Cyclotrons2013 - List of Keywords (ECR)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPPT013	Status Report on the Gustav Werner Cyclotron at TSL, Uppsala	cyclotron, proton, vacuum, ion	58
	D. van Rooyen, B. Gålnander, M.E. Lindberg, T. Lofnes, T. Peterson, M. Pettersson TSL, Uppsala, Sweden
	TSL has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 with nuclear physics phased out, the CELSIUS ring dismantled and the WASA detector moved to Jülich. The focus of activities became thereby shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. The increase in demand on (a) beam time and b) consequential faster changes between various set-ups necessitated some minor upgrades. Two of these will be presented. For the same reason our energy measuring system needed to be streamlined. As a consequence of the restructuring, night shifts have been phased out. Studies indicated that a substantial energy saving can be accomplished by switching off certain power supplies. Results of this energy saving programme will be presented. The future? In 2012 our ECR ion source has been “recalled to life”, the purpose being to investigate radiation of electronics and thin films (micropore industry). The results for three test runs with heavy ions will be mentioned. Will TSL be able to survive after the Skandion Clinic has taken over Cancer Therapy with protons?

TU1PB01	High Intensity Operation for Heavy Ion Cyclotron of Highly Charged ECR Ion Sources	ion, ECRIS, cyclotron, ion-source	125
	L.T. Sun IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Modern advanced ECR ion source can provide stable and reliable high charge state ion beams for the routine operation of a cyclotron, which has made it irreplaceable, particularly with regard to the performance and efficiency that a cyclotron complex could achieve with the ion source. The 3rd generation ECR ion sources that can produce higher charge state and more intense ion beams have been developed and put into cyclotron operation since early 21st century. They have provided the privilege for the cyclotron performance improvement that has never been met before, especially in term of the delivered beam intensity and energy, which has greatly promoted the experimental research in nuclear physics. This paper will have a brief review about the development of modern high performance high charge state ECR ion sources. Typical advanced high charge state ECR ion sources with fully superconducting magnet, such as SERSE, VENUS, SECRAL, SuSI and RIKEN SC-ECRIS will be presented, and their high intensity operation status for cyclotrons will be introduced as well.
	Slides TU1PB01 [20.645 MB]

TU1PB02	Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Development	ion, ECRIS, plasma, ion-source	130
	T. Thuillier LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Trends in ECR ion source development and perspectives for performance improvement.
	Slides TU1PB02 [8.635 MB]

TU1PB03	PIC Simulations of Ion Dynamics in ECR Ion Sources	ion, plasma, extraction, ECRIS	134
	V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	To better understand the physical processes in ECRIS plasmas, we developed a Particle-in-Cell code that follows the ionization and diffusion dynamics of ions. The basic features of the numerical model are given elsewhere. Electron temperature is a free parameter and we found that its value should be about 1 keV to reproduce the experimentally observed performance of our 14 GHz ECR source. We assume that a pre-sheath is located outside the ECR zone, in which ion acceleration toward the walls occurs. Electric fields inside the ECR zone are assumed to be zero. The ion production is modelled assuming ion confinement by a ponderomotive barrier formed at the boundary of the ECR zone. The barrier height is defined by the RF radiation density at the electron resonance layer and is taken as an adjustable parameter. With these assumptions, we are able to reproduce the main features of ECRIS performance, such as saturation and decrease of highest charge state currents with increasing gas pressure, as well as reaction to an increase of injected RF power. Study of the source response to variations of the source parameters is possible. V. Mironov and J. P. M. Beijers, “Three-dimensional simulations of ion dynamics in the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 073501 (2009).
	Slides TU1PB03 [18.160 MB]

TU1PB04	Status of the RIKEN 28-GHz SC-ECRIS	ion, ion-source, emittance, heavy-ion	139
	Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Since we obtained first beam from RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS in 2009, we tried to increase the beam intensity using various methods. Recently, we observed that the use of Al chamber strongly enhanced the beam intensity of highly charged U ion beam. Using this method, we obtained ~180e μA of U³⁵⁺ and ~230e μA of U³³⁺ at the injected RF power of ~3kW with sputtering method. Advantage of this method is that we can insert the large amount of material into the plasma chamber, therefore, we can produce the beam for long term without break. Actually, we already produced intense U beams for the RIBF experiments longer than month without break. For the long term operation, we observed that the consumption rate of the U metal was ~4mg/h. In this spring, we also produced U beam with high temperature oven and two frequencies injection. In these test experiments, we observed that the beam intensity of highly charged U ions is strongly enhanced. In this contribution, we report the various results of the test experiments for production of highly charged U ion beam. We also report the experience of the long term production of the U ion beam for RIKEN RIBF experiments.
	Slides TU1PB04 [6.949 MB]

TUPPT013	Simulation of Sufficient Spindle Cusp Magnetic Field for 28 GHz ECRIS	plasma, ECRIS, ion, electron	180
	M.H. Rashid, A. Chakrabarti VECC, Kolkata, India
	A cusp magnetic field (CMF) configuration is proposed for achieving more plasma confinement. It is an improved version of CMF compared to the classical one used earlier to design arbitrarily ECR ion source (ECRIS) of low frequency. The CMF has been reconfigured here adopting a simple, novel and cost-effective technique to shrink the loss area and to achieve denser plasma than in traditional ECRIS. The strength of the electron (plasma) confinement is demonstrated through electron simulations. It consists of a mid-iron disk, two end-plugs and a pair of superconducting magnet coils cooled by cryo-coolers. It is designed for high-B mode operation of the cusp ECRIS of as high as 28 GHz RF frequency for producing an intense beam of highly charged heavy ions. The electric current in the coil at the extraction end can be manipulated to optimize the operation to achieve high extracted beam current of highly charged ions.

TUPPT016	Developments of Ion Source Complex for Highly Intense Beam at RCNP	extraction, ion, emittance, plasma	189
	T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, A. Tamii, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	Several developments of Ion Source Complex at RCNP has been carried for the purpose of increasing beam intensity. For an 18 GHz superconducting ECRIS, studies for its beam extraction and transportation have been done. The parameters of extraction systems and electrostatic lens are optimized taking account with magnetic field leakage from AVF Cyclotron. HIP-ECR the 2.45GHz permanent magnet ECR has also been developed for highly intense proton beam.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPPT013

Status Report on the Gustav Werner Cyclotron at TSL, Uppsala

cyclotron, proton, vacuum, ion

58

D. van Rooyen, B. Gålnander, M.E. Lindberg, T. Lofnes, T. Peterson, M. Pettersson
TSL, Uppsala, Sweden

TSL has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 with nuclear physics phased out, the CELSIUS ring dismantled and the WASA detector moved to Jülich. The focus of activities became thereby shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. The increase in demand on (a) beam time and b) consequential faster changes between various set-ups necessitated some minor upgrades. Two of these will be presented. For the same reason our energy measuring system needed to be streamlined. As a consequence of the restructuring, night shifts have been phased out. Studies indicated that a substantial energy saving can be accomplished by switching off certain power supplies. Results of this energy saving programme will be presented. The future? In 2012 our ECR ion source has been “recalled to life”, the purpose being to investigate radiation of electronics and thin films (micropore industry). The results for three test runs with heavy ions will be mentioned. Will TSL be able to survive after the Skandion Clinic has taken over Cancer Therapy with protons?

TU1PB01

High Intensity Operation for Heavy Ion Cyclotron of Highly Charged ECR Ion Sources

ion, ECRIS, cyclotron, ion-source

125

L.T. Sun
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Modern advanced ECR ion source can provide stable and reliable high charge state ion beams for the routine operation of a cyclotron, which has made it irreplaceable, particularly with regard to the performance and efficiency that a cyclotron complex could achieve with the ion source. The 3rd generation ECR ion sources that can produce higher charge state and more intense ion beams have been developed and put into cyclotron operation since early 21st century. They have provided the privilege for the cyclotron performance improvement that has never been met before, especially in term of the delivered beam intensity and energy, which has greatly promoted the experimental research in nuclear physics. This paper will have a brief review about the development of modern high performance high charge state ECR ion sources. Typical advanced high charge state ECR ion sources with fully superconducting magnet, such as SERSE, VENUS, SECRAL, SuSI and RIKEN SC-ECRIS will be presented, and their high intensity operation status for cyclotrons will be introduced as well.

Slides TU1PB01 [20.645 MB]

TU1PB02

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Development

ion, ECRIS, plasma, ion-source

130

T. Thuillier
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Trends in ECR ion source development and perspectives for performance improvement.

Slides TU1PB02 [8.635 MB]

TU1PB03

PIC Simulations of Ion Dynamics in ECR Ion Sources

ion, plasma, extraction, ECRIS

134

V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

To better understand the physical processes in ECRIS plasmas, we developed a Particle-in-Cell code that follows the ionization and diffusion dynamics of ions. The basic features of the numerical model are given elsewhere*. Electron temperature is a free parameter and we found that its value should be about 1 keV to reproduce the experimentally observed performance of our 14 GHz ECR source. We assume that a pre-sheath is located outside the ECR zone, in which ion acceleration toward the walls occurs. Electric fields inside the ECR zone are assumed to be zero. The ion production is modelled assuming ion confinement by a ponderomotive barrier formed at the boundary of the ECR zone. The barrier height is defined by the RF radiation density at the electron resonance layer and is taken as an adjustable parameter. With these assumptions, we are able to reproduce the main features of ECRIS performance, such as saturation and decrease of highest charge state currents with increasing gas pressure, as well as reaction to an increase of injected RF power. Study of the source response to variations of the source parameters is possible.
*V. Mironov and J. P. M. Beijers, “Three-dimensional simulations of ion dynamics in the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 073501 (2009).

Slides TU1PB03 [18.160 MB]

TU1PB04

Status of the RIKEN 28-GHz SC-ECRIS

ion, ion-source, emittance, heavy-ion

139

Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Since we obtained first beam from RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS in 2009, we tried to increase the beam intensity using various methods. Recently, we observed that the use of Al chamber strongly enhanced the beam intensity of highly charged U ion beam. Using this method, we obtained ~180e μA of U³⁵⁺ and ~230e μA of U³³⁺ at the injected RF power of ~3kW with sputtering method. Advantage of this method is that we can insert the large amount of material into the plasma chamber, therefore, we can produce the beam for long term without break. Actually, we already produced intense U beams for the RIBF experiments longer than month without break. For the long term operation, we observed that the consumption rate of the U metal was ~4mg/h. In this spring, we also produced U beam with high temperature oven and two frequencies injection. In these test experiments, we observed that the beam intensity of highly charged U ions is strongly enhanced. In this contribution, we report the various results of the test experiments for production of highly charged U ion beam. We also report the experience of the long term production of the U ion beam for RIKEN RIBF experiments.

Slides TU1PB04 [6.949 MB]

TUPPT013

Simulation of Sufficient Spindle Cusp Magnetic Field for 28 GHz ECRIS

plasma, ECRIS, ion, electron

180

M.H. Rashid, A. Chakrabarti
VECC, Kolkata, India

A cusp magnetic field (CMF) configuration is proposed for achieving more plasma confinement. It is an improved version of CMF compared to the classical one used earlier to design arbitrarily ECR ion source (ECRIS) of low frequency. The CMF has been reconfigured here adopting a simple, novel and cost-effective technique to shrink the loss area and to achieve denser plasma than in traditional ECRIS. The strength of the electron (plasma) confinement is demonstrated through electron simulations. It consists of a mid-iron disk, two end-plugs and a pair of superconducting magnet coils cooled by cryo-coolers. It is designed for high-B mode operation of the cusp ECRIS of as high as 28 GHz RF frequency for producing an intense beam of highly charged heavy ions. The electric current in the coil at the extraction end can be manipulated to optimize the operation to achieve high extracted beam current of highly charged ions.

TUPPT016

Developments of Ion Source Complex for Highly Intense Beam at RCNP

extraction, ion, emittance, plasma

189

T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, A. Tamii, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

Several developments of Ion Source Complex at RCNP has been carried for the purpose of increasing beam intensity. For an 18 GHz superconducting ECRIS, studies for its beam extraction and transportation have been done. The parameters of extraction systems and electrostatic lens are optimized taking account with magnetic field leakage from AVF Cyclotron. HIP-ECR the 2.45GHz permanent magnet ECR has also been developed for highly intense proton beam.