main goal being the enhancement of our reliability performances.

WE4PB03	Optimizing the Radioisotope Production with a Weak Focusing Compact Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, focusing, vacuum	429
	C. Oliver, P. Abramian, B. Ahedo, P. Arce, J.M. Barcala, J. Calero, E. Calvo, L. García-Tabarés, D. Gavela, A. Guirao, J.L. Gutiérrez, J.I. Lagares, L.M. Martinez Fresno, T. Martínez de Alvaro, E. Molina Marinas, J. Munilla, D. Obradors-Campos, F.J. Olivert, J.M. Perez Morales, I. Podadera, E. Rodriguez, L. Sanchez, F. Sansaloni, F. Toral, C. Vázquez CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	A classical weak focusing cyclotron can result in a simple and compact design for the radioisotope production for medical applications. Two main drawbacks arise from this type of machine. The energy limit imposed by the non RF-particle isochronism requires a careful design of the acceleration process, resulting in challenging requirements for the RF system. On the other hand, the weak focusing forces produced by the slightly decreasing magnetic field make essential to model the central region of the machine to improve the electric focalization with a reasonable phase acceptance. A complete analysis of the different beam losses, including vacuum stripping, has been performed. The main cyclotron parameters have been obtained by balancing the maximum energy we can obtain and the maximum beam transmission, resulting in an optimum radioisotope production.
	Slides WE4PB03 [2.904 MB]

TH1PB01	Operational Experience at the Intensity Limit in Compact Cyclotrons	cyclotron, target, extraction, ion	432
	G. Cojocaru, J.C. Lofvendahl TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Compact cyclotrons are a cost-efficient choice for medical radioisotope production since negative hydrogen ions can be used at energies well below 100MeV. The stripping extraction technique allows quite large circulating currents without the need for separated turns. Space charge limits are in the range of 1 to 2 mA, but operating for long periods at these levels is a challenge for many reasons, among them being the sputtering of metal surfaces where unaccepted beam is deposited. These limits and others observed during our 22 years of 24hours/365days of quasi continuous operation of TR30 cyclotrons will be explored.
	Slides TH1PB01 [8.602 MB]

TH2PB03	The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron a Summary of Current Particles and Energies Used in Therapy, Isotope Production, and Clinical Research	cyclotron, proton, target, neutron	454
	E.F. Dorman, R.C. Emery University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
	The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron (UWCC) is a Scanditronix MC-50 compact cyclotron installed in 1983. The cyclotron has now been in operation for 30 years. The unique nature of the cyclotron is its variable frequency RF system, and dual ion source chimneys; it is also capable to produce other particles and energies. Our facility is now sharing beam time between multiple users: Fast Neutron radiotherapy. Development of a Precision Proton Radiotherapy Platform. In vivo verification of precision proton radiotherapy with positron emission tomography. Routine production of 211-At. Routine production of 117m-Sn. Cyclotron based 99m-Tc production. Cyclotron based 186-Re production. Proton beam extracted into air, demonstrating a visual Bragg peak. Neutron hardness for electronic subsystems. These multiple projects show the uniqueness of our facility and our commitment to therapy, radioisotope research and production, and clinical investigations. Currently Running Protons (H⁺) 50.5 MeV/75μA, 50 MeV/5-10pA, 35 MeV/3-5 pA 16, 18, 24, 28 MeV/30μA, Protons (H²⁺) 6.8 MeV/300nA, Deuterons (D⁺) 18, 20, 22, 24 MeV/30μA, Alphas (4He++) 29.0 MeV/50μA, 47.3 MeV/70μA.
	Slides TH2PB03 [11.400 MB]

FR1PB04	GANIL Operation Status and Upgrade of SPIRAL1	ion, target, acceleration, cyclotron	470
	O. Kamalou, O. Bajeat, F. Chautard, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, P. Jardin, L. Maunoury GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility. It is running since 2001, producing and post-accelerating radioactive ion beams of noble gas type mainly. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2013 is presented. Due to a large request of physicists, the facility will be enhanced within the frame of the project Upgrade SPIRAL1. The goal of the project is to broaden the range of post-accelerated exotic beams available especially to all the condensable light elements as P, Mg, Al, Cl etc The upgrade of SPIRAL1 is in progress and the new beams would be delivered for operation by the end of 2015.
	Slides FR1PB04 [1.514 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MO2PB02

High Current Beam Extraction from the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL

cyclotron, ion, extraction, beam-transport

19

D.S. Todd, J.Y. Benitez, K.Y. Franzen, M. Kireeff Covo, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, P. Pipersky, M.M. Strohmeier
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The low energy beam transport system and the inflector of the 88-Inch Cyclotron have been improved to provide more intense heavy-ion beams, especially for experiments requiring 48Ca beams. In addition to a new spiral inflector* and increased injection voltage, the injection line beam transport and beam orbit dynamics in the cyclotron have been analyzed, new diagnostics have been developed, and extensive measurements have been performed to improve the transmission efficiency. By coupling diagnostics, such as emittance scanners in the injection line and a radially-adjustable beam viewing scintillator within the cyclotron, with computer simulation we have been able to identify loss mechanisms. The diagnostics used and their findings will be presented. We will discuss the solutions we have employed to address losses, such as changing our approach to tuning VENUS and running the cyclotron's central trim coil asymmetrically.
*Ken Yoshiki Franzen, et al. "A center region upgrade of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron", these proceedings

Slides MO2PB02 [0.824 MB]

MOPPT003

20 Years of JULIC Operation as COSY's Injector Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, septum, synchrotron

34

R. Gebel, R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Maier, S. Mey, D. Prasuhn
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The accelerator facility COSY/Jülich is based upon availability and performance of the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as pre-accelerator of the 2.88 GeV cooler synchrotron. Since 1993 the cyclotron provides beams in 24/7 operation for more than 6500 hours/year on average. The cyclotron has been in operation since commissioning in 1968 and has reached in total 260000 hours of operation. JULIC provides routinely polarized and unpolarized negatively charged light ions for COSY experiments in the field of fundamental research in hadron, particle and nuclear physics. The ongoing program at the facility foresees increasing usage as a test facility for accelerator research and detector development for realization of FAIR, and other novel experiments on the road map of the Helmholtz Association and international collaborations. In parallel to the operation for COSY the cyclotron beam is used for irradiation and fundamental nuclide production for research purposes. A brief overview of activities at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, the cooler synchrotron COSY and its injector cyclotron JULIC, with focus on recent technical developments, will be presented.

MOPPT007

Recent Progress at the Jyväskylä Cyclotron Laboratory

cyclotron, emittance, ion, quadrupole

43

P. M.T. Heikkinen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

The use of the K130 cyclotron during the past few years has been normal. The total use of the cyclotron in 2012 was 6441 hours out of which 4610 hours on target. Three quarters of the beam time was devoted to basic nuclear physics research and one quarter for industrial applications, the main industrial application being space electronics testing. Altogether over 20 different isotopes were accelerated in 2012. Beam cocktails for space electronics testing were the most commonly used beams (26 %). Since the first beam in 1992 the total run time for the K130 cyclotron at the end of 2012 was 124’138 hours, and altogether 32 elements (73 isotopes) from p to Au have been accelerated. The MCC30/15 cyclotron will deliver proton and deuteron beams for nuclear physics research and for isotope production. The experimental set-up has been mainly under construction and we have had only a couple of beam tests. Isotope production with the MCC30/15 cyclotron has suffered from severe administrative delays. Finally in December 2012 a preliminary budget study for a GMP laboratory for FDG production (18F) was done. Decisions on the radiopharmaceuticals production at JYFL will be done during 2013.

MOPPT014

Installation and Test Progress for CYCIAE-100

vacuum, ion, cyclotron, extraction

61

T.J. Zhang, Shizhong. An, F. Yang, H. Yi
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The 100 MeV high intensity compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100 being built at CIAE adopts an external ion source system, accelerates H⁻ ions up to 100 MeV and provides dual proton beams by stripping. The status at different stages, including the preliminary design*, technical design and construction preparation**, and progress***, was reported at previous conferences. The ground breaking ceremony for the building was conducted in April, 2011. Then in September of 2012, the major systems for the machine, including the 435-ton main magnet, two 46.8 kAT exciting main coils, 200-ton hydraulic elevating system with a precision of 0.02mm, high precision magnetic mapper, the 1.27m high vacuum chamber, two 100kW RF amplifiers, magnet power supplies etc., have been in place for installation. The paper will demonstrate the results of high precision machining and installation of large scale magnet, mapping and shimming with vacuum deformation, study on the multipacting effects and RF conditioning. The test results for the 18mA H⁻ ion source and injection line as well as the cryopanel and vacuum system will also be presented. The first beam is expected in the latter half of this year.
*ICCA, 2004, Tokyo, Japan
**ICCA, 2007, Giardini Naxos, Italy
***ICCA, 2010, Lanzhou, China

MOPPT016

Configurable 1 MeV Test Stand Cyclotron for High Intensity Injection System Development

injection, cyclotron, ion, diagnostics

67

F.S. Labrecque, F.S. Grillet, B.F. Milton, L. AC. Piazza, W. Stazyk, S.L. Tarrant
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
J.R. Alonso, D. Campo
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M.M. Maggiore
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

In order to study and optimize the ion source and injection system of our multiple cyclotron products, Best® Cyclotron Systems Inc. (BCSI) has assembled in its Vancouver office a 1 MeV cyclotron development platform. To accommodate different injection line configurations, the main magnet median plane is vertically oriented and rail mounted which also allows easy access to the inner components. In addition, the main magnet central region is equipped with interchangeable magnetic poles, RF elements, and inflector electrodes in order to replicate the features of the simulated cyclotrons. Multiple diagnostic devices are available to fully characterize the beam along the injection line and inside the cyclotron. This paper will describe the design of two system configurations: the 60 MeV H²⁺ for the DAEΔALUS experiment (MIT, BEST, INFN-LNS) and the BCSI 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron.

MOPPT022

Design of New Superconducting Ring Cyclotron for the RIBF

injection, extraction, cyclotron, ion

79

J. Ohnishi, M. Nakamura, H. Okuno
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

At the RIBF, uranium beams are accelerated up to the energy of 345 MeV per nucleon with a RFQ linac, DTL, and four ring cyclotrons (RRC, fRC, IRC, SRC). However, the present beam current of the uranium is 10-15 pnA at the exit of the SRC, still low, because we have to use two charge strippers located upstream and downstream of the fRC to convert the U³⁵⁺ ions extraced from the 28 GHz ECR ion source to U⁶⁴⁺ and U⁸⁶⁺, respectively. Accordingly, in order to increase the beam current more than tenfold, we performed the design study of the new superconducting ring cyclotron with the K-value of 2200 which can accelerate the U³⁵⁺ ions from 11 MeV/u to 48 MeV/u without the first charge stripper. The number of sector magnets is four and the RF frequency is fixed. The maximum magnetic field strength on the beam orbit is 3.2 T, and the superconducting main coils of the dense winding of NbTi and the trim coils of normal-conducting Cu are used. The total weight of the iron yokes is approximately 4800 t. This paper also describes the beam injection and extraction system which includes one superconducting magnetic channel.

MOPPT032

Status Report and New Developments at iThemba LABS

cyclotron, ion, controls, diagnostics

94

J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, R.A. Bark, J.C. Cornell, J.G. De Villiers, H. Du Plessis, J.S. Du Toit, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, H.W. Mostert, J.V. Pilcher, P.F. Rohwer, M. Sakildien, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

iThemba LABS is a multidisciplinary research facility in the fields of nuclear physics research, neutron therapy, proton therapy and radionuclide production. Three long running projects, the construction of a new ECR ion source, a beam phase measuring system for the separated-sector cyclotron comprising 21 fixed probes and an RF amplitude and phase monitoring system for the 16 RF systems have been completed. The first results will be reported. The status of the newly developed low-level RF control system will be discussed and an interactive magnetic field calculation method for an injector cyclotron, making use of a data base developed from calculations with the computer program TOSCA, will be presented. Plans to save on the power consumption of the accelerators will be reported on. The beam statistics and the progress with the planning of a radioactive ion beam facility will be discussed.

MO4PB02

The IBA Superconducting Synchrocyclotron Project S2C2

extraction, cyclotron, ion, focusing

115

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, M. Abs, E. Forton, S. Henrotin, Y. Jongen, V. Nuttens, Y. Paradis, E.E. Pearson, S. Quets, P. Verbruggen, S. Zaremba, J. van de Walle
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon
AIMA, Nice, France

In 2009 IBA decided to start the development of a compact superconducting synchrocyclotron as a proton-source for the small footprint proton therapy system called Proteus One ®. The cyclotron has been completely designed and constructed and is currently under commissioning at the IBA factory. Its design and commissioning results will be presented.

Slides MO4PB02 [21.175 MB]

TU1PB01

High Intensity Operation for Heavy Ion Cyclotron of Highly Charged ECR Ion Sources

ion, ECRIS, cyclotron, ECR

125

L.T. Sun
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Modern advanced ECR ion source can provide stable and reliable high charge state ion beams for the routine operation of a cyclotron, which has made it irreplaceable, particularly with regard to the performance and efficiency that a cyclotron complex could achieve with the ion source. The 3rd generation ECR ion sources that can produce higher charge state and more intense ion beams have been developed and put into cyclotron operation since early 21st century. They have provided the privilege for the cyclotron performance improvement that has never been met before, especially in term of the delivered beam intensity and energy, which has greatly promoted the experimental research in nuclear physics. This paper will have a brief review about the development of modern high performance high charge state ECR ion sources. Typical advanced high charge state ECR ion sources with fully superconducting magnet, such as SERSE, VENUS, SECRAL, SuSI and RIKEN SC-ECRIS will be presented, and their high intensity operation status for cyclotrons will be introduced as well.

Slides TU1PB01 [20.645 MB]

TU1PB02

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Development

ion, ECRIS, plasma, ECR

130

T. Thuillier
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Trends in ECR ion source development and perspectives for performance improvement.

Slides TU1PB02 [8.635 MB]

TU1PB04

Status of the RIKEN 28-GHz SC-ECRIS

ion, emittance, ECR, heavy-ion

139

Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Since we obtained first beam from RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS in 2009, we tried to increase the beam intensity using various methods. Recently, we observed that the use of Al chamber strongly enhanced the beam intensity of highly charged U ion beam. Using this method, we obtained ~180e μA of U³⁵⁺ and ~230e μA of U³³⁺ at the injected RF power of ~3kW with sputtering method. Advantage of this method is that we can insert the large amount of material into the plasma chamber, therefore, we can produce the beam for long term without break. Actually, we already produced intense U beams for the RIBF experiments longer than month without break. For the long term operation, we observed that the consumption rate of the U metal was ~4mg/h. In this spring, we also produced U beam with high temperature oven and two frequencies injection. In these test experiments, we observed that the beam intensity of highly charged U ions is strongly enhanced. In this contribution, we report the various results of the test experiments for production of highly charged U ion beam. We also report the experience of the long term production of the U ion beam for RIKEN RIBF experiments.

Slides TU1PB04 [6.949 MB]

TU2PB02

The New Axial Buncher at INFN-LNS

cyclotron, controls, impedance, vacuum

147

A.C. Caruso, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
F. Consoli
Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Frascati (Rome), Italy
P.Z. Li
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Sura
Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

A new axial buncher for the K-800 superconducting cyclotron is under construction at LNS. This new device will replace the present buncher installed along the vertical beam line, inside the yoke of the cyclotron at about half a metre from the medium plane. Maintenance and technical inspection are very difficult to carry out in this situation. The new buncher will still be placed along the axial beam line, just before the bottom side of the cyclotron yoke. It consists of a drift tube driven by a sinusoidal RF signal in the range of 15-50 MHz, a matching box, an amplifier, and an electronic control system. A more accurate mechanical design of the beam line portion will allow for the direct electric connection of the matching box to the ceramic feed-through and drift tube. This particular design will minimize, or totally avoid, any connection through coaxial transmission line. It will reduce the entire geometry, the total RF power and the maintenance. In brief, the new axial buncher will be a compact system including beam line portion, drift tube, ceramic feed-through, matching box, amplifier and control system interface in a single structure.

Slides TU2PB02 [7.623 MB]

TUPPT009

Development of Rapid Emittance Measurement System

emittance, ion, controls, cyclotron

171

K. Kamakura, M. Fukuda, N. Hamatani, K. Hatanaka, M. Kibayashi, S. Morinobu, K. Nagayama, T. Saito, H. Tamura, H. Ueda, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We have developed a new system to measure the beam emittance. With our conventional emittance measurement system, it takes about 30 minutes to get emittances in both the horizontal and vertical plane. For quick measurements, we have developed a new system consisting of a fast moving slit with a fixed width and a BPM83 (rotating wire beam profile monitor). BPM83 uses a rotating helical wire made of tungsten, the speed is 18 rps. Fast moving slit consists of a shielding plate with two slits, and is inserted into the beam path at an angle of 45 degrees. The slit is driven by PLC controlled stepping motor, and it takes 70 seconds to move the full stroke of 290 mm. While moving the slit, the output from BPM83 and the voltage of potentiometer that corresponds to the slit position are recorded simultaneously. We are using CAMAC for data acquisition. Trigger signals are generated by BPM83 and NIM modules. Data analysis takes about 1 second. With this system we can get the horizontal and vertical emittance plots within 75 seconds. This system will definitely make it easier to optimize parameters of ion sources and the beam transport system.

TUPPT014

Characterization of the Versatile Ion Source (VIS) for the Production of Monocharged Light Ion Beams

plasma, ion, electron, proton

183

L. Celona, L. Calabretta, G. Castro, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Castro
Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy
F. Di Bartolo
INFN & Messina University, S. Agata, Messina, Italy

Funding: The support of the 5th National Committee of INFN is gratefully acknowledged.
The Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is an off-resonance Microwave Discharge Ion Source which produces a slightly overdense plasma at 2.45 GHz of pumping frequency. In the measurements carried out at INFN-LNS in the last two years, VIS was able to produce more than 50 mA of proton beams and He⁺ beams at 65 kV, while for H²⁺ a current of 15 mA was obtained. The know-how obtained with the VIS source has been useful for the design of the proton source of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund, Sweden, and it will be used also for other facilities. In particular, the design modifications of the VIS source under study at INFN-LNS, in order to use the new source as the injector of H²⁺ at the ISODAR facility, will be also presented.

TUPPT015

A Center Region Upgrade of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, injection, focusing

186

K. Yoshiki Franzen, J.Y. Benitez, M.K. Covo, A. Hodgkinson, C.M. Lyneis, B. Ninemire, L. Phair, P. Pipersky, M.M. Strohmeier, D.S. Todd
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
D. Leitner
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

This paper describes the design and results of an upgraded cyclotron center region in which a mirror field type inflector was replaced by a spiral inflector. The main goals of the design were a) to facilitate injection at higher energies in order to improve transmission efficiency and b) to reduce down-time due to the need of replacing mirror inflector wires which rapidly break when exposed to high beam currents. The design was based on a detailed model of the spiral inflector and matching center region electrodes using AMaze, a 3D finite element suite of codes. Tests showed promising results indicating that the 88-Inch cyclotron will be able to provide a 2.0 pμA beam of 250 MeV 48Ca ions.

TUPPT018

Critical Analysis of Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources for Cyclotrons

ion, plasma, cyclotron, electron

192

S. Korenev
Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA

The ion sources for cyclotrons based on negative hydrogen ions found applications as basic injectors for cyclotrons. The main important questions of negative hydrogen ion sources are following: i) method of production for negative hydrogen ions, ii) the extraction of ions and iii) separation of negative ions from electrons. Among of ion internal and external ion sources the common question is efficiency for production of negative hydrogen ions and increasing of kinetic energy of these ions. The critical analysis of different ions sources (PIG, Multicusps, etc.) is given. The comparison of these ion sources regarding applications for industrial cyclotrons for production of medical isotopes is presented in the paper.

Poster TUPPT018 [0.231 MB]

TUPPT019

Development Study of Penning Ion Source for Compact 9 MeV Cyclotron

ion, electron, cathode, plasma

195

Y.H. Yeon, J.-S. Chai, T.V. Cong, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, S.Y. Jung, H.S. Kim, H.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, S.H. Lee, Y.S. Lee, X.J. Mu, S.Y. Oh, S. Shin
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This research was supported by WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-2008-10029).
Penning Ion Gauge(PIG) have been used in internal source for cyclotron. PIG source for internal source of 9 MeV cyclotron produces H⁻ ion. This source consists of cold cathode which discharges electrons for producing H⁻ ion and anode for making plasma wall. Cold cathode material tantalum was used for emitting electrons and tungsten copper alloy was used for anode. The size of PIG source is related to size of cyclotron magnet. Optimization of cathode and anode location and sizing were needed for simplifying this source for reducing the size of compact cyclotron. Transportation of electrons and number of secondary electrons has been calculated by CST particle studio. Motion of H2 gas has been calculated by ANSYS. Calculation of PIG source in 9 MeV cyclotron has been performed by using various chimneys with different size of expansion gap between the plasma boundary and the chimney wall. In this paper design process and experiment result is reported.

TUPPT022

A 20 mA H⁻ Ion Source with Accel-Accel-Decel Extraction System at TRIUMF

extraction, ion, emittance, TRIUMF

198

K. Jayamanna, I. Aguilar, I.V. Bylinskii, G. Cojocaru, R.L. Dube, R.K. Laplante, W. L. Louie, M. Lovera, M. Minato, M. Mouat, S. Saminathan, T.M. Tateyama, E. Tikhomolov
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

During the last three decades, TRIUMF has developed H⁻ cusp ion sources for the 500 MeV, TR30, TR13 cyclotrons, as well as many other machines. These ion sources can be categorized as high current versions, producing up to 20mA of CW H⁻ beam within a normalized emittance (4RMS) of 0.6 π-mm-mrad. A new accel-accel-decel extraction system is being developed in order to run the source at optimum source extraction voltage for a large range of beam energies with minimal impact on beam properties. With this extraction system, beam energy can be as low as ~1keV and as high as 60keV while source extraction voltage can be at its optimum within 90kV. The source performances, as well as relevant emittance measurements, are discussed.

WE1PB03

COLUMBUS - A Small Cyclotron for School and Teaching Purposes

cyclotron, vacuum, ion, impedance

296

C.R. Wolf
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
M. J. Frank, E. Held
Ernes, Coburg, Germany

A small cyclotron has been constructed for school- and teaching purposes. The cyclotron uses a water-cooled magnet with adjustable pole-pieces. The magnet provides a field up to 0,7 T. Between the two poles the vacuum chamber is positioned. The vacuum chamber provides ports for the different subsystems, measuring tools and some viewports. A turbo molecular pump backed up by a dry compressor vacuum pump is used to evacuate the chamber to a pressure of 10^-5 mbar. The ions will be accelerated between two brass RF electrodes, called dee and dummy-dee. In the center of the chamber there is a thermionic ion source. A massflow controller fills it with hydrogen gas ionized by electrons from a cathode. The required 5,63 MHz RF power is supplied by a RF transceiver. A matchingbox adjusts the output impedance of the transceiver to the input impedance of the cyclotron. The expected final energies of the protons are 24 keV after 12 revolutions. At these energies there is no radiation outside the chamber. In addition to the design of this cyclotron it is the purpose of this dissertation to use standard devices to realize a low-cost solution.

Slides WE1PB03 [6.246 MB]

WE1PB05

The Cyclotron Kids' 2 MeV Proton Cyclotron

cyclotron, vacuum, ion, target

302

H. Baumgartner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Two high school students (the "Cyclotron Kids") decided they wanted to build a small cyclotron by themselves in 2008. After researching and designing on their own, they looked for a way to fund their science project. After the students sent out tens of letters looking for sponsors, Jefferson Lab replied, offering funding and mentorship. Over several summers, the students worked at Jefferson Lab to take the cyclotron from the drawing board to near-completion. The cyclotron is now at Old Dominion University, where it will be used as an educational tool in the accelerator physics program.

Slides WE1PB05 [4.545 MB]

WEPPT009

Transverse Phase-Space Distributions of Low Energy Ion Beams Extracted from an ECR Ion Source

ion, emittance, simulation, extraction

341

S. Saminathan
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, H.R. Kremers, V. Mironov
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

Transverse phase-space distributions of low-energy ion beams extracted from ECR ion sources often show higher-order effects caused by ion-optical aberrations. Understanding these effects is mandatory to keep emittance growth and the resulting beam losses in low-energy beam transport lines under control. We present the results of an experimental and theoretical study of beam extraction and transport in the AGOR injection line at KVI. Particle tracking simulations have been performed of a multi-component neon ion beam extracted from an ECR ion source to calculate 4D phase-space distributions at various positions along the beamline. The simulations compare well with beam profile and emittance measurements.

WEPPT017

Beam Tracking Simulation for a 9 MeV Cyclotron

cyclotron, acceleration, extraction, ion

356

S.Y. Jung, J.-S. Chai, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, Y.S. Lee, H.S. Song, Y.H. Yeon
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Following the adoption of internal PIG ion source making cyclotron more compact, the delicate beam trajectory simulation is required. In this paper, the optimization of initial condition of H-beam for the stable and well-controlled beam until the extraction region is reported. To accommodate the beam, the electromagnetic field distribution was analyzed by OPERA-3D and its phase error was verified with CYCLONE v8.4. In each iterative design, the beam trajectory was calculated by own developed numerical code to estimate its performance. The beam characteristics including the beam orbit, centering, energy gain and RF acceptance for vertical and horizontal directions were evaluated.

WEPPT021

Columbus - A Simple Ion Source

ion, cyclotron, proton, electron

364

M. J. Frank, E. Held, C.R. Wolf
Ernes, Coburg, Germany

An ion source provides a cyclotron with charged particles which can be accelerated by an electric field. The simpelst possibility is a thermionic ion-source. Electrons emitted from a white-hot tungsten filament, placed in a ceramic block of macor, are accelerated by a dc voltage of 100 - 150 V and constraint to a spiral path by the homogenous magnetic field of the cyclotron. They collide with hydrogen atoms and ionisize them. The ceramic block is covered by tube made of copper in which the ions raise up. They enter the gap between the dees through a small aperture in tube. The ion source is mounted under the dummy-dee, so its position can be changed to find the best place. The hydrogen gas is stored in a Hydro-stick, a small tube which contains 10 l of Hydrogen under a pressure of 10 bar. From here it enters the ion source by a mass-flow controller which enables accurate dosing.

Poster WEPPT021 [1.640 MB]

WEPPT024

Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron: Dedicated to Training Through Research and Development

cyclotron, ion, cathode, proton

366

T.W. Koeth, J.E. Krutzler, T.S. Ponter, A.J. Rosenberg, W.S. Schneider
Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
D.E. Hoffman
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron is a 1.2 MeV proton accelerator dedicated to beam physics instruction.[1] The 12-inch cyclotron project began as a personal pursuit for two Rutgers undergraduate students in 1995 and was incorporated into the Modern Physics Teaching Lab in 2001.[2] Since then, student projects have been contributing to the cyclotron’s evolution through development of accelerator components. Most of the Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron components have been designed and built in house, thus giving its students a research and development introduction to the field of accelerator physics and associated hardware.
[1] www.physics.rutgers.edu/cyclotron
[2] T. Feder, “Building a Cyclotron on a Shoe String,” Physics Today, 30-31 (November 2004)

WEPSH008

Characterization of the CS30 Cyclotron at KFSH&RC for Radiotherapy Applications

proton, cyclotron, target, ion

400

B.M. Moftah
Belal Moftah, PhD, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
S. Aldelaijan, F.M. Alrumayan, F. Alzorkani, S. Devic, M. Shehadeh
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Grant No 11-BIO1428-20
The 26.5 MeV beam of the CS30 Cyclotron at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) was characterized dosimetrically for the use in radiobiological experiments for pre-clinical and radiotherapy studies. Position of the beam’s Bragg peak was measured with a stack of 60 pieces of HDV2 model GAFCHROMICTM films (105 microns thick each). This film type was specifically designed for measurement of very high doses, ranging up to 1,000 Gy. Output of the proton beam was calibrated using IAEA TRS-398 reference dosimetry protocol with calibrated parallel plate chamber in water. The response of the film was calibrated in terms of dose to water by exposing calibration film pieces within a solid water phantom. The position of the Bragg peak was found to be at around 6 mm when 10 to 20 nA proton beam current was used. Pieces of radiochromic film were irradiated at 40, 70 and 100 cm from the primary collimator, where the Gaussian shaped beam profiles had values of 12, 26, 45 mm FWHM respectively. Proton beam characteristics in terms of the output and beam size appear to be acceptable for pre-clinical studies.

WEPSH010

Proton Therapy at the Institut Curie – CPO: Operation of an IBA C235 Cyclotron Looking Forward Scanning Techniques

cyclotron, ion, proton, extraction

403

A. Patriarca, S.J. Meyroneinc
Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Orsay, France

Since 1991, more than 6100 patients (mainly eye and head & neck tumours) were treated at the Institut Curie – Centre de Protonthèrapie d’Orsay using Double Scattering proton beam delivery technique. After 19 years of activity, a 200 MeV synchrocyclotron has been shut down and replaced by a 230 MeV C235 IBA proton cyclotron. This delivers beam to two passive fixed treatment rooms and to one universal nozzle equipped gantry. In the past two years of operation more than 95.5% of the scheduled patients (near 500/year) were treated. We have realised, according to IBA recommendations, preventive maintenance (i.e. RF final amplifier) and we have improved some diagnostic tools (i.e. Main Coil monitoring) allowing us to reduce the number of downtime events from 499 in 2011 to 351 in 2012. In order to improve cancer treatment capabilities we are now involved in the transition towards scanning particle therapy, requiring even more accurate quality assurance protocols. We describe here the main cyclotron issues (ion source, deflector) and what is needed to perform a proper scanning technique, the main goal being the enhancement of our reliability performances.

WE4PB03

Optimizing the Radioisotope Production with a Weak Focusing Compact Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, focusing, vacuum

429

C. Oliver, P. Abramian, B. Ahedo, P. Arce, J.M. Barcala, J. Calero, E. Calvo, L. García-Tabarés, D. Gavela, A. Guirao, J.L. Gutiérrez, J.I. Lagares, L.M. Martinez Fresno, T. Martínez de Alvaro, E. Molina Marinas, J. Munilla, D. Obradors-Campos, F.J. Olivert, J.M. Perez Morales, I. Podadera, E. Rodriguez, L. Sanchez, F. Sansaloni, F. Toral, C. Vázquez
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

A classical weak focusing cyclotron can result in a simple and compact design for the radioisotope production for medical applications. Two main drawbacks arise from this type of machine. The energy limit imposed by the non RF-particle isochronism requires a careful design of the acceleration process, resulting in challenging requirements for the RF system. On the other hand, the weak focusing forces produced by the slightly decreasing magnetic field make essential to model the central region of the machine to improve the electric focalization with a reasonable phase acceptance. A complete analysis of the different beam losses, including vacuum stripping, has been performed. The main cyclotron parameters have been obtained by balancing the maximum energy we can obtain and the maximum beam transmission, resulting in an optimum radioisotope production.

Slides WE4PB03 [2.904 MB]

TH1PB01

Operational Experience at the Intensity Limit in Compact Cyclotrons

cyclotron, target, extraction, ion

432

G. Cojocaru, J.C. Lofvendahl
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Compact cyclotrons are a cost-efficient choice for medical radioisotope production since negative hydrogen ions can be used at energies well below 100MeV. The stripping extraction technique allows quite large circulating currents without the need for separated turns. Space charge limits are in the range of 1 to 2 mA, but operating for long periods at these levels is a challenge for many reasons, among them being the sputtering of metal surfaces where unaccepted beam is deposited. These limits and others observed during our 22 years of 24hours/365days of quasi continuous operation of TR30 cyclotrons will be explored.

Slides TH1PB01 [8.602 MB]

TH2PB03

The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron a Summary of Current Particles and Energies Used in Therapy, Isotope Production, and Clinical Research

cyclotron, proton, target, neutron

454

E.F. Dorman, R.C. Emery
University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron (UWCC) is a Scanditronix MC-50 compact cyclotron installed in 1983. The cyclotron has now been in operation for 30 years. The unique nature of the cyclotron is its variable frequency RF system, and dual ion source chimneys; it is also capable to produce other particles and energies. Our facility is now sharing beam time between multiple users: Fast Neutron radiotherapy. Development of a Precision Proton Radiotherapy Platform. In vivo verification of precision proton radiotherapy with positron emission tomography. Routine production of 211-At. Routine production of 117m-Sn. Cyclotron based 99m-Tc production. Cyclotron based 186-Re production. Proton beam extracted into air, demonstrating a visual Bragg peak. Neutron hardness for electronic subsystems. These multiple projects show the uniqueness of our facility and our commitment to therapy, radioisotope research and production, and clinical investigations. Currently Running Protons (H⁺) 50.5 MeV/75μA, 50 MeV/5-10pA, 35 MeV/3-5 pA 16, 18, 24, 28 MeV/30μA, Protons (H²⁺) 6.8 MeV/300nA, Deuterons (D⁺) 18, 20, 22, 24 MeV/30μA, Alphas (4He++) 29.0 MeV/50μA, 47.3 MeV/70μA.

Slides TH2PB03 [11.400 MB]

FR1PB04

GANIL Operation Status and Upgrade of SPIRAL1

ion, target, acceleration, cyclotron

470

O. Kamalou, O. Bajeat, F. Chautard, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, P. Jardin, L. Maunoury
GANIL, Caen, France

The GANIL facility (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) at Caen produces and accelerates stable ion beams since 1982 for nuclear physics, atomic physics, radiobiology and material irradiation. Nowadays, an intense exotic beam is produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method at the SPIRAL1 facility. It is running since 2001, producing and post-accelerating radioactive ion beams of noble gas type mainly. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2013 is presented. Due to a large request of physicists, the facility will be enhanced within the frame of the project Upgrade SPIRAL1. The goal of the project is to broaden the range of post-accelerated exotic beams available especially to all the condensable light elements as P, Mg, Al, Cl etc The upgrade of SPIRAL1 is in progress and the new beams would be delivered for operation by the end of 2015.

Slides FR1PB04 [1.514 MB]