IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOST021	ReAccelerator Upgrade, Commissioning and First Experiments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) / Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB)	cryomodule, experiment, MMI, linac	101
	A.C.C. Villari, G. Bollen, K.D. Davidson, K. Fukushima, A.I. Henriques, K. Holland, S.H. Kim, A. Lapierre, T. Maruta, D.G. Morris, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, J. Priller, B.M. Sherrill, R. Walker, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA B. Arend, D.B. Crisp, D.J. Morrissey, M. Steiner NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the NSF under grant PHY15-65546 and DOE-SC under award number DE-SC0000661 The reaccelerator ReA is a state-of-the-art super-conducting linac for reaccelerating rare isotope beams produced via inflight fragmentation or fission and subse-quent beam stopping. ReA was subject of an upgrade that increased its final beam energy from 3 MeV/u to 6 MeV/u for ions with charge over mass equal to 1/4. The upgrade included a new room-temperature rebuncher after the first section of acceleration, a new β = 0.085 QWR cryomodule and two new beamlines in a new ex-perimental vault. During commissioning, beams were accelerated with near 100 percent transport efficiency through the linac and delivered through beam transport lines. Measured beam characteristics match those calcu-lated. Following commissioning, stable and long living rare isotope beams from a Batch Mode Ion Source (BMIS) were accelerated and delivered to experiments. This con-tribution will briefly describe the upgrade, and results from beam commissioning and beam delivery for experi-ments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST021
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOST032	A New Approach to Cyclotron Design	cyclotron, proton, extraction, cavity	133
	O. Karamyshev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Cyclotrons are the oldest type of circular accelerators, with many applications, design of the majority of cyclotrons nowadays follow has become a standard for most of developers, and there is a clear trend for switching towards superconducting magnets to increase the magnet field level and descrease the size and weight. A new approach, described in this paper allowed the author to design a lineup of cyclotrons from 15 to 230 MeV as compact and power efficient as superconducting cyclotrons, but using copper coil.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST032
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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MOPOST036	Transverse Emittance Measurements of the Beams Produced by the ISOLDE Target Ion Sources	target, emittance, ISOL, quadrupole	144
	N. Bidault CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The Isotope mass Separator On-Line DEvice (ISOLDE) is a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility based at CERN where rare isotopes are produced from 1.4 GeV-proton collisions with a target. The different types of targets and ion sources, operating conditions and ionization schemes used during the physics campaign results in extracted beams with various emittances. Characterizing the beam emittance allows deducing the transport efficiency to low-energy experimental stations (up to 60 keV) and the mass resolving power of the separators. We report on emittance measurements for different beams of stable elements extracted from surface and plasma ion sources. The dependence of the emittance on the different conditions of operation of the ion sources is investigated and the results are compared to previous measurements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST036
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOPT037	Beam Measurement and Application of the Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Ion Source at KOMAC	radiation, extraction, vacuum, experiment	328
	S.H. Lee, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) and the NRF (National Research Foundation) of Korea grant fund the Korea government (MSIT). The metal ion beam facility is developed based on the MEVVA* ion source at the KOMAC*. The MEVVA ion source has advantage that it can be extract almost metal ion species as well as high current ion beam. After the installation, we measured beam properties such as peak beam current, beam profile depending on the operation condition. The average charge state is measured in order to estimate the total dose. We evaluate the beam stability through the long-term beam extraction, and the measured the cathode erosion rate too. In addition, as one of the application fields, we irradiate the metal beam on the cathode of the fuel cell and measured the performance. In this paper, the beam measurement results, are summarized and fuel cell performances after metal beam irradiation are discussed. Korea Multi-purpose of Accelerator Complex **Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT037
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOMS018	Tungsten Electron Emitter (TE²) with Direct Heated Cathode by Plasma Stream	cathode, electron, plasma, gun	667
	K.I. Thoma, M. Droba, T. Dönges, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, K. Schulte-Urlichs IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany K. Schulte-Urlichs, K.I. Thoma GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	At Goethe-University, a novel concept of heating metallic cathodes is currently under investigation. In the scope of the ARIES collaboration WP16, an RF-modulated electron gun was developed and manufactured for application in electron lenses for space charge compensation. The goal of this project is to increase the intensity of primary beams, especially in low energy booster synchrotrons like the SIS18 and SIS100 at GSI/FAIR or the SPS at CERN. The gun was designed to produce electron currents of 10 A at extraction voltages of 30 kV. The tungsten electron emitter (TE²) and the grid electrode were designed and manufactured to be integrated in the extractor of the original volume type ion source. Significant effort was put into a robust and flexible design with highly reliable key components. The cathode is heated by a plasma stream generated in the plasma chamber of the source. Different heating options of the cathode are currently being studied. This contribution presents the working principles of the electron gun and first measurements results of cathode heating.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS018
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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TUIYGD1	The Status of the ESS Project	target, cryomodule, neutron, linac	792
	A. Jansson ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Funding: Talk given on behalf of the ESS Accelerator Collaboration. The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the world’s most powerful linear accelerator driving a neutron spallation source, with an ultimate beam average power of 5 MW at 2.0 GeV. The LINAC accelerates a proton beam of 62.5 mA peak current at 4 % duty cycle (2.86 ms at 14 Hz). The accelerator uses a normal conducting front-end bring-ing the beam energy to 90 MeV, beyond that the accelera-tion up to 2 GeV is performed using superconducting structures. The accelerator is built by a European collabo-ration consisting of 23 European institutes delivering in-kind contributions of most hardware but also of services for installation and testing. More than half of the original 510 Mâ¬ for the accelerator budget being in form of in-kind contributions. This talk will give an overview of the status of the ESS accelerator and comment on the chal-lenges the accelerator collaboration has encountered and how we together are addressing these challenges.
	Slides TUIYGD1 [23.318 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD1
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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TUIYGD2	The Present Status and Future Plan with Charge Stripper Ring at RIKEN RIBF	cyclotron, quadrupole, acceleration, factory	796
	H. Imao RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF), providing the world’s most intense heavy-ion beams more than 345 AMeV, is a leading facility for generating in-flight RI beams. RIBF has been steadily developing its performance after since 2006. In particular, the beam intensity of uranium beams, which is important to produce in-flight fission RI beams, was drastically increased by a factor of 240 compared to 2008. For further intensity upgrade of the uranium beams, the total charge stripping efficiency less than 5% of two strippers, He gas and rotating graphite sheet disk strippers, is a serious bottleneck. A new acceleration scheme with charge stripper rings (CSRs) as a cost-effective way to enhance the charge stripping efficiency has been proposed. The CSR recycles beams other than the selected charge state that was previously dumped. These beams are orbited in the CSR while suppressing emittance growth, and then re-enter the stripper. The CSR is being studied as a future plan, aiming at a 10-fold increase in the intensity of the uranium beams. The present status and the future plan with the CSR at RIBF will be presented.
	Slides TUIYGD2 [4.735 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD2
About •	Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Revised ※ 19 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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TUPOTK030	X-Rays Energy Measurements During the RFQ Conditioning at the European Spallation Source	rfq, detector, electron, background	1275
	E. Laface, C.G. Maiano, R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden O. Piquet CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
	The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) was conditioned at the European Spallation Source during spring 2021. We used part of the conditioning time to estimate the accelerating potential within the RFQ analyzing the x-rays bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by the electrons released and accelerated in the RFQ. The results of these measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK030
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOMS062	Overall Performance of 26 Power Stations at 400 kW - 352 MHz	cavity, radio-frequency, controls, linac	1573
	C. Pasotti, A. Cuttin Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	The spoke cavities section of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Linac will be powered by 26 Radio Frequency Power Stations (RFPSs). Each RFPS delivers 400 kW of Radio Frequency (RF) power at 352.21 MHz in pulsed mode at a repetition rate up to 14 Hz and a 5 % duty cycle, thanks to a twin tetrodes RF power sources integration. This equipment belongs to the Italian In-Kind Contributions (IKCs) to ESS. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A (Elettra) is responsible for the development, manufacturing and commissioning of the RFPSs and is managing the RFPS manufacturing contract awarded to European Science Solutions s.r.l (ESS-It). So far, 24 units have been delivered and, by mid 2022, the entire contribution, plus a complete spare unit, will be delivered to ESS. The overall performance of the RFPSs, the lessons learned, and the optimizations adopted along the manufacturing process and the difficulties that the COVID-19 pandemic has posed along the way are presented in this contribution.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS062
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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WEOXSP1	Proposal for a Compact Neutron Generator Based on a Negative Deuterium Ion Beam	neutron, target, electron, radiation	1599
	K. Jimbo, T. Shirai QST-NIRS, Chiba, Japan K. Leung LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA K.A. Van Bibber UCB, Berkeley, California, USA
	Interest in high intensity generators of neutrons for basic and applied science has been growing, and thus the demand for an economical neutron generator has been growing. A major driver for the development of high intensity neutron generators are studies of neutron disturbance in integrated circuits, for which a compact generator that can be easily accommodated in an ordinary size lab would be highly desirable. We have investigated possible designs for neutron generators based on the D-D fusion reaction, which produce direction dependent mono-energetic neutrons with carry-off energy larger than 2.45 MeV. Specifically, we find a negative deuterium ion beam most attractive for this application, and plan to construct such a system with a negative deuterium ion beam of 200 keV energy and 100 mA current as a prototype of this concept.
	Slides WEOXSP1 [2.581 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOXSP1
About •	Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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WEPOST052	Influence of Plasma Electrode Aperture Size on Beam Emittance From a Multicusp Ion Source	plasma, emittance, extraction, experiment	1813
	A.M. George, M.P. Dehnel, S.V. Melanson, J.J. Munich D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada N. Broderick University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
	D-Pace’s TRIUMF-licensed multicusp filament ion source is capable of producing H⁻ beams up to 17.4 mA. In most cases, the H⁻ beam is transported to the entrance of an accelerator or a magnet for further applications. The emittance of the beam extracted from the ion source should be maintained as low as possible to reduce the beam losses to the walls of the transport pipes. The beam emittance from the ion source can be controlled by changing the aperture diameter of the plasma electrode. The current study deals with the range of H⁻ beam emittance that can be achieved from D-Pace’s filament ion source, using different plasma electrode aperture sizes. The corresponding beam currents and the electron to ion ratios are also reported. Melanson, S., M. Dehnel, D. Potkins, H. McDonald, and C. Philpott. "H-, D-, C2-: a comparison of RF and filament powered volume-cusp ion sources." Ele 5 (2017): 10.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST052
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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WEPOST053	Extraction of High-Charge State Argon and α-Particles from D-Pace Penning Ion Source Test Stand	operation, extraction, cathode, experiment	1816
	N. Savard UBC, Vancouver, B.C., Canada M.P. Dehnel, J.J. Munich D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
	At D-Pace’s Ion Source Test Facility (ISTF), we measure the extracted current of high-charge state ions from a hot cathode Penning ion source. Producing high-charge states of Boron, Arsenic, and Phosphorous is of interest to the ion implantation community. Higher-charge states allow these doping agents to be accelerated to higher energies within the same accelerating electric fields. When used for doping silicon semiconductors, this allows for deeper implantation of the ions. We use Argon and Helium gas as a proxy to determine whether the Penning ion source could be used for this application as it is less toxic to work with. The ability to reach charge states of greater than 4+ with Argon and 1+ with Helium leads to the possibility of producing highe-charge states of ions used in the ion implantation industry. This paper shows the extracted beam currents of Ar³⁺ - Ar⁶⁺ and alpha-ions for the hot cathode Penning ion source with variations in the confining magnetic field (0.4 - 0.95 T), gas flow (0.3 - 10 sccm), and arc discharge current (1 - 3 A).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST053
About •	Received ※ 27 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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WEPOTK016	Studies of ECR Plasmas and Materials Modification Using Low Energy Ion Beam Facility at IUAC	plasma, ECR, electron, cyclotron	2074
	P. Tripathi, P. Kumar, S.K. Singh IUAC, New Delhi, India
	The ECR ion sources are widely used to produce high intensities of highly charged positive ions. To increase their performance further, several techniques are employed. The addition of a lighter gas into the main plasma (so-called gas mixing) shows a substantial effect on the charge state distribution of highly charged ions. Although many theoretical models were used to explain this gas mixing effect, yet it is not fully understood. The low energy ion beam facility (LEIBF) at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India, which comprises a 10 GHz all-permanent magnet NANOGAN ECR source placed on a high voltage platform (400kV) has been used to develop several plasmas for the physical understanding of ions production and their confinement in a strong magnetic field. Further, the LEIBF allows us to extract ion beams from the plasma in the energy range of a few keV to tens of MeV for novel ion-matter interaction experiments. In this paper, the charge state distribution studies (relevant to gas mixing effect) of various atomic species at optimized ion source tuning parameters along with some interesting results on materials synthesis/modification using ion beams is presented. A. G. Drentje, Review of Scientific Instruments 74, 2631 (2003)/ **P. Kumar et al., Pramana 59(5):805-809(2002)/
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK016
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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WEPOTK017	An Efficient H^-/ D^- Extraction in Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Ion Sources	extraction, simulation, plasma, electron	2078
	V. Variale INFN-Bari, Bari, Italy M. Cavenago INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	Funding: INFN, DTT The negative ion source development has reached performances very close to those required by the ITER project; see for example the test facility ELISE results. A main residual problem seems to be the great amount of co-extracted electrons in the top part of the source. The introduction of a magnetic filter to remove the electrons from the extraction zone of the source causes ExB particle drifts (or shifts) which move both ions and electrons towards the top (or bottom depending on the B direction); in the top part the electron concentration and extracted current increase and that limits the extracted ion amount. In this contribution, as a possible solution, the application of a Planar Ion Funnel (PIF) extraction electric field configuration* on the source exit is proposed. The electric field line shape of PIF configuration, not only should break the perpendicularity between the magnetic filter B and the extraction electric field E in such a way to prevents the ExB particle drifts, but also should give a more efficient field shape for the H-/D- extraction. Preliminary simulations of D- and e^- trajectories are presented to confirm the efficiency of the PIF system. * B. Heinemann et al., Fusion Engineering and design (2021). ** A. Chaudhary et al., Rev. Sci. 85, 105101 (2014).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK017
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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WEPOTK020	Slanted Beam Extraction on Laser Ion Source	laser, extraction, plasma, solenoid	2090
	M. Okamura, S. Ikeda, T. Kanesue, S.A. Kondrashev BNL, Upton, New York, USA A. Cannavò NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	Funding: US DOE, Office of Science, under contract DE-SC0012704. Laser ion sources generate plasma and supply ions by focusing energy by light onto a solid surface. The ionization is achieved during the pulsed laser irradiation period. Then the plasma expands vertically from the target surface as it moves forward. Usually, this drift distance is chosen from tens of centimeters to several meters. Once the required pulse width and plasma density are met, an extraction electric field is applied. In most cases, this electric field is set in the same direction as the direction of the plasma. In this study, we experimentally verify how performance is achieved when the direction of the extraction field is at an angle to the direction of motion of the plasma. If the extraction field can be slanted without degradation of the ion source performance, it is considered to be able to shield neutral vapors and debris generated simultaneously with the plasma, which will be advantageous for the long-term operation of the laser ion source.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK020
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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THPOPT030	Design Study of 30 MeV Linac for a Compact THz Radiation Source	linac, electron, radiation, impedance	2643
	S. Jummunt, S. Chunjarean, N. Juntong, S. Klinkhieo SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand K. Manasatitpong Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
	Funding: This work is supported by Science, Research, and Innovation Fund (SRI Fund) A compact THz radiation source plays a possibility to achieve intense THz radiation at tunable frequencies between 0.5 and 5.0 THz, with a peak power of several MW and narrow-bandwidth. This source requires essentially the reliable high gradient s-band linear accelerator (linac) to provide an electron beam energy up to 30 MeV with high bunch charge. In order to obtain a high gradient linac mentioned, the cavity structure has been optimized and performed using the software CST. The preliminary design of linac and beam dynamics study are presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT030
About •	Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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THPOTK003	Optimization of Mass Resolution Parameters Combined with Ion Cooler Performance	rfq, emittance, simulation, experiment	2770
	M. Cavenago, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, A. Galatà, M. Maggiore, A. Pisent, C.R. Roncolato, M. Rossignoli, A. Ruzzon INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G. Maero, M. Romé Universita’ degli Studi di Milano e INFN, Milano, Italy V. Variale INFN-Bari, Bari, Italy
	High mass resolution spectrometers (HRMS) for separation of exotic ion species in nuclear physics experiment request a low emittance and small energy spread (with D E the peak-to-peak value, and sE the rms value) of the input beam, so that ion cooler devices, as a Radio Frequency Quadrupole Coolers (RFQC), are typically envisioned. The SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project at LNL requests M/(D M) about 20000, rms normalized emittance in the order of 2 nm, and for 160 keV ions, spread sE about 1 eV. Typical limits of RFQC[] and HRMS[] performances are discussed, and relevant formulas are implemented in easy reference tools. The necessary collisional data are reviewed, in particular for Cs+ against He gas, whose pressure ranges from 2 to 9 Pa; status of Milan test bench is briefly updated. Practical consideration on gas pumping, voltage stability and magnet design are also included. [] Cavenago et al. Optimization of ion transport in a combined RFQ Cooler …, in ICIS 2021 (in press) [**] M. Comunian et al. p. 3252 in proceedings IPAC2018 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK021
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK003
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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THPOMS037	Ripple Pattern Formation on Silicon Carbide Surfaces by Low-Energy Ion-Beam Erosion	radiation, experiment, HOM, cathode	3045
	D. Gupta, S. Aggarwal Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India R. Singhal Malviya Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India G.R. Umapathy IUAC, New Delhi, India
	A versatile air insulated high current medium energy 200 kV Ion Accelerator has been running successfully at Ion Beam Centre, Kurukshetra University, India for carrying out multifarious experiments in material science and surface physics. Ion beam induced structures on the surfaces of semiconductors have potential applications in photonics, magnetic devices, photovoltaics, and surface-wetting tailoring etc. In this regard, silicon carbide (SiC) is a fascinating wide-band gap semiconductor for high-temperature, high-power and high-frequency applications. In the present work, fabrication of self-organized ripple patterns is carried out on the SiC surfaces using 80 keV Ar+ ions for different fluences at oblique incidence of 500. Studies demonstrate that ripple wavelength and amplitude, ordering and homogeneity of these patterns vary linearly with argon ion fluence. The ripples tend to align themselves parallel to the projection of the ion beam direction. The evolution of such surface structures is explained with the help of existing formalisms of coupling between surface topography and preferential sputtering.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS037
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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THPOMS039	Investigation on Intermolecular Interactions in Ionic Liquids Using Accelerator-based THz Transition Radiation	experiment, radiation, electron, FEM	3053
	P. Nanthanasit, S. Rimjaem Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand N. Chattrapiban, P. Nimmanpipug, S. Rimjaem ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand M. Jitvisate Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	Ionic liquids (ILs) are interesting material that can be used in many applications. Spectroscopic measurement using accelerator-based terahertz transition radiation (THz TR) is one of potential techniques to investigate their intermolecular interactions by observing the vibra-tional bands in the terahertz region due to TR’s excep-tional properties: coherent, broadband, and high intensi-ty. This work aims to study intermolecular interactions of ILs using the THz TR produced from an electron beam at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory. The THz TR with the frequency range of 0.3-2.5 THz can be produced from electron beam of energy 10-25 MeV. This radiation is produced and transported to the experimental area, where it is used as the coherent and polarization selective light source for the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The absorption spectrum in the THz region of the ILs is then measured. In addition, to explain the experimental results deeply, theoretical calculations using the density functional theory are performed. In this contribution, we present the results from experiment and computational calculation that can be used together to describe the intermolecular interactions in ILs.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS039
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

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ReAccelerator Upgrade, Commissioning and First Experiments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) / Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB)

cryomodule, experiment, MMI, linac

101

A.C.C. Villari, G. Bollen, K.D. Davidson, K. Fukushima, A.I. Henriques, K. Holland, S.H. Kim, A. Lapierre, T. Maruta, D.G. Morris, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, J. Priller, B.M. Sherrill, R. Walker, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
B. Arend, D.B. Crisp, D.J. Morrissey, M. Steiner
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the NSF under grant PHY15-65546 and DOE-SC under award number DE-SC0000661
The reaccelerator ReA is a state-of-the-art super-conducting linac for reaccelerating rare isotope beams produced via inflight fragmentation or fission and subse-quent beam stopping. ReA was subject of an upgrade that increased its final beam energy from 3 MeV/u to 6 MeV/u for ions with charge over mass equal to 1/4. The upgrade included a new room-temperature rebuncher after the first section of acceleration, a new β = 0.085 QWR cryomodule and two new beamlines in a new ex-perimental vault. During commissioning, beams were accelerated with near 100 percent transport efficiency through the linac and delivered through beam transport lines. Measured beam characteristics match those calcu-lated. Following commissioning, stable and long living rare isotope beams from a Batch Mode Ion Source (BMIS) were accelerated and delivered to experiments. This con-tribution will briefly describe the upgrade, and results from beam commissioning and beam delivery for experi-ments.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST021

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOST032

A New Approach to Cyclotron Design

cyclotron, proton, extraction, cavity

133

O. Karamyshev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Cyclotrons are the oldest type of circular accelerators, with many applications, design of the majority of cyclotrons nowadays follow has become a standard for most of developers, and there is a clear trend for switching towards superconducting magnets to increase the magnet field level and descrease the size and weight. A new approach, described in this paper allowed the author to design a lineup of cyclotrons from 15 to 230 MeV as compact and power efficient as superconducting cyclotrons, but using copper coil.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST032

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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MOPOST036

Transverse Emittance Measurements of the Beams Produced by the ISOLDE Target Ion Sources

target, emittance, ISOL, quadrupole

144

N. Bidault
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The Isotope mass Separator On-Line DEvice (ISOLDE) is a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility based at CERN where rare isotopes are produced from 1.4 GeV-proton collisions with a target. The different types of targets and ion sources, operating conditions and ionization schemes used during the physics campaign results in extracted beams with various emittances. Characterizing the beam emittance allows deducing the transport efficiency to low-energy experimental stations (up to 60 keV) and the mass resolving power of the separators. We report on emittance measurements for different beams of stable elements extracted from surface and plasma ion sources. The dependence of the emittance on the different conditions of operation of the ion sources is investigated and the results are compared to previous measurements.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST036

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOPT037

Beam Measurement and Application of the Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Ion Source at KOMAC

radiation, extraction, vacuum, experiment

328

S.H. Lee, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) and the NRF (National Research Foundation) of Korea grant fund the Korea government (MSIT).
The metal ion beam facility is developed based on the MEVVA* ion source at the KOMAC**. The MEVVA ion source has advantage that it can be extract almost metal ion species as well as high current ion beam. After the installation, we measured beam properties such as peak beam current, beam profile depending on the operation condition. The average charge state is measured in order to estimate the total dose. We evaluate the beam stability through the long-term beam extraction, and the measured the cathode erosion rate too. In addition, as one of the application fields, we irradiate the metal beam on the cathode of the fuel cell and measured the performance. In this paper, the beam measurement results, are summarized and fuel cell performances after metal beam irradiation are discussed.
*Korea Multi-purpose of Accelerator Complex
**Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT037

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOMS018

Tungsten Electron Emitter (TE²) with Direct Heated Cathode by Plasma Stream

cathode, electron, plasma, gun

667

K.I. Thoma, M. Droba, T. Dönges, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, K. Schulte-Urlichs
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
K. Schulte-Urlichs, K.I. Thoma
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

At Goethe-University, a novel concept of heating metallic cathodes is currently under investigation. In the scope of the ARIES collaboration WP16, an RF-modulated electron gun was developed and manufactured for application in electron lenses for space charge compensation. The goal of this project is to increase the intensity of primary beams, especially in low energy booster synchrotrons like the SIS18 and SIS100 at GSI/FAIR or the SPS at CERN. The gun was designed to produce electron currents of 10 A at extraction voltages of 30 kV. The tungsten electron emitter (TE²) and the grid electrode were designed and manufactured to be integrated in the extractor of the original volume type ion source. Significant effort was put into a robust and flexible design with highly reliable key components. The cathode is heated by a plasma stream generated in the plasma chamber of the source. Different heating options of the cathode are currently being studied. This contribution presents the working principles of the electron gun and first measurements results of cathode heating.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS018

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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TUIYGD1

The Status of the ESS Project

target, cryomodule, neutron, linac

792

A. Jansson
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Funding: Talk given on behalf of the ESS Accelerator Collaboration.
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the world’s most powerful linear accelerator driving a neutron spallation source, with an ultimate beam average power of 5 MW at 2.0 GeV. The LINAC accelerates a proton beam of 62.5 mA peak current at 4 % duty cycle (2.86 ms at 14 Hz). The accelerator uses a normal conducting front-end bring-ing the beam energy to 90 MeV, beyond that the accelera-tion up to 2 GeV is performed using superconducting structures. The accelerator is built by a European collabo-ration consisting of 23 European institutes delivering in-kind contributions of most hardware but also of services for installation and testing. More than half of the original 510 Mâ¬ for the accelerator budget being in form of in-kind contributions. This talk will give an overview of the status of the ESS accelerator and comment on the chal-lenges the accelerator collaboration has encountered and how we together are addressing these challenges.

Slides TUIYGD1 [23.318 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD1

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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TUIYGD2

The Present Status and Future Plan with Charge Stripper Ring at RIKEN RIBF

cyclotron, quadrupole, acceleration, factory

796

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF), providing the world’s most intense heavy-ion beams more than 345 AMeV, is a leading facility for generating in-flight RI beams. RIBF has been steadily developing its performance after since 2006. In particular, the beam intensity of uranium beams, which is important to produce in-flight fission RI beams, was drastically increased by a factor of 240 compared to 2008. For further intensity upgrade of the uranium beams, the total charge stripping efficiency less than 5% of two strippers, He gas and rotating graphite sheet disk strippers, is a serious bottleneck. A new acceleration scheme with charge stripper rings (CSRs) as a cost-effective way to enhance the charge stripping efficiency has been proposed. The CSR recycles beams other than the selected charge state that was previously dumped. These beams are orbited in the CSR while suppressing emittance growth, and then re-enter the stripper. The CSR is being studied as a future plan, aiming at a 10-fold increase in the intensity of the uranium beams. The present status and the future plan with the CSR at RIBF will be presented.

Slides TUIYGD2 [4.735 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD2

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Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Revised ※ 19 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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TUPOTK030

X-Rays Energy Measurements During the RFQ Conditioning at the European Spallation Source

rfq, detector, electron, background

1275

E. Laface, C.G. Maiano, R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
O. Piquet
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) was conditioned at the European Spallation Source during spring 2021. We used part of the conditioning time to estimate the accelerating potential within the RFQ analyzing the x-rays bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by the electrons released and accelerated in the RFQ. The results of these measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK030

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOMS062

Overall Performance of 26 Power Stations at 400 kW - 352 MHz

cavity, radio-frequency, controls, linac

1573

C. Pasotti, A. Cuttin
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

The spoke cavities section of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Linac will be powered by 26 Radio Frequency Power Stations (RFPSs). Each RFPS delivers 400 kW of Radio Frequency (RF) power at 352.21 MHz in pulsed mode at a repetition rate up to 14 Hz and a 5 % duty cycle, thanks to a twin tetrodes RF power sources integration. This equipment belongs to the Italian In-Kind Contributions (IKCs) to ESS. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A (Elettra) is responsible for the development, manufacturing and commissioning of the RFPSs and is managing the RFPS manufacturing contract awarded to European Science Solutions s.r.l (ESS-It). So far, 24 units have been delivered and, by mid 2022, the entire contribution, plus a complete spare unit, will be delivered to ESS. The overall performance of the RFPSs, the lessons learned, and the optimizations adopted along the manufacturing process and the difficulties that the COVID-19 pandemic has posed along the way are presented in this contribution.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS062

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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WEOXSP1

Proposal for a Compact Neutron Generator Based on a Negative Deuterium Ion Beam

neutron, target, electron, radiation

1599

K. Jimbo, T. Shirai
QST-NIRS, Chiba, Japan
K. Leung
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
K.A. Van Bibber
UCB, Berkeley, California, USA

Interest in high intensity generators of neutrons for basic and applied science has been growing, and thus the demand for an economical neutron generator has been growing. A major driver for the development of high intensity neutron generators are studies of neutron disturbance in integrated circuits, for which a compact generator that can be easily accommodated in an ordinary size lab would be highly desirable. We have investigated possible designs for neutron generators based on the D-D fusion reaction, which produce direction dependent mono-energetic neutrons with carry-off energy larger than 2.45 MeV. Specifically, we find a negative deuterium ion beam most attractive for this application, and plan to construct such a system with a negative deuterium ion beam of 200 keV energy and 100 mA current as a prototype of this concept.

Slides WEOXSP1 [2.581 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOXSP1

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Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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WEPOST052

Influence of Plasma Electrode Aperture Size on Beam Emittance From a Multicusp Ion Source

plasma, emittance, extraction, experiment

1813

A.M. George, M.P. Dehnel, S.V. Melanson, J.J. Munich
D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
N. Broderick
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

D-Pace’s TRIUMF-licensed multicusp filament ion source is capable of producing H⁻ beams up to 17.4 mA*. In most cases, the H⁻ beam is transported to the entrance of an accelerator or a magnet for further applications. The emittance of the beam extracted from the ion source should be maintained as low as possible to reduce the beam losses to the walls of the transport pipes. The beam emittance from the ion source can be controlled by changing the aperture diameter of the plasma electrode. The current study deals with the range of H⁻ beam emittance that can be achieved from D-Pace’s filament ion source, using different plasma electrode aperture sizes. The corresponding beam currents and the electron to ion ratios are also reported.
* Melanson, S., M. Dehnel, D. Potkins, H. McDonald, and C. Philpott. "H-, D-, C2-: a comparison of RF and filament powered volume-cusp ion sources." Ele 5 (2017): 10.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST052

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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WEPOST053

Extraction of High-Charge State Argon and α-Particles from D-Pace Penning Ion Source Test Stand

operation, extraction, cathode, experiment

1816

N. Savard
UBC, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
M.P. Dehnel, J.J. Munich
D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada

At D-Pace’s Ion Source Test Facility (ISTF), we measure the extracted current of high-charge state ions from a hot cathode Penning ion source. Producing high-charge states of Boron, Arsenic, and Phosphorous is of interest to the ion implantation community. Higher-charge states allow these doping agents to be accelerated to higher energies within the same accelerating electric fields. When used for doping silicon semiconductors, this allows for deeper implantation of the ions. We use Argon and Helium gas as a proxy to determine whether the Penning ion source could be used for this application as it is less toxic to work with. The ability to reach charge states of greater than 4+ with Argon and 1+ with Helium leads to the possibility of producing highe-charge states of ions used in the ion implantation industry. This paper shows the extracted beam currents of Ar³⁺ - Ar⁶⁺ and alpha-ions for the hot cathode Penning ion source with variations in the confining magnetic field (0.4 - 0.95 T), gas flow (0.3 - 10 sccm), and arc discharge current (1 - 3 A).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST053

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Received ※ 27 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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WEPOTK016

Studies of ECR Plasmas and Materials Modification Using Low Energy Ion Beam Facility at IUAC

plasma, ECR, electron, cyclotron

2074

P. Tripathi, P. Kumar, S.K. Singh
IUAC, New Delhi, India

The ECR ion sources are widely used to produce high intensities of highly charged positive ions*. To increase their performance further, several techniques are employed. The addition of a lighter gas into the main plasma (so-called gas mixing) shows a substantial effect on the charge state distribution of highly charged ions. Although many theoretical models were used to explain this gas mixing effect, yet it is not fully understood. The low energy ion beam facility (LEIBF) at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India, which comprises a 10 GHz all-permanent magnet NANOGAN ECR source placed on a high voltage platform (400kV) has been used to develop several plasmas for the physical understanding of ions production and their confinement in a strong magnetic field**. Further, the LEIBF allows us to extract ion beams from the plasma in the energy range of a few keV to tens of MeV for novel ion-matter interaction experiments. In this paper, the charge state distribution studies (relevant to gas mixing effect) of various atomic species at optimized ion source tuning parameters along with some interesting results on materials synthesis/modification using ion beams is presented.
*A. G. Drentje, Review of Scientific Instruments 74, 2631 (2003)/ **P. Kumar et al., Pramana 59(5):805-809(2002)/

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK016

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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WEPOTK017

An Efficient H^-/ D^- Extraction in Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Ion Sources

extraction, simulation, plasma, electron

2078

V. Variale
INFN-Bari, Bari, Italy
M. Cavenago
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Funding: INFN, DTT
The negative ion source development has reached performances very close to those required by the ITER project; see for example the test facility ELISE results*. A main residual problem seems to be the great amount of co-extracted electrons in the top part of the source. The introduction of a magnetic filter to remove the electrons from the extraction zone of the source causes ExB particle drifts (or shifts) which move both ions and electrons towards the top (or bottom depending on the B direction); in the top part the electron concentration and extracted current increase and that limits the extracted ion amount. In this contribution, as a possible solution, the application of a Planar Ion Funnel (PIF) extraction electric field configuration** on the source exit is proposed. The electric field line shape of PIF configuration, not only should break the perpendicularity between the magnetic filter B and the extraction electric field E in such a way to prevents the ExB particle drifts, but also should give a more efficient field shape for the H-/D- extraction. Preliminary simulations of D- and e^- trajectories are presented to confirm the efficiency of the PIF system.
* B. Heinemann et al., Fusion Engineering and design (2021).
** A. Chaudhary et al., Rev. Sci. 85, 105101 (2014).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK017

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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WEPOTK020

Slanted Beam Extraction on Laser Ion Source

laser, extraction, plasma, solenoid

2090

M. Okamura, S. Ikeda, T. Kanesue, S.A. Kondrashev
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
A. Cannavò
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

Funding: US DOE, Office of Science, under contract DE-SC0012704.
Laser ion sources generate plasma and supply ions by focusing energy by light onto a solid surface. The ionization is achieved during the pulsed laser irradiation period. Then the plasma expands vertically from the target surface as it moves forward. Usually, this drift distance is chosen from tens of centimeters to several meters. Once the required pulse width and plasma density are met, an extraction electric field is applied. In most cases, this electric field is set in the same direction as the direction of the plasma. In this study, we experimentally verify how performance is achieved when the direction of the extraction field is at an angle to the direction of motion of the plasma. If the extraction field can be slanted without degradation of the ion source performance, it is considered to be able to shield neutral vapors and debris generated simultaneously with the plasma, which will be advantageous for the long-term operation of the laser ion source.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK020

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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THPOPT030

Design Study of 30 MeV Linac for a Compact THz Radiation Source

linac, electron, radiation, impedance

2643

S. Jummunt, S. Chunjarean, N. Juntong, S. Klinkhieo
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
K. Manasatitpong
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand

Funding: This work is supported by Science, Research, and Innovation Fund (SRI Fund)
A compact THz radiation source plays a possibility to achieve intense THz radiation at tunable frequencies between 0.5 and 5.0 THz, with a peak power of several MW and narrow-bandwidth. This source requires essentially the reliable high gradient s-band linear accelerator (linac) to provide an electron beam energy up to 30 MeV with high bunch charge. In order to obtain a high gradient linac mentioned, the cavity structure has been optimized and performed using the software CST. The preliminary design of linac and beam dynamics study are presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT030

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Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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THPOTK003

Optimization of Mass Resolution Parameters Combined with Ion Cooler Performance

rfq, emittance, simulation, experiment

2770

M. Cavenago, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, A. Galatà, M. Maggiore, A. Pisent, C.R. Roncolato, M. Rossignoli, A. Ruzzon
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G. Maero, M. Romé
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano e INFN, Milano, Italy
V. Variale
INFN-Bari, Bari, Italy

High mass resolution spectrometers (HRMS) for separation of exotic ion species in nuclear physics experiment request a low emittance and small energy spread (with D E the peak-to-peak value, and sE the rms value) of the input beam, so that ion cooler devices, as a Radio Frequency Quadrupole Coolers (RFQC), are typically envisioned. The SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project at LNL requests M/(D M) about 20000, rms normalized emittance in the order of 2 nm, and for 160 keV ions, spread sE about 1 eV. Typical limits of RFQC[*] and HRMS[**] performances are discussed, and relevant formulas are implemented in easy reference tools. The necessary collisional data are reviewed, in particular for Cs+ against He gas, whose pressure ranges from 2 to 9 Pa; status of Milan test bench is briefly updated. Practical consideration on gas pumping, voltage stability and magnet design are also included.
[*] Cavenago et al. Optimization of ion transport in a combined RFQ Cooler …, in ICIS 2021 (in press)
[**] M. Comunian et al. p. 3252 in proceedings IPAC2018 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK021

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK003

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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THPOMS037

Ripple Pattern Formation on Silicon Carbide Surfaces by Low-Energy Ion-Beam Erosion

radiation, experiment, HOM, cathode

3045

D. Gupta, S. Aggarwal
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
R. Singhal
Malviya Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
G.R. Umapathy
IUAC, New Delhi, India

A versatile air insulated high current medium energy 200 kV Ion Accelerator has been running successfully at Ion Beam Centre, Kurukshetra University, India for carrying out multifarious experiments in material science and surface physics. Ion beam induced structures on the surfaces of semiconductors have potential applications in photonics, magnetic devices, photovoltaics, and surface-wetting tailoring etc. In this regard, silicon carbide (SiC) is a fascinating wide-band gap semiconductor for high-temperature, high-power and high-frequency applications. In the present work, fabrication of self-organized ripple patterns is carried out on the SiC surfaces using 80 keV Ar+ ions for different fluences at oblique incidence of 500. Studies demonstrate that ripple wavelength and amplitude, ordering and homogeneity of these patterns vary linearly with argon ion fluence. The ripples tend to align themselves parallel to the projection of the ion beam direction. The evolution of such surface structures is explained with the help of existing formalisms of coupling between surface topography and preferential sputtering.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS037

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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THPOMS039

Investigation on Intermolecular Interactions in Ionic Liquids Using Accelerator-based THz Transition Radiation

experiment, radiation, electron, FEM

3053

P. Nanthanasit, S. Rimjaem
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
N. Chattrapiban, P. Nimmanpipug, S. Rimjaem
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
M. Jitvisate
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Ionic liquids (ILs) are interesting material that can be used in many applications. Spectroscopic measurement using accelerator-based terahertz transition radiation (THz TR) is one of potential techniques to investigate their intermolecular interactions by observing the vibra-tional bands in the terahertz region due to TR’s excep-tional properties: coherent, broadband, and high intensi-ty. This work aims to study intermolecular interactions of ILs using the THz TR produced from an electron beam at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory. The THz TR with the frequency range of 0.3-2.5 THz can be produced from electron beam of energy 10-25 MeV. This radiation is produced and transported to the experimental area, where it is used as the coherent and polarization selective light source for the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The absorption spectrum in the THz region of the ILs is then measured. In addition, to explain the experimental results deeply, theoretical calculations using the density functional theory are performed. In this contribution, we present the results from experiment and computational calculation that can be used together to describe the intermolecular interactions in ILs.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS039

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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