IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (controls)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOST020	In-Kind Contributions: The PIP-II Project at Fermilab	linac, framework, alignment, proton	98
	L. Lari, L. Merminga, A.M. Rowe Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) Project is the first U.S. accelerator project that has significant contributions from international partners. A project management framework was created to fully integrate and make consistent across all partners the design, development, and delivery of In-Kind Contributions (IKC) into PIP-II. This framework consists of planning documentation, procedures, and communication and assessment processes to control schedule, risk, quality, and technical integration over the lifetime of the project. The purpose of this paper is to present the PIP-II IKC model put in place to properly integrate the IKC deliverables into the PIP-II Linac and share experience and lessons learned from its early implementation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST020
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOST028	Tune Control in Fixed Field Accelerators	lattice, focusing, multipole, closed-orbit	122
	A.F. Steinberg, R.B. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom S.L. Sheehy The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
	Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators have been proposed for a wide range of challenges, including rapid acceleration in a muon collider, and large energy acceptance beam transport for medical applications. A disadvantage of these proposals is the highly nonlinear field profile required to keep the tune energy-independent, known as the scaling condition. It has been shown computationally that approximately constant tunes can be achieved with the addition of nonlinear fields which do not follow this scaling law. However the impacts of these nonlinearities are not well understood. We present a new framework for adding nonlinearities to Fixed Field Accelerators, seeking a constant normalised focusing strength over the full energy range, and verify the results by simulation using Zgoubi. As a model use case, we investigate the degree of tune compensation that can be achieved in a Fixed Field Accelerator for ion cancer therapy.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST028
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOPT002	Improvements on Sirius Beam Stability	operation, network, feedback, experiment	226
	S.R. Marques, M.B. Alves, F.C. Arroyo, M.P. Calcanha, H.F. Canova, B.E. Limeira, L. Liu, R.T. Neuenschwander, A.G.C. Pereira, D.O. Tavares, F.H. de Sá LNLS, Campinas, Brazil G.O. Brunheira, A.C.T. Cardoso, R.B. Cardoso, R. Junqueira Leão, L.R. Leão, P.H.S. Martins, Moreira, S.S. Moreira, R. Oliveira Neto, M.G. Siqueira CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
	Sirius is a Synchrotron Light Source based on a 3 GeV electron storage ring with 518 meters circumference and 250 pm.rad emittance. The facility is built and operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), located in the CNPEM campus, in Campinas. A beam stability task force was recently created to identify and mitigate the orbit disturbances at various time scales. This work presents studies regarding ground motion (land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction), improvements in the temperature control of the storage ring (SR) tunnel air conditioning (AC) system, vibration measurements in accelerator components and the efforts concerning the reduction of the power supplies’ ripple. The fast orbit feedback implementation and other future perspectives will also be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT002
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOPT006	Characterization of the Electron Beam Visualization Stations of the ThomX Accelerator	HOM, target, diagnostics, MMI	240
	A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, J-N. Cayla, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, H. Guler, H. Monard, M. Omeich, S.D. Williams Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France S.D. Williams The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
	Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051. We present an overview of the diagnostics screens stations - named SSTs - of the ThomX compact Compton source. ThomX is a compact light source based on Compton backscattering. It features a linac and a storage ring in which the electrons have an energy of 50 MeV. Each SST is composed of three screens, a YAG:Ce screen and an Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) screen for transverse measurements and a calibration target for magnification and resolution characterisation. The optical system is based on commercial lenses that have been reverse-engineered. An Arduino is used to control both the aperture and the focus remotely, while the magnification must be modified using an external motor. We report on the overall performance of the station as measured during the first steps of beam commissioning and on the optical system remote operations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT006
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOPT009	New Bunch-by-Bunch Filling Pattern Measuring System at ELSA	FPGA, electron, synchrotron, cavity	244
	A.K. Wald, K. Desch, D. Elsner, D. Proft ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	The electron accelerator facility ELSA at the University of Bonn, Germany, can accelerate and store electrons with a final energy from 0.8GeV up to 3.2GeV. To routinely determine the filling pattern in the storage ring, a new measuring system has been developed. For hadron physics experiments the filling pattern, which is influenced by the injection from the pre-accelerating synchrotron, should be as homogeneous as possible. The new measurement system should provide a real-time measurement of the filling pattern, so that the injection can be continuously optimized. Moreover, a position measurement for each individual bunch is provided, from which the two transverse and the longitudinal tunes can be deduced. To measure the bunch-by-bunch intensity and position, the signals of the existing button-type BPMs will be digitized by fast 12-bit ADCs synchronized to the 500MHz ELSA radio frequency. The fast pre-processing and intermediate storage of the data is realized with a 500MHz clocked FPGA and transfers the data to a PC for further processing. First results of measurement system developed in-house will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT009
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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MOPOPT011	Transverse Excitation and Applications for Beam Control	resonance, betatron, extraction, simulation	251
	P.J. Niedermayer, R. Singh GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Transverse excitation of stored particle beams is required for a number of applications in accelerators. Using a time-varying, transverse electric field with a dedicated frequency spectrum, the amplitude and coherence of betatron oscillations can be increased in a controlled manner. This allows for determination of the betatron tune from turn-by-turn position measurements, control of transverse beam shapes, as well as extraction of stored beams. For studies of beam excitation, a custom signal generator is being developed. It is based on software-defined radio (SDR) which allows for configurable signal characteristics and tuneable spectra. This approach enables usage for multiple applications in beam diagnostics and control. To determine appropriate excitation spectra, studies of particle dynamics in presence of excitation are being carried out. Nonlinear fields are also incorporated to account for beam extraction conditions, which affects frequency spectra of beam motion due to detuning effects.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT011
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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MOPOPT016	Update of the Bunch Arrival Time Monitor at ELBE	laser, electron, feedback, pick-up	260
	M. Kuntzsch, A. Maalberg, A. Schwarz, K. Zenker HZDR, Dresden, Germany M.K. Czwalinna, J. Kral DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The bunch arrival time monitor (BAM) at the radiation source ELBE has been upgraded twofold. In order to achieve a higher precision a new frontend has been designed, based on a development by DESY, that uses state of the art 50 GHz electro-optical modulators (EOMs). The frontend allows for thermal control of critical components and monitoring of system parameters. The modulated EOM signals and monitoring data are distributed to a new readout electronic. The new MicroTCA-based receiveris based on a dedicated FMC card developed at DESY that is installed on an FMC25 carrier board. The arrival time is calculated on a FPGA with low latency and can be used for machine diagnostic. The code has been adapted to enable the processing of a data stream of the continuous train of electron bunches, allowing for the implementation of a cw beam based feedback in a next step. The contribution will describe the BAM setup as well as the performance measured at the ELBE accelerator.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT016
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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MOPOPT034	Surrogate-Based Bayesian Inference of Transverse Beam Distribution for Non-Stationary Accelerator Systems	experiment, beam-transport, framework, simulation	324
	H. Fujii, N. Fukunishi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan M. Yamakita Tokyo Tech, Tokyo, Japan
	Constraints on the beam diagnostics available in real-time and time-varying beam source conditions make it difficult to provide users with high-quality beams for long periods without interrupting experiments. Although surrogate model-based inference is useful for inferring the unmeasurable, the system states can be incorrectly inferred due to manufacturing errors and neglected higher-order effects when creating the surrogate model. In this paper, we propose to adaptively assimilate the surrogate model for reconstructing the transverse beam distribution with uncertainty and underspecification using a sequential Monte Carlo from the measurements of quadrant beam loss monitors. The proposed method enables sample-efficient and training-free inference and control of the time-varying transverse beam distribution.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT034
About •	Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOTK032	An N-BPM Momentum Reconstruction for Linear Transverse Coupling Measurements in LHC and HL-LHC	coupling, optics, lattice, resonance	519
	A. Wegscheider, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The measurement and control of linear transverse coupling is important for the operation of an accelerator. The calculation of the linear transverse coupling resonance driving terms (RDTs) ’1001 and ’1010 relies on the complex spectrum of the turn-by-turn motion. To obtain the complex signal, a reconstruction of the particle motion is needed. For this purpose, the signal of a second BPM with a suitable phase shift is usually used. In this work, we explore the possibility of including more BPMs in the reconstruction of the transverse momentum, which could reduce the effects of statistical errors and systematic uncertainties. This, in turn, could improve the precision and accuracy of the RDTs, which could be of great benefit for locations where an exact knowledge of the transverse coupling or other RDTs is important. We present the development of a new method to reconstruct the particle’s momentum that uses a statistical analysis of several nearby BPMs. The improved precision is demonstrated via simulations of LHC and HL-LHC lattices.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK032
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 23 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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MOPOTK050	Linac Optics Optimization with Multi-Objective Optimization	linac, optics, lattice, quadrupole	572
	I. Neththikumara, T. Satogata ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA R.M. Bodenstein, S.A. Bogacz, T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA A. Vandenhoeke ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. The beamline design of recirculating linacs requires special attention to avoid beam instabilities due to RF wakefields. A proposed high-energy, multi-pass energy recovery demonstration at CEBAF uses a low beam current. Stronger focusing at lower energies is necessary to avoid beam breakup(BBU) instabilities, even with this small beam current. The CEBAF linac optics optimization balances over-focusing at higher energies and beta excursions at lower energies. Using proper mathematical expressions, linac optics optimization can be achieved with evolutionary algorithms. Here, we present the optimization process of North Linac optics using multi-objective optimization.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK050
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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MOPOMS040	Radiation Shielding Design for the X-Band Laboratory for Radio-Frequency Test Facility - X-Lab - at the University of Melbourne	radiation, electron, simulation, operation	724
	M. Volpi, R.P. Rassool, S.L. Sheehy, G. Taylor, S.D. Williams The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia D. Banon-Caballero IFIC, Valencia, Spain M. Boronat, N. Catalán Lasheras CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland R.T. Dowd AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia S.L. Sheehy ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia
	Here we report radiation dose estimates calculated for the X-band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (X-LAB) under construction at the University of Melbourne (UoM). The lab will host a CERN X-band test stand containing two 12 GHz 6 MW klystron amplifiers. By power combination through hybrid couplers and the use of pulse compressors, up to 50 MW of peak power can be sent to any of to either of the two test slots at pulse repetition rates up to 400 Hz. The test stand is dedicated to RF conditioning and testing CLIC’s high gradient accelerating structures beyond 100 MV/m. This paper also gives a brief overview of the general principles of radiation protection legislation; explains radiological quantities and units, including some basic facts about radioactivity and the biological effects of radiation; and gives an overview of the classification of radiological areas at X-LAB, radiation fields at high-energy accelerators, and the radiation monitoring system used at X-LAB. The bunker design to achieve a dose rate less than annual dose limit of 1 mSv is also shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS040
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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MOPOMS045	Vacuum Control System Upgrade for ALPI Accelerator	vacuum, PLC, hardware, EPICS	744
	G. Savarese, L. Antoniazzi, D. Bortolato, A. Conte, F. Gelain, D. Marcato, C.R. Roncolato INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The vacuum system of ALPI accelerator includes about 40 pumping groups based on turbomolecular pumps. The instrumentation of the accelerators complex is mainly the one installed in 90s, with consequent maintenance issues. The control and supervision systems were developed in the same period by an external company, which produced custom solutions for the HW and SW parts. Control devices are based on custom PLCs, while the supervision system is based on C and C#. The communication between the field and the supervisor is composed of multiple levels: RS-232 standard is used to transfer control parameter from the field devices up to custom multiplexers; RS-485 transmission is used from the multiplexers to two PC servers covering different sections of the installation; while Ethernet, is used to connect the servers and the operation console. Obsolescence and rigidity of the system, deficit of spare parts and impossibility of reparation or modification without external support, required a complete renovation of the vacuum system and relative controls in the next years. This paper describes the adopted strategy and the implementation status.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS045
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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MOPOMS047	Control and Functional Safety Systems Design for Real-Time Conditioning of RF Structures at TEX	EPICS, interface, vacuum, framework	751
	S. Pioli, R. Gargana, D. Moriggi LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy F. Cardelli, P. Ciuffetti, C. Di Giulio INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
	We report the status of the development of an High Power RF Laboratory in X-Band called TEX (TEst-stand for X-Band). TEX is part of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) initiative that is ongoing at the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) that covers many different areas focused on particle accelerator technologies. TEX is a RF test facility based on solid-state K400 modulator from ScandiNova with a 50MW class X-band (11.994 GHz) klystron tube model VKX8311A operating at 50 Hz. This RF source will operate as resource for test and research programs such as the RF breakdown on RF waveguide components as well as high power testing of accelerating structures for future high gradient linear accelerator such as EuPRAXIA and CLIC. In this context we will present the whole EPICS control system design focusing on archiving, user interfaces and custom development made as part of the functional safety to deliver real-time RF breakdown detection integrated with the timing system of the facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS047
About •	Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUOXGD3	6D Phase Space Diagnostics Based on Adaptively Tuned Physics-Informed Generative Convolutional Neural Networks	feedback, solenoid, network, diagnostics	776
	A. Scheinker LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA F.W. Cropp V UCLA, Los Angeles, USA D. Filippetto LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: US Department of Energy, DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) contract numbers 89233218CNA000001 and DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1549132. A physics-informed generative convolutional neural network (CNN)-based 6D phase space diagnostic is presented which generates all 15 unique 2D projections (x,y), (x,y’),…, (z,E) of a charged particle beam’s 6D phase space (x,y,z,x’,y’,E). The CNN is trained by supervised learning over a wide range of input beam distributions, accelerator parameters, and the associated 6D beam phase spaces at multiple accelerator locations. The CNN is applied in an un-supervised adaptive manner without knowledge of the input beam distribution or accelerator parameters and is robust to their unknown time variation. Adaptive feedback automatically tunes the low-dimensional latent space of the encoder-decoder CNN to predict the 6D phase space based only on 2D (z,E) longitudinal phase space measurements from a device such as a transverse deflecting RF cavity (TCAV). This method has the potential to provide diagnostics beyond the existing state of the art at many accelerator facilities. Studies are presented for two very different accelerators: the 5-meter-long ultra-fast electron diffraction (UED) HiRES compact accelerator at LBNL and the kilometer long plasma wakefield accelerator FACET-II at SLAC. A. Scheinker. "Adaptive machine learning for time-varying systems: low dimensional latent space tuning." Journal of Instrumentation 16.10, 2021: P10008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/10/P10008
	Slides TUOXGD3 [3.112 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXGD3
About •	Received ※ 21 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUIYGD3	FRIB Commissioning and Early Operations	MMI, linac, target, operation	802
	J. Wei, H. Ao, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.-J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T. Glasmacher, J.-W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, P. Knudsen, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, Z. Li, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, J.T. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, H.T. Ren, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, A. Stolz, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, T. Xu, T. Xu, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA B. Arend, T.N. Ginter, E. Kwan, M.K. Smith, M. Steiner, O. Tarasov NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA A. Facco INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy K. Hosoyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M.P. Kelly, Y. Momozaki ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA R.E. Laxdal TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada M. Wiseman JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project has completed technical construction in January 2022, five months ahead of schedule baselined about 10 years ago. Beam commissioning has been planned in seven phases starting from 2017 when the normal-conducting ion source and RFQ were commissioned. In April 2021, FRIB driver linac commissioning was completed with heavy ion beams being accelerated to energies above 200 MeV/u using 324 superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) resonators contained in 46 cryomodules. In preparation for high-power operations, a liquid lithium charge strip-per was used to strip uranium beam from average charge state of 33+ to 78+, and multiple charge states were accelerated simultaneously in the linac. By January 2022, FRIB target and fragment separator commissioning was completed with rare-isotope beams produced and identified. In May 2022, the first FRIB user scientific experiment was successfully conducted. This talk summarizes the FRIB accelerator project commissioning and early operations experience with discussions on strategic planning, operational envelope conformance, technical risk mitigation, and lessons learned.
	Slides TUIYGD3 [23.483 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD3
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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TUPOST001	Parasitic Optimization of the Transfer Beamline Efficiency at ELSA	target, electron, synchrotron, injection	835
	S. Witt, K. Desch, D. Elsner, D. Proft ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	The 3.2 GeV electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn consists of three acceleration stages each interconnected by tunable transfer beamlines. The steering of the electron beam through the transfer line from linear accelerator to the Booster Synchrotron is currently adjusted by hand, which limits a systematic improvement of the transfer efficiency. An automated optimization using the ‘‘simulated annealing’’ technique has been developed and integrated into the control system to improve the situation. It allows for a continuous optimization without interfering with usual beamtime for experiments by utilizing the 6s off-time in between injections into the stretcher ring. In a simulation using the actual accelerator’s settings as starting parameters, transmission rates have been increased significantly. The methods and results with the accelerator hardware are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST001
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOST007	New Generation of Very Low Noise Beam Position Measurement System for the LHC Transverse Feedback	pick-up, feedback, operation, injection	849
	D. Valuch CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland V. Stopjakova Slovak University of Technology (STU), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
	Recent studies showed that the transverse feedback system noise floor in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) must be reduced by at least factor of two in order to operate the machine with large beam-beam tune shift as foreseen in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC. Also, the future feedback system foreseen to suppress the LHC Crab Cavity noise relies on improved noise performance of the beam position measurement system. An upgrade program was launched to lower the LHC transverse feedback system noise floor during the LHC Long Shutdown II. A new generation, very low noise beam position measurement module was developed and tested with beam. Innovative methods in the RF receiver, digital signal processing, thorough optimization of every element in the signal chain from pickup to the kickers allowed to achieve a significant reduction of the system noise floor. This unprecedented noise performance opens also new possibilities for auxiliary instruments, using the position data from the transverse feedback. The paper presents the new system, notable implementation details and measured performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST007
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUPOST008	Digital Low-Level RF System for the CERN Linac3 Accelerator	cavity, linac, LLRF, operation	853
	D. Valuch, R. Alemany-Fernández, Y. Brischetto, S.J. Faeroe, G. Piccinini, M.E. Soderen CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A major consolidation of the aging RF system of the CERN Linac3, the ion source for the whole CERN accelerator chain, started during the Long Shutdown II. The main changes were an upgrade of the analogue Low-Level RF system (LLRF) and replacement of the 350 kW tube amplifiers by a solid-state equivalent. The state-of-the-art digital LLRF system enabled new sophisticated features in field manipulations, significantly increased the operational flexibility and improved operational reliability and availability. The paper presents the new architecture, a low noise master clock generator, digital signal processing with direct sampling of the RF signals, pulse parameter measurement or cavity resonance control.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST008
About •	Received ※ 27 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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TUPOST009	Online Correction of Laser Focal Position Using FPGA-Based ML Models	laser, network, FPGA, electron	857
	J.A. Einstein-Curtis, S.J. Coleman, N.M. Cook, J.P. Edelen RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA S.K. Barber, C.E. Berger, J. van Tilborg LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Numbers DE-SC 00259037 and DE-AC02-05CH11231. High repetition-rate, ultrafast laser systems play a critical role in a host of modern scientific and industrial applications. We present a prototype diagnostic and correction scheme for controlling and determining laser focal position at 10 s of Hz rate by utilizing fast wavefront sensor measurements from multiple positions to train a focal position predictor. This predictor is used to determine corrections for actuators along the beamline to provide the desired correction to the focal position on millisecond timescales. Our initial proof-of-principle demonstrations leverage pre-compiled data and pre-trained networks operating ex-situ from the laser system. We then discuss the application of a high-level synthesis framework for generating a low-level hardware description of ML-based correction algorithms on FPGA hardware coupled directly to the beamline. Lastly, we consider the use of remote computing resources, such as the Sirepo scientific framework* , to actively update these correction schemes and deploy models to a production environment. * M.S. Rakitin et al., "Sirepo: an open-source cloud-based software interface for X-ray source and optics simulations", Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, 1877-1892 (Nov 2018).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST009
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOST012	Sirius Storage Ring RF Plant Identification	LLRF, cavity, storage-ring, low-level-rf	865
	D. Daminelli, F.K.G. Hoshino, A.P.B. Lima LNLS, Campinas, Brazil M. Souza UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
	The design configuration of the Sirius Light Source RF System is based on two superconducting RF cavities and eight 65 kW solid-state amplifiers operating at 500 MHz. The current configuration, based on a 7-cell normal conducting PETRA cavity, was initially planned for commissioning and initial tests of the beamlines. A digital low-level RF (DLLRF) system based on ALBA topology has been operating since 2019. Sirius is currently operating in decay mode for beamline tests with 100 mA stored current. During the commissioning, several studies were carried out to increase the stored current with stable beam. This paper presents a study using parametric data-driven models to identify the Storage Ring RF plant, aiming to optimize the DLLRF PI control parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST012
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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TUPOST013	Concept and Development of 65 kW Solid-State RF Amplifiers for Sirius	cavity, operation, storage-ring, synchrotron	868
	M. Hoffmann Wallner, A.P.B. Lima LNLS, Campinas, Brazil R.H.A. Farias CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
	Sirius is a 4th generation synchrotron light source currently operating with 100 mA stored beam and one room temperature RF cavity driven by two 65 kW solid-state amplifiers (SSAs). After installation of the cryogenic plant, two superconducting (SC) RF cavities are planned to replace the room temperature cavity. Each SC cavity is going to be driven by a 250 kW RF signal at 500 MHz, resulting from the combination of four 65 kW RF SSAs. Due to the recent development of 900 W solid-state power amplifier modules, a new topology is proposed for the four amplifiers that still need to be constructed. For the amplifier’s combining stage, a cavity combiner with 80 input ports was simulated. For the dividing stage, 8-way and 10-way power splitters were designed. The general scheme of the amplifier is presented, as well as simulation and measurement results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST013
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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TUPOST016	Status of LLRF and Resonance Control Dedicated Algorithms Extension for PolFEL	cavity, resonance, operation, FEL	880
	W. Jalmuzna, W. Cichalewski, A. Napieralski, P.S. Sekalski TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
	PolFEL (POLish Free Electron Laser) is the new super-conducting based facility, which is under construction in Poland. It will provide a continuous electron beam with energy up to 160 MeV, which will be converted to light pulses with wavelengths as short as 150 nm. CW (Continuous Wave) operation of the superconducting linear accelerator with narrow bandwidth and high electromagnetic field gradient (presumably above 30 MV/m for single structure) creates new challenges while dealing with RF field stability, the influence of mechanical de-tuning of resonating structures and must take into account all limits induced by power amplifiers and cryo-system. The real-time control algorithm responsible for RF field, motor tuners, and piezo control must strictly interact with each other to provide the satisfactory performance of the whole facility. In addition, constant monitoring of such parameters as detuning, bandwidth, power margins of the amplifier, state of cavities must be done. The paper presents the current status of implementation of PolFEL’s LLRF Controller (extending GDR to other modes of operation as SEL, PLL) and Piezo Controller (both hardware and firmware layers).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST016
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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TUPOST017	PEG Contribution to the LLRF System for Superconducting Elliptical Cavities of ESS Accelerator Linac	LLRF, cavity, hardware, electron	884
	W. Cichalewski, G.W. Jabłoński, K. Klys, D.R. Makowski, A. Mielczarek, A. Napieralski, P. Perek, P. Plewinski TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland A. Abramowicz, K. Czuba, M.G. Grzegrzółka, K. Oliwa, I. Rutkowski, W. Wierba Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland P.R. Bartoszek, K. Chmielewski, K. Kostrzewa, T. Kowalski, D. Rybka, M. Sitek, J. Szewiński, Z. Wojciechowski NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland M. Jensen ESS, Lund, Sweden A.J. Johansson, A.M. Svensson Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	The LLRF (Low-Level Radio Frequency) system optimizes energy transfer from the superconducting resonator to the accelerating beam. At ESS, one LLRF system regulates a single cavity. This digital system’s HW platform is the MTCA.4 standard. The system has been co-designed by ESS, Lund University, and the PEG (Polish Electronic Group) consortium. The PEG is also responsible for the system components design, evaluation, and production (like Local Oscillator Rear transition module, piezo tuner driver RTM, RTM carrier board, and others). The PEG delivers a HW/SW cavity simulator, an LLRF system test-stand, and provides necessary integration and installation services required for complete system preparation for the linac commissioning and operation phase. The paper summarizes the PEG work on the development and preparation of the LLRF systems for the ESS elliptical structures. The efforts concerning hardware and software components prototyping and evaluation are discussed. Moreover, we present the current status of the project, including components mass production, integration, and installation work.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST017
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 19 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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TUPOST018	Long Pulse Operation of the E-XFEL Cryomodule	cavity, operation, LLRF, FEL	888
	W. Cichalewski TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland J.K. Sekutowicz DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The CW operation becomes more attractive mode of beam and RF operation, even for infrastructures initially developed as pulsed experiments. Compared to the short (single ms) pulse the CW or long pulse (LP) operation allows for a more relaxed bunch scheme and enables higher bunch quantities during the experiment run. The Long Pulse operation scenario is one of the possible EXFEL modes of work in the future. LLRF systems that work in CW (and LP) are in operation worldwide. Most of them are dedicated to single cavity control. The XFEL dedicated system is capable of multicavity cryomodules vector-sum operation. In such a configuration switching from short-pulse operation into long-pulse with the existing limitations from the allowed cryo heat load level, average input power per coupler (and others) can be extremely challenging. For this setup the support from the dynamic resonance control system is essential. This paper summarizes efforts towards the successful vector-sum operation of the X-FEL type cryomodule in the LP operation mode. Modifications to the original LLRF setup together with challenges of narrow bandwidth operation in moderate and high gradients are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST018
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOST019	Evaluation of PIP-II Master Oscillator Components	proton, linac, SRF, ISOL	892
	I. Rutkowski, K. Czuba, A. Serlat Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland B.E. Chase, E. Cullerton Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: The paper was prepared by WUT and PIP-II, using the resources of Fermilab, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is a planned proton facility at Fermilab. The short- and long-term beam energy stabilization requirements necessitate using a high-quality Master Oscillator (MO). The consecutive sections of the Linac will operate at 162.5, 325, and 650 MHz. The phase relations between reference signals of harmonic frequencies should be kept constant, and the phase noise should be correlated in a wide bandwidth. The possibility of simultaneously meeting both requirements using popular frequency synthesis schemes is discussed. The ultra-low noise floor of the fundamental source is challenging for other devices in the phase reference distribution system. Therefore, the sensitivity to operating conditions, including impedance matching, input power level, and power supply voltage, must be considered. This paper presents a preliminary performance test of critical components selected for the PIP-II Master Oscillator system performed using a state-of-the-art phase noise analyzer. The paper was prepared by WUT and PIP-II, using the resources of Fermilab, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST019
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOST021	The CERN SPS Low Level RF: The Beam-Control	cavity, LLRF, proton, hardware	895
	A. Spierer, P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, G. Hagmann, P. Kuzmanović, I. Stachon, M. Sumiński, T. Włostowski CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) has been completely upgraded during the CERN long shutdown (LS2, 2019-2020). The old NIM and VME based, mainly analog system has been replaced with modern digital electronics implemented on a MicroTCA platform. The architecture has also been reviewed, with synchronization between RF stations now resting on the White Rabbit (WR) deterministic link. This paper is the first of a series of three on the SPS LLRF upgrade. It covers the Beam-Control part, that is responsible for the generation of the RF reference frequency from a measurement of the magnetic field, and beam phase and radial position. It broadcasts this frequency word to the RF stations, via a White Rabbit network. The paper presents the architecture, gives details on the signal processing, firmware, hardware and software. Finally, results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST021
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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TUPOST022	The CERN SPS Low Level RF: Lead Ions Acceleration	cavity, acceleration, injection, LLRF	899
	P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, G. Hagmann, A. Spierer, T. Włostowski CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	This paper is the third of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF). Its focus is the upgrade concerned with the acceleration of Lead ions for injection into the LHC. Lead ions are far from relativistic at injection into the SPS. Therefore, the classic acceleration scheme at constant harmonic number (h=4620) does not work as the RF frequency swing does not fit within the cavity bandwidth. Fixed Frequency Acceleration (FFA) is therefore used. The upgraded LLRF uses a completely new implementation of the FFA, based on a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) implemented as an FPGA IP in the Controller of each cavity. In addition, the 2022 scheme for LHC ions filling calls for slip stacking of two families of bunches, 100 ns spacing, to generate a 50 ns spacing after interleaving. The paper presents the key components for FFA and ions slip stacking as implemented in the new system, together with successful first tests performed in Autumn 2021.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST022
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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TUPOST023	The CERN SPS Low level RF: The Cavity-Controller	cavity, LLRF, feedback, proton	903
	G. Hagmann, P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, A. Spierer, M. Sumiński, T. Włostowski CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	This paper is the second of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) upgrade. It covers the 200MHz Cavity-Controller part, that is responsible for the regulation of the accelerating field in a single SPS cavity. When the SPS is used as Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proton injector, the issue is the high beam loading that must be compensated to guarantee longitudinal stability and constant parameters over the bunch train. That calls for strong One-Turn Delay Feedback (OTFB) and Feed-Forward (FFWD). The SPS is also accelerating Lead ions (Pb). There the issue is Frequency-Modulation (FM) and Amplitude-Modulation (AM) over the turn (so called Fixed Frequency Acceleration - FFA) plus RF gymnastics for the new ions slip-stacking. The paper reviews the functional requirements, presents the block diagram, then gives details on the signal processing, firmware and hardware. Finally results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST023
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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TUPOST024	A New Beam Loading Compensation and Blowup Control System Using Multi-Harmonic Digital Feedback Loops in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster	cavity, feedback, LLRF, operation	907
	D. Barrientos, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, J.C. Molendijk CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	As part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade, the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) has been upgraded with new wide-band Finemet cavities and a renovated Low-Level Radio Frequency system with digital cavity controllers implemented in FPGAs. Each controller synchronously receives the computed revolution frequency, used to generate 16 harmonic references. These are then used to IQ demodulate the voltage gap and modulate the 16 RF drive signals each controlled through a Cartesian feedback loop (with individual voltage and phase control). The sum of these digital drive signals is then sent to the cavities. In addition, a configurable blow-up system providing a sinusoidal or custom noise pattern can be used to excite the beam. An embedded network analyzer allows studying the stability of the feedback loops of the individual harmonics. The 16 harmonic feedback loops have been successfully operated during 2021, allowing to reduce the beam induced voltage and control the longitudinal emittance of the beam. In this paper we present the system architecture as well as the performance of the complete cavity controller during operation in the PSB.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST024
About •	Received ※ 23 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOST027	Machine Learning-Based Tuning of Control Parameters for LLRF System of Superconducting Cavities	cavity, LLRF, simulation, SRF	915
	J.A. Diaz Cruz, S. Biedron UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA J.A. Diaz Cruz SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA R. Pirayesh UNM-ME, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA S. Sosa ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
	The multiple systems involved in the operation of particle accelerators use diverse control systems to reach the desired operating point for the machine. Each system needs to tune several control parameters to achieve the required performance. Traditional Low-Level RF (LLRF) systems are implemented as proportional-integral feedback loops, whose gains need to be optimized. In this paper, we explore Machine Learning (ML) as a tool to improve a traditional LLRF controller by tuning its gains using a Neural Network (NN). We present the data production scheme and a control parameter optimization using a NN. The NN training is performed using the THETA supercomputer.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST027
About •	Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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TUPOST029	Small Talk on AT	interface, factory, software, lattice	918
	P. Schnizer, J. Bengtsson, W. Sulaiman Khail HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Tracy 3 ’ was implemented by the 3rd author by pursuing a first principles approach, aka Hamiltonian dynamics for an on-line modeel to guide the ALS and LBL comissioning in the early 1990s. with its origin as a Hamiltonian based pascal online model used 90 ’ is the core of today’s accelerator tool box. These Hamiltonians have not been changed. Soft- ware design has evolved since then: C++ and in particular its standardisation C++11 and C++2xa. In this paper we out- line our strategy of modernisation of tracy: reorganisation of the beam dynamics library in cleanly designed modules, using well proven open-source libraries (GSL, armadillo) and so on. Furthermore, Python and Matlab Interfaces based on modern tools are being pursued. We report on the in- terface design, the status of modernisation. This project has been renamed to thor-scsi-lib and is available at Github. Collaboration’s welcome.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST029
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOST031	Online Optimization of the Transfer Line from UNILAC towards SIS18 at GSI Using a Genetic Autotune Algorithm	simulation, experiment, injection, lattice	922
	S. Reimann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany S. Reimann IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Due to the complexity of GSI’s accelerator facilities and it’s upcoming expansion FAIR, various methods for optimizing accelerator settings are currently being studied to increase efficiency and to minimize the need for manual intervention. Besides a necessary improvement of the accelerator models, a better reproducibility of settings and the development of feedback systems, also heuristic methods are in the focus of the investigation. This work presents the results, recently achieved in optimizing the transfer line from UNILAC to SIS18 using the Autotune algorithm.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST031
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUPOST033	A Python Framework for High-level Applications in Accelerator Operations	framework, operation, EPICS, interface	929
	J.T.M Chriń, V. Erçağlar, T. Schietinger PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	A Python graphical framework providing reusable components to facilitate the development of accelerator applications, that meet the basic requirements of experts and operators alike, is presented. Such a collective approach serves to bridge the gap between the expert developer and the operational team, resulting in applications that are inherently cohesive, durable and easily navigable. The operational advantages and underlying principles are exemplified in a reference application that provides executable examples of customary practices, and further highlights several composite and control system-enabled widgets.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST033
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOST035	BOLINA, a Suite for High Level Beam Optimization: First Experimental Results on the Adige Injection Beamline of SPES	diagnostics, software, database, EPICS	933
	V. Martinelli, L. Bellan, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, P. Francescon, A. Galatà, D. Marcato, G. Savarese INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	A high-level software BOLINA (Beam Orbit for LINear Accelerators) has been designed to fully characterise and automatically correct the ion beams trajectory, to help operators during the beam transport with an easily scalable suite for LINACs. Currently, the high-level software, interfaced with an EPICS control system, automatically manages accelerator devices to preserve the beam quality, including beam-based alignment and, if needed, dispersion-free steering software. The suite has been developed to satisfy and commutate the software easily on different machine, using interceptive /not interceptive diagnostics. The software was designed for ELI-np and now is under test at Legnaro National Laboratories of INFN using the installed accelerators complex. In particular, BOLINA has been successfully tested on the Adige Injector 1+ beamline of the SPES Project where the system response matrix is measured on interceptive beam diagnostic by varying both electrostatic and magnetic steerers. This paper describes results and strategies to reduce trajectory residuals close to the diagnostic resolutions and their effectiveness to prepare the commissioning of LINACs.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST035
About •	Received ※ 12 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOST042	Towards the Automatic Setup of Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up in the CERN SPS	simulation, emittance, target, interface	949
	N. Bruchon, I. Karpov, N. Madysa, G. Papotti, D. Quartullo, C. Zisou CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland C. Zisou AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
	Controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up in the CERN SPS is necessary to stabilize high-intensity beams for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) by increasing the synchrotron frequency spread. The process consists of injecting bandwidth-limited noise into the main RF phase loop to diffuse particles in the core of the bunch. The setting up of the noise parameters, such as frequency band and amplitude, is a non-trivial and time-consuming procedure that has been performed manually so far. In this preliminary study, several optimization methods are investigated to set up the noise parameters automatically. We apply the CERN Common Optimization Interfaces as a generic framework for the optimization algorithm. Single-bunch profiles generated with the BLonD simulation code have been used to investigate the optimization algorithms offline. Furthermore, analysis has been carried out on measured bunch profiles in the SPS to define the problem constraints and properly formulate the objective function.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST042
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUPOST046	Machine Learning Applied for the Calibration of the Hard X-Ray Single-Shot Spectrometer at the European XFEL	FEL, photon, laser, operation	965
	C. Grech, M.W. Guetg DESY, Hamburg, Germany G. Geloni EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
	Single-crystal monochromators are used in free electron lasers for hard x-ray self-seeding, selecting a very narrow spectral range of the original SASE signal for further amplification. When rotating the crystal around the roll and pitch axes, one can exploit several symmetric and asymmetric reflections as established by Bragg’s law. This work describes the implementation of a machine learning classifier to identify the crystal indices corresponding to a given reflection, and eventually calculate the difference between the photon energy as measured by a single-shot spectrometer and the actual one. The image processing techniques to extract the properties of the crystal reflection are described, as well as how this information is used to calibrate two spectrometer parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST046
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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TUPOST048	Development of a Virtual Diagnostic for Estimating Key Beam Descriptors	simulation, diagnostics, MEBT, real-time	969
	K.R.L. Baker, I.D. Finch, S.R. Lawrie, A.A. Saoulis STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S. Basak, J. Cha, J. Thiyagalingam STFC/RAL/SCD, Didcot, United Kingdom
	Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), U.K. Research and Innovation (UKRI) Real-time beam descriptive data such as emittance, envelope and loss, are central to accelerator operations, including online diagnostics, maintenance and beam quality control. However, these cannot always be obtained without disrupting user runs. Physics-based simulations, such as particle tracking codes, can be leveraged to provide estimates of these beam descriptors. However, such simulation-based methods are computationally intensive requiring access to high performance computing facilities, and hence, they are often non-realistic for real-time purposes. The proposed work explores the feasibility of using machine learning to replace these simulations with fast-executing inference models based on surrogate modelling. The approach is intended to provide the operators with estimates of key beam properties in real time. Bayesian optimisation is used to generate a synthetic dataset to ensure the input space is efficiently sampled and representative of operating conditions. This is used to train a surrogate model to predict beam envelope, emittance and loss. The methodology is applied to the ISIS MEBT as a case study to evaluate the performance of the surrogate model.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST048
About •	Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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TUPOST053	Beam Tuning at the FRIB Front End Using Machine Learning	simulation, operation, rfq, status	983
	K. Hwang, K. Fukushima, T. Maruta, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University produced and identified the first rare isotopes demonstrating the key performance parameter and completion of the project. An important next step toward FRIB user operation includes fast tuning of the Front End (FE) decision parameters to maintain optimal beam optics. The FE consists of the ion source, charge selection system, LEBT, RFQ, and MEBT. The strong coupling of many ion source parameters, strong space-charge effects in multi-component ion beams, and a not well-known neutralization factor in the beamline from the ion source to the charge selection system make the FE modeling difficult. In this paper, we present our first effort toward the Machine Learning (ML) application for automatic control of the beam exiting the FE.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST053
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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TUPOST054	Experiment of Bayesian Optimization for Trajectory Alignment at Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooler	electron, experiment, alignment, collider	987
	Y. Gao, K.A. Brown, X. Gu, J. Morris, S. Seletskiy BNL, Upton, New York, USA J.A. Crittenden, G.H. Hoffstaetter, W. Lin Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams. As the world’s first electron cooler that uses radio frequency (rf) accelerated electron bunches, the low energy RHIC electron cooling (LEReC) system is a nonmagnetized cooler of ion beams in RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Beam dynamics in LEReC are different from the more conventional electron coolers due to the bunching of the electron beam. To ensure an efficient cooling performance at LEReC, many parameters need to be monitored and fine-tuned. The alignment of the electron and ion trajectories in the LEReC cooling sections is one of the most critical parameters. This work explores using a machine learning (ML) method - Bayesian Optimization (BO) to optimize the trajectories’ alignment. Experimental results demonstrate that ML methods such as BO can perform control tasks efficiently in the RHIC controls system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST054
About •	Received ※ 04 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOST055	Toward Machine Learning-Based Adaptive Control and Global Feedback for Compact Accelerators	feedback, diagnostics, electron, quadrupole	991
	F.W. Cropp V, P. Musumeci UCLA, Los Angeles, USA D. Filippetto, A. Gilardi, S. Paiagua, D. Wang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA A. Scheinker LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program, by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, … continued The HiRES beamline at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (USA) is a state-of-the-art compact accelerator providing ultrafast relativistic electron pulses at MHz repetition rates, for applications in ultrafast science and for particle accelerator science and technology R&D. Using HiRES as testbed, we seek to apply recent developments in machine learning and computational techniques for machine-learning-based adaptive control, and eventually, a full control system based on global feedback. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate the benefits of such a suite of controls to UED, including increased temporal and spatial resolution. Concrete steps toward these goals are presented, including automatic, model-independent tuning for accelerators, and energy virtual diagnostics with direct application to improving UED temporal resolution. … [continued from below] by the DOE Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under contract number 89233218CNA000001 and DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1549132.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST055
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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TUPOST056	Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization at SLAC MeV-UED	electron, gun, detector, timing	995
	F. Ji, A.L. Edelen, R.J. England, P.L. Kramer, D. Luo, C.E. Mayes, M.P. Minitti, S.A. Miskovich, M. Mo, A.H. Reid, R.J. Roussel, X. Shen, X.J. Wang, S.P. Weathersby SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	SLAC MeV-UED, part of the LCLS user facility, is a powerful ’electron camera’ for the study of ultrafast molecular structural dynamics and the coupling of electronic and atomic motions in a variety of material and chemical systems. The growing demand of scientific applications calls for rapid switching between different beamline configurations for delivering electron beams meeting specific user run requirements, necessitating fast online tuning strategies to reduce set up time. Here, we utilize multi-objective Bayesian optimization(MOBO) for fast searching the parameter space efficiently in a serialized manner, and mapping out the Pareto Front which gives the trade-offs between key beam parameters, i.e., spot size, q-resolution, pulse length, pulse charge, etc. Algorithm, model deployment and first test results will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST056
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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TUPOST058	Badger: The Missing Optimizer in ACR	interface, GUI, operation, framework	999
	Z. Zhang, A.L. Edelen, J.R. Garrahan, C.E. Mayes, S.A. Miskovich, D.F. Ratner, R.J. Roussel, J. Shtalenkova SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA M. Böse, S. Tomin DESY, Hamburg, Germany Y. Hidaka, G.M. Wang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Badger is an optimizer specifically designed for Accelerator Control Room (ACR). It’s the spiritual successor of Ocelot optimizer. Badger abstracts an optimization run as an optimization algorithm interacts with an environment, by following some pre-defined rules. The environment is controlled by the algorithm and tunes/observes the control system/machine through an interface, while the users control/monitor the optimization flow through a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command line interface (CLI). This paper would introduce the design principles and applications of Badger.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST058
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUPOPT026	Design and Status of Fast Orbit Feedback System at SOLARIS	feedback, storage-ring, power-supply, hardware	1059
	G.W. Kowalski, K. Gula, R. Panaś, A.I. Wawrzyniak, J.J. Wiechecki NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
	SOLARIS storage ring has been built with basic set of diagnostic and feedback systems. FOFB system, as much more advanced and not as critical for startup was envisioned as later addition to the design. Now, we are in the process of implementing this addition. The system’s workhorse is Instrumentation Technologies Libera Brilliance⁺ with its Fast Acquisition data path and customizable FPGA modules. Feedback algorithm running in hardware provides fast calculations and direct communication with fast power supplies. The hardware installation is almost finished with configuration and software works running in parallel. First measurements of response matrix and proof-of-concept tests were performed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT026
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUPOPT036	Two and Multiple Bunches with the LCLS Copper Linac	laser, timing, undulator, electron	1089
	F.-J. Decker, W.S. Colocho, A. Halavanau, A.A. Lutman, J.P. MacArthur, G. Marcus, R.A. Margraf, J.C. Sheppard, J.J. Turner, S. Vetter SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Two, four, and even eight bunches were accelerated through the copper linac. Two and four bunches were delivered successfully to photon experiments in both the hard (HXR) and soft (SXR) LCLS x-ray lines. In this paper we will concentrate on the more challenging issues, such as: the BPM deconvolution for both bunches, RF kicks at longer separations, tuning challenges, bridging the communications gap between the photon and electron side, the lower bunch charges for the eight bunch case, and rapid timing scans over several ns. We will describe some of the developed solutions and plans for the rest.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT036
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOPT057	Using Surrogate Models to Assist Accelerator Tuning at ISIS	simulation, synchrotron, operation, injection	1133
	A.A. Saoulis, K.R.L. Baker, H.V. Cavanagh, R.E. Williamson STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S. Basak, J. Cha, J. Thiyagalingam STFC/RAL/SCD, Didcot, United Kingdom
	Funding: STFC and UKRI High intensity hadron accelerator performance is often dominated by the need to minimise and control beam losses. Operator efforts to tune the machine during live operation are often restricted to local parameter space searches, while existing physics-based simulations are generally too computationally expensive to aid tuning in real-time. To this end, Machine Learning-based surrogate models can be trained on data produced by physics-based simulations, and serve to produce fast, accurate predictions of key beam properties, such as beam phase and bunch shape over time. These models can be used as a virtual diagnostic tool to explore the parameter space of the accelerator in real-time, without making changes on the live machine. At the ISIS Neutron and Muon source, major beam losses in the synchrotron are caused by injection and longitudinal trapping processes, as well as high intensity effects. This paper describes the training and inference performance of a neural network surrogate model of the longitudinal beam dynamics in the ISIS synchrotron, from injection at 70 MeV to 800 MeV extraction, and evaluates the model’s ability to assist accelerator tuning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT057
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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TUPOPT058	A Machine Learning Approach to Electron Orbit Control at the 1.5 GeV Synchrotron Light Source DELTA	storage-ring, network, synchrotron, electron	1137
	D. Schirmer DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
	Machine learning (ML) methods have found their application in a wide range of particle accelerator control tasks. Among other possible use cases, neural networks (NNs) can also be utilized for automated beam position control (orbit correction). ML studies on this topic, which were initially based on simulations, were successfully transferred to real accelerator operation at the 1.5-GeV electron storage ring of the DELTA accelerator facility. For this purpose, classical fully connected multi-layer feed-forward NNs were trained by supervised learning on measured orbit data to apply local and global beam position corrections. The supervised NN training was carried out with various conjugate gradient backpropagation learning algorithms. Afterwards, the ML-based orbit correction performance was compared with a conventional, numerical-based computing method. Here, the ML-based approach showed a competitive orbit correction quality in a fewer number of correction steps.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT058
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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TUPOPT059	Machine Learning Methods for Chromaticity Control at the 1.5 GeV Synchrotron Light Source DELTA	sextupole, storage-ring, synchrotron, experiment	1141
	D. Schirmer, A. Althaus, T. Schüngel DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
	In the past, the chromaticity values at the DELTA electron storage ring were manually adjusted using 15 individual sextupole power supply circuits, which are combined into 7 magnet families. To automate and optimize the time-consuming setting process, various machine learning (ML) approaches were investigated. For this purpose, simulations were first performed using a storage ring model and the performance of different neural network (NN) based models was compared. Subsequently, the neural networks were trained with experimental data and successfully implemented for chromaticity correction in real accelerator operation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT059
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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TUPOPT060	EPICS-Based Telegram Integration for Control and Alarm Handling at TEX Facility	EPICS, framework, status, operation	1145
	S. Pioli, D. Moriggi LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy F. Cardelli, P. Ciuffetti, C. Di Giulio INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
	We report the status of the development of an High Power RF Laboratory in X-Band called TEX (TEst-stand for X-Band). TEX is part of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) initiative that is ongoing at the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) that covers many different areas focused on particle accelerator technologies. TEX is a RF test facility based on solid-state K400 modulator from ScandiNova with a 50 MW class X-band (11.994 GHz) klystron tube model VKX8311A operating at 50 Hz. TeXbot is a Telegram bot used to notify in asynchronous way event at TEX. The application has been realized making use of framework such as telepot and pysmlib, to interface with Telegram and with EPICS environment respectively. The bot make able the user to subscribe to multiple topic in order to be automatically notified in case of different set up of the machine or when an interlock occurs on a single component. Furthermore the user can request detailed information about subsystem of the accelerator by simply make use of special commands and token in Telegram app.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT060
About •	Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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TUPOPT061	Status and Commissioning of the First X-Band RF Source of the TEX Facility	klystron, GUI, MMI, LLRF	1148
	F. Cardelli, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, M. Ceccarelli, C. Di Giulio, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, L. Piersanti, L. Sabbatini INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy B. Buonomo, G. Catuscelli, R. Ceccarelli, A. Cecchinelli, R. Clementi, E. Di Pasquale, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, G. Piermarini, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L.A. Rossi, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, S. Strabioli, S. Tocci, R. Zarlenga LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
	In 2021 started the commissioning of the TEX (Test stand for X-band) facility at the Frascati National laboratories of INFN. This facility has been founded in the framework of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) project. The current facility layout includes an high power X-band (11.994 GHz) RF source, realized in collaboration with CERN, which will be used for validation and development of the X-band RF high gradient technology in view of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project. The RF source is based on a CPI VKX8311 Klystron and a solid state ScandiNova k400 modulator to generate a maximum RF output power of 50 MW at 50 Hz, that will be mainly used for accelerating structure conditioning and waveguide components testing. In this paper the layout, the installation, commissioning and stability measurements of this source are described in detail. The test stand will be soon operative and ready to test the first X-band accelerating structure prototype.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT061
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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TUPOPT063	Vsystem to EPICS Control System Transition at the ISIS Accelerators	EPICS, interface, hardware, software	1156
	I.D. Finch, B.R. Aljamal, K.R.L. Baker, R. Brodie, J.-L. Fernández-Hernando, G.D. Howells, M.F. Leputa, S.A. Medley, A.A. Saoulis STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom A. Kurup Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is a pulsed source used for research in material and life sciences. A linac and synchrotron accelerate protons to produce neutrons in two spallation targets. The accelerators are currently operated using commercial Vsystem control software. A transition to the EPICS control system is underway, with the end goal of a containerised system preferring the pvAccess protocol. We report the progress of this transition, which is being done without disrupting ISIS operations. We describe a bidirectional interface between Vsystem and EPICS that enables the two control systems to co-exist and interact. This allows us to decouple the transition of controls UI from the associated hardware. Automated conversion of the binary-format Vsystem control screens has been developed that replicates the current interface in EPICS, allowing minimal retraining of operators. We also outline the development of EPICS interfaces to standard and unique-to-ISIS hardware, reuse of and managing continuity of existing long-term data archiving, the development of EPICS interfaces to standard and unique-to-ISIS hardware, and migration of alerts.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT063
About •	Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOPT067	Development of a Trigger Distribution System Based on MicroTCA.4	timing, electron, FPGA, electronics	1171
	H. Maesaka, N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, E. Iwai, T. Ohshima RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, E. Iwai, H. Maesaka, T. Ohshima JASRI, Hyogo, Japan
	We developed a MicroTCA.4 (MTCA.4) module to generate and distribute trigger timing signals. This module has 16 LVDS inputs and 16 LVDS outputs each on the front panel and the Zone 3 connector, and 8 M-LVDS I/O’s for MTCA.4 backplane. The trigger timing of each output can be precisely adjusted with the interval of 238 MHz or 509 MHz clocks by a 24-bit counter. The timing can also be fine-tuned by ~80 ps tap delay. This module has additional 5 optical transceivers, one for receiving trigger signals from upstream and four for fanouts to downstream. A master module distributes trigger signals, trigger counts, and event data through optical links. Slave modules generate trigger output signals with appropriate delays based on the event data and the local setting for each output channel. The timing jitter was measured to be 40 ps std, which is significantly smaller than the clock period of 238 MHz or 509 MHz. This system can also distribute an alarm signal received by a slave module to take data at a faulty situation. Trigger systems with this module have been utilized in SPring-8, SACLA, and NewSUBARU and stably synchronize various accelerator components with sufficient timing accuracy.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT067
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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TUPOPT068	Transverse and Longitudinal Modulation of Photoinjection Pulses at FLUTE	laser, electron, injection, cathode	1174
	M. Nabinger, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, C. Sax, J. Schäfer, C. Widmann, C. Xu KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
	Funding: Supported by the Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology" (KSETA). To generate the electrons to be accelerated, a photoinjection laser is used at the linac-based test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test Experiment) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The properties of the laser pulse, such as intensity, laser spot size or temporal profile, are the first parameters to influence the characteristics of the electron bunches. In order to control the initial parameters of the electrons in the most flexible way possible, the laser optics at FLUTE are therefore supplemented by additional setups that allow transverse and longitudinal laser pulse shaping by using so-called Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs). In the future, the control of the SLMs will be integrated into a Machine Learning (ML) supported feedback system for the optimization of the electron bunch properties. In this contribution the first test experiments and results on laser pulse shaping at FLUTE on the way to this project are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT068
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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TUPOPT069	Preparation and Characterization of BTO-BFO Multiferroic Ceramics as Electrical Controllable Fast Phase Shifting Component	experiment, factory, site, radiation	1178
	N.W. Martirosyan, A. Grigoryan, Kh.Gh. Kirakosyan, V. Sahakyan, A. Sargsyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia A. Grigoryan YSU, Yerevan, Armenia G.S. Karoyan, R.H. Khazaryan, M.M. Mkrtchian, T. Vandunts NPUA, Yerevan, Armenia
	A rich variety of dielectric, optical, acoustic/piezoelectric, ferromagnetic properties of ferroelectric and multiferroic composite materials open a new perspective for the development of modern accelerators with new principle of electron acceleration and control system. These properties may be controlled by external electric fields. In particular, the production of electric field controlling ultrafast facilities for 0.7-20 GHz RF phase shifting and amplitude modulation where a very short response time of <10 nsec is required . A Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technology for obtaining ceramic materials, based on (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 compositions with various dopant (MgO, MnO, etc.), has been developed. The general parameters of the SHS process (temperature and propagation velocity of the combustion front) are measured. The dependences of microstructure (grain size, density, and porosity), as well as electro physical properties of the sintered samples on compaction and sintering thermodynamic variables, such as the pressing pressure and duration, sintering temperature, sintering duration and atmosphere, heating and cooling rates, are experimentally investigated. * https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010066 Appl. Phys. Let., V.101, p. 232903-5, 2012 * A. Kanareykin & et al. FERROELECTRIC BASED HIGH POWER TUNER FOR L-BAND ACCELERATOR APPLICATIONS. IPAC2013
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT069
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
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TUPOPT070	Surrogate Modelling of the FLUTE Low-Energy Section	simulation, network, gun, electron	1182
	C. Xu, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller, A. Santamaria Garcia, J. Schäfer KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: Supported by the Helmholtz Association (Autonomous Accelerator, ZT-I-PF-5-6) and the DFG-funded Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology". Numerical beam dynamics simulations are essential tools in the study and design of particle accelerators, but they can be prohibitively slow for online prediction during operation or for systematic evaluations of new parameter settings. Machine learning-based surrogate models of the accelerator provide much faster predictions of the beam properties and can serve as a virtual diagnostic or to augment data for reinforcement learning training. In this paper, we present the first results on training a surrogate model for the low-energy section at the Ferninfrarot Linac- und Test-Experiment (FLUTE).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT070
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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TUPOTK006	Systematic Investigation of Flux Trapping Dynamics in Niobium Samples	cavity, experiment, SRF, niobium	1200
	F. Kramer, S. Keckert, S. Keckert, J. Knobloch, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler HZB, Berlin, Germany J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler BESSY GmbH, Berlin, Germany J. Knobloch University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
	Trapped magnetic flux in superconducting cavities can significantly increase surface resistance, and, thereby, limits the cavities’ performance. To reduce trapped flux in cavities, a better understanding of the fundamental mechanism of flux trapping is vital. We develop a new experimental design: measuring magnetic flux density at 15 points just above a niobium sheet of dimensions (100 x 60 x 3) mm with a time resolution of up to 2 ms and a flux resolution better than 0.5 µT. This setup allows us to control the temperature gradient and cooldown rate, both independently of each other, as well as the magnitude and direction of an external magnetic field. We present data gathered on a large-grain sample as well as on a fine-grain sample. Our data suggests that not only the temperature gradient but also the cooldown rate affects trapped flux. Additionally, we detect a non-trivial relationship between trapped flux and magnitude of applied field.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK006
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOTK022	INFN-LASA for the Fermilab PIP-II	cavity, SRF, linac, site	1249
	R. Paparella, M. Bertucci, M. Bonezzi, A. Bosotti, D. Cardelli, A. D’Ambros, E. Del Core, A.T. Grimaldi, L. Monaco, D. Sertore, G.M. Zaggia INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy C. Pagani Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy
	The status of INFN-LASA contribution to the PIP-II project at Fermilab is reported in this paper. Experimental results and ongoing activities on prototypes are summarized together with the development of related testing infrastructures. The series production of the 38 5-cell, beta 0.61 cavities designed by INFN-LASA for the LB650 section of the PIP-II linac recently commenced, the status of major procurements and associated activities is here below presented. All cavities will be produced and surface treated in industry to reach the unprecedented performances required, qualified through vertical cold test at qualified infrastructures and delivered as linac-ready at the string assembly site.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK022
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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TUPOTK023	Study on Commercial Diodes as Thermometers at Low Temperature for Temperature Mapping System of Nb3sn Superconducting Radiofrequency Cavities	experiment, cavity, SRF, laser	1252
	R. Wanison, K. Umemori, T. Yamada KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Takahashi Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan R. Wanison Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
	Nb₃Sn Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities has been researched and developed at Center for Applied Superconducting Accelerator (CASA), KEK. One of effec-tive tools for research on the performance of SRF cavities is a temperature mapping (T-map) system for detecting small increases in temperature. It is a thermometer array positioned precisely on an outer surface of cavity wall. Thermometer should cover at least from the range of typi-cal operating temperature of 4 K to the transition tempera-ture of 18 K, for the Nb₃Sn SRF cavities. Therefore, car-bon resistor can not be used as a cheap thermometer due to low sensitivity at this temperature range. In this pro-ceeding, we report the results of the test for various com-mercially available diodes as a thermometer for T-map system. The sensitivity, stability and the repeatability are measured, cooled by a GM cryocooler.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK023
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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TUPOTK029	Open XAL Status Report 2022	cavity, linac, status, emittance	1271
	A.P. Zhukov, A.M. Hoover, A.P. Shishlo ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA J.F. Esteban Müller, E. Laface, Y. Levinsen, N. Milas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The Open XAL accelerator physics software platform has been developed through international collaboration among several facilities since 2010. The goal of the collaboration is to establish Open XAL as a multi-purpose software platform supporting a broad range of tool and application development in accelerator physics and high-level control (Open XAL also ships with a suite of general-purpose accelerator applications). This paper discusses progress in beam dynamics simulation and updated application framework along with new generic accelerator physics applications. We present the status of the project at each participating facility and a roadmap for continued development.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK029
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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TUPOTK031	A First 6 GHz Cavity Deposition with B1 Superconducting Thin Film at ASTeC	cavity, SRF, target, site	1279
	R. Valizadeh, A.N. Hannah, O.B. Malyshev STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom E. Chyhyrynets, V.A. Garcia Diaz, C. Pira INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy V.R. Dhanak The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom O.B. Malyshev Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G.B.G. Stenning STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Nb₃Sn, NbTiN and NbN are superconductors with critical temperatures of 18.3, 12.6-17 and 11.6-17.5 K, respectively, these are higher than that of Nb at 9.3 K. Hence, at 4 K, they have an RF resistance, an order of magnitude lower than that of Nb, which leads to quality factors above those of Nb. In recent years, there has been an extensive effort converting Nb cavities into Nb₃Sn. Alloying the top inner layer of the cavity using Sn diffusion at a high temperature has had some degree of success, however, the reproducibility remains a major hindering and limiting factor. In this study, we report on the PVD deposition of NbTiN inside a 6 GHz cavity, using an external magnetic coil configuration. The deposition is done at an elevated temperature of about 650 C. We report on the superconducting properties, film structure and its stoichiometry and surface chemical state. The films have been characterised with SEM, XRD, XPS, EDS and SQUID magnetometer.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK031
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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TUPOTK042	Challenges to Reliable Production Nitrogen Doping of Nb for SRF Accelerating Cavities	cavity, niobium, SRF, vacuum	1311
	C.E. Reece, M.J. Kelley, E.M. Lechner, A.D. Palczewski JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA J.W. Angle, M.J. Kelley Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA F.A. Stevie NCSU AIF, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
	Funding: This work was authored by JSA LLC under U.S. DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. DOE Early Career Award to A. Palczewski, with supplemental support from DOE BES via the LCLS-II HE R&D program. J. Angle’s support was from the Office of High Energy Physics, under grant DE-SC-0014475 to Virginia Tech. Over the last several years, alloying of the surface layer of niobium SRF cavities has been demonstrated to beneficially lower the superconducting RF surface resistance. Nitrogen, titanium, and oxygen have all been demonstrated as effective alloying agents, occupying interstitial sites in the niobium lattice within the RF penetration depth and even deeper, when allowed to thermally diffuse into the surface at appropriate temperatures. The use of nitrogen for this function has been often termed ’nitrogen doping’ and is being applied in the LCLS-II and LCLS-II HE projects. We report characterization studies of the distribution of nitrogen into the exposed niobium surface and how such distribution is affected by the quality of the vacuum furnace environment in which the doping takes place, and the complexity of nitride crystal growth on different grain orientations of surface niobium. Using state-of-the-art quantification methods by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling in niobium, we identify several phenomena involving furnace-sourced contamination. We also highlight a potential issue with N₂ flow constraints from the flange ’caps’ used during heat treatments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK042
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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TUPOTK049	Upgrade of ELSA’s Booster Synchrotron RF with a Solid State Power Amplifier	synchrotron, booster, operation, cavity	1327
	M.T. Switka, K. Desch, D. Elsner, F. Frommberger, P. Hänisch ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	The 1.6 GeV booster synchrotron of the ELSA facility at the University of Bonn uses a DESY-type RF resonator which has been driven by a conventional klystron amplifier since its early days in 1967. The setup was modified to serve the ELSA stretcher ring as booster synchrotron in 1987, but the RF infrastructure was barely altered. As repairs of the reliable, but antiquated RF source became foreseeingly impossible due to the lack of spare part availability, the replacement of the klystron amplifier chain in favour of a state-of-the-art solid state amplifier was carried out. We describe the replacement and the operation experience with the new RF power amplifier.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK049
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUPOTK050	Development of Zynq SoC-Based EPICS IOC for KOMAC Remote Control System	EPICS, Linux, linac, FPGA	1330
	Y.G. Song, S.Y. Cho, J.H. Kim, S.P. Yun KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) The KOMAC proton accelerator consists of a 100 MeV linear accelerator and beam lines for beam services. Devices of various form factors are used as control systems in accelerator control systems and beam diagnosis systems. With the recent upgrade of the control system, a Zynq-based control system has been developed that enables the latest technology and low cost. The Zynq-based DAQ system was developed by adopting Digilent’s Zybo z7 series board and AD7605 analog-to-digital data acquisition system. The Zybo z7 is an embedded software and digital circuit development board built around the Xilinx Zynq-7000 family. The Zynq is based on Xilinx All Programmable System-on-Chip (AP SoC) architecture, which tightly integrates a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processor with Xilinx7-series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic. The AD7605 is a 4-channel and 16bit ADC with 300 kSPS on all channels. The Zynq SoC-based DAQ system will be used for beam feedback control and RF signal monitoring at KOMAC. This paper introduces the development of configurations for the development of Zynq-based control systems, programmable Logic (PL) builds, and Linux and EPICS porting.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK050
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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TUPOTK051	Design Studies on a High-Power Wide-Band RF Combiner for Consolidation of the Driver Amplifier of the J-PARC RCS	simulation, synchrotron, proton, acceleration	1333
	H. Okita, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M.M. Paoluzzi CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A power upgrade of the existing 8 kW solid-state driver amplifier is required for the acceleration of high intensity proton beams in the J-PARC 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The development of a 25 kW amplifier with gallium nitride (GaN) HEMTs and based on 6.4 kW modules is ongoing. The combiner is a key component to achieve such a high output power over the wide bandwidth required for multi-harmonic rf operation. This paper presents a preliminary design of the combiner. The circuit simulation setup and results, including the realistic magnetic core characteristics and frequency response of the cables are reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK051
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
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TUPOTK052	Influence of a Positive Grid Biasing on RF System in J-PARC RCS	acceleration, power-supply, operation, vacuum	1336
	M. Yamamoto, M. Nomura, H. Okita, T. Shimada, F. Tamura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	In order to accelerate a high intensity beam in the RCS, a large amplitude of the anode current is provided by a tube amplifier to compensate a heavy beam loading. Tetrode vacuum tubes are used in the RCS, and the control grid voltage enters into a positive region to feed such a large current. The positive grid biasing affects the waveform of the control grid voltage; it is deformed due to the induced control grid current under the condition of the multi-harmonic rf driving. Furthermore, the DC bias voltage drop on the control grid is observed because of the exceeding the ability for the control grid power supply. We describe the influence of the positive grid biasing in the RCS.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK052
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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TUPOTK055	One Year of Operation of the New Wideband RF System of the Proton Synchrotron Booster	MMI, operation, network, cavity	1344
	G.G. Gnemmi, S. Energico, M. Haase, M.M. Paoluzzi, C. Rossi CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Within the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the PS Booster(PSB) has been upgraded. Both the injection (160 MeV) and extraction (2 GeV) energies have been increased, bringing also changes in the injection beam revolution frequency, the maximum revolution frequency, and the beam intensity. To meet the requirements of the High Luminosity LHC a new RF system has been designed, based on the wideband frequency characteristics of Finemet® Magnetic Alloy and solid-state amplifiers. The wideband frequency response (1 MHz to 18 MHz) covers all the required frequency schemes in the PSB, allowing multi-harmonics operation. The system is based on a cellular configuration in which each cell provides a fraction of the total RF voltage. The new RF system has been installed in 3 locations replacing the old systems. The installation has been performed during 2019/2020, while the commissioning started later in 2020 and relevant results for the physics have been already observed. This paper describes the new RF chain, the results achieved and the issues that occurred during this year of operation, together with the changes made to the system to improve performance and reliability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK055
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOTK057	Innovative Magnetron Power Sources for Superconducting RF (SRF) Accelerators	SRF, cavity, operation, injection	1348
	M.L. Neubauer, R.P. Johnson, R.R. Lentz, M. Popovic, T. Wynn Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by DOE SBIR grant # DE-SC0022484 A magnetron suitable for 1497 MHz klystron replacements at Jefferson Lab will be constructed and tested with our novel patented subcritical voltage operation methods to drive an SRF cavity. The critical areas of magnetron manufacturing and design affecting life-cycle costs that will be modeled for improvement include: Q_ext, filaments, magnetic field, vane design, and novel control of outgassing. The most immediate benefit of this project is to make SRF accelerator projects more affordable for NP and other users of SRF Linacs. One of the most attractive commercial applications for SRF accelerators is to drive subcritical nuclear reactors to burn Light Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (LWR SNF). A 1 GeV proton beam hitting an internal uranium spallation neutron target can produce over 30 neutrons for each incident proton to allow the reactor to operate far below criticality to generate electricity or process heat while reducing high-level waste disposal costs. This commercial application has the additional attribute of addressing climate change.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK057
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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TUPOMS015	Proposal of a Girder Realignment Test in PETRA III	alignment, storage-ring, experiment, vacuum	1435
	M. Schaumann, I.V. Agapov, R. Bartolini, M. Bieler, R. Böspflug, D. Einfeld, M.G. Hoffmann, J. Keil, L. Liao, G. Priebe, M. Schlösser, R. Wanzenberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	PETRA IV can benefit from the fine control of the girders that carry the storage ring elements to achieve the design beam performance. Based on the corrector magnet strength pattern it is desired to realign girders to stay within the alignment tolerances. In the current PETRA III configuration, the girders in the Max von Laue Hall are equipped for remote alignment, however, those have not been moved since their initial installation and the alignment system is currently not connected to the control system. In preparation for PETRA IV, a movement test of one of the PETRA III girders should confirm the ability to safely and precisely remote control the equipment based on an optics model that describes the effect of the girder movement on the orbit. This paper studies the feasibility of this test and prepares an initial mock-up experiment to be performed on a spare girder.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS015
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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TUPOMS016	A Pipeline for Orchestrating Machine Learning and Controls Applications	simulation, software, operation, framework	1439
	I.V. Agapov, M. Böse, L. Malina DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Machine learning and artificial intelligence are becoming widespread paradigms in control of complex processes. Operation of accelerator facilities is not an exception, with a number of advances having happened over the last years. In the domain of intelligent control of accelerator facilities, the research has mostly been focused on feasibility demonstration of ML-based agents, or application of ML-based agents to a well-defined problem such as parameter tuning. The main challenge on the way to a more holistic AI-based operation, in our opinion, is of engineering nature and is related to the need of significant reduction of the amount of human intervention. The areas where such intervention is still significant are: training and tuning of ML models; scheduling and orchestrating of multiple intelligent agents; data stream handling; configuration management; and software testing and verification requiring advanced simulation environment. We have developed a software framework which attempts to address all these issues. The design and implementation of this system will be presented, together with application examples for the PETRA III storage ring.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS016
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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TUPOMS040	Characterization of Higher-Order-Modes (HOM) in THOMX Storage Ring RF Cavity	HOM, cavity, storage-ring, impedance	1513
	M. El Khaldi, J-N. Cayla, H. Monard Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France M. Diop, F. Ribeiro SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The RF system of the ThomX storage ring consists in a 500 MHz single cell copper cavity of the ELETTRA type, powered with a 50 kW CW solid state amplifier, and the associated Low-Level RF feedback and control loops. The low operating energy of 50-100 MeV makes the impedances of the cavity higher order modes (HOMs) particularly critical for the beam stability. Their parasitic effects on the beam can be cured by HOM frequency shifting techniques, based on a fine temperature tuning and a dedicated adjustable plunger. A cavity temperature stability of ± 0.1 °C within a range from 30 up to 70 °C is achieved by a precise control of its water-cooling temperature. On the other hand, the tuning of the cavity fundamental mode is achieved by changing its axial length by means of a mechanical tuner. In order to insure a fine control of the HOM frequencies, a good knowledge of their characteristics is mandatory. The main parameters of the fundamental and of the HOMs up to 2.2 GHz versus temperature have been measured at low power using a vector network analyzer (VNA).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS040
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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TUPOMS049	Digital LLRF for the Canadian Light Source	cavity, LLRF, booster, operation	1538
	P. Solans, F. Pérez, A. Salom ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain D.R. Beauregard, C.J. Boyle, J.M. Patel, H. Shaker, J. Stampe CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
	The Canadian Light Source, at the University of Saskatchewan, is a 3rd generation synchrotron light source located in the city of Saskatoon, Canada. The facility comprises a 250 MeV LINAC, a full energy booster and a 2.9 GeV storage ring. The radiofrequency system in the booster consist of two 5-cell cavities feed with a single SSPA. The analogue LLRF for the booster has been recently replaced by a digital LLRF based in the ALBA design with a Picodigitizer, a stand-alone commercial solution provided by Nutaq. Also, the firmware of the new DLLRF is configurable to allow operation with a superconducting cavity feed with one amplifier, thus providing the possibility to replace the CLS SR LLRF as well. The main hardware components, the basic firmware functionalities and the commissioning measurements of the new DLLRF for the CLS booster will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS049
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUPOMS052	Considerations From Deploying, Commissioning, and Maintaining the Control System for LCLS-II Undulators	undulator, MMI, EPICS, vacuum	1546
	M.A. Montironi, C.J. Andrews, G. Marcus, H.-D. Nuhn SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 Two new undulator lines have been installed as part of the Linac Coherent Light Source upgrade (LCLSII) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. One undulator line, composed of 21 horizontally polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Soft X-Rays (SXR). The other line, composed of 32 vertically polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Hard X-Rays (HXR). The devices were installed, and the control system was deployed in 2019. Commissioning culminated with the achievement of first light from the HXR undulator in the Summer of 2020 and from the SXR undulator in the Fall of 2020. Since then, both undulator lines have been successfully providing x-Rays to user experiments with very limited downtime. In this paper, we first describe the strategies utilized to simplify the deployment, commissioning, and maintenance of the control system. Such strategies include scripts for automated components calibration and monitoring, a modular software structure, and debugging manuals for accelerator operators. Then, we discuss lessons learned which could be applicable to similar projects in the future.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS052
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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TUPOMS055	A Modernized Architecture for the Post Mortem System at CERN	database, operation, framework, injection	1557

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPOST020

In-Kind Contributions: The PIP-II Project at Fermilab

linac, framework, alignment, proton

98

L. Lari, L. Merminga, A.M. Rowe
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) Project is the first U.S. accelerator project that has significant contributions from international partners. A project management framework was created to fully integrate and make consistent across all partners the design, development, and delivery of In-Kind Contributions (IKC) into PIP-II. This framework consists of planning documentation, procedures, and communication and assessment processes to control schedule, risk, quality, and technical integration over the lifetime of the project. The purpose of this paper is to present the PIP-II IKC model put in place to properly integrate the IKC deliverables into the PIP-II Linac and share experience and lessons learned from its early implementation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST020

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOST028

Tune Control in Fixed Field Accelerators

lattice, focusing, multipole, closed-orbit

122

A.F. Steinberg, R.B. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators have been proposed for a wide range of challenges, including rapid acceleration in a muon collider, and large energy acceptance beam transport for medical applications. A disadvantage of these proposals is the highly nonlinear field profile required to keep the tune energy-independent, known as the scaling condition. It has been shown computationally that approximately constant tunes can be achieved with the addition of nonlinear fields which do not follow this scaling law. However the impacts of these nonlinearities are not well understood. We present a new framework for adding nonlinearities to Fixed Field Accelerators, seeking a constant normalised focusing strength over the full energy range, and verify the results by simulation using Zgoubi. As a model use case, we investigate the degree of tune compensation that can be achieved in a Fixed Field Accelerator for ion cancer therapy.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST028

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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MOPOPT002

Improvements on Sirius Beam Stability

operation, network, feedback, experiment

226

S.R. Marques, M.B. Alves, F.C. Arroyo, M.P. Calcanha, H.F. Canova, B.E. Limeira, L. Liu, R.T. Neuenschwander, A.G.C. Pereira, D.O. Tavares, F.H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
G.O. Brunheira, A.C.T. Cardoso, R.B. Cardoso, R. Junqueira Leão, L.R. Leão, P.H.S. Martins, Moreira, S.S. Moreira, R. Oliveira Neto, M.G. Siqueira
CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Sirius is a Synchrotron Light Source based on a 3 GeV electron storage ring with 518 meters circumference and 250 pm.rad emittance. The facility is built and operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), located in the CNPEM campus, in Campinas. A beam stability task force was recently created to identify and mitigate the orbit disturbances at various time scales. This work presents studies regarding ground motion (land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction), improvements in the temperature control of the storage ring (SR) tunnel air conditioning (AC) system, vibration measurements in accelerator components and the efforts concerning the reduction of the power supplies’ ripple. The fast orbit feedback implementation and other future perspectives will also be discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT002

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOPT006

Characterization of the Electron Beam Visualization Stations of the ThomX Accelerator

HOM, target, diagnostics, MMI

240

A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, J-N. Cayla, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, H. Guler, H. Monard, M. Omeich, S.D. Williams
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
S.D. Williams
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051.
We present an overview of the diagnostics screens stations - named SSTs - of the ThomX compact Compton source. ThomX is a compact light source based on Compton backscattering. It features a linac and a storage ring in which the electrons have an energy of 50 MeV. Each SST is composed of three screens, a YAG:Ce screen and an Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) screen for transverse measurements and a calibration target for magnification and resolution characterisation. The optical system is based on commercial lenses that have been reverse-engineered. An Arduino is used to control both the aperture and the focus remotely, while the magnification must be modified using an external motor. We report on the overall performance of the station as measured during the first steps of beam commissioning and on the optical system remote operations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT006

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOPT009

New Bunch-by-Bunch Filling Pattern Measuring System at ELSA

FPGA, electron, synchrotron, cavity

244

A.K. Wald, K. Desch, D. Elsner, D. Proft
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

The electron accelerator facility ELSA at the University of Bonn, Germany, can accelerate and store electrons with a final energy from 0.8GeV up to 3.2GeV. To routinely determine the filling pattern in the storage ring, a new measuring system has been developed. For hadron physics experiments the filling pattern, which is influenced by the injection from the pre-accelerating synchrotron, should be as homogeneous as possible. The new measurement system should provide a real-time measurement of the filling pattern, so that the injection can be continuously optimized. Moreover, a position measurement for each individual bunch is provided, from which the two transverse and the longitudinal tunes can be deduced. To measure the bunch-by-bunch intensity and position, the signals of the existing button-type BPMs will be digitized by fast 12-bit ADCs synchronized to the 500MHz ELSA radio frequency. The fast pre-processing and intermediate storage of the data is realized with a 500MHz clocked FPGA and transfers the data to a PC for further processing. First results of measurement system developed in-house will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT009

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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MOPOPT011

Transverse Excitation and Applications for Beam Control

resonance, betatron, extraction, simulation

251

P.J. Niedermayer, R. Singh
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Transverse excitation of stored particle beams is required for a number of applications in accelerators. Using a time-varying, transverse electric field with a dedicated frequency spectrum, the amplitude and coherence of betatron oscillations can be increased in a controlled manner. This allows for determination of the betatron tune from turn-by-turn position measurements, control of transverse beam shapes, as well as extraction of stored beams. For studies of beam excitation, a custom signal generator is being developed. It is based on software-defined radio (SDR) which allows for configurable signal characteristics and tuneable spectra. This approach enables usage for multiple applications in beam diagnostics and control. To determine appropriate excitation spectra, studies of particle dynamics in presence of excitation are being carried out. Nonlinear fields are also incorporated to account for beam extraction conditions, which affects frequency spectra of beam motion due to detuning effects.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT011

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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MOPOPT016

Update of the Bunch Arrival Time Monitor at ELBE

laser, electron, feedback, pick-up

260

M. Kuntzsch, A. Maalberg, A. Schwarz, K. Zenker
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
M.K. Czwalinna, J. Kral
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The bunch arrival time monitor (BAM) at the radiation source ELBE has been upgraded twofold. In order to achieve a higher precision a new frontend has been designed, based on a development by DESY, that uses state of the art 50 GHz electro-optical modulators (EOMs). The frontend allows for thermal control of critical components and monitoring of system parameters. The modulated EOM signals and monitoring data are distributed to a new readout electronic. The new MicroTCA-based receiveris based on a dedicated FMC card developed at DESY that is installed on an FMC25 carrier board. The arrival time is calculated on a FPGA with low latency and can be used for machine diagnostic. The code has been adapted to enable the processing of a data stream of the continuous train of electron bunches, allowing for the implementation of a cw beam based feedback in a next step. The contribution will describe the BAM setup as well as the performance measured at the ELBE accelerator.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT016

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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MOPOPT034

Surrogate-Based Bayesian Inference of Transverse Beam Distribution for Non-Stationary Accelerator Systems

experiment, beam-transport, framework, simulation

324

H. Fujii, N. Fukunishi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
M. Yamakita
Tokyo Tech, Tokyo, Japan

Constraints on the beam diagnostics available in real-time and time-varying beam source conditions make it difficult to provide users with high-quality beams for long periods without interrupting experiments. Although surrogate model-based inference is useful for inferring the unmeasurable, the system states can be incorrectly inferred due to manufacturing errors and neglected higher-order effects when creating the surrogate model. In this paper, we propose to adaptively assimilate the surrogate model for reconstructing the transverse beam distribution with uncertainty and underspecification using a sequential Monte Carlo from the measurements of quadrant beam loss monitors. The proposed method enables sample-efficient and training-free inference and control of the time-varying transverse beam distribution.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT034

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOTK032

An N-BPM Momentum Reconstruction for Linear Transverse Coupling Measurements in LHC and HL-LHC

coupling, optics, lattice, resonance

519

A. Wegscheider, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The measurement and control of linear transverse coupling is important for the operation of an accelerator. The calculation of the linear transverse coupling resonance driving terms (RDTs) ’1001 and ’1010 relies on the complex spectrum of the turn-by-turn motion. To obtain the complex signal, a reconstruction of the particle motion is needed. For this purpose, the signal of a second BPM with a suitable phase shift is usually used. In this work, we explore the possibility of including more BPMs in the reconstruction of the transverse momentum, which could reduce the effects of statistical errors and systematic uncertainties. This, in turn, could improve the precision and accuracy of the RDTs, which could be of great benefit for locations where an exact knowledge of the transverse coupling or other RDTs is important. We present the development of a new method to reconstruct the particle’s momentum that uses a statistical analysis of several nearby BPMs. The improved precision is demonstrated via simulations of LHC and HL-LHC lattices.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK032

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 23 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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MOPOTK050

Linac Optics Optimization with Multi-Objective Optimization

linac, optics, lattice, quadrupole

572

I. Neththikumara, T. Satogata
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
R.M. Bodenstein, S.A. Bogacz, T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
A. Vandenhoeke
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The beamline design of recirculating linacs requires special attention to avoid beam instabilities due to RF wakefields. A proposed high-energy, multi-pass energy recovery demonstration at CEBAF uses a low beam current. Stronger focusing at lower energies is necessary to avoid beam breakup(BBU) instabilities, even with this small beam current. The CEBAF linac optics optimization balances over-focusing at higher energies and beta excursions at lower energies. Using proper mathematical expressions, linac optics optimization can be achieved with evolutionary algorithms. Here, we present the optimization process of North Linac optics using multi-objective optimization.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK050

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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MOPOMS040

Radiation Shielding Design for the X-Band Laboratory for Radio-Frequency Test Facility - X-Lab - at the University of Melbourne

radiation, electron, simulation, operation

724

M. Volpi, R.P. Rassool, S.L. Sheehy, G. Taylor, S.D. Williams
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
D. Banon-Caballero
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
M. Boronat, N. Catalán Lasheras
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
R.T. Dowd
AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
S.L. Sheehy
ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia

Here we report radiation dose estimates calculated for the X-band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (X-LAB) under construction at the University of Melbourne (UoM). The lab will host a CERN X-band test stand containing two 12 GHz 6 MW klystron amplifiers. By power combination through hybrid couplers and the use of pulse compressors, up to 50 MW of peak power can be sent to any of to either of the two test slots at pulse repetition rates up to 400 Hz. The test stand is dedicated to RF conditioning and testing CLIC’s high gradient accelerating structures beyond 100 MV/m. This paper also gives a brief overview of the general principles of radiation protection legislation; explains radiological quantities and units, including some basic facts about radioactivity and the biological effects of radiation; and gives an overview of the classification of radiological areas at X-LAB, radiation fields at high-energy accelerators, and the radiation monitoring system used at X-LAB. The bunker design to achieve a dose rate less than annual dose limit of 1 mSv is also shown.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS040

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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MOPOMS045

Vacuum Control System Upgrade for ALPI Accelerator

vacuum, PLC, hardware, EPICS

744

G. Savarese, L. Antoniazzi, D. Bortolato, A. Conte, F. Gelain, D. Marcato, C.R. Roncolato
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The vacuum system of ALPI accelerator includes about 40 pumping groups based on turbomolecular pumps. The instrumentation of the accelerators complex is mainly the one installed in 90s, with consequent maintenance issues. The control and supervision systems were developed in the same period by an external company, which produced custom solutions for the HW and SW parts. Control devices are based on custom PLCs, while the supervision system is based on C and C#. The communication between the field and the supervisor is composed of multiple levels: RS-232 standard is used to transfer control parameter from the field devices up to custom multiplexers; RS-485 transmission is used from the multiplexers to two PC servers covering different sections of the installation; while Ethernet, is used to connect the servers and the operation console. Obsolescence and rigidity of the system, deficit of spare parts and impossibility of reparation or modification without external support, required a complete renovation of the vacuum system and relative controls in the next years. This paper describes the adopted strategy and the implementation status.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS045

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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MOPOMS047

Control and Functional Safety Systems Design for Real-Time Conditioning of RF Structures at TEX

EPICS, interface, vacuum, framework

751

S. Pioli, R. Gargana, D. Moriggi
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
F. Cardelli, P. Ciuffetti, C. Di Giulio
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy

We report the status of the development of an High Power RF Laboratory in X-Band called TEX (TEst-stand for X-Band). TEX is part of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) initiative that is ongoing at the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) that covers many different areas focused on particle accelerator technologies. TEX is a RF test facility based on solid-state K400 modulator from ScandiNova with a 50MW class X-band (11.994 GHz) klystron tube model VKX8311A operating at 50 Hz. This RF source will operate as resource for test and research programs such as the RF breakdown on RF waveguide components as well as high power testing of accelerating structures for future high gradient linear accelerator such as EuPRAXIA and CLIC. In this context we will present the whole EPICS control system design focusing on archiving, user interfaces and custom development made as part of the functional safety to deliver real-time RF breakdown detection integrated with the timing system of the facility.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS047

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Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUOXGD3

6D Phase Space Diagnostics Based on Adaptively Tuned Physics-Informed Generative Convolutional Neural Networks

feedback, solenoid, network, diagnostics

776

A. Scheinker
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
F.W. Cropp V
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
D. Filippetto
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: US Department of Energy, DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) contract numbers 89233218CNA000001 and DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1549132.
A physics-informed generative convolutional neural network (CNN)-based 6D phase space diagnostic is presented which generates all 15 unique 2D projections (x,y), (x,y’),…, (z,E) of a charged particle beam’s 6D phase space (x,y,z,x’,y’,E)*. The CNN is trained by supervised learning over a wide range of input beam distributions, accelerator parameters, and the associated 6D beam phase spaces at multiple accelerator locations. The CNN is applied in an un-supervised adaptive manner without knowledge of the input beam distribution or accelerator parameters and is robust to their unknown time variation. Adaptive feedback automatically tunes the low-dimensional latent space of the encoder-decoder CNN to predict the 6D phase space based only on 2D (z,E) longitudinal phase space measurements from a device such as a transverse deflecting RF cavity (TCAV). This method has the potential to provide diagnostics beyond the existing state of the art at many accelerator facilities. Studies are presented for two very different accelerators: the 5-meter-long ultra-fast electron diffraction (UED) HiRES compact accelerator at LBNL and the kilometer long plasma wakefield accelerator FACET-II at SLAC.
*A. Scheinker. "Adaptive machine learning for time-varying systems: low dimensional latent space tuning." Journal of Instrumentation 16.10, 2021: P10008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/10/P10008

Slides TUOXGD3 [3.112 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXGD3

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Received ※ 21 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUIYGD3

FRIB Commissioning and Early Operations

MMI, linac, target, operation

802

J. Wei, H. Ao, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.-J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T. Glasmacher, J.-W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, P. Knudsen, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, Z. Li, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, J.T. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, H.T. Ren, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, A. Stolz, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, T. Xu, T. Xu, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
B. Arend, T.N. Ginter, E. Kwan, M.K. Smith, M. Steiner, O. Tarasov
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Facco
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
K. Hosoyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M.P. Kelly, Y. Momozaki
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
R.E. Laxdal
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
M. Wiseman
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project has completed technical construction in January 2022, five months ahead of schedule baselined about 10 years ago. Beam commissioning has been planned in seven phases starting from 2017 when the normal-conducting ion source and RFQ were commissioned. In April 2021, FRIB driver linac commissioning was completed with heavy ion beams being accelerated to energies above 200 MeV/u using 324 superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) resonators contained in 46 cryomodules. In preparation for high-power operations, a liquid lithium charge strip-per was used to strip uranium beam from average charge state of 33+ to 78+, and multiple charge states were accelerated simultaneously in the linac. By January 2022, FRIB target and fragment separator commissioning was completed with rare-isotope beams produced and identified. In May 2022, the first FRIB user scientific experiment was successfully conducted. This talk summarizes the FRIB accelerator project commissioning and early operations experience with discussions on strategic planning, operational envelope conformance, technical risk mitigation, and lessons learned.

Slides TUIYGD3 [23.483 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD3

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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TUPOST001

Parasitic Optimization of the Transfer Beamline Efficiency at ELSA

target, electron, synchrotron, injection

835

S. Witt, K. Desch, D. Elsner, D. Proft
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

The 3.2 GeV electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn consists of three acceleration stages each interconnected by tunable transfer beamlines. The steering of the electron beam through the transfer line from linear accelerator to the Booster Synchrotron is currently adjusted by hand, which limits a systematic improvement of the transfer efficiency. An automated optimization using the ‘‘simulated annealing’’ technique has been developed and integrated into the control system to improve the situation. It allows for a continuous optimization without interfering with usual beamtime for experiments by utilizing the 6s off-time in between injections into the stretcher ring. In a simulation using the actual accelerator’s settings as starting parameters, transmission rates have been increased significantly. The methods and results with the accelerator hardware are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST001

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOST007

New Generation of Very Low Noise Beam Position Measurement System for the LHC Transverse Feedback

pick-up, feedback, operation, injection

849

D. Valuch
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
V. Stopjakova
Slovak University of Technology (STU), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Recent studies showed that the transverse feedback system noise floor in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) must be reduced by at least factor of two in order to operate the machine with large beam-beam tune shift as foreseen in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC. Also, the future feedback system foreseen to suppress the LHC Crab Cavity noise relies on improved noise performance of the beam position measurement system. An upgrade program was launched to lower the LHC transverse feedback system noise floor during the LHC Long Shutdown II. A new generation, very low noise beam position measurement module was developed and tested with beam. Innovative methods in the RF receiver, digital signal processing, thorough optimization of every element in the signal chain from pickup to the kickers allowed to achieve a significant reduction of the system noise floor. This unprecedented noise performance opens also new possibilities for auxiliary instruments, using the position data from the transverse feedback. The paper presents the new system, notable implementation details and measured performance.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST007

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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TUPOST008

Digital Low-Level RF System for the CERN Linac3 Accelerator

cavity, linac, LLRF, operation

853

D. Valuch, R. Alemany-Fernández, Y. Brischetto, S.J. Faeroe, G. Piccinini, M.E. Soderen
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A major consolidation of the aging RF system of the CERN Linac3, the ion source for the whole CERN accelerator chain, started during the Long Shutdown II. The main changes were an upgrade of the analogue Low-Level RF system (LLRF) and replacement of the 350 kW tube amplifiers by a solid-state equivalent. The state-of-the-art digital LLRF system enabled new sophisticated features in field manipulations, significantly increased the operational flexibility and improved operational reliability and availability. The paper presents the new architecture, a low noise master clock generator, digital signal processing with direct sampling of the RF signals, pulse parameter measurement or cavity resonance control.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST008

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Received ※ 27 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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TUPOST009

Online Correction of Laser Focal Position Using FPGA-Based ML Models

laser, network, FPGA, electron

857

J.A. Einstein-Curtis, S.J. Coleman, N.M. Cook, J.P. Edelen
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
S.K. Barber, C.E. Berger, J. van Tilborg
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Numbers DE-SC 00259037 and DE-AC02-05CH11231.
High repetition-rate, ultrafast laser systems play a critical role in a host of modern scientific and industrial applications. We present a prototype diagnostic and correction scheme for controlling and determining laser focal position at 10 s of Hz rate by utilizing fast wavefront sensor measurements from multiple positions to train a focal position predictor. This predictor is used to determine corrections for actuators along the beamline to provide the desired correction to the focal position on millisecond timescales. Our initial proof-of-principle demonstrations leverage pre-compiled data and pre-trained networks operating ex-situ from the laser system. We then discuss the application of a high-level synthesis framework for generating a low-level hardware description of ML-based correction algorithms on FPGA hardware coupled directly to the beamline. Lastly, we consider the use of remote computing resources, such as the Sirepo scientific framework* , to actively update these correction schemes and deploy models to a production environment.
* M.S. Rakitin et al., "Sirepo: an open-source cloud-based software interface for X-ray source and optics simulations", Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, 1877-1892 (Nov 2018).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST009

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOST012

Sirius Storage Ring RF Plant Identification

LLRF, cavity, storage-ring, low-level-rf

865

D. Daminelli, F.K.G. Hoshino, A.P.B. Lima
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
M. Souza
UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

The design configuration of the Sirius Light Source RF System is based on two superconducting RF cavities and eight 65 kW solid-state amplifiers operating at 500 MHz. The current configuration, based on a 7-cell normal conducting PETRA cavity, was initially planned for commissioning and initial tests of the beamlines. A digital low-level RF (DLLRF) system based on ALBA topology has been operating since 2019. Sirius is currently operating in decay mode for beamline tests with 100 mA stored current. During the commissioning, several studies were carried out to increase the stored current with stable beam. This paper presents a study using parametric data-driven models to identify the Storage Ring RF plant, aiming to optimize the DLLRF PI control parameters.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST012

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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TUPOST013

Concept and Development of 65 kW Solid-State RF Amplifiers for Sirius

cavity, operation, storage-ring, synchrotron

868

M. Hoffmann Wallner, A.P.B. Lima
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
R.H.A. Farias
CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Sirius is a 4th generation synchrotron light source currently operating with 100 mA stored beam and one room temperature RF cavity driven by two 65 kW solid-state amplifiers (SSAs). After installation of the cryogenic plant, two superconducting (SC) RF cavities are planned to replace the room temperature cavity. Each SC cavity is going to be driven by a 250 kW RF signal at 500 MHz, resulting from the combination of four 65 kW RF SSAs. Due to the recent development of 900 W solid-state power amplifier modules, a new topology is proposed for the four amplifiers that still need to be constructed. For the amplifier’s combining stage, a cavity combiner with 80 input ports was simulated. For the dividing stage, 8-way and 10-way power splitters were designed. The general scheme of the amplifier is presented, as well as simulation and measurement results.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST013

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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TUPOST016

Status of LLRF and Resonance Control Dedicated Algorithms Extension for PolFEL

cavity, resonance, operation, FEL

880

W. Jalmuzna, W. Cichalewski, A. Napieralski, P.S. Sekalski
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland

PolFEL (POLish Free Electron Laser) is the new super-conducting based facility, which is under construction in Poland. It will provide a continuous electron beam with energy up to 160 MeV, which will be converted to light pulses with wavelengths as short as 150 nm. CW (Continuous Wave) operation of the superconducting linear accelerator with narrow bandwidth and high electromagnetic field gradient (presumably above 30 MV/m for single structure) creates new challenges while dealing with RF field stability, the influence of mechanical de-tuning of resonating structures and must take into account all limits induced by power amplifiers and cryo-system. The real-time control algorithm responsible for RF field, motor tuners, and piezo control must strictly interact with each other to provide the satisfactory performance of the whole facility. In addition, constant monitoring of such parameters as detuning, bandwidth, power margins of the amplifier, state of cavities must be done. The paper presents the current status of implementation of PolFEL’s LLRF Controller (extending GDR to other modes of operation as SEL, PLL) and Piezo Controller (both hardware and firmware layers).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST016

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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TUPOST017

PEG Contribution to the LLRF System for Superconducting Elliptical Cavities of ESS Accelerator Linac

LLRF, cavity, hardware, electron

884

W. Cichalewski, G.W. Jabłoński, K. Klys, D.R. Makowski, A. Mielczarek, A. Napieralski, P. Perek, P. Plewinski
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
A. Abramowicz, K. Czuba, M.G. Grzegrzółka, K. Oliwa, I. Rutkowski, W. Wierba
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
P.R. Bartoszek, K. Chmielewski, K. Kostrzewa, T. Kowalski, D. Rybka, M. Sitek, J. Szewiński, Z. Wojciechowski
NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland
M. Jensen
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A.J. Johansson, A.M. Svensson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden

The LLRF (Low-Level Radio Frequency) system optimizes energy transfer from the superconducting resonator to the accelerating beam. At ESS, one LLRF system regulates a single cavity. This digital system’s HW platform is the MTCA.4 standard. The system has been co-designed by ESS, Lund University, and the PEG (Polish Electronic Group) consortium. The PEG is also responsible for the system components design, evaluation, and production (like Local Oscillator Rear transition module, piezo tuner driver RTM, RTM carrier board, and others). The PEG delivers a HW/SW cavity simulator, an LLRF system test-stand, and provides necessary integration and installation services required for complete system preparation for the linac commissioning and operation phase. The paper summarizes the PEG work on the development and preparation of the LLRF systems for the ESS elliptical structures. The efforts concerning hardware and software components prototyping and evaluation are discussed. Moreover, we present the current status of the project, including components mass production, integration, and installation work.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST017

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 19 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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TUPOST018

Long Pulse Operation of the E-XFEL Cryomodule

cavity, operation, LLRF, FEL

888

W. Cichalewski
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
J.K. Sekutowicz
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The CW operation becomes more attractive mode of beam and RF operation, even for infrastructures initially developed as pulsed experiments. Compared to the short (single ms) pulse the CW or long pulse (LP) operation allows for a more relaxed bunch scheme and enables higher bunch quantities during the experiment run. The Long Pulse operation scenario is one of the possible EXFEL modes of work in the future. LLRF systems that work in CW (and LP) are in operation worldwide. Most of them are dedicated to single cavity control. The XFEL dedicated system is capable of multicavity cryomodules vector-sum operation. In such a configuration switching from short-pulse operation into long-pulse with the existing limitations from the allowed cryo heat load level, average input power per coupler (and others) can be extremely challenging. For this setup the support from the dynamic resonance control system is essential. This paper summarizes efforts towards the successful vector-sum operation of the X-FEL type cryomodule in the LP operation mode. Modifications to the original LLRF setup together with challenges of narrow bandwidth operation in moderate and high gradients are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST018

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOST019

Evaluation of PIP-II Master Oscillator Components

proton, linac, SRF, ISOL

892

I. Rutkowski, K. Czuba, A. Serlat
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
B.E. Chase, E. Cullerton
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: The paper was prepared by WUT and PIP-II, using the resources of Fermilab, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is a planned proton facility at Fermilab. The short- and long-term beam energy stabilization requirements necessitate using a high-quality Master Oscillator (MO). The consecutive sections of the Linac will operate at 162.5, 325, and 650 MHz. The phase relations between reference signals of harmonic frequencies should be kept constant, and the phase noise should be correlated in a wide bandwidth. The possibility of simultaneously meeting both requirements using popular frequency synthesis schemes is discussed. The ultra-low noise floor of the fundamental source is challenging for other devices in the phase reference distribution system. Therefore, the sensitivity to operating conditions, including impedance matching, input power level, and power supply voltage, must be considered. This paper presents a preliminary performance test of critical components selected for the PIP-II Master Oscillator system performed using a state-of-the-art phase noise analyzer.
The paper was prepared by WUT and PIP-II, using the resources of Fermilab, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST019

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOST021

The CERN SPS Low Level RF: The Beam-Control

cavity, LLRF, proton, hardware

895

A. Spierer, P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, G. Hagmann, P. Kuzmanović, I. Stachon, M. Sumiński, T. Włostowski
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) has been completely upgraded during the CERN long shutdown (LS2, 2019-2020). The old NIM and VME based, mainly analog system has been replaced with modern digital electronics implemented on a MicroTCA platform. The architecture has also been reviewed, with synchronization between RF stations now resting on the White Rabbit (WR) deterministic link. This paper is the first of a series of three on the SPS LLRF upgrade. It covers the Beam-Control part, that is responsible for the generation of the RF reference frequency from a measurement of the magnetic field, and beam phase and radial position. It broadcasts this frequency word to the RF stations, via a White Rabbit network. The paper presents the architecture, gives details on the signal processing, firmware, hardware and software. Finally, results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021).

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST021

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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TUPOST022

The CERN SPS Low Level RF: Lead Ions Acceleration

cavity, acceleration, injection, LLRF

899

P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, G. Hagmann, A. Spierer, T. Włostowski
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

This paper is the third of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF). Its focus is the upgrade concerned with the acceleration of Lead ions for injection into the LHC. Lead ions are far from relativistic at injection into the SPS. Therefore, the classic acceleration scheme at constant harmonic number (h=4620) does not work as the RF frequency swing does not fit within the cavity bandwidth. Fixed Frequency Acceleration (FFA) is therefore used. The upgraded LLRF uses a completely new implementation of the FFA, based on a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) implemented as an FPGA IP in the Controller of each cavity. In addition, the 2022 scheme for LHC ions filling calls for slip stacking of two families of bunches, 100 ns spacing, to generate a 50 ns spacing after interleaving. The paper presents the key components for FFA and ions slip stacking as implemented in the new system, together with successful first tests performed in Autumn 2021.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST022

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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TUPOST023

The CERN SPS Low level RF: The Cavity-Controller

cavity, LLRF, feedback, proton

903

G. Hagmann, P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, A. Spierer, M. Sumiński, T. Włostowski
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

This paper is the second of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) upgrade. It covers the 200MHz Cavity-Controller part, that is responsible for the regulation of the accelerating field in a single SPS cavity. When the SPS is used as Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proton injector, the issue is the high beam loading that must be compensated to guarantee longitudinal stability and constant parameters over the bunch train. That calls for strong One-Turn Delay Feedback (OTFB) and Feed-Forward (FFWD). The SPS is also accelerating Lead ions (Pb). There the issue is Frequency-Modulation (FM) and Amplitude-Modulation (AM) over the turn (so called Fixed Frequency Acceleration - FFA) plus RF gymnastics for the new ions slip-stacking. The paper reviews the functional requirements, presents the block diagram, then gives details on the signal processing, firmware and hardware. Finally results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST023

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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TUPOST024

A New Beam Loading Compensation and Blowup Control System Using Multi-Harmonic Digital Feedback Loops in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

cavity, feedback, LLRF, operation

907

D. Barrientos, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, J.C. Molendijk
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

As part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade, the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) has been upgraded with new wide-band Finemet cavities and a renovated Low-Level Radio Frequency system with digital cavity controllers implemented in FPGAs. Each controller synchronously receives the computed revolution frequency, used to generate 16 harmonic references. These are then used to IQ demodulate the voltage gap and modulate the 16 RF drive signals each controlled through a Cartesian feedback loop (with individual voltage and phase control). The sum of these digital drive signals is then sent to the cavities. In addition, a configurable blow-up system providing a sinusoidal or custom noise pattern can be used to excite the beam. An embedded network analyzer allows studying the stability of the feedback loops of the individual harmonics. The 16 harmonic feedback loops have been successfully operated during 2021, allowing to reduce the beam induced voltage and control the longitudinal emittance of the beam. In this paper we present the system architecture as well as the performance of the complete cavity controller during operation in the PSB.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST024

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Received ※ 23 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOST027

Machine Learning-Based Tuning of Control Parameters for LLRF System of Superconducting Cavities

cavity, LLRF, simulation, SRF

915

J.A. Diaz Cruz, S. Biedron
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
J.A. Diaz Cruz
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
R. Pirayesh
UNM-ME, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
S. Sosa
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

The multiple systems involved in the operation of particle accelerators use diverse control systems to reach the desired operating point for the machine. Each system needs to tune several control parameters to achieve the required performance. Traditional Low-Level RF (LLRF) systems are implemented as proportional-integral feedback loops, whose gains need to be optimized. In this paper, we explore Machine Learning (ML) as a tool to improve a traditional LLRF controller by tuning its gains using a Neural Network (NN). We present the data production scheme and a control parameter optimization using a NN. The NN training is performed using the THETA supercomputer.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST027

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Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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TUPOST029

Small Talk on AT

interface, factory, software, lattice

918

P. Schnizer, J. Bengtsson, W. Sulaiman Khail
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Tracy 3 ’ was implemented by the 3rd author by pursuing a first principles approach, aka Hamiltonian dynamics for an on-line modeel to guide the ALS and LBL comissioning in the early 1990s. with its origin as a Hamiltonian based pascal online model used 90 ’ is the core of today’s accelerator tool box. These Hamiltonians have not been changed. Soft- ware design has evolved since then: C++ and in particular its standardisation C++11 and C++2xa. In this paper we out- line our strategy of modernisation of tracy: reorganisation of the beam dynamics library in cleanly designed modules, using well proven open-source libraries (GSL, armadillo) and so on. Furthermore, Python and Matlab Interfaces based on modern tools are being pursued. We report on the in- terface design, the status of modernisation. This project has been renamed to thor-scsi-lib and is available at Github. Collaboration’s welcome.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST029

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOST031

Online Optimization of the Transfer Line from UNILAC towards SIS18 at GSI Using a Genetic Autotune Algorithm

simulation, experiment, injection, lattice

922

S. Reimann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
S. Reimann
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Due to the complexity of GSI’s accelerator facilities and it’s upcoming expansion FAIR, various methods for optimizing accelerator settings are currently being studied to increase efficiency and to minimize the need for manual intervention. Besides a necessary improvement of the accelerator models, a better reproducibility of settings and the development of feedback systems, also heuristic methods are in the focus of the investigation. This work presents the results, recently achieved in optimizing the transfer line from UNILAC to SIS18 using the Autotune algorithm.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST031

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUPOST033

A Python Framework for High-level Applications in Accelerator Operations

framework, operation, EPICS, interface

929

J.T.M Chriń, V. Erçağlar, T. Schietinger
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

A Python graphical framework providing reusable components to facilitate the development of accelerator applications, that meet the basic requirements of experts and operators alike, is presented. Such a collective approach serves to bridge the gap between the expert developer and the operational team, resulting in applications that are inherently cohesive, durable and easily navigable. The operational advantages and underlying principles are exemplified in a reference application that provides executable examples of customary practices, and further highlights several composite and control system-enabled widgets.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST033

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOST035

BOLINA, a Suite for High Level Beam Optimization: First Experimental Results on the Adige Injection Beamline of SPES

diagnostics, software, database, EPICS

933

V. Martinelli, L. Bellan, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, P. Francescon, A. Galatà, D. Marcato, G. Savarese
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

A high-level software BOLINA (Beam Orbit for LINear Accelerators) has been designed to fully characterise and automatically correct the ion beams trajectory, to help operators during the beam transport with an easily scalable suite for LINACs. Currently, the high-level software, interfaced with an EPICS control system, automatically manages accelerator devices to preserve the beam quality, including beam-based alignment and, if needed, dispersion-free steering software. The suite has been developed to satisfy and commutate the software easily on different machine, using interceptive /not interceptive diagnostics. The software was designed for ELI-np and now is under test at Legnaro National Laboratories of INFN using the installed accelerators complex. In particular, BOLINA has been successfully tested on the Adige Injector 1+ beamline of the SPES Project where the system response matrix is measured on interceptive beam diagnostic by varying both electrostatic and magnetic steerers. This paper describes results and strategies to reduce trajectory residuals close to the diagnostic resolutions and their effectiveness to prepare the commissioning of LINACs.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST035

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Received ※ 12 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOST042

Towards the Automatic Setup of Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up in the CERN SPS

simulation, emittance, target, interface

949

N. Bruchon, I. Karpov, N. Madysa, G. Papotti, D. Quartullo, C. Zisou
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
C. Zisou
AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece

Controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up in the CERN SPS is necessary to stabilize high-intensity beams for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) by increasing the synchrotron frequency spread. The process consists of injecting bandwidth-limited noise into the main RF phase loop to diffuse particles in the core of the bunch. The setting up of the noise parameters, such as frequency band and amplitude, is a non-trivial and time-consuming procedure that has been performed manually so far. In this preliminary study, several optimization methods are investigated to set up the noise parameters automatically. We apply the CERN Common Optimization Interfaces as a generic framework for the optimization algorithm. Single-bunch profiles generated with the BLonD simulation code have been used to investigate the optimization algorithms offline. Furthermore, analysis has been carried out on measured bunch profiles in the SPS to define the problem constraints and properly formulate the objective function.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST042

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUPOST046

Machine Learning Applied for the Calibration of the Hard X-Ray Single-Shot Spectrometer at the European XFEL

FEL, photon, laser, operation

965

C. Grech, M.W. Guetg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
G. Geloni
EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany

Single-crystal monochromators are used in free electron lasers for hard x-ray self-seeding, selecting a very narrow spectral range of the original SASE signal for further amplification. When rotating the crystal around the roll and pitch axes, one can exploit several symmetric and asymmetric reflections as established by Bragg’s law. This work describes the implementation of a machine learning classifier to identify the crystal indices corresponding to a given reflection, and eventually calculate the difference between the photon energy as measured by a single-shot spectrometer and the actual one. The image processing techniques to extract the properties of the crystal reflection are described, as well as how this information is used to calibrate two spectrometer parameters.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST046

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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TUPOST048

Development of a Virtual Diagnostic for Estimating Key Beam Descriptors

simulation, diagnostics, MEBT, real-time

969

K.R.L. Baker, I.D. Finch, S.R. Lawrie, A.A. Saoulis
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S. Basak, J. Cha, J. Thiyagalingam
STFC/RAL/SCD, Didcot, United Kingdom

Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), U.K. Research and Innovation (UKRI)
Real-time beam descriptive data such as emittance, envelope and loss, are central to accelerator operations, including online diagnostics, maintenance and beam quality control. However, these cannot always be obtained without disrupting user runs. Physics-based simulations, such as particle tracking codes, can be leveraged to provide estimates of these beam descriptors. However, such simulation-based methods are computationally intensive requiring access to high performance computing facilities, and hence, they are often non-realistic for real-time purposes. The proposed work explores the feasibility of using machine learning to replace these simulations with fast-executing inference models based on surrogate modelling. The approach is intended to provide the operators with estimates of key beam properties in real time. Bayesian optimisation is used to generate a synthetic dataset to ensure the input space is efficiently sampled and representative of operating conditions. This is used to train a surrogate model to predict beam envelope, emittance and loss. The methodology is applied to the ISIS MEBT as a case study to evaluate the performance of the surrogate model.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST048

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Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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TUPOST053

Beam Tuning at the FRIB Front End Using Machine Learning

simulation, operation, rfq, status

983

K. Hwang, K. Fukushima, T. Maruta, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University produced and identified the first rare isotopes demonstrating the key performance parameter and completion of the project. An important next step toward FRIB user operation includes fast tuning of the Front End (FE) decision parameters to maintain optimal beam optics. The FE consists of the ion source, charge selection system, LEBT, RFQ, and MEBT. The strong coupling of many ion source parameters, strong space-charge effects in multi-component ion beams, and a not well-known neutralization factor in the beamline from the ion source to the charge selection system make the FE modeling difficult. In this paper, we present our first effort toward the Machine Learning (ML) application for automatic control of the beam exiting the FE.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST053

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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TUPOST054

Experiment of Bayesian Optimization for Trajectory Alignment at Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooler

electron, experiment, alignment, collider

987

Y. Gao, K.A. Brown, X. Gu, J. Morris, S. Seletskiy
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
J.A. Crittenden, G.H. Hoffstaetter, W. Lin
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams.
As the world’s first electron cooler that uses radio frequency (rf) accelerated electron bunches, the low energy RHIC electron cooling (LEReC) system is a nonmagnetized cooler of ion beams in RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Beam dynamics in LEReC are different from the more conventional electron coolers due to the bunching of the electron beam. To ensure an efficient cooling performance at LEReC, many parameters need to be monitored and fine-tuned. The alignment of the electron and ion trajectories in the LEReC cooling sections is one of the most critical parameters. This work explores using a machine learning (ML) method - Bayesian Optimization (BO) to optimize the trajectories’ alignment. Experimental results demonstrate that ML methods such as BO can perform control tasks efficiently in the RHIC controls system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST054

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Received ※ 04 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOST055

Toward Machine Learning-Based Adaptive Control and Global Feedback for Compact Accelerators

feedback, diagnostics, electron, quadrupole

991

F.W. Cropp V, P. Musumeci
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
D. Filippetto, A. Gilardi, S. Paiagua, D. Wang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
A. Scheinker
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program, by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, … continued
The HiRES beamline at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (USA) is a state-of-the-art compact accelerator providing ultrafast relativistic electron pulses at MHz repetition rates, for applications in ultrafast science and for particle accelerator science and technology R&D. Using HiRES as testbed, we seek to apply recent developments in machine learning and computational techniques for machine-learning-based adaptive control, and eventually, a full control system based on global feedback. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate the benefits of such a suite of controls to UED, including increased temporal and spatial resolution. Concrete steps toward these goals are presented, including automatic, model-independent tuning for accelerators, and energy virtual diagnostics with direct application to improving UED temporal resolution.
… [continued from below] by the DOE Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under contract number 89233218CNA000001 and DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1549132.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST055

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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TUPOST056

Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization at SLAC MeV-UED

electron, gun, detector, timing

995

F. Ji, A.L. Edelen, R.J. England, P.L. Kramer, D. Luo, C.E. Mayes, M.P. Minitti, S.A. Miskovich, M. Mo, A.H. Reid, R.J. Roussel, X. Shen, X.J. Wang, S.P. Weathersby
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

SLAC MeV-UED, part of the LCLS user facility, is a powerful ’electron camera’ for the study of ultrafast molecular structural dynamics and the coupling of electronic and atomic motions in a variety of material and chemical systems. The growing demand of scientific applications calls for rapid switching between different beamline configurations for delivering electron beams meeting specific user run requirements, necessitating fast online tuning strategies to reduce set up time. Here, we utilize multi-objective Bayesian optimization(MOBO) for fast searching the parameter space efficiently in a serialized manner, and mapping out the Pareto Front which gives the trade-offs between key beam parameters, i.e., spot size, q-resolution, pulse length, pulse charge, etc. Algorithm, model deployment and first test results will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST056

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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TUPOST058

Badger: The Missing Optimizer in ACR

interface, GUI, operation, framework

999

Z. Zhang, A.L. Edelen, J.R. Garrahan, C.E. Mayes, S.A. Miskovich, D.F. Ratner, R.J. Roussel, J. Shtalenkova
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
M. Böse, S. Tomin
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Y. Hidaka, G.M. Wang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Badger is an optimizer specifically designed for Accelerator Control Room (ACR). It’s the spiritual successor of Ocelot optimizer. Badger abstracts an optimization run as an optimization algorithm interacts with an environment, by following some pre-defined rules. The environment is controlled by the algorithm and tunes/observes the control system/machine through an interface, while the users control/monitor the optimization flow through a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command line interface (CLI). This paper would introduce the design principles and applications of Badger.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST058

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUPOPT026

Design and Status of Fast Orbit Feedback System at SOLARIS

feedback, storage-ring, power-supply, hardware

1059

G.W. Kowalski, K. Gula, R. Panaś, A.I. Wawrzyniak, J.J. Wiechecki
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland

SOLARIS storage ring has been built with basic set of diagnostic and feedback systems. FOFB system, as much more advanced and not as critical for startup was envisioned as later addition to the design. Now, we are in the process of implementing this addition. The system’s workhorse is Instrumentation Technologies Libera Brilliance⁺ with its Fast Acquisition data path and customizable FPGA modules. Feedback algorithm running in hardware provides fast calculations and direct communication with fast power supplies. The hardware installation is almost finished with configuration and software works running in parallel. First measurements of response matrix and proof-of-concept tests were performed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT026

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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TUPOPT036

Two and Multiple Bunches with the LCLS Copper Linac

laser, timing, undulator, electron

1089

F.-J. Decker, W.S. Colocho, A. Halavanau, A.A. Lutman, J.P. MacArthur, G. Marcus, R.A. Margraf, J.C. Sheppard, J.J. Turner, S. Vetter
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Two, four, and even eight bunches were accelerated through the copper linac. Two and four bunches were delivered successfully to photon experiments in both the hard (HXR) and soft (SXR) LCLS x-ray lines. In this paper we will concentrate on the more challenging issues, such as: the BPM deconvolution for both bunches, RF kicks at longer separations, tuning challenges, bridging the communications gap between the photon and electron side, the lower bunch charges for the eight bunch case, and rapid timing scans over several ns. We will describe some of the developed solutions and plans for the rest.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT036

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOPT057

Using Surrogate Models to Assist Accelerator Tuning at ISIS

simulation, synchrotron, operation, injection

1133

A.A. Saoulis, K.R.L. Baker, H.V. Cavanagh, R.E. Williamson
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S. Basak, J. Cha, J. Thiyagalingam
STFC/RAL/SCD, Didcot, United Kingdom

Funding: STFC and UKRI
High intensity hadron accelerator performance is often dominated by the need to minimise and control beam losses. Operator efforts to tune the machine during live operation are often restricted to local parameter space searches, while existing physics-based simulations are generally too computationally expensive to aid tuning in real-time. To this end, Machine Learning-based surrogate models can be trained on data produced by physics-based simulations, and serve to produce fast, accurate predictions of key beam properties, such as beam phase and bunch shape over time. These models can be used as a virtual diagnostic tool to explore the parameter space of the accelerator in real-time, without making changes on the live machine. At the ISIS Neutron and Muon source, major beam losses in the synchrotron are caused by injection and longitudinal trapping processes, as well as high intensity effects. This paper describes the training and inference performance of a neural network surrogate model of the longitudinal beam dynamics in the ISIS synchrotron, from injection at 70 MeV to 800 MeV extraction, and evaluates the model’s ability to assist accelerator tuning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT057

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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TUPOPT058

A Machine Learning Approach to Electron Orbit Control at the 1.5 GeV Synchrotron Light Source DELTA

storage-ring, network, synchrotron, electron

1137

D. Schirmer
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

Machine learning (ML) methods have found their application in a wide range of particle accelerator control tasks. Among other possible use cases, neural networks (NNs) can also be utilized for automated beam position control (orbit correction). ML studies on this topic, which were initially based on simulations, were successfully transferred to real accelerator operation at the 1.5-GeV electron storage ring of the DELTA accelerator facility. For this purpose, classical fully connected multi-layer feed-forward NNs were trained by supervised learning on measured orbit data to apply local and global beam position corrections. The supervised NN training was carried out with various conjugate gradient backpropagation learning algorithms. Afterwards, the ML-based orbit correction performance was compared with a conventional, numerical-based computing method. Here, the ML-based approach showed a competitive orbit correction quality in a fewer number of correction steps.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT058

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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TUPOPT059

Machine Learning Methods for Chromaticity Control at the 1.5 GeV Synchrotron Light Source DELTA

sextupole, storage-ring, synchrotron, experiment

1141

D. Schirmer, A. Althaus, T. Schüngel
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

In the past, the chromaticity values at the DELTA electron storage ring were manually adjusted using 15 individual sextupole power supply circuits, which are combined into 7 magnet families. To automate and optimize the time-consuming setting process, various machine learning (ML) approaches were investigated. For this purpose, simulations were first performed using a storage ring model and the performance of different neural network (NN) based models was compared. Subsequently, the neural networks were trained with experimental data and successfully implemented for chromaticity correction in real accelerator operation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT059

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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TUPOPT060

EPICS-Based Telegram Integration for Control and Alarm Handling at TEX Facility

EPICS, framework, status, operation

1145

S. Pioli, D. Moriggi
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
F. Cardelli, P. Ciuffetti, C. Di Giulio
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy

We report the status of the development of an High Power RF Laboratory in X-Band called TEX (TEst-stand for X-Band). TEX is part of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) initiative that is ongoing at the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) that covers many different areas focused on particle accelerator technologies. TEX is a RF test facility based on solid-state K400 modulator from ScandiNova with a 50 MW class X-band (11.994 GHz) klystron tube model VKX8311A operating at 50 Hz. TeXbot is a Telegram bot used to notify in asynchronous way event at TEX. The application has been realized making use of framework such as telepot and pysmlib, to interface with Telegram and with EPICS environment respectively. The bot make able the user to subscribe to multiple topic in order to be automatically notified in case of different set up of the machine or when an interlock occurs on a single component. Furthermore the user can request detailed information about subsystem of the accelerator by simply make use of special commands and token in Telegram app.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT060

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Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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TUPOPT061

Status and Commissioning of the First X-Band RF Source of the TEX Facility

klystron, GUI, MMI, LLRF

1148

F. Cardelli, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, M. Ceccarelli, C. Di Giulio, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, L. Piersanti, L. Sabbatini
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
B. Buonomo, G. Catuscelli, R. Ceccarelli, A. Cecchinelli, R. Clementi, E. Di Pasquale, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, G. Piermarini, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L.A. Rossi, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, S. Strabioli, S. Tocci, R. Zarlenga
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy

In 2021 started the commissioning of the TEX (Test stand for X-band) facility at the Frascati National laboratories of INFN. This facility has been founded in the framework of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) project. The current facility layout includes an high power X-band (11.994 GHz) RF source, realized in collaboration with CERN, which will be used for validation and development of the X-band RF high gradient technology in view of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project. The RF source is based on a CPI VKX8311 Klystron and a solid state ScandiNova k400 modulator to generate a maximum RF output power of 50 MW at 50 Hz, that will be mainly used for accelerating structure conditioning and waveguide components testing. In this paper the layout, the installation, commissioning and stability measurements of this source are described in detail. The test stand will be soon operative and ready to test the first X-band accelerating structure prototype.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT061

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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TUPOPT063

Vsystem to EPICS Control System Transition at the ISIS Accelerators

EPICS, interface, hardware, software

1156

I.D. Finch, B.R. Aljamal, K.R.L. Baker, R. Brodie, J.-L. Fernández-Hernando, G.D. Howells, M.F. Leputa, S.A. Medley, A.A. Saoulis
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
A. Kurup
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is a pulsed source used for research in material and life sciences. A linac and synchrotron accelerate protons to produce neutrons in two spallation targets. The accelerators are currently operated using commercial Vsystem control software. A transition to the EPICS control system is underway, with the end goal of a containerised system preferring the pvAccess protocol. We report the progress of this transition, which is being done without disrupting ISIS operations. We describe a bidirectional interface between Vsystem and EPICS that enables the two control systems to co-exist and interact. This allows us to decouple the transition of controls UI from the associated hardware. Automated conversion of the binary-format Vsystem control screens has been developed that replicates the current interface in EPICS, allowing minimal retraining of operators. We also outline the development of EPICS interfaces to standard and unique-to-ISIS hardware, reuse of and managing continuity of existing long-term data archiving, the development of EPICS interfaces to standard and unique-to-ISIS hardware, and migration of alerts.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT063

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Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOPT067

Development of a Trigger Distribution System Based on MicroTCA.4

timing, electron, FPGA, electronics

1171

H. Maesaka, N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, E. Iwai, T. Ohshima
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, E. Iwai, H. Maesaka, T. Ohshima
JASRI, Hyogo, Japan

We developed a MicroTCA.4 (MTCA.4) module to generate and distribute trigger timing signals. This module has 16 LVDS inputs and 16 LVDS outputs each on the front panel and the Zone 3 connector, and 8 M-LVDS I/O’s for MTCA.4 backplane. The trigger timing of each output can be precisely adjusted with the interval of 238 MHz or 509 MHz clocks by a 24-bit counter. The timing can also be fine-tuned by ~80 ps tap delay. This module has additional 5 optical transceivers, one for receiving trigger signals from upstream and four for fanouts to downstream. A master module distributes trigger signals, trigger counts, and event data through optical links. Slave modules generate trigger output signals with appropriate delays based on the event data and the local setting for each output channel. The timing jitter was measured to be 40 ps std, which is significantly smaller than the clock period of 238 MHz or 509 MHz. This system can also distribute an alarm signal received by a slave module to take data at a faulty situation. Trigger systems with this module have been utilized in SPring-8, SACLA, and NewSUBARU and stably synchronize various accelerator components with sufficient timing accuracy.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT067

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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TUPOPT068

Transverse and Longitudinal Modulation of Photoinjection Pulses at FLUTE

laser, electron, injection, cathode

1174

M. Nabinger, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, C. Sax, J. Schäfer, C. Widmann, C. Xu
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Funding: Supported by the Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology" (KSETA).
To generate the electrons to be accelerated, a photoinjection laser is used at the linac-based test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test Experiment) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The properties of the laser pulse, such as intensity, laser spot size or temporal profile, are the first parameters to influence the characteristics of the electron bunches. In order to control the initial parameters of the electrons in the most flexible way possible, the laser optics at FLUTE are therefore supplemented by additional setups that allow transverse and longitudinal laser pulse shaping by using so-called Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs). In the future, the control of the SLMs will be integrated into a Machine Learning (ML) supported feedback system for the optimization of the electron bunch properties. In this contribution the first test experiments and results on laser pulse shaping at FLUTE on the way to this project are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT068

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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TUPOPT069

Preparation and Characterization of BTO-BFO Multiferroic Ceramics as Electrical Controllable Fast Phase Shifting Component

experiment, factory, site, radiation

1178

N.W. Martirosyan, A. Grigoryan, Kh.Gh. Kirakosyan, V. Sahakyan, A. Sargsyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
A. Grigoryan
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
G.S. Karoyan, R.H. Khazaryan, M.M. Mkrtchian, T. Vandunts
NPUA, Yerevan, Armenia

A rich variety of dielectric, optical, acoustic/piezoelectric, ferromagnetic properties of ferroelectric and multiferroic composite materials open a new perspective for the development of modern accelerators with new principle of electron acceleration and control system. These properties may be controlled by external electric fields. In particular, the production of electric field controlling ultrafast facilities for 0.7-20 GHz RF phase shifting and amplitude modulation where a very short response time of <10 nsec is required . A Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technology for obtaining ceramic materials, based on (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 compositions with various dopant (MgO, MnO, etc.), has been developed. The general parameters of the SHS process (temperature and propagation velocity of the combustion front) are measured. The dependences of microstructure (grain size, density, and porosity), as well as electro physical properties of the sintered samples on compaction and sintering thermodynamic variables, such as the pressing pressure and duration, sintering temperature, sintering duration and atmosphere, heating and cooling rates, are experimentally investigated.
* https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010066
** Appl. Phys. Let., V.101, p. 232903-5, 2012
*** A. Kanareykin & et al. FERROELECTRIC BASED HIGH POWER TUNER FOR L-BAND ACCELERATOR APPLICATIONS. IPAC2013

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT069

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022

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TUPOPT070

Surrogate Modelling of the FLUTE Low-Energy Section

simulation, network, gun, electron

1182

C. Xu, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller, A. Santamaria Garcia, J. Schäfer
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: Supported by the Helmholtz Association (Autonomous Accelerator, ZT-I-PF-5-6) and the DFG-funded Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology".
Numerical beam dynamics simulations are essential tools in the study and design of particle accelerators, but they can be prohibitively slow for online prediction during operation or for systematic evaluations of new parameter settings. Machine learning-based surrogate models of the accelerator provide much faster predictions of the beam properties and can serve as a virtual diagnostic or to augment data for reinforcement learning training. In this paper, we present the first results on training a surrogate model for the low-energy section at the Ferninfrarot Linac- und Test-Experiment (FLUTE).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT070

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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TUPOTK006

Systematic Investigation of Flux Trapping Dynamics in Niobium Samples

cavity, experiment, SRF, niobium

1200

F. Kramer, S. Keckert, S. Keckert, J. Knobloch, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler
BESSY GmbH, Berlin, Germany
J. Knobloch
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

Trapped magnetic flux in superconducting cavities can significantly increase surface resistance, and, thereby, limits the cavities’ performance. To reduce trapped flux in cavities, a better understanding of the fundamental mechanism of flux trapping is vital. We develop a new experimental design: measuring magnetic flux density at 15 points just above a niobium sheet of dimensions (100 x 60 x 3) mm with a time resolution of up to 2 ms and a flux resolution better than 0.5 µT. This setup allows us to control the temperature gradient and cooldown rate, both independently of each other, as well as the magnitude and direction of an external magnetic field. We present data gathered on a large-grain sample as well as on a fine-grain sample. Our data suggests that not only the temperature gradient but also the cooldown rate affects trapped flux. Additionally, we detect a non-trivial relationship between trapped flux and magnitude of applied field.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK006

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOTK022

INFN-LASA for the Fermilab PIP-II

cavity, SRF, linac, site

1249

R. Paparella, M. Bertucci, M. Bonezzi, A. Bosotti, D. Cardelli, A. D’Ambros, E. Del Core, A.T. Grimaldi, L. Monaco, D. Sertore, G.M. Zaggia
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
C. Pagani
Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy

The status of INFN-LASA contribution to the PIP-II project at Fermilab is reported in this paper. Experimental results and ongoing activities on prototypes are summarized together with the development of related testing infrastructures. The series production of the 38 5-cell, beta 0.61 cavities designed by INFN-LASA for the LB650 section of the PIP-II linac recently commenced, the status of major procurements and associated activities is here below presented. All cavities will be produced and surface treated in industry to reach the unprecedented performances required, qualified through vertical cold test at qualified infrastructures and delivered as linac-ready at the string assembly site.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK022

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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TUPOTK023

Study on Commercial Diodes as Thermometers at Low Temperature for Temperature Mapping System of Nb3sn Superconducting Radiofrequency Cavities

experiment, cavity, SRF, laser

1252

R. Wanison, K. Umemori, T. Yamada
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Takahashi
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Wanison
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Nb₃Sn Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities has been researched and developed at Center for Applied Superconducting Accelerator (CASA), KEK. One of effec-tive tools for research on the performance of SRF cavities is a temperature mapping (T-map) system for detecting small increases in temperature. It is a thermometer array positioned precisely on an outer surface of cavity wall. Thermometer should cover at least from the range of typi-cal operating temperature of 4 K to the transition tempera-ture of 18 K, for the Nb₃Sn SRF cavities. Therefore, car-bon resistor can not be used as a cheap thermometer due to low sensitivity at this temperature range. In this pro-ceeding, we report the results of the test for various com-mercially available diodes as a thermometer for T-map system. The sensitivity, stability and the repeatability are measured, cooled by a GM cryocooler.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK023

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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TUPOTK029

Open XAL Status Report 2022

cavity, linac, status, emittance

1271

A.P. Zhukov, A.M. Hoover, A.P. Shishlo
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
J.F. Esteban Müller, E. Laface, Y. Levinsen, N. Milas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The Open XAL accelerator physics software platform has been developed through international collaboration among several facilities since 2010. The goal of the collaboration is to establish Open XAL as a multi-purpose software platform supporting a broad range of tool and application development in accelerator physics and high-level control (Open XAL also ships with a suite of general-purpose accelerator applications). This paper discusses progress in beam dynamics simulation and updated application framework along with new generic accelerator physics applications. We present the status of the project at each participating facility and a roadmap for continued development.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK029

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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TUPOTK031

A First 6 GHz Cavity Deposition with B1 Superconducting Thin Film at ASTeC

cavity, SRF, target, site

1279

R. Valizadeh, A.N. Hannah, O.B. Malyshev
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
E. Chyhyrynets, V.A. Garcia Diaz, C. Pira
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
V.R. Dhanak
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
O.B. Malyshev
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G.B.G. Stenning
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Nb₃Sn, NbTiN and NbN are superconductors with critical temperatures of 18.3, 12.6-17 and 11.6-17.5 K, respectively, these are higher than that of Nb at 9.3 K. Hence, at 4 K, they have an RF resistance, an order of magnitude lower than that of Nb, which leads to quality factors above those of Nb. In recent years, there has been an extensive effort converting Nb cavities into Nb₃Sn. Alloying the top inner layer of the cavity using Sn diffusion at a high temperature has had some degree of success, however, the reproducibility remains a major hindering and limiting factor. In this study, we report on the PVD deposition of NbTiN inside a 6 GHz cavity, using an external magnetic coil configuration. The deposition is done at an elevated temperature of about 650 C. We report on the superconducting properties, film structure and its stoichiometry and surface chemical state. The films have been characterised with SEM, XRD, XPS, EDS and SQUID magnetometer.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK031

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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TUPOTK042

Challenges to Reliable Production Nitrogen Doping of Nb for SRF Accelerating Cavities

cavity, niobium, SRF, vacuum

1311

C.E. Reece, M.J. Kelley, E.M. Lechner, A.D. Palczewski
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J.W. Angle, M.J. Kelley
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
F.A. Stevie
NCSU AIF, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

Funding: This work was authored by JSA LLC under U.S. DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. DOE Early Career Award to A. Palczewski, with supplemental support from DOE BES via the LCLS-II HE R&D program. J. Angle’s support was from the Office of High Energy Physics, under grant DE-SC-0014475 to Virginia Tech.
Over the last several years, alloying of the surface layer of niobium SRF cavities has been demonstrated to beneficially lower the superconducting RF surface resistance. Nitrogen, titanium, and oxygen have all been demonstrated as effective alloying agents, occupying interstitial sites in the niobium lattice within the RF penetration depth and even deeper, when allowed to thermally diffuse into the surface at appropriate temperatures. The use of nitrogen for this function has been often termed ’nitrogen doping’ and is being applied in the LCLS-II and LCLS-II HE projects. We report characterization studies of the distribution of nitrogen into the exposed niobium surface and how such distribution is affected by the quality of the vacuum furnace environment in which the doping takes place, and the complexity of nitride crystal growth on different grain orientations of surface niobium. Using state-of-the-art quantification methods by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling in niobium, we identify several phenomena involving furnace-sourced contamination. We also highlight a potential issue with N₂ flow constraints from the flange ’caps’ used during heat treatments.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK042

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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TUPOTK049

Upgrade of ELSA’s Booster Synchrotron RF with a Solid State Power Amplifier

synchrotron, booster, operation, cavity

1327

M.T. Switka, K. Desch, D. Elsner, F. Frommberger, P. Hänisch
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

The 1.6 GeV booster synchrotron of the ELSA facility at the University of Bonn uses a DESY-type RF resonator which has been driven by a conventional klystron amplifier since its early days in 1967. The setup was modified to serve the ELSA stretcher ring as booster synchrotron in 1987, but the RF infrastructure was barely altered. As repairs of the reliable, but antiquated RF source became foreseeingly impossible due to the lack of spare part availability, the replacement of the klystron amplifier chain in favour of a state-of-the-art solid state amplifier was carried out. We describe the replacement and the operation experience with the new RF power amplifier.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK049

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUPOTK050

Development of Zynq SoC-Based EPICS IOC for KOMAC Remote Control System

EPICS, Linux, linac, FPGA

1330

Y.G. Song, S.Y. Cho, J.H. Kim, S.P. Yun
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT)
The KOMAC proton accelerator consists of a 100 MeV linear accelerator and beam lines for beam services. Devices of various form factors are used as control systems in accelerator control systems and beam diagnosis systems. With the recent upgrade of the control system, a Zynq-based control system has been developed that enables the latest technology and low cost. The Zynq-based DAQ system was developed by adopting Digilent’s Zybo z7 series board and AD7605 analog-to-digital data acquisition system. The Zybo z7 is an embedded software and digital circuit development board built around the Xilinx Zynq-7000 family. The Zynq is based on Xilinx All Programmable System-on-Chip (AP SoC) architecture, which tightly integrates a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processor with Xilinx7-series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic. The AD7605 is a 4-channel and 16bit ADC with 300 kSPS on all channels. The Zynq SoC-based DAQ system will be used for beam feedback control and RF signal monitoring at KOMAC. This paper introduces the development of configurations for the development of Zynq-based control systems, programmable Logic (PL) builds, and Linux and EPICS porting.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK050

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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TUPOTK051

Design Studies on a High-Power Wide-Band RF Combiner for Consolidation of the Driver Amplifier of the J-PARC RCS

simulation, synchrotron, proton, acceleration

1333

H. Okita, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M.M. Paoluzzi
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A power upgrade of the existing 8 kW solid-state driver amplifier is required for the acceleration of high intensity proton beams in the J-PARC 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The development of a 25 kW amplifier with gallium nitride (GaN) HEMTs and based on 6.4 kW modules is ongoing. The combiner is a key component to achieve such a high output power over the wide bandwidth required for multi-harmonic rf operation. This paper presents a preliminary design of the combiner. The circuit simulation setup and results, including the realistic magnetic core characteristics and frequency response of the cables are reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK051

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022

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TUPOTK052

Influence of a Positive Grid Biasing on RF System in J-PARC RCS

acceleration, power-supply, operation, vacuum

1336

M. Yamamoto, M. Nomura, H. Okita, T. Shimada, F. Tamura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

In order to accelerate a high intensity beam in the RCS, a large amplitude of the anode current is provided by a tube amplifier to compensate a heavy beam loading. Tetrode vacuum tubes are used in the RCS, and the control grid voltage enters into a positive region to feed such a large current. The positive grid biasing affects the waveform of the control grid voltage; it is deformed due to the induced control grid current under the condition of the multi-harmonic rf driving. Furthermore, the DC bias voltage drop on the control grid is observed because of the exceeding the ability for the control grid power supply. We describe the influence of the positive grid biasing in the RCS.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK052

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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TUPOTK055

One Year of Operation of the New Wideband RF System of the Proton Synchrotron Booster

MMI, operation, network, cavity

1344

G.G. Gnemmi, S. Energico, M. Haase, M.M. Paoluzzi, C. Rossi
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Within the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the PS Booster(PSB) has been upgraded. Both the injection (160 MeV) and extraction (2 GeV) energies have been increased, bringing also changes in the injection beam revolution frequency, the maximum revolution frequency, and the beam intensity. To meet the requirements of the High Luminosity LHC a new RF system has been designed, based on the wideband frequency characteristics of Finemet® Magnetic Alloy and solid-state amplifiers. The wideband frequency response (1 MHz to 18 MHz) covers all the required frequency schemes in the PSB, allowing multi-harmonics operation. The system is based on a cellular configuration in which each cell provides a fraction of the total RF voltage. The new RF system has been installed in 3 locations replacing the old systems. The installation has been performed during 2019/2020, while the commissioning started later in 2020 and relevant results for the physics have been already observed. This paper describes the new RF chain, the results achieved and the issues that occurred during this year of operation, together with the changes made to the system to improve performance and reliability.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK055

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOTK057

Innovative Magnetron Power Sources for Superconducting RF (SRF) Accelerators

SRF, cavity, operation, injection

1348

M.L. Neubauer, R.P. Johnson, R.R. Lentz, M. Popovic, T. Wynn
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by DOE SBIR grant # DE-SC0022484
A magnetron suitable for 1497 MHz klystron replacements at Jefferson Lab will be constructed and tested with our novel patented subcritical voltage operation methods to drive an SRF cavity. The critical areas of magnetron manufacturing and design affecting life-cycle costs that will be modeled for improvement include: Q_ext, filaments, magnetic field, vane design, and novel control of outgassing. The most immediate benefit of this project is to make SRF accelerator projects more affordable for NP and other users of SRF Linacs. One of the most attractive commercial applications for SRF accelerators is to drive subcritical nuclear reactors to burn Light Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (LWR SNF). A 1 GeV proton beam hitting an internal uranium spallation neutron target can produce over 30 neutrons for each incident proton to allow the reactor to operate far below criticality to generate electricity or process heat while reducing high-level waste disposal costs. This commercial application has the additional attribute of addressing climate change.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK057

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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TUPOMS015

Proposal of a Girder Realignment Test in PETRA III

alignment, storage-ring, experiment, vacuum

1435

M. Schaumann, I.V. Agapov, R. Bartolini, M. Bieler, R. Böspflug, D. Einfeld, M.G. Hoffmann, J. Keil, L. Liao, G. Priebe, M. Schlösser, R. Wanzenberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

PETRA IV can benefit from the fine control of the girders that carry the storage ring elements to achieve the design beam performance. Based on the corrector magnet strength pattern it is desired to realign girders to stay within the alignment tolerances. In the current PETRA III configuration, the girders in the Max von Laue Hall are equipped for remote alignment, however, those have not been moved since their initial installation and the alignment system is currently not connected to the control system. In preparation for PETRA IV, a movement test of one of the PETRA III girders should confirm the ability to safely and precisely remote control the equipment based on an optics model that describes the effect of the girder movement on the orbit. This paper studies the feasibility of this test and prepares an initial mock-up experiment to be performed on a spare girder.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS015

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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TUPOMS016

A Pipeline for Orchestrating Machine Learning and Controls Applications

simulation, software, operation, framework

1439

I.V. Agapov, M. Böse, L. Malina
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Machine learning and artificial intelligence are becoming widespread paradigms in control of complex processes. Operation of accelerator facilities is not an exception, with a number of advances having happened over the last years. In the domain of intelligent control of accelerator facilities, the research has mostly been focused on feasibility demonstration of ML-based agents, or application of ML-based agents to a well-defined problem such as parameter tuning. The main challenge on the way to a more holistic AI-based operation, in our opinion, is of engineering nature and is related to the need of significant reduction of the amount of human intervention. The areas where such intervention is still significant are: training and tuning of ML models; scheduling and orchestrating of multiple intelligent agents; data stream handling; configuration management; and software testing and verification requiring advanced simulation environment. We have developed a software framework which attempts to address all these issues. The design and implementation of this system will be presented, together with application examples for the PETRA III storage ring.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS016

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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TUPOMS040

Characterization of Higher-Order-Modes (HOM) in THOMX Storage Ring RF Cavity

HOM, cavity, storage-ring, impedance

1513

M. El Khaldi, J-N. Cayla, H. Monard
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
M. Diop, F. Ribeiro
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The RF system of the ThomX storage ring consists in a 500 MHz single cell copper cavity of the ELETTRA type, powered with a 50 kW CW solid state amplifier, and the associated Low-Level RF feedback and control loops. The low operating energy of 50-100 MeV makes the impedances of the cavity higher order modes (HOMs) particularly critical for the beam stability. Their parasitic effects on the beam can be cured by HOM frequency shifting techniques, based on a fine temperature tuning and a dedicated adjustable plunger. A cavity temperature stability of ± 0.1 °C within a range from 30 up to 70 °C is achieved by a precise control of its water-cooling temperature. On the other hand, the tuning of the cavity fundamental mode is achieved by changing its axial length by means of a mechanical tuner. In order to insure a fine control of the HOM frequencies, a good knowledge of their characteristics is mandatory. The main parameters of the fundamental and of the HOMs up to 2.2 GHz versus temperature have been measured at low power using a vector network analyzer (VNA).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS040

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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TUPOMS049

Digital LLRF for the Canadian Light Source

cavity, LLRF, booster, operation

1538

P. Solans, F. Pérez, A. Salom
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
D.R. Beauregard, C.J. Boyle, J.M. Patel, H. Shaker, J. Stampe
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

The Canadian Light Source, at the University of Saskatchewan, is a 3rd generation synchrotron light source located in the city of Saskatoon, Canada. The facility comprises a 250 MeV LINAC, a full energy booster and a 2.9 GeV storage ring. The radiofrequency system in the booster consist of two 5-cell cavities feed with a single SSPA. The analogue LLRF for the booster has been recently replaced by a digital LLRF based in the ALBA design with a Picodigitizer, a stand-alone commercial solution provided by Nutaq. Also, the firmware of the new DLLRF is configurable to allow operation with a superconducting cavity feed with one amplifier, thus providing the possibility to replace the CLS SR LLRF as well. The main hardware components, the basic firmware functionalities and the commissioning measurements of the new DLLRF for the CLS booster will be presented in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS049

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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TUPOMS052

Considerations From Deploying, Commissioning, and Maintaining the Control System for LCLS-II Undulators

undulator, MMI, EPICS, vacuum

1546

M.A. Montironi, C.J. Andrews, G. Marcus, H.-D. Nuhn
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, contract DE-AC02-76SF00515
Two new undulator lines have been installed as part of the Linac Coherent Light Source upgrade (LCLSII) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. One undulator line, composed of 21 horizontally polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Soft X-Rays (SXR). The other line, composed of 32 vertically polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Hard X-Rays (HXR). The devices were installed, and the control system was deployed in 2019. Commissioning culminated with the achievement of first light from the HXR undulator in the Summer of 2020 and from the SXR undulator in the Fall of 2020. Since then, both undulator lines have been successfully providing x-Rays to user experiments with very limited downtime. In this paper, we first describe the strategies utilized to simplify the deployment, commissioning, and maintenance of the control system. Such strategies include scripts for automated components calibration and monitoring, a modular software structure, and debugging manuals for accelerator operators. Then, we discuss lessons learned which could be applicable to similar projects in the future.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS052

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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TUPOMS055

A Modernized Architecture for the Post Mortem System at CERN

database, operation, framework, injection

1557

J.F. Barth, F. Bogyai, J.C. Garnier, M.L. Majewski, T. Martins Ribeiro, A. Mnich, M.P. Pocwierz, R.S. Selvek, R. Simpson, A. Stanisz, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The control system of the accelerators at CERN stores and analyses more than 200 million dumps of high resolution data recordings every year in the Post Mortem (PM) system. A continuous increase in the complexity of the Large Hadron Collider’s (LHC) systems and the desire to collect more accurate data requires continuous improvement of the PM system. Recently, the PM system has been modernized ahead of the third operational Run of the LHC. The upgraded system implements well known data engineering principles such as horizontal scaling, stateless services and readiness for extensions. This paper recalls the purpose of the PM service and its current use cases. It presents its modernized architecture, reviews the current performance and limitations of the system, and draws perspectives for the next steps in its evolution.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS055

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOMS062

Overall Performance of 26 Power Stations at 400 kW - 352 MHz

cavity, ion-source, radio-frequency, linac

1573

C. Pasotti, A. Cuttin
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

The spoke cavities section of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Linac will be powered by 26 Radio Frequency Power Stations (RFPSs). Each RFPS delivers 400 kW of Radio Frequency (RF) power at 352.21 MHz in pulsed mode at a repetition rate up to 14 Hz and a 5 % duty cycle, thanks to a twin tetrodes RF power sources integration. This equipment belongs to the Italian In-Kind Contributions (IKCs) to ESS. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A (Elettra) is responsible for the development, manufacturing and commissioning of the RFPSs and is managing the RFPS manufacturing contract awarded to European Science Solutions s.r.l (ESS-It). So far, 24 units have been delivered and, by mid 2022, the entire contribution, plus a complete spare unit, will be delivered to ESS. The overall performance of the RFPSs, the lessons learned, and the optimizations adopted along the manufacturing process and the difficulties that the COVID-19 pandemic has posed along the way are presented in this contribution.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS062

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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WEOXSP2

All Optical Chartacterization of a Dual Grating Accelerator Structure

laser, electron, acceleration, simulation

1602

S.A. Crisp, P. Musumeci, A. Ody
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA

Funding: ACHIP grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF4744) U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-AC02-76SF00515 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program Grant DGE1650604.
We present progress and an experimental plan for multi-MeV relativistic energy gain in a dielectric laser-driven accelerator (DLA). Using a 780 nm, 100 fs pulse-front-tilted laser, we achieve interaction with 6 MeV electrons over a 4 mm long structure with 800 nm period. To compensate for resonant defocusing effects, the laser pulse is imprinted with a phase mask, applied by a Spatial Light Modulator, which uses alternating phase focusing (APF) to achieve stable beam transport. The DLA is mechanically mounted with a variable sized gap (600-1200 nm) in order to maximize transmission while maintaining high gradient within the channel. The combination of high interaction length and use of APF confines and accelerates the electrons by up to 3.5 MeV.

Slides WEOXSP2 [1.603 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOXSP2

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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WEOYSP3

Operation Experience with SESAME RF System

cavity, operation, injection, LLRF

1636

D.S. Foudeh, A.I. Kurdi, N.Kh. Sawai
SESAME, Allan, Jordan

SESAME RF system has been in operation since 2017 where the operational electron beam current has been increased from 100mA to 300mA since then. The higher operational beam current together with the need to have longer beam lifetime to reduce number of injections per day required higher forward RF power, On the other hand; more attention needed to be paid to monitor and tackle the current driven High Order Modes and to respect the limitation on the forward RF power coming from the solid state amplifiers. In this paper we describe the RF system and report on the challenges we faced in addition to the operational experience we had with the RF system and solid state amplifiers.

Slides WEOYSP3 [4.207 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYSP3

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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WEPOST012

Feasibility of Slow-Extracted High-Energy Ions From the CERN Proton Synchrotron for CHARM

extraction, proton, heavy-ion, operation

1703

M.A. Fraser, P.A. Arrutia Sota, K. Biłko, N. Charitonidis, S. Danzeca, M. Delrieux, M. Duraffourg, N. Emriskova, L.S. Esposito, R. García Alía, A. Guerrero, O. Hans, G.I. Imesch, E.P. Johnson, G. Lerner, I. Ortega Ruiz, G. Pezzullo, D. Prelipcean, F. Ravotti, F. Roncarolo, A. Waets
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The CHARM High-energy Ions for Micro Electronics Reliability Assurance (CHIMERA) working group at CERN is investigating the feasibility of delivering high energy ion beams to the CHARM facility for the study of radiation effects to electronics components engineered to operate in harsh radiation environments, such as space or high-energy accelerators. The Proton Synchrotron has the potential of delivering the required high energy and high-Z (in this case, Pb) ions for radiation tests over the relevant range of Linear Energy Transfer of ~ 10 - 40 MeV cm²/mg with a > 1 mm penetration depth in silicon, specifically for single event effect tests. This contribution summarises the working group’s progress in demonstrating the feasibility of variable energy slow extraction and over a wide range of intensities. The results of a dedicated 6 GeV/u Pb ion beam test are reported to understand the performance limitations of the beam instrumentation systems needed to characterise the beam in CHARM.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST012

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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WEPOPT060

Controlling Landau Damping via Feed-Down From High-Order Correctors in the LHC and HL-LHC

optics, target, simulation, MMI

1995

J. Dilly, E.H. Maclean, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: This work has been supported by the HiLumi Project and been sponsored by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search.
Amplitude detuning measurements in the LHC have shown that a significant amount of detuning is generated in Beam 1 via feed-down from decapole and dodecapole field errors in the triplets of the experiment insertion regions, while in Beam 2 this detuning is negligible. In this study, we investigate the cause of this behavior and we attempt to find corrections that use the feed-down from the nonlinear correctors in the insertion region for amplitude detuning.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT060

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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WEPOTK005

Electromagnetic Analysis of a Circular Storage Ring for Quantum Computing Using Vsim

laser, storage-ring, simulation, electromagnetic-fields

2034

S.I. Sosa Guitron, S. Biedron, T.B. Bolin
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
S. Biedron
UNM-ME, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
K.A. Brown
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B. Huang
SBU, Stony Brook, USA

We discuss design considerations for a circular ion trap based on electromagnetic and particle beam simulations. This is a circular radiofrequency quadrupole (rfq) being designed for quantum information applications. The circular rfq should have good electromagnetic properties to accumulate and store the beam for prolonged times, while providing apertures for laser cooling and lower voltage electrodes to provide control over the beam. We use the electromagnetic and particle-in-cell software VSim, which uses finite difference time-domain and particle-in-cell methods, together with high performance computing tools.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK005

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Received ※ 30 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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WEPOMS009

Simulation Studies of Longitudinal Stability for High-Intensity LHC-Type Beams in the CERN SPS

simulation, emittance, impedance, injection

2249

D. Quartullo, L. Intelisano, I. Karpov, G. Papotti
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Beams in the SPS for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) must be stabilized in the longitudinal plane up to an intensity of 2.4·10¹¹ protons per bunch. The fourth harmonic RF system increases Landau damping, and controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up is applied to cope with coupled-bunch instabilities along the ramp and at flat-top. Longitudinal multi-bunch beam dynamics simulations of the SPS cycle were performed starting from realistic bunch distributions, as injected from the PS. The full SPS impedance model was included, as well as the effect of low-level RF (LLRF) feedback for beam-loading compensation. A realistic model of the beam-based LLRF loops was used for the particle tracking studies. Controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up was included by generating bandwidth-limited RF phase noise and by injecting it into the beam phase-loop input, exactly as in hardware. Due to the stringent constraints on particle losses and extracted bunch lengths, particular attention was paid to monitoring these parameters in the simulations, and to determining the best configuration for a stable acceleration of the beam.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS009

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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WEPOMS028

Electron Beam Shaping Techniques Using Optical Stochastic Cooling

synchrotron, undulator, radiation, electron

2303

A.J. Dick, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
P. Piot
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) has demonstrated its ability to reduce the three-dimensional phase-space emittance of an electron beam by applying a small corrective kick to the beam each turn. By modifying the shape and timing of these kicks we can produce specific longitudinal beam distributions. Two methods are introduced; single-pulse modulation, where the longitudinal profile of the OSC pulse is amplified by some function, as well as multiple-turn modulation, where the overall strength or phase is varied depending on the synchrotron oscillation phase. The shaping techniques are demonstrated using a model of OSC developed in the ELEGANT particle-tracking code program.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS028

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Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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WEPOMS036

Accelerating Linear Beam Dynamics Simulations for Machine Learning Applications

simulation, space-charge, GPU, experiment

2330

O. Stein, I.V. Agapov, A. Eichler, J. Kaiser
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Machine learning has proven to be a powerful tool with many applications in the field of accelerator physics. Training machine learning models is a highly iterative process that requires large numbers of samples. However, beam time is often limited and many of the available simulation frameworks are not optimized for fast computation. As a result, training complex models can be infeasible. In this contribution, we introduce Cheetah, a linear beam dynamics framework optimized for fast computations. We show that Cheetah outperforms existing simulation codes in terms of speed and furthermore demonstrate the application of Cheetah to a reinforcement-learning problem as well as the successful transfer of the Cheetah-trained model to the real world. We anticipate that Cheetah will allow for faster development of more capable machine learning solutions in the field, one day enabling the development of autonomous accelerators.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS036

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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WEPOMS055

Cathode Space Charge in Bmad

space-charge, cathode, simulation, gun

2380

N. Wang
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
J.A. Crittenden, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
C.E. Mayes
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This project was supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We present an implementation of charged particle tracking with the cathode space charge effect included which is now openly available in the Bmad toolkit for charged particle simulations. Adaptive step size control is incorporated to improve the computational efficiency. We demonstrate its capability with a simulation of a DC gun and compare it with the well-established space charge code Impact-T.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS055

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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THPOST007

Slow-Control Loop to Stabilize the RF Power of the FLUTE Electron Gun

cavity, electron, gun, LLRF

2449

M.-D. Noll, A. Böhm, J. Jelonek, I. Križnar, O. Manzhura, A.-S. Müller, R. Ruprecht, M. Schuh, N.J. Smale
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

The linear accelerator FLUTE (Far Infrared Linac and Test Experiment) at KIT serves as a test facility for accelerator research and for the generation of ultra-intense coherent THz radiation. To achieve stable THz photon energy and optimal beam trajectory, the energy of the electrons emitted from the RF photo-injector must be stable. The accelerating voltage of the RF cavity has been shown to be a significant influencing factor. Here, we report on the development of a slow closed-loop feedback system to stabilize the RF power and thus the accelerating voltage in the RF photo-injector cavity. With this closed-loop feedback system the relative standard deviation of the RF power in the cavity can be improved by 8.5 %.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST007

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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THPOST030

Laser Instrumentation and Insertion Device Measurement System

undulator, laser, detector, experiment

2513

R. Khullar, S.M. Khan, G. Mishra
Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
M. Gehlot
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
H. Jeevakhan
NITTTR, Bhopal, India

In this paper, we discuss the Hall probe, pulsed wire and stretched wire magnetic measurement systems indigenously developed and installed at the university laboratory at Devi Ahilya Vishwa Vidyalaya, Indore, India. The laser instrumentation such as position measuring detector, laser scanning micrometre, Wollaston interferometer and Michelson interferometer improves the Hall probe sledge alignment and magnet alignment in the undulator thus improves magnet measurement accuracy. The salient features with design specifics of the laser instrumentation along with magnetic measurement system parameters are described with context to some prototype undulators designed and developed in the laboratory.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST030

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Received ※ 04 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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THPOST039

SPS Beam Dump System (SBDS) Commissioning After Relocation and Upgrade

kicker, MMI, vacuum, hardware

2530

P. Van Trappen, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, V. Namora, V. Senaj, F.M. Velotti, N. Voumard
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In order to overcome several machine limitations, the SBDS has been relocated from LSS1 (Long Straight Section 1) to LSS5 during LS2 (Long Shutdown 2) with an important upgrade of the extraction kicker installation. An additional vertical deflection kicker magnet (MKDV) was produced and installed while the high voltage (HV) pulse generators have been upgraded by changing gas-discharge switches (thyratrons and ignitrons) to semiconductor stacks operating in oil. Furthermore the horizontal sweep generators have been upgraded to allow for a lower kick strengths. The controls, previously consolidated during LS1, went through an additional light consolidation phase with among others the upgrade of the trigger & retrigger distribution system and the installation of a new fast-interlocks detection system. This paper describes the commissioning without and with beam and elaborates on the measured improvements and encountered problems with corrective mitigations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST039

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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THPOST041

Construction and Manufacturing Process of Siam Photon Source II Storage Ring Girder Prototype

alignment, photon, storage-ring, synchrotron

2537

S. Srichan, S. Klinkhieo, M. Phanak, S. Prabngulueam, P. Pruekthaisong, K. Sittisard
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
O. Utke
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand

The Siam Photon Source II storage ring is designed with low emittance. This new machine requires a high performance support system and a precise alignment capability. In order to meet these requirements, we have planned for construction of a half-cell component prototype. In the end of 2021, we completed the first girder prototype. This report will describe construction and manufacturing process.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST041

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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THPOPT064

Hall Probe Magnetic Measurement of 50 mm Period PPM Undulator

undulator, multipole, quadrupole, sextupole

2744

S.M. Khan, G. Mishra
Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
M. Gehlot
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
H. Jeevakhan
NITTTR, Bhopal, India

In this paper, we present the latest upgradation of Hall Probe magnetic measurement system. The Hall Probe measurement system is upgraded with position measuring detectors and 3D F.W. Bell Teslameter. The field integrals and the phase errors are calculated with a new user friendly MATLAB code. The integrated multipoles both normal and skew components are measured and discussed in the paper. The proposed activities on 300 mm length prototype asymmetric undulator and 50 mm quasi period, six period length at Laser Instrumentation and Insertion Device Application laboratory of Devi Ahilya Vishwa Vidyalaya (DAVV), Indore, India has been discussed and design components are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT064

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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THPOTK019

Collider NICA Power Supply Magnet System

collider, power-supply, superconducting-magnet, focusing

2806

V. Karpinsky, R.M. Ahmadrizyalov, S.A. Arefev, A.V. Butenko, A.V. Karavaev, S.V. Kirov, A.V. Kopchenov, A.A. Kozlykovskaya, T.A. Kulaeva, A.L. Osipenkov, A.V. Sergeev, A.A. Shurygin, E. Syresin, V.G. Tovstuha, N.V. Travin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M.I. Kuznetsov
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

A power supply system for Collider structural magnets is considered, which consists of precision current sources, energy evacuation devices for superconducting elements, additional sources, and control and monitoring equipment. The status of the equipment and the plan of its placement in Collider bld. 17 are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK019

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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THPOTK020

Recent Experience from the Large-Scale Deployment of Power Converters with Magnet Energy Recovery

operation, quadrupole, experiment, MMI

2809

K.D. Papastergiou, G. Le Godec, V. Montabonnet
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A new powering solution was deployed at CERN for transfer lines in the injector complex as part of the LHC injectors upgrade. The new powering uses regenerative power converters to recycle the magnet energy between physics operations. This work gives an overview of the developed technology, the way it is used in the accelerators complex and some results of first period of operation with beam.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK020

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 25 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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THPOTK045

Branch Module for an Inductive Voltage Adder for Driving Kicker Magnets with a Short Circuit Termination

kicker, operation, injection, impedance

2875

J. Ruf, M.J. Barnes, Y. Dutheil, T. Kramer
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Sack
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

For driving kicker magnets terminated in a short circuit, a branch module for an inductive voltage adder has been designed and assembled. The module has been designed for a maximum charging voltage of 1.2 kV and an output current of 200 A considering the current doubling due to the short circuit termination. It features three consecutive modes of operation: energy injection, freewheeling, and energy extraction. Therefore, the topology of the branch module consists of two independently controlled SiC MOSFET switches and one diode switch. In order not to extend the field rise time of the kicker magnet significantly beyond the magnet fill time, the pulse must have a fast rise time. Hence, the switch for energy injection is driven by a gate boosting driver featuring a half bridge of GaN HEMTs and a driving voltage of 80 V. Measurements of the drain source voltage of this switch showed a fall time of 2.7 ns at a voltage of 600 V resulting in a voltage rise time of 5.4 ns at the output terminated with a resistive load. To meet both the rise time and current requirements, a parallel configuration of four SiC MOSFETs was implemented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK045

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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THPOTK053

Foiled Again: Solid-State Sample Delivery for High Repetition Rate XFELs

laser, target, FEL, experiment

2899

N. Majernik, N. Inzunza, P. Manwani, J.B. Rosenzweig
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
R.B. Agustsson, A. Moro
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
R. Ash, N.B. Welke
UW-Madison/PD, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
U. Bergmann, A. Halavanau, C. Pellegrini
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Department of Energy DE-SC0009914 and DE-AC02-76SF00515
XFELs today are capable of delivering high intensity pulse trains of x-rays with up-to MHz to sub-GHz frequency. These x-rays, when focused, can ablate a sample in a single shot, requiring the sample material to be replaced in time for the next shot. For some applications, especially serial crystallography, the sample may be renewed as a dilute solution in a high speed jet. Here, we describe the development and characterization of a system to deliver solid state sample material to an XFEL nanofocus. The first application of this system will be an x-ray laser oscillator operating at the copper Kα line with a ~30 ns cavity.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK053

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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THPOMS001

TURBO: A Novel Beam Delivery System Enabling Rapid Depth Scanning for Charged Particle Therapy

proton, optics, dipole, multipole

2929

J.S.L. Yap, S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
R.B. Appleby, H.X.Q. Norman, A.F. Steinberg
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Charged particle therapy (CPT) is a well-established modality of cancer treatment and is increasing in worldwide presence due to improved accelerator technology and modern techniques. The beam delivery system (BDS) determines the overall timing and beam shaping capabilities, but is restricted by the energy variation speed: energy layer switching time (ELST). Existing treatment beamlines have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, needing time to change the magnetic fields as the beam is delivered in layers at various depths across the tumour volume. Minimising the ELST can enable the delivery of faster, more effective and advanced treatments but requires an improved BDS. A possibility for this could be achieved with a design using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics, enabling a large energy acceptance to rapidly transport beams of varying energies. A scaled-down, novel system - Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation (TURBO) - is being developed at the University of Melbourne, to explore the potential of rapid depth scanning. Initial simulation studies, beam and field measurements, project plans and clinical considerations are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS001

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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THPOMS007

Beam Diagnostics for FLASH RT in the Varian ProBeam System

radiation, proton, operation, target

2951

M. Schedler, S. Busold
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
M. Bräuer
Siemens Med, Erlangen, Germany

FLASH RT is a novel ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy technique with the potential of sparing radiation induced damages to healthy tissue while keeping tumor control unchanged. Recent studies indicate that this so-called FLASH effect occurs when applying high doses of several Grays in a fraction of a second only, and thus significantly faster than with conventionally available radiation therapy systems today. Varian’s ProBeam system has been enabled to deliver ultra-high beam currents for FLASH treatments at 250 MeV beam energy. The first clinical trial is currently conducted at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and all involved human patients have been successfully irradiated at FLASH dose rates, operating the system at cw cyclotron beam currents of up to 400 nA. With these modifications, treatment times could be reduced down to less than a second. First automated switching between conventional and FLASH operation modes has been demonstrated in non-clinical environment, including switching of the dose monitor system characteristics and all involved beam diagnostics. Furthermore, for an improved online beam current control system with full control over dose rate in addition to dose Varian has demonstrated first promising results that may improve future applications.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS007

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOMS055

Commissioning of the SOCHI Applied Station Beam and Beam Transfer Line at the NICA Accelerator Complex

vacuum, detector, radiation, booster

3099

A. Slivin, A. Agapov, A.A. Baldin, A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, G.A. Filatov, A.R. Galimov, K.N. Shipulin, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov, V.I. Tyulkin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D.V. Bobrovskiy, A.I. Chumakov, S. Soloviev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
I.L. Glebov, V.A. Luzanov
GIRO-PROM, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A.S. Kubankin
LPI, Moscow, Russia
A.S. Kubankin
BelSU, Belgorod, Russia
T. Kulevoy, Y.E. Titarenko
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A.M. Tikhomirov
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The SOCHI (Station of CHip Irradiation) station was constructed at the NICA accelerator complex for single event effect testing of decapsulated microchips with low-energy ion beams (3.2 MeV/n). The peculiarity of microchip radiation tests in SOCHI is connected with the pulse beam operation of the heavy ion linear accelerator (HILAc) and a restriction on the pulse dose on the target. The SOCHI station construction, the equipment and the results of the first beam runs are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS055

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Received ※ 26 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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