Cyclotrons2013 - List of Keywords (cavity)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO3PB02	Design Study of a Superconducting AVF Cyclotron for Proton Therapy	cyclotron, extraction, proton, resonance	102
	H. Tsutsui, A. Hashimoto, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Mitsumoto, Y. Touchi, T. Ueda, K. Uno, K. Watazawa, S. Yajima, J.Y. Yoshida, K.U. Yumoto SHI, Tokyo, Japan
	Since a cyclotron has better beam quality than that of a synchrocyclotron, we have designed a 4 Tesla superconducting AVF cyclotron for proton therapy. Its weight is less than 60 tons, which is about one fourth of our normal conducting 230 MeV cyclotron. In order to reduce the size and the weight without deteriorating the beam stability, the hill gap around the outer pole radius is made small. Calculated extraction efficiency is higher than 60%, by arranging the extraction elements properly. The low temperature superconducting coil using NbTi wire is conduction-cooled by 4K GM cryocooler. Three dimensional electromagnetic finite element codes have been used during all phases of basic design.
	Slides MO3PB02 [13.506 MB]

MO3PB03	High Gradient Superconducting Cavity Development for FFAG	proton, extraction, simulation, injection	105
	S.V. Kutsaev, Z.A. Conway, P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA R.D. Ford, C. Johnstone PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 Like the cyclotron, the Fixed Field Alternating Gradient machine (FFAG) is a compact accelerator with variety of applications in industry and medicine. High intensity, fixed-field compact accelerators require enhanced orbit separation to minimize beam losses especially at extraction. In medium energy and compact FFAGs, this requires a total voltage of ~20 MV per turn with continuous wave accelerating gradients of ~10MV/m, which can only be achieved using superconducting accelerating cavities. This high voltage can be generated using 4 superconducting (SC) cavities operating at higher harmonics of the beam revolution, equal to approximately 200 MHz. The cavities and cryomodule are inserted into a 2m straight section of a racetrack-shaped FFAG. However, as with cyclotrons, the FFAG has a large horizontal acceleration aperture presenting a challenging problem for SCRF cavity design. In this work, we present SC cavity design with 50 cm x 1 cm beam apertures, their electrodynamics optimization, and multiphysics analysis. To achieve a 1 mA average beam current, each cavity is powered by two 100 kW RF couplers.
	Slides MO3PB03 [2.819 MB]

MO4PB01	Experimental Study Towards High Beam Power FFAG	acceleration, injection, space-charge, linac	111
	T. Uesugi Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	The FFAG complex at KURRI is not only the first proton FFAG accelerator facility for beam users but the one aiming to have high beam power. The talk will present various efforts to increase beam power for the last few years and systematic strategy in near future toward the space charge limit.
	Slides MO4PB01 [6.691 MB]

TU2PB01	A Study of Multipacting Effects in Large Cyclotron Cavities by Means of Fully 3-Dimensional Simulations	electron, simulation, cyclotron, RF-structure	142
	C. Wang, B. Ji, Y. Lei, P.Z. Li, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China A. Adelmann, A. Gsell, M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The field emission model and the secondary emission model, as well as 3D boundary geometry handling capabilities, are needed to efficiently and precisely simulate multipacting phenomena. These models have been implemented in OPAL, a parallel framework for charged particle optics in accelerator structures and beam lines. The models and their implementation are carefully benchmarked against a non-stationary multipacting theory. A dedicated multipacting experiment with nanosecond time resolution for the classic parallel plate geometry has also successfully shown the validity of OPAL model. Multipacting phenomena, in the CYCIAE-100 cyclotron, under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy, are expected to be more severe during the RF conditioning process than in separate-sector cyclotrons. This is because the magnetic fields in the valley are stronger, which may make the impact electrons easier to reach energies that lead to larger multipacting probabilities. We report on simulation results for CYCIAE-100, which gives us an insight view of the multipacting process and help to develop cures to suppress these phenomena.
	Slides TU2PB01 [7.012 MB]

TU2PB03	Heat Transfer Study and Cooling of 10 MeV Cyclotron Cavity	cyclotron, simulation, factory, ion	150
	S. Saboonchi, H. Afarideh AUT, Tehran, Iran M.R. Asadi PPRC, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	The most important problem in mechanical design of RF cavity of cyclotron is generated heat by RF power loss. An optimized cooling system for cavity is necessary to prevent Dee damaging and minimizing error function of cyclotron created by displacements. Also optimization of water circuit and water flow is essential because it affects unwanted vibrations and manufacturing. In this paper an attempt has been done to design an optimized cooling system for the cavity of a 10 MeV cyclotron with frequency of 69 MHz and 50 KW RF power using ANSYS and CST software.

TU2PB04	Resonator System for the BEST 70 MeV Cyclotron	controls, cyclotron, LLRF, simulation	153
	V. Sabaiduc, G. Gold, B.A. Versteeg BCSI, Vancouver, Canada J. Panama Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc. is presently developing a 70 MeV cyclotron for radioisotope production and research purpose. The RF system comprises two separated resonators driven by independent amplifiers to allow for the phase and amplitude modulation technique to be applied for beam intensity modulation. The resonators are presently in the commissioning phase consisting of cold test measurements followed by high power commissioning in the cyclotron. Preliminary simulation results have been reported and are: 56MHz operation (fourth harmonic, half-wave resonator design), 60 to 70kV dee voltage, quality factor 8000 with the estimated dissipated power of 17kW per resonator. The electromagnetic modeling has been done with CST Microwave Studio. All simulation results showed a very conservative design with typical parameters for the energy and size of the resonators. The paper will present the measurement results on a cold test set-up configuration as well as the commissioning with high power in the cyclotron.
	Slides TU2PB04 [4.920 MB]

TUPPT023	Design and Simulation of Cavity for 10 MeV Compact Cyclotron	cyclotron, coupling, simulation, acceleration	200
	V. Afzalan, H. Afarideh, R. Azizi AUT, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	RF system is known as one of the most vital parts to produce the efficient accelerator system. In this paper, the RF system and cavity of 10 MeV AVF ( Azimuthally Varying Field ) Cyclotron for radioisotope production are designed. The Cyclotron works on 4th harmonic with Dee's voltage of 50 KV. In order to supply the expected accelerating voltages RF power coupling and RF tuner has been considered. The RF system is simulated using commercially available simulator, CST Microwave Studio code. In contrast the geometry of cavity is optimized to achieve suitable Q value in desired frequency. Since the factors are non-ideal during the fabrication process, the actual Q value of cavities is estimated.

TUPPT024	Design of a Digital Low-Level RF System for BEST Medical Cyclotrons	controls, cyclotron, LLRF, monitoring	203
	G. Gold, V. Sabaiduc BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
	A versatile digital low-level RF system has been designed for the range of cyclotrons being developed by Best Cyclotron Systems Inc. (BCSI). Primary design considerations are given to robustness, low cost and the flexibility to be used on all BCSI resonator designs. As such, the system allows for operating frequency selection from 49 to 80 MHz and is compatible with single or double resonator configurations through the use of local oscillator synchronization and high-speed command exchange. An IQ demodulation/modulation scheme is employed allowing for frequency and amplitude control. High-speed phase control of separated resonators allows for beam intensity modulation techniques to be applied. This paper discusses the overall system design as well as integration results on both a single and double resonator cyclotron.

TUPPT025	Resonator System for the BCSI Test Stand Cyclotron	cyclotron, simulation, controls, LLRF	206
	G. Gold, V. Sabaiduc, J. Zhu BCSI, Vancouver, Canada J. Panama Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada L. AC. Piazza INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc. is presently developing a test facility for beam injection into a center region cyclotron operating at maximum 1MeV. The test stand cyclotron will operate at various fixed frequencies that will cover the entire range from 49MHz to 80MHz as estimated for the current cyclotron models under development at BCSI. The resonator was designed with a variable coaxial section allowing for the frequency to be continuously adjusted as required for the particular model in study. Having interchangeable dee tip geometries presented various thermal management challenges which have been addressed. Three operational frequencies, 49MHz, 56MHz and 73MHz have been simulated with CST Microwave Studio. The paper will report the theoretical parameters of the cavity, mechanical design considerations and resonator commissioning on the first operational frequency of 49MHz.

TUPPT029	Design Study of a 83.2 MHz RF Cavity for the 9 MeV Compact Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, simulation, impedance	215
	S. Shin, J.-S. Chai, J.C. Lee SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea B.N. Lee KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0025953) A compact cyclotron accelerating H⁻ ion for producing a radioactive isotope FDG (FluoroDeoxyGlucose) for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) has been designed at Sungkyunkwan University. The H⁻ ion which generated from the PIG (Panning Ion Gauge) ion source will be accelerated at the normal conducting RF cavity which uses 83.2 MHz of resonance frequency and extracted at the carbon foil striper at the energy of 9 MeV. This cyclotron has to be small to install local hospital while FDG production needs more than 9 MeV of proton beam energy. Chasing two hare at once, deep valley type of magnet has been selected for high energy and compact cyclotron. Due to the small size of valley space where RF cavities will be installed, lots of difficulties have been introduced. Despite of those difficulties at the designing process, we could achieve resonance frequency of 83.2 MHz and Q-factor of 4500 with very compact size of RF cavity.

TUPSH003	Conceptual Design of a 100 MeV Injector Cyclotron	cyclotron, resonance, proton, extraction	224
	M. Li, J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang, J.Q. Zhong CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Accelerator driven system (ADS) is advanced clean nuclear energy system based on a high power accelerator, which has been proposed worldwide in recent years. Referring to the experiences from the existing PSI high power proton facility, an 800 MeV cyclotron is under design at CIAE (China Institute of Atomic Energy) as a candidate of high power proton driver. Given the extremely high beam power to be extracted, a tiny beam loss can lead to disastrous result for the cyclotron. Especially, the beam loss during extraction is the critical issue with respect to the feasibility and reliability of the design, which needs to be investigated in great detail from the very beginning. In this paper, the extraction scheme and beamline elements design are presented, and the detailed beam loss distribution during extraction will be calculated by numerical simulation with the large-scale parallel code OPAL-CYCL.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MO3PB02

Design Study of a Superconducting AVF Cyclotron for Proton Therapy

cyclotron, extraction, proton, resonance

102

H. Tsutsui, A. Hashimoto, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Mitsumoto, Y. Touchi, T. Ueda, K. Uno, K. Watazawa, S. Yajima, J.Y. Yoshida, K.U. Yumoto
SHI, Tokyo, Japan

Since a cyclotron has better beam quality than that of a synchrocyclotron, we have designed a 4 Tesla superconducting AVF cyclotron for proton therapy. Its weight is less than 60 tons, which is about one fourth of our normal conducting 230 MeV cyclotron. In order to reduce the size and the weight without deteriorating the beam stability, the hill gap around the outer pole radius is made small. Calculated extraction efficiency is higher than 60%, by arranging the extraction elements properly. The low temperature superconducting coil using NbTi wire is conduction-cooled by 4K GM cryocooler. Three dimensional electromagnetic finite element codes have been used during all phases of basic design.

Slides MO3PB02 [13.506 MB]

MO3PB03

High Gradient Superconducting Cavity Development for FFAG

proton, extraction, simulation, injection

105

S.V. Kutsaev, Z.A. Conway, P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, USA
R.D. Ford, C. Johnstone
PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
Like the cyclotron, the Fixed Field Alternating Gradient machine (FFAG) is a compact accelerator with variety of applications in industry and medicine. High intensity, fixed-field compact accelerators require enhanced orbit separation to minimize beam losses especially at extraction. In medium energy and compact FFAGs, this requires a total voltage of ~20 MV per turn with continuous wave accelerating gradients of ~10MV/m, which can only be achieved using superconducting accelerating cavities. This high voltage can be generated using 4 superconducting (SC) cavities operating at higher harmonics of the beam revolution, equal to approximately 200 MHz. The cavities and cryomodule are inserted into a 2m straight section of a racetrack-shaped FFAG. However, as with cyclotrons, the FFAG has a large horizontal acceleration aperture presenting a challenging problem for SCRF cavity design. In this work, we present SC cavity design with 50 cm x 1 cm beam apertures, their electrodynamics optimization, and multiphysics analysis. To achieve a 1 mA average beam current, each cavity is powered by two 100 kW RF couplers.

Slides MO3PB03 [2.819 MB]

MO4PB01

Experimental Study Towards High Beam Power FFAG

acceleration, injection, space-charge, linac

111

T. Uesugi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

The FFAG complex at KURRI is not only the first proton FFAG accelerator facility for beam users but the one aiming to have high beam power. The talk will present various efforts to increase beam power for the last few years and systematic strategy in near future toward the space charge limit.

Slides MO4PB01 [6.691 MB]

TU2PB01

A Study of Multipacting Effects in Large Cyclotron Cavities by Means of Fully 3-Dimensional Simulations

electron, simulation, cyclotron, RF-structure

142

C. Wang, B. Ji, Y. Lei, P.Z. Li, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A. Adelmann, A. Gsell, M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The field emission model and the secondary emission model, as well as 3D boundary geometry handling capabilities, are needed to efficiently and precisely simulate multipacting phenomena. These models have been implemented in OPAL, a parallel framework for charged particle optics in accelerator structures and beam lines. The models and their implementation are carefully benchmarked against a non-stationary multipacting theory. A dedicated multipacting experiment with nanosecond time resolution for the classic parallel plate geometry has also successfully shown the validity of OPAL model. Multipacting phenomena, in the CYCIAE-100 cyclotron, under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy, are expected to be more severe during the RF conditioning process than in separate-sector cyclotrons. This is because the magnetic fields in the valley are stronger, which may make the impact electrons easier to reach energies that lead to larger multipacting probabilities. We report on simulation results for CYCIAE-100, which gives us an insight view of the multipacting process and help to develop cures to suppress these phenomena.

Slides TU2PB01 [7.012 MB]

TU2PB03

Heat Transfer Study and Cooling of 10 MeV Cyclotron Cavity

cyclotron, simulation, factory, ion

150

S. Saboonchi, H. Afarideh
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M.R. Asadi
PPRC, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

The most important problem in mechanical design of RF cavity of cyclotron is generated heat by RF power loss. An optimized cooling system for cavity is necessary to prevent Dee damaging and minimizing error function of cyclotron created by displacements. Also optimization of water circuit and water flow is essential because it affects unwanted vibrations and manufacturing. In this paper an attempt has been done to design an optimized cooling system for the cavity of a 10 MeV cyclotron with frequency of 69 MHz and 50 KW RF power using ANSYS and CST software.

TU2PB04

Resonator System for the BEST 70 MeV Cyclotron

controls, cyclotron, LLRF, simulation

153

V. Sabaiduc, G. Gold, B.A. Versteeg
BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
J. Panama
Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc. is presently developing a 70 MeV cyclotron for radioisotope production and research purpose. The RF system comprises two separated resonators driven by independent amplifiers to allow for the phase and amplitude modulation technique to be applied for beam intensity modulation. The resonators are presently in the commissioning phase consisting of cold test measurements followed by high power commissioning in the cyclotron. Preliminary simulation results have been reported and are: 56MHz operation (fourth harmonic, half-wave resonator design), 60 to 70kV dee voltage, quality factor 8000 with the estimated dissipated power of 17kW per resonator. The electromagnetic modeling has been done with CST Microwave Studio. All simulation results showed a very conservative design with typical parameters for the energy and size of the resonators. The paper will present the measurement results on a cold test set-up configuration as well as the commissioning with high power in the cyclotron.

Slides TU2PB04 [4.920 MB]

TUPPT023

Design and Simulation of Cavity for 10 MeV Compact Cyclotron

cyclotron, coupling, simulation, acceleration

200

V. Afzalan, H. Afarideh, R. Azizi
AUT, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

RF system is known as one of the most vital parts to produce the efficient accelerator system. In this paper, the RF system and cavity of 10 MeV AVF ( Azimuthally Varying Field ) Cyclotron for radioisotope production are designed. The Cyclotron works on 4th harmonic with Dee's voltage of 50 KV. In order to supply the expected accelerating voltages RF power coupling and RF tuner has been considered. The RF system is simulated using commercially available simulator, CST Microwave Studio code. In contrast the geometry of cavity is optimized to achieve suitable Q value in desired frequency. Since the factors are non-ideal during the fabrication process, the actual Q value of cavities is estimated.

TUPPT024

Design of a Digital Low-Level RF System for BEST Medical Cyclotrons

controls, cyclotron, LLRF, monitoring

203

G. Gold, V. Sabaiduc
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada

A versatile digital low-level RF system has been designed for the range of cyclotrons being developed by Best Cyclotron Systems Inc. (BCSI). Primary design considerations are given to robustness, low cost and the flexibility to be used on all BCSI resonator designs. As such, the system allows for operating frequency selection from 49 to 80 MHz and is compatible with single or double resonator configurations through the use of local oscillator synchronization and high-speed command exchange. An IQ demodulation/modulation scheme is employed allowing for frequency and amplitude control. High-speed phase control of separated resonators allows for beam intensity modulation techniques to be applied. This paper discusses the overall system design as well as integration results on both a single and double resonator cyclotron.

TUPPT025

Resonator System for the BCSI Test Stand Cyclotron

cyclotron, simulation, controls, LLRF

206

G. Gold, V. Sabaiduc, J. Zhu
BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
J. Panama
Best Theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
L. AC. Piazza
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc. is presently developing a test facility for beam injection into a center region cyclotron operating at maximum 1MeV. The test stand cyclotron will operate at various fixed frequencies that will cover the entire range from 49MHz to 80MHz as estimated for the current cyclotron models under development at BCSI. The resonator was designed with a variable coaxial section allowing for the frequency to be continuously adjusted as required for the particular model in study. Having interchangeable dee tip geometries presented various thermal management challenges which have been addressed. Three operational frequencies, 49MHz, 56MHz and 73MHz have been simulated with CST Microwave Studio. The paper will report the theoretical parameters of the cavity, mechanical design considerations and resonator commissioning on the first operational frequency of 49MHz.

TUPPT029

Design Study of a 83.2 MHz RF Cavity for the 9 MeV Compact Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, simulation, impedance

215

S. Shin, J.-S. Chai, J.C. Lee
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
B.N. Lee
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0025953)
A compact cyclotron accelerating H⁻ ion for producing a radioactive isotope FDG (FluoroDeoxyGlucose) for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) has been designed at Sungkyunkwan University. The H⁻ ion which generated from the PIG (Panning Ion Gauge) ion source will be accelerated at the normal conducting RF cavity which uses 83.2 MHz of resonance frequency and extracted at the carbon foil striper at the energy of 9 MeV. This cyclotron has to be small to install local hospital while FDG production needs more than 9 MeV of proton beam energy. Chasing two hare at once, deep valley type of magnet has been selected for high energy and compact cyclotron. Due to the small size of valley space where RF cavities will be installed, lots of difficulties have been introduced. Despite of those difficulties at the designing process, we could achieve resonance frequency of 83.2 MHz and Q-factor of 4500 with very compact size of RF cavity.

TUPSH003

Conceptual Design of a 100 MeV Injector Cyclotron

cyclotron, resonance, proton, extraction

224

M. Li, J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang, J.Q. Zhong
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Accelerator driven system (ADS) is advanced clean nuclear energy system based on a high power accelerator, which has been proposed worldwide in recent years. Referring to the experiences from the existing PSI high power proton facility, an 800 MeV cyclotron is under design at CIAE (China Institute of Atomic Energy) as a candidate of high power proton driver. Given the extremely high beam power to be extracted, a tiny beam loss can lead to disastrous result for the cyclotron. Especially, the beam loss during extraction is the critical issue with respect to the feasibility and reliability of the design, which needs to be investigated in great detail from the very beginning. In this paper, the extraction scheme and beamline elements design are presented, and the detailed beam loss distribution during extraction will be calculated by numerical simulation with the large-scale parallel code OPAL-CYCL.