Cyclotrons2013 - List of Keywords (vacuum)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPPT010	On-Going Operations with the Cyclotron C70 ARRONAX	cyclotron, target, proton, isotope-production	49
	F. Poirier, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, J. Orsonneau, L. Perrigaud, D. Poyac, H. Trichet, N. Varmenot Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France S. Girault, F. Poirier SUBATECH, Nantes, France C. Huet EMN, Nantes, France E. Mace INSERM, Nantes, France N. Varmenot ICO, Saint - Herblain, France
	The multi-particle cyclotron C70 ARRONAX, located at Nantes, France is used to accelerate non- concurrently four types of particles downstream several beamlines. The particle energy and intensity range of the cyclotron has allowed a wide variety of application including radiolysis, neutron and isotope productions, and physics experiments. Also regular operations are performed both with dual beam runs at 2x100 μA for isotope production and at 350 μA for neutron production using 70 MeV proton beams. At low intensity, 70 MeV alpha beam is one distinctive feature of the machine with the possibility to use pulsed beam with variable time between two consecutive bunches. The status of the machine is presented as well as the operational updates on the beamlines, including the alpha particle pulsing system, the newly installed alpha degrader and beam loss monitor being developed for high intensity runs.

MOPPT013	Status Report on the Gustav Werner Cyclotron at TSL, Uppsala	cyclotron, proton, ion, ECR	58
	D. van Rooyen, B. Gålnander, M.E. Lindberg, T. Lofnes, T. Peterson, M. Pettersson TSL, Uppsala, Sweden
	TSL has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 with nuclear physics phased out, the CELSIUS ring dismantled and the WASA detector moved to Jülich. The focus of activities became thereby shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. The increase in demand on (a) beam time and b) consequential faster changes between various set-ups necessitated some minor upgrades. Two of these will be presented. For the same reason our energy measuring system needed to be streamlined. As a consequence of the restructuring, night shifts have been phased out. Studies indicated that a substantial energy saving can be accomplished by switching off certain power supplies. Results of this energy saving programme will be presented. The future? In 2012 our ECR ion source has been “recalled to life”, the purpose being to investigate radiation of electronics and thin films (micropore industry). The results for three test runs with heavy ions will be mentioned. Will TSL be able to survive after the Skandion Clinic has taken over Cancer Therapy with protons?

MOPPT014	Installation and Test Progress for CYCIAE-100	ion, cyclotron, ion-source, extraction	61
	T.J. Zhang, Shizhong. An, F. Yang, H. Yi CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The 100 MeV high intensity compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100 being built at CIAE adopts an external ion source system, accelerates H⁻ ions up to 100 MeV and provides dual proton beams by stripping. The status at different stages, including the preliminary design, technical design and construction preparation, and progress*, was reported at previous conferences. The ground breaking ceremony for the building was conducted in April, 2011. Then in September of 2012, the major systems for the machine, including the 435-ton main magnet, two 46.8 kAT exciting main coils, 200-ton hydraulic elevating system with a precision of 0.02mm, high precision magnetic mapper, the 1.27m high vacuum chamber, two 100kW RF amplifiers, magnet power supplies etc., have been in place for installation. The paper will demonstrate the results of high precision machining and installation of large scale magnet, mapping and shimming with vacuum deformation, study on the multipacting effects and RF conditioning. The test results for the 18mA H⁻ ion source and injection line as well as the cryopanel and vacuum system will also be presented. The first beam is expected in the latter half of this year. ICCA, 2004, Tokyo, Japan ICCA, 2007, Giardini Naxos, Italy *ICCA, 2010, Lanzhou, China

MOPPT020	Study of a Superconducting Compact Cyclotron for Delivering 20 MeV High Current Proton Beam	cyclotron, ion, extraction, proton	76
	M.M. Maggiore INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Bromberg, C.E. Miller, J.V. Minervini, A. Radovinsky MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Compact cyclotrons which accelerate high current of H⁻ ions in the range of 10-30MeV have been widely used over the last 25 years for medical isotope production and other applications. For a number of these, low weight, low power consumption, portability or low radiation background are key design requirements. We have evaluated the feasibility of a compact superconducting cyclotron that would provide proton beams up to 20 MeV by accelerating H⁻ ions and extracting them by the stripping process with current of 100uA. The study demonstrates that the survival of the H⁻ ion under high magnetic field environment could be large enough to guarantee low beam losses as long as the RF voltage is high. The compact cyclotron is energized by a set of superconducting coils providing the needed magnetic field, while the azimuthal varying field is done by four iron sectors. Additional superconducting coils are added to minimize the stray magnetic field, eliminating the need for a return yoke. The option of accelerating negative deuteron molecules has also been considered and is presented.

TU2PB02	The New Axial Buncher at INFN-LNS	cyclotron, controls, impedance, ion-source	147
	A.C. Caruso, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy F. Consoli Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Frascati (Rome), Italy P.Z. Li CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China J. Sura Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
	A new axial buncher for the K-800 superconducting cyclotron is under construction at LNS. This new device will replace the present buncher installed along the vertical beam line, inside the yoke of the cyclotron at about half a metre from the medium plane. Maintenance and technical inspection are very difficult to carry out in this situation. The new buncher will still be placed along the axial beam line, just before the bottom side of the cyclotron yoke. It consists of a drift tube driven by a sinusoidal RF signal in the range of 15-50 MHz, a matching box, an amplifier, and an electronic control system. A more accurate mechanical design of the beam line portion will allow for the direct electric connection of the matching box to the ceramic feed-through and drift tube. This particular design will minimize, or totally avoid, any connection through coaxial transmission line. It will reduce the entire geometry, the total RF power and the maintenance. In brief, the new axial buncher will be a compact system including beam line portion, drift tube, ceramic feed-through, matching box, amplifier and control system interface in a single structure.
	Slides TU2PB02 [7.623 MB]

TUPPT001	Control System of 10 MeV Baby Cyclotron	controls, cyclotron, LabView, interlocks	156
	A. Abdorrahman, H. Afarideh, G.R. Aslani, S. Malakzade AUT, Tehran, Iran A. Afshar Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	For controlling all the equipment and services required for operating the 10 MeV baby cyclotron and optimizing various parameters, an extensive control system is used. Most of the control systems are located in the control room which is situated outside the biological shield. The control console in the control room has switches for all the power supplies like main magnet, radio frequency system, vacuum system, ion-source, deflector, etc. Several Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC's) which are located near the equipment control the whole system. A technique of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is presented to monitor, control, and log actions of the PLC's on a PC through use of I/O communication interface coupled with an Open Process Control/Object Linking and Embedding [OLE] for Process Control (OPC) Server/Client architecture. In order to monitor and control different part of system, OPC data is then linked to a National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW. In this paper, details of the architecture and insight into applicability to other systems are presented.

TUPPT004	The Development of Control System for 9 MeV Cyclotron	controls, cyclotron, status, rf-amplifier	159
	Y.S. Lee, J.-S. Chai, S.Y. Jung, H.S. Kim, H.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.H. Lee, J.K. Park, S. Shin, H.S. Song, Y.H. Yeon SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea K.-H. Park PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	The Sungkyunkwan University has developed the 9 MeV cyclotron for producing radio isotopes. In order to operate the cyclotron stably, all sub-systems in the cyclotron are controlled and monitored consistently. Therefore, each sub-system includes control devices, which is developed based on PLC, or DSP chip and the sub control modules interface with main control system in real time. As main control system, we choose the CompactRIO system from NI (National Instrument) to take into account the latency and robust control. The control system has high-performance processor running real-time OS, so that the system can control the cyclotron fast and exactly. In addition, the system can be remotely accessed over the network to monitor the status of cyclotron easily. The configuration of control system for 9 MeV cyclotron and performance test result will be described in this paper.

TUPPT006	The Development of Radial Probe for CYCIAE-100	target, cyclotron, controls, injection	165
	F.P. Guan, Z.G. Li, C. Wang, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In the design of CYCIAE-100 beam diagnostics system, three radial probes distribute on the mid plane. These radial probes can be used for beam centering measurement. By blocking beam on five finger target and one stopping block, the radial probe can measure the radial and axial envelope of H⁻ beam at the same time. During beam commissioning, the radial probe can also be used for beam intensity measurement. The changeable probe head design makes it possible to replace the damaged part and optimization of the structure.

TUPPT026	The Design and Testing of an Automatic RF Conditioning System for the Compact Medical Cyclotron	multipactoring, cyclotron, controls, feedback	209
	Y. Lei, B. Ji, P.Z. Li, C. Wang, J.Y. Wei, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The multipacting phenomenon for a compact medical cyclotron is induced by the fringing magnet field inside the accelerating structure. And it will become more interesting, when the vacuum system is equipped with diffusion pump. A method used for CYCIAE-14 cavity conditioning is reported together with the testing results of an automatic conditioning circuit designed on such basis. Apart from traditional Low Level RF control, in which close-loop regulation plays an important role, the automatic conditioning system emphasizes on the cavity startup process. It takes advantage of the modern digital signal processing technique, combined with the direct digital synthesizer to accurately limit the reflection, will condition the cavity by means of sweeping frequency, using the low RF driven power, in continuous wave mode. The electronics are designed and tested first; it will be used later in the RF system commissioning of other compact medical cyclotrons built by BRIF division of CIAE.

TUPPT028	Development of 20 kW RF Amplifier for Compact Cyclotron	impedance, rf-amplifier, cyclotron, cathode	212
	S.H. Lee, J.-S. Chai, T.V. Cong, H.S. Kim, Y.S. Lee, H.S. Song, Y.H. Yeon SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea J.H. Kim KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by Nuclear R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. (2012-0925001) Compact cyclotron for PET RI production accelerates H⁻ ions using electric field. For accelerating ions in cyclotron, RF amplifier is developed to transmit RF power to RF resonating cavity. RF amplifier generates high-power RF signal up to 20 kW with narrow band frequency. The amplifier device was used of triode vacuum tube operated in cathode-driven. Impedance matching systems were composed of bridge-network system. Components of impedance matching system had rigid structure to endure high-power RF signal. Variable inductors of matching components have been used of short-bar movement system for changing reactance of characteristic impedance. The experiment results were measured by VSWR meter and network analyzer.

TUPPT030	Development of 1.5 kW RF Driver for Compact Cyclotron	cathode, impedance, rf-amplifier, cyclotron	218
	H.S. Song, J.-S. Chai, T.V. Cong, S.Y. Jung, H.S. Kim, S.H. Lee, Y.S. Lee, S. Shin, Y.H. Yeon SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea J.H. Kim KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	1.5 kW RF driver is being designed and manufactured with the resonance frequency of 83.2 MHz. Triode (3CX1500A7) is used for RF power amplification, and ground grid amplifier (G.G. Amp.) type was adopted for this RF driver since the circuit design and realization is simple. Anode, and cathode voltage of RF driver is approximately 3500V, and 5V respectively. In this paper, impedance matching process of RF driver is described. Variable capacitor and variable inductor is utilized to implement the impedance matching for cathode and anode. In addition, RF power output characteristics compared with RF input is shown.

TUPSH009	Magnetic Field Mapping of the Best 70 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, alignment, target, controls	239
	F.S. Grillet, B.F. Milton BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada D.T. Montgomery Cedarflat Precision Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
	As is well known, the mapping of a cyclotron magnet presents several key challenges including requirements for a high degree of accuracy and difficult space constraints in the region to be measured. Several novel solutions were used to create the mapper for the Best 70 MeV cyclotron, which is based on an earlier version used to map the Best 14 MeV cyclotron. Based on a temperature compensated 3-Axis hall probe that is continuously sampled while the probe travels along a radial arm a high degree of positional accuracy is achieved by simultaneously sampling optical encoders located with the probe. A novel implementation using air bearings and air jets provides axial rotation of the arm with almost no metal parts. The mapper has achieved a full 360 degree map in 1 degree theta steps, and 2.5mm radial steps in 2 hours and 40 minutes, with a relative radial accuracy of ±0.02mm and angular accuracy of ±0.001 degrees. This paper will describe how the simultaneous challenges of designing with no metal parts while achieving a high degree of rigidity and precision have been addressed.

WE1PB01	The Houghton College Cyclotron: a Tool for Educating Undergraduates	cyclotron, target, ion, resonance	286
	M.E. Yuly Houghton College, Houghton, New York, USA
	The cyclotron is an ideal undergraduate research project because its operation and use involve so many of the principles covered in the undergraduate physics curriculum – from resonant circuits to nuclear reactions. The physics program at Houghton College, as part of an emphasis on active learning, requires all majors to complete a multiyear research project culminating in an undergraduate thesis. Over the past ten years seven students have constructed a working 1.2 T tabletop cyclotron theoretically capable of producing approximately 400 keV protons. The construction and performance of the cyclotron will be discussed, as well as its use as an educational tool.
	Slides WE1PB01 [28.909 MB]

WE1PB03	COLUMBUS - A Small Cyclotron for School and Teaching Purposes	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, impedance	296
	C.R. Wolf FZJ, Jülich, Germany M. J. Frank, E. Held Ernes, Coburg, Germany
	A small cyclotron has been constructed for school- and teaching purposes. The cyclotron uses a water-cooled magnet with adjustable pole-pieces. The magnet provides a field up to 0,7 T. Between the two poles the vacuum chamber is positioned. The vacuum chamber provides ports for the different subsystems, measuring tools and some viewports. A turbo molecular pump backed up by a dry compressor vacuum pump is used to evacuate the chamber to a pressure of 10^-5 mbar. The ions will be accelerated between two brass RF electrodes, called dee and dummy-dee. In the center of the chamber there is a thermionic ion source. A massflow controller fills it with hydrogen gas ionized by electrons from a cathode. The required 5,63 MHz RF power is supplied by a RF transceiver. A matchingbox adjusts the output impedance of the transceiver to the input impedance of the cyclotron. The expected final energies of the protons are 24 keV after 12 revolutions. At these energies there is no radiation outside the chamber. In addition to the design of this cyclotron it is the purpose of this dissertation to use standard devices to realize a low-cost solution.
	Slides WE1PB03 [6.246 MB]

WE1PB05	The Cyclotron Kids' 2 MeV Proton Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion-source, ion, target	302
	H. Baumgartner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Two high school students (the "Cyclotron Kids") decided they wanted to build a small cyclotron by themselves in 2008. After researching and designing on their own, they looked for a way to fund their science project. After the students sent out tens of letters looking for sponsors, Jefferson Lab replied, offering funding and mentorship. Over several summers, the students worked at Jefferson Lab to take the cyclotron from the drawing board to near-completion. The cyclotron is now at Old Dominion University, where it will be used as an educational tool in the accelerator physics program.
	Slides WE1PB05 [4.545 MB]

WEPPT028	Proposal for High Power Cyclotrons Test Site in Catania	cyclotron, ion, proton, extraction	378
	L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. Celona, L. Cosentino, C. Cui, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA R.R. Johnson BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada L. AC. Piazza INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The IsoDAR and DAEδALUS experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions in the cyclotrons. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. Building on the first experiments at Best Cyclotrons, Vancouver (Abstract 1261), a larger-scale test cyclotron will be built at INFN-LNS in Catania. This cyclotron will be designed for 7 MeV/n (Q/A = 0.5; H²⁺ or He⁺+). After the first year of operation dedicated at optimization of the central region for the injection of high intensity Q/A = 0.5 beams, the cyclotron will be modified to allow the acceleration of H⁻ up to an energy of 28 MeV. The main characteristics of the machine and the planned test stand will be presented.

WEPPT030	High Intensity Compact Cyclotron for ISODAR Experiment	cyclotron, injection, target, extraction	384
	D. Campo, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, L.M. Bartoszek, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad, M. Toups MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA A. Adelmann PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland L. Calabretta, C. Cui, G. Gallo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy R. Gutierrez-Martinez, L.A. Winslow UCLA, Los Angeles, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	IsoDAR is an experiment proposed to look for the existence of sterile neutrinos. These are additional neutrino states beyond the "standard" 3-nu paradigm, are predicted to exist to explain anomalies in several neutrino experiments. In IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest), electron antineutrinos produced in a target ~15 meters from a kiloton-scale detector would oscillate into and out of the sterile state within the extent of the detector, producing a sinusoidal event rate as a function of distance from the target. The nu-e-bar flux arises from decay of 8Li, produced when a high-current beam of protons or deuterons strikes a beryllium target either directly, or via secondary neutrons that interact in a large, ultra-pure 7Li sleeve surrounding the target. A compact Q/A = 0.5 cyclotron with top energy of 60 MeV/amu will be installed underground close to KamLAND. This cyclotron is a prototype for the DAEδALUS cyclotron chain (Paper WEPPT030). With a central field of 1.075T, it will operate in the 4th harmonic. Preliminary designs will be described, as well as possible solutions for transport and assembly of the machine through the very constricted access apertures of the Kamioka mine.

WEPSH003	Development of New Combined System for Production of FDG and NaF Radiopharmaceuticals	controls, monitoring, LabView, ion	390
	F. Dehghan, H. Afarideh, S. Jaloo AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Akhlaghi Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	In this work, we present a new combined system which produces FDG and NaF in separate runs. The needed for synthesis this radiopharmaceuticals are obtained by bombardment of highly enriched water with proton. The aim is development of routine systems to use with baby cyclotrons. In this study, the various chemical steps and required reagents as well as different reagent delivery methods has been investigated. This evaluation has been done with purpose of optimizing the performance of a conceptually simple device integrated into a fully automated synthesis procedure for radiosynthesis of FDG and NaF. In this system, we have used AVR microcontroller to control the process and LabVIEW software for monitoring the operation of system. Furthermore, Geiger Muller counters have been used to determine the activity to insure the accuracy of the systems operation.

WE4PB03	Optimizing the Radioisotope Production with a Weak Focusing Compact Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion-source, ion, focusing	429
	C. Oliver, P. Abramian, B. Ahedo, P. Arce, J.M. Barcala, J. Calero, E. Calvo, L. García-Tabarés, D. Gavela, A. Guirao, J.L. Gutiérrez, J.I. Lagares, L.M. Martinez Fresno, T. Martínez de Alvaro, E. Molina Marinas, J. Munilla, D. Obradors-Campos, F.J. Olivert, J.M. Perez Morales, I. Podadera, E. Rodriguez, L. Sanchez, F. Sansaloni, F. Toral, C. Vázquez CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	A classical weak focusing cyclotron can result in a simple and compact design for the radioisotope production for medical applications. Two main drawbacks arise from this type of machine. The energy limit imposed by the non RF-particle isochronism requires a careful design of the acceleration process, resulting in challenging requirements for the RF system. On the other hand, the weak focusing forces produced by the slightly decreasing magnetic field make essential to model the central region of the machine to improve the electric focalization with a reasonable phase acceptance. A complete analysis of the different beam losses, including vacuum stripping, has been performed. The main cyclotron parameters have been obtained by balancing the maximum energy we can obtain and the maximum beam transmission, resulting in an optimum radioisotope production.
	Slides WE4PB03 [2.904 MB]

TH2PB01	Design of Ultra-Light Superconducting Proton Cyclotron for Production of Isotopes for Medical Applications	cyclotron, ion, shielding, proton	446
	M.K. Dey, A. Chakrabarti, A. Dutta Gupta VECC, Kolkata, India
	A new design has been explored for a superconducting-coil-based compact cyclotron, which has many practical benefits over conventional superconducting cyclotrons. The iron yoke and poles in conventional superconducting cyclotrons have been avoided in this design. The azimuthally varying field is generated by superconducting sector-coils. The superconducting sector-coils and the circular main-coils have been housed in a single cryostat. It has resulted in an ultra-light 25 MeV proton cyclotron weighing about 2000 kg. Further, the sector coils and the main coils are fed by independent power supplies, which allow flexibility of operation through on-line magnetic field trimming. Here, we present design calculations and the engineering considerations, focused on making the cyclotron ideally suited for the production of radioisotopes for medical applications.
	Slides TH2PB01 [9.625 MB]

FR1PB01	Operation Mode of AIC-144 Multipurpose Isochronous Cyclotron for Eye Melanoma Treatment	cyclotron, extraction, proton, acceleration	461
	G.A. Karamysheva, I. Amirkhanov, I.N. Kiyan, N.A. Morozov, E. Samsonov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia K. Daniel, K. Gugula, J. Sulikowski IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
	Computational and experimental results concerning acceleration and extraction of the 60-MeV proton beam at AIC-144 cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kraków, Poland) are considered. A proton beam of the AIC-144 cyclotron is accelerated without large losses in the radial region of 12-62 cm and is extracted from the cyclotron with a pretty good overall efficiency of ~35%. The beam was used for successful treatment of 15 patients in 2011-2012.
	Slides FR1PB01 [3.828 MB]

FR2PB02	Cyclotron Production of Tc-99m	target, cyclotron, TRIUMF, proton	482
	K.R. Buckley TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Concern over past and impending shortages of Tc-99m have led to renewed interest in the cyclotron production of Tc-99m - the most used radionuclide in Nuclear Medicine. TRIUMF has led a collaboration to implement the irradiation of Mo-100 solid targets on cyclotrons previously only used for the production of PET radionuclides. The technology and irradiation conditions that are critical parameters affecting the purity of the Tc-99m will be presented.
	Slides FR2PB02 [9.058 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPPT010

On-Going Operations with the Cyclotron C70 ARRONAX

cyclotron, target, proton, isotope-production

49

F. Poirier, S. Girault, X. Goiziou, F. Gomez, C. Huet, L. Lamouric, E. Mace, J. Orsonneau, L. Perrigaud, D. Poyac, H. Trichet, N. Varmenot
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
S. Girault, F. Poirier
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
C. Huet
EMN, Nantes, France
E. Mace
INSERM, Nantes, France
N. Varmenot
ICO, Saint - Herblain, France

The multi-particle cyclotron C70 ARRONAX, located at Nantes, France is used to accelerate non- concurrently four types of particles downstream several beamlines. The particle energy and intensity range of the cyclotron has allowed a wide variety of application including radiolysis, neutron and isotope productions, and physics experiments. Also regular operations are performed both with dual beam runs at 2x100 μA for isotope production and at 350 μA for neutron production using 70 MeV proton beams. At low intensity, 70 MeV alpha beam is one distinctive feature of the machine with the possibility to use pulsed beam with variable time between two consecutive bunches. The status of the machine is presented as well as the operational updates on the beamlines, including the alpha particle pulsing system, the newly installed alpha degrader and beam loss monitor being developed for high intensity runs.

MOPPT013

Status Report on the Gustav Werner Cyclotron at TSL, Uppsala

cyclotron, proton, ion, ECR

58

D. van Rooyen, B. Gålnander, M.E. Lindberg, T. Lofnes, T. Peterson, M. Pettersson
TSL, Uppsala, Sweden

TSL has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 with nuclear physics phased out, the CELSIUS ring dismantled and the WASA detector moved to Jülich. The focus of activities became thereby shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. The increase in demand on (a) beam time and b) consequential faster changes between various set-ups necessitated some minor upgrades. Two of these will be presented. For the same reason our energy measuring system needed to be streamlined. As a consequence of the restructuring, night shifts have been phased out. Studies indicated that a substantial energy saving can be accomplished by switching off certain power supplies. Results of this energy saving programme will be presented. The future? In 2012 our ECR ion source has been “recalled to life”, the purpose being to investigate radiation of electronics and thin films (micropore industry). The results for three test runs with heavy ions will be mentioned. Will TSL be able to survive after the Skandion Clinic has taken over Cancer Therapy with protons?

MOPPT014

Installation and Test Progress for CYCIAE-100

ion, cyclotron, ion-source, extraction

61

T.J. Zhang, Shizhong. An, F. Yang, H. Yi
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The 100 MeV high intensity compact cyclotron CYCIAE-100 being built at CIAE adopts an external ion source system, accelerates H⁻ ions up to 100 MeV and provides dual proton beams by stripping. The status at different stages, including the preliminary design*, technical design and construction preparation**, and progress***, was reported at previous conferences. The ground breaking ceremony for the building was conducted in April, 2011. Then in September of 2012, the major systems for the machine, including the 435-ton main magnet, two 46.8 kAT exciting main coils, 200-ton hydraulic elevating system with a precision of 0.02mm, high precision magnetic mapper, the 1.27m high vacuum chamber, two 100kW RF amplifiers, magnet power supplies etc., have been in place for installation. The paper will demonstrate the results of high precision machining and installation of large scale magnet, mapping and shimming with vacuum deformation, study on the multipacting effects and RF conditioning. The test results for the 18mA H⁻ ion source and injection line as well as the cryopanel and vacuum system will also be presented. The first beam is expected in the latter half of this year.
*ICCA, 2004, Tokyo, Japan
**ICCA, 2007, Giardini Naxos, Italy
***ICCA, 2010, Lanzhou, China

MOPPT020

Study of a Superconducting Compact Cyclotron for Delivering 20 MeV High Current Proton Beam

cyclotron, ion, extraction, proton

76

M.M. Maggiore
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Bromberg, C.E. Miller, J.V. Minervini, A. Radovinsky
MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Compact cyclotrons which accelerate high current of H⁻ ions in the range of 10-30MeV have been widely used over the last 25 years for medical isotope production and other applications. For a number of these, low weight, low power consumption, portability or low radiation background are key design requirements. We have evaluated the feasibility of a compact superconducting cyclotron that would provide proton beams up to 20 MeV by accelerating H⁻ ions and extracting them by the stripping process with current of 100uA. The study demonstrates that the survival of the H⁻ ion under high magnetic field environment could be large enough to guarantee low beam losses as long as the RF voltage is high. The compact cyclotron is energized by a set of superconducting coils providing the needed magnetic field, while the azimuthal varying field is done by four iron sectors. Additional superconducting coils are added to minimize the stray magnetic field, eliminating the need for a return yoke. The option of accelerating negative deuteron molecules has also been considered and is presented.

TU2PB02

The New Axial Buncher at INFN-LNS

cyclotron, controls, impedance, ion-source

147

A.C. Caruso, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
F. Consoli
Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Frascati (Rome), Italy
P.Z. Li
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Sura
Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

A new axial buncher for the K-800 superconducting cyclotron is under construction at LNS. This new device will replace the present buncher installed along the vertical beam line, inside the yoke of the cyclotron at about half a metre from the medium plane. Maintenance and technical inspection are very difficult to carry out in this situation. The new buncher will still be placed along the axial beam line, just before the bottom side of the cyclotron yoke. It consists of a drift tube driven by a sinusoidal RF signal in the range of 15-50 MHz, a matching box, an amplifier, and an electronic control system. A more accurate mechanical design of the beam line portion will allow for the direct electric connection of the matching box to the ceramic feed-through and drift tube. This particular design will minimize, or totally avoid, any connection through coaxial transmission line. It will reduce the entire geometry, the total RF power and the maintenance. In brief, the new axial buncher will be a compact system including beam line portion, drift tube, ceramic feed-through, matching box, amplifier and control system interface in a single structure.

Slides TU2PB02 [7.623 MB]

TUPPT001

Control System of 10 MeV Baby Cyclotron

controls, cyclotron, LabView, interlocks

156

A. Abdorrahman, H. Afarideh, G.R. Aslani, S. Malakzade
AUT, Tehran, Iran
A. Afshar
Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

For controlling all the equipment and services required for operating the 10 MeV baby cyclotron and optimizing various parameters, an extensive control system is used. Most of the control systems are located in the control room which is situated outside the biological shield. The control console in the control room has switches for all the power supplies like main magnet, radio frequency system, vacuum system, ion-source, deflector, etc. Several Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC's) which are located near the equipment control the whole system. A technique of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is presented to monitor, control, and log actions of the PLC's on a PC through use of I/O communication interface coupled with an Open Process Control/Object Linking and Embedding [OLE] for Process Control (OPC) Server/Client architecture. In order to monitor and control different part of system, OPC data is then linked to a National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW. In this paper, details of the architecture and insight into applicability to other systems are presented.

TUPPT004

The Development of Control System for 9 MeV Cyclotron

controls, cyclotron, status, rf-amplifier

159

Y.S. Lee, J.-S. Chai, S.Y. Jung, H.S. Kim, H.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, J.C. Lee, S.H. Lee, J.K. Park, S. Shin, H.S. Song, Y.H. Yeon
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
K.-H. Park
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

The Sungkyunkwan University has developed the 9 MeV cyclotron for producing radio isotopes. In order to operate the cyclotron stably, all sub-systems in the cyclotron are controlled and monitored consistently. Therefore, each sub-system includes control devices, which is developed based on PLC, or DSP chip and the sub control modules interface with main control system in real time. As main control system, we choose the CompactRIO system from NI (National Instrument) to take into account the latency and robust control. The control system has high-performance processor running real-time OS, so that the system can control the cyclotron fast and exactly. In addition, the system can be remotely accessed over the network to monitor the status of cyclotron easily. The configuration of control system for 9 MeV cyclotron and performance test result will be described in this paper.

TUPPT006

The Development of Radial Probe for CYCIAE-100

target, cyclotron, controls, injection

165

F.P. Guan, Z.G. Li, C. Wang, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In the design of CYCIAE-100 beam diagnostics system, three radial probes distribute on the mid plane. These radial probes can be used for beam centering measurement. By blocking beam on five finger target and one stopping block, the radial probe can measure the radial and axial envelope of H⁻ beam at the same time. During beam commissioning, the radial probe can also be used for beam intensity measurement. The changeable probe head design makes it possible to replace the damaged part and optimization of the structure.

TUPPT026

The Design and Testing of an Automatic RF Conditioning System for the Compact Medical Cyclotron

multipactoring, cyclotron, controls, feedback

209

Y. Lei, B. Ji, P.Z. Li, C. Wang, J.Y. Wei, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The multipacting phenomenon for a compact medical cyclotron is induced by the fringing magnet field inside the accelerating structure. And it will become more interesting, when the vacuum system is equipped with diffusion pump. A method used for CYCIAE-14 cavity conditioning is reported together with the testing results of an automatic conditioning circuit designed on such basis. Apart from traditional Low Level RF control, in which close-loop regulation plays an important role, the automatic conditioning system emphasizes on the cavity startup process. It takes advantage of the modern digital signal processing technique, combined with the direct digital synthesizer to accurately limit the reflection, will condition the cavity by means of sweeping frequency, using the low RF driven power, in continuous wave mode. The electronics are designed and tested first; it will be used later in the RF system commissioning of other compact medical cyclotrons built by BRIF division of CIAE.

TUPPT028

Development of 20 kW RF Amplifier for Compact Cyclotron

impedance, rf-amplifier, cyclotron, cathode

212

S.H. Lee, J.-S. Chai, T.V. Cong, H.S. Kim, Y.S. Lee, H.S. Song, Y.H. Yeon
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
J.H. Kim
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by Nuclear R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. (2012-0925001)
Compact cyclotron for PET RI production accelerates H⁻ ions using electric field. For accelerating ions in cyclotron, RF amplifier is developed to transmit RF power to RF resonating cavity. RF amplifier generates high-power RF signal up to 20 kW with narrow band frequency. The amplifier device was used of triode vacuum tube operated in cathode-driven. Impedance matching systems were composed of bridge-network system. Components of impedance matching system had rigid structure to endure high-power RF signal. Variable inductors of matching components have been used of short-bar movement system for changing reactance of characteristic impedance. The experiment results were measured by VSWR meter and network analyzer.

TUPPT030

Development of 1.5 kW RF Driver for Compact Cyclotron

cathode, impedance, rf-amplifier, cyclotron

218

H.S. Song, J.-S. Chai, T.V. Cong, S.Y. Jung, H.S. Kim, S.H. Lee, Y.S. Lee, S. Shin, Y.H. Yeon
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
J.H. Kim
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea

1.5 kW RF driver is being designed and manufactured with the resonance frequency of 83.2 MHz. Triode (3CX1500A7) is used for RF power amplification, and ground grid amplifier (G.G. Amp.) type was adopted for this RF driver since the circuit design and realization is simple. Anode, and cathode voltage of RF driver is approximately 3500V, and 5V respectively. In this paper, impedance matching process of RF driver is described. Variable capacitor and variable inductor is utilized to implement the impedance matching for cathode and anode. In addition, RF power output characteristics compared with RF input is shown.

TUPSH009

Magnetic Field Mapping of the Best 70 MeV Cyclotron

cyclotron, alignment, target, controls

239

F.S. Grillet, B.F. Milton
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
D.T. Montgomery
Cedarflat Precision Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

As is well known, the mapping of a cyclotron magnet presents several key challenges including requirements for a high degree of accuracy and difficult space constraints in the region to be measured. Several novel solutions were used to create the mapper for the Best 70 MeV cyclotron, which is based on an earlier version used to map the Best 14 MeV cyclotron. Based on a temperature compensated 3-Axis hall probe that is continuously sampled while the probe travels along a radial arm a high degree of positional accuracy is achieved by simultaneously sampling optical encoders located with the probe. A novel implementation using air bearings and air jets provides axial rotation of the arm with almost no metal parts. The mapper has achieved a full 360 degree map in 1 degree theta steps, and 2.5mm radial steps in 2 hours and 40 minutes, with a relative radial accuracy of ±0.02mm and angular accuracy of ±0.001 degrees. This paper will describe how the simultaneous challenges of designing with no metal parts while achieving a high degree of rigidity and precision have been addressed.

WE1PB01

The Houghton College Cyclotron: a Tool for Educating Undergraduates

cyclotron, target, ion, resonance

286

M.E. Yuly
Houghton College, Houghton, New York, USA

The cyclotron is an ideal undergraduate research project because its operation and use involve so many of the principles covered in the undergraduate physics curriculum – from resonant circuits to nuclear reactions. The physics program at Houghton College, as part of an emphasis on active learning, requires all majors to complete a multiyear research project culminating in an undergraduate thesis. Over the past ten years seven students have constructed a working 1.2 T tabletop cyclotron theoretically capable of producing approximately 400 keV protons. The construction and performance of the cyclotron will be discussed, as well as its use as an educational tool.

Slides WE1PB01 [28.909 MB]

WE1PB03

COLUMBUS - A Small Cyclotron for School and Teaching Purposes

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, impedance

296

C.R. Wolf
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
M. J. Frank, E. Held
Ernes, Coburg, Germany

A small cyclotron has been constructed for school- and teaching purposes. The cyclotron uses a water-cooled magnet with adjustable pole-pieces. The magnet provides a field up to 0,7 T. Between the two poles the vacuum chamber is positioned. The vacuum chamber provides ports for the different subsystems, measuring tools and some viewports. A turbo molecular pump backed up by a dry compressor vacuum pump is used to evacuate the chamber to a pressure of 10^-5 mbar. The ions will be accelerated between two brass RF electrodes, called dee and dummy-dee. In the center of the chamber there is a thermionic ion source. A massflow controller fills it with hydrogen gas ionized by electrons from a cathode. The required 5,63 MHz RF power is supplied by a RF transceiver. A matchingbox adjusts the output impedance of the transceiver to the input impedance of the cyclotron. The expected final energies of the protons are 24 keV after 12 revolutions. At these energies there is no radiation outside the chamber. In addition to the design of this cyclotron it is the purpose of this dissertation to use standard devices to realize a low-cost solution.

Slides WE1PB03 [6.246 MB]

WE1PB05

The Cyclotron Kids' 2 MeV Proton Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, ion, target

302

H. Baumgartner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Two high school students (the "Cyclotron Kids") decided they wanted to build a small cyclotron by themselves in 2008. After researching and designing on their own, they looked for a way to fund their science project. After the students sent out tens of letters looking for sponsors, Jefferson Lab replied, offering funding and mentorship. Over several summers, the students worked at Jefferson Lab to take the cyclotron from the drawing board to near-completion. The cyclotron is now at Old Dominion University, where it will be used as an educational tool in the accelerator physics program.

Slides WE1PB05 [4.545 MB]

WEPPT028

Proposal for High Power Cyclotrons Test Site in Catania

cyclotron, ion, proton, extraction

378

L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. Celona, L. Cosentino, C. Cui, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
R.R. Johnson
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
L. AC. Piazza
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The IsoDAR and DAEδALUS experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions in the cyclotrons. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. Building on the first experiments at Best Cyclotrons, Vancouver (Abstract 1261), a larger-scale test cyclotron will be built at INFN-LNS in Catania. This cyclotron will be designed for 7 MeV/n (Q/A = 0.5; H²⁺ or He⁺+). After the first year of operation dedicated at optimization of the central region for the injection of high intensity Q/A = 0.5 beams, the cyclotron will be modified to allow the acceleration of H⁻ up to an energy of 28 MeV. The main characteristics of the machine and the planned test stand will be presented.

WEPPT030

High Intensity Compact Cyclotron for ISODAR Experiment

cyclotron, injection, target, extraction

384

D. Campo, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, L.M. Bartoszek, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad, M. Toups
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
A. Adelmann
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
L. Calabretta, C. Cui, G. Gallo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
R. Gutierrez-Martinez, L.A. Winslow
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA
J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

IsoDAR is an experiment proposed to look for the existence of sterile neutrinos. These are additional neutrino states beyond the "standard" 3-nu paradigm, are predicted to exist to explain anomalies in several neutrino experiments. In IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest), electron antineutrinos produced in a target ~15 meters from a kiloton-scale detector would oscillate into and out of the sterile state within the extent of the detector, producing a sinusoidal event rate as a function of distance from the target. The nu-e-bar flux arises from decay of 8Li, produced when a high-current beam of protons or deuterons strikes a beryllium target either directly, or via secondary neutrons that interact in a large, ultra-pure 7Li sleeve surrounding the target. A compact Q/A = 0.5 cyclotron with top energy of 60 MeV/amu will be installed underground close to KamLAND. This cyclotron is a prototype for the DAEδALUS cyclotron chain (Paper WEPPT030). With a central field of 1.075T, it will operate in the 4th harmonic. Preliminary designs will be described, as well as possible solutions for transport and assembly of the machine through the very constricted access apertures of the Kamioka mine.

WEPSH003

Development of New Combined System for Production of FDG and NaF Radiopharmaceuticals

controls, monitoring, LabView, ion

390

F. Dehghan, H. Afarideh, S. Jaloo
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Akhlaghi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

In this work, we present a new combined system which produces FDG and NaF in separate runs. The needed for synthesis this radiopharmaceuticals are obtained by bombardment of highly enriched water with proton. The aim is development of routine systems to use with baby cyclotrons. In this study, the various chemical steps and required reagents as well as different reagent delivery methods has been investigated. This evaluation has been done with purpose of optimizing the performance of a conceptually simple device integrated into a fully automated synthesis procedure for radiosynthesis of FDG and NaF. In this system, we have used AVR microcontroller to control the process and LabVIEW software for monitoring the operation of system. Furthermore, Geiger Muller counters have been used to determine the activity to insure the accuracy of the systems operation.

WE4PB03

Optimizing the Radioisotope Production with a Weak Focusing Compact Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, ion, focusing

429

C. Oliver, P. Abramian, B. Ahedo, P. Arce, J.M. Barcala, J. Calero, E. Calvo, L. García-Tabarés, D. Gavela, A. Guirao, J.L. Gutiérrez, J.I. Lagares, L.M. Martinez Fresno, T. Martínez de Alvaro, E. Molina Marinas, J. Munilla, D. Obradors-Campos, F.J. Olivert, J.M. Perez Morales, I. Podadera, E. Rodriguez, L. Sanchez, F. Sansaloni, F. Toral, C. Vázquez
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

A classical weak focusing cyclotron can result in a simple and compact design for the radioisotope production for medical applications. Two main drawbacks arise from this type of machine. The energy limit imposed by the non RF-particle isochronism requires a careful design of the acceleration process, resulting in challenging requirements for the RF system. On the other hand, the weak focusing forces produced by the slightly decreasing magnetic field make essential to model the central region of the machine to improve the electric focalization with a reasonable phase acceptance. A complete analysis of the different beam losses, including vacuum stripping, has been performed. The main cyclotron parameters have been obtained by balancing the maximum energy we can obtain and the maximum beam transmission, resulting in an optimum radioisotope production.

Slides WE4PB03 [2.904 MB]

TH2PB01

Design of Ultra-Light Superconducting Proton Cyclotron for Production of Isotopes for Medical Applications

cyclotron, ion, shielding, proton

446

M.K. Dey, A. Chakrabarti, A. Dutta Gupta
VECC, Kolkata, India

A new design has been explored for a superconducting-coil-based compact cyclotron, which has many practical benefits over conventional superconducting cyclotrons. The iron yoke and poles in conventional superconducting cyclotrons have been avoided in this design. The azimuthally varying field is generated by superconducting sector-coils. The superconducting sector-coils and the circular main-coils have been housed in a single cryostat. It has resulted in an ultra-light 25 MeV proton cyclotron weighing about 2000 kg. Further, the sector coils and the main coils are fed by independent power supplies, which allow flexibility of operation through on-line magnetic field trimming. Here, we present design calculations and the engineering considerations, focused on making the cyclotron ideally suited for the production of radioisotopes for medical applications.

Slides TH2PB01 [9.625 MB]

FR1PB01

Operation Mode of AIC-144 Multipurpose Isochronous Cyclotron for Eye Melanoma Treatment

cyclotron, extraction, proton, acceleration

461

G.A. Karamysheva, I. Amirkhanov, I.N. Kiyan, N.A. Morozov, E. Samsonov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
K. Daniel, K. Gugula, J. Sulikowski
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland

Computational and experimental results concerning acceleration and extraction of the 60-MeV proton beam at AIC-144 cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kraków, Poland) are considered. A proton beam of the AIC-144 cyclotron is accelerated without large losses in the radial region of 12-62 cm and is extracted from the cyclotron with a pretty good overall efficiency of ~35%. The beam was used for successful treatment of 15 patients in 2011-2012.

Slides FR1PB01 [3.828 MB]

FR2PB02

Cyclotron Production of Tc-99m

target, cyclotron, TRIUMF, proton

482

K.R. Buckley
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Concern over past and impending shortages of Tc-99m have led to renewed interest in the cyclotron production of Tc-99m - the most used radionuclide in Nuclear Medicine. TRIUMF has led a collaboration to implement the irradiation of Mo-100 solid targets on cyclotrons previously only used for the production of PET radionuclides. The technology and irradiation conditions that are critical parameters affecting the purity of the Tc-99m will be presented.

Slides FR2PB02 [9.058 MB]