Cyclotrons2013 - List of Keywords (ECRIS)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO2PB03	Progress Toward the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M	ion, cyclotron, injection, heavy-ion	22
	D.P. May, B.T. Roeder, R.E. Tribble Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA J.E. Ärje JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773 The upgrade project at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University continues to make substantial progress toward the goal of providing radioactive beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron. The K150, which will function as a driver, is now used extensively to deliver both light and heavy ion beams for experiments. The ion-guide cave for the production and charge-breeding of low-energy radioactive beams has been constructed, and the light-ion guide (LIG) has been commissioned with an internal radioactive source. The charge breeding electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) has been commissioned with a source of stable 1+ ions, while the injection line leading to the K500 has been commissioned with the injection and acceleration of charge-bred beams. Despite the lack of good field maps, both light and heavy ions beams have been developed for the K150. Progress and plans, including those for the heavy-ion guide (HIG), are presented.
	Slides MO2PB03 [9.652 MB]

TU1PB01	High Intensity Operation for Heavy Ion Cyclotron of Highly Charged ECR Ion Sources	ion, cyclotron, ion-source, ECR	125
	L.T. Sun IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Modern advanced ECR ion source can provide stable and reliable high charge state ion beams for the routine operation of a cyclotron, which has made it irreplaceable, particularly with regard to the performance and efficiency that a cyclotron complex could achieve with the ion source. The 3rd generation ECR ion sources that can produce higher charge state and more intense ion beams have been developed and put into cyclotron operation since early 21st century. They have provided the privilege for the cyclotron performance improvement that has never been met before, especially in term of the delivered beam intensity and energy, which has greatly promoted the experimental research in nuclear physics. This paper will have a brief review about the development of modern high performance high charge state ECR ion sources. Typical advanced high charge state ECR ion sources with fully superconducting magnet, such as SERSE, VENUS, SECRAL, SuSI and RIKEN SC-ECRIS will be presented, and their high intensity operation status for cyclotrons will be introduced as well.
	Slides TU1PB01 [20.645 MB]

TU1PB02	Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Development	ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source	130
	T. Thuillier LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Trends in ECR ion source development and perspectives for performance improvement.
	Slides TU1PB02 [8.635 MB]

TU1PB03	PIC Simulations of Ion Dynamics in ECR Ion Sources	ion, plasma, extraction, ECR	134
	V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	To better understand the physical processes in ECRIS plasmas, we developed a Particle-in-Cell code that follows the ionization and diffusion dynamics of ions. The basic features of the numerical model are given elsewhere. Electron temperature is a free parameter and we found that its value should be about 1 keV to reproduce the experimentally observed performance of our 14 GHz ECR source. We assume that a pre-sheath is located outside the ECR zone, in which ion acceleration toward the walls occurs. Electric fields inside the ECR zone are assumed to be zero. The ion production is modelled assuming ion confinement by a ponderomotive barrier formed at the boundary of the ECR zone. The barrier height is defined by the RF radiation density at the electron resonance layer and is taken as an adjustable parameter. With these assumptions, we are able to reproduce the main features of ECRIS performance, such as saturation and decrease of highest charge state currents with increasing gas pressure, as well as reaction to an increase of injected RF power. Study of the source response to variations of the source parameters is possible. V. Mironov and J. P. M. Beijers, “Three-dimensional simulations of ion dynamics in the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 073501 (2009).
	Slides TU1PB03 [18.160 MB]

TUPPT013	Simulation of Sufficient Spindle Cusp Magnetic Field for 28 GHz ECRIS	plasma, ion, ECR, electron	180
	M.H. Rashid, A. Chakrabarti VECC, Kolkata, India
	A cusp magnetic field (CMF) configuration is proposed for achieving more plasma confinement. It is an improved version of CMF compared to the classical one used earlier to design arbitrarily ECR ion source (ECRIS) of low frequency. The CMF has been reconfigured here adopting a simple, novel and cost-effective technique to shrink the loss area and to achieve denser plasma than in traditional ECRIS. The strength of the electron (plasma) confinement is demonstrated through electron simulations. It consists of a mid-iron disk, two end-plugs and a pair of superconducting magnet coils cooled by cryo-coolers. It is designed for high-B mode operation of the cusp ECRIS of as high as 28 GHz RF frequency for producing an intense beam of highly charged heavy ions. The electric current in the coil at the extraction end can be manipulated to optimize the operation to achieve high extracted beam current of highly charged ions.

WE3PB03	Space Charge Compensation Measurements in the Injector Beam Lines of the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility	ion, electron, space-charge, cyclotron	417
	D. Winklehner, D.G. Cole, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Space charge compensation is a well-known phenomenon for high current injector beam lines. For beam lines using mostly magnetic focusing elements and for pressures above 10^-6 mbar, compensation (neutralization) up to 98% has been observed. However, due to the low pressures required for the efficient transport of high charge state ions, ion beams in ECR injector lines are typically only partly neutralized and space charge effects are present. With the dramatic performance increase of the next generation Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) it is possible to extract tens of mA of beams from ECR plasmas. Realistic beam transport simulations are important to meet the acceptance criteria of subsequent accelerator systems and have to include non-linear effects from space charge, but also space charge compensation. In this contribution we report on measurements of space charge compensation in the ECRIS low energy beam lines of the Coupled Cyclotron Facility at NSCL using a retarding field analyzer. Results are discussed and compared to simulations.
	Slides WE3PB03 [8.833 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MO2PB03

Progress Toward the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M

ion, cyclotron, injection, heavy-ion

22

D.P. May, B.T. Roeder, R.E. Tribble
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, H.L. Clark, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
J.E. Ärje
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

Funding: U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
The upgrade project at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University continues to make substantial progress toward the goal of providing radioactive beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 Cyclotron. The K150, which will function as a driver, is now used extensively to deliver both light and heavy ion beams for experiments. The ion-guide cave for the production and charge-breeding of low-energy radioactive beams has been constructed, and the light-ion guide (LIG) has been commissioned with an internal radioactive source. The charge breeding electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) has been commissioned with a source of stable 1+ ions, while the injection line leading to the K500 has been commissioned with the injection and acceleration of charge-bred beams. Despite the lack of good field maps, both light and heavy ions beams have been developed for the K150. Progress and plans, including those for the heavy-ion guide (HIG), are presented.

Slides MO2PB03 [9.652 MB]

TU1PB01

High Intensity Operation for Heavy Ion Cyclotron of Highly Charged ECR Ion Sources

ion, cyclotron, ion-source, ECR

125

L.T. Sun
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Modern advanced ECR ion source can provide stable and reliable high charge state ion beams for the routine operation of a cyclotron, which has made it irreplaceable, particularly with regard to the performance and efficiency that a cyclotron complex could achieve with the ion source. The 3rd generation ECR ion sources that can produce higher charge state and more intense ion beams have been developed and put into cyclotron operation since early 21st century. They have provided the privilege for the cyclotron performance improvement that has never been met before, especially in term of the delivered beam intensity and energy, which has greatly promoted the experimental research in nuclear physics. This paper will have a brief review about the development of modern high performance high charge state ECR ion sources. Typical advanced high charge state ECR ion sources with fully superconducting magnet, such as SERSE, VENUS, SECRAL, SuSI and RIKEN SC-ECRIS will be presented, and their high intensity operation status for cyclotrons will be introduced as well.

Slides TU1PB01 [20.645 MB]

TU1PB02

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Development

ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source

130

T. Thuillier
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Trends in ECR ion source development and perspectives for performance improvement.

Slides TU1PB02 [8.635 MB]

TU1PB03

PIC Simulations of Ion Dynamics in ECR Ion Sources

ion, plasma, extraction, ECR

134

V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

To better understand the physical processes in ECRIS plasmas, we developed a Particle-in-Cell code that follows the ionization and diffusion dynamics of ions. The basic features of the numerical model are given elsewhere*. Electron temperature is a free parameter and we found that its value should be about 1 keV to reproduce the experimentally observed performance of our 14 GHz ECR source. We assume that a pre-sheath is located outside the ECR zone, in which ion acceleration toward the walls occurs. Electric fields inside the ECR zone are assumed to be zero. The ion production is modelled assuming ion confinement by a ponderomotive barrier formed at the boundary of the ECR zone. The barrier height is defined by the RF radiation density at the electron resonance layer and is taken as an adjustable parameter. With these assumptions, we are able to reproduce the main features of ECRIS performance, such as saturation and decrease of highest charge state currents with increasing gas pressure, as well as reaction to an increase of injected RF power. Study of the source response to variations of the source parameters is possible.
*V. Mironov and J. P. M. Beijers, “Three-dimensional simulations of ion dynamics in the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 073501 (2009).

Slides TU1PB03 [18.160 MB]

TUPPT013

Simulation of Sufficient Spindle Cusp Magnetic Field for 28 GHz ECRIS

plasma, ion, ECR, electron

180

M.H. Rashid, A. Chakrabarti
VECC, Kolkata, India

A cusp magnetic field (CMF) configuration is proposed for achieving more plasma confinement. It is an improved version of CMF compared to the classical one used earlier to design arbitrarily ECR ion source (ECRIS) of low frequency. The CMF has been reconfigured here adopting a simple, novel and cost-effective technique to shrink the loss area and to achieve denser plasma than in traditional ECRIS. The strength of the electron (plasma) confinement is demonstrated through electron simulations. It consists of a mid-iron disk, two end-plugs and a pair of superconducting magnet coils cooled by cryo-coolers. It is designed for high-B mode operation of the cusp ECRIS of as high as 28 GHz RF frequency for producing an intense beam of highly charged heavy ions. The electric current in the coil at the extraction end can be manipulated to optimize the operation to achieve high extracted beam current of highly charged ions.

WE3PB03

Space Charge Compensation Measurements in the Injector Beam Lines of the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility

ion, electron, space-charge, cyclotron

417

D. Winklehner, D.G. Cole, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Space charge compensation is a well-known phenomenon for high current injector beam lines. For beam lines using mostly magnetic focusing elements and for pressures above 10^-6 mbar, compensation (neutralization) up to 98% has been observed. However, due to the low pressures required for the efficient transport of high charge state ions, ion beams in ECR injector lines are typically only partly neutralized and space charge effects are present. With the dramatic performance increase of the next generation Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) it is possible to extract tens of mA of beams from ECR plasmas. Realistic beam transport simulations are important to meet the acceptance criteria of subsequent accelerator systems and have to include non-linear effects from space charge, but also space charge compensation. In this contribution we report on measurements of space charge compensation in the ECRIS low energy beam lines of the Coupled Cyclotron Facility at NSCL using a retarding field analyzer. Results are discussed and compared to simulations.

Slides WE3PB03 [8.833 MB]