IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (radiation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOST030	Proton Irradiation Site for Si-Detectors at the Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron	cyclotron, proton, site, HOM	130
	D. Sauerland, R. Beck, P.D. Eversheim HISKP, Bonn, Germany J. Dingfelder, P. Wolf SiLab, Bonn, Germany
	The Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron provides proton, deuteron, alpha particle and other light ion beams with a charge-to-mass ratio Q/A of ’ 1/2 and kinetic energies ranging from 7 to 14 MeV per nucleon. At a novel irradiation site, a 14 MeV proton beam with a diameter of a few mm is utilized to homogeneously irradiate silicon detectors, so-called devices under test (DUTs), to perform radiation hardness studies. Homogeneous irradiation is achieved by moving the DUT through the beam in a row-wise scan pattern with constant velocity and a row separation smaller than the beam diameter. During the irradiation procedure, the beam parameters are continuously measured non-destructively using a calibrated, secondary electron emission-based beam monitor, installed at the exit window of the beamline. The diagnostics and the irradiation procedure ensure a homogeneous irradiation with a proton fluence error of smaller than 2 %. In this work, an overview of the accelerator facility is given and the irradiation site with its beam diagnostics is presented in detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST030
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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MOPOPT018	Advancing to a GHz Transition Radiation Monitor for Longitudinal Charge Distribution Measurements	vacuum, target, simulation, electron	267
	S. Klaproth, A. Penirschke THM, Friedberg, Germany H. De Gersem TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany T. Reichert, R. Singh GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract no. 05P21RORB2. Joint Project 05P2021 - R&D Accelerator (DIAGNOSE) In the past, longitudinal beam profiles have been measured with e.g., Feschenko monitors, Fast Faraday Cups (FFC)* and field monitors. Feschenko monitors usually examine an average shape over several pulses and FFCs are interceptive devices by design. In this work we want to present the progress in the development of a novel GHz diffraction radiation monitor which shall be able to measure the longitudinal charge distribution of single bunches within Hadron beam LINACS non-destructively. A proof-of-concept measurement has been performed at GSI. We aim for a resolution of 50 to 100ps at beam energies of β=0.05 to 0.74. electronic field simulations were performed using CST Particle Studio to determine an optimal RF-Window, which also suits as vacuum chamber and the beam energy and angular dependencies of the diffraction radiation for different materials were analyzed. * A. V. Feschenko (2001): Methods and Instrumentation for Bunch Shape Measurements. In Proc. PAC’01, paper ROAB002 ** G. Zhu et al (2018): Rev. Sci. Instrum. issn 0034-6748, doi :10.1063/1.5027608
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT018
About •	Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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MOPOPT024	Measuring the Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Far Field with Electro-Optical Techniques	laser, detector, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation	292
	C. Widmann, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, S. Funkner, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, G. Niehues, M.-D. Noll, M.M. Patil, M. Reißig, J.L. Steinmann KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany M. Brosi MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	Funding: M. M. P. acknowledges the support by the DFG-funded Doctoral School KSETA. C. W. achnowledges funding by BMBF contract number 05K19VKD. For measuring the temporal profile of the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) a setup based on electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) will be installed as part of the sensor network at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator). The EOSD technique allows a single-shot, phase sensitive measurement of the complete spectrum of the CSR far field radiation at each turn. Therefore, the dynamics of the bunch evolution, e.g. the microbunching, can be observed in detail. Especially, in synchronized combination with the already established near-field EOSD, this method could provide deeper insights in the interplay of bunch profile and CSR generation for each individual electron bunch. For a successful implementation of the EOSD single shot setup, measurements with electro-optical sampling (EOS) are performed. With EOS the THz pulse shape is scanned over several turns by shifting the delay of laser and THz pulse. In this contribution different steps towards the installation of the EOSD far field setup are summarized.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT024
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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MOPOPT031	Renovation of the SR Beam Profile Monitors with Novel Polycrystalline Diamond Mirrors at the SuperKEKB Accelerator	extraction, optics, laser, synchrotron	313
	G. Mitsuka, H. Ikeda, T.M. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	SR beam profile monitors are fundamental to perform the stable beam operation of SuperKEKB. To suppress thermal deformation of SR extraction mirrors–a long-standing issue in SR monitors–, we developed platinum coated diamond mirrors in 2019. The diamond mirrors are made with optical-quality polycrystal-diamond-substrate with extremely large thermal conductivity, and have a size of 20 mm (W) x 30 mm (H) x 2 mm (D). Surface flatness better than λ/5 was observed in an optical testing with a laser interferometer. The diamond mirrors have been installed in HER and LER in 2020 summer and 2021 summer, respectively. Through irradiation for an year at the beam current greater than 800 mA, no significant deformation of the diamond mirrors has been observed. In this talk, we will discuss the design, construction, and optical testing of the polycrystal diamond mirrors. Also beam measurements performed using an interferometer, a coronagraph, a streak camera, and a fast gate camera will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT031
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOPT033	Study of Cherenkov Diffraction Radiation for Beam Diagnostics	experiment, electron, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic	320
	H. Hama, K. Nanbu Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan
	Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) has been paid attention to non-beam-destructive diagnostics in these years. However, the physical understanding of ChDR is not well satisfied yet because of precise experimental observation is not much easier than one expects. Although we do not deny the Cherenkov radiation and ChDR are fully explained by the classical electromagnetics, we encounter a couple of difficulties in actual applications. For instance, the theory is usually established for the far-field observation, in spite of that the radiation is often observed near-field in the realistic beam diagnostic tools employing photon measurements. In addition, the theory, as a matter of course, includes some assumptions which is sometimes not valid for the specific experiments. We have carried out experiments for observation of coherent ChDR in THz frequency region by a using 100 femtosecond electron beam supplied by the t-ACTS accelerator at Tohoku University. In a flame work of this study an FDTD simulation in the large space has been developed as well. In this presentation, we will show the experimental results comparing with both the theory and the simulation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT033
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOPT037	Beam Measurement and Application of the Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Ion Source at KOMAC	ion-source, extraction, vacuum, experiment	328
	S.H. Lee, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) and the NRF (National Research Foundation) of Korea grant fund the Korea government (MSIT). The metal ion beam facility is developed based on the MEVVA* ion source at the KOMAC*. The MEVVA ion source has advantage that it can be extract almost metal ion species as well as high current ion beam. After the installation, we measured beam properties such as peak beam current, beam profile depending on the operation condition. The average charge state is measured in order to estimate the total dose. We evaluate the beam stability through the long-term beam extraction, and the measured the cathode erosion rate too. In addition, as one of the application fields, we irradiate the metal beam on the cathode of the fuel cell and measured the performance. In this paper, the beam measurement results, are summarized and fuel cell performances after metal beam irradiation are discussed. Korea Multi-purpose of Accelerator Complex **Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT037
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOPT051	Optical Fiber Based Beam Loss Monitor for SPS Machine	beam-losses, injection, septum, operation	374
	T. Pulampong, W. Phacheerak, P. Sudmuang, N. Suradet SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	At the Siam Photon Source (SPS) beam loss monitors based on PIN diode have been used. The existing system allow beam loss detection very locally at the monitor position close to the vacuum chamber. For optical fiber, Cherenkov radiation can be detected when a lost particle travel in the fiber. Thus optical fiber based loss monitor with sufficient length can cover parts of the machine conveniently. Fast beam loss event can be detected with more accurate position. In this paper, the design and result of the optical fiber based beam loss monitor system at SPS machine are discussed. The system will be a prototype for the new 3 GeV machine SPS-II.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT051
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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MOPOPT053	A Beam Position Monitor for Electron Bunch Detection in the Presence of a More Intense Proton Bunch for the AWAKE Experiment	electron, proton, plasma, experiment	381
	C. Pakuza, P. Burrows Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom P. Burrows, C. Pakuza JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom R. Corsini, W. Farabolini, P. Korysko, M. Krupa, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, E. Senes, M. Wendt CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN uses 6 cm long proton bunches extracted from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at 400 GeV beam energy to drive high gradient plasma wakefields for the acceleration of electron bunches to 2 GeV within a 10 m length. Knowledge and control of the position of both copropagating beams is crucial for the operation of the experiment. Whilst the current electron beam position monitoring system at AWAKE can be used in the absence of the proton beam, the proton bunch signal dominates when both particle bunches are present simultaneously. A new technique based on the generation of Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) in a dielectric material placed in close proximity to the particle beam has been designed to exploit the large bunch length difference of the particle beams at AWAKE, 200 ps for protons versus a few ps for electrons, such that the electron signal dominates. Hence, this technique would allow for the position measurement of a short electron bunch in the presence of a more intense but longer proton bunch. The design considerations, numerical analysis and plans for tests at the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) facility are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT053
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOPT063	Reconstruction of Beam Parameters from Betatron Radiation Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Machine Learning	betatron, simulation, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic	407
	S. Zhang, G. Andonian, C.E. Hansel, P. Manwani, B. Naranjo, M.H. Oruganti, J.B. Rosenzweig, M. Yadav UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA Ö. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch, M. Yadav The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, Contract No. DE-SC0009914 STFC Liver-pool Centre for Doctoral Training on Data Intensive Science, grant agreement ST/P006752/1 Betatron radiation that arises during plasma wakefield acceleration can be measured by a UCLA-built Compton spectrometer, which records the energy and angular position of incoming photons. Because information about the properties of the beam is encoded in the betatron radiation, measurements of the radiation can be used to reconstruct beam parameters. One method of extracting information about beam parameters from measurements of radiation is maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), a statistical technique which is used to determine unknown parameters from a distribution of observed data. In addition, machine learning methods, which are increasingly being implemented for different fields of beam diagnostics, can also be applied. We assess the ability of both MLE and other machine learning methods to accurately extract beam parameters from measurements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT063
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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MOPOTK003	Absorbed Dose Characteristics for Irradiation Experiments at AREAL 5 MeV Electron Linac	electron, experiment, simulation, gun	429
	V.G. Khachatryan, Z. Amirkhanyan, H. Davtyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, M. Ivanyan, V.H. Petrosyan, A. Vardanyan, A.S. Yeremyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia A. Grigoryan YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
	Existing electron photogun facility at the CANDLE SRI currently can provide electron beam with the energy up to 5 MeV. The beam is being used as an irradiation source in the number of material science and life science experiments. Performed beam particle tracking simulations along with intensive application of the beam diagnostic instruments (bending magnet, YAG stations, Faraday cups) allow control of the experimental samples’ irradiation parameters, particularly exposure times for given dose as well as absorbed dose spatial distribution. Direct application of the electron beam for the irradiation experiments allows achievement of high absorbed dose. For the calculation of the irradiation parameters of the experimental samples’ particle transport simulation results should be combined with the beam current measurements by Faraday Cup (FC). Dose measurements and the comparison with numerical simulations using various initial parameters (Transverse size, divergence and energy spread) permit to pin down their actual values.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK003
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOTK016	Arc Compressor Test in a Synchrotron - the ACTIS Project	linac, electron, synchrotron, detector	473
	M. Rossetti Conti, A. Bacci, I. Drebot, V. Petrillo, A.R. Rossi, M. Ruijter, L. Serafini INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy A. Curcio CLPU, Villamayor, Spain S. Di Mitri Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy G.W. Kowalski, R. Panaś, A.I. Wawrzyniak NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland V. Petrillo Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy E. Puppin Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy
	ACTIS (Arc Compressor Test In a Synchrotron) is an experiment aimed to demonstrate the reliability of arc compressors as lattices capable to increase peak current and brightness of an electron beam as it is bent at large angles. This kind of devices has been proposed at theoretical level in several works over the past decades and could be the key to achieve compact and sustainable Free Electron Lasers in the near future. The experiment has been developed since 2019 in the joint effort between INFN, Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Center and Elettra - S.T. S.C.p.A. The experiment will take place at Solaris (Kraków). Solaris is a synchrotron whose ring is injected by a 550 MeV linac that will be used to prepare the beam with a proper chirp. ACTIS involves also the commissioning of two beam length detectors to be installed downstream of the linac and of the first ring lap. In addition, the low energy model of the machine was built to identify the optimal working point for the experiment and to foresee the longitudinal profile of the beam that will be measured. In this work we present the experiment and report first results obtained in the study phase.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK016
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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MOPOTK031	10 TeV Center of Mass Energy Muon Collider	collider, dipole, quadrupole, focusing	515
	K. Skoufaris, C. Carli, D. Schulte CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A Muon collider can provide unique opportunities in high-energy physics as an energy frontier machine. However, a number of challenges have to be addressed during the design process primarily due to the short lifetime of muons. In this work, a lattice for a §I10{TeV} center-of-mass energy collider is presented. Some of the more important challenges faced are: the design of an interaction region with β^* values of the order of a few millimeters and an adequate chromatic compensation without sacrificing the physical and dynamic aperture, the flexibility to control the momentum compaction factor and the radiation generated where neutrinos from muons decays reach the surface. These issues are addressed with the development of a new chromatic correction scheme, the extensive use of flexible momentum compaction factor cells and the efficient control of the optical parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK031
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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MOPOMS015	Temporal and Spatial Characterization of Ultrafast Terahertz Near-Fields for Particle Acceleration	acceleration, electron, simulation, laser	656
	A.E. Gabriel, M.C. Hoffmann, E.A. Nanni, M.A.K. Othman SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. We have measured the THz near-field in order to inform the design of improved THz-frequency accelerating structures. THz-frequency accelerating structures could provide the accelerating gradients needed for next generation particle accelerators with compact, GV/m-scale devices. One of the most promising THz generation techniques for accelerator applications is optical rectification in lithium niobate using the tilted pulse front method. However, accelerator applications are limited by significant losses during transport of THz radiation from the generating nonlinear crystal to the acceleration structure. In addition, the spectral properties of high-field THz sources make it difficult to couple THz radiation into accelerating structures. A better understanding of the THz near-field source properties is necessary for the optimization of THz transport and coupling. We have developed a technique for detailed measurement of the THz near-fields and used it to reconstruct the full temporal 3D THz near-field close to the LN emission face. Analysis of the results from this measurement will inform designs of novel structures for use in THz particle acceleration.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS015
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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MOPOMS032	Compact-Two-Octave-Spanning Perpendicular Kicker of MeV Electrons Based on a Cubic Magnet Dipole Array	electron, dipole, laser, kicker	706
	T. Rohwer, R. Bazrafshan, F.X. Kärtner, N.H. Matlis Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany R. Bazrafshan University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany F.X. Kärtner The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany F.X. Kärtner CFEL, Hamburg, Germany P. Vagin DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Funding: This work has been supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) through the Synergy Grant AXSIS (609920). New compact particle acceleration structures, including but not limited to plasma, THz and direct laser driven accelerators, have in common that they cover a wide energy range of potential final energies and often show a large energy spread. Moreover, they may initially have a rather large emittance. To analyze the energy range of a single shot and/or to deflect the beam to safely dump the electrons away from an end-station requires an electron kicker covering a large energy range. Here, we present a magnetic dipole structure based on a 2D Halbach array. For the current experimental test accelerator in AXSIS, an electron beam in the energy range from 4 to 20 MeV is deflected by 90 degree and energetically dispersed. In direct contrast to a simple magnetic dipole, an array of cubic magnet blocks with tailored magnetization directions allows a focusing of the beam for both longitudinal and transverse directions at 90 degree bend. A generic algorithm optimizes the magnetic field array to the predefined deflection angle and divergence. The modular array structure, in combination with the algorithm enables a simple exchange of magnets to adapt for different beam parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS032
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
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MOPOMS040	Radiation Shielding Design for the X-Band Laboratory for Radio-Frequency Test Facility - X-Lab - at the University of Melbourne	electron, controls, simulation, operation	724
	M. Volpi, R.P. Rassool, S.L. Sheehy, G. Taylor, S.D. Williams The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia D. Banon-Caballero IFIC, Valencia, Spain M. Boronat, N. Catalán Lasheras CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland R.T. Dowd AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia S.L. Sheehy ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia
	Here we report radiation dose estimates calculated for the X-band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (X-LAB) under construction at the University of Melbourne (UoM). The lab will host a CERN X-band test stand containing two 12 GHz 6 MW klystron amplifiers. By power combination through hybrid couplers and the use of pulse compressors, up to 50 MW of peak power can be sent to any of to either of the two test slots at pulse repetition rates up to 400 Hz. The test stand is dedicated to RF conditioning and testing CLIC’s high gradient accelerating structures beyond 100 MV/m. This paper also gives a brief overview of the general principles of radiation protection legislation; explains radiological quantities and units, including some basic facts about radioactivity and the biological effects of radiation; and gives an overview of the classification of radiological areas at X-LAB, radiation fields at high-energy accelerators, and the radiation monitoring system used at X-LAB. The bunker design to achieve a dose rate less than annual dose limit of 1 mSv is also shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS040
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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MOPOMS042	Comparison Between Run 2 TID Measurements and FLUKA Simulations in the CERN LHC Tunnel of the Atlas Insertion Region	simulation, operation, experiment, luminosity	732
	D. Prelipcean, K. Biłko, F. Cerutti, A. Ciccotelli, D. Di Francesca, R. García Alía, B. Humann, G. Lerner, D. Ricci, M. Sabaté-Gilarte CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland B. Humann TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
	In this paper we present a systematic benchmark between the simulated and the measured data for the radiation monitors useful for Radiation to Electronics (R2E) studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. For this purpose, the radiation levels in the main LHC tunnel on the right side of the Interaction Point 1 (ATLAS detector) are simulated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and compared against Total Ionising Dose (TID) measurements performed with the Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system, and 180 m of Distributed Optical Fibre Radiation Sensor (DOFRS). Considering the complexity and the scale of the simulations as well as the variety of the LHC operational parameters, we find a generally good agreement between measured and simulated radiation levels, typically within a factor of 2 or better.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS042
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 23 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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MOPOMS043	Automated Analysis of the Prompt Radiation Levels in the CERN Accelerator Complex	proton, synchrotron, operation, extraction	736
	K. Biłko, R. García Alía, J.B. Potoine CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The CERN injector complex is essential in providing high-energy beams to various experiments and to the world’s largest accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Beam losses linked to its operation result in a mixed radiation field which, through both cumulative and single-event effects poses a threat to the electronic equipment exposed in the tunnel. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the radiation distribution and evolution is necessary in order to implement adequate Radiation to Electronics mitigation and prevention measures, resulting in an improvement of the accelerator efficiency and availability. In this study, we present the automated analysis scheme put in place to efficiently process and visualise the radiation data produced by various radiation monitors, distributed at the four largest CERN accelerators, namely the Proton Synchrotron Booster, Proton Synchrotron, Super Proton Synchrotron, and the LHC, where a proton beam is accelerated gradually from 160 MeV up to 7 TeV.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS043
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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MOPOMS044	Implications and Mitigation of Radiation Effects on the CERN SPS Operation during 2021	shielding, electronics, electron, operation	740
	Y.Q. Aguiar, A. Apollonio, K. Biłko, M. Brucoli, M. Cecchetto, S. Danzeca, R. García Alía, T. Ladzinski, G. Lerner, J.B. Potoine, A. Zimmaro CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2020), the CERN accelerator complex has undergone major upgrades, mainly in preparation for the High-Luminosity (HL) LHC era, the ultimate capacity for its physics production. Therefore, several novel equipment and systems were designed and deployed throughout the accelerator complex. To comply with the radiation level specifications and avoid machine downtime due to radiation effects, the electronics systems exposed to radiation need to follow Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) methodologies developed and validated by the Radiation to Electronics (R2E) project at CERN. However, the establishment of such procedures is not yet fully implemented in the LHC injector chain, and some R2E failures were detected in the SPS during the 2021 operation. This work is devoted to describing and analysing the R2E failures and their impact on operation, in the context of the related radiation levels and equipment sensitivity.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS044
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 21 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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MOPOMS050	Rigorous Approach for Calculation of Radiation of a Charged Particle Bunch Exiting an Open-Ended Dielectrically Loaded Waveguide	GUI, electron, wakefield, acceleration	757
	S.N. Galyamin Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia S. Baturin ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
	Funding: Work supported by Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-72-10137). Beam-driven radiation sources based on open-ended waveguide structures with dielectric filling are of essential interest due to their attractive possibilities to generate high-power narrow-band Cherenkov radiation. An important problem here is to effectively extract the radiation from the waveguide to the open space. Therefore, further development of this scheme requires rigorous mathematical approach describing the interaction of both charged particle bunch and produced radiation with the open end of a waveguide. In this report, we present the corresponding analytical approach based on our recent paper* where diffraction of a waveguide mode at the open end of a dielectrically loaded waveguide has been rigorously investigated. * D. Wang et al., Rev. Sci. Instruments, Vol. 89, 093301 (2018). ** S.N. Galyamin et al., IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn., Vol. 69, 2429-2438 (2021).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS050
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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TUOXGD1	Design and Construction of Optical System of the Coronagraph for Beam Halo Observation in the SuperKEKB	scattering, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, electron	769
	G. Mitsuka, H. Ikeda, T.M. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	For the observation of beam halo, the coronagraph is designed and constructed in the SuperKEKB. The coronagraph has three stages of optical systems, objective system, re-diffraction system and relay system. Since the SR monitor of SuperKEKB has a long optical path (60 m), we need an objective system with long focal length. The Aperture limit is determined by the diamond mirror which is set in 23.6 m from the source point. Therefore, we must assign this aperture for the entrance pupil of the objective system. For satisfying these conditions, we design a reflective telephoto system based on the Gregorian telescope for the objective system. The focal length is designed to 7028 mm. and front principal point position is designed to the position of diamond mirror. The result of construction, the performance of the objective system has a diffraction limited quality. The re-diffraction system and relay system are also designed based on Kepler type telescope. The result of optical testing using the beam in the HER, we achieved a contrast of 6 order magnitude. Some early result for the observation of beam halo in the HER will also present in this presentation.
	Slides TUOXGD1 [4.345 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXGD1
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUOXGD2	Wireless IoT in Particle Accelerators: A Proof of Concept with the IoT Radiation Monitor at CERN	network, monitoring, electron, electronics	772
	S. Danzeca, A.J. Cass, A. Masi, R. Sierra, A. Zimmaro CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem of web-enabled "smart devices" that integrates sensors and communication hardware to collect, send and act on data acquired from the surrounding environment. Use of the IoT in particle accelerators is not new, with accelerator systems long having been connected to the network to retrieve, send and analyse data. What has been missing is the IoT concept of "smart devices" and above all wireless connectivity. We report here on the advantages of using a particular IoT technology, LoRa, for the deployment of wireless radiation monitors within the CERN particle accelerator complex. IoT Radiation Monitors have been developed as a result of growing demand for radiation measurements where standard infrastructure is not available. As a radiation-tolerant device, the IoT Radiation Monitor is a powerful "eye" for observing the real-time radiation levels in the CERN accelerators. We describe here the technologies used for the project and the various advantages their deployment offers in a particle accelerator environment. This opens up the possibility for the deployment of heterogeneous implementations that would otherwise have been impractical.
	Slides TUOXGD2 [5.797 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXGD2
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUOXSP1	Origin and Mitigation of the Beam-Induced Surface Modifications of the LHC Beam Screens	electron, cryogenics, ECR, MMI	780
	V. Petit, P. Chiggiato, M. Himmerlich, S. Marinoni, H. Neupert, M. Taborelli, L.J. Tavian CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	All over Run 2, the LHC beam-induced heat load on the cryogenic system exhibited a wide scattering along the ring. Studies ascribed the heat source to electron cloud build-up, indicating an unexpected high Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam screen surface in some LHC regions. The inner copper surface of high and low heat load beam screens, extracted during the Long Shutdown 2, was analysed. On the low heat load ones, the surface was covered with the native Cu2O oxide, while on the high heat load ones CuO dominated at surface, and it exhibited a very low carbon coverage. Such chemical modifications increase the SEY and inhibit a proper conditioning of the affected surfaces. Following this characterisation, the mechanisms for CuO build-up in the LHC beam pipe were investigated on a newly commissioned cryogenic system allowing electron irradiation, surface chemical characterisation by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and SEY measurements on samples held below 15 K. In parallel, curative solutions against the presence of CuO in the LHC beam screens were explored, which could be implemented in-situ to recover a proper conditioning and lower the beam-induced heat load.
	Slides TUOXSP1 [2.669 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXSP1
About •	Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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TUOZSP1	Prospects for Optics Measuements in FCC-ee	optics, damping, dipole, collider	827
	J. Keintzel, R. Tomás García, F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Within the framework of the Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study, the design of the electron-positron collider FCC-ee is optimised, as a possible future double collider ring, currently foreseen to start operation during the 2040s. With close to 100 km of circumference and strong synchrotron radiation damping at highest beam energy, adequate beam measurements are needed to control the optics at the desired level. Various possible techniques to measure the optics in FCC-ee are explored, including the option of turn-by-turn measurements in combination with an AC-dipole.
	Slides TUOZSP1 [2.738 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZSP1
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOST049	Simulation Study for an Inverse Designed Narrowband THz Radiator for Ultrarelativistic Electrons	simulation, electron, experiment, photon	973
	G. Yadav, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom T. Feurer Universität Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, Bern, Switzerland U. Haeusler, A. Kirchner FAU, Erlangen, Germany B. Hermann, R. Ischebeck PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland P. Hommelhoff University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	THz radiation has many applications, including medical physics, pump-probe experiments, communications, and security systems. Dielectric grating structures can be used to generate cost-effective and beam synchronous THz radiation based on the Smith Purcell effect. We present a 3-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation study for the THz radiation emitted from an inverse designed grating structure after a 3 GeV electron bunch traverses through it. Our farfield simulation results show a narrowband emission spectrum centred around 881 um, close to the designed value of 900 um. The grating structure was experimentally tested at the SwissFEL facility, and our simulated spectrum shows good agreement with the observed one.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST049
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
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TUPOST051	Using Data Intensive Science for Accelerator Optimization	plasma, experiment, simulation, electron	980
	C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work was supported by STFC under grant agreement ST/P006752/1. Particle accelerators and light sources are some of the largest, most data intensive, and most complex scientific systems. The connections and relations between machine subsystems are complicated and often nonlinear with system dynamics involving large parameter spaces that evolve over multiple relevant time scales and accelerator systems. In 2017, the Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training in Data Intensive Science (LIV. DAT) was established. With almost 40 PhD students, the centre is now established as an international hub for training PhD students in data intensive science. This contribution presents results from studies carried out in LIV. DAT into novel high gradient accelerators with a focus on the data science techniques that were used. This includes studies into inverse-designed narrowband THz radiators for ultra-relativistic electrons, simulation of the transverse asymmetry and inhomogeneity on seeded self-modulation of beams in plasma, as well as studies into the physical aspects of collinear laser injection in Trojan Horse laser plasma experiments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST051
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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TUPOPT011	Start To End Simulation Study For Oscillator-Amplifier Free-Electron Laser	electron, simulation, FEL, cavity	1022
	H. Sun, Z.H. Zhu SINAP, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China C. Feng, B. Liu SARI-CAS, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Z.H. Zhu DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	External seeding techniques like high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) and echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) have been proposed and proven to be able to generate fully coherent radiation in the EUV and X-ray range. A big challenge is to combine the advantages of seeding schemes with high repetition rates. Recently, for seeding at a high repetition rate, an optical resonator scheme has been introduced to recirculate the radiation in the modulator to seed the high repetition rate electron bunches. Earlier studies have shown that a resonator-like modulator combined with an amplifier in high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) configuration can be used to generate radiation whose wavelength can reach the water window region. This scheme overcomes the limitation of requiring high repetition rate seed laser systems. In this contribution, we present start-to-end simulation results of a seeded oscillator-amplifier FEL scheme.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT011
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOPT014	The Status of the SASE3 Variable Polarization Project at the European XFEL	undulator, polarization, FEL, vacuum	1029
	S. Karabekyan, S. Abeghyan, M. Bagha-Shanjani, S. Casalbuoni, U. Englisch, W. Freund, G. Geloni, J. Grünert, S. Hauf, C. Holz, D. La Civita, J. Laksman, D. Mamchyk, M.P. Planas, F. Preisskorn, S. Serkez, H. Sinn, M. Wuenschel, M. Yakopov, C. Youngman EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany P. Altmann, A. Block, W. Decking, L. Fröhlich, O. Hensler, T. Ladwig, D. Lenz, D. Lipka, R. Mattusch, N. Mildner, E. Negodin, J. Prenting, F. Saretzki, M. Schlösser, F. Schmidt-Föhre, E. Schneidmiller, M. Scholz, D. Thoden, T. Wamsat, T. Wilksen, T. Wohlenberg, M.V. Yurkov DESY, Hamburg, Germany J. Bahrdt HZB, Berlin, Germany M. Brügger, M. Calvi, S. Danner, R. Ganter, L. Huber, A. Keller, C. Kittel, X. Liang, S. Reiche, M.S. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, K. Zhang PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland D.E. Kim PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea Y. Li IHEP, People’s Republic of China
	The undulator systems at the European XFEL consist of two hard X-ray systems, SASE1 and SASE2, and one soft X-ray system, SASE3. All three systems are equipped with planar undulators using permanent neodymium magnets. These systems allow the generation of linearly polarized radiation in the horizontal plane. In order to generate variable polarization radiation in the soft X-ray range, an afterburner is currently being implemented behind the SASE3 planar undulator system. It consists of four APPLE-X helical undulators. The project, called SASE 3 Variable Polarization, is close to being put into operation. All four helical undulators have been installed in the tunnel during the 2021-2022 winter shutdown. This paper describes the status of the project and the steps toward its commissioning. It also presents lessons learned during the implementation of the project.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT014
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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TUPOPT023	Undulator Tapering Studies of an Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Based Free-Electron Laser	undulator, FEL, electron, laser	1047
	F. Pannek, W. Hillert University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany S. Ackermann, E. Ferrari, L. Schaper DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The free-electron laser (FEL) user facility FLASH at DESY is currently undergoing an upgrade which involves the transformation of one of its beamlines to allow for external seeding via so-called Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG). With this seeding technique it will be possible to provide stable, longitudinal coherent and intense radiation in the XUV and soft X-ray regime at high repetition rate. To ensure an efficient FEL amplification process, sustainable energy exchange between the electrons and the electromagnetic field in the undulator is mandatory. Adequate adjustment of the undulator strength along the beamline allows to compensate for electron energy loss and to preserve the resonance condition. The impact of this undulator tapering on the temporal and spectral characteristics on the EEHG FEL radiation at 4 nm is investigated by means of numerical simulations performed with the FEL code GENESIS 1.3, version 4. Different tapering methods are examined and it is shown that specific tapering of the undulator strength allows to exceed the FEL saturation power while maintaining a clear temporal and spectral shape of the FEL pulse.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT023
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOPT024	Recent Developments at SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre	synchrotron, vacuum, operation, plasma	1051
	A.I. Wawrzyniak, P. Andryszczak, G. Cios, K. Gula, G.W. Kowalski, A.M. Marendziak, A. Maximenko, R. Panaś, T. Sobol, M. Szczepaniak, J.J. Wiechecki, M. Wiśniowski, M. Zając NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland A. Curcio CLPU, Villamayor, Spain H. Lichtenberg Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany
	SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre is under constant development of the research infrastructure. In 2018 first users were welcomed at three different experimental stations. Up to now 5 end stations are available at SOLARIS for experiments at 4 beamlines, and 4 new beamlines are under construction. In 2021 new front end for POLYX beamline was installed and de-gassed. Moreover, ASTRA beamline components were installed and first commissioning stage has stared. Additionally, a plasma cleaning station has been designed, built and is currently tested. Apart of the beamlines, up-grades to the linac and storage ring operation have been done. During the COVID-19 pandemic the software for remote injection process was developed and is used on daily basis. The transverse beam emittance measurement on the visible light beamline LUMOS was implemented and gives results that are complementary to the Pinhole beamline. Within this presentation the overview of the recent developments with insight to the details to be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT024
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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TUPOPT025	Concept of Electron Beam Diagnostics for PolFEL	FEL, electron, diagnostics, gun	1055
	A.I. Wawrzyniak, G.W. Kowalski, A.M. Marendziak, R. Panaś NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland A. Curcio CLPU, Villamayor, Spain P.J. Czuma, M. Krakówiak, P. Krawczyk, R. Kwiatkowski, S. Mianowski, R. Nietubyc, M. Staszczak, J. Szewiński, M. Terka, M. Wójtowicz NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland K. Łasocha Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
	PolFEL - Polish Free Electron Laser will be driven by a continuous wave superconducting accelerator consist-ing of low emittance superconducting RF electron gun, four accelerating cryomodules, bunch compressors, beam optics components and diagnostic elements. The acceler-ator will split in three branches leading to undulators pro-ducing VUV, IR and THz radiation, respectively. Two accelerating cryomodules will be installed before a dogleg directing electron bunches towards IR and THz branches. Additional two cryomodules will be placed in the VUV branch accelerating electron bunches up to 185 MeV at 50 kHz repetition rate. Moreover, the electron beam after passing the VUV undulator will be directed to the Inverse Compton Scattering process for high energy photons experiments in a dedicated station. In order to measure and optimise the electron beam parameters along the entire accelerator the main diagnostics components like BPMs, charge monitors, YAG screens, coherent diffrac-tion radiation (CDR) monitors and beam loss monitors are foreseen. Within this presentation the concept of the electron beam diagnostics will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT025
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOPT027	Numerical Simulation of a Superradiant THz Source at the PITZ Facility	electron, FEL, undulator, simulation	1063
	N. Chaisueb, S. Rimjaem Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand P. Boonpornprasert, M. Krasilnikov, X.-K. Li, A. Lueangaramwong DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany S. Rimjaem ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
	An accelerator-based THz source is under development at the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). The facility can produce high brightness electron beams with high charge and small emittance. Currently, a study on development of a tunable high-power THz SASE FEL for supporting THz-pump, X-ray-probe experiments at the European XFEL is underway. An LCLS-I undulator, a magnetic chicane bunch compressor, and THz pulse diagnostics have been installed downstream the previously existing setup of the PITZ beamline. Additional to the SASE FEL, a possibility to generate superradiant THz undulator radiation from short electron bunches is under investigation, which is the focus in this study. Numerical simulations of the superradiant THz radiation by using sub-picosecond electron bunches with energy of 6 - 22 MeV and bunch charge up to 2 nC produced from the PITZ accelerator are performed. The results show that the radiation with a spectral range of 0.5 to 9 THz and a pulse energy in the order of sub-uJ can be obtained. The results from this study can be used as a benchmark for the future development.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT027
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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TUPOPT028	THz Undulator Radiation Based on Super-Radiant Technique at Chiang Mai University	undulator, electron, software, simulation	1067
	E. Kongmon IST, Chiang Mai, Thailand N. Chaisueb, S. Rimjaem Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand S. Rimjaem ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
	A linear accelerator system at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory is used as an electron source for generating coherent THz radiation and MIR-FEL. To achieve high power THz radiation, the super-radiant technique using pre-bunched electrons and undulator magnet is utilized. In this study, we investigate the generation of such radiation with comparable properties as the FEL. The beamline composes of a 180-degree magnetic bunch compressor, a 2 m-electromagnet undulator, quadrupole magnets and diagnostic devices. This work includes the undulator design and investigation on properties of electron beam and THz radiation. Based-on the results of beam dynamic study, the optimized electron beams have an energy in a range of 10^-16 MeV, a bunch charge of 100 pC, and a bunch length of 300 fs. The radiation with frequency covering from 0.5 to 3 THz yields a peak power of 5.21 MW at 1.15 THz. This information was used as an initial parameter for undulator design by using the CST-EM Studio software. It has 19.5 periods with a period length of 100 mm. The design results show that the maximum magnetic field is 0.2317 T. The results of this study are used as the guideline for construction of the undulator and the THz-FEL beamline.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT028
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOPT029	Infrared Free-Electron Laser Project in Thailand	electron, FEL, experiment, FEM	1070
	S. Rimjaem, N. Chaisueb, P. Kitisri, K. Kongmali, E. Kongmon, P. Nanthanasit, S. Pakluea, J. Saisut, S. Sukara, K. Techakaew, C. Thongbai Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand P. Apiwattanakul, P. Jaikaew, W. Jaikla, N. Kangrang Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand M. Jitvisate Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand M.W. Rhodes ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
	The infrared free-electron laser (IR FEL) project is established at Chiang Mai University in Thailand with the aim to provide experimental stations for users utilizing accelerator-based terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared (MIR) radiation. Main components of the system include a thermionic RF gun, an alpha magnet as a bunch compressor and energy filter, a standing-wave RF linac, a THz transition radiation (THz-TR) station, two magnetic bunch compressors and beamlines for MIR/THz FEL. The system commissioning is ongoing to produce the beams with proper properties. Simulation results suggest that the oscillator MIR-FEL with wavelengths of 9.5-16.6 um and pulse energies of 0.15-0.4 uJ can be produced from 60-pC electron bunches with energy of 20-25 MeV. The super-radiant THz-FEL with frequencies of 1-3 THz and 700 kW peak power can be produced from 10^-16 MeV electron bunches with a charge of 50 pC and a length of 200-300 fs. Furthermore, the THz-TR with a spectral range of 0.3-2.5 THz and a pulse power of up to 1.5 MW can be obtained. The MIR/THz FEL will be used as high-brightness light source for pump-probe experiments, while the coherent THz-TR will be used in time-domain spectroscopy.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT029
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOPT038	FAST-GREENS: A High Efficiency Free Electron Laser Driven by Superconducting RF Accelerator	undulator, electron, laser, experiment	1094
	P. Musumeci, P.E. Denham, A.C. Fisher, Y. Park UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA R.B. Agustsson, T.J. Hodgetts, A.Y. Murokh, M. Ruelas RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA L. Amoudry Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France D.R. Broemmelsiek, S. Nagaitsev, J. Ruan, J.K. Santucci, G. Stancari, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D.L. Bruhwiler, J.P. Edelen, C.C. Hall RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA A.H. Lumpkin, A. Zholents ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by DOE grants DE-SC0017102, DE-SC0018559 and DE-SC0009914 In this paper we’ll describe the FAST-GREENS experimental program where a 4 m-long strongly tapered helical undulator with a seeded prebuncher is used in the high gain TESSA regime to convert a significant fraction (up to 10 %) of energy from the 240 MeV electron beam from the FAST linac to coherent 515 nm radiation. We’ll also discuss the longer term plans for the setup where by embedding the undulator in an optical cavity matched with the high repetition rate from the superconducting accelerator (3,9 MHz), a very high average power laser source can be obtained. Eventually, the laser pulses can be redirected onto the relativistic electrons to generate by inverse compton scattering a very high flux of circularly polarized gamma rays for polarized positron production.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT038
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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TUPOPT053	Study of Bunch Length Measurement by Forward Coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation	experiment, electron, background, detector	1125
	H. Yamada, H. Hama, F. Hinode, K. Kanomata, S. Kashiwagi, S. Miura, T. Muto, I. Nagasawa, K. Nanbu, H. Saito, K. Shibata, K. Takahashi Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan
	We are currently conducting basic research on the development of a non-destructive real-time bunch length monitor using coherent Smith-Purcell radiation at the t-ACTS test accelerator at the Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University. The angular distribution of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation reflects the longitudinal shape of the electron bunch. Using this, we came up with a method to measure the bunch length from the peak angle of the angular distribution. In this presentation, we mainly report the results of an experiment to determine the bunch length from the peak angle of the angular distribution of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation using a 100 fs electron beam of t-ACTS.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT053
About •	Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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TUPOPT054	Generation of Coherent THz Transition Radiation for Time Domain Spectroscopy at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory	electron, linac, FEM, experiment	1129
	S. Pakluea Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand M. Jitvisate Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
	The accelerator system at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory is used to generate terahertz transition radiation (THz-TR). Due to broad spectrum, it can be used as the light source for THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) to measure both the intensity and phase of the THz signal. This contribution presents the generation of the THz-TR produced from 10-20 MeV electron beams and the system preparation for THz TDS. The electron bunches, which are compressed to have a length of femtosecond scale at the experimental station, is used to generate the THz-TR using a 45°-tilted aluminum foil as a radiator. The radiation properties including angular distribution, polarization and radiation spectrum are measured in the accelerator hall and at the TDS station. The radiation spectral range covers up to 2.3 THz with the peak power of 0.5 - 1.25 MW is expected. The effects of electron bunch distribution, divergence of the beam and influence of optical components on the radiation properties were studied. The results show that the considered effects have a significant impact on the TR properties. The Information will be used in the TR characterization that is needed to be interpreted carefully.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT054
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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TUPOPT069	Preparation and Characterization of BTO-BFO Multiferroic Ceramics as Electrical Controllable Fast Phase Shifting Component	controls, experiment, factory, site	1178
	N.W. Martirosyan, A. Grigoryan, Kh.Gh. Kirakosyan, V. Sahakyan, A. Sargsyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia A. Grigoryan YSU, Yerevan, Armenia G.S. Karoyan, R.H. Khazaryan, M.M. Mkrtchian, T. Vandunts NPUA, Yerevan, Armenia
	A rich variety of dielectric, optical, acoustic/piezoelectric, ferromagnetic properties of ferroelectric and multiferroic composite materials open a new perspective for the development of modern accelerators with new principle of electron acceleration and control system. These properties may be controlled by external electric fields. In particular, the production of electric field controlling ultrafast facilities for 0.7-20 GHz RF phase shifting and amplitude modulation where a very short response time of <10 nsec is required . A Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technology for obtaining ceramic materials, based on (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 compositions with various dopant (MgO, MnO, etc.), has been developed. The general parameters of the SHS process (temperature and propagation velocity of the combustion front) are measured. The dependences of microstructure (grain size, density, and porosity), as well as electro physical properties of the sintered samples on compaction and sintering thermodynamic variables, such as the pressing pressure and duration, sintering temperature, sintering duration and atmosphere, heating and cooling rates, are experimentally investigated. * https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010066 Appl. Phys. Let., V.101, p. 232903-5, 2012 * A. Kanareykin & et al. FERROELECTRIC BASED HIGH POWER TUNER FOR L-BAND ACCELERATOR APPLICATIONS. IPAC2013
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT069
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
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TUPOTK004	Time Resolved Field Emission Detection During ESS Cryomodule Tests	cavity, cryomodule, electron, neutron	1192
	E. Cenni, G. Devanz, O. Piquet CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France M. Baudrier, L. Maurice CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
	At CEA-Saclay we are currently testing the European Spallation Source (ESS) high beta cryomodules (CM). Each cryomodule is equipped with four superconducting elliptical cavities with their ancillaries (fundamental power couplers (FPC), frequency tuners and magnetic shields). The cavity are designed to accelerate protons with relativistic speed about β=0.86 and operate at an accelerating field of 19.9MV/m. During cryomodule test, operational parameters are inspected by powering up one cavity at the time. A dedicated gamma ray detection system has been designed and installed around the cryomodule in order to have a more precise insight into field emission phenomenon occurring during cryomodule operation. Recently we were able to obtain time resolved data concerning radiation emerging from the cavities due to field emission.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK004
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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TUPOTK020	Status of LASA-INFN R&D Activity on PIP-II Low-beta Prototypes	cavity, SRF, experiment, operation	1241
	M. Bertucci, A. Bosotti, A. D’Ambros, E. Del Core, A.T. Grimaldi, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, C. Pagani, R. Paparella, D. Sertore INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy A. Gresele Zanon Research & Innovation, Schio, VI, Italy C. Pagani Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy
	LASA-INFN is developing some PIP-II β=0.61 cavity prototypes so to set up a high-Q recipe allowing to reach the PIP-II performance target in view of the series production. A single-cell cavity was treated with a XFEL-like baseline recipe, whereas a multicell cavity underwent a mid-T bake step as final surface treatment. Both cavities have been then tested at the LASA vertical experimental facility. The test results are here reported and discussed. Basing on the satisfactory results so far obtained, a strategy for the qualification and upgrade of the LASA vertical test facility is outlined.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK020
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOTK063	CERN Linac4 Chopper Dump: Operational Experience and Future Upgrades	linac, operation, site, ISOL	1370
	C.J. Sharp, P. Andreu Muñoz, M. Calviani, G. Costa, L.S. Esposito, R. Franqueira Ximenes, D. Grenier, E. Grenier-Boley, J.R. Hunt, A.M. Krainer, C.Y. Mucher, C. Torregrosa CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The Chopper Dump in the Linac4 accelerator at CERN is a beam-intercepting device responsible for the absorption of the 3 MeV H⁻ ion beam produced by the Linac4 source and deflected upstream by an electromagnetic chopper. It allows a portion of the beam, which would otherwise fall into the unstable region of the radiofrequency buckets in the Proton Synchrotron Booster, to be dumped at low energy with minimal induced radiation. It may also be used to absorb the entire beam. With peak currents of 25 to 45 mA and shallow penetration, this results in large deposited energy densities, thermal gradients and mechanical stresses. Additional constraints arise from geometric integration, vacuum and radiation protection requirements. Material selection, beam-matter interaction studies and thermo-structural analyses are important aspects of the design process. The Chopper Dump underwent modification in 2019 following observed material degradation in the original version of the device. The experience gained, modifications made and observations noted since then are detailed herein. Against this background, the design and analysis of an upgraded device, intended to cope with future operational conditions, is outlined and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK063
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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TUPOMS010	BESSY III Status Report and Lattice Design Process	lattice, sextupole, emittance, HOM	1417
	P. Goslawski, M. Abo-Bakr, M. Arlandoo, J. Bengtsson, K. Holldack, A. Jankowiak, B.C. Kuske, A. Meseck, M.K. Sauerborn, M. Titze, J. Viefhaus, J. Völker HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association. Since 2020 a detailed discussion about a BESSY~II successor is ongoing at HZB and its user community in order to define the science and layout of the new facility. Still free locations close to BESSY~II have triggered a discussion about a greenfield project, but in-house upgrade solutions have also been investigated. As an additional boundary condition, BESSY~III has to meet the requirement of the Physikalische Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) for radiation sources for metrology applications and bending magnet sources for tender X-rays. A Conceptional Design Report is in preparation. Here, we give a status report including a first parameter space, technical specifications and a first candidate for the linear lattice.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS010
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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TUPOMS012	Investigation of Spectro-Temporal Properties of CHG Radiation at DELTA	laser, electron, storage-ring, bunching	1423
	A. Radha Krishnan, B. Büsing, A. Held, H. Kaiser, S. Khan, C. Mai, Z. Usfoor, V. Vijayan DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
	Funding: Funded by DFG (INST 212/236-1 FUGG), BMBF (05K16PEA, 05K19PEB), and by the federal state NRW. At the synchrotron light source DELTA operated by the TU Dortmund University, the short-pulse facility employs the seeding scheme coherent harmonic generation (CHG) and provides ultrashort pulses in the vacuum ultraviolet and terahertz regime. Here, the interaction of laser pulses with the stored electron bunches results in a modulation of the longitudinal electron density which gives rise to coherent emission at harmonics of the laser wavelength. The spectral and temporal properties of such coherent short pulses can be manipulated by the seed laser properties and chicane strength. CHG spectra at several harmonics of the 800 nm seed laser were recorded using an image-intensified CCD (iCCD) camera and a newly installed XUV spectrometer. Numerical simulations to calculate the spectral phase properties of the seed laser from the observed spectra were carried out.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS012
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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TUPOMS013	Novel High Repetition Rate CW SRF Linac-Based Multispectral Photon Source	FEL, electron, linac, undulator	1427
	P.E. Evtushenko HZDR, Dresden, Germany
	We discuss a design of a CW SRF linac-based photon facility for the generation of MIR-THz and VUV pulses at high repetition rates of up to 1 MHz. The MIR-THz sources would cover the frequency range from 0.1 to 30 THz with the pulse energies of a few 100 µJ. The use of the CW SRF linac and the radiation source architecture will allow for high flexibility in the pulse repetition rate. Conventional superradiant THz sources, driven by electron bunches shorter than the radiation wavelength, would cover the wavelength range from 0.1 THz to about 2.5 THz. A different approach is developed to extend the operation of the superradiant undulators well beyond the few THz. For this, a longitudinally modulated electron bunch would be used to achieve significant bunching factors at higher frequencies. The proposed VUV FEL would use the HGHG FEL scheme. It will allow the construction of a unique, fully coherent, high repetition rate source operated with about 30 µJ pulse energy at the first harmonic in the design wavelength range. An FEL oscillator, operating at a wavelength 3-5 times longer than the HGHG system, can generate the seed required for the high repetition rate HGHG scheme.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS013
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOMS022	Cooling Challenges in a NEG-Coated Vacuum Chamber of a Light Source	vacuum, simulation, software, synchrotron	1456
	S. Talebi Motlagh, A. Danaeifard, J. Rahighi, F. Saeidi ILSF, Tehran, Iran F. Zamani University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
	In a light Source, unused synchrotron radiation is being distributed along the walls of the chambers. Due to the small conductance of the chambers, vacuum pumping is based on the distributed concept, and then non-evaporable getter (NEG) coating is extensively used. The vacuum chambers are made of copper alloys tube, and cooling circuits are welded to the chamber to remove the heat load from the radiation generated. Filler metal is used to create a brazed joint between the water cooling pipe and the vacuum chamber body. The thermal conductivity of the fillers is less than the vacuum chamber body. Moreover, the water velocity in the cooling pipe must be taken into account in thermal calculations. In this paper, we study and investigate the effects of the filler metal and the cooling water velocity in cooling the chambers.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS022
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOMS024	Sensitivity of EEHG Simulations to Dynamic Beam Parameters	electron, FEL, simulation, laser	1463
	D. Samoilenko, W. Hillert, F. Pannek University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany S. Ackermann, E. Ferrari, N.S. Mirian, P. Niknejadi, G. Paraskaki, L. Schaper DESY, Hamburg, Germany F. Curbis, M.A. Pop, S. Werin MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	Currently, the Free electron laser user facility FLASH at DESY is undergoing a significant upgrade involving the complete transformation of one of its beamlines to allow external seeding. With the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) seeding method, we aim for the generation of fully coherent XUV and soft X-ray pulses at wavelengths down to 4 nm. The generated FEL radiation is sensitive to various electron beam properties, e.g., its energy profile imprinted either deliberately or by collective effects such as Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR). In dedicated particle tracking simulations, one usually makes certain assumptions concerning the beam properties and the collective effects to simplify implementation and analysis. Here, we estimate the influence of some of the common assumptions made in EEHG simulations on the properties of the output FEL radiation, using the example of FLASH and its proposed seeding beamline. We conclude that the inherent properties of the FLASH1 beam, namely the negatively chirped energy profile, has dominant effect on the spectral intensity profile of the radiators output compare to that of the CSR induced chirp.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS024
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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TUPOMS030	Event Tree Model for Safety Reliability Analysis of High Energy Electron 1.2 GeV Radiation Monitoring System Design	monitoring, electron, synchrotron, EPICS	1479
	P. Aim-O, P. Kulthanasomboon, N.S. Pamungkas, S. Ruengpoonwittaya, M. Sophon, N. Sumano, A. Thongwat SLRI, Nakhon-Ratchasima, Thailand K. Manasatitpong Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
	Funding: The Science, Research, and Innovation Fund (SRI fund) The SPS Radiation Monitoring System (SPSRMS) has been designed to measure the ionizing radiation which are generated from the high-energy electron 1.2 GeV. SPSRMS design shall be performed to assure of the adequate performance system in order to prevent the radiation exposure of workers and general public in the synchrotron facility. The research purpose is to evaluate the frequency of failure of real-time radiation monitoring system design that might be happened from the abnormal case which is unable to transfer the important radiation dose continuously. An Event Tree Analysis (ETA) had been approached to evaluate the safety reliability of the SPSRMS which is a method of deducing possibilities and outcomes in a chronological order. This method has been determined the probability of possible negative outcomes that can cause harm and result from the chosen initiating event. The scenario results showed that reliability was increased from 99.71%±19.57% to 99.80%±19.58% (95% confidential level) after adding redundancy in all the devices. The reliability assessment results of SPSRMS are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS030
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUPOMS034	Tunability and Alternative Optics for the Diamond-II Storage Ring	lattice, emittance, brilliance, brightness	1495
	H. Ghasem, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	When defining the magnet specifications, a key consideration is that the hardware should be flexible enough to allow some contingency for future tuning requirements or for alternative lattice solutions to be implemented. To define the required tunability of the magnets, we have investigated two lattice solutions for the Diamond-II storage ring upgrade, one with reduced beta functions at the straight sections for improved matching to the photon beam and one with an ultra-low emittance of 87 pm with IDs. In this paper, the linear and nonlinear beam dynamic issues as well as the photon beam brightness for these two options will be presented and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS034
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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WEOXGD2	Electron Accelerator Lattice Design for LHeC with Permanent Magnets	electron, linac, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation	1587
	D. Trbojevic, J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks BNL, Upton, New York, USA S.A. Bogacz JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA G.H. Hoffstaetter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work performed under the Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of US Department of Energy We present a new ’green energy’ approach to the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) the future Electron Ion Collider at LHeC using single beam line made of very strong focusing combined function permanent magnets and the Fixed Field Alternating Linear Gradient (FFA-LG) principle. We are basing our design on recent very successful commissioning results of the Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory ERL Test Accelerator-CBETA.
	Slides WEOXGD2 [19.845 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOXGD2
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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WEOXSP1	Proposal for a Compact Neutron Generator Based on a Negative Deuterium Ion Beam	neutron, target, ion-source, electron	1599
	K. Jimbo, T. Shirai QST-NIRS, Chiba, Japan K. Leung LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA K.A. Van Bibber UCB, Berkeley, California, USA
	Interest in high intensity generators of neutrons for basic and applied science has been growing, and thus the demand for an economical neutron generator has been growing. A major driver for the development of high intensity neutron generators are studies of neutron disturbance in integrated circuits, for which a compact generator that can be easily accommodated in an ordinary size lab would be highly desirable. We have investigated possible designs for neutron generators based on the D-D fusion reaction, which produce direction dependent mono-energetic neutrons with carry-off energy larger than 2.45 MeV. Specifically, we find a negative deuterium ion beam most attractive for this application, and plan to construct such a system with a negative deuterium ion beam of 200 keV energy and 100 mA current as a prototype of this concept.
	Slides WEOXSP1 [2.581 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOXSP1
About •	Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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WEOYGD1	Recent Results of Beam Loss Mitigation and Extremely Low Beam Loss Operation of J-PARC RCS	injection, scattering, operation, proton	1616
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, T. Nakanoya, K. Okabe, H. Okita, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan H. Hotchi KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	In the 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), multi-turn charge-exchange injection of H⁻ by using a thin stripper foil is performed to achieve high-intensity proton beam of 1 MW. The beam loss at 1 MW has already been well controlled, but for further minimizing both uncontrolled and controlled beam losses caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam, recently we have implemented a lower vertical injection beam size and installed a corresponding smaller size stripper foil. A smaller foil gives a significant reduction of the foil scattering uncontrolled beam loss at the injection area, while an optimization of the vertical transverse painting area matching with a smaller beam size further gives an extremely reduction of the beam loss at the collimator section. The corresponding residual radiation at the recent operation with 700 kW beam power was also measured to extremely reduced.
	Slides WEOYGD1 [1.161 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYGD1
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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WEIYSP1	New Designs of Short-Period Undulators for Producing High-Brightness Radiation in Synchrotron Light Sources	undulator, vacuum, cryogenics, synchrotron	1624
	E.J. Wallén LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	We review modern state-of-the-art and new concepts of undulators planned for new generation light sources. Both superconducting and permanent-magnet-based insertion devices feature unique solutions to reach high precisely tunable fields in the period range of 10^-18 mm, 2-4 meters in length and with the ID gaps of less than 5 mm. The same quest for small gaps and shortest possible period length exists also for elliptically polarizing undulators. A review of new designs in Europe, Asia and Americas will be in the focus of this presentation.
	Slides WEIYSP1 [21.171 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYSP1
About •	Received ※ 15 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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WEOYSP1	Experiments with Undulator Radiation, Emitted by a Single Electron	synchrotron, electron, photon, undulator	1628
	I. Lobach ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, G. Stancari Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We study a single electron, circulating in the Fermilab IOTA storage ring and interacting with an undulator through single and multi-photon emissions. The focus of this research is on single-photon and two-photon undulator emissions. We begin by using one Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) detector to detect the undulator radiation photons and search for possible deviations from the expected Poissonian photon statistics. Then, we go on to use a two-photon interferometer consisting of two SPAD detectors separated by a beam splitter. This allows to test if there is any correlation in the detected photon pairs. In addition, the photocount arrival times can be used to track the longitudinal motion of a single electron and to compare it with simulations. This allowed us to determine several dynamical parameters of the storage ring such as the rf cavity phase jitter and the dependence of the synchrotron motion period on amplitude.
	Slides WEOYSP1 [10.952 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYSP1
About •	Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 25 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 03 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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WEINGD1	Industry and Accelerator Science, Technology, and Engineering - the Need to Integrate (Building Bridges)	electron, laser, network, MMI	1644
	R. Geometrante KYMA, Trieste, Italy S. Biedron Element Aero, Chicago, USA E. Braidotti CAEN ELS srl, Trieste, Italy J.M.A. Priem VDL ETG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands J.C. Rugsancharoenphol FTI, Bangkok, Thailand S.L. Sheehy The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia M. Vretenar CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Abstract
	Slides WEINGD1 [36.079 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEINGD1
About •	Received ※ 05 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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WEOZSP3	Measurements of Radiation Fields From a Ceramic Break	simulation, impedance, injection, synchrotron	1663
	Y. Shobuda, S. Hatakeyama, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan T. Toyama KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Ceramic breaks are used in synchrotrons for many purposes. For example, they are inserted between the Multi-Wire Profile Monitor (MWPM) on the injection line at the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in J-PARC to completely prevent the wall currents accompanying beams from affecting the MWPM. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing beam impedances and the radiation fields from the ceramic breaks, it would be preferable that the inner surface of the ceramic break is coated with Titanium Nitride (TiN), or covered over capacitors. In this report, we measure the radiation fields from the ceramic break with and without capacitors as well as the beam profile and investigate the effect of the ceramic breaks on the measurements.
	Slides WEOZSP3 [35.441 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOZSP3
About •	Received ※ 12 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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WEPOST001	Radiation Load Studies for Superconducting Dipole Magnets in a 10 TeV Muon Collider	collider, shielding, dipole, electron	1671
	D. Calzolari, C. Carli, B. Humann, A. Lechner, G. Lerner, F. Salvat Pujol, D. Schulte, K. Skoufaris CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland B. Humann TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
	Among the various future lepton colliders under study, muon colliders offer the prospect of reaching the highest collision energies. Despite the promising potential of a multi-TeV muon collider, the short lifetime of muons poses a severe technological challenge for the collider design. In particular, the copious production of decay electrons and positrons along the collider ring requires the integration of continuous radiation absorbers inside superconducting magnets. The absorbers are needed to avoid quenches, reduce the heat dissipation in the cold mass and prevent magnet failures due to long-term radiation damage. In this paper, we present FLUKA shower simulations assessing the shielding requirements for high-field magnets of a 10 TeV muon collider. We quantify in particular the role of synchrotron photon emission by decay electrons and positrons, which helps in dispersing the energy carried by the decay products. For comparison, selected results for a 3 TeV muon collider are also presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST001
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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WEPOST002	Synchrotron Radiation Impact on the FCC-ee Arcs	shielding, electron, neutron, electronics	1675
	B. Humann TU Vienna, Wien, Austria F. Cerutti, B. Humann, R. Kersevan CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Synchrotron radiation (SR) emitted by electron and positrons beams represents a major loss source in high energy circular colliders, such as the lepton version of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) at CERN. In particular, for the operation mode at 182.5 GeV (above the top pair threshold), its spectrum makes it penetrate well beyond the vacuum chamber walls. In order to optimize its containment, dedicated absorbers are envisaged. In this contribution we report the energy deposition studies performed with FLUKA to assess heat load, time-integrated dose, power density and particle fluence distribution in the machine components and the surrounding environment. Different choices for the absorber material were considered and shielding options for electronics were investigated. Furthermore, possible positions for the booster ring were reviewed from the radiation exposure point of view.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST002
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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WEPOST003	Implications of the Upgrade II of LHCb on the LHC Insertion Region 8: From Energy Deposition Studies to Mitigation Strategies	luminosity, dipole, detector, experiment	1679
	A. Ciccotelli The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom R.B. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom F. Butin, F. Cerutti, A. Ciccotelli, L.S. Esposito, B. Humann, M. Wehrle CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland B. Humann TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
	Starting from LHC Run3, a first upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade I) will enable oeration with a significantly increased instantaneous luminosity in the LHC Insertion Region 8 (IR8), up to 2·10³³/(cm² s). Moreover, the proposed second upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade II) aims at increasing it by an extra factor 7.5 and collecting an integrated luminosity of 400/fb by the end of Run6. Such an ambitious goal poses challenges not only for the detector but also for the accelerator components. Monte Carlo simulations represent a valuable tool to predict the implications of the radiation impact on the machine, especially for future operational scenarios. A detailed IR8 model implemented by means of the FLUKA code is presented in this study. With such a model, we calculated the power density and dose distributions in the superconducting coils of the LHC final focusing quadrupoles (Q1-Q3) and separation dipole (D1) and we highlight a few critical issues calling for mitigation measures. Our study addresses also the recombination dipole (D2) and the suitability of the present TANb absorber, as well as the proton losses in the Dispersion Suppressor (DS) and their implications.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST003
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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WEPOST007	Centre-of-Mass Energy in FCC-ee	collider, polarization, cavity, simulation	1683
	J. Keintzel, R. Tomás García, F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland A.P. Blondel DPNC, Genève, Switzerland D.N. Shatilov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) is designed for high precision particle physics experiments. This demands a precise knowledge of the beam energies, obtained by resonant depolarization, and from which the center-of-mass energy and possible boosts at all interaction points are then determined. At the highest beam energy mode of 182.5 GeV, the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation is about 10 GeV per revolution. Hence, not only the location of the RF cavities, but also a precise control of the optics and understanding of beam dynamics, are crucial. In the studies presented here, different possible locations of the RF-cavities are considered, when calculating the beam energies over the machine circumference, including energy losses from crossing angles, a non-homogeneous dipole distribution, and an estimate of the beamstrahlung effect at the collision point.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST007
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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WEPOST016	Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee	collimation, simulation, framework, coupling	1718
	A. Abramov, R. Bruce, M. Hofer, G. Iadarola, S. Redaelli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland F.S. Carlier, T. Pieloni, M. Rakic EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland L.J. Nevay JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	A collimation system is under study for the FCC-ee to protect the machine from the multi-MJ electron and positron beams and limit the backgrounds to the detectors. One of the key aspects of the collimation system design is the setup of simulation studies combining particle tracking and scattering in the collimators. The tracking must include effects important for electron beam single-particle dynamics in the FCC-ee, such as synchrotron radiation. For collimation, an aperture model and particle-matter interactions for electrons are required. There are currently no established simulation frameworks that include all the required features. The latest developments of an integrated framework for multi-turn collimation studies in the FCC-ee are presented. The framework is based on an interface between tracking codes, pyAT and Xtrack, and a particle-matter interaction code, BDSIM, based on Geant4. Promising alternative simulation codes and frameworks are also discussed. The challenges are outlined, and the first results are presented, including preliminary loss maps for the FCC-ee.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST016
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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WEPOST023	Design of a Very Low Energy Beamline for NA61/SHINE	experiment, target, optics, detector	1741
	C.A. Mussolini, N. Charitonidis CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland P. Burrows, C.A. Mussolini JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom P. Burrows, C.A. Mussolini Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom Y. Nagai Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA E.D. Zimmerman CIPS, Boulder, Colorado, USA
	A new, low-energy branch is being designed for the H₂ beamline at the CERN North Experimental Area. This new low-energy branch would extend the capabilities of the current infrastructure enabling the study of particles in the low, 1 - 13 GeV/c, momentum range. The first experiment to profit from this new line will be NA61/SHINE (SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment), a multi-purpose experiment studying hadron production in hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the SPS. However, other future fixed target experiments or test-beam experiments installed in the downstream zones could also benefit from the low-energy particles provided. The proposed layout and expected performance of this line, along with estimates of particle rates, and considerations on the technical implementation of the beamline are presented in this contribution. A description on the instrumentation, which will enable particle-by-particle tagging, crucial for the experiments scope, is also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST023
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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WEPOST026	Conceptual Design of the FCC-ee Beam Dumping System	operation, extraction, dumping, simulation	1753
	A.M. Krainer, P. Andreu Muñoz, W. Bartmann, M. Calviani, Y. Dutheil, A. Lechner, F.-X. Nuiry, A. Perillo-Marcone CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland R.L. Ramjiawan JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) will have stored beam energies of up to 20 MJ. This is a factor 100 higher than any current or past lepton collider. A safe and reliable disposal of the beam onto a beam dump block is therefore critical for operation. To ensure the survival of the dump core blocks, transversal dilution of the beam is necessary. To reduce the complexity of the system and guarantee high availability, an optimized, semi-passive beam dumping system has been designed. The main dump absorber design has been optimized following recent studies for high energy dump block materials for the LHC High Luminosity upgrade. First simulations regarding the radiation environment of the dumping system have been carried out, allowing the definition of preliminary constraints for the integration with respect to radiation sensitive equipment. The performance of the system has been evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations as well as thermomechanical Finite-Element-Analysis to investigate potential material failure and assess safety margins. An experiment at the CERN HiRadMat facility has been carried out and preliminary results show good agreement with simulations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST026
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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WEPOST041	Physical Aspects of Collinear Laser Injection at SLAC FACET-II E-310: Trojan Horse Experiment	plasma, experiment, laser, electron	1787
	M. Yadav, O. Apsimon, E. Kukstas, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom C.E. Hansel, P. Manwani, B. Naranjo, J.B. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, USA B. Hidding USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work was performed with support of the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, un-der Contract No. DE-SC0009914, and the STFC grant ST/P006752/1. The Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET-II) is a test accelerator infrastructure at SLAC dedicated to the research and development of advanced accelerator technologies. We performed simulations of electron beam driven wakefields, with collinear lasers used for ionization injection of electrons. We numerically generated a witness beam using the OSIRIS code in an up ramp plasma as well as uniform plasma regimes. We report on challenges and details of the E-310 experiment which aims to demonstrate this plasma photocathode injection at FACET-II. We examine the phenomena beam hosing and drive beam depletion. Details of the witness beam generated are discussed. Computation of betatron-radiation X-ray spatial distribution and critical energy are done for FACET-II low emittance beams.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST041
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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WEPOST042	Radiation Diagnostics for AWA and FACET-II Flat Beams in Plasma	plasma, betatron, electron, emittance	1791
	M. Yadav, O. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom H.S. Ancelin, G. Andonian, P. Manwani, J.B. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
	Funding: This work was performed with support of the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-SC0009914, DE-SC0017648 - AWA and STFC grant ST/P006752/1 , In energy beam facilities like FACET and AWA, beams with highly asymmetric emittance are of interest because they are the preferred type of beam for linear colliders. That is ultimately the motivation: building a plasma based LC. In this case, the blowout region is no longer symmetric around an axis is not equal in the two transverse planes. Focusing is required to keep the particles within the tight apertures and characterizing these accelerators shows the benefits of employing ultra low beam emittances. Beams with high charge and high emittance ratios in excess of 100:1 are available at AWA. If the focusing will not be equal, then we will have different radiation signatures for the flat and symmetric beams in plasma. We use OSIRIS particle-in-cell codes to compare various scenarios including a weak blowout and a strong blowout. Further, we determine the radiation generated in the system by importing particle trajectories into a Liénard Weichert code. We discuss future steps towards full diagnostics of flat beams using radiation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST042
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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WEPOPT011	Modelling FCC-ee Using MADX	solenoid, lattice, emittance, quadrupole	1854
	L. van Riesen-Haupt, H. Burkhardt, T.H.B. Persson, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	We present the latest developments for simulating FCC-ee using CERN’s MADX software. Along with updated benchmark studies, we describe how the latest MADX updates can facilitate the simulation of FCC-ee design features, including improvements in tapering and different options for implementing a tilted solenoid.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT011
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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WEPOPT054	Target Studies for the FCC-ee Positron Source	target, positron, electron, photon	1979
	F. Alharthi, I. Chaikovska, R. Chehab, S. Ogur, A. Ushakov, S. Wallon Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France L. Bandiera, A. Mazzolari, M. Romagnoni, A.I. Sytov INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy J. Diefenbach, W. Lauth IKP, Mainz, Germany O. Khomyshyn Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine D.M. Klekots National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, The Faculty of Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine V.V. Mytrochenko NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine P. Sievers, Y. Zhao CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland M. Soldani Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
	FCC-ee injector study foresees 3.5~nC electron and positron bunches with 200 Hz repetition and 2 bunches per linac pulse at 6~GeV extraction energy. Regarding the possible options of positron production, we retain both of the conventional amorphous target and the hybrid target options. The hybrid scheme uses an intense photon production by 6 GeV electrons impinging on a crystal oriented along a lattice axis. In such a way, it involves two targets: a crystal as a photon radiator and an amorphous target-converter. Therefore, to avoid early failure or damage of the target, the candidate materials for the crystal and conversion targets have started to be tested by using the intense electron beam at Mainzer Mikrotron in Germany by the end of 2021. By manipulating the beam intensity, focusing, and chopping, a Peak Energy Deposition Density in the tested targets could be achieved close to that generated by the electron/photon beam in the FCC-ee positron target. Radiation-damage studies of the crystal sample have been also performed allowing estimating the effect on the photon enhancement used in the hybrid positron source.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT054
About •	Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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WEPOTK036	Progress on Electron Beam Optimization for FLASH Radiotherapy Experiment at Chiang Mai University	electron, simulation, experiment, linac	2146
	K. Kongmali, P. Apiwattanakul, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand P. Apiwattanakul, N. Kangrang Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand M. Jitvisate Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand P. Lithanatudom IST, Chiang Mai, Thailand
	At present, one of diseases that kills many people worldwide is cancer. The FLASH radiotherapy (RT) is a promising cancer treatment under study. It involves the fast delivery of RT at much higher dose rates than those currently used in clinical practice. The very short time of exposure leads to the destruction of the cancer cells, while the nearby normal cells are less damaged as compared with conventional RT. This work focuses on study of FLASH-RT experiment using electron beams produced from the accelerator system at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory. The structure and properties of our electron pulses with microbunches in picosecond time scale and macropulses in microsecond time scale match well to FLASH-RT requirement. To optimize the condition for experiment, the electron beam simulations are performed by varying energy, charge and bunch length. The 25 MeV electrons energy before hitting the window for 50 and 100 pC bunch length have a bunch length of 1.16 and 1.97 ps. The transverse rms beam sizes of 50 pC and 100 pC bunch charges have the differences between ASTRA and GEANT4 from 7.90 % to 34.0 %. The optimized electron beam properties from this study will be used as the guideline for further simulation and experiment preparation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK036
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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WEPOTK037	Radiation of a Particle Moving Along a Helical Trajectory in a Resistive-Wall Cylindrical Waveguide	GUI, undulator, laser, electron	2150
	M. Ivanyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, B.K. Sargsyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia K. Flöttmann, F. Lemery DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Grigoryan YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
	Funding: The work was supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project 21T-1C239 The radiation field of a particle moving on a helical trajectory in a cylindrical waveguide with resistive walls is calculated. The deformation of the energy spectrum of radiation, as a result of the finite conductivity of the walls, is investigated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK037
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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WEPOTK039	Radiation of a Particle Moving Along a Helical Trajectory in a Semi-Infinite Cylindrical Waveguide	GUI, undulator, HOM, injection	2154
	M. Ivanyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, V.G. Khachatryan, B.K. Sargsyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia K. Flöttmann, F. Lemery DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Grigoryan YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
	Funding: The work was supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project 21T-1C239 The radiation field of a particle which suddenly appears in an ideal waveguide and moves on a helical trajectory under the influence ofexternal magnetic fields is calculated. The shape and character of the front of the propagating wave is determined. The time dependence of radiation energy accumulated in the waveguide is investigated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK039
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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WEPOTK057	Towards Direct Detection of the Shape of CSR Pulses with Fast THz Detectors	detector, synchrotron, electron, synchrotron-radiation	2190
	J.L. Steinmann, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: We acknowledge in part support by the Helmholtz President’s strategic fund IVF "Plasma accelerators". This work is funded in part by the BMBF contract number: 05K19VKD. Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is emitted when the emitting structure is equal to or smaller than the observed wavelength. Consequently, these pulses are very short and most detectors respond with their impulse response, regardless of the pulse length and shape. Here we present single-shot measurements performed at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) using a fast real-time oscilloscope and Schottky barrier detectors sensitive in the sub-THz range. The time response of this setup to CSR pulses emitted by electron bunches during the microbunching instability is shown to be sensitive to the shape of the electron bunch. Our results show how, in the future, the shape of electron bunches can be directly measured using a straightforward setup.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK057
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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WEPOMS005	Simulations of the Micro-Bunching Instability for SOLEIL and KARA Using Two Different VFP Solver Codes	synchrotron, bunching, simulation, storage-ring	2237
	M. Brosi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany S. Bielawski, C. Evain, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
	Funding: M.B. acknowledges the funding by the Helmholtz Association in the frame of the Helmholtz doctoral prize. The project has been supported by the ANR-DFG ULTRASYNC project. PhLAM acknowledges support from the CPER Photonics for Society, and the CEMPI LABEX. The longitudinal dynamics of a bunched electron beam is an important aspect in the study of existing and the development of new electron storage rings. The dynamics depend on different beam parameters as well as on the interaction of the beam with its surroundings. A well established method for calculating the resulting dynamics is to numerically solve the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation. Depending on the chosen parameters and the considered wakefields and impedances, different effects can be studied. One common application is the investigation of the longitudinal micro-wave and micro-bunching instabilities. The latter occurs for short electron bunches due to self-interaction with their own emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). In this contribution, two different VFP solvers are used to simulate the longitudinal dynamics with a focus on the micro-bunching instability at the Soleil synchrotron and the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS005
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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Paper

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Page

MOPOST030

Proton Irradiation Site for Si-Detectors at the Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron

cyclotron, proton, site, HOM

130

D. Sauerland, R. Beck, P.D. Eversheim
HISKP, Bonn, Germany
J. Dingfelder, P. Wolf
SiLab, Bonn, Germany

The Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron provides proton, deuteron, alpha particle and other light ion beams with a charge-to-mass ratio Q/A of ’ 1/2 and kinetic energies ranging from 7 to 14 MeV per nucleon. At a novel irradiation site, a 14 MeV proton beam with a diameter of a few mm is utilized to homogeneously irradiate silicon detectors, so-called devices under test (DUTs), to perform radiation hardness studies. Homogeneous irradiation is achieved by moving the DUT through the beam in a row-wise scan pattern with constant velocity and a row separation smaller than the beam diameter. During the irradiation procedure, the beam parameters are continuously measured non-destructively using a calibrated, secondary electron emission-based beam monitor, installed at the exit window of the beamline. The diagnostics and the irradiation procedure ensure a homogeneous irradiation with a proton fluence error of smaller than 2 %. In this work, an overview of the accelerator facility is given and the irradiation site with its beam diagnostics is presented in detail.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST030

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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MOPOPT018

Advancing to a GHz Transition Radiation Monitor for Longitudinal Charge Distribution Measurements

vacuum, target, simulation, electron

267

S. Klaproth, A. Penirschke
THM, Friedberg, Germany
H. De Gersem
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
T. Reichert, R. Singh
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract no. 05P21RORB2. Joint Project 05P2021 - R&D Accelerator (DIAGNOSE)
In the past, longitudinal beam profiles have been measured with e.g., Feschenko monitors*, Fast Faraday Cups (FFC)** and field monitors. Feschenko monitors usually examine an average shape over several pulses and FFCs are interceptive devices by design. In this work we want to present the progress in the development of a novel GHz diffraction radiation monitor which shall be able to measure the longitudinal charge distribution of single bunches within Hadron beam LINACS non-destructively. A proof-of-concept measurement has been performed at GSI. We aim for a resolution of 50 to 100ps at beam energies of β=0.05 to 0.74. electronic field simulations were performed using CST Particle Studio to determine an optimal RF-Window, which also suits as vacuum chamber and the beam energy and angular dependencies of the diffraction radiation for different materials were analyzed.
* A. V. Feschenko (2001): Methods and Instrumentation for Bunch Shape Measurements. In Proc. PAC’01, paper ROAB002
** G. Zhu et al (2018): Rev. Sci. Instrum. issn 0034-6748, doi :10.1063/1.5027608

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT018

About •

Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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MOPOPT024

Measuring the Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Far Field with Electro-Optical Techniques

laser, detector, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation

292

C. Widmann, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, S. Funkner, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, G. Niehues, M.-D. Noll, M.M. Patil, M. Reißig, J.L. Steinmann
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
M. Brosi
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Funding: M. M. P. acknowledges the support by the DFG-funded Doctoral School KSETA. C. W. achnowledges funding by BMBF contract number 05K19VKD.
For measuring the temporal profile of the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) a setup based on electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) will be installed as part of the sensor network at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator). The EOSD technique allows a single-shot, phase sensitive measurement of the complete spectrum of the CSR far field radiation at each turn. Therefore, the dynamics of the bunch evolution, e.g. the microbunching, can be observed in detail. Especially, in synchronized combination with the already established near-field EOSD, this method could provide deeper insights in the interplay of bunch profile and CSR generation for each individual electron bunch. For a successful implementation of the EOSD single shot setup, measurements with electro-optical sampling (EOS) are performed. With EOS the THz pulse shape is scanned over several turns by shifting the delay of laser and THz pulse. In this contribution different steps towards the installation of the EOSD far field setup are summarized.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT024

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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MOPOPT031

Renovation of the SR Beam Profile Monitors with Novel Polycrystalline Diamond Mirrors at the SuperKEKB Accelerator

extraction, optics, laser, synchrotron

313

G. Mitsuka, H. Ikeda, T.M. Mitsuhashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

SR beam profile monitors are fundamental to perform the stable beam operation of SuperKEKB. To suppress thermal deformation of SR extraction mirrors–a long-standing issue in SR monitors–, we developed platinum coated diamond mirrors in 2019. The diamond mirrors are made with optical-quality polycrystal-diamond-substrate with extremely large thermal conductivity, and have a size of 20 mm (W) x 30 mm (H) x 2 mm (D). Surface flatness better than λ/5 was observed in an optical testing with a laser interferometer. The diamond mirrors have been installed in HER and LER in 2020 summer and 2021 summer, respectively. Through irradiation for an year at the beam current greater than 800 mA, no significant deformation of the diamond mirrors has been observed. In this talk, we will discuss the design, construction, and optical testing of the polycrystal diamond mirrors. Also beam measurements performed using an interferometer, a coronagraph, a streak camera, and a fast gate camera will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT031

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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MOPOPT033

Study of Cherenkov Diffraction Radiation for Beam Diagnostics

experiment, electron, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic

320

H. Hama, K. Nanbu
Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan

Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) has been paid attention to non-beam-destructive diagnostics in these years. However, the physical understanding of ChDR is not well satisfied yet because of precise experimental observation is not much easier than one expects. Although we do not deny the Cherenkov radiation and ChDR are fully explained by the classical electromagnetics, we encounter a couple of difficulties in actual applications. For instance, the theory is usually established for the far-field observation, in spite of that the radiation is often observed near-field in the realistic beam diagnostic tools employing photon measurements. In addition, the theory, as a matter of course, includes some assumptions which is sometimes not valid for the specific experiments. We have carried out experiments for observation of coherent ChDR in THz frequency region by a using 100 femtosecond electron beam supplied by the t-ACTS accelerator at Tohoku University. In a flame work of this study an FDTD simulation in the large space has been developed as well. In this presentation, we will show the experimental results comparing with both the theory and the simulation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT033

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOPT037

Beam Measurement and Application of the Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Ion Source at KOMAC

ion-source, extraction, vacuum, experiment

328

S.H. Lee, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) and the NRF (National Research Foundation) of Korea grant fund the Korea government (MSIT).
The metal ion beam facility is developed based on the MEVVA* ion source at the KOMAC**. The MEVVA ion source has advantage that it can be extract almost metal ion species as well as high current ion beam. After the installation, we measured beam properties such as peak beam current, beam profile depending on the operation condition. The average charge state is measured in order to estimate the total dose. We evaluate the beam stability through the long-term beam extraction, and the measured the cathode erosion rate too. In addition, as one of the application fields, we irradiate the metal beam on the cathode of the fuel cell and measured the performance. In this paper, the beam measurement results, are summarized and fuel cell performances after metal beam irradiation are discussed.
*Korea Multi-purpose of Accelerator Complex
**Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT037

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOPT051

Optical Fiber Based Beam Loss Monitor for SPS Machine

beam-losses, injection, septum, operation

374

T. Pulampong, W. Phacheerak, P. Sudmuang, N. Suradet
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

At the Siam Photon Source (SPS) beam loss monitors based on PIN diode have been used. The existing system allow beam loss detection very locally at the monitor position close to the vacuum chamber. For optical fiber, Cherenkov radiation can be detected when a lost particle travel in the fiber. Thus optical fiber based loss monitor with sufficient length can cover parts of the machine conveniently. Fast beam loss event can be detected with more accurate position. In this paper, the design and result of the optical fiber based beam loss monitor system at SPS machine are discussed. The system will be a prototype for the new 3 GeV machine SPS-II.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT051

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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MOPOPT053

A Beam Position Monitor for Electron Bunch Detection in the Presence of a More Intense Proton Bunch for the AWAKE Experiment

electron, proton, plasma, experiment

381

C. Pakuza, P. Burrows
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
P. Burrows, C. Pakuza
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
R. Corsini, W. Farabolini, P. Korysko, M. Krupa, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, E. Senes, M. Wendt
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN uses 6 cm long proton bunches extracted from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at 400 GeV beam energy to drive high gradient plasma wakefields for the acceleration of electron bunches to 2 GeV within a 10 m length. Knowledge and control of the position of both copropagating beams is crucial for the operation of the experiment. Whilst the current electron beam position monitoring system at AWAKE can be used in the absence of the proton beam, the proton bunch signal dominates when both particle bunches are present simultaneously. A new technique based on the generation of Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) in a dielectric material placed in close proximity to the particle beam has been designed to exploit the large bunch length difference of the particle beams at AWAKE, 200 ps for protons versus a few ps for electrons, such that the electron signal dominates. Hence, this technique would allow for the position measurement of a short electron bunch in the presence of a more intense but longer proton bunch. The design considerations, numerical analysis and plans for tests at the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) facility are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT053

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOPT063

Reconstruction of Beam Parameters from Betatron Radiation Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Machine Learning

betatron, simulation, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic

407

S. Zhang, G. Andonian, C.E. Hansel, P. Manwani, B. Naranjo, M.H. Oruganti, J.B. Rosenzweig, M. Yadav
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
Ö. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch, M. Yadav
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, Contract No. DE-SC0009914 STFC Liver-pool Centre for Doctoral Training on Data Intensive Science, grant agreement ST/P006752/1
Betatron radiation that arises during plasma wakefield acceleration can be measured by a UCLA-built Compton spectrometer, which records the energy and angular position of incoming photons. Because information about the properties of the beam is encoded in the betatron radiation, measurements of the radiation can be used to reconstruct beam parameters. One method of extracting information about beam parameters from measurements of radiation is maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), a statistical technique which is used to determine unknown parameters from a distribution of observed data. In addition, machine learning methods, which are increasingly being implemented for different fields of beam diagnostics, can also be applied. We assess the ability of both MLE and other machine learning methods to accurately extract beam parameters from measurements.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT063

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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MOPOTK003

Absorbed Dose Characteristics for Irradiation Experiments at AREAL 5 MeV Electron Linac

electron, experiment, simulation, gun

429

V.G. Khachatryan, Z. Amirkhanyan, H. Davtyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, M. Ivanyan, V.H. Petrosyan, A. Vardanyan, A.S. Yeremyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
A. Grigoryan
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia

Existing electron photogun facility at the CANDLE SRI currently can provide electron beam with the energy up to 5 MeV. The beam is being used as an irradiation source in the number of material science and life science experiments. Performed beam particle tracking simulations along with intensive application of the beam diagnostic instruments (bending magnet, YAG stations, Faraday cups) allow control of the experimental samples’ irradiation parameters, particularly exposure times for given dose as well as absorbed dose spatial distribution. Direct application of the electron beam for the irradiation experiments allows achievement of high absorbed dose. For the calculation of the irradiation parameters of the experimental samples’ particle transport simulation results should be combined with the beam current measurements by Faraday Cup (FC). Dose measurements and the comparison with numerical simulations using various initial parameters (Transverse size, divergence and energy spread) permit to pin down their actual values.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK003

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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MOPOTK016

Arc Compressor Test in a Synchrotron - the ACTIS Project

linac, electron, synchrotron, detector

473

M. Rossetti Conti, A. Bacci, I. Drebot, V. Petrillo, A.R. Rossi, M. Ruijter, L. Serafini
INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
A. Curcio
CLPU, Villamayor, Spain
S. Di Mitri
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
G.W. Kowalski, R. Panaś, A.I. Wawrzyniak
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
V. Petrillo
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
E. Puppin
Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy

ACTIS (Arc Compressor Test In a Synchrotron) is an experiment aimed to demonstrate the reliability of arc compressors as lattices capable to increase peak current and brightness of an electron beam as it is bent at large angles. This kind of devices has been proposed at theoretical level in several works over the past decades and could be the key to achieve compact and sustainable Free Electron Lasers in the near future. The experiment has been developed since 2019 in the joint effort between INFN, Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Center and Elettra - S.T. S.C.p.A. The experiment will take place at Solaris (Kraków). Solaris is a synchrotron whose ring is injected by a 550 MeV linac that will be used to prepare the beam with a proper chirp. ACTIS involves also the commissioning of two beam length detectors to be installed downstream of the linac and of the first ring lap. In addition, the low energy model of the machine was built to identify the optimal working point for the experiment and to foresee the longitudinal profile of the beam that will be measured. In this work we present the experiment and report first results obtained in the study phase.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK016

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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MOPOTK031

10 TeV Center of Mass Energy Muon Collider

collider, dipole, quadrupole, focusing

515

K. Skoufaris, C. Carli, D. Schulte
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A Muon collider can provide unique opportunities in high-energy physics as an energy frontier machine. However, a number of challenges have to be addressed during the design process primarily due to the short lifetime of muons. In this work, a lattice for a §I10{TeV} center-of-mass energy collider is presented. Some of the more important challenges faced are: the design of an interaction region with β^* values of the order of a few millimeters and an adequate chromatic compensation without sacrificing the physical and dynamic aperture, the flexibility to control the momentum compaction factor and the radiation generated where neutrinos from muons decays reach the surface. These issues are addressed with the development of a new chromatic correction scheme, the extensive use of flexible momentum compaction factor cells and the efficient control of the optical parameters.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK031

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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MOPOMS015

Temporal and Spatial Characterization of Ultrafast Terahertz Near-Fields for Particle Acceleration

acceleration, electron, simulation, laser

656

A.E. Gabriel, M.C. Hoffmann, E.A. Nanni, M.A.K. Othman
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
We have measured the THz near-field in order to inform the design of improved THz-frequency accelerating structures. THz-frequency accelerating structures could provide the accelerating gradients needed for next generation particle accelerators with compact, GV/m-scale devices. One of the most promising THz generation techniques for accelerator applications is optical rectification in lithium niobate using the tilted pulse front method. However, accelerator applications are limited by significant losses during transport of THz radiation from the generating nonlinear crystal to the acceleration structure. In addition, the spectral properties of high-field THz sources make it difficult to couple THz radiation into accelerating structures. A better understanding of the THz near-field source properties is necessary for the optimization of THz transport and coupling. We have developed a technique for detailed measurement of the THz near-fields and used it to reconstruct the full temporal 3D THz near-field close to the LN emission face. Analysis of the results from this measurement will inform designs of novel structures for use in THz particle acceleration.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS015

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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MOPOMS032

Compact-Two-Octave-Spanning Perpendicular Kicker of MeV Electrons Based on a Cubic Magnet Dipole Array

electron, dipole, laser, kicker

706

T. Rohwer, R. Bazrafshan, F.X. Kärtner, N.H. Matlis
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany
R. Bazrafshan
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
F.X. Kärtner
The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
F.X. Kärtner
CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
P. Vagin
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Funding: This work has been supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) through the Synergy Grant AXSIS (609920).
New compact particle acceleration structures, including but not limited to plasma, THz and direct laser driven accelerators, have in common that they cover a wide energy range of potential final energies and often show a large energy spread. Moreover, they may initially have a rather large emittance. To analyze the energy range of a single shot and/or to deflect the beam to safely dump the electrons away from an end-station requires an electron kicker covering a large energy range. Here, we present a magnetic dipole structure based on a 2D Halbach array. For the current experimental test accelerator in AXSIS, an electron beam in the energy range from 4 to 20 MeV is deflected by 90 degree and energetically dispersed. In direct contrast to a simple magnetic dipole, an array of cubic magnet blocks with tailored magnetization directions allows a focusing of the beam for both longitudinal and transverse directions at 90 degree bend. A generic algorithm optimizes the magnetic field array to the predefined deflection angle and divergence. The modular array structure, in combination with the algorithm enables a simple exchange of magnets to adapt for different beam parameters.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS032

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022

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MOPOMS040

Radiation Shielding Design for the X-Band Laboratory for Radio-Frequency Test Facility - X-Lab - at the University of Melbourne

electron, controls, simulation, operation

724

M. Volpi, R.P. Rassool, S.L. Sheehy, G. Taylor, S.D. Williams
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
D. Banon-Caballero
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
M. Boronat, N. Catalán Lasheras
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
R.T. Dowd
AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
S.L. Sheehy
ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia

Here we report radiation dose estimates calculated for the X-band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (X-LAB) under construction at the University of Melbourne (UoM). The lab will host a CERN X-band test stand containing two 12 GHz 6 MW klystron amplifiers. By power combination through hybrid couplers and the use of pulse compressors, up to 50 MW of peak power can be sent to any of to either of the two test slots at pulse repetition rates up to 400 Hz. The test stand is dedicated to RF conditioning and testing CLIC’s high gradient accelerating structures beyond 100 MV/m. This paper also gives a brief overview of the general principles of radiation protection legislation; explains radiological quantities and units, including some basic facts about radioactivity and the biological effects of radiation; and gives an overview of the classification of radiological areas at X-LAB, radiation fields at high-energy accelerators, and the radiation monitoring system used at X-LAB. The bunker design to achieve a dose rate less than annual dose limit of 1 mSv is also shown.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS040

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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MOPOMS042

Comparison Between Run 2 TID Measurements and FLUKA Simulations in the CERN LHC Tunnel of the Atlas Insertion Region

simulation, operation, experiment, luminosity

732

D. Prelipcean, K. Biłko, F. Cerutti, A. Ciccotelli, D. Di Francesca, R. García Alía, B. Humann, G. Lerner, D. Ricci, M. Sabaté-Gilarte
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
B. Humann
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

In this paper we present a systematic benchmark between the simulated and the measured data for the radiation monitors useful for Radiation to Electronics (R2E) studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. For this purpose, the radiation levels in the main LHC tunnel on the right side of the Interaction Point 1 (ATLAS detector) are simulated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and compared against Total Ionising Dose (TID) measurements performed with the Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system, and 180 m of Distributed Optical Fibre Radiation Sensor (DOFRS). Considering the complexity and the scale of the simulations as well as the variety of the LHC operational parameters, we find a generally good agreement between measured and simulated radiation levels, typically within a factor of 2 or better.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS042

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 23 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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MOPOMS043

Automated Analysis of the Prompt Radiation Levels in the CERN Accelerator Complex

proton, synchrotron, operation, extraction

736

K. Biłko, R. García Alía, J.B. Potoine
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The CERN injector complex is essential in providing high-energy beams to various experiments and to the world’s largest accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Beam losses linked to its operation result in a mixed radiation field which, through both cumulative and single-event effects poses a threat to the electronic equipment exposed in the tunnel. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the radiation distribution and evolution is necessary in order to implement adequate Radiation to Electronics mitigation and prevention measures, resulting in an improvement of the accelerator efficiency and availability. In this study, we present the automated analysis scheme put in place to efficiently process and visualise the radiation data produced by various radiation monitors, distributed at the four largest CERN accelerators, namely the Proton Synchrotron Booster, Proton Synchrotron, Super Proton Synchrotron, and the LHC, where a proton beam is accelerated gradually from 160 MeV up to 7 TeV.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS043

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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MOPOMS044

Implications and Mitigation of Radiation Effects on the CERN SPS Operation during 2021

shielding, electronics, electron, operation

740

Y.Q. Aguiar, A. Apollonio, K. Biłko, M. Brucoli, M. Cecchetto, S. Danzeca, R. García Alía, T. Ladzinski, G. Lerner, J.B. Potoine, A. Zimmaro
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2020), the CERN accelerator complex has undergone major upgrades, mainly in preparation for the High-Luminosity (HL) LHC era, the ultimate capacity for its physics production. Therefore, several novel equipment and systems were designed and deployed throughout the accelerator complex. To comply with the radiation level specifications and avoid machine downtime due to radiation effects, the electronics systems exposed to radiation need to follow Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) methodologies developed and validated by the Radiation to Electronics (R2E) project at CERN. However, the establishment of such procedures is not yet fully implemented in the LHC injector chain, and some R2E failures were detected in the SPS during the 2021 operation. This work is devoted to describing and analysing the R2E failures and their impact on operation, in the context of the related radiation levels and equipment sensitivity.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS044

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 21 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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MOPOMS050

Rigorous Approach for Calculation of Radiation of a Charged Particle Bunch Exiting an Open-Ended Dielectrically Loaded Waveguide

GUI, electron, wakefield, acceleration

757

S.N. Galyamin
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
S. Baturin
ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Funding: Work supported by Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-72-10137).
Beam-driven radiation sources based on open-ended waveguide structures with dielectric filling are of essential interest due to their attractive possibilities to generate high-power narrow-band Cherenkov radiation*. An important problem here is to effectively extract the radiation from the waveguide to the open space. Therefore, further development of this scheme requires rigorous mathematical approach describing the interaction of both charged particle bunch and produced radiation with the open end of a waveguide. In this report, we present the corresponding analytical approach based on our recent paper** where diffraction of a waveguide mode at the open end of a dielectrically loaded waveguide has been rigorously investigated.
* D. Wang et al., Rev. Sci. Instruments, Vol. 89, 093301 (2018).
** S.N. Galyamin et al., IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn., Vol. 69, 2429-2438 (2021).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS050

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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TUOXGD1

Design and Construction of Optical System of the Coronagraph for Beam Halo Observation in the SuperKEKB

scattering, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, electron

769

G. Mitsuka, H. Ikeda, T.M. Mitsuhashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

For the observation of beam halo, the coronagraph is designed and constructed in the SuperKEKB. The coronagraph has three stages of optical systems, objective system, re-diffraction system and relay system. Since the SR monitor of SuperKEKB has a long optical path (60 m), we need an objective system with long focal length. The Aperture limit is determined by the diamond mirror which is set in 23.6 m from the source point. Therefore, we must assign this aperture for the entrance pupil of the objective system. For satisfying these conditions, we design a reflective telephoto system based on the Gregorian telescope for the objective system. The focal length is designed to 7028 mm. and front principal point position is designed to the position of diamond mirror. The result of construction, the performance of the objective system has a diffraction limited quality. The re-diffraction system and relay system are also designed based on Kepler type telescope. The result of optical testing using the beam in the HER, we achieved a contrast of 6 order magnitude. Some early result for the observation of beam halo in the HER will also present in this presentation.

Slides TUOXGD1 [4.345 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXGD1

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUOXGD2

Wireless IoT in Particle Accelerators: A Proof of Concept with the IoT Radiation Monitor at CERN

network, monitoring, electron, electronics

772

S. Danzeca, A.J. Cass, A. Masi, R. Sierra, A. Zimmaro
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem of web-enabled "smart devices" that integrates sensors and communication hardware to collect, send and act on data acquired from the surrounding environment. Use of the IoT in particle accelerators is not new, with accelerator systems long having been connected to the network to retrieve, send and analyse data. What has been missing is the IoT concept of "smart devices" and above all wireless connectivity. We report here on the advantages of using a particular IoT technology, LoRa, for the deployment of wireless radiation monitors within the CERN particle accelerator complex. IoT Radiation Monitors have been developed as a result of growing demand for radiation measurements where standard infrastructure is not available. As a radiation-tolerant device, the IoT Radiation Monitor is a powerful "eye" for observing the real-time radiation levels in the CERN accelerators. We describe here the technologies used for the project and the various advantages their deployment offers in a particle accelerator environment. This opens up the possibility for the deployment of heterogeneous implementations that would otherwise have been impractical.

Slides TUOXGD2 [5.797 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXGD2

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUOXSP1

Origin and Mitigation of the Beam-Induced Surface Modifications of the LHC Beam Screens

electron, cryogenics, ECR, MMI

780

V. Petit, P. Chiggiato, M. Himmerlich, S. Marinoni, H. Neupert, M. Taborelli, L.J. Tavian
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

All over Run 2, the LHC beam-induced heat load on the cryogenic system exhibited a wide scattering along the ring. Studies ascribed the heat source to electron cloud build-up, indicating an unexpected high Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam screen surface in some LHC regions. The inner copper surface of high and low heat load beam screens, extracted during the Long Shutdown 2, was analysed. On the low heat load ones, the surface was covered with the native Cu2O oxide, while on the high heat load ones CuO dominated at surface, and it exhibited a very low carbon coverage. Such chemical modifications increase the SEY and inhibit a proper conditioning of the affected surfaces. Following this characterisation, the mechanisms for CuO build-up in the LHC beam pipe were investigated on a newly commissioned cryogenic system allowing electron irradiation, surface chemical characterisation by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and SEY measurements on samples held below 15 K. In parallel, curative solutions against the presence of CuO in the LHC beam screens were explored, which could be implemented in-situ to recover a proper conditioning and lower the beam-induced heat load.

Slides TUOXSP1 [2.669 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXSP1

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Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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TUOZSP1

Prospects for Optics Measuements in FCC-ee

optics, damping, dipole, collider

827

J. Keintzel, R. Tomás García, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Within the framework of the Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study, the design of the electron-positron collider FCC-ee is optimised, as a possible future double collider ring, currently foreseen to start operation during the 2040s. With close to 100 km of circumference and strong synchrotron radiation damping at highest beam energy, adequate beam measurements are needed to control the optics at the desired level. Various possible techniques to measure the optics in FCC-ee are explored, including the option of turn-by-turn measurements in combination with an AC-dipole.

Slides TUOZSP1 [2.738 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZSP1

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOST049

Simulation Study for an Inverse Designed Narrowband THz Radiator for Ultrarelativistic Electrons

simulation, electron, experiment, photon

973

G. Yadav, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
T. Feurer
Universität Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, Bern, Switzerland
U. Haeusler, A. Kirchner
FAU, Erlangen, Germany
B. Hermann, R. Ischebeck
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
P. Hommelhoff
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

THz radiation has many applications, including medical physics, pump-probe experiments, communications, and security systems. Dielectric grating structures can be used to generate cost-effective and beam synchronous THz radiation based on the Smith Purcell effect. We present a 3-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation study for the THz radiation emitted from an inverse designed grating structure after a 3 GeV electron bunch traverses through it. Our farfield simulation results show a narrowband emission spectrum centred around 881 um, close to the designed value of 900 um. The grating structure was experimentally tested at the SwissFEL facility, and our simulated spectrum shows good agreement with the observed one.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST049

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022

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TUPOST051

Using Data Intensive Science for Accelerator Optimization

plasma, experiment, simulation, electron

980

C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: This work was supported by STFC under grant agreement ST/P006752/1.
Particle accelerators and light sources are some of the largest, most data intensive, and most complex scientific systems. The connections and relations between machine subsystems are complicated and often nonlinear with system dynamics involving large parameter spaces that evolve over multiple relevant time scales and accelerator systems. In 2017, the Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training in Data Intensive Science (LIV. DAT) was established. With almost 40 PhD students, the centre is now established as an international hub for training PhD students in data intensive science. This contribution presents results from studies carried out in LIV. DAT into novel high gradient accelerators with a focus on the data science techniques that were used. This includes studies into inverse-designed narrowband THz radiators for ultra-relativistic electrons, simulation of the transverse asymmetry and inhomogeneity on seeded self-modulation of beams in plasma, as well as studies into the physical aspects of collinear laser injection in Trojan Horse laser plasma experiments.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST051

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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TUPOPT011

Start To End Simulation Study For Oscillator-Amplifier Free-Electron Laser

electron, simulation, FEL, cavity

1022

H. Sun, Z.H. Zhu
SINAP, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
C. Feng, B. Liu
SARI-CAS, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Z.H. Zhu
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

External seeding techniques like high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) and echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) have been proposed and proven to be able to generate fully coherent radiation in the EUV and X-ray range. A big challenge is to combine the advantages of seeding schemes with high repetition rates. Recently, for seeding at a high repetition rate, an optical resonator scheme has been introduced to recirculate the radiation in the modulator to seed the high repetition rate electron bunches. Earlier studies have shown that a resonator-like modulator combined with an amplifier in high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) configuration can be used to generate radiation whose wavelength can reach the water window region. This scheme overcomes the limitation of requiring high repetition rate seed laser systems. In this contribution, we present start-to-end simulation results of a seeded oscillator-amplifier FEL scheme.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT011

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOPT014

The Status of the SASE3 Variable Polarization Project at the European XFEL

undulator, polarization, FEL, vacuum

1029

S. Karabekyan, S. Abeghyan, M. Bagha-Shanjani, S. Casalbuoni, U. Englisch, W. Freund, G. Geloni, J. Grünert, S. Hauf, C. Holz, D. La Civita, J. Laksman, D. Mamchyk, M.P. Planas, F. Preisskorn, S. Serkez, H. Sinn, M. Wuenschel, M. Yakopov, C. Youngman
EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
P. Altmann, A. Block, W. Decking, L. Fröhlich, O. Hensler, T. Ladwig, D. Lenz, D. Lipka, R. Mattusch, N. Mildner, E. Negodin, J. Prenting, F. Saretzki, M. Schlösser, F. Schmidt-Föhre, E. Schneidmiller, M. Scholz, D. Thoden, T. Wamsat, T. Wilksen, T. Wohlenberg, M.V. Yurkov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
J. Bahrdt
HZB, Berlin, Germany
M. Brügger, M. Calvi, S. Danner, R. Ganter, L. Huber, A. Keller, C. Kittel, X. Liang, S. Reiche, M.S. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, K. Zhang
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
D.E. Kim
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
Y. Li
IHEP, People’s Republic of China

The undulator systems at the European XFEL consist of two hard X-ray systems, SASE1 and SASE2, and one soft X-ray system, SASE3. All three systems are equipped with planar undulators using permanent neodymium magnets. These systems allow the generation of linearly polarized radiation in the horizontal plane. In order to generate variable polarization radiation in the soft X-ray range, an afterburner is currently being implemented behind the SASE3 planar undulator system. It consists of four APPLE-X helical undulators. The project, called SASE 3 Variable Polarization, is close to being put into operation. All four helical undulators have been installed in the tunnel during the 2021-2022 winter shutdown. This paper describes the status of the project and the steps toward its commissioning. It also presents lessons learned during the implementation of the project.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT014

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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TUPOPT023

Undulator Tapering Studies of an Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Based Free-Electron Laser

undulator, FEL, electron, laser

1047

F. Pannek, W. Hillert
University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
S. Ackermann, E. Ferrari, L. Schaper
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The free-electron laser (FEL) user facility FLASH at DESY is currently undergoing an upgrade which involves the transformation of one of its beamlines to allow for external seeding via so-called Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG). With this seeding technique it will be possible to provide stable, longitudinal coherent and intense radiation in the XUV and soft X-ray regime at high repetition rate. To ensure an efficient FEL amplification process, sustainable energy exchange between the electrons and the electromagnetic field in the undulator is mandatory. Adequate adjustment of the undulator strength along the beamline allows to compensate for electron energy loss and to preserve the resonance condition. The impact of this undulator tapering on the temporal and spectral characteristics on the EEHG FEL radiation at 4 nm is investigated by means of numerical simulations performed with the FEL code GENESIS 1.3, version 4. Different tapering methods are examined and it is shown that specific tapering of the undulator strength allows to exceed the FEL saturation power while maintaining a clear temporal and spectral shape of the FEL pulse.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT023

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOPT024

Recent Developments at SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre

synchrotron, vacuum, operation, plasma

1051

A.I. Wawrzyniak, P. Andryszczak, G. Cios, K. Gula, G.W. Kowalski, A.M. Marendziak, A. Maximenko, R. Panaś, T. Sobol, M. Szczepaniak, J.J. Wiechecki, M. Wiśniowski, M. Zając
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
A. Curcio
CLPU, Villamayor, Spain
H. Lichtenberg
Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany

SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre is under constant development of the research infrastructure. In 2018 first users were welcomed at three different experimental stations. Up to now 5 end stations are available at SOLARIS for experiments at 4 beamlines, and 4 new beamlines are under construction. In 2021 new front end for POLYX beamline was installed and de-gassed. Moreover, ASTRA beamline components were installed and first commissioning stage has stared. Additionally, a plasma cleaning station has been designed, built and is currently tested. Apart of the beamlines, up-grades to the linac and storage ring operation have been done. During the COVID-19 pandemic the software for remote injection process was developed and is used on daily basis. The transverse beam emittance measurement on the visible light beamline LUMOS was implemented and gives results that are complementary to the Pinhole beamline. Within this presentation the overview of the recent developments with insight to the details to be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT024

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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TUPOPT025

Concept of Electron Beam Diagnostics for PolFEL

FEL, electron, diagnostics, gun

1055

A.I. Wawrzyniak, G.W. Kowalski, A.M. Marendziak, R. Panaś
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
A. Curcio
CLPU, Villamayor, Spain
P.J. Czuma, M. Krakówiak, P. Krawczyk, R. Kwiatkowski, S. Mianowski, R. Nietubyc, M. Staszczak, J. Szewiński, M. Terka, M. Wójtowicz
NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland
K. Łasocha
Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland

PolFEL - Polish Free Electron Laser will be driven by a continuous wave superconducting accelerator consist-ing of low emittance superconducting RF electron gun, four accelerating cryomodules, bunch compressors, beam optics components and diagnostic elements. The acceler-ator will split in three branches leading to undulators pro-ducing VUV, IR and THz radiation, respectively. Two accelerating cryomodules will be installed before a dogleg directing electron bunches towards IR and THz branches. Additional two cryomodules will be placed in the VUV branch accelerating electron bunches up to 185 MeV at 50 kHz repetition rate. Moreover, the electron beam after passing the VUV undulator will be directed to the Inverse Compton Scattering process for high energy photons experiments in a dedicated station. In order to measure and optimise the electron beam parameters along the entire accelerator the main diagnostics components like BPMs, charge monitors, YAG screens, coherent diffrac-tion radiation (CDR) monitors and beam loss monitors are foreseen. Within this presentation the concept of the electron beam diagnostics will be discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT025

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOPT027

Numerical Simulation of a Superradiant THz Source at the PITZ Facility

electron, FEL, undulator, simulation

1063

N. Chaisueb, S. Rimjaem
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
P. Boonpornprasert, M. Krasilnikov, X.-K. Li, A. Lueangaramwong
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
S. Rimjaem
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

An accelerator-based THz source is under development at the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). The facility can produce high brightness electron beams with high charge and small emittance. Currently, a study on development of a tunable high-power THz SASE FEL for supporting THz-pump, X-ray-probe experiments at the European XFEL is underway. An LCLS-I undulator, a magnetic chicane bunch compressor, and THz pulse diagnostics have been installed downstream the previously existing setup of the PITZ beamline. Additional to the SASE FEL, a possibility to generate superradiant THz undulator radiation from short electron bunches is under investigation, which is the focus in this study. Numerical simulations of the superradiant THz radiation by using sub-picosecond electron bunches with energy of 6 - 22 MeV and bunch charge up to 2 nC produced from the PITZ accelerator are performed. The results show that the radiation with a spectral range of 0.5 to 9 THz and a pulse energy in the order of sub-uJ can be obtained. The results from this study can be used as a benchmark for the future development.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT027

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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TUPOPT028

THz Undulator Radiation Based on Super-Radiant Technique at Chiang Mai University

undulator, electron, software, simulation

1067

E. Kongmon
IST, Chiang Mai, Thailand
N. Chaisueb, S. Rimjaem
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
S. Rimjaem
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

A linear accelerator system at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory is used as an electron source for generating coherent THz radiation and MIR-FEL. To achieve high power THz radiation, the super-radiant technique using pre-bunched electrons and undulator magnet is utilized. In this study, we investigate the generation of such radiation with comparable properties as the FEL. The beamline composes of a 180-degree magnetic bunch compressor, a 2 m-electromagnet undulator, quadrupole magnets and diagnostic devices. This work includes the undulator design and investigation on properties of electron beam and THz radiation. Based-on the results of beam dynamic study, the optimized electron beams have an energy in a range of 10^-16 MeV, a bunch charge of 100 pC, and a bunch length of 300 fs. The radiation with frequency covering from 0.5 to 3 THz yields a peak power of 5.21 MW at 1.15 THz. This information was used as an initial parameter for undulator design by using the CST-EM Studio software. It has 19.5 periods with a period length of 100 mm. The design results show that the maximum magnetic field is 0.2317 T. The results of this study are used as the guideline for construction of the undulator and the THz-FEL beamline.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT028

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOPT029

Infrared Free-Electron Laser Project in Thailand

electron, FEL, experiment, FEM

1070

S. Rimjaem, N. Chaisueb, P. Kitisri, K. Kongmali, E. Kongmon, P. Nanthanasit, S. Pakluea, J. Saisut, S. Sukara, K. Techakaew, C. Thongbai
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
P. Apiwattanakul, P. Jaikaew, W. Jaikla, N. Kangrang
Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand
M. Jitvisate
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
M.W. Rhodes
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

The infrared free-electron laser (IR FEL) project is established at Chiang Mai University in Thailand with the aim to provide experimental stations for users utilizing accelerator-based terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared (MIR) radiation. Main components of the system include a thermionic RF gun, an alpha magnet as a bunch compressor and energy filter, a standing-wave RF linac, a THz transition radiation (THz-TR) station, two magnetic bunch compressors and beamlines for MIR/THz FEL. The system commissioning is ongoing to produce the beams with proper properties. Simulation results suggest that the oscillator MIR-FEL with wavelengths of 9.5-16.6 um and pulse energies of 0.15-0.4 uJ can be produced from 60-pC electron bunches with energy of 20-25 MeV. The super-radiant THz-FEL with frequencies of 1-3 THz and 700 kW peak power can be produced from 10^-16 MeV electron bunches with a charge of 50 pC and a length of 200-300 fs. Furthermore, the THz-TR with a spectral range of 0.3-2.5 THz and a pulse power of up to 1.5 MW can be obtained. The MIR/THz FEL will be used as high-brightness light source for pump-probe experiments, while the coherent THz-TR will be used in time-domain spectroscopy.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT029

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOPT038

FAST-GREENS: A High Efficiency Free Electron Laser Driven by Superconducting RF Accelerator

undulator, electron, laser, experiment

1094

P. Musumeci, P.E. Denham, A.C. Fisher, Y. Park
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
R.B. Agustsson, T.J. Hodgetts, A.Y. Murokh, M. Ruelas
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
L. Amoudry
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
D.R. Broemmelsiek, S. Nagaitsev, J. Ruan, J.K. Santucci, G. Stancari, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D.L. Bruhwiler, J.P. Edelen, C.C. Hall
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
A.H. Lumpkin, A. Zholents
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by DOE grants DE-SC0017102, DE-SC0018559 and DE-SC0009914
In this paper we’ll describe the FAST-GREENS experimental program where a 4 m-long strongly tapered helical undulator with a seeded prebuncher is used in the high gain TESSA regime to convert a significant fraction (up to 10 %) of energy from the 240 MeV electron beam from the FAST linac to coherent 515 nm radiation. We’ll also discuss the longer term plans for the setup where by embedding the undulator in an optical cavity matched with the high repetition rate from the superconducting accelerator (3,9 MHz), a very high average power laser source can be obtained. Eventually, the laser pulses can be redirected onto the relativistic electrons to generate by inverse compton scattering a very high flux of circularly polarized gamma rays for polarized positron production.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT038

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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TUPOPT053

Study of Bunch Length Measurement by Forward Coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation

experiment, electron, background, detector

1125

H. Yamada, H. Hama, F. Hinode, K. Kanomata, S. Kashiwagi, S. Miura, T. Muto, I. Nagasawa, K. Nanbu, H. Saito, K. Shibata, K. Takahashi
Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan

We are currently conducting basic research on the development of a non-destructive real-time bunch length monitor using coherent Smith-Purcell radiation at the t-ACTS test accelerator at the Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University. The angular distribution of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation reflects the longitudinal shape of the electron bunch. Using this, we came up with a method to measure the bunch length from the peak angle of the angular distribution. In this presentation, we mainly report the results of an experiment to determine the bunch length from the peak angle of the angular distribution of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation using a 100 fs electron beam of t-ACTS.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT053

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Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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TUPOPT054

Generation of Coherent THz Transition Radiation for Time Domain Spectroscopy at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory

electron, linac, FEM, experiment

1129

S. Pakluea
Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand
M. Jitvisate
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

The accelerator system at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory is used to generate terahertz transition radiation (THz-TR). Due to broad spectrum, it can be used as the light source for THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) to measure both the intensity and phase of the THz signal. This contribution presents the generation of the THz-TR produced from 10-20 MeV electron beams and the system preparation for THz TDS. The electron bunches, which are compressed to have a length of femtosecond scale at the experimental station, is used to generate the THz-TR using a 45°-tilted aluminum foil as a radiator. The radiation properties including angular distribution, polarization and radiation spectrum are measured in the accelerator hall and at the TDS station. The radiation spectral range covers up to 2.3 THz with the peak power of 0.5 - 1.25 MW is expected. The effects of electron bunch distribution, divergence of the beam and influence of optical components on the radiation properties were studied. The results show that the considered effects have a significant impact on the TR properties. The Information will be used in the TR characterization that is needed to be interpreted carefully.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT054

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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TUPOPT069

Preparation and Characterization of BTO-BFO Multiferroic Ceramics as Electrical Controllable Fast Phase Shifting Component

controls, experiment, factory, site

1178

N.W. Martirosyan, A. Grigoryan, Kh.Gh. Kirakosyan, V. Sahakyan, A. Sargsyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
A. Grigoryan
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
G.S. Karoyan, R.H. Khazaryan, M.M. Mkrtchian, T. Vandunts
NPUA, Yerevan, Armenia

A rich variety of dielectric, optical, acoustic/piezoelectric, ferromagnetic properties of ferroelectric and multiferroic composite materials open a new perspective for the development of modern accelerators with new principle of electron acceleration and control system. These properties may be controlled by external electric fields. In particular, the production of electric field controlling ultrafast facilities for 0.7-20 GHz RF phase shifting and amplitude modulation where a very short response time of <10 nsec is required . A Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technology for obtaining ceramic materials, based on (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 compositions with various dopant (MgO, MnO, etc.), has been developed. The general parameters of the SHS process (temperature and propagation velocity of the combustion front) are measured. The dependences of microstructure (grain size, density, and porosity), as well as electro physical properties of the sintered samples on compaction and sintering thermodynamic variables, such as the pressing pressure and duration, sintering temperature, sintering duration and atmosphere, heating and cooling rates, are experimentally investigated.
* https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010066
** Appl. Phys. Let., V.101, p. 232903-5, 2012
*** A. Kanareykin & et al. FERROELECTRIC BASED HIGH POWER TUNER FOR L-BAND ACCELERATOR APPLICATIONS. IPAC2013

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT069

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022

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TUPOTK004

Time Resolved Field Emission Detection During ESS Cryomodule Tests

cavity, cryomodule, electron, neutron

1192

E. Cenni, G. Devanz, O. Piquet
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M. Baudrier, L. Maurice
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France

At CEA-Saclay we are currently testing the European Spallation Source (ESS) high beta cryomodules (CM). Each cryomodule is equipped with four superconducting elliptical cavities with their ancillaries (fundamental power couplers (FPC), frequency tuners and magnetic shields). The cavity are designed to accelerate protons with relativistic speed about β=0.86 and operate at an accelerating field of 19.9MV/m. During cryomodule test, operational parameters are inspected by powering up one cavity at the time. A dedicated gamma ray detection system has been designed and installed around the cryomodule in order to have a more precise insight into field emission phenomenon occurring during cryomodule operation. Recently we were able to obtain time resolved data concerning radiation emerging from the cavities due to field emission.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK004

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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TUPOTK020

Status of LASA-INFN R&D Activity on PIP-II Low-beta Prototypes

cavity, SRF, experiment, operation

1241

M. Bertucci, A. Bosotti, A. D’Ambros, E. Del Core, A.T. Grimaldi, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, C. Pagani, R. Paparella, D. Sertore
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
A. Gresele
Zanon Research & Innovation, Schio, VI, Italy
C. Pagani
Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy

LASA-INFN is developing some PIP-II β=0.61 cavity prototypes so to set up a high-Q recipe allowing to reach the PIP-II performance target in view of the series production. A single-cell cavity was treated with a XFEL-like baseline recipe, whereas a multicell cavity underwent a mid-T bake step as final surface treatment. Both cavities have been then tested at the LASA vertical experimental facility. The test results are here reported and discussed. Basing on the satisfactory results so far obtained, a strategy for the qualification and upgrade of the LASA vertical test facility is outlined.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK020

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOTK063

CERN Linac4 Chopper Dump: Operational Experience and Future Upgrades

linac, operation, site, ISOL

1370

C.J. Sharp, P. Andreu Muñoz, M. Calviani, G. Costa, L.S. Esposito, R. Franqueira Ximenes, D. Grenier, E. Grenier-Boley, J.R. Hunt, A.M. Krainer, C.Y. Mucher, C. Torregrosa
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The Chopper Dump in the Linac4 accelerator at CERN is a beam-intercepting device responsible for the absorption of the 3 MeV H⁻ ion beam produced by the Linac4 source and deflected upstream by an electromagnetic chopper. It allows a portion of the beam, which would otherwise fall into the unstable region of the radiofrequency buckets in the Proton Synchrotron Booster, to be dumped at low energy with minimal induced radiation. It may also be used to absorb the entire beam. With peak currents of 25 to 45 mA and shallow penetration, this results in large deposited energy densities, thermal gradients and mechanical stresses. Additional constraints arise from geometric integration, vacuum and radiation protection requirements. Material selection, beam-matter interaction studies and thermo-structural analyses are important aspects of the design process. The Chopper Dump underwent modification in 2019 following observed material degradation in the original version of the device. The experience gained, modifications made and observations noted since then are detailed herein. Against this background, the design and analysis of an upgraded device, intended to cope with future operational conditions, is outlined and discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK063

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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TUPOMS010

BESSY III Status Report and Lattice Design Process

lattice, sextupole, emittance, HOM

1417

P. Goslawski, M. Abo-Bakr, M. Arlandoo, J. Bengtsson, K. Holldack, A. Jankowiak, B.C. Kuske, A. Meseck, M.K. Sauerborn, M. Titze, J. Viefhaus, J. Völker
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association.
Since 2020 a detailed discussion about a BESSY~II successor is ongoing at HZB and its user community in order to define the science and layout of the new facility. Still free locations close to BESSY~II have triggered a discussion about a greenfield project, but in-house upgrade solutions have also been investigated. As an additional boundary condition, BESSY~III has to meet the requirement of the Physikalische Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) for radiation sources for metrology applications and bending magnet sources for tender X-rays. A Conceptional Design Report is in preparation. Here, we give a status report including a first parameter space, technical specifications and a first candidate for the linear lattice.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS010

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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TUPOMS012

Investigation of Spectro-Temporal Properties of CHG Radiation at DELTA

laser, electron, storage-ring, bunching

1423

A. Radha Krishnan, B. Büsing, A. Held, H. Kaiser, S. Khan, C. Mai, Z. Usfoor, V. Vijayan
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

Funding: Funded by DFG (INST 212/236-1 FUGG), BMBF (05K16PEA, 05K19PEB), and by the federal state NRW.
At the synchrotron light source DELTA operated by the TU Dortmund University, the short-pulse facility employs the seeding scheme coherent harmonic generation (CHG) and provides ultrashort pulses in the vacuum ultraviolet and terahertz regime. Here, the interaction of laser pulses with the stored electron bunches results in a modulation of the longitudinal electron density which gives rise to coherent emission at harmonics of the laser wavelength. The spectral and temporal properties of such coherent short pulses can be manipulated by the seed laser properties and chicane strength. CHG spectra at several harmonics of the 800 nm seed laser were recorded using an image-intensified CCD (iCCD) camera and a newly installed XUV spectrometer. Numerical simulations to calculate the spectral phase properties of the seed laser from the observed spectra were carried out.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS012

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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TUPOMS013

Novel High Repetition Rate CW SRF Linac-Based Multispectral Photon Source

FEL, electron, linac, undulator

1427

P.E. Evtushenko
HZDR, Dresden, Germany

We discuss a design of a CW SRF linac-based photon facility for the generation of MIR-THz and VUV pulses at high repetition rates of up to 1 MHz. The MIR-THz sources would cover the frequency range from 0.1 to 30 THz with the pulse energies of a few 100 µJ. The use of the CW SRF linac and the radiation source architecture will allow for high flexibility in the pulse repetition rate. Conventional superradiant THz sources, driven by electron bunches shorter than the radiation wavelength, would cover the wavelength range from 0.1 THz to about 2.5 THz. A different approach is developed to extend the operation of the superradiant undulators well beyond the few THz. For this, a longitudinally modulated electron bunch would be used to achieve significant bunching factors at higher frequencies. The proposed VUV FEL would use the HGHG FEL scheme. It will allow the construction of a unique, fully coherent, high repetition rate source operated with about 30 µJ pulse energy at the first harmonic in the design wavelength range. An FEL oscillator, operating at a wavelength 3-5 times longer than the HGHG system, can generate the seed required for the high repetition rate HGHG scheme.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS013

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOMS022

Cooling Challenges in a NEG-Coated Vacuum Chamber of a Light Source

vacuum, simulation, software, synchrotron

1456

S. Talebi Motlagh, A. Danaeifard, J. Rahighi, F. Saeidi
ILSF, Tehran, Iran
F. Zamani
University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

In a light Source, unused synchrotron radiation is being distributed along the walls of the chambers. Due to the small conductance of the chambers, vacuum pumping is based on the distributed concept, and then non-evaporable getter (NEG) coating is extensively used. The vacuum chambers are made of copper alloys tube, and cooling circuits are welded to the chamber to remove the heat load from the radiation generated. Filler metal is used to create a brazed joint between the water cooling pipe and the vacuum chamber body. The thermal conductivity of the fillers is less than the vacuum chamber body. Moreover, the water velocity in the cooling pipe must be taken into account in thermal calculations. In this paper, we study and investigate the effects of the filler metal and the cooling water velocity in cooling the chambers.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS022

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOMS024

Sensitivity of EEHG Simulations to Dynamic Beam Parameters

electron, FEL, simulation, laser

1463

D. Samoilenko, W. Hillert, F. Pannek
University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
S. Ackermann, E. Ferrari, N.S. Mirian, P. Niknejadi, G. Paraskaki, L. Schaper
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
F. Curbis, M.A. Pop, S. Werin
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Currently, the Free electron laser user facility FLASH at DESY is undergoing a significant upgrade involving the complete transformation of one of its beamlines to allow external seeding. With the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) seeding method, we aim for the generation of fully coherent XUV and soft X-ray pulses at wavelengths down to 4 nm. The generated FEL radiation is sensitive to various electron beam properties, e.g., its energy profile imprinted either deliberately or by collective effects such as Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR). In dedicated particle tracking simulations, one usually makes certain assumptions concerning the beam properties and the collective effects to simplify implementation and analysis. Here, we estimate the influence of some of the common assumptions made in EEHG simulations on the properties of the output FEL radiation, using the example of FLASH and its proposed seeding beamline. We conclude that the inherent properties of the FLASH1 beam, namely the negatively chirped energy profile, has dominant effect on the spectral intensity profile of the radiators output compare to that of the CSR induced chirp.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS024

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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TUPOMS030

Event Tree Model for Safety Reliability Analysis of High Energy Electron 1.2 GeV Radiation Monitoring System Design

monitoring, electron, synchrotron, EPICS

1479

P. Aim-O, P. Kulthanasomboon, N.S. Pamungkas, S. Ruengpoonwittaya, M. Sophon, N. Sumano, A. Thongwat
SLRI, Nakhon-Ratchasima, Thailand
K. Manasatitpong
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand

Funding: The Science, Research, and Innovation Fund (SRI fund)
The SPS Radiation Monitoring System (SPSRMS) has been designed to measure the ionizing radiation which are generated from the high-energy electron 1.2 GeV. SPSRMS design shall be performed to assure of the adequate performance system in order to prevent the radiation exposure of workers and general public in the synchrotron facility. The research purpose is to evaluate the frequency of failure of real-time radiation monitoring system design that might be happened from the abnormal case which is unable to transfer the important radiation dose continuously. An Event Tree Analysis (ETA) had been approached to evaluate the safety reliability of the SPSRMS which is a method of deducing possibilities and outcomes in a chronological order. This method has been determined the probability of possible negative outcomes that can cause harm and result from the chosen initiating event. The scenario results showed that reliability was increased from 99.71%±19.57% to 99.80%±19.58% (95% confidential level) after adding redundancy in all the devices. The reliability assessment results of SPSRMS are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS030

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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TUPOMS034

Tunability and Alternative Optics for the Diamond-II Storage Ring

lattice, emittance, brilliance, brightness

1495

H. Ghasem, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

When defining the magnet specifications, a key consideration is that the hardware should be flexible enough to allow some contingency for future tuning requirements or for alternative lattice solutions to be implemented. To define the required tunability of the magnets, we have investigated two lattice solutions for the Diamond-II storage ring upgrade, one with reduced beta functions at the straight sections for improved matching to the photon beam and one with an ultra-low emittance of 87 pm with IDs. In this paper, the linear and nonlinear beam dynamic issues as well as the photon beam brightness for these two options will be presented and discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS034

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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WEOXGD2

Electron Accelerator Lattice Design for LHeC with Permanent Magnets

electron, linac, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation

1587

D. Trbojevic, J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work performed under the Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of US Department of Energy
We present a new ’green energy’ approach to the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) the future Electron Ion Collider at LHeC using single beam line made of very strong focusing combined function permanent magnets and the Fixed Field Alternating Linear Gradient (FFA-LG) principle. We are basing our design on recent very successful commissioning results of the Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory ERL Test Accelerator-CBETA.

Slides WEOXGD2 [19.845 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOXGD2

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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WEOXSP1

Proposal for a Compact Neutron Generator Based on a Negative Deuterium Ion Beam

neutron, target, ion-source, electron

1599

K. Jimbo, T. Shirai
QST-NIRS, Chiba, Japan
K. Leung
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
K.A. Van Bibber
UCB, Berkeley, California, USA

Interest in high intensity generators of neutrons for basic and applied science has been growing, and thus the demand for an economical neutron generator has been growing. A major driver for the development of high intensity neutron generators are studies of neutron disturbance in integrated circuits, for which a compact generator that can be easily accommodated in an ordinary size lab would be highly desirable. We have investigated possible designs for neutron generators based on the D-D fusion reaction, which produce direction dependent mono-energetic neutrons with carry-off energy larger than 2.45 MeV. Specifically, we find a negative deuterium ion beam most attractive for this application, and plan to construct such a system with a negative deuterium ion beam of 200 keV energy and 100 mA current as a prototype of this concept.

Slides WEOXSP1 [2.581 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOXSP1

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Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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WEOYGD1

Recent Results of Beam Loss Mitigation and Extremely Low Beam Loss Operation of J-PARC RCS

injection, scattering, operation, proton

1616

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, T. Nakanoya, K. Okabe, H. Okita, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
H. Hotchi
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

In the 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), multi-turn charge-exchange injection of H⁻ by using a thin stripper foil is performed to achieve high-intensity proton beam of 1 MW. The beam loss at 1 MW has already been well controlled, but for further minimizing both uncontrolled and controlled beam losses caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam, recently we have implemented a lower vertical injection beam size and installed a corresponding smaller size stripper foil. A smaller foil gives a significant reduction of the foil scattering uncontrolled beam loss at the injection area, while an optimization of the vertical transverse painting area matching with a smaller beam size further gives an extremely reduction of the beam loss at the collimator section. The corresponding residual radiation at the recent operation with 700 kW beam power was also measured to extremely reduced.

Slides WEOYGD1 [1.161 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYGD1

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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WEIYSP1

New Designs of Short-Period Undulators for Producing High-Brightness Radiation in Synchrotron Light Sources

undulator, vacuum, cryogenics, synchrotron

1624

E.J. Wallén
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

We review modern state-of-the-art and new concepts of undulators planned for new generation light sources. Both superconducting and permanent-magnet-based insertion devices feature unique solutions to reach high precisely tunable fields in the period range of 10^-18 mm, 2-4 meters in length and with the ID gaps of less than 5 mm. The same quest for small gaps and shortest possible period length exists also for elliptically polarizing undulators. A review of new designs in Europe, Asia and Americas will be in the focus of this presentation.

Slides WEIYSP1 [21.171 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYSP1

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Received ※ 15 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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WEOYSP1

Experiments with Undulator Radiation, Emitted by a Single Electron

synchrotron, electron, photon, undulator

1628

I. Lobach
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, G. Stancari
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
We study a single electron, circulating in the Fermilab IOTA storage ring and interacting with an undulator through single and multi-photon emissions. The focus of this research is on single-photon and two-photon undulator emissions. We begin by using one Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) detector to detect the undulator radiation photons and search for possible deviations from the expected Poissonian photon statistics. Then, we go on to use a two-photon interferometer consisting of two SPAD detectors separated by a beam splitter. This allows to test if there is any correlation in the detected photon pairs. In addition, the photocount arrival times can be used to track the longitudinal motion of a single electron and to compare it with simulations. This allowed us to determine several dynamical parameters of the storage ring such as the rf cavity phase jitter and the dependence of the synchrotron motion period on amplitude.

Slides WEOYSP1 [10.952 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYSP1

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Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 25 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 03 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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WEINGD1

Industry and Accelerator Science, Technology, and Engineering - the Need to Integrate (Building Bridges)

electron, laser, network, MMI

1644

R. Geometrante
KYMA, Trieste, Italy
S. Biedron
Element Aero, Chicago, USA
E. Braidotti
CAEN ELS srl, Trieste, Italy
J.M.A. Priem
VDL ETG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
J.C. Rugsancharoenphol
FTI, Bangkok, Thailand
S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
M. Vretenar
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Abstract

Slides WEINGD1 [36.079 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEINGD1

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Received ※ 05 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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WEOZSP3

Measurements of Radiation Fields From a Ceramic Break

simulation, impedance, injection, synchrotron

1663

Y. Shobuda, S. Hatakeyama, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
T. Toyama
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

Ceramic breaks are used in synchrotrons for many purposes. For example, they are inserted between the Multi-Wire Profile Monitor (MWPM) on the injection line at the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in J-PARC to completely prevent the wall currents accompanying beams from affecting the MWPM. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing beam impedances and the radiation fields from the ceramic breaks, it would be preferable that the inner surface of the ceramic break is coated with Titanium Nitride (TiN), or covered over capacitors. In this report, we measure the radiation fields from the ceramic break with and without capacitors as well as the beam profile and investigate the effect of the ceramic breaks on the measurements.

Slides WEOZSP3 [35.441 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOZSP3

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Received ※ 12 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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WEPOST001

Radiation Load Studies for Superconducting Dipole Magnets in a 10 TeV Muon Collider

collider, shielding, dipole, electron

1671

D. Calzolari, C. Carli, B. Humann, A. Lechner, G. Lerner, F. Salvat Pujol, D. Schulte, K. Skoufaris
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
B. Humann
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

Among the various future lepton colliders under study, muon colliders offer the prospect of reaching the highest collision energies. Despite the promising potential of a multi-TeV muon collider, the short lifetime of muons poses a severe technological challenge for the collider design. In particular, the copious production of decay electrons and positrons along the collider ring requires the integration of continuous radiation absorbers inside superconducting magnets. The absorbers are needed to avoid quenches, reduce the heat dissipation in the cold mass and prevent magnet failures due to long-term radiation damage. In this paper, we present FLUKA shower simulations assessing the shielding requirements for high-field magnets of a 10 TeV muon collider. We quantify in particular the role of synchrotron photon emission by decay electrons and positrons, which helps in dispersing the energy carried by the decay products. For comparison, selected results for a 3 TeV muon collider are also presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST001

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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WEPOST002

Synchrotron Radiation Impact on the FCC-ee Arcs

shielding, electron, neutron, electronics

1675

B. Humann
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
F. Cerutti, B. Humann, R. Kersevan
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Synchrotron radiation (SR) emitted by electron and positrons beams represents a major loss source in high energy circular colliders, such as the lepton version of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) at CERN. In particular, for the operation mode at 182.5 GeV (above the top pair threshold), its spectrum makes it penetrate well beyond the vacuum chamber walls. In order to optimize its containment, dedicated absorbers are envisaged. In this contribution we report the energy deposition studies performed with FLUKA to assess heat load, time-integrated dose, power density and particle fluence distribution in the machine components and the surrounding environment. Different choices for the absorber material were considered and shielding options for electronics were investigated. Furthermore, possible positions for the booster ring were reviewed from the radiation exposure point of view.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST002

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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WEPOST003

Implications of the Upgrade II of LHCb on the LHC Insertion Region 8: From Energy Deposition Studies to Mitigation Strategies

luminosity, dipole, detector, experiment

1679

A. Ciccotelli
The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
F. Butin, F. Cerutti, A. Ciccotelli, L.S. Esposito, B. Humann, M. Wehrle
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
B. Humann
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

Starting from LHC Run3, a first upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade I) will enable oeration with a significantly increased instantaneous luminosity in the LHC Insertion Region 8 (IR8), up to 2·10³³/(cm² s). Moreover, the proposed second upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade II) aims at increasing it by an extra factor 7.5 and collecting an integrated luminosity of 400/fb by the end of Run6. Such an ambitious goal poses challenges not only for the detector but also for the accelerator components. Monte Carlo simulations represent a valuable tool to predict the implications of the radiation impact on the machine, especially for future operational scenarios. A detailed IR8 model implemented by means of the FLUKA code is presented in this study. With such a model, we calculated the power density and dose distributions in the superconducting coils of the LHC final focusing quadrupoles (Q1-Q3) and separation dipole (D1) and we highlight a few critical issues calling for mitigation measures. Our study addresses also the recombination dipole (D2) and the suitability of the present TANb absorber, as well as the proton losses in the Dispersion Suppressor (DS) and their implications.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST003

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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WEPOST007

Centre-of-Mass Energy in FCC-ee

collider, polarization, cavity, simulation

1683

J. Keintzel, R. Tomás García, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
A.P. Blondel
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
D.N. Shatilov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) is designed for high precision particle physics experiments. This demands a precise knowledge of the beam energies, obtained by resonant depolarization, and from which the center-of-mass energy and possible boosts at all interaction points are then determined. At the highest beam energy mode of 182.5 GeV, the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation is about 10 GeV per revolution. Hence, not only the location of the RF cavities, but also a precise control of the optics and understanding of beam dynamics, are crucial. In the studies presented here, different possible locations of the RF-cavities are considered, when calculating the beam energies over the machine circumference, including energy losses from crossing angles, a non-homogeneous dipole distribution, and an estimate of the beamstrahlung effect at the collision point.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST007

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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WEPOST016

Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee

collimation, simulation, framework, coupling

1718

A. Abramov, R. Bruce, M. Hofer, G. Iadarola, S. Redaelli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
F.S. Carlier, T. Pieloni, M. Rakic
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
L.J. Nevay
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

A collimation system is under study for the FCC-ee to protect the machine from the multi-MJ electron and positron beams and limit the backgrounds to the detectors. One of the key aspects of the collimation system design is the setup of simulation studies combining particle tracking and scattering in the collimators. The tracking must include effects important for electron beam single-particle dynamics in the FCC-ee, such as synchrotron radiation. For collimation, an aperture model and particle-matter interactions for electrons are required. There are currently no established simulation frameworks that include all the required features. The latest developments of an integrated framework for multi-turn collimation studies in the FCC-ee are presented. The framework is based on an interface between tracking codes, pyAT and Xtrack, and a particle-matter interaction code, BDSIM, based on Geant4. Promising alternative simulation codes and frameworks are also discussed. The challenges are outlined, and the first results are presented, including preliminary loss maps for the FCC-ee.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST016

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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WEPOST023

Design of a Very Low Energy Beamline for NA61/SHINE

experiment, target, optics, detector

1741

C.A. Mussolini, N. Charitonidis
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
P. Burrows, C.A. Mussolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
P. Burrows, C.A. Mussolini
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
Y. Nagai
Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
E.D. Zimmerman
CIPS, Boulder, Colorado, USA

A new, low-energy branch is being designed for the H₂ beamline at the CERN North Experimental Area. This new low-energy branch would extend the capabilities of the current infrastructure enabling the study of particles in the low, 1 - 13 GeV/c, momentum range. The first experiment to profit from this new line will be NA61/SHINE (SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment), a multi-purpose experiment studying hadron production in hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the SPS. However, other future fixed target experiments or test-beam experiments installed in the downstream zones could also benefit from the low-energy particles provided. The proposed layout and expected performance of this line, along with estimates of particle rates, and considerations on the technical implementation of the beamline are presented in this contribution. A description on the instrumentation, which will enable particle-by-particle tagging, crucial for the experiments scope, is also discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST023

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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WEPOST026

Conceptual Design of the FCC-ee Beam Dumping System

operation, extraction, dumping, simulation

1753

A.M. Krainer, P. Andreu Muñoz, W. Bartmann, M. Calviani, Y. Dutheil, A. Lechner, F.-X. Nuiry, A. Perillo-Marcone
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
R.L. Ramjiawan
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) will have stored beam energies of up to 20 MJ. This is a factor 100 higher than any current or past lepton collider. A safe and reliable disposal of the beam onto a beam dump block is therefore critical for operation. To ensure the survival of the dump core blocks, transversal dilution of the beam is necessary. To reduce the complexity of the system and guarantee high availability, an optimized, semi-passive beam dumping system has been designed. The main dump absorber design has been optimized following recent studies for high energy dump block materials for the LHC High Luminosity upgrade. First simulations regarding the radiation environment of the dumping system have been carried out, allowing the definition of preliminary constraints for the integration with respect to radiation sensitive equipment. The performance of the system has been evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations as well as thermomechanical Finite-Element-Analysis to investigate potential material failure and assess safety margins. An experiment at the CERN HiRadMat facility has been carried out and preliminary results show good agreement with simulations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST026

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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WEPOST041

Physical Aspects of Collinear Laser Injection at SLAC FACET-II E-310: Trojan Horse Experiment

plasma, experiment, laser, electron

1787

M. Yadav, O. Apsimon, E. Kukstas, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.E. Hansel, P. Manwani, B. Naranjo, J.B. Rosenzweig
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
B. Hidding
USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Funding: This work was performed with support of the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, un-der Contract No. DE-SC0009914, and the STFC grant ST/P006752/1.
The Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET-II) is a test accelerator infrastructure at SLAC dedicated to the research and development of advanced accelerator technologies. We performed simulations of electron beam driven wakefields, with collinear lasers used for ionization injection of electrons. We numerically generated a witness beam using the OSIRIS code in an up ramp plasma as well as uniform plasma regimes. We report on challenges and details of the E-310 experiment which aims to demonstrate this plasma photocathode injection at FACET-II. We examine the phenomena beam hosing and drive beam depletion. Details of the witness beam generated are discussed. Computation of betatron-radiation X-ray spatial distribution and critical energy are done for FACET-II low emittance beams.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST041

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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WEPOST042

Radiation Diagnostics for AWA and FACET-II Flat Beams in Plasma

plasma, betatron, electron, emittance

1791

M. Yadav, O. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
H.S. Ancelin, G. Andonian, P. Manwani, J.B. Rosenzweig
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA

Funding: This work was performed with support of the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-SC0009914, DE-SC0017648 - AWA and STFC grant ST/P006752/1 ,
In energy beam facilities like FACET and AWA, beams with highly asymmetric emittance are of interest because they are the preferred type of beam for linear colliders. That is ultimately the motivation: building a plasma based LC. In this case, the blowout region is no longer symmetric around an axis is not equal in the two transverse planes. Focusing is required to keep the particles within the tight apertures and characterizing these accelerators shows the benefits of employing ultra low beam emittances. Beams with high charge and high emittance ratios in excess of 100:1 are available at AWA. If the focusing will not be equal, then we will have different radiation signatures for the flat and symmetric beams in plasma. We use OSIRIS particle-in-cell codes to compare various scenarios including a weak blowout and a strong blowout. Further, we determine the radiation generated in the system by importing particle trajectories into a Liénard Weichert code. We discuss future steps towards full diagnostics of flat beams using radiation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST042

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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WEPOPT011

Modelling FCC-ee Using MADX

solenoid, lattice, emittance, quadrupole

1854

L. van Riesen-Haupt, H. Burkhardt, T.H.B. Persson, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

We present the latest developments for simulating FCC-ee using CERN’s MADX software. Along with updated benchmark studies, we describe how the latest MADX updates can facilitate the simulation of FCC-ee design features, including improvements in tapering and different options for implementing a tilted solenoid.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT011

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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WEPOPT054

Target Studies for the FCC-ee Positron Source

target, positron, electron, photon

1979

F. Alharthi, I. Chaikovska, R. Chehab, S. Ogur, A. Ushakov, S. Wallon
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
L. Bandiera, A. Mazzolari, M. Romagnoni, A.I. Sytov
INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
J. Diefenbach, W. Lauth
IKP, Mainz, Germany
O. Khomyshyn
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
D.M. Klekots
National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, The Faculty of Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine
V.V. Mytrochenko
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
P. Sievers, Y. Zhao
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Soldani
Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

FCC-ee injector study foresees 3.5~nC electron and positron bunches with 200 Hz repetition and 2 bunches per linac pulse at 6~GeV extraction energy. Regarding the possible options of positron production, we retain both of the conventional amorphous target and the hybrid target options. The hybrid scheme uses an intense photon production by 6 GeV electrons impinging on a crystal oriented along a lattice axis. In such a way, it involves two targets: a crystal as a photon radiator and an amorphous target-converter. Therefore, to avoid early failure or damage of the target, the candidate materials for the crystal and conversion targets have started to be tested by using the intense electron beam at Mainzer Mikrotron in Germany by the end of 2021. By manipulating the beam intensity, focusing, and chopping, a Peak Energy Deposition Density in the tested targets could be achieved close to that generated by the electron/photon beam in the FCC-ee positron target. Radiation-damage studies of the crystal sample have been also performed allowing estimating the effect on the photon enhancement used in the hybrid positron source.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT054

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Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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WEPOTK036

Progress on Electron Beam Optimization for FLASH Radiotherapy Experiment at Chiang Mai University

electron, simulation, experiment, linac

2146

K. Kongmali, P. Apiwattanakul, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
P. Apiwattanakul, N. Kangrang
Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand
M. Jitvisate
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
P. Lithanatudom
IST, Chiang Mai, Thailand

At present, one of diseases that kills many people worldwide is cancer. The FLASH radiotherapy (RT) is a promising cancer treatment under study. It involves the fast delivery of RT at much higher dose rates than those currently used in clinical practice. The very short time of exposure leads to the destruction of the cancer cells, while the nearby normal cells are less damaged as compared with conventional RT. This work focuses on study of FLASH-RT experiment using electron beams produced from the accelerator system at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory. The structure and properties of our electron pulses with microbunches in picosecond time scale and macropulses in microsecond time scale match well to FLASH-RT requirement. To optimize the condition for experiment, the electron beam simulations are performed by varying energy, charge and bunch length. The 25 MeV electrons energy before hitting the window for 50 and 100 pC bunch length have a bunch length of 1.16 and 1.97 ps. The transverse rms beam sizes of 50 pC and 100 pC bunch charges have the differences between ASTRA and GEANT4 from 7.90 % to 34.0 %. The optimized electron beam properties from this study will be used as the guideline for further simulation and experiment preparation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK036

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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WEPOTK037

Radiation of a Particle Moving Along a Helical Trajectory in a Resistive-Wall Cylindrical Waveguide

GUI, undulator, laser, electron

2150

M. Ivanyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, B.K. Sargsyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
K. Flöttmann, F. Lemery
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Grigoryan
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia

Funding: The work was supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project 21T-1C239
The radiation field of a particle moving on a helical trajectory in a cylindrical waveguide with resistive walls is calculated. The deformation of the energy spectrum of radiation, as a result of the finite conductivity of the walls, is investigated.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK037

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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WEPOTK039

Radiation of a Particle Moving Along a Helical Trajectory in a Semi-Infinite Cylindrical Waveguide

GUI, undulator, HOM, injection

2154

M. Ivanyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, V.G. Khachatryan, B.K. Sargsyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
K. Flöttmann, F. Lemery
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Grigoryan
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia

Funding: The work was supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project 21T-1C239
The radiation field of a particle which suddenly appears in an ideal waveguide and moves on a helical trajectory under the influence ofexternal magnetic fields is calculated. The shape and character of the front of the propagating wave is determined. The time dependence of radiation energy accumulated in the waveguide is investigated.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK039

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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WEPOTK057

Towards Direct Detection of the Shape of CSR Pulses with Fast THz Detectors

detector, synchrotron, electron, synchrotron-radiation

2190

J.L. Steinmann, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: We acknowledge in part support by the Helmholtz President’s strategic fund IVF "Plasma accelerators". This work is funded in part by the BMBF contract number: 05K19VKD.
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is emitted when the emitting structure is equal to or smaller than the observed wavelength. Consequently, these pulses are very short and most detectors respond with their impulse response, regardless of the pulse length and shape. Here we present single-shot measurements performed at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) using a fast real-time oscilloscope and Schottky barrier detectors sensitive in the sub-THz range. The time response of this setup to CSR pulses emitted by electron bunches during the microbunching instability is shown to be sensitive to the shape of the electron bunch. Our results show how, in the future, the shape of electron bunches can be directly measured using a straightforward setup.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK057

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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WEPOMS005

Simulations of the Micro-Bunching Instability for SOLEIL and KARA Using Two Different VFP Solver Codes

synchrotron, bunching, simulation, storage-ring

2237

M. Brosi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
S. Bielawski, C. Evain, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj
PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France

Funding: M.B. acknowledges the funding by the Helmholtz Association in the frame of the Helmholtz doctoral prize. The project has been supported by the ANR-DFG ULTRASYNC project. PhLAM acknowledges support from the CPER Photonics for Society, and the CEMPI LABEX.
The longitudinal dynamics of a bunched electron beam is an important aspect in the study of existing and the development of new electron storage rings. The dynamics depend on different beam parameters as well as on the interaction of the beam with its surroundings. A well established method for calculating the resulting dynamics is to numerically solve the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation. Depending on the chosen parameters and the considered wakefields and impedances, different effects can be studied. One common application is the investigation of the longitudinal micro-wave and micro-bunching instabilities. The latter occurs for short electron bunches due to self-interaction with their own emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). In this contribution, two different VFP solvers are used to simulate the longitudinal dynamics with a focus on the micro-bunching instability at the Soleil synchrotron and the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS005

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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WEPOMS006

Simulation of the Effect of Corrugated Structures on the Longitudinal Beam Dynamics at KARA

impedance, resonance, bunching, simulation

2241

S. Maier, M. Brosi, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, P. Schreiber, M. Schwarz
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: Supported by the DFG project 431704792 in the ANR-DFG collaboration project ULTRASYNC. S. M. acknowledge the support by the Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology" (KSETA).
Two parallel corrugated plates will be installed at the KIT storage ring KARA (KArlsruhe Research Accelerator). This impedance manipulation structure will be used to study and eventually control the beam dynamics and the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). In this contribution, we present the results obtained with the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck solver Inovesa showing the impedance impact of different corrugated structures on the bunch and its emitted CSR power.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS006

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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WEPOMS013

Neural Network Solver for Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Wakefield Calculations in Accelerator-Based Charged Particle Beams

simulation, wakefield, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation

2261

A.L. Edelen, C. Emma, C.E. Mayes, R.J. Roussel
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Particle accelerators support a wide array of scientific, industrial, and medical applications. To meet the needs of these applications, accelerator physicists rely heavily on detailed simulations of the complicated particle beam dynamics through the accelerator. One of the most computationally expensive and difficult-to-model effects is the impact of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR). CSR is one of the major drivers of growth in the beam emittance, which is a key metric of beam quality that is critical in many applications. The CSR wakefield is very computationally intensive to compute with traditional electromagnetic solvers, and this is a major limitation in accurately simulating accelerators. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for the CSR wakefield computation using a neural network solver structured in a way that is readily generalizable to new setups. We validate its performance by adding it to a standard beam tracking test problem and show a ten-fold speedup along with high accuracy.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS013

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Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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WEPOMS023

Optimization Studies of Simulated THz Radiation at FLUTE

electron, linac, simulation, synchrotron

2292

C. Xu, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller, A. Santamaria Garcia, J. Schäfer, M. Schwarz
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: Supported by the Helmholtz Association (Autonomous Accelerator, ZT-I-PF-5-6) and the DFG-funded Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology".
The linac-based test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac Und Test Experiment) at KIT will be used to study novel accelerator technology and provide intense THz pulses. In this paper, we present start-to-end simulation studies of FLUTE with different bunch charges. We employ a parallel Bayesian optimization algorithm for different bunch charges of FLUTE to find optimized accelerator settings for the generation of intense THz radiation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS023

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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WEPOMS028

Electron Beam Shaping Techniques Using Optical Stochastic Cooling

synchrotron, undulator, controls, electron

2303

A.J. Dick, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
P. Piot
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) has demonstrated its ability to reduce the three-dimensional phase-space emittance of an electron beam by applying a small corrective kick to the beam each turn. By modifying the shape and timing of these kicks we can produce specific longitudinal beam distributions. Two methods are introduced; single-pulse modulation, where the longitudinal profile of the OSC pulse is amplified by some function, as well as multiple-turn modulation, where the overall strength or phase is varied depending on the synchrotron oscillation phase. The shaping techniques are demonstrated using a model of OSC developed in the ELEGANT particle-tracking code program.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS028

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Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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WEPOMS029

Modeling of the Optical Stochastic Cooling at the IOTA Storage Ring Using ELEGANT

kicker, experiment, coupling, undulator

2307

A.J. Dick, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
J.D. Jarvis
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
P. Piot
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

In support of the Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment at IOTA, we implemented a high-fidelity model of OSC in ELEGANT. The element is generalizable to any OSC experiment and captures three main behaviors; (i) the longitudinal time of flight OSC, (ii) the effects between the transverse motion of particles in the beam and the transverse distribution of undulator radiation, and (iii) the incoherent contributions of neighboring particles. Together these produce a highly accurate model of OSC and were benchmarked using the results from the IOTA OSC experiment.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS029

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Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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WEPOMS030

A Path-Length Stability Experiment for Optical Stochastic Cooling at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

lattice, experiment, storage-ring, dipole

2311

S.J. Levenson, M.B. Andorf, I.V. Bazarov, V. Khachatryan, J.M. Maxson, D.L. Rubin, S. Wang
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams and NYSTAR award C150153.
To achieve sufficient particle delay with respect to the optical path in order to enable high gain amplification, the design of the Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) places the pickup (PU) and kicker (KU) undulators approximately 80 m apart. The arrival times at the KU of particles and the light they produce in the PU must be synchronized to an accuracy of less than an optical wavelength, which for this experiment is 780 nm. To test this synchronization, a planned demonstration of the stability of the bypass in CESR is presented where, in lieu of undulators, an interference pattern formed with radiation from two dipoles flanking the bypass is used. In addition to demonstrating stability, the fringe visibility of the pattern is related to the cooling ranges, a critical parameter needed for OSC. We present progress on this stabilization experiment including the design of a second-order isochronous bypass, as well as optimizations of the Dynamic Aperture (DA) and injection efficiency.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS030

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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WEPOMS031

Light Path Construction for an Optical Stochastic Cooling Stability Test at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

experiment, synchrotron, optics, feedback

2315

S.J. Levenson, M.B. Andorf, I.V. Bazarov, D.C. Burke, J.M. Maxson, D.L. Rubin, S. Wang
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams and NYSTAR award C150153.
An experiment at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) to test the optical path-length stability of a bypass suitable for Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) is being pursued. The approximately 80 m light path for this experiment has been assembled, and synchrotron light has been successfully propagated from both sources. A feedback system based on an Electro-Optic Modulator (EOM) to correct the path-error accumulated in both the light and particle path has been table-top tested. We present on the design and construction of the light optics for the OSC stability experiment at CESR.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS031

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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WEPOMS039

Analysis of Xcos Simulation Model for Intensity at Third and Fifth Harmonics Undulator Radiation

undulator, electron, simulation, FEL

2338

H. Jeevakhan
NITTTR, Bhopal, India
K. Kushwaha, M. Syed
RGPV, Bhopal, India
G. Mishra
Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India

Xcos simulation model is analysed for the intensity of planar undulator radiation at the third and fifth harmonics. The Xcos model is designed by using the numerical approach. The results obtained from the simulation model are compared with the analytical method. The model can also be utilized for observing the effect of energy spread on radiation by numerical approach. An algorithm for analysing the effect of energy spread is also presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS039

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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WEPOMS053

Using Taylor Maps with Synchrotron Radiation Effects Included

ion-effects, simulation, synchrotron, factory

2376

D. Sagan, G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
P. Nishikawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: DOE
Routinely, particle tracking in accelerators is done either by tracking element-by-element which is slow, or by using a transfer map that does not take into account radiation effects. However, there is a fairly straight forward way for constructing Taylor maps that do have radiation effects included. This paper shows how, by partial map inversion, non-symplectic effects due to the finite truncation of the Taylor series can be eliminated. This enables tracking simulations to use maps of lower order than what would otherwise be necessary leading to a speedup of the simulation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS053

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 21 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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THOXSP2

Brixsino High-Flux Dual X-Ray and THz Radiation Source Based on Energy Recovery Linacs

electron, cavity, laser, linac

2407

I. Drebot, F. Canella, S. Cialdi, M. Giammarchi, D. Giannotti, S. Latorre, C. Meroni, M. Rossetti Conti, A.R. Rossi, M. Ruijter, S. Samsam, L. Serafini, V. Torri
INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
M.P. Abbracchio, S. Altilia, B. Paroli, A. Vanzulli
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
A. Andreone, G.P. Papari
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
A. Bacci, M. Bertucci, A. Bosotti, F. Broggi, D. Giove, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, R. Paparella, L. Rossi, D. Sertore, M. Statera
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
R. Calandrino, A. Delvecchio
HSP, Milan, Italy
S. Capra, D. Cipriani, C. Lenardi, M. Opromolla, E. Suerra, A. Torresin
Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
P. Cardarelli, G. Paternò, A. Taibi
INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
M. Citterio
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano e INFN, Milano, Italy
A. Esposito
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
R. Ferragut, G. Galzerano
POLIMI, Milano, Italy
C. Koral, M.R. Masullo, A. Passarelli
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
Z. Mazaheri, G. Mettivier, P. Russo
UniNa, Napoli, Italy
C. Pagani
Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy
P. Paparo
CNR-ISASI, Pozzuoi, Italy
V. Petrillo, F. Prelz, M. Sorbi
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy
B. Piccirillo, A. Rubano
Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli, Italy
E. Puppin
Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy

We present the conceptual design of a compact light source named BriXSinO. BriXSinO was born as demonstrator of the Marix project, but it is also a dual high flux radiation source Inverse Compton Source (ICS) of X-ray and Free-Electron Laser of THz spectral range radiation conceived for medical applications and general applied research. The accelerator is a push-pull CW-SC Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) based on superconducting cavities technology and allows to sustain MW-class beam power with almost just one hundred kW active power dissipation/consumption. ICS line produces 33 keV monochromatic X-Rays via Compton scattering of the electron beam with a laser system in Fabry-Pérot cavity at a repetition rate of 100 MHz. The THz FEL oscillator is based on an undulator imbedded in optical cavity and generates THz wavelengths from 15 to 50 micron.

Slides THOXSP2 [19.118 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXSP2

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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THOYGD1

Experimental Verification of Several Theoretical Models for ChDR Description

experiment, electron, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic

2420

K. Łasocha
Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
C. Davut
The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
P. Karataev
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, E. Senes
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
C. Pakuza
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
A. Schloegelhofer
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

In recent years the potential of using Cherenkov Diffraction Radiation (ChDR) as a tool for non-invasive beam diagnostics has been thoroughly investigated. Although several theoretical models of ChDR have been developed, differences in their assumptions result in inconsistent predictions. The experimental verification is therefore needed in order to fully understand ranges of validity of available models. In this contribution we present a detailed theoretical study of the radiation yield as a function of the beam-radiator distance. Following identification of beam parameters and frequency range for which differences between the model predictions are most prominent, we compare theoretical estimates with the results of a dedicated experiment.

Slides THOYGD1 [0.838 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOYGD1

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 19 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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THOYSP1

Construction and Measurement of a Tuneable Permanent Magnet Quadrupole for Diamond Light Source

permanent-magnet, quadrupole, simulation, HOM

2424

A.R. Bainbridge, B.J.A. Shepherd
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A.G. Hinton, N. Krumpa
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
I.P.S. Martin, W. Tizzano
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Permanent magnets (PMs) are becoming an attractive proposition as a green and efficient replacement for electromagnets in particle accelerators. The Zero-Power Tuneable Optics (ZEPTO) collaboration between STFC and CERN has demonstrated that traditional limitations of PM technology, such as the ability to change the flux density in the magnet aperture, can be overcome. Moving PM blocks relative to fixed steel structures that define the field, the strength may be changed while suitable field homogeneity is maintained. A new ZEPTO variant has been developed in conjunction with Diamond Light Source (DLS) to demonstrate the technology on a real accelerator. This magnet features a number of crucial design innovations over previous generations of ZEPTO magnets that improve the convenience and versatility of PM systems and demonstrate that they can be deployed in many situations. We present the construction and measurement results of this new magnet and outline the planned data collection whilst installed on DLS. We analyse its performance relative to design and discuss the new features with focus on the real-world implications of PM technology for current and future accelerators.

Slides THOYSP1 [3.675 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOYSP1

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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THPOST009

Simulation Study of a Bunch Compressor for an Accelerator-Based THz Source at the European XFEL

FEL, electron, simulation, undulator

2454

P. Boonpornprasert, G.Z. Georgiev, M. Krasilnikov, X.-K. Li, A. Lueangaramwong
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

The European XFEL has planned to perform pump-probe experiments using its X-ray pulses and THz pulses. A promising concept to provide the THz pulses with a pulse repetition rate identical to that of the X-ray pulses is to generate them using an accelerator-based THz source. The THz source requires a bunch compressor in order to manipulate the longitudinal phase space of the electron bunch to match with various options of THz radiation generation. This paper presents and discusses simulation study of the bunch compressor for the THz source.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST009

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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THPOST010

The Frascati DAΦNE LINAC and the Beam Test Facility (BTF) Setups for Irradiation

linac, electron, operation, diagnostics

2457

C. Di Giulio, F. Cardelli, D. Di Giovenale
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
B. Buonomo, L.G. Foggetta, D. Moriggi
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy

The DAΦNE LINAC could produce bunches of electrons and positrons for the Beam Test Facility. The BTF is used usually for single particle test of detectors but is able to receive up to 10¹⁰ particles per second for irradiation test. The DAΦNE LINAC working point could be deeply changed to obtain low energy beam up to 160 MeV with a primary electron beam with enough pulse charge that fulfills irradiation test requirements. A current monitor was installed in the BTF to provide the particle charge per bunch at the users and a flag with the image acquisition system is in operation too, in order to provide a more precise characterization of the beam delivered for the experiments. In this paper the current status and activities of the BTF facility are described.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST010

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Received ※ 26 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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THPOST013

Development of a Detection System for Quasi-Monochromatic THz Pulse by a Spatially Modulated Electron Beam

electron, laser, timing, cathode

2469

K. Murakoshi, Y. Koshiba, Y. Tadenuma, P. Wang, M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
R. Kuroda
AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
K. Sakaue
The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo, Japan

We have studied the generation of the broadband THz pulse using a compact linear accelerator. The THz pulse is generated by control of an electron beam angle to Cherenkov radiation angle. In addition, we have succeeded in producing a quasi-monochromatic THz pulse by the spatially modulated electron beam by passing through a slit. This work aims to develop a detection system to elucidate the spectrum of the quasi-monochromatic THz pulse. To detect it stably in a noisy radiation environment, the stability of probe laser system for Electro Optic sampling and timing synchronization system are important. In this conference, the generation method of each THz pulses, the results of development of detection system, and future prospect will be reported.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST013

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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THPOST017

Physical Design of a 10 MeV High Scanning Frequency Irradiation Electron Linear Accelerator

electron, gun, simulation, kicker

2476

S. Zhang, Z.D. Zhang
UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Y.L. Chi, M. Iqbal, J.R. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z.D. Zhang, Z.S. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A compact 10 MeV irradiation S-band electron linear accelerator has been proposed to carry out the electron radiation effect test of materials and devices. The Linac includes a standing wave pre-buncher, a traveling wave bunching accelerating structure. The traveling wave accelerating structure uses a 5MW klystron as RF source and provides electron beam energy 3.5-10MeV and average current 0.01-1mA. The required irradiation scanning frequency is very high, up to 100Hz and irradiation area is large (200mm×200mm). To meet the requirements, a novel beam scanning system, including one kicker for horizontal scanning and one magnet for vertical scanning, have been proposed. This paper presents the physical design of the 10MeV electron Linac and beam dynamics simulation results.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST017

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022

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THPOPT020

Status and Plans for the New CLS Electron Source Lab

gun, electron, operation, linac

2614

M.J. Boland, D. Bertwistle, F. Le Pimpec
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
X.F.D. Stragier
TUE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

The Canadian Light Source (CLS) has recently created a new Electron Source Lab (ESL) that can run independently from user operations. A section of the old Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory experimental nuclear physics tunnels has been rebuilt with new shielding and a separate entrance. The laboratory will be used to prepare an operational spare electron gun for the 250 MeV linac. In addition, there are plans to develop RF guns for a future branch line to inject into the linac and for possible short pulse production. This paper will give an overview of the ESL space and the first electron guns which plan to be installed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT020

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Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 29 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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THPOPT030

Design Study of 30 MeV Linac for a Compact THz Radiation Source

linac, electron, ion-source, impedance

2643

S. Jummunt, S. Chunjarean, N. Juntong, S. Klinkhieo
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
K. Manasatitpong
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand

Funding: This work is supported by Science, Research, and Innovation Fund (SRI Fund)
A compact THz radiation source plays a possibility to achieve intense THz radiation at tunable frequencies between 0.5 and 5.0 THz, with a peak power of several MW and narrow-bandwidth. This source requires essentially the reliable high gradient s-band linear accelerator (linac) to provide an electron beam energy up to 30 MeV with high bunch charge. In order to obtain a high gradient linac mentioned, the cavity structure has been optimized and performed using the software CST. The preliminary design of linac and beam dynamics study are presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT030

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Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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THPOPT061

European XFEL Undulators - Status and Plans

undulator, FEL, photon, electron

2737

S. Casalbuoni, S. Abeghyan, J.E. Baader, U. Englisch, V. Grattoni, S. Karabekyan, B. Marchetti, H. Sinn, F. Wolff-Fabris, M. Yakopov, P. Ziolkowski
EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany

European XFEL has three undulator lines based on permanent magnet technology: two for hard and one for soft X-rays. The planar undulators can be tuned to cover the acceptance in terms of photon beam energy of the respective photon beamlines: 3.6-25 keV (SASE1/2) and 0.25-3 keV (SASE3) by changing the electron energy range between 11.5 GeV and 17.5 GeV and/or the undulator gap. In order to obtain different polarization modes, as required by the soft X-ray beamlines, a helical afterburner consisting of four APPLE X undulators designed by PSI has been installed at the downstream end of the present SASE3 undulator system. The European XFEL plans to develop the technology of superconducting undulators, which is of strategic importance for the facility upgrade. In order to extend the energy range above 30 keV a superconducting undulator afterburner is foreseen to be installed at the end of SASE2. This contribution presents the current status and the planned upgrades of the undulator lines at European XFEL.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT061

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOPT063

Design of Scilab Xcos Simulation Model for Pulsed Wire Method Data Analyses

undulator, electron, experiment, simulation

2741

H. Jeevakhan
NITTTR, Bhopal, India
S.M. Khan, G. Mishra
Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India

Pulsed wire method (PWM)is used for undulator characterisation. Scilab Xcos simulation model is designed for the analyses of data obtained by PWM. The data obtained from PWM is given as input to the model and its output gives the magnetic field of the undulator. Scilab Xcos model can also be utilized for determining the phase error of the undulator.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT063

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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THPOPT065

Operation of X-Ray Beam Position Monitors with Zero Bias Voltage at Alba Front Ends

photon, electron, operation, background

2747

J. Marcos, U. Iriso, V. Massana, R. Monge, D. Yépez
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

Blade-type X-ray Beam Position Monitors (XBPMs) are customarily operated with a negative bias voltage applied to the blades in order to prevent the transference of photoelectrons between the blades, and hence to maximize the signal at each blade and to avoid cross-talk. This was the selected approach at ALBA since the start of its operation for users in 2012. However, over the years the insulation provided by the ceramic pieces separating the blades from the support structure has degraded progressively, giving rise to an ever-increasing leakage current not related with the photon beam to be monitored. On 2020 the level of these leak currents had already become comparable to the photocurrents generated by the photon beam itself, making the readings from many of the XBPMs unreliable. Following the example from other facilities, we decided to remove the bias voltage from the blades and to test the performance of the XBPMs under these conditions, with such good results that we apply this method also for the new, non degraded, XBPMs. In this paper we present the approach used at ALBA to analyse XBPM data, and our experience operating them with zero bias voltage.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT065

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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THPOPT067

Propagation of Gaussian Wigner Function Through a Matrix-Aperture Beamline

synchrotron, emittance, synchrotron-radiation, ECR

2755

B. Nash, D.T. Abell, P. Moeller, I.V. Pogorelov
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
N.B. Goldring
STATE33 Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0020593.
We develop a simplified beam propagation model for x-ray beamlines that includes partial coherence as well as the impact of apertures on the beam. In particular, we consider a general asymmetric Gaussian Schell model, which also corresponds to a Gaussian Wigner function. The radiation is thus represented by a 4x4 symmetric second moment matrix. We approximate rectangular apertures by Gaussian apertures, taking care that the loss in flux is the same for the two models. The beam will thus stay Gaussian through both linear transport and passage through the apertures, allowing a self-consistent picture. We derive expressions for decrease in flux and changes in second moments upon passage through the aperture. We also derive expressions for the coherence lengths and analyze how these propagate through linear transport and Gaussian apertures. We apply our formalism to cases of low emittance light source beamlines and develop a better understanding about trade-offs between coherence length increase and flux reduction while passing through physical apertures. Our formulae are implemented in RadiaSoft’s Sirepo Shadow application allowing easy use for realistic beamline models.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT067

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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THPOPT068

Linear Canonical Transform Library for Fast Coherent X-Ray Wavefront Propagation

optics, synchrotron, operation, synchrotron-radiation

2759

B. Nash, D.T. Abell, P. Moeller, I.V. Pogorelov
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
N.B. Goldring
STATE33 Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0020593.
X-ray beamlines are essential components of all synchrotron light sources, transporting radiation from the stored electron beam passing from the source to the sample. The linear optics of the beamline can be captured via an ABCD matrix computed using a ray tracing code. Once the transport matrix is available, one may then include diffraction effects and arbitrary wavefront structure by using that same information in a Linear Canonical Transform (LCT) applied to the initial wavefront. We describe our implementation of a Python-based LCT library for 2D synchrotron radiation wavefronts. We have thus far implemented the separable case and are in the process of implementing algorithms for the non-separable case. Rectangular apertures are also included. We have tested our work against corresponding wavefront computations using The Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW) code. LCT vs. SRW timing and benchmark comparisons are given for undulator and bending magnet beamlines. This algorithm is being included in the Sirepo implementation of the Shadow ray tracing code. Finally, we describe our plans for application to partially coherent radiation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT068

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Received ※ 15 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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THPOTK011

Permanent Magnets for the CEBAF 24GeV Upgrade

permanent-magnet, linac, lattice, synchrotron

2792

S.J. Brooks
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
An upgrade of the CEBAF facility to double its present energy of 12GeV has been proposed. To provide double the number of linac passes using the existing five stacked arc beamlines, some beamlines are replaced by fixed-field accelerator (FFA) arcs, allowing multiple energies to pass through the same magnets. A solution is presented in which two of the existing electromagnetic beamlines are replaced with permanent magnet non-scaling FFA arcs, as demonstrated at CBETA. The two-stage design reduces peak magnetic field and synchrotron radiation loss compared to using a single stage. FFAs do not pulse their magnets, making permanent magnets a promising and power-efficient technology option. However, the magnetic field requirements are still at the high end of accelerator permanent magnets produced thus far (1.6T peak on beam), while the magnets must also be combined-function, having a gradient with a dipole offset. Designs using a novel oval aperture and open midplane within an adapted Halbach magnet are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK011

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOTK029

Role of Surface Chemistry in Conditioning of Materials in Particle Accelerators

electron, ECR, site, multipactoring

2829

G. Sattonnay, S. Bilgen, S. Della Negra, D. Longuevergne, B. Mercier, I. Ribaud
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

For the vacuum scientists and the accelerator community, finding solutions to mitigate pressure rises induced by electron, photon and ion desorption and beam instabilities induced by ion and electron clouds is a major issue. Along the time, changes in the surface chemistry of vacuum chambers are observed during beam operations in particle accelerators, leading to modifications of: outgassing rates, stimulated desorption processes and a decrease of secondary emission yields (SEY). To understand the role of the surface chemistry of air exposed materials in the electron conditioning process, typical air exposed materials used in particle accelerators : thin film coatings (NEG and TiN), copper (and its oxides Cu2O and CuO) and Niobium were conditioned by low energy electron irradiation for a better understanding of Ecloud effect. First, SEY was measured to understand the changes of surface conditioning upon particle irradiation; then, surface chemistry evolution after electron irradiation was investigated by both XPS and TOF-SIMS analyses using the ANDROMEDE facility at IJCLab. Finally, the relationship between the surface chemistry and the conditioning phenomenon will be discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK029

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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THPOTK035

Thermo-Mechanical Modeling and Thermal Performance Analysis of Beam Vacuum Line Interconnections and Cold Warm Transitions in HL-LHC Long Straight Section Magnets

cryogenics, luminosity, vacuum, insertion

2839

J. Harray, C. Garion, V. Petit
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The HL-LHC upgrade, aiming at increasing the LHC levelled luminosity by factor of five, relies on new superconducting magnets requiring a new beam vacuum system. Along with the challenges related to magnet design, the beam optic configuration exposes this new equipment to stringent conditions for vacuum and cryogenic performance. Both cold-warm transitions and magnet interconnections appear to be delicate components that are crucial for the thermal heat transfer between diverse subsystems. The proposed study aims at assessing the heat loads to the cryogenic system and the temperature fields in the vacuum system. A nonlinear static thermal analysis is first performed. A thermo-mechanical approach is developed to capture additional thermal resistance arising from contact between components and their behaviour during cool-down. The system is then studied under dynamic operations when beams are circulating and colliding. A thorough analysis of beam-induced heat loads under ultimate conditions highlights the different relevant contributions. Finally, the transient response of the systems is computed to assess thermal time constants.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK035

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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THPOTK037

Measurement of the Photon Stimulated Desorption for Various Vacuum Tubes at a Beam Line of TLS

photon, experiment, vacuum, synchrotron

2847

G.Y. Hsiung, C.M. Cheng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

For most light sources, the synchrotron radiation (SR) hit on the beam ducts or absorbers results in higher pressure rise and the consequent higher radiation level through the commissioning stage. Various surface treatments, e.g. chemical cleaning, oil-free machining, NEG-coating, etc., for the beam ducts or absorbers have been developed worldwide for mitigating the yield of Photon Stimulated Desorption (PSD). A beam line, BL19B, of 1.5 GeV Taiwan Light Source (TLS) has been modified to measure the PSD-yield of the vacuum tubes. The white light of BL19B covers the critical length at 2.14 keV is suitable for generating higher yield of the photo-electrons (PEY) and the consequent PSD-yield to be measured can be resolved wide range of 10^-2 ~ 10^-7 molecules/photon. The PSD-outgas, measured by RGA, contains the typical H₂, CO, CO₂, hydrocarbons, and Kr from NEG-coating, alcohol from ethanol machined surface, in some cases. The effect of beam-cleaning reflects the PSD-molecules generated from the SR-irradiated surface. The comparison of the PSD for the various vacuum tubes will be described in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK037

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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THPOTK038

Electron Stimulated Desorption From Titanium Tube

electron, vacuum, photon, experiment

2850

O.B. Malyshev, R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Titanium is one of material that used for production of accelerator vacuum chamber and components. In this paper we report the results of vacuum properties evaluation measurements of titanium vacuum chamber. The sample was produced from 40-mm inner diameter tube made of titanium and equipped with CF40 flanges at both ends. The electron stimulated desorption (ESD) was measured after 24-h bakeout to 80, 150, 180 and 250 oC. H₂ and CO initial sticking probabilities were measured after bakeout before the ESD measurements. After ESD measurements, the initial H₂ and CO sticking probabilities were measured again together with CO sorption capacity. These measurements provide the results for ESD as a function of electron dose baked to different temperatures and demonstrate the efficiency of electron stimulated activation of titanium vacuum chamber.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK038

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Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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THPOTK042

Non-Linear Phenomena Studies in High-Gradient RF Technology for Hadrontherapy at IFIC

cavity, electron, accelerating-gradient, hadrontherapy

2865

P.M.R. Martinez-Reviriego, C. Blanch Gutiérrez, D. Esperante Pereira, J. Fuster, N. Fuster-Martínez, B. Gimeno, D. Gonzalez-Iglesias, P. Martín-Luna
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

High-Gradient accelerating cavities are one of the main research lines in the development of compact linear colliders. However, the operation of such cavities is currently limited by non-linear effects that are intensified at high electric fields, such as dark currents and radiation emission or RF breakdowns. A new normal-conducting High Gradient S-band Backward Travelling Wave accelerating cavity for medical application (v=0.38c) designed and constructed at CERN is being tested at IFIC. In this paper, we present experimental measurements and simulation of such non-linear effects. The main goal of these studies is to establish the viability of using these techniques in linear accelerators, in order to improve our understanding in such effects. The main goal of these studies is to determine the viability of using this techniques in linear accelerators for hadrontherapy treatments in hospitals.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK042

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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THPOTK052

Muon Collider Graphite Target Studies and Demonstrator Layout Possibilities at CERN

target, collider, proton, shielding

2895

F.J. Saura Esteban, M. Calviani, D. Calzolari, R. Franqueira Ximenes, A.M. Krainer, A. Lechner, R. Losito, D. Schulte
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Muon colliders offer enormous potential for research of the particle physics frontier. Leptons can be accelerated without suffering large synchrotron radiation losses. The International Muon Collider Collaboration is considering 3 and 10 TeV (CM) machines for a conceptual stage. In the core of the Muon Collider facility lays a MW class production target, which will absorb a high power (1 and 3 MW) proton beam to produce muons via pion decay. The target must withstand high dynamic thermal loads induced by 2 ns pulses at 5-50 Hz. Also, operational reliability must be guaranteed to reduce target exchanges to a minimum. Several technologies for these systems are being studied in different laboratories. We present in this paper the results of a preliminary feasibility study of a graphite-based target, and the different layouts under study for a demonstrator target complex at CERN. Synergies with advanced nuclear systems are being explored for the development of a liquid metal target.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK052

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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THPOMS002

Gantry Beamline and Rotator Commissioning at the Medaustron Ion Therapy Center

MMI, proton, optics, quadrupole

2933

M.T.F. Pivi, L. Adler, G. Guidoboni, G. Kowarik, C. Kurfürst, C. Maderböck, D.A. Prokopovich, I. Strašík
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
G. Kowarik
GKMT Consulting, Consulting and Project Management, Vienna, Austria
M. Pavlovič
STU, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
M.G. Pullia
CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
V. Rizzoglio
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The MedAustron Particle Therapy Accelerator located in Austria, delivers proton beams in the energy range 60-250 MeV/n and carbon ions 120-400 MeV/n for medical treatment in two irradiation rooms, clinically used for tumor therapy. Proton beams up to 800 MeV/n are also provided to a room dedicated to scientific research. Over the last two years, in parallel to clinical operations, we have completed the installation and commissioning of the gantry beam line in a dedicated room, ready for the first patient treatment in early 2022. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the MedAustron gantry beam commissioning including the world-wide first ’rotator’ system, a rotating beamline located upstream of the gantry and used to match the slowly extracted non-symmetric beams into the coordinate system of the gantry. Using the rotator, all beam parameters at the location of the patient become independent of the gantry rotation angle. Furthermore, both the gantry and the high energy transfer line optics had to be redesigned and adapted to the rotator-mode of operation. A review of the beam commissioning including technical solutions, main results and reference measurements is presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS002

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOMS003

Upgrade of a Proton Therapy Eye Treatment Nozzle Using a Cylindrical Beam Stopping Device for Enhanced Dose Rate Performances

scattering, proton, simulation, ECR

2937

E. Gnacadja, C. Hernalsteens, N. Pauly, E. Ramoisiaux, R. Tesse, M. Vanwelde
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
C. Hernalsteens
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Proton therapy is a well established treatment method for ocular cancerous diseases. General-purpose multi-room systems which comprise eye-treatment beamlines must be thoroughly optimized to achieve the performances of fully dedicated systems in terms of depth-dose distal fall-off, lateral penumbra, and dose rate. For eye-treatment beamlines, the dose rate is one of the most critical clinical performances, as it directly defines the delivery time of a given treatment session. This delivery time must be kept as low as possible to reduce uncertainties due to undesired patient movement. We propose an alternative design of the Ion Beam Applications (IBA) Proteus Plus (P+) eye treatment beamline, which combines a beam-stopping device with the already existing scattering features of the beamline. The design is modelled with Beam Delivery SIMulation (BDSIM), a Geant4-based particle tracking and beam-matter interactions Monte-Carlo code, to demonstrate that it increases the maximum achievable dose rate by up to a factor §I{3} compared to the baseline configuration. An in-depth study of the system is performed and the resulting dosimetric properties are discussed in detail.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS003

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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THPOMS006

A Carbon Minibeam Irradiation Facility Concept

proton, linac, quadrupole, target

2947

M. Mayerhofer, G. Dollinger, M.A. Sammer
Universität der Bundeswehr Muenchen, Neubiberg, Germany
V. Bencini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In minibeam therapy, the sparing of deep-seated normal tissue is limited by transverse beam spread caused by small-angle scattering. Contrary to proton minibeams, helium or carbon minibeams experience less deflection, which potentially reduces side effects. To verify this potential, an irradiation facility for preclinical and clinical studies is needed. This manuscript presents a concept for a carbon minibeam irradiation facility based on a LINAC design for conventional carbon therapy. A quadrupole triplet focuses the LINAC beam to submillimeter minibeams. A scanning and a dosimetry unit are provided to move the minibeam over the target and monitor the applied dose. The beamline was optimized by TRAVEL simulations. The interaction between beam and these components and the resulting beam parameters at the focal plane is evaluated by TOPAS simulations. A transverse beamwidth of < 100 µm (σ) and a peak-to-valley (energy) dose ratio of > 1000 results for carbon energies of 100 MeV/u and 430 MeV/u (about 3 cm and 30 cm range in water) whereby the average beam current is about 30 nA. Therefore, the presented irradiation facility exceeds the requirements for hadron minibeam therapy.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS006

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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THPOMS007

Beam Diagnostics for FLASH RT in the Varian ProBeam System

controls, proton, operation, target

2951

M. Schedler, S. Busold
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
M. Bräuer
Siemens Med, Erlangen, Germany

FLASH RT is a novel ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy technique with the potential of sparing radiation induced damages to healthy tissue while keeping tumor control unchanged. Recent studies indicate that this so-called FLASH effect occurs when applying high doses of several Grays in a fraction of a second only, and thus significantly faster than with conventionally available radiation therapy systems today. Varian’s ProBeam system has been enabled to deliver ultra-high beam currents for FLASH treatments at 250 MeV beam energy. The first clinical trial is currently conducted at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and all involved human patients have been successfully irradiated at FLASH dose rates, operating the system at cw cyclotron beam currents of up to 400 nA. With these modifications, treatment times could be reduced down to less than a second. First automated switching between conventional and FLASH operation modes has been demonstrated in non-clinical environment, including switching of the dose monitor system characteristics and all involved beam diagnostics. Furthermore, for an improved online beam current control system with full control over dose rate in addition to dose Varian has demonstrated first promising results that may improve future applications.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS007

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOMS008

Physics Design of Electron Flash Radiation Therapy Bemaline at PITZ

electron, quadrupole, simulation, booster

2954

X.-K. Li, Z. Aboulbanine, Z. Amirkhanyan, M. Groß, M. Krasilnikov, A. Lueangaramwong, R. Niemczyk, A. Oppelt, S. Philipp, H.J. Qian, F. Stephan
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
G. Loisch, F. Obier, M. Schmitz
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) is preparing an R&D platform for electron FLASH radiotherapy, very high energy electron (VHEE) radiotherapy and radiation biology based on its unique beam parameters: ps scale bunches with up to 5 nC bunch charge at MHz bunch repetition rate in bunch trains of up to 1 ms in length repeating at 10 Hz. This platform is called FLASHlab@PITZ. The PITZ beam is routinely accelerated to 22 MeV, with a possible upgrade to 250 MeV for VHEE radiotherapy in the future. The 22 MeV beam will be used for dosimetry experiments and studying biological effects in thin samples in the next years. A new beamline to extract and match the beam to the experimental station is under physics design. The main features include: an achromatic dogleg to extract the beam from the PITZ beamline; a sweeper to scan the beam across the sample within 1 ms for tumor painting studies; and an imaging system to keep the beam size small at the sample after scattering in the exit window while maintaining the scan range of the sweeper. In this paper, the beam dynamics with bunch charges from 10 pC to 5 nC in and the preparation of the new beamline will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS008

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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THPOMS010

Heating and Beam Impact of High Intensity Exit Windows for FLASHlab@PITZ

electron, scattering, Windows, simulation

2958

Z. Amirkhanyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
Z. Aboulbanine, M. Groß, M. Krasilnikov, T. Kuhl, X.-K. Li, R. Niemczyk, A. Oppelt, S. Philipp, H.J. Qian, F. Stephan
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
M. Schmitz
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The high-brightness electron beam at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) is being prepared for use in dosimetry experiments and for the study of biological effects in thin samples. This is part of the preparations for FLASHlab@PITZ which is going to be an R&D platform for FLASH and VHEE radiation therapy and radiation biology. These studies require precise information on the electron beam parameters downstream of the exit window, such as the scattering angle and the energy spectrum of the particles as well as the thermal load on the exit window. A Titanium window is compared with a DESY Graphite window design. Heat deposition in the window by a single 22MeV / 1nC electron bunch of various size, its scattering and energy spectrum due to passage through the window are calculated by means of the Monte Carlo program FLUKA. Time resolved temperature profiles, as generated by the passage of 1ms long electron pulse trains with up to 4500 single pulses, each of them between 0.1 and 60ps long, are calculated with a self-written FEM code.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS010

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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THPOMS013

Electron Gun System Design for FLASH Radiotherapy

electron, gun, cathode, power-supply

2970

H.-S. Lee, J.H. Jang, K.Y. Jang, J.C. Koo, H.S. Shin, D.H. Yu
VITZRONEXTECH, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
D.H. An, S.H. Choi, K.U. Kang, G.B. Kim, J.H. Kim
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Y.G. Son
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea

An electron gun is a device that emits electron beams used in an electron accelerator, an electron beam welder, an x-ray generator, etc. This device can be broadly divided into three components: a cathode, a grid, and an anode. A medical electron gun, which is a sub-system of an electron accelerator for FLASH radiotherapy, requires a high current. The electron gun was designed to obtain a peak current up to 15A using EIMAC Y824 cathode. We would like to introduce the structure of the electron gun and the required power supply system. In this paper, we will describe the optimization process of the electron gun structure design, the Marx-type power supply providing 200 kV pulse voltage, and the grid pulse power supply ranging from 1ns to 1.5 ’s.
Electron gun design, Accelerator, Radiotherapy, High Current

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS013

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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THPOMS018

Study of Coil Configuration and Local Optics Effects for the GaToroid Ion Gantry Design

focusing, hadrontherapy, optics, hadron

2984

E. Oponowicz, L. Bottura, Y. Dutheil, A. Gerbershagen, A. Haziot
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: Project co-funded by the CERN Budget for Knowledge Transfer to Medical Applications.
GaToroid, a novel configuration for hadron therapy gantry, is based on superconducting coils that gen- erate a toroidal magnetic field to deliver the beam onto the patient. Designing the complex GaToroid coils requires careful consideration of the local beam optical effects. We present a Python-based tool for charged particle transport in complex electromagnetic fields. The code implements fast tracking in arbitrary three-dimensional field maps, and it is not limited to specific or regular reference trajectories, as is generally the case in accelerator physics. The tool was used to characterise the beam behaviour inside the GaToroid system. It automatically determines the reference trajectories in the symmetry plane and analyses three-dimensional beam dynamics around these trajectories. Beam optical parameters in the field region were compared for various magnetic configurations of GaToroid. This paper introduces the new tracker and shows the benchmarking results. Furthermore, first- order beam optics studies for different arrangements demonstrate the main code features and serve for the design optimisation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS018

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOMS026

Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Beam in Phantom Water for Radiotherapy Application

electron, simulation, photon, linac

3011

P. Apiwattanakul, C. Phueng-ngern, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
P. Lithanatudom
IST, Chiang Mai, Thailand
P. Nimmanpipug, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment that can control the growth of cancer cells. There is a hypothesis suggests that secondary electrons with an energy of a few eV produced from RT play an important role on cancer’s DNA strand break. In this study, the Monte Carlo simulation of electron beam irradiation in phantom water is performed to investigate the production of low-energy electrons. Electron beams produced from an radio-frequency linear accelerator (RF linac) are used in this study. The accelerator can generate the electron beam with adjustable energy of up to 4 MeV and adjustable repetition rate of up to 200 Hz. With these properties, the electron dose can be varied. We used ASTRA software to simulate the electron beam dynamics in the accelerator and GEANT4 toolkit for studying interactions of electrons in water. The energy of electrons decreases from MeV scale to keV-eV scale as they travel in the water. From simulations, the dose distribution and depth in phantom water were obtained for the electron dose of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, and 50 Gy. Further study on effect of low-energy electron beam with these dose values on cancer DNAs will be performed with GEANT4-DNA simulation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS026

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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THPOMS029

Testing the Properties of Beam-Dose Monitors for VHEE-FLASH Radiation Therapy

detector, electron, experiment, real-time

3018

J.J. Bateman, P. Burrows, L.A. Dyks
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
R. Corsini, M. Dosanjh, W. Farabolini, A. Gerbershagen, N. Heracleous, P. Korysko, S. Morales Vigo, V. Rieker, B. Salvachúa, M. Silari, G. Zorloni
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
F. Murtas
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy

Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) of 50 - 250 MeV are an attractive choice for FLASH radiation therapy (RT). Before VHEE-FLASH RT can be considered for clinical use, a reliable dosimetric and beam monitoring system needs to be developed, able to measure the dose delivered to the patient in real-time and cut off the beam in the event of a machine fault to prevent overdosing the patient. Ionisation chambers are the standard monitors in conventional RT; however, their response saturates at the high dose rates required for FLASH. Therefore, a new dosimetry method is needed that can provide reliable measurements of the delivered dose in these conditions. Experiments using 200 MeV electrons were done at the CLEAR facility at CERN to investigate the properties of detectors such as diamond beam loss detectors, GEM foil detectors, and Timepix3 ASIC chips. From the tests, the GEM foil proved to be the most promising.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS029

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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THPOMS030

Updates, Status and Experiments of CLEAR, the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research

electron, experiment, plasma, focusing

3022

P. Korysko
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.J. Bateman, C.S. Robertson
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
R. Corsini, M. Dosanjh, L.A. Dyks, A. Gilardi, V. Rieker
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
W. Farabolini
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

The CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) at CERN is a test facility using a 200 MeV electron beam. In 2020 and 2021, a few hardware upgrades were done: comparators for position measurements were added on components, the in-air experimental area was re-arranged in order to provide more space, a robotic system was built to enable remote samples manipulations for irradiation studies, the BPM reading system was optimized and the laser double-bunch system implemented to allow for a doubling of the electron bunch frequency from 1.5 GHz to 3 GHz. In the paper, we describe such improvements, we outline the experimental activities during 2021 and illustrate the diverse program for the next 4 years, including high doses’ irradiation studies for medical applications.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS030

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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THPOMS031

VHEE High Dose Rate Dosimetry Studies in CLEAR

GUI, real-time, electron, status

3026

V. Rieker, R. Corsini, L.A. Dyks
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
J.J. Bateman
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
W. Farabolini
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
P. Korysko
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom

The 200 MeV electron beam of the CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) user facility at CERN has been intensively used to study the potential use of Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) in cancer radiotherapy. In particular, irradiation tests have been performed in the high dose rate regime, which has gained a lot of interest for the so called FLASH biological effect, in which cancer cells are damaged while healthy tissue is largely spared. High dose rate dosimetry, though, poses a number of challenges: to validate standard or new methods of passive dosimetry, like radiochromic films and alanine pellets, and especially to develop new methods for real-time dosimetry since the normally used ionization chambers suffer from non-linear effects at high dose rates. In this paper we describe the results of experimental activities at CLEAR aimed at developing solid, high-dose rate dosimetry standards adapted to VHEE beams.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS031

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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THPOMS037

Ripple Pattern Formation on Silicon Carbide Surfaces by Low-Energy Ion-Beam Erosion

experiment, HOM, cathode, ion-source

3045

D. Gupta, S. Aggarwal
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
R. Singhal
Malviya Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
G.R. Umapathy
IUAC, New Delhi, India

A versatile air insulated high current medium energy 200 kV Ion Accelerator has been running successfully at Ion Beam Centre, Kurukshetra University, India for carrying out multifarious experiments in material science and surface physics. Ion beam induced structures on the surfaces of semiconductors have potential applications in photonics, magnetic devices, photovoltaics, and surface-wetting tailoring etc. In this regard, silicon carbide (SiC) is a fascinating wide-band gap semiconductor for high-temperature, high-power and high-frequency applications. In the present work, fabrication of self-organized ripple patterns is carried out on the SiC surfaces using 80 keV Ar+ ions for different fluences at oblique incidence of 500. Studies demonstrate that ripple wavelength and amplitude, ordering and homogeneity of these patterns vary linearly with argon ion fluence. The ripples tend to align themselves parallel to the projection of the ion beam direction. The evolution of such surface structures is explained with the help of existing formalisms of coupling between surface topography and preferential sputtering.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS037

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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THPOMS039

Investigation on Intermolecular Interactions in Ionic Liquids Using Accelerator-based THz Transition Radiation

experiment, electron, FEM, ion-source

3053

P. Nanthanasit, S. Rimjaem
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
N. Chattrapiban, P. Nimmanpipug, S. Rimjaem
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
M. Jitvisate
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Ionic liquids (ILs) are interesting material that can be used in many applications. Spectroscopic measurement using accelerator-based terahertz transition radiation (THz TR) is one of potential techniques to investigate their intermolecular interactions by observing the vibra-tional bands in the terahertz region due to TR’s excep-tional properties: coherent, broadband, and high intensi-ty. This work aims to study intermolecular interactions of ILs using the THz TR produced from an electron beam at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory. The THz TR with the frequency range of 0.3-2.5 THz can be produced from electron beam of energy 10-25 MeV. This radiation is produced and transported to the experimental area, where it is used as the coherent and polarization selective light source for the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The absorption spectrum in the THz region of the ILs is then measured. In addition, to explain the experimental results deeply, theoretical calculations using the density functional theory are performed. In this contribution, we present the results from experiment and computational calculation that can be used together to describe the intermolecular interactions in ILs.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS039

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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THPOMS040

Present Status of Linear Accelerator System for Natural Rubber Vulcanization at Chiang Mai University

electron, experiment, linac, shielding

3057

C. Thongbai, P. Jaikaew, E. Kongmon, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, P. Wongkummoon
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
N. Khangrang
Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand
M.W. Rhodes, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

At the Plasma and Beam Physics (PBP) Research Fa-cility, Chiang Mai University (CMU), an electron beam accelerator system for natural rubber irradiation has been under development and is currently under the commissioning. The research project is carried out with the aim to modify an old medical linac, retired from the clinical operation, for rubber latex vulcanization and materials irradiation using electron beams. The accelerator system consists of a DC-thermionic cathode electron gun, a standing-wave RF linear accelerator, an RF system, a control system, beam diagnostic systems, and an irradia-tion system. The components were completely assembled, and the RF system was tested. The RF processing has been performed and some of the electron beam properties have been measured. This contribution presents some experimental results while developing and testing the various sub-systems of this accelerator. The present status of development and some vulcanization results will also be reported in this contribution.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS040

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOMS041

Design and Parameterization of Electron Beam Irradiation System for Natural Rubber Vulcanization

experiment, simulation, electron, linac

3061

P. Wongkummoon
Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand
N. Kangrang, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
M.W. Rhodes
IST, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Electron beam irradiation is a process to modify or improve the properties of materials with less chemical residue. In natural rubber vulcanization, a proper electron absorbed dose is about 50-150 kGy. In this study, the experimental station is designed to investigate the deposition of the electron beam in natural rubber. Electron beams generated from an RF linac are used in this study. This accelerator can generate the beam with energies in the range of 1-4 MeV and an adjustable repetition rate of up to 200 Hz. We can optimize these parameters to maximize the throughput and uniformity of electron dose in the vulcanization. The simulation results from GEANT4 were used to narrow down the appropriate parameters in the experiment. In the early stage of the study, water was used as a sample instead of natural rubber. The dose distribution was obtained by placing a B3 film dosimeter under a water chamber. The water depth was varied from 0.5 to 2.0 cm. The simulation results provide the dose distribution to compare with the experimental results. In a further study, the beam irradiation in natural rubber with these optimal parameters and vulcanization tests will be performed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS041

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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THPOMS042

Development of a Cyclotron Based External Beam Irradiation System for Elemental Analysis

proton, target, cyclotron, simulation

3064

P. Thongjerm, A. Ngamlamiad, W. Pornroongruengchok, K. Tangpong, S. Wonglee
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand

We present the studies carried out at the cyclotron facility at Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand). The cyclotron accelerates up to 30 MeV proton with a maximum beam current of 200 µA. Proton beam is transported to three target halls, including the R&D vault. Particularly, the R&D beamline consists of a five-port switching magnet allowing further extension for multidisciplinary research and experiments. The first station of the research vault is dedicated to non-destructive and multi-elemental analysis using proton-induced x-ray (PIXE) and proton-induced gamma (PIGE) techniques. For this purpose, the beam is extracted through an exit foil to the air. The beam size is then shaped by a set of collimators before reaching a sample. However, the range of the protons in air and the attenuation of x-rays may deteriorate. Therefore, the external irradiation system, including exit foil, collimator and detector arrangement, is evaluated in Geant4 to optimise the proton beam quality and improve detection efficiency. A detailed description of the simulation and results are discussed in this work.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS042

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Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOMS047

Design of Radiation Shielding for the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory

shielding, electron, photon, neutron

3073

P. Jaikaew, N. Khangrang
Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand
M. Jitvisate
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
S. Rimjaem
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
S. Rimjaem
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

The local radiation shielding is designed for the electron linear accelerator beam dump at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory (PCELL) with the aim to control the annual ambient dose equivalent during the operation. The study of radiation generation and design of radiation shielding is conducted based on the Monte Carlo simulation toolkit GEANT4. The study results include an annual ambient dose equivalent map and design of local shielding for the first bam dump downstream the linac section. With this design, the leaking radiation outside the accelerator hall is completely blocked and the average annual ambient dose equivalent on the rooftop of the hall is within the IAEA safety limit for the supervised area. The shielding model will then be used as a guideline for the construction in the near future.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS047

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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THPOMS053

Proton Beam Irradiation System for Space Part Test

proton, simulation, target, vacuum

3093

H.-J. Kwon, J.J. Dang, W.-H. Jung, H.S. Kim, K.Y. Kim, K.R. Kim, S. Lee, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Nuclear Research and Development Program (2021M2D1A1045615) through the National Research Foundation of Korea.
A proton beam irradiation system for space part test has been developed at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) based on 100 MeV proton linac. It consists of a thermal vacuum chamber, a beam diagnostic system and a control system in the low flux beam target room. The thermal vacuum chamber accommodates the capacity for proton beam irradiation in addition to temperature control in vacuum condition. The beam diagnostic system is newly installed to measure the lower dose rate than existing one. In this paper, the proton beam irradiation system for space part test including a thermal vacuum chamber, newly installed beam diagnostic system is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS053

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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THPOMS054

Beam Lines and Stations for Applied Research Based on Ion Beams Extracted from Nuclotron

detector, target, experiment, diagnostics

3096

G.A. Filatov, A. Agapov, A.A. Baldin, A.V. Butenko, A.R. Galimov, S.Yu. Kolesnikov, K.N. Shipulin, A. Slivin, E. Syresin, G.N. Timoshenko, A. Tuzikov, A.S. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
S. Antoine, W. Beeckman, X.G. Duveau, J. Guerra-Phillips, P.J. Jehanno
SIGMAPHI S.A., Vannes, France
D.V. Bobrovskiy, A.I. Chumakov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
P.N. Chernykh, S. Osipov, E. Serenkov
Ostec Enterprise Ltd, Moscow, Russia
D.G. Firsov, A.S. Kubankin, Yu.S. Kubankin
LLC "Vacuum systems and technologies", Belgorod, Russia
I.L. Glebov, V.A. Luzanov
GIRO-PROM, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
T. Kulevoy
NRC, Moscow, Russia
Y.E. Titarenko
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

New beamlines and irradiation stations of the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) are currently under construction at JINR. These facilities for applied research will provide testing on capsulated microchips (ion energy range of 150-500 MeV/n) at the Irradiation Setup for Components of Radioelectronic Apparatus (ISCRA) and space radiobiological research (ion energy range 400-1100 MeV/n) at the Setup for Investigation of Medical Biological Objects (SIMBO). In this note, the technical details of SIMBO and ISCRA stations and their beamlines are described and discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS054

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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THPOMS055

Commissioning of the SOCHI Applied Station Beam and Beam Transfer Line at the NICA Accelerator Complex

vacuum, controls, detector, booster

3099

A. Slivin, A. Agapov, A.A. Baldin, A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, G.A. Filatov, A.R. Galimov, K.N. Shipulin, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov, V.I. Tyulkin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D.V. Bobrovskiy, A.I. Chumakov, S. Soloviev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
I.L. Glebov, V.A. Luzanov
GIRO-PROM, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A.S. Kubankin
LPI, Moscow, Russia
A.S. Kubankin
BelSU, Belgorod, Russia
T. Kulevoy, Y.E. Titarenko
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A.M. Tikhomirov
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The SOCHI (Station of CHip Irradiation) station was constructed at the NICA accelerator complex for single event effect testing of decapsulated microchips with low-energy ion beams (3.2 MeV/n). The peculiarity of microchip radiation tests in SOCHI is connected with the pulse beam operation of the heavy ion linear accelerator (HILAc) and a restriction on the pulse dose on the target. The SOCHI station construction, the equipment and the results of the first beam runs are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS055

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Received ※ 26 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOMS056

An Overview of the Applications of MIR and THz Spectroscopy in Astrochemistry Studies

experiment, detector, electron, FEL

3102

C. Suwannajak, U. Keyen, A. Leckngam, N. Tanakul
NARIT, Chiang Mai, Thailand
W. Jaikla, S. Pakluea, P. Wongkummoon
Chiang Mai University, PBP Research Facility, Chiang Mai, Thailand
M. Jitvisate
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
P. Nimmanpipug, S. Rimjaem
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
S. Pakluea, S. Rimjaem, P. Wongkummoon
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
T. Phimsen
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Interstellar complex molecules can be found in molecular clouds which are spread throughout our galaxy. Some of these molecules are thought to be the precursors of bio-molecules. Therefore, understanding the formation processes of those interstellar complex molecules is crucial to understanding the origin of the building blocks of life. There are currently more than a hundred known complex molecules discovered in interstellar clouds. However, the formation processes of those molecules are not yet well understood since they occur in very extreme conditions and very short time scale. Ultrafast spectroscopy can be applied to study those processes that occur in the time scale of femtoseconds or picoseconds. In this work, we present an overview of the applications of MIR and THz pump-probe experiments in astrochemistry studies. An experimental setup to simulate space conditions that mimic the environments where the interstellar complex molecules are formed is currently being developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory. Then, we present our development plan of the experimental station and its current status.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS056

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOMS060

Development of Analytical Light Source for Construction of Femtosecond Pulse Radiolysis System Using Er Fiber Laser

laser, FEM, injection, pulse-stretcher

3109

Y. Kaneko, Y. Koshiba, K. Sakaue, M. Sato, M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
K. Sakaue
The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo, Japan

We are trying to elucidate the initial process of radiation chemical reactions, which is considered to be an unknown area. One of the methods to elucidate this initial process is pulse radiolysis. In pulse radiolysis, a substance is irradiated with ionizing radiation and at the same time irradiated with analytical light, and the absorption spectrum of the light can be traced back in time to the active species. However, the radiation chemical reaction starts in a very short time, and the pulse radiolysis system needs to have the same time resolution. Therefore, the analytical light should be ultra-short pulses. In addition, the absorption wavelength of the substance is not always known. Hence, the wavelength range of the analytical light should be broad. Since the absorption wavelengths of important active species are in the visible light region, it is desirable to cover the visible light region as well. We believe that supercontinuum light generated from the second harmonic of the Er fiber laser is the best analytical light to meet these requirements. In this presentation, we describe the current status of the development of the supercontinuum light generation and future prospects.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS060

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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FROXSP1

20-Year Collaboration on Synchrotron RF Between CERN and J-PARC

cavity, synchrotron, proton, operation

3130

C. Ohmori
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
M. Brucoli, M. Brugger, H. Damerau, S. Danzeca, M.M. Paoluzzi, C. Rossi
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
K. Hasegawa, Y. Morita, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Okita, M.J. Shirakata, F. Tamura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

KEK/J-PARC and CERN started the collaboration on the RF systems of Low Energy Ion Ring to use magnetic alloy loaded cavities in 2002 for heavy ion collision program at LHC. It was an exchange of our expertise on the wideband cavities and high-power solid-state amplifiers. This paper summarizes the 20-year collaboration which includes many synchrotrons of both facilities: J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron and Main Ring, CERN Proton Synchrotron, PS Booster, Antiproton Decelerator, Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring and MedAustron. By the improvements of cavity core using the magnetic annealing, field gradient of cavity and compactness were improved to fit the requirements for LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU)program. Radiation-hard and compact high-power solid-state amplifiers were also developed for LIU and future accelerator improvements.

Slides FROXSP1 [8.210 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-FROXSP1

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 19 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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FRPLYGD1

Towards Efficient Particle Accelerators - A Review

collider, cavity, cryogenics, luminosity

3141

M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Sustainability has become an important aspect of all human activities, and also for accelerator driven research infrastructures. For new facilities it is mandatory to optimize power consumption and overall sustainability. This presentation will give an overview of the power efficiency of accelerator concepts and relevant technologies. Conceptual aspects will be discussed for proton driver accelerators, light sources and particle colliders. Several accelerator technologies are particularly relevant for power efficiency. These are utilized across the various facility concepts and include superconducting RF and cryogenic systems, RF sources, energy efficient magnets, conventional cooling and heat recovery. Power efficiency has been a topic in the European programs EUCARD-2, ARIES and the ongoing I.FAST project and the documentation of these programs is a related source of information.

Slides FRPLYGD1 [4.531 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-FRPLYGD1

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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FRPLYGD2

Access to Effective Cancer Care in Low- Middle Income Countries Requires Sophisticated Linear Accelerator Based Radiotherapy

linac, gun, survey, electron

3147

M. Dosanjh
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

There are substantial and growing gaps in cancer care for millions of people in Low- Middle- Income countries (LMICs) and for geographically remote settings in High-income countries (HICs), often indigenous populations. Assessing the cancer care shortfall led to understanding the essential gap, that of a radiation therapy machine that can reliably and effectively provide the appropriate first-rate cancer treatments within the challenging environments. More than 10,000 electron linear accelerators (linacs) are currently used worldwide to treat patients. However only 10% of patients in low-income and 40% in middle-income countries who need radiotherapy have access to it. The idea to address the need for a novel medical linac for challenging environments has led to the creation of the STELLA project (Smart Technology to Extend Lives with Linear Accelerators) project. STELLA is multidisciplinary international collaborative effort to design and develop an affordable and robust yet technically sophisticated linear accelerator-based radiation therapy treatment (RTT) in LMICs. Here we describe Project STELLA.

Slides FRPLYGD2 [6.047 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-FRPLYGD2

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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