Keyword: focusing
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MOIYGD1 Progress in Developing an Accelerator on a Chip laser, electron, acceleration, photon 16
 
  • R.J. England
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • R.L. Byer
    Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
  • P. Hommelhoff
    University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
  
  Acceleration of particles in photonic structures fabricated using semiconductor manufacturing techniques and driven by ultrafast solid state lasers is a new and promising approach to developing future generations of compact particle accelerators. Substantial progress has been made in this area in recent years, fueled by a growing international collaboration of universities, national laboratories, and companies. Performance of these micro-accelerator devices is ultimately limited by laser-induced material breakdown limits, which can be substantially higher for optically driven dielectrics than for radio-frequency metallic cavities traditionally used in modern particle accelerators, allowing for 1 to 2 order of magnitude increase in achievable accelerating fields. The lasers required for this approach are commercially available with moderate (microJoule class) pulse energies and repetition rates in the MHz regime. We summarize progress to date and outline potential near-term applications and offshoot technologies.  
slides icon Slides MOIYGD1 [13.851 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOIYGD1  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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MOPOST001 Performance of Automated Synchrotron Lattice Optimisation Using Genetic Algorithm lattice, dipole, network, synchrotron 38
 
  • X. Zhang, S.L. Sheehy
    The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • S.L. Sheehy
    ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia
  
  Funding: Work supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
Rapid advances in superconducting magnets and related accelerator technology opens many unexplored possibilities for future synchrotron designs. We present an efficient method to probe the feasible parameter space of synchrotron lattice configurations. Using this method, we can converge on a suite of optimal solutions with multiple optimisation objectives. It is a general method that can be adapted to other lattice design problems with different constraints or optimisation objectives. In this method, we tackle the lattice design problem using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The problem is encoded by representing the components of each lattice as columns of a matrix. This new method is an improvement over the neural network based approach* in terms of computational resources. We evaluate the performance and limitations of this new method with benchmark results.
*Conference Proceedings IPAC’21, 2021. DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB182 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST001  
About • Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOST027 The Zgoubidoo Python Framework for Ray-Tracing Simulations with Zgoubi: Applications to Fixed-Field Accelerators lattice, closed-orbit, simulation, FFAG 118
 
  • M. Vanwelde, E. Gnacadja, C. Hernalsteens, N. Pauly, E. Ramoisiaux, R. Tesse
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • C. Hernalsteens
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  The study of beam dynamics in accelerators featuring main magnets with complex geometries such as Fixed Field Accelerators (FFAs) requires simulation codes allowing step-by-step particle tracking in complex magnetic fields, such as the Zgoubi ray-tracing code. To facilitate the use of Zgoubi and to allow readily processing the resulting tracking data, we developed a modern Python 3 interface, Zgoubidoo, using Zgoubi in the backend. In this work, the key features of Zgoubidoo are illustrated by detailing the main steps to obtain a non-scaling FFA accelerator from a scaling design. The results obtained are in excellent agreement with prior results, including the tune computation and orbit shifts. These results are enhanced by Zgoubidoo beam dynamics analysis and visualization tools, including the placement of lattice elements in a global coordinate system and the computation of linear step-by-step optics. The validation of Zgoubidoo on conventional scaling and non-scaling FFA designs paves the way for future uses in innovative FFA design studies.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST027  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022  
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MOPOST028 Tune Control in Fixed Field Accelerators lattice, multipole, controls, closed-orbit 122
 
  • A.F. Steinberg, R.B. Appleby
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • S.L. Sheehy
    The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  
  Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators have been proposed for a wide range of challenges, including rapid acceleration in a muon collider, and large energy acceptance beam transport for medical applications. A disadvantage of these proposals is the highly nonlinear field profile required to keep the tune energy-independent, known as the scaling condition. It has been shown computationally that approximately constant tunes can be achieved with the addition of nonlinear fields which do not follow this scaling law. However the impacts of these nonlinearities are not well understood. We present a new framework for adding nonlinearities to Fixed Field Accelerators, seeking a constant normalised focusing strength over the full energy range, and verify the results by simulation using Zgoubi. As a model use case, we investigate the degree of tune compensation that can be achieved in a Fixed Field Accelerator for ion cancer therapy.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST028  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOST033 Betatron Tune Characterization of the Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron for Different Magnetic Poles Configurations cyclotron, betatron, HOM, experiment 136
 
  • C. Hernalsteens
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • B.L. Beaudoin, T.W. Koeth
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
  • M. Miller
    Brown University, Providence, USA
  • T.S. Ponter
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • K.J. Ruisard
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • R. Tesse
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  
  The Rutgers cyclotron is a small 12-Inch, 1.2MeV proton cyclotron. Sets of magnet pole-tips were designed to demonstrate different cyclotron focusing options: weak focusing, radial sector focusing and spiral sector focusing. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally characterize the transverse dynamics provided by different types of focusing. Magnetic field measurements provide insight into the as-built properties of these magnetic poles configurations. First we discuss the axial betatron tune measurements as a function of the beam energy towards outer radii, which agree well with the values expected from measured magnetic data. Turn-by-turn betatron envelope oscillation measurements are also reported and compared with the tune measurements. Excellent agreement is once again found.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST033  
About • Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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MOPOST038 Excitation of the σll = 90° Resonance by the Cavity RF Accelerating Fields resonance, space-charge, linac, cavity 152
 
  • J.-M. Lagniel
    GANIL, Caen, France
  
  In RF linacs the longitudinal focusing is done by nonlinear forces and at high accelerating fields the zero-current longitudinal phase advance per longitudinal focusing period σ0ll can be high. The nonlinear components of the RF field (sextupolar, octupolar and higher order components) can then excite parametric resonances, including the 4th-order resonance (σll = 90°) when σ0ll is higher than 90°, inducing strong longitudinal emittance growths and acceptance reductions. The longitudinal beam dynamics is therefore complex, even when the nonlinear space-charge forces are ignored. The parametric resonance excitation by the RF field is analyzed before discussing the additional effect of the nonlinear space-charge forces, in particular to explain why the zero-current longitudinal phase advance per transverse focusing period σ0lt is not a relevant parameter. Examples are given in the SPIRAL2 linac case.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST038  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022  
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MOPOPT062 Foil Focusing Effect in Pepper-Pot Measurements in Intense Electron Beams emittance, electron, solenoid, experiment 404
 
  • S. Szustkowski, M.A. Jaworski, D.C. Moir
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy (Contract No. 89233218CNA000001).
Thin conducting foils, such as pepper-pot masks, perpendicular to an oncoming intense electron beam acts like an imperfect axisymmetric lens. The beamlets distribution from a pepper-pot mask varies based on if the mask hole radius is smaller or larger than the beams Debye length. Correcting for focusing effect is necessary for measuring transverse emittance with pepper-pot technique for intense electron beams. The Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility (DARHT) Axis-I produces a 20 MeV, 2 kA, 80 ns FWHM electron beam for flash radiography. In this paper, we explore the effect of foil focusing due to various pepper-pot masks at DARHT Axis-I injector region from a 55 mm velvet cathode. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT062  
About • Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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MOPOTK030 Beam Optics Modelling Through Fringe Fields During Injection and Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron extraction, injection, proton, simulation 511
 
  • E.P. Johnson, M.G. Atanasov, Y. Dutheil, M.A. Fraser, E. Oponowicz
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  As the beam is injected and extracted from the CERN Proton Synchrotron, it passes through the fringing magnetic fields of the main bending units (MUs). In this study, tracking simulations using field maps created from a 3D magnetic model of the MUs are compared to beam based measurements made through the fast injection and slow extraction regions. The behaviour of the fringe field is characterised and its implementation in the MAD-X model of the machine is described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK030  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
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MOPOTK031 10 TeV Center of Mass Energy Muon Collider collider, dipole, quadrupole, radiation 515
 
  • K. Skoufaris, C. Carli, D. Schulte
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  A Muon collider can provide unique opportunities in high-energy physics as an energy frontier machine. However, a number of challenges have to be addressed during the design process primarily due to the short lifetime of muons. In this work, a lattice for a §I10{TeV} center-of-mass energy collider is presented. Some of the more important challenges faced are: the design of an interaction region with β* values of the order of a few millimeters and an adequate chromatic compensation without sacrificing the physical and dynamic aperture, the flexibility to control the momentum compaction factor and the radiation generated where neutrinos from muons decays reach the surface. These issues are addressed with the development of a new chromatic correction scheme, the extensive use of flexible momentum compaction factor cells and the efficient control of the optical parameters.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK031  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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MOPOTK038 BPM Analysis with Variational Autoencoders network, diagnostics, GPU, optics 543
 
  • C.C. Hall, J.P. Edelen, J.A. Einstein-Curtis, M.C. Kilpatrick
    RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0021699.
In particle accelerators, beam position monitors (BPMs) are used extensively as a non-intercepting diagnostic. Significant information about beam dynamics can often be extracted from BPM measurements and used to actively tune the accelerator. However, common measurement tools, such as measurements of kicked beams, may become more difficult when very strong nonlinearities are present or when data is very noisy. In this work, we examine the use of variational autoencoders (VAEs) as a technique to extract measurements of the beam from simulated turn-by-turn BPM data. In particular, we show that VAEs may have the possibility to outperform other dimensionality reduction techniques that have historically been used to analyze such data. When the data collection period is limited, or the data is noisy, VAEs may offer significant advantages. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK038  
About • Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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MOPOMS010 Beam Dynamics and Drive Beam Losses Within a Planar Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator wakefield, acceleration, emittance, quadrupole 641
 
  • T.J. Overton, Y.M. Saveliev
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • T.H. Pacey, Y.M. Saveliev
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC) Student Grant
Beam-driven dielectric wakefield accelerators (DWA) have the potential to provide accelerating gradients in the GV/m range. The transverse dynamics in such devices need to be understood to avoid instabilities over long transport distances and facilitate beam matching to specific applications (e.g. FELs). This presentation details simulation studies of the magnitude of beam-breakup instability (BBU) in planar dielectric lined waveguides (DLWs). These are for DWA drive beams, with high charge and momentum that can be produced at current facilities. Using a series of perpendicular DLW segments has been proposed to control instabilities over larger distances. Using self-developed software, the beam dynamics of a drive beam within a DLW are simulated and the magnitude of beam losses along a DLW of varying lengths calculated and beam quality preservation investigated. Methods to reduce transverse instabilities have been explored, and the impact of these on the length of a possible DWA acceleration stage are investigated. An acceleration stage with m-scale length, consisting of multiple alternating planar DLWs, is suggested and preservation of beam quality along this distance is shown. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS010  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOMS012 Simulation Studies of Drive Beam Instability in a Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator wakefield, simulation, GUI, quadrupole 645
 
  • W.H. Tan, P. Piot
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  • A. Huebl, R. Jambunathan, R. Lehé, A. Myers, T. Rheaume, J.-L. Vay, W. Zhang
    LBNL, Berkeley, USA
  • P. Piot
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the US DOE award DE-SC0018656 with NIU and DE-AC02-06CH11357 with ANL. This work used resources from NERSC, supported by DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research used WarpX, which is supported by the US DOE Exascale Computing Project. Primary WarpX contributors are with LBNL, LLNL, CEA-LIDYL, SLAC, DESY, CERN, and Modern Electron.
Beam-driven collinear wakefield acceleration using structure wakefield accelerators promises a high gradient acceleration within a smaller physical footprint. Sustainable extraction of energy from the drive beam relies on precise understanding of its long term dynamics and the possible onset or mitigation of the beam instability. The advance of computational power and tools makes it possible to model the full physics of beam-driven wakefield acceleration. Here we report on the long-term beam dynamics studies of a drive beam considering the example of a dielectric waveguide using high fidelity particle-in-cell simulations performed with WarpX. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS012  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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MOPOMS017 Beam Transport Simulations Through Final Focus High Energy Transport Lines with Implemented Gabor Lenses simulation, electron, target, proton 663
 
  • A. Sherjan, M. Droba, O. Meusel, S. Reimann, K.I. Thoma
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • S. Reimann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  First investigations on Gabor Lens GL2000 at Goethe University have shown that it is possible to confine a 2m long stable Electron Plasma Column and to apply it as a hadron beam focusing device. With this knowledge theoretical implementations of GLs in final focus and transfer lines have started. The focusing with GLs is a weak but smooth focusing in radial direction. The GL is a suitable and inexpensive choice in addition to the existing focusing elements eg. magnetic quadrupoles. The device helps to improve beam quality and minimize losses over long distances. The investigation of relativistic hadron beams in GeV range using the example of the proposed NA61/SHINE VLE-beamline at CERN is carried out and will be presented. Thin-matrix simulations with a generated distribution as well as field map simulations with generated and realistic distributions (Geant4) at 1 - 6 GeV/c have been analysed and compared. In addition, the H4-beamline at North Area (CERN) is proposed to implement GLs for experimental tests.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS017  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
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MOPOMS022 Studies of a Ka-Band High Power Klystron Amplifier at INFN-LNF klystron, cavity, electron, gun 683
 
  • M. Behtouei, L. Faillace, A. Mostacci, B. Spataro
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
  • F. Bosco, M. Carillo, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • F. Di Paolo, S. Fantauzzi, A. Leggieri, F. Marrese, L. Valletti
    Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
  • G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  In the framework of the Compact Light XLS project, a Ka-band linearizer with electric field ranging from 100 to 150 MV/m is requested. In order to feed this structure, a proper Ka-band high power klystron amplifier with a high efficiency is needed. This paper reports a possible solution for a klystron amplifier operating on the TM010 mode at 36 GHz, the third harmonic of the 12 GHz linac frequency, with an efficiency of 44% and 10.6 MW radiofrequency output power. We discuss also here the high-power DC gun with the related magnetic focusing system, the RF beam dynamics and finally the multiphysics analysis of a high- power microwave window for a Ka-band klystron providing 16MW of peak power.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS022  
About • Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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WEPOST045 Simulating Enhanced Focusing Effects of Ion Motion in Adiabatic Plasmas plasma, emittance, experiment, electron 1798
 
  • D.R. Chow, C.E. Hansel, P. Manwani, J.B. Rosenzweig, M. Yadav
    UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
  • Ö. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work was performed with support of the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-SC0009914, and the STFC Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training on Data Intensive Science (LIV. DAT) under grant agreement ST/P006752/1.
The FACET-II facility offers the unique opportunity to study low emittance, GeV beams and their interactions with high density plasmas in plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) scenarios. One of the experiments relevant to PWFA research at FACET-II is the ion collapse experiment E-314, which aims to study how ion motion in a PWFA can produce dual-focused equilibrium. As nonlinear focusing effects due to nonuniform ion distributions have not been extensively studied; we explore the difficulties of inducing ion motion in an adiabatic plasma and examines the effect an ion column has on beam focusing. A case study is performed on a system containing a plasma lens and adiabatic PWFA. Ions in the lens section are assumed to be static, while simulations of an adiabatic matching section are modified to include the effects of ion column collapse and their nonlinear focusing fields. Using the parameters of the FACET-II beam, we find that a collapsed ion column amplifies the focusing power of a plasma without compromising emittance preservation. This led to a spot size orders of magnitude less than that of a simply matched beam. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST045  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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WEPOST046 Beam Matching in an Elliptical Plasma Blowout Driven by Highly Asymmetric Flat Beams plasma, emittance, simulation, wakefield 1802
 
  • P. Manwani, H.S. Ancelin, G. Andonian, N. Majernik, J.B. Rosenzweig, M. Yadav
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • G. Andonian
    RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA
  • G. Ha, J.G. Power
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • M. Yadav
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • M. Yadav
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work was performed with the support of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-SC0017648 and DESC0009914.
Particle beams with highly asymmetric emittance ratios, or flat beams, are employed at accelerator facilities such as the AWA and foreseen at FACET-II. Flat beams have been used to drive wakefields in dielectric structures and are an ideal candidate for high-gradient wakefields in plasmas. The high aspect ratio produces a blowout region that is elliptical in cross section and this asymmetry in the ion column structure creates asymmetric focusing in the two transverse planes. The ellipticity of the plasma blowout decreases as the normalized peak current increases, and gradually approaches an axisymmetric column. An appropriate matching condition for the beam envelope inside the elliptical blowout is introduced. Simulations are performed to investigate the ellipticity of the resultant wakefield based on the initial drive beam parameters, and are compared to analytical calculations. The parameter space for two cases at the AWA and FACET facilities, with requirements for plasma profile and achievable fields, is presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST046  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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WEPOST048 Excitation of Very High Gradient Plasma Wakefields From Nanometer Scale Beams plasma, wakefield, simulation, quadrupole 1806
 
  • P. Manwani, H.S. Ancelin, G. Andonian, D.R. Chow, N. Majernik, J.B. Rosenzweig, M. Yadav
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • G. Andonian
    RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA
  • R. Robles
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • M. Yadav
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • M. Yadav
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work was performed with the support of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DESC0009914.
The plasma based terawatt attosecond project at SLAC, termed PAX, offers near mega-Ampere beams that could be used to demonstrate plasma wakefield acceleration at very high gradients (TV/m). The beam has a large aspect ratio which allows it to be used at high densities since the longitudinal beam size is lower than the plasma skin depth. This beam can be focused using a permanent magnitude quadrupole (PMQ) triplet to further reduce its transverse size. Since the beam is extremely short compared to the plasma skin depth, it behaves like a delta-function perturbation to the plasma. This reduces the expected focusing effect of the ion column and simulations show that only the tail of the beam is notably focused and decelerated. This scenario is investigated with attendant experimental considerations discussed. The creation of the witness beam by the deceleration of the tail of the beam is also discussed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST048  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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WEPOPT004 Acceleration and Crossing of Transition Energy Investigation Using an RF Structure of the Barrier Bucket Type in the NICA Accelerator Complex collider, dynamic-aperture, acceleration, proton 1829
 
  • S.D. Kolokolchikov, A.A. Melnikov, Y. Senichev
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The dynamic of longitudinal motion in Barrier Bucket RF structure is considered. To preserve the stability of the proton beam during the acceleration to the experiment energy it is necessary to cross the transition energy and a rapid jump of transition energy is possible. The influence of the second-order slip factor is taking into account, as well as the space charge effect. The dynamic aperture is investigated for various gradients of focusing quadrupoles and corresponding working points which is necessary for transition crossing.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT004  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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WEPOPT034 Reconfiguration of RHIC Straight Sections for the EIC electron, hadron, quadrupole, kicker 1916
 
  • C. Liu, J.S. Berg, D. Bruno, C. Cullen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, D. Holmes, R.F. Lambiase, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, S. Verdú-Andrés, D. Weiss, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • B. Bhandari, F. Micolon, N. Tsoupas
    Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
  • B.R. Gamage, T. Satogata, W. Wittmer
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 and Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will be built in the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) tunnel with the addition of electron acceleration and storage rings. The two RHIC rings will be reconfigured as a single Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) for accelerating and storing ion beams. The proton beam energy will be raised from 255 to 275 GeV to achieve the desired center-of-mass energy range: 20’140 GeV. It is also mandatory to operate the HSR with a constant revolution frequency over a large energy range (41’275 GeV for protons) to synchronize with the Electron Storage Ring (ESR). These and other requirements/challenges dictate modifications to RHIC accelerators. This report gives an overview of the modifications to the RHIC straight sections together with their individual challenges. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT034  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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WEPOPT046 Preparation of a Prototype Plasma Lens as an Optical Matching Device for the ILC e+ Source plasma, positron, simulation, optical-matching 1961
 
  • M. Formela, N. Hamann, G.A. Moortgat-Pick
    University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • K. Flöttmann, G. Loisch, G.A. Moortgat-Pick
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  In recent years, high-gradient, symmetric focusing with active plasma lenses has regained significant interest due to the potential advantages in compactness and beam dynamics compared to conventional focusing elements. One potential application is the optical matching of highly divergent positrons from the undulator-based ILC positron source into the downstream accelerating structures. A collaboration between University Hamburg and DESY Hamburg has been established to develop a prototype design for this application. Here, we discuss beam dynamics simulation results, preliminary parameters of the lens prototype, and the current status of the prototype design.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT046  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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WEPOTK002 Investigation, Simulation and First Measurements of a 2m Long Electron Column Trapped in a Gabor Lens Device electron, experiment, plasma, diagnostics 2023
 
  • K.I. Thoma, M. Droba, O. Meusel
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  Various Gabor-Lenses (GL) were investigated at Goethe University. Confinement of sufficient electron densities (ne~1E15m3) were reached without any external source of electrons. Focusing of ion beams by low energy was demonstrated, long term stability and reproducibility were approved. Main differences compared to experiments and investigations of the pure non-neutral in Penning-Malmberg traps are higher residual gas pressure and therefore higher collision rates, higher bulk temperatures, self-sustaining electron production process, much higher evaporation cooling rate. GL2000 is a new 2m long device and was mainly designed for focusing of ion beams in energy ranges up to GeV but also for investigation of non-neutral plasma parameters. The confined electron column is much longer compared to previous constructed Lenses. This makes ion and hadron beam focussing much more efficient, in addition new physical phenomena can be expected and investigated. Simulation results of steady- and thermal equilibrium states with various external parameters and first measurements will be presented. The first operational tests show that it is possible to confine a two-meter long electron column.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK002  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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WEPOTK008 Future Neutrino Beam Studies Under the Framework of Physics Beyond Colliders experiment, target, background, detector 2044
 
  • E.G. Parozzi
    Universita Milano Bicocca, MILANO, Italy
  • J. Bernhard, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, C.A. Mussolini, M.L.A. Perrin-Terrin
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • C.A. Mussolini
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • Y. Nagai
    ELTE, Budapest, Hungary
  • Y. Nagai
    Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  A Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) initiative was recently established at CERN to exploit the full scientific potential of its accelerator complex and scientific infrastructure to tackle fundamental open questions in particle physics through experiments complementary to those in current and future colliders. This initiative brings together similar studies to optimize resources globally in order to reach a common goal and promote scientific development efficiently. In this work, we present the work performed by the Conventional Beam Working Group (CBWG) and specifically from the Neutrino Beams (NB) subgroup. The subgroup currently deals with two novel neutrino-tagged beams projects, ENUBET and NUTAG, as well as with a more classic, low energy, beamline dedicated to hadron cross-sections for neutrino beams with the NA61 experiment already installed in the H2 beamline of the CERN North Area. This contribution will detail the advances made with these three projects as well as their status and future plans.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK008  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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WEPOTK031 Low-Energy Negative Ion Injection Beamline for Experiments with Antiprotonic Atoms at AEgIS proton, antiproton, experiment, injection 2126
 
  • V. Rodin, A. Farricker, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • G. Cerchiari
    Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universtität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
  • M. Doser, G. Khatri
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • G. Kornakov
    Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: Research was funded by Warsaw University of Technology within the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) programme
Interaction of low-energy antiprotons with nuclear targets provided fundamental knowledge about proton and neutron densities of many nuclei through the capture process, cascade on lower electron orbits, and annihilation with the nucleon. The expelled electrons produce X-rays and with the recoil particles after annihilation, thus, a sufficient amount of information can be obtained about this interaction. However, all previous experiments were done via formation of antiprotonic atoms in solid or gaseous targets. Therefore, annihilation occurs prior reaching the S or P orbital levels and precise measurements are missing. Recently, AEgIS collaboration proposed a conceptually new experimental scheme. The creation of cold antiprotonic atoms in a vacuum guarantees the absence of the Stark effect. And with the sub-ns timing and synchronization, the previous experimental obstacles would be resolved. This will allow studying atomic properties, evolution, and fragmentation process with improved precision and extended lifetimes. In this contribution, we present an overview of the experimental scheme as well as various aspects of negative ion injection beamline into the AEgIS experiment. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK031  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022  
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WEPOTK032 Fast Electromagnetic Models of Existing Beamline Simulations quadrupole, simulation, experiment, proton 2130
 
  • S. Padden, E. Kukstas, P. Pusa, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • S. Padden, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  The AD-ELENA complex decelerates antiprotons to ener- gies of 100 keV before transport to experiments through elec- trostatic transfer lines. Transfer line optics are traditionally designed from a lattice based approach and are unaffected by external effects. Presented is a method of rapidly proto- typing MAD-X simulations into G4Beamline models which propagate particles via electromagnetic fields rather than idealised optical lattice parameters. The transfer line to the ALPHA experiment is simulated in this approach. Due to the presence of fringe fields disagreement is found between the two models. Using an error minimisation technique, revised quadrupole strengths are found which improve agreement by 30% without any manual adjustment.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK032  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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WEPOMS016 On the (Apparent) Paradox between Space-Charge Forces and Space-Charge Effects space-charge, emittance, rfq, linac 2268
 
  • P.A.P. Nghiem
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  With the advent of high-intensity linacs, space charge forces are now well known as a major issue causing undesirable effects on particle beam qualities like emittance growth or sudden losses. They should be stronger when there are more particles or when the latter are contained in a smaller volume. But a detailed examination of the beam along an accelerator show that space charge effects are weaker where the beam size is smaller. This article clarifies this paradox and revisits the recommendations on beam sizes in view of mitigating space charge effects.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS016  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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WEPOMS017 Space Charge Analysis for Low Energy Photoinjector emittance, space-charge, cathode, laser 2272
 
  • M. Carillo, F. Bosco, E. Chiadroni, L. Giuliano, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • M. Behtouei, B. Spataro
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
  • O. Camacho, A. Fukasawa, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
  • L. Faillace
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • L. Ficcadenti
    INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
  
  Funding: This work is supported by DARPA under Contract HR001120C0072, by DOE Contract DE-SC0009914 & DE-SC0020409, by the National Science Foundation Grant N.PHY-1549132 and by INFN through the project ARYA.
Beam dynamics studies are performed in the context of a C-Band hybrid photo-injector project developed by a collab- oration between UCLA/Sapienza/INFN-LNF/RadiaBeam. These studies aim to explain beam behaviour through the beam-slice evolution, using analytical and numerical approaches. An understanding of the emittance oscillations is obtained starting from the slice analysis, which allows correlation of the position of the emittance minima with the slope of the slices in the transverse phase space (TPS). At the end, a significant reduction in the normalized emittance is obtained by varying the transverse shape of the beam while assuming a longitudinal Gaussian distribution. Indeed, the emittance growth due to nonlinear space-charge fields has been found to occur immediately after moment of the beam emission from the cathode, giving insight into the optimum laser profile needed for minimizing the emittance. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS017  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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WEPOMS018 Minimum Emittance Growth during RF-Phase Slip synchrotron, emittance, operation, ECR 2276
 
  • S.R. Koscielniak
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  
  This paper is concerned with finding operations consistent with the absolute minimum emittance growth. The system is an RF bucket containing a bunch of hadrons in a synchrotron; and the operation performed is to sweep the RF phase. As a result, the bunch centroid moves from one value of position and momentum to another. For given start and end points, we shall find the ideal RF phase-slip time-variation that minimizes emittance growth of the bunch  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS018  
About • Received ※ 27 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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WEPOMS021 Entropy Production and Emittance Growth Due to the Imperfection in Long Periodical Acceleration Chains emittance, acceleration, simulation, space-charge 2286
 
  • M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, S. Reimann
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • H. Podlech
    HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • S. Reimann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  Contemporary design of efficient linear accelerator is based on ideal periodical structures with an optimi-sation for perfect periodicity. However, practical reali-sation involves random errors in the structure (e.g. position of elements, off-sets, non-linearity of the fields etc.) which make prediction of emittance growth difficult. Error studies helps to understand critical points, but they are normally used at the end of the design process. The concept of beam entropy in very simple approximation (assumption of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model) is used to evaluate emittance growth in perfect periodical chains. The analysis will be performed and differences in modern designs on some examples discussed. Focus will be laid on linac designs with short acceleration structures (RF-phase settings versus position error) and external transversal focusing magnets.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS021  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOST005 Tracking Dynamic Aperture in the iRCMS Hadrontherapy Synchrotron dipole, synchrotron, dynamic-aperture, acceleration 2442
 
  • F. Méot, P.N. Joshi, N. Tsoupas
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • J.P. Lidestri, M.R. Subramanian
    Best Medical International, Springfield, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by a TSA between Best Medical International and Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Dynamic aperture (DA) studies which are part of the ion Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron (iRCMS) lattice design have been undertaken. They are aimed at supporting on-going plans to launch the production of the six magnetic sectors which comprise the iRCMS racetrack arcs. The main bend magnetic gap is tight, so allowing smaller volume magnets and resulting in a compact ring. The DA happens to be commensurate with the mechanical aperture, thus tracking accuracy is in order. In that aim, DA tracking uses the OPERA field maps of the six 60 degree magnetic sectors of the arcs. Simulation outcomes are summarized here. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST005  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 18 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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THPOST018 The Design of a Second Beamline for the CLEAR User Facility at CERN experiment, quadrupole, electron, dipole 2479
 
  • L.A. Dyks, R. Corsini, P. Korysko
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • P. Burrows
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • P. Burrows, P. Korysko
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  The CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) has been operating as a general user facility since 2017 providing beams for a wide range of user experiments. However, with its current optical layout, the beams available to users are not able to cover every request. To overcome this, a second experimental beamline has been proposed. In this paper we discuss the potential optics of the new line as well as detailing the hardware required for its construction. Branching from the current beamline, via a dogleg chicane that could be used for bunch compression, the new beamline would provide an additional in-air test stand to be available to users. The beamline before the test stand would utilise large aperture quadrupoles to allow the irradiation of large target areas or strong focussing of beams onto a target. In addition to this there would also be further in-vacuum space to install experiments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST018  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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THPOTK014 100 keV Electron Source Design for the New 3 GeV Synchrotron Facility in Thailand gun, cathode, electron, simulation 2800
 
  • N. Juntong, S. Bootiew, T. Chanwattana, Ch. Dhammatong, S. Jummunt, K. Kittimanapun, W. Phacheerak
    SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
  • K. Manasatitpong
    Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
  
  The Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) is developing a new synchrotron light source with an electron beam energy of 3 GeV. The DC thermionic electron gun was chosen because it is simple and less cost. The design process is well known. The operation is more stable compared to the RF gun. The cathode Y-646B was considered because it had already been used at the old synchrotron machine and the possibility of sharing the stock outweighs other disadvantages. Moreover, it is used in many synchrotron facilities, so it is easy to find references. The present of the focusing electrode was discussed. The focusing electrode will increase the complexity of the gun, but it is necessary to get a high-quality beam from the gun. The designed electron gun can produce 1.1 A beams current with the normalized emittance of 0.910 Pi·mm·mrad, which satisfied the requirement of the linac injector. The design and study results will be discussed in this report.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK014  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022  
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THPOTK019 Collider NICA Power Supply Magnet System collider, power-supply, controls, superconducting-magnet 2806
 
  • V. Karpinsky, R.M. Ahmadrizyalov, S.A. Arefev, A.V. Butenko, A.V. Karavaev, S.V. Kirov, A.V. Kopchenov, A.A. Kozlykovskaya, T.A. Kulaeva, A.L. Osipenkov, A.V. Sergeev, A.A. Shurygin, E. Syresin, V.G. Tovstuha, N.V. Travin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M.I. Kuznetsov
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  A power supply system for Collider structural magnets is considered, which consists of precision current sources, energy evacuation devices for superconducting elements, additional sources, and control and monitoring equipment. The status of the equipment and the plan of its placement in Collider bld. 17 are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK019  
About • Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022  
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THPOMS018 Study of Coil Configuration and Local Optics Effects for the GaToroid Ion Gantry Design hadrontherapy, optics, hadron, radiation 2984
 
  • E. Oponowicz, L. Bottura, Y. Dutheil, A. Gerbershagen, A. Haziot
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Project co-funded by the CERN Budget for Knowledge Transfer to Medical Applications.
GaToroid, a novel configuration for hadron therapy gantry, is based on superconducting coils that gen- erate a toroidal magnetic field to deliver the beam onto the patient. Designing the complex GaToroid coils requires careful consideration of the local beam optical effects. We present a Python-based tool for charged particle transport in complex electromagnetic fields. The code implements fast tracking in arbitrary three-dimensional field maps, and it is not limited to specific or regular reference trajectories, as is generally the case in accelerator physics. The tool was used to characterise the beam behaviour inside the GaToroid system. It automatically determines the reference trajectories in the symmetry plane and analyses three-dimensional beam dynamics around these trajectories. Beam optical parameters in the field region were compared for various magnetic configurations of GaToroid. This paper introduces the new tracker and shows the benchmarking results. Furthermore, first- order beam optics studies for different arrangements demonstrate the main code features and serve for the design optimisation. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS018  
About • Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOMS030 Updates, Status and Experiments of CLEAR, the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research electron, experiment, radiation, plasma 3022
 
  • P. Korysko
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • J.J. Bateman, C.S. Robertson
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • R. Corsini, M. Dosanjh, L.A. Dyks, A. Gilardi, V. Rieker
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • W. Farabolini
    CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
  • K.N. Sjobak
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  
  The CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) at CERN is a test facility using a 200 MeV electron beam. In 2020 and 2021, a few hardware upgrades were done: comparators for position measurements were added on components, the in-air experimental area was re-arranged in order to provide more space, a robotic system was built to enable remote samples manipulations for irradiation studies, the BPM reading system was optimized and the laser double-bunch system implemented to allow for a doubling of the electron bunch frequency from 1.5 GHz to 3 GHz. In the paper, we describe such improvements, we outline the experimental activities during 2021 and illustrate the diverse program for the next 4 years, including high doses’ irradiation studies for medical applications.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS030  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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