IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (brightness)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOST058	Studies on the Vertical Half-Integer Resonance in the CERN PS Booster	resonance, space-charge, injection, quadrupole	222
	T. Prebibaj, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Following the upgrades of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project (LIU), the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) at CERN successfully delivers beams with double brightness. An important contributing factor for this was the dynamic correction of the beta-beating induced by the injection chicane, which allowed stable operation closer to the half-integer resonance. Ideally, injection above the half-integer resonance could further improve the beam brightness. In this context, a series of studies were initiated in order to characterize the effects of space charge when crossing the half-integer resonance. In this contribution, the first results of these investigations are reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST058
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPT023	Improved Emittance and Brightness for the MAX IV 3 GeV Storage Ring	lattice, emittance, injection, storage-ring	288
	M. Apollonio, Å. Andersson, M. Brosi, R. Lindvall, D.K. Olsson, M. Sjöström, R. Svärd, P.F. Tavares MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	At MAX IV Laboratory, the Swedish Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facility, the largest of two rings operates at 3 GeV with a bare lattice emittance of 330 pm rad. Upgrade plans are under consideration aiming at a gradual reduction of the emittance, in three stages: a short-term with an emittance reduction of 20% to 40%, a mid-term with an emittance reduction of more than 50% and a long-term with an emittance in the range of the diffraction limit for hard X-rays (10 keV). In this paper we focus on the short-term case, resuming previous work on a proposed lattice that can reach 270 pm rad emittance, with only minor modifications to the gradients of the magnets of the present ring, i.e. without any hardware changes and all within the present power supply limits. Linear lattice characterisation and calculations of key performance parameters, such as dynamic aperture and momentum aperture with errors, are described and compared to the present operating lattice. Experimental tests of injection into this lattice are also shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT023
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOTK027	Characterization of Various GaN Samples for Photoinjectors	cathode, electron, polarization, ECR	500
	M.B. Andorf, I.V. Bazarov, S.J. Levenson, J.M. Maxson Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA J. Encomendero, D. Jena, V.V. Protasenko, H.G. Xing Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: DOE-HEP DESC0021002 DOE-NP DE-SC0021425 Photoemission properties (quantum efficiency, spectral response, and lifetime) of various GaN based photocathodes are summarized, including p-doped samples in its hexagonal phase, cubic GaN and a more exotic 2-D hole gas sample. The 2-D hole contains no dopant impurity but achieves high conductivity via polarization fields produced at the heterojunction of GaN and AlN. For efficient electron production, cesium is used to achieve Negative Electron Affinity.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK027
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOMS021	The New C Band Gun for the Next Generation RF Photo-Injectors	gun, cathode, operation, quadrupole	679
	D. Alesini, M. Ferrario, A. Giribono, A. Gizzi, L. Piersanti, A. Vannozzi INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy F. Cardelli, G. Di Raddo, L. Faillace, S. Lauciani, A. Liedl, L. Pellegrino, C. Vaccarezza LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy G. Castorina AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland M. Croia ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy L. Ficcadenti INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy G. Pedrocchi SBAI, Roma, Italy
	Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA No 101004730 and INFN Commission V. RF photo-injectors are widely used in modern facilities, especially in FEL, as very low-emittance and high-brightness electron sources. Presently, the RF technology mostly used for RF guns is the S band (3 GHz) with typical cathode peak fields of 80-120 MV/m and repetition rates lower than 120 Hz. There are solid reasons to believe that the frequency step-up from S band to C band (6 GHz) can provide a strong improvement of the beam quality due to the potential higher achievable cathode field (>160 MV/m) and higher repetition rate (that can reach the kHz level). In the contest of the European I.FAST project, a new C band gun has been designed and will be realized and tested. It is a 2.5 cell standing wave cavity with a four port mode launcher, designed to operate with short RF pulses (<300 ns) and cathode peak field larger than 160 MV/m. In the paper we present the electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical design and the results of the prototyping activity and rf measurements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS021
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOMS034	Tunability and Alternative Optics for the Diamond-II Storage Ring	lattice, emittance, radiation, brilliance	1495
	H. Ghasem, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	When defining the magnet specifications, a key consideration is that the hardware should be flexible enough to allow some contingency for future tuning requirements or for alternative lattice solutions to be implemented. To define the required tunability of the magnets, we have investigated two lattice solutions for the Diamond-II storage ring upgrade, one with reduced beta functions at the straight sections for improved matching to the photon beam and one with an ultra-low emittance of 87 pm with IDs. In this paper, the linear and nonlinear beam dynamic issues as well as the photon beam brightness for these two options will be presented and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS034
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEIYGD1	Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors	MMI, injection, proton, kicker	1610
	V. Kain, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, F. Antoniou, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, B. Balhan, M.J. Barnes, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, A. Boccardi, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, D.G. Cotte, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, M. Jaussi, I. Karpov, T. Koevener, D. Küchler, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Nisbet, F.-X. Nuiry, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, E. Renner, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, F. Tecker, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Zannini CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output.
	Slides WEIYGD1 [5.905 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYGD1
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOST046	CrYogenic Brightness-Optimized Radiofrequency Gun (CYBORG)	cryogenics, cathode, cavity, gun	2544
	G.E. Lawler, A. Fukasawa, N. Majernik, J.R. Parsons, J.B. Rosenzweig, Y. Sakai, A. Suraj UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Center for Bright Beams, National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1549132 and DOE Contract DE-SC0020409 Producing higher brightness beams at the cathode is one of the main focuses for future electron beam applications. For photocathodes operating close to their emission threshold, the cathode lattice temperature begins to dominate the minimum achievable intrinsic emittance. At UCLA, we are designing a radiofrequency (RF) test bed for measuring the temperature dependence of the mean transverse energy (MTE) and quantum efficiency for a number of candidate cathode materials. We intend to quantify the attainable brightness improvements at the cathode from cryogenic operation and establish a proof-of-principle cryogenic RF gun for future studies of a 1.6-cell cryogenic photoinjector for the UCLA ultra compact XFEL concept (UC-XFEL). The test bed will use a C-band 0.5-cell RF gun designed to operate down to 45 K, producing an on-axis accelerating field of 120 MV/m. The cryogenic system uses conduction cooling and a load-lock system is being designed for transport and storage of air-sensitive high brightness cathodes.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST046
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPT019	Multi-Alkali Antimonide Photocathode Development for High Brightness Beams	cathode, SRF, gun, electron	2610
	S. Mistry, T. Kamps, J. Kühn, C. Wang HZB, Berlin, Germany T. Kamps HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany C. Wang University Siegen, Siegen, Germany
	Funding: This work is funded by the DFG CO 1509/10-1 \| MI 2917/1-1 Photocathode R&D at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is driven by the motivation to produce high brightness electron beams for the SRF photoinjector test facility, Sealab/ bERLinPro. Multi-alkali antimonides are the choice photocathode material due to high quantum efficiency (QE) and low intrinsic emittance in the visible range. In this work a more robust alternative to the tried and tested Cs-K-Sb is considered. Na-K-Sb offers similar advantages to Cs-K-Sb including, high QE at green wavelengths but moreover, it offers excellent stability at elevated temperatures. This property could lengthen the cathode lifetime by enhancing the robustness of the photocathode inside the SRF gun. In this work, a status report showcasing first results towards the development of a growth procedure for Na-K-Sb is presented by means of spectral response and XPS measurements conducted in the HZB photocathode lab.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT019
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPOST058

Studies on the Vertical Half-Integer Resonance in the CERN PS Booster

resonance, space-charge, injection, quadrupole

222

T. Prebibaj, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Following the upgrades of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project (LIU), the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) at CERN successfully delivers beams with double brightness. An important contributing factor for this was the dynamic correction of the beta-beating induced by the injection chicane, which allowed stable operation closer to the half-integer resonance. Ideally, injection above the half-integer resonance could further improve the beam brightness. In this context, a series of studies were initiated in order to characterize the effects of space charge when crossing the half-integer resonance. In this contribution, the first results of these investigations are reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST058

About •

Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPT023

Improved Emittance and Brightness for the MAX IV 3 GeV Storage Ring

lattice, emittance, injection, storage-ring

288

M. Apollonio, Å. Andersson, M. Brosi, R. Lindvall, D.K. Olsson, M. Sjöström, R. Svärd, P.F. Tavares
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

At MAX IV Laboratory, the Swedish Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facility, the largest of two rings operates at 3 GeV with a bare lattice emittance of 330 pm rad. Upgrade plans are under consideration aiming at a gradual reduction of the emittance, in three stages: a short-term with an emittance reduction of 20% to 40%, a mid-term with an emittance reduction of more than 50% and a long-term with an emittance in the range of the diffraction limit for hard X-rays (10 keV). In this paper we focus on the short-term case, resuming previous work on a proposed lattice that can reach 270 pm rad emittance, with only minor modifications to the gradients of the magnets of the present ring, i.e. without any hardware changes and all within the present power supply limits. Linear lattice characterisation and calculations of key performance parameters, such as dynamic aperture and momentum aperture with errors, are described and compared to the present operating lattice. Experimental tests of injection into this lattice are also shown.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT023

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOTK027

Characterization of Various GaN Samples for Photoinjectors

cathode, electron, polarization, ECR

500

M.B. Andorf, I.V. Bazarov, S.J. Levenson, J.M. Maxson
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
J. Encomendero, D. Jena, V.V. Protasenko, H.G. Xing
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: DOE-HEP DESC0021002 DOE-NP DE-SC0021425
Photoemission properties (quantum efficiency, spectral response, and lifetime) of various GaN based photocathodes are summarized, including p-doped samples in its hexagonal phase, cubic GaN and a more exotic 2-D hole gas sample. The 2-D hole contains no dopant impurity but achieves high conductivity via polarization fields produced at the heterojunction of GaN and AlN. For efficient electron production, cesium is used to achieve Negative Electron Affinity.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK027

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOMS021

The New C Band Gun for the Next Generation RF Photo-Injectors

gun, cathode, operation, quadrupole

679

D. Alesini, M. Ferrario, A. Giribono, A. Gizzi, L. Piersanti, A. Vannozzi
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
F. Cardelli, G. Di Raddo, L. Faillace, S. Lauciani, A. Liedl, L. Pellegrino, C. Vaccarezza
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
G. Castorina
AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Croia
ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy
L. Ficcadenti
INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
G. Pedrocchi
SBAI, Roma, Italy

Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA No 101004730 and INFN Commission V.
RF photo-injectors are widely used in modern facilities, especially in FEL, as very low-emittance and high-brightness electron sources. Presently, the RF technology mostly used for RF guns is the S band (3 GHz) with typical cathode peak fields of 80-120 MV/m and repetition rates lower than 120 Hz. There are solid reasons to believe that the frequency step-up from S band to C band (6 GHz) can provide a strong improvement of the beam quality due to the potential higher achievable cathode field (>160 MV/m) and higher repetition rate (that can reach the kHz level). In the contest of the European I.FAST project, a new C band gun has been designed and will be realized and tested. It is a 2.5 cell standing wave cavity with a four port mode launcher, designed to operate with short RF pulses (<300 ns) and cathode peak field larger than 160 MV/m. In the paper we present the electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical design and the results of the prototyping activity and rf measurements.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS021

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOMS034

Tunability and Alternative Optics for the Diamond-II Storage Ring

lattice, emittance, radiation, brilliance

1495

H. Ghasem, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

When defining the magnet specifications, a key consideration is that the hardware should be flexible enough to allow some contingency for future tuning requirements or for alternative lattice solutions to be implemented. To define the required tunability of the magnets, we have investigated two lattice solutions for the Diamond-II storage ring upgrade, one with reduced beta functions at the straight sections for improved matching to the photon beam and one with an ultra-low emittance of 87 pm with IDs. In this paper, the linear and nonlinear beam dynamic issues as well as the photon beam brightness for these two options will be presented and discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS034

About •

Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEIYGD1

Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors

MMI, injection, proton, kicker

1610

V. Kain, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, F. Antoniou, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, B. Balhan, M.J. Barnes, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, A. Boccardi, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, D.G. Cotte, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, M. Jaussi, I. Karpov, T. Koevener, D. Küchler, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Nisbet, F.-X. Nuiry, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, E. Renner, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, F. Tecker, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Zannini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output.

Slides WEIYGD1 [5.905 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYGD1

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOST046

CrYogenic Brightness-Optimized Radiofrequency Gun (CYBORG)

cryogenics, cathode, cavity, gun

2544

G.E. Lawler, A. Fukasawa, N. Majernik, J.R. Parsons, J.B. Rosenzweig, Y. Sakai, A. Suraj
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Center for Bright Beams, National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1549132 and DOE Contract DE-SC0020409
Producing higher brightness beams at the cathode is one of the main focuses for future electron beam applications. For photocathodes operating close to their emission threshold, the cathode lattice temperature begins to dominate the minimum achievable intrinsic emittance. At UCLA, we are designing a radiofrequency (RF) test bed for measuring the temperature dependence of the mean transverse energy (MTE) and quantum efficiency for a number of candidate cathode materials. We intend to quantify the attainable brightness improvements at the cathode from cryogenic operation and establish a proof-of-principle cryogenic RF gun for future studies of a 1.6-cell cryogenic photoinjector for the UCLA ultra compact XFEL concept (UC-XFEL). The test bed will use a C-band 0.5-cell RF gun designed to operate down to 45 K, producing an on-axis accelerating field of 120 MV/m. The cryogenic system uses conduction cooling and a load-lock system is being designed for transport and storage of air-sensitive high brightness cathodes.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST046

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPT019

Multi-Alkali Antimonide Photocathode Development for High Brightness Beams

cathode, SRF, gun, electron

2610

S. Mistry, T. Kamps, J. Kühn, C. Wang
HZB, Berlin, Germany
T. Kamps
HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
C. Wang
University Siegen, Siegen, Germany

Funding: This work is funded by the DFG CO 1509/10-1 | MI 2917/1-1
Photocathode R&D at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is driven by the motivation to produce high brightness electron beams for the SRF photoinjector test facility, Sealab/ bERLinPro. Multi-alkali antimonides are the choice photocathode material due to high quantum efficiency (QE) and low intrinsic emittance in the visible range. In this work a more robust alternative to the tried and tested Cs-K-Sb is considered. Na-K-Sb offers similar advantages to Cs-K-Sb including, high QE at green wavelengths but moreover, it offers excellent stability at elevated temperatures. This property could lengthen the cathode lifetime by enhancing the robustness of the photocathode inside the SRF gun. In this work, a status report showcasing first results towards the development of a growth procedure for Na-K-Sb is presented by means of spectral response and XPS measurements conducted in the HZB photocathode lab.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT019

About •

Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)