Keyword: proton
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MOOYGD2 The AWAKE Experiment in 2021: Performance and Preliminary Results on Electron-Seeding of Self-Modulation electron, plasma, wakefield, experiment 21
 
  • E. Gschwendtner, L. Verra, G. Zevi Della Porta
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • P. Muggli, L. Verra
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
  • P. Muggli
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  • L. Verra
    TUM, Munich, Germany
 
  The future programme of the Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN relies on the seeded self-modulation of an entire proton bunch, resulting in phase-reproducible micro-bunches. This important milestone was achieved during the 2021 proton run by injecting a short electron bunch ahead of the proton bunch, demonstrating for the first time the electron-seeding of proton bunch self-modulation. This talk describes the programme, performance and preliminary results of the AWAKE experiment in the 2021 proton run, and introduces the program of the 2022 proton run. The observation of electron-seeded self-modulation opens new avenues of exploration which will be studied in 2022, including the effect of a phase difference between the front and the back of a proton bunch and the possibility of reproducibly seeding the hosing instability using the electron beam.  
slides icon Slides MOOYGD2 [7.040 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOOYGD2  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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MOPOST004 Beam-Based Measurement of Skew-Sextupole Errors in the CERN Proton Synchrotron sextupole, coupling, dipole, resonance 46
 
  • S.J. Horney, A. Huschauer, E.H. Maclean
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  During Proton Synchrotron (PS) commissioning in 2021, large beam losses were observed when crossing the 3Qy resonance if the Beam Gas Ionization (BGI) profile monitor was enabled. This indicated the presence of a strong skew-sextupole source in this instrument. Beam-based measurements of the skew sextupole component in the BGI magnet were performed, in order to benchmark the BGI magnetic model and to provide quantitative checks of sextupole corrections determined empirically to minimize the beam-losses. In this contribution, results of the successfully performed measurements are presented, including tune feed-down, chromatic coupling and resonance driving terms.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST004  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 18 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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MOPOST006 Beam Commissioning and Optimisation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron After the Upgrade of the LHC Injectors MMI, vacuum, operation, synchrotron 54
 
  • A. Huschauer, M.R. Coly, D.G. Cotte, H. Damerau, M. Delrieux, J.-C. Dumont, Y. Dutheil, S.E.R. Easton, M.A. Fraser, O. Hans, G.I. Imesch, S. Joly, A. Lasheen, C.L. Lombard, R. Maillet, B. Mikulec, J.-M. Nonglaton, S. Sainz Perez, B. Salvant, R. Suykerbuyk, F. Tecker, R. Valera Teruel
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) in the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. After 2 years of installation work, the Proton Synchrotron (PS) was restarted in 2021 with the goal to achieve pre-LS2 beam quality by the end of 2021. This contribution details the main beam commissioning milestones, encountered difficulties and lessons learned. The status of the fixed-target and LHC beams will be given and improvements in terms of performance, controls and tools described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST006  
About • Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOST008 Simulations of Protons to Extraction at Gγ=7.5 in the AGS Booster resonance, dipole, booster, polarization 62
 
  • K. Hock, H. Huang, F. Méot
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
To prepare for polarized helion collisions at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), polarization transmission at the injectors for the Hadron Storage Ring must be studied and optimized. To this effect, an AC dipole has been installed in the AGS Booster to maximize polarization transmission of helions through several intrinsic resonances. This installation also allows polarized protons to be extracted at higher energy without polarization loss. By increasing the proton extraction energy from $Gγ$ = 4.5 to $Gγ$ = 7.5, protons will cross the $Gγ$ = 0 + νy$ and $Gγ = 12 - νy$ depolarizing vertical intrinsic resonances, the $Gγ$ = 5, 6, and 7 imperfection resonances in addition to the $Gγ$ = 3, 4 that are crossed in the present configuration, and be injected into the AGS at a higher rigidity. By simulation, it is determined that there is sufficient strength of the AC dipole to fully flip the spin spin through each of the intrinsic resonances, and there is sufficient corrector current to preserve polarization through the three additional imperfection resonances. The higher injection rigidity facilitates the horizontal and vertical tunes being placed inside the AGS spin-tune gap at injection due to a substantial improvement on the AGS admittance at injection.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST008  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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MOPOST014 The 325 MHz FAIR pLinac Ladder RFQ - Final Assembly for Commissioning rfq, linac, coupling, vacuum 82
 
  • M. Schuett, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • C.M. Kleffner, K. Knie
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Based on the positive results of the unmodulated 325 MHz Ladder-RFQ prototype from 2013 to 2016, we developed and designed a modulated 3.4 m Ladder-RFQ*. The Ladder-RFQ features a very constant voltage along the axis as well as low dipole modes. The unmodulated prototype accepted 3 times the operating power of which is needed in operation** corresponding to a Kilpatrick factor of 3.1 with a pulse length of 200 µs. The 325 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate protons from 95 keV to 3.0 MeV according to the design parameters of the proton linac within the FAIR project***. This particular high frequency for a 4-ROD-RFQ creates difficulties, which triggered the development of a Ladder-RFQ with its high symmetry. The results of the unmodulated prototype have shown, that the Ladder-RFQ is very well suited for that frequency. For the applied cooling concept, the Ladder-RFQ can be driven up to a duty factor of 10%. Manufacturing has been completed in September 2018. The final flatness & frequency tuning as well as the final assembly have been completed. We present the final RF measurements and assembly steps getting the Ladder-RFQ ready for shipment and high power RF test prior to assembly.
*Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 874 (2017) 012048
**Proceedings of LINAC2016, East Lansing, TUPLR053
***Proceedings of LINAC20118, pp.787-789
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST014  
About • Received ※ 12 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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MOPOST016 Proton Linac Design for the High Brilliance Neutron Source HBS cavity, rfq, linac, neutron 90
 
  • M. Schwarz, M. Droba, K. Kümpel, S. Lamprecht, O. Meusel, N.F. Petry, H. Podlech
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • J. Baggemann, Th. Brückel, T. Gutberlet, E. Mauerhofer, U. Rücker, A. Schwab, P. Zakalek
    JCNS, Jülich, Germany
  • J. Li
    IEK, Jülich, Germany
  • C. Zhang
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Due to the decommissioning of several reactors, only about half of the neutrons will be available for research in Europe in the next decade despite the commissioning of the ESS. High-Current Accelerator-driven Neutron Sources (HiCANS) could fill this gap. The High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) currently under development at Forschungszentrum Jülich is scalable in terms of beam energy and power due to its modular design. The driver linac will accelerate a 100 mA proton beam to 70 MeV. The linac is operated with a beam duty cycle of up to 13.6 % (15.3 % RF duty cycle) and can simultaneously deliver three pulse lengths (208 µs, 833 µs and 2 ms) for three neutron target stations. In order to minimize the development effort and the technological risk, state-of-the-art technology of the MYRRHA injector is used. The HBS linac consists of a front end (ECR source, LEBT, 2.5 MeV double RFQ) and a CH-DTL section with 44 room temperature CH-cavities. All RF structures are operated at 176.1 MHz and are designed for high duty cycle. Solid-state amplifiers up to 500 kW are used as RF drivers. Due to the beam current and the high average beam power of up to 952 kW, particular attention is paid to beam dynamics. In order to minimize beam losses, a quasi-periodic lattice with constant negative phase is used. This paper describes the conceptual design and the challenges of a modern high-power and high-current proton accelerator with high reliability and availability.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST016  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
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MOPOST020 In-Kind Contributions: The PIP-II Project at Fermilab controls, linac, framework, alignment 98
 
  • L. Lari, L. Merminga, A.M. Rowe
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) Project is the first U.S. accelerator project that has significant contributions from international partners. A project management framework was created to fully integrate and make consistent across all partners the design, development, and delivery of In-Kind Contributions (IKC) into PIP-II. This framework consists of planning documentation, procedures, and communication and assessment processes to control schedule, risk, quality, and technical integration over the lifetime of the project. The purpose of this paper is to present the PIP-II IKC model put in place to properly integrate the IKC deliverables into the PIP-II Linac and share experience and lessons learned from its early implementation.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST020  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOST024 A Local Modification of HL-LHC Optics for Improved Performance of the Alice Fixed-Target Layout target, collimation, experiment, optics 108
 
  • M. Patecki, D. Kikoła
    Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  • A.S. Fomin, P.D. Hermes, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement number 101003442 - FIXEDTARGETLAND.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator colliding beams of protons and lead ions at energies up to 7 TeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively. ALICE is one of the detector experiments optimised for heavy-ion collisions. A fixed-target experiment in ALICE is considered to collide a portion of the beam halo, split using a bent crystal, with an internal target placed a few meters upstream of the detector. Fixed-target collisions offer many physics opportunities related to hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma to extend the research potential of the CERN accelerator complex. Production of physics events depends on the particle flux on target. The machine layout for the fixed-target experiment is being developed to provide a flux of particles on a target high enough to exploit the full capabilities of the ALICE detector acquisition system. In this paper, we discuss a method of increasing the system’s performance by applying a local modification of optics to set the crystal at the optimal betatron phase.
marcin.patecki@pw.edu.pl
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST024  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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MOPOST029 Fast Cycling FFA Permanent Magnet Synchrotron synchrotron, permanent-magnet, acceleration, cavity 126
 
  • D. Trbojevic, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, S.J. Brooks
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work performed under the Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of US Department of Energy
We present a novel concept of the Fixed-Field-Alternating (FFA) small racetrack proton accelerator 10x6 size, with kinetic energy range between 30-250 MeV made of permanent magnets. The horizontal and vertical tunes are fixed within the energy range, as the magnets The combined function magnets have additional sextupole and octupole multipoles the chromatic corrections, providing very fast cycling with a frequency of 1.3 KHz. The injector is 30 MeV commercially available cyclotron with RF frequency of 65 MHz. The permanent magnet synchrotron RF frequency is 390 MHz and acceleration uses the phase jump scheme.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST029  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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MOPOST030 Proton Irradiation Site for Si-Detectors at the Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron radiation, cyclotron, site, HOM 130
 
  • D. Sauerland, R. Beck, P.D. Eversheim
    HISKP, Bonn, Germany
  • J. Dingfelder, P. Wolf
    SiLab, Bonn, Germany
 
  The Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron provides proton, deuteron, alpha particle and other light ion beams with a charge-to-mass ratio Q/A of ’ 1/2 and kinetic energies ranging from 7 to 14 MeV per nucleon. At a novel irradiation site, a 14 MeV proton beam with a diameter of a few mm is utilized to homogeneously irradiate silicon detectors, so-called devices under test (DUTs), to perform radiation hardness studies. Homogeneous irradiation is achieved by moving the DUT through the beam in a row-wise scan pattern with constant velocity and a row separation smaller than the beam diameter. During the irradiation procedure, the beam parameters are continuously measured non-destructively using a calibrated, secondary electron emission-based beam monitor, installed at the exit window of the beamline. The diagnostics and the irradiation procedure ensure a homogeneous irradiation with a proton fluence error of smaller than 2 %. In this work, an overview of the accelerator facility is given and the irradiation site with its beam diagnostics is presented in detail.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST030  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022  
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MOPOST032 A New Approach to Cyclotron Design cyclotron, extraction, cavity, ion-source 133
 
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Cyclotrons are the oldest type of circular accelerators, with many applications, design of the majority of cyclotrons nowadays follow has become a standard for most of developers, and there is a clear trend for switching towards superconducting magnets to increase the magnet field level and descrease the size and weight. A new approach, described in this paper allowed the author to design a lineup of cyclotrons from 15 to 230 MeV as compact and power efficient as superconducting cyclotrons, but using copper coil.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST032  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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MOPOST043 Testing the Global Diffusive Behaviour of Beam-Halo Dynamics at the CERN LHC Using Collimator Scans beam-losses, collider, emittance, hadron 172
 
  • C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani
    Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
  • M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari, S. Redaelli
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • A.A. Gorzawski
    University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
 
  In superconducting circular particle accelerators, controlling beam losses is of paramount importance for ensuring optimal machine performance and an efficient operation. To achieve the required level of understanding of the mechanisms underlying beam losses, models based on global diffusion processes have recently been studied and proposed to investigate the beam-halo dynamics. In these models, the building block of the analytical form of the diffusion coefficient is the stability-time estimate of the Nekhoroshev theorem. In this paper, the developed models are applied to data acquired during collimation scans at the CERN LHC. In these measurements, the collimators are moved in steps and the tail population is re-constructed from the observed losses. This allows an estimate of the diffusion coefficient. The results of the analyses performed are presented and discussed in detail.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST043  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOST050 Third-Order Resonance Compensation at the FNAL Recycler Ring resonance, sextupole, experiment, operation 195
 
  • C.E. Gonzalez-Ortiz
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • R. Ainsworth
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • P.N. Ostroumov
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  The Recycler Ring (RR) at the Fermilab Accelerator Complex performs slip-stacking on 8 GeV protons, doubling the beam intensity delivered to the Main Injector (MI). At MI, the beam is accelerated to 120 GeV and delivered to the high energy neutrino experiments. Femilab’s Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) will require the Recycler to store 50% more beam. Simulations have shown that the space charge tune shift at this new intensity will lead to the excitation of multiple resonance lines. Specifically, this study looks at normal sextupole lines 3 Qx=76 and Qx+2Qy=74, plus skew sextupole lines 3 Qy=73 and 2 Qx+Qy=75. Dedicated normal and skew sextupoles have been installed in order to compensate for these resonance lines. By measuring and calculating the Resonance Driving Terms (RDT), this study shows how each of the resonance lines can be compensated independently. Furthermore, this study shows and discusses initial investigations into compensating multiple lines simultaneously.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST050  
About • Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022  
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MOPOPT010 Status of Diamond and LGAD Based Beam-Detectors for the mCBM and CBM Experiments at GSI and FAIR detector, experiment, monitoring, heavy-ion 247
 
  • A. Rost, P.-A. Loizeau
    FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany
  • I. Deppner, N. Herrmann, E. Rubio
    Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
  • J. Frühauf, T. Galatyuk, M. Kis, J. Pietraszko, M. Träger, F. Ulrich-Pur
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • T. Galatyuk, V. Kedych, W. Krüger
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 871072.
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment* is currently under construction at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The aim of the experiment is the exploration of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram of matter at high net-baryon densities and for moderate temperatures. In this contribution a beam monitoring (BMON) system will be presented which will include a high-speed time-zero (T0) detector. The detector system must meet the requirements of the CBM time-of-flight (ToF) measurement system for proton and heavy-ion beams and should also allow for beam monitoring. The detector technology is planned to be based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond basis but also new Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) developments are evaluated. In this contribution the beam detector concept will be presented and the results of first prototype tests in the mini-CBM setup will be shown.
*P. Senger, Exploring Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory - The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at FAIR, Particles, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 499-510, 2019.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT010  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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MOPOPT042 Recent AWAKE Diagnostics Development and Operational Results electron, plasma, laser, experiment 343
 
  • E. Senes, S. Burger, M. Krupa, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, E. Poimenidou, A. Topaloudis, M. Wendt, G. Zevi Della Porta
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • P. Burrows, C. Pakuza
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • P. Burrows, C. Pakuza
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • D.A. Cooke
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  • J. Wolfenden
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • J. Wolfenden
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  The Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN investigates the Plasma-Wakefield acceleration of electrons driven by a relativistic proton bunch. After successfully demonstrating the acceleration process in the AWAKE Run 1, the experiment has now started the Run 2. The AWAKE Run 2 consists of several experimental periods that aim to demonstrate the feasibility of the AWAKE concept beyond the acceleration experiment, showing its feasibility as accelerator for particle physics application. As part of these developments, a dramatic effort in improving the AWAKE instrumentation is sustained. This contribution reports on the current developments of the instrumentation pool upgrade, including the digital camera system for transverse beam profile measurement, beam halo measurement and the spectrometer upgrade studies. The studies on the development of high-frequency beam position monitors are also described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT042  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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MOPOPT048 Design of a Prototype Gas Jet Profile Monitor for Installation Into the Large Hadron Collider at CERN electron, vacuum, experiment, photon 363
 
  • R. Veness, M. Ady, C. Castro Sequeiro, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, I. Papazoglou, A. Rossi, G. Schneider, O. Sedláček, K. Sidorowski
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • P. Forck, S. Udrea
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, O. Sedláček, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, O. Sedláček, O. Stringer, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
 
  The Beam-Gas Curtain or BGC is the baseline instrument for monitoring the concentricity of the LHC proton beam with a hollow electron beam for the hollow e-lens (HEL) beam halo suppression device which is part of the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade. The proof-of-principles experiments of this gas-jet monitor have now been developed into a prototype instrument which has been built for integration into the LHC ring and is now under phased installation for operation in the upcoming LHC run. This paper describes the challenges overcome to produce a gas-jet fluorescence monitor for the ultra-high vacuum accelerator environment. It also presents preliminary results from the installation of the instrument at CERN.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT048  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOPT053 A Beam Position Monitor for Electron Bunch Detection in the Presence of a More Intense Proton Bunch for the AWAKE Experiment electron, plasma, radiation, experiment 381
 
  • C. Pakuza, P. Burrows
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • P. Burrows, C. Pakuza
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • R. Corsini, W. Farabolini, P. Korysko, M. Krupa, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, E. Senes, M. Wendt
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN uses 6 cm long proton bunches extracted from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at 400 GeV beam energy to drive high gradient plasma wakefields for the acceleration of electron bunches to 2 GeV within a 10 m length. Knowledge and control of the position of both copropagating beams is crucial for the operation of the experiment. Whilst the current electron beam position monitoring system at AWAKE can be used in the absence of the proton beam, the proton bunch signal dominates when both particle bunches are present simultaneously. A new technique based on the generation of Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) in a dielectric material placed in close proximity to the particle beam has been designed to exploit the large bunch length difference of the particle beams at AWAKE, 200 ps for protons versus a few ps for electrons, such that the electron signal dominates. Hence, this technique would allow for the position measurement of a short electron bunch in the presence of a more intense but longer proton bunch. The design considerations, numerical analysis and plans for tests at the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) facility are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT053  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPOTK015 ENUBET’s Multi Momentum Secondary Beam Line target, kaon, secondary-beams, extraction 469
 
  • E.G. Parozzi, G. Brunetti, F. Terranova
    Universita Milano Bicocca, MILANO, Italy
  • G. Brunetti, F. Terranova
    INFN MIB, MILANO, Italy
  • N. Charitonidis
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • A. Longhin, M. Pari, F. Pupilli
    INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • A. Longhin
    Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
 
  In order to study the remaining open questions concerning CP violation and neutrino mass hierarchy, as well as to search for physics beyond the Standard Model, future experiments require precise measurements of the neutrino interaction cross-sections in the GeV/c regime. The absence of a precise knowledge of the neutrino flux currently limits this measurement to a 10-20% uncertainty level. The ENUBET project is proposing a novel facility, capable of constraining the neutrino flux normalization through the precise monitoring of kaon decay products in an instrumented decay tunnel. The collaboration has conducted numerous studies using a beam-line with a central Kaon momentum of 8.5 GeV/c and a ±10% momentum spread. We present here the design of a new beam-line, broadening the range of Kaons to include momenta of 4, 6, and 8.5 GeV/c, thus allowing ENUBET to explore cross-sections over a much larger energy range. In this contribution, we discuss the status of this design, the optimization studies performed, the early results, and the expected performance in terms of kaon and neutrino rates. We also present the first estimations of the background expected to be seen by the experiment.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK015  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPOTK024 Quasi-Frozen Spin Concept of Magneto-Optical Structure of NICA Adapted to Study the Electric Dipole Moment of the Deuteron and to Search for the Axion storage-ring, dipole, lattice, insertion 492
 
  • Y. Senichev, A.E. Aksentyev, S.D. Kolokolchikov, A.A. Melnikov
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • A.E. Aksentyev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • V. Ladygin, E. Syresin
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • N. Nikolaev
    Landau ITP, Chernogolovka, Russia
 
  Funding: We acknowledge a support by the joint Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft (DFG) and Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 22-42-04419
The "frozen spin" method is based on the fact that at a certain parameters of the ring, the particle spin rotates with the frequency of the momentum, creating conditions for the continuous growth of the electric dipole moment signal. Since a straightforward implementation of the frozen spin regime at NICA is not possible, we suggest an alternative quasi-frozen spin approach concept. In this new regime, the spin oscillates about particle orbit with the spin phase advance pi*gamma*G/2, locally recovering the longitudinal orientation at the location of the electric-magnetic Wien filters in the straight sections. In the case of deuterons, thanks to the small magnetic anomaly G, the spin continuously oscillates relative to the direction of the momentum with a small amplitude of a few degrees and the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent. In this paper, we study the spin-orbital motion with the aim of using the NICA collider to measure the EDM. We also comment on the potential of NICA as an axion antenna in both the quasi-frozen spin regime and beyond.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK024  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPOTK030 Beam Optics Modelling Through Fringe Fields During Injection and Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron extraction, injection, focusing, simulation 511
 
  • E.P. Johnson, M.G. Atanasov, Y. Dutheil, M.A. Fraser, E. Oponowicz
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  As the beam is injected and extracted from the CERN Proton Synchrotron, it passes through the fringing magnetic fields of the main bending units (MUs). In this study, tracking simulations using field maps created from a 3D magnetic model of the MUs are compared to beam based measurements made through the fast injection and slow extraction regions. The behaviour of the fringe field is characterised and its implementation in the MAD-X model of the machine is described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK030  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPOTK033 Beamline Design and Optimisation for High Intensity Muon Beams at PSI target, experiment, dipole, solenoid 523
 
  • E.V. Valetov
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 884104 (PSI-FELLOW-III-3i).
The High Intensity Muon Beams (HIMB) project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) will provide muon intensities of the order of 1e10 muons/s for particle physics and material science experiments, two orders of magnitude higher than the state of the art, which is currently available also at PSI. In particle transport simulations for the HIMB, we use G4beamline with measured pi+ cross-sections and with variance reduction. We also use the codes COSY INFINITY, TRANSPORT, and TURTLE for some studies. We perform asynchronous Bayesian optimisation of the beamlines on a computing cluster using G4beamline and the optimisation package DeepHyper. We performed numerous studies for the design of the HIMB, and we produced various results, including the muon transmission, beam phase space, polarisation, and momentum spectrum.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK033  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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MOPOTK047 Cooling Performance in a Dual Energy Storage Ring Cooler electron, storage-ring, damping, cavity 568
 
  • B. Dhital, G.A. Krafft
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • Y.S. Derbenev, D. Douglas, G.A. Krafft, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • F. Lin, V.S. Morozov
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  Funding: EIC fellowship at Jefferson Lab
The longitudinal and transverse emittance growth in hadron beams due to intra-beam scattering (IBS) and other heating sources deteriorate the luminosity in a collider. Hence, a strong hadron beam cooling is required to reduce and preserve the emittance. The cooling of high energy hadron beam is challenging. We propose a dual energy storage ring-based electron cooler that uses an electron beam to extract heat away from hadron beam in the cooler ring while the electron beam is cooled by synchrotron radiation damping in the high energy damping ring. In this paper, we present a design of a dual energy storage ring-based electron cooler. Finally, the cooling performance is simulated using Jefferson Lab Simulation Package for Electron Cooling (JSPEC) for proton beams at the top energy of 275 GeV for Electron-Ion Collider.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK047  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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MOPOMS008 Diagnosis of Transverse Emittance in Laser-Driven Ion Beam laser, emittance, target, simulation 637
 
  • T. Miyatake, I. Takemoto, Y. Watanabe
    Kyushu University, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kasuga-Shi, Japan
  • T.-H. Dinh, M. Kando, S. Kojima, K. Kondo, K. Kondo, M. Nishikino, M. Nishiuchi, H. Sakaki
    National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Kyoto, Japan
 
  Funding: This work was supported by JST-MIRAI R&D Program No. JPMJMI17A1. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21J22132.
Ion beam produced in laser-driven ion acceleration by ultra-intense lasers has characteristics of high peak cur-rent and low emittance. These characteristics become an advantage to operate the request for the beam applica-tion. Therefore, we study how to control the parameters with the laser-plasma interaction. Here, we used 2D Particle-in-Cell code to simulate the laser-driven ion acceleration and investigated the results in terms of transverse emittance, beam current, and brightness. The laser spot size and target thickness were changed in the simulation. And, these qualitative results show that interaction target thickness is a major factor in controlling beam characteristics.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS008  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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MOPOMS017 Beam Transport Simulations Through Final Focus High Energy Transport Lines with Implemented Gabor Lenses focusing, simulation, electron, target 663
 
  • A. Sherjan, M. Droba, O. Meusel, S. Reimann, K.I. Thoma
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • S. Reimann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  First investigations on Gabor Lens GL2000 at Goethe University have shown that it is possible to confine a 2m long stable Electron Plasma Column and to apply it as a hadron beam focusing device. With this knowledge theoretical implementations of GLs in final focus and transfer lines have started. The focusing with GLs is a weak but smooth focusing in radial direction. The GL is a suitable and inexpensive choice in addition to the existing focusing elements eg. magnetic quadrupoles. The device helps to improve beam quality and minimize losses over long distances. The investigation of relativistic hadron beams in GeV range using the example of the proposed NA61/SHINE VLE-beamline at CERN is carried out and will be presented. Thin-matrix simulations with a generated distribution as well as field map simulations with generated and realistic distributions (Geant4) at 1 - 6 GeV/c have been analysed and compared. In addition, the H4-beamline at North Area (CERN) is proposed to implement GLs for experimental tests.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS017  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPOMS028 Stability and Lifetime Studies of Carbon Nanotubes for Electron Cooling in ELENA electron, cathode, antiproton, gun 699
 
  • B. Galante, G. Tranquille
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • J. Resta-López
    ICMUV, Paterna, Spain
 
  Funding: Work supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk’odowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559.
Electron cooling is a fundamental process to guarantee beam quality in low energy antimatter facilities. In ELENA, the electron cooler reduces the emittance blow-up of the antiproton beam so that a focused and bright beam can be delivered to the experiments at the unprecedentedly low energy of 100 keV. To achieve a cold beam at this low energy, the electron gun must emit a monoenergetic and relatively intense electron beam. An optimization of the electron gun involving a cold cathode is studied to investigate the feasibility of using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as cold electron field emitters. CNTs are considered among the most promising field emitting materials. However, stability data for emission over hundreds of hours, as well as lifetime and conditioning process studies to ensure optimal performance, are still incomplete or missing, especially if the aim is to use them in operation. This contribution reports experiments that characterize these properties and assess whether CNTs are suitable to be used as cold electron field emitters for many hundreds of hours.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS028  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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MOPOMS041 Concrete Shielding Activation for Proton Therapy Systems Using BDSIM and FISPACT-II shielding, neutron, septum, simulation 728
 
  • E. Ramoisiaux, E. Gnacadja, C. Hernalsteens, N. Pauly, R. Tesse, M. Vanwelde
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • C. Hernalsteens
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • F. Stichelbaut
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
 
  Proton therapy systems are used worldwide for patient treatment and fundamental research. The generation of secondary particles when the beam interacts with the beamline elements is a well-known issue. In particular, the energy degrader is the dominant source of secondary radiation. This poses new challenges for the concrete shielding of compact systems and beamline elements activation computation. We use a novel methodology to seamlessly simulate all the processes relevant to the activation evaluation. A realistic model of the system is developed using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4-based particle tracking code that allows a single model to simulate primary and secondary particle tracking and all particle-matter interactions. The secondary particle fluxes extracted from the simulations are provided as input to FISPACT-II to compute the activation by solving the rate equations. This approach is applied to the Ion Beam Applications (IBA) Proteus®ONE (P1) system and the shielding of the proton therapy research centre of Charleroi, Belgium. Proton loss distributions are used to model the production of secondary neutrals inside the accelerator structure. Two models for the distribution of proton losses are compared for the computation of the clearance index at specific locations of the design. Results show that the variation in the accelerator loss models can be characterised as a systematic error.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS041  
About • Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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MOPOMS043 Automated Analysis of the Prompt Radiation Levels in the CERN Accelerator Complex radiation, synchrotron, operation, extraction 736
 
  • K. Biłko, R. García Alía, J.B. Potoine
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The CERN injector complex is essential in providing high-energy beams to various experiments and to the world’s largest accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Beam losses linked to its operation result in a mixed radiation field which, through both cumulative and single-event effects poses a threat to the electronic equipment exposed in the tunnel. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the radiation distribution and evolution is necessary in order to implement adequate Radiation to Electronics mitigation and prevention measures, resulting in an improvement of the accelerator efficiency and availability. In this study, we present the automated analysis scheme put in place to efficiently process and visualise the radiation data produced by various radiation monitors, distributed at the four largest CERN accelerators, namely the Proton Synchrotron Booster, Proton Synchrotron, Super Proton Synchrotron, and the LHC, where a proton beam is accelerated gradually from 160 MeV up to 7 TeV.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS043  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUOZGD1 Need for Portable Accelerators in Cultural Heritage rfq, site, linac, radio-frequency-quadrupole 808
 
  • T.K. Charles
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • R.M. Bodenstein, A. Castilla
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Ion Beam Accelerators (IBA) centres have provided researchers with powerful techniques to analyse objects of cultural significance in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner. However, in some cases it is not feasible to remove an object from the field or museum and transport it to the laboratory. In this contributed talk, we present as a manner of a short review, examples of the benefits provided from these techniques in the study of material culture and discuss the initial steps to consider when investigating the feasibility of a compact accelerator that can be taken to sites of cultural significance for PIXE analysis. In particular, we consider the application of a compact, robust 2 MeV proton accelerator that can be taken into the field to perform PIXE measurements on rock art. We detail the main challenges and considerations for such a device.  
slides icon Slides TUOZGD1 [7.603 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZGD1  
About • Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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TUOZGD2 A Compact Synchrotron for Advanced Cancer Therapy with Helium and Proton Beams synchrotron, extraction, injection, dipole 811
 
  • M. Vretenar, M.E. Angoletta, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L. Bottura, K. Paļskis, R.L. Taylor, G. Tranquille
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • E. Benedetto
    SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
  • G. Bisoffi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • M. Sapinski
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  Recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of helium for radiation therapy of cancer. Helium ions can be more precisely delivered to the tumour than protons or carbon ions, presently the only beams licensed for treatment, with a biological effectiveness between the two. The accelerator required for helium is considerably smaller than a standard carbon ion synchrotron. To exploit the potential of helium therapy and of other emerging particle therapy techniques, in the framework of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS) at CERN the design of a compact synchrotron optimised for acceleration of proton and helium beams has been investigated. The synchrotron is based on a new magnet design, profits from a novel injector linac, and can provide both slow and fast extraction for conventional and FLASH therapy. Production of mini-beams, and operation with multiple ions for imaging and treatment are also considered. This accelerator is intended to become the main element of a facility devoted to a programme of cancer research and treatment with proton and helium beams, to both cure patients and contribute to the assessment of helium beams as a new tool to fight cancer.  
slides icon Slides TUOZGD2 [1.940 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZGD2  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOST019 Evaluation of PIP-II Master Oscillator Components controls, linac, SRF, ISOL 892
 
  • I. Rutkowski, K. Czuba, A. Serlat
    Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
  • B.E. Chase, E. Cullerton
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: The paper was prepared by WUT and PIP-II, using the resources of Fermilab, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is a planned proton facility at Fermilab. The short- and long-term beam energy stabilization requirements necessitate using a high-quality Master Oscillator (MO). The consecutive sections of the Linac will operate at 162.5, 325, and 650 MHz. The phase relations between reference signals of harmonic frequencies should be kept constant, and the phase noise should be correlated in a wide bandwidth. The possibility of simultaneously meeting both requirements using popular frequency synthesis schemes is discussed. The ultra-low noise floor of the fundamental source is challenging for other devices in the phase reference distribution system. Therefore, the sensitivity to operating conditions, including impedance matching, input power level, and power supply voltage, must be considered. This paper presents a preliminary performance test of critical components selected for the PIP-II Master Oscillator system performed using a state-of-the-art phase noise analyzer.
The paper was prepared by WUT and PIP-II, using the resources of Fermilab, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST019  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOST021 The CERN SPS Low Level RF: The Beam-Control controls, cavity, LLRF, hardware 895
 
  • A. Spierer, P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, G. Hagmann, P. Kuzmanović, I. Stachon, M. Sumiński, T. Włostowski
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) has been completely upgraded during the CERN long shutdown (LS2, 2019-2020). The old NIM and VME based, mainly analog system has been replaced with modern digital electronics implemented on a MicroTCA platform. The architecture has also been reviewed, with synchronization between RF stations now resting on the White Rabbit (WR) deterministic link. This paper is the first of a series of three on the SPS LLRF upgrade. It covers the Beam-Control part, that is responsible for the generation of the RF reference frequency from a measurement of the magnetic field, and beam phase and radial position. It broadcasts this frequency word to the RF stations, via a White Rabbit network. The paper presents the architecture, gives details on the signal processing, firmware, hardware and software. Finally, results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021).  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST021  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022  
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOST023 The CERN SPS Low level RF: The Cavity-Controller cavity, controls, LLRF, feedback 903
 
  • G. Hagmann, P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, A. Spierer, M. Sumiński, T. Włostowski
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  This paper is the second of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) upgrade. It covers the 200MHz Cavity-Controller part, that is responsible for the regulation of the accelerating field in a single SPS cavity. When the SPS is used as Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proton injector, the issue is the high beam loading that must be compensated to guarantee longitudinal stability and constant parameters over the bunch train. That calls for strong One-Turn Delay Feedback (OTFB) and Feed-Forward (FFWD). The SPS is also accelerating Lead ions (Pb). There the issue is Frequency-Modulation (FM) and Amplitude-Modulation (AM) over the turn (so called Fixed Frequency Acceleration - FFA) plus RF gymnastics for the new ions slip-stacking. The paper reviews the functional requirements, presents the block diagram, then gives details on the signal processing, firmware and hardware. Finally results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021).  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST023  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOST025 Beam Commissioning of the New Digital Low-Level RF System for CERN’s AD LLRF, MMI, operation, timing 911
 
  • M.E. Angoletta, S.C.P. Albright, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, A. Rey, M. Sumiński
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator (AD) has been re-furbished to provide reliable operation for the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA). In particular, AD was equipped with a new digital Low-Level RF (LLRF) system that was successfully commissioned during the summer 2021. The new AD LLRF system has routinely captured and decelerated more than 3·107 antiprotons from 3.5 GeV/c to 100 MeV/c in successive steps, referred to as RF segments, interleaved by cooling periods. The LLRF system implements the frequency program from Btrain data received over optical fiber. Beam phase/radial and cavity amplitude/phase feedback loops are operated during each RF segment. An extraction synchronization loop is triggered on the extraction RF segment to transfer a single bunch of antiprotons to ELENA. Extensive diagnostics features are available and operational modes such as bunched beam cooling and bunch rotation have been successfully deployed. The LLRF parameters can be different for each RF segment and are controlled by a dedicated application. This paper gives an overview of the AD LLRF beam commissioning results obtained and challenges overcome. Hints on future steps are also provided.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST025  
About • Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022  
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOST045 Overview of the Machine Learning and Numerical Optimiser Applications on Beam Transfer Systems for LHC and Its Injectors extraction, kicker, experiment, alignment 961
 
  • F.M. Velotti, M.J. Barnes, E. Carlier, Y. Dutheil, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, N. Magnin, R.L. Ramjiawan, E. Renner, P. Van Trappen
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • E. Waagaard
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
 
  Machine learning and numerical optimisation algorithms are getting more and more popular in the accelerator physics community and, thanks to the computing power available, their application in daily operation more likely. In the CERN accelerator complex, and specifically on the beam transfer systems, many promising exploitation of these numerical tools have been put in place in the last years. Some of the state-of-the-art machine learning models have been explored and used to solve problems that were never fully addressed in the past. In this paper, the most recent results of application of machine learning and numerical optimisation for injection, extraction and transfer of beam from machine and to experimental areas are presented. An overview of the possible next steps and shortcomings is finally discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST045  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOTK051 Design Studies on a High-Power Wide-Band RF Combiner for Consolidation of the Driver Amplifier of the J-PARC RCS simulation, synchrotron, controls, acceleration 1333
 
  • H. Okita, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M.M. Paoluzzi
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  A power upgrade of the existing 8 kW solid-state driver amplifier is required for the acceleration of high intensity proton beams in the J-PARC 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The development of a 25 kW amplifier with gallium nitride (GaN) HEMTs and based on 6.4 kW modules is ongoing. The combiner is a key component to achieve such a high output power over the wide bandwidth required for multi-harmonic rf operation. This paper presents a preliminary design of the combiner. The circuit simulation setup and results, including the realistic magnetic core characteristics and frequency response of the cables are reported.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK051  
About • Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOTK060 Simulations of Miscut Effects on the Efficiency of a Crystal Collimation System collimation, simulation, collider, hadron 1358
 
  • M. D’Andrea, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
The concept of crystal collimation relies on the use of bent crystals which can coherently deflect high-energy halo particles at angles orders of magnitude larger than what is obtained from scattering with conventional materials. Crystal collimation is studied to further improve the collimation efficiency at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). In order to reproduce the main experimental results of crystal collimation tests and to predict the performance of such a system, a simulation routine capable of modeling interactions of beam particles with crystal collimators was developed and recently integrated into the latest release of the single-particle tracking code SixTrack. A new treatment of the miscut angle, i.e. the angle between crystalline planes and crystal edges, was implemented to study the effects of this manufacturing imperfection on the efficiency of a crystal collimation system. In this paper, the updated miscut angle model is described and simulation results on the cleaning efficiency are presented, using configurations tested during Run 2 of the LHC as a case study.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK060  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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TUPOMS038 RFQ NEWGAIN: RF and Thermomechanical Design rfq, cavity, linac, insertion 1510
 
  • P. Hamel, N. Sellami
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • M.J. Desmons, O. Piquet, B. Prevet
    CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
 
  Funding: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
A new injector called NEWGAIN will be added to the SPIRAL2 Linear Accelerator (LINAC), in parallel with the existing one. It will be mainly composed of an ion source and a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) connected to the superconductive LINAC of SPIRAL2. The new RFQ will accelerate at 88.05 MHz particles with charge-over-mass ratio (Q/A) between 1/3 and 1/7, from 10 keV/u up to 590 keV/u. It consists of a 4-vane resonant cavity with a total length of 7 m. It is a CW machine that has to show stable operation, provide the request availability, have the minimum losses in order to provide the highest current to the superconductive LINAC and show the best quality/cost ratio. This paper will present the preliminary RF design and the thermomechanical study for this RFQ.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS038  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOMS042 Cavity R&D for HBS Accelerator cavity, simulation, neutron, brilliance 1520
 
  • N.F. Petry, K. Kümpel, S. Lamprecht, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  The demand for neutrons of various types for research is growing day by day worldwide. To meet the growing demand the Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) is in development. It is based on a high power linear proton accelerator with an end energy of 70 MeV and a proton beam current of 100 mA. After the injector and the MEBT is the main part of the accelerator, which consists of about 36 CH-type cavities. The design of the CH-type cavities will be optimized in terms of required power, required cooling and reliability and the recent results will be presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS042  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPOMS060 High Gradient Conditioning and Performance of C-Band ß=0.5 Proton Normal- Conducting Copper and Copper-Silver Radio-Frequency Accelerating Cavities cavity, operation, klystron, coupling 1567
 
  • M.R.A. Zuboraj, R.L. Fleming, V. Gorelov, J.W. Lewellen, M.E. Middendorf, E.I. Simakov
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • S.V. Baryshev, M.E. Schneider
    Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • V.A. Dolgashev, E.A. Nanni, E.J.C. Snively, S.G. Tantawi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • E. Jevarjian
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  Funding: LANL-LDRD
This work presents the results of high gradient testing of the two C-band (5.712 GHz) normal conducting ß=0.5 accelerating cavities. The first cavity was made of copper and second was made of copper-silver alloy with 0.08% silver concentration. The tests were conducted at the C-Band Engineering Research Facility of New Mexico (CERF-NM) located at Los Alamos National Laboratory Both cavities achieved gradients in excess of 200 MV/m and surface electric fields in excess of 300 MV/m. The breakdown rates were mapped as functions of the gradient and peak surface fields. The gradients and peak surface fields observed in the copper-silver cavity were about 20% higher than those in the pure copper cavity with the same breakdown rate. It was concluded that the dominant breakdown mechanism in these cavities was not the pulse heating but the breakdown due to very high surface electric fields.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS060  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEIXSP1 Towards High-Repetition Rate Petawatt Laser Experiments with Cryogenic Jets Using a Mechanical Chopper System laser, target, experiment, plasma 1594
 
  • M. Rehwald, S. Assenbaum, C. Bernert, U. Schramm, K. Zeil
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  • C.B. Curry, M. Gauthier, S.H. Glenzer, C. Schoenwaelder, F. Treffert
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • S. Göde
    EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
 
  Laser-plasma based ion accelerators require suitable high-repetition rate target systems that enable systematic studies at controlled plasma conditions and application-relevant particle flux. Self-refreshing, micrometer-sized cryogenic jets have proven to be an ideal target platform. Yet, operation of such systems in the harsh environmental conditions of high power laser induced plasma experiments have turned out to be challenging. Here we report on recent experiments deploying a cryogenic hydrogen jet as a source of pure proton beams generated with the PW-class ultrashort pulse laser DRACO. Damage to the jet target system during application of full energy laser shots was prevented by implementation of a mechanical chopper system interrupting the direct line of sight between the laser plasma interaction zone and the jet source.  
slides icon Slides WEIXSP1 [4.896 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIXSP1  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEIYGD1 Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors MMI, injection, brightness, kicker 1610
 
  • V. Kain, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, F. Antoniou, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, B. Balhan, M.J. Barnes, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, A. Boccardi, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, D.G. Cotte, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, M. Jaussi, I. Karpov, T. Koevener, D. Küchler, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Nisbet, F.-X. Nuiry, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, E. Renner, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, F. Tecker, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Zannini
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output.  
slides icon Slides WEIYGD1 [5.905 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYGD1  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022  
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEOYGD1 Recent Results of Beam Loss Mitigation and Extremely Low Beam Loss Operation of J-PARC RCS injection, scattering, operation, radiation 1616
 
  • P.K. Saha, H. Harada, T. Nakanoya, K. Okabe, H. Okita, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • H. Hotchi
    KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  In the 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), multi-turn charge-exchange injection of H by using a thin stripper foil is performed to achieve high-intensity proton beam of 1 MW. The beam loss at 1 MW has already been well controlled, but for further minimizing both uncontrolled and controlled beam losses caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam, recently we have implemented a lower vertical injection beam size and installed a corresponding smaller size stripper foil. A smaller foil gives a significant reduction of the foil scattering uncontrolled beam loss at the injection area, while an optimization of the vertical transverse painting area matching with a smaller beam size further gives an extremely reduction of the beam loss at the collimator section. The corresponding residual radiation at the recent operation with 700 kW beam power was also measured to extremely reduced.  
slides icon Slides WEOYGD1 [1.161 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYGD1  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOST012 Feasibility of Slow-Extracted High-Energy Ions From the CERN Proton Synchrotron for CHARM extraction, heavy-ion, controls, operation 1703
 
  • M.A. Fraser, P.A. Arrutia Sota, K. Biłko, N. Charitonidis, S. Danzeca, M. Delrieux, M. Duraffourg, N. Emriskova, L.S. Esposito, R. García Alía, A. Guerrero, O. Hans, G.I. Imesch, E.P. Johnson, G. Lerner, I. Ortega Ruiz, G. Pezzullo, D. Prelipcean, F. Ravotti, F. Roncarolo, A. Waets
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The CHARM High-energy Ions for Micro Electronics Reliability Assurance (CHIMERA) working group at CERN is investigating the feasibility of delivering high energy ion beams to the CHARM facility for the study of radiation effects to electronics components engineered to operate in harsh radiation environments, such as space or high-energy accelerators. The Proton Synchrotron has the potential of delivering the required high energy and high-Z (in this case, Pb) ions for radiation tests over the relevant range of Linear Energy Transfer of ~ 10 - 40 MeV cm2/mg with a > 1 mm penetration depth in silicon, specifically for single event effect tests. This contribution summarises the working group’s progress in demonstrating the feasibility of variable energy slow extraction and over a wide range of intensities. The results of a dedicated 6 GeV/u Pb ion beam test are reported to understand the performance limitations of the beam instrumentation systems needed to characterise the beam in CHARM.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST012  
About • Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOST013 Exploitation of Crystal Shadowing via Multi-Crystal Array, Optimisers and Reinforcement Learning operation, extraction, septum, simulation 1707
 
  • F.M. Velotti, M. Di Castro, L.S. Esposito, M.A. Fraser, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, V. Kain, E. Matheson
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) routinely delivers proton and heavy ion beams to the North experimental Area (NA) in the form of 4.8 s spills. To produce such a long flux of particles, resonant third integer slow extraction is used, which, by design, foresees primary beam lost on the electrostatic septum wires to separate circulating from extracted beam. Shadowing with thin bent crystal has been proposed and successfully tested in the SPS, as detailed in *. In 2021, a thin crystal was used for physics production showing results compatible with what measured during early testing. In this paper, the results from the 2021 physics run are presented also comparing particle losses at extraction with previous operational years. The setting up of the crystal using numerical optimisers is detailed, with possible implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) agents to improve the setting up time. Finally, the full exploitation of crystal shadowing via multi-array crystals is discussed, together with the performance reach in the SPS.
F.Velotti, et. al, "Septum shadowing by means of a bent crystal to reduce slow extraction beam loss", Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 093502 - Published 27 September 2019
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST013  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOST014 Studies on Pre-Computation of SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Corrections injection, extraction, target, closed-orbit 1711
 
  • C. Bracco, F.M. Velotti
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The injection process in the LHC gives a non-negligible contribution to the turnaround time between two consecutive physics fills. Mainly due to orbit drifts in the SPS, the steering of the SPS-to-LHC transfer lines (TL) had to be regularly performed in view of minimising injection oscillations and losses, which otherwise would trigger beam dumps. Moreover, for machine protection purposes, a maximum of twelve bunches had to be injected after any TL steering to validate the actual applied corrections. This implied at several occasions the need to interrupt a fill to steer the lines and introduced a further delay between fills. Studies were performed to evaluate the option of pre-calculating the required TL corrections based on SPS orbit measurements during the LHC magnet ramp down and the reconstruction of the beam position and angle at the SPS extraction point.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST014  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOST020 EIC Hadron Spin Rotators polarization, electron, storage-ring, hadron 1734
 
  • V. Ptitsyn, J.S. Berg
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron-Ion Collider in BNL will collide polarized electrons with polarized protons or polarized 3He ions. Spin rotators will be used to create the longitudinal beam polarization at a location of the EIC experimental detector. Helical spin rotators utilized for polarized proton operation in present RHIC will be reused in the EIC Hadron Storage Ring. However, due to a significant difference of EIC and RHIC interaction region layouts, the EIC spin rotator arrangement has several challenges. Turning on the EIC spin rotators may lead to a significant spin tune shift. To prevent beam depolarization during the spin rotator turn-on, Siberian Snakes have to be tuned simultaneously with rotators. The EIC spin rotators must be able to operate in a wide energy range for polarized protons and polarized 3He ions. The paper presents the challenges of spin rotator usage in the EIC and remedies assuring the successful operation with the rotators.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST020  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOST021 Theoretical Study of Laser Energy Absorption Towards Energetic Proton and Electron Sources laser, target, electron, simulation 1737
 
  • I.M. Vladisavlevici, E. d’Humières
    CELIA, Talence, France
  • D. Vizman
    West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
 
  Funding: This work was supported by Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research PN 75/2018, Agence Nationale de la Recherche project ANR-17-CE30-0026-Pinnacle, WUT - JINR collaboration project 05-6-1119-2014/2023 (2/2019; 86/2020; 103/2021) and Erasmus+ Student grant (2018/2019; 2019/2020; 2020/2021).
Our main goal is to describe and model the energy transfer from laser to particles, from the transparent to less transparent regime of laser-plasma interaction in the ultra-high intensity regime, and using the results obtained to optimize laser ion acceleration. We investigate the case of an ultra high intensity (1022 W/cm2) ultra short (20 fs) laser pulse interacting with a near-critical density plasma made of electrons and protons of density 5 nc (where nc = 1.1·1021 cm-3 is the critical density for a laser wavelength of 1 µm). Through 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we study the optimal target thickness for the maximum conversion efficiency of the laser energy to particles. Theoretical modelling of the predominant laser-plasma interaction mechanisms predicts the particle energy and conversion efficiency optimization. Our studies led to an optimization of the target thickness for maximizing electron and proton acceleration.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST021  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOST024 Physics Beyond Colliders: The Conventional Beams Working Group experiment, optics, kaon, target 1745
 
  • C.A. Mussolini, D. Banerjee, A. Baratto Roldan, J. Bernhard, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, G.L. D’Alessandro, L. Gatignon, A. Gerbershagen, F. Metzger, R.P. Murphy, E.G. Parozzi, S.M. Schuh-Erhard, F.W. Stummer, M.W.U. Van Dijk
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • F. Metzger
    HISKP, Bonn, Germany
  • R.P. Murphy, F.W. Stummer
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • C.A. Mussolini, F.W. Stummer
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • C.A. Mussolini
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • E.G. Parozzi
    Universita Milano Bicocca, MILANO, Italy
  • E.G. Parozzi
    INFN MIB, MILANO, Italy
 
  The Physics Beyond Colliders initiative aims to exploit the full scientific potential of the CERN accelerator complex and its scientific infrastructure for particle physics studies, complementary to current and future collider experiments. Several experiments have been proposed to fully utilize and further advance the beam options for the existing fixed target experiments present in the North and East Experimental Areas of the CERN SPS and PS accelerators. We report on progress with the RF-separated beam option for the AMBER experiment, following a recent workshop on this topic. In addition we cover the status of studies for ion beams for the NA60+ experiment, as well as of those for high intensity beams for Kaon physics and feebly interacting particle searches. With first beams available in 2021 after a CERN-wide long shutdown, several muon beam options were already tested for the NA64mu, MUonE and AMBER experiments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST024  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOST031 RHIC Polarized Proton Operation in Run 22 operation, polarization, luminosity, dipole 1765
 
  • V. Schoefer, E.C. Aschenauer, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, C. Liu, Y. Luo, I. Marneris, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, J. Sandberg, W.B. Schmidke, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Run 22 physics program consisted of collisions with vertically po- larized proton beams at a single collision point (the STAR detector). During initial startup of the collider, power out- ages damaged two of the coils in one of the RHIC helical dipole snake magnets used for polarization preservation in the Blue ring. That snake was reconfigured for use as a partial snake. We will outline some of the remediating mea- sures taken to maximize polarization transmission in this configuration. These measures included changing the col- liding beam energy from 255 GeV to 254.2 GeV to adjust the spin closed orbit at store and adjustment of the field in the other helical dipole in the Blue ring to improve injection spin matching. Later in the run, the primary motor gener- ator for the AGS (the injector to RHIC) failed and a lower voltage backup had to be used, resulting in a period of lower polarization. Other efforts include detailed measurement of the stable spin direction at store and the commissioning of a machine protection relay system to prevent spurious firing of the RHIC abort kickers.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST031  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT002 Conception of High Intensive Polarized Proton Beam Formation in NICA Collider collider, injection, luminosity, acceleration 1822
 
  • E. Syresin, A.V. Butenko, S.A. Kostromin, O.S. Kozlov, I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • Y. Filatov
    MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
  • S.D. Kolokolchikov, Y. Senichev
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
    Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • N.V. Mityanina
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • P.R. Zenkevich
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
 
  NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is a new accelerator complex being assembled at JINR to search for the mixed phase of baryonic matter and to investigate the nature of nucleon/particle spin. The polarized proton beams will be operated at the energy range of 5-12.6 GeV, the beam intensity in each ring of 2.2x1013 and the luminosity of 1x1032 cm-2 s-1. The conception of formation of high intensive proton beams is discussed for two different schemes. In first scheme the protons are injected from Nuclotron to Collider at an energy of 2-2.5 GeV to provide the cooling and the storage at this energy and then they are accelerated up to energy of experiments. In the second scheme the cooling of protons is realized in one from accelerators of the injection chain and the protons are injected from Nuclotron to Collider at energy of experiments, where they are stored up required intensity.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT002  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT004 Acceleration and Crossing of Transition Energy Investigation Using an RF Structure of the Barrier Bucket Type in the NICA Accelerator Complex collider, dynamic-aperture, focusing, acceleration 1829
 
  • S.D. Kolokolchikov, A.A. Melnikov, Y. Senichev
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  The dynamic of longitudinal motion in Barrier Bucket RF structure is considered. To preserve the stability of the proton beam during the acceleration to the experiment energy it is necessary to cross the transition energy and a rapid jump of transition energy is possible. The influence of the second-order slip factor is taking into account, as well as the space charge effect. The dynamic aperture is investigated for various gradients of focusing quadrupoles and corresponding working points which is necessary for transition crossing.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT004  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT005 Investigation of Polarized Proton Spin Coherence Time at Storage Rings sextupole, experiment, storage-ring, betatron 1832
 
  • A.A. Melnikov, A.E. Aksentyev, Y. Senichev
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  • A.E. Aksentyev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • E. Syresin
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
 
  Funding: We appreciate a support of this study by the Russian Science Foundation grant 22-42-04419 and the ERC Advanced Grant of the European Union (proposal number 694340).
The idea of the Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) search using the storage ring with polarized beam demands long Spin Coherence Time (SCT). It is the time during which the RMS spread of the orientation of spins of all particles in the bunch reaches one radian. Long SCT is needed to observe a coherent effect on polarization induced by the EDM. The possibility of getting a 1000 s SCT for deuterons has been shown experimentally at COoler SYnchrotron (COSY), accelerator at FZJ Jülich, Germany. Reaching high values of SCT for protons is more challenging due to a higher anomalous magnetic moment. Obtaining sufficient proton SCT is obligatory for planned EDM search experiments at COSY and the ProtoType EDM Ring (PTR). It has been shown that the second order momentum compaction factor (alpha1) has to be optimized along with chromaticities to get high SCT. Three families of sextupoles have to be used. The optimal values of chromaticities and alpha1 are discussed. The racetrack option of PTR is investigated.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT005  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT015 Study of Hydrodynamic-Tunnelling Effects Induced by High-Energy Proton Beams in Graphite target, simulation, coupling, hadron 1870
 
  • C. Wiesner, F. Carra, J. Don, I. Kolthoff, A. Lechner, S.R. Rasile, D. Wollmann
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The design and assessment of machine-protection systems for existing and future high-energy accelerators comprises the study of accidental beam impact on machine elements. In case of a direct impact of a large number of high-energy particle bunches in one location, the damage range in the material is significantly increased due to an effect known as hydrodynamic tunnelling. The effect is caused by the beam-induced reduction of the material density along the beam trajectory, which allows subsequent bunches to penetrate deeper into the target. The assessment of the damage range requires the sequential coupling of an energy-deposition code, like FLUKA, and a hydrodynamic code, like Autodyn. The paper presents the simulations performed for the impact of the nominal LHC beam at 7 TeV on a graphite target. It describes the optimisation of the simulation setup and the required coupling workflow. The resulting energy deposition and the evolution of the target density are discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT015  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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WEPOPT020 Modeling RHIC Spin Tilt as Lattice Imperfections resonance, injection, HOM, lattice 1884
 
  • V.H. Ranjbar, E.C. Aschenauer, H. Huang, A. Marusic, F. Méot, V. Schoefer
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A tilt in the spin direction from the vertical has been observed for a number of years in the RHIC collider during store. This tilt has been extensively studied by scanning snake strengths, energies and orbital angles during the 2017 polarized proton run. Using a spin transport model, we attempt to model this spin tilt by fitting all the relevant data.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT020  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT036 Dependence of Beam Size Growth on Macro-Particle’s Initial Actions in Strong-Strong Beam-Beam Simulation for the Electron-Ion Collider simulation, electron, emittance, collider 1924
 
  • Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, X. Gu, J. Kewisch, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • B.R. Gamage, H. Huang, E.A. Nissen, T. Satogata
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • Y. Hao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G.H. Hoffstaetter
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 and Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collide polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams with design luminosities up to 1×1034cm-2s-1 in the center mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. We simulated the planned electron-proton collision of flat beams with Particle-In-Cell (PIC) based Poisson solver in strong-strong beam-beam simulation. We observed a much larger proton emittance growth rate than that from weak-strong simulation. To understand the numerical noises further, we calculate the beam size growth rate of macro-particles as function of their initial longitudinal and transverse actions. This method is applied to both strong-strong and weak-strong simulations. The purpose of this study is to identify which group of macro-particles contributes most of the artificial emittance growth in strong-strong beam-beam simulation.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT036  
About • Received ※ 22 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT037 Dynamic Aperture Evaluation for EIC Hadron Storage Ring with Crab Cavities and IR Nonlinear Magnetic Field Errors dynamic-aperture, electron, cavity, simulation 1927
 
  • Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, W. Fischer, X. Gu, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, H. Witte, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • Y. Hao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • T. Satogata
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 and Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The electron ion collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collider polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams with luminosities up to 1034 cm-2s-1 in the center mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. In this article, we evaluate the dynamic aperture of the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) with symplectic element-by-element tracking. Crab cavities, nonlinear magnetic field errors, and weak-strong beam-beam interaction are included. We compared the dynamic aperture from head-on collision to crossing-angle collision and found the reason for the dynamic aperture drop. We also studied the field error tolerances for IR magnets and for some particular magnets.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT037  
About • Received ※ 22 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT038 Summary of Numerical Noise Studies for Electron-Ion Collider Strong-Strong Beam-Beam Simulation electron, simulation, emittance, collider 1931
 
  • Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, X. Gu, J. Kewisch, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • B.R. Gamage, H. Huang, E.A. Nissen, T. Satogata
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • G.H. Hoffstaetter
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collide polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams, reaching luminosities up to 1×1034cm-2s-1 in center mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. We studied the planned electron-proton collisions using a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) based Poisson solver in strong-strong beam-beam simulation. We observed a much larger proton emittance growth rate than in weak-strong simulation. To understand the numerical noise and its impact on strong-strong simulation results, we carried out extensive studies to identify all possible causes for artificial emittance growth and quantify their contributions. In this article, we summarize our study activities and findings. This work will help us better understand the simulated emittance growth and the limits of the PIC based strong-strong beam-beam simulation.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT038  
About • Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT039 Fine Decoupling Test and Simulation Study to Maintain a Large Transverse Emittance Ratio in Hadron Storage Rings emittance, coupling, experiment, simulation 1935
 
  • Y. Luo, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, A. Marusic, C. Montag, T.C. Shrey, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy
I In previous and existing hadron storage rings, the horizontal and vertical emittances are normally the same or very close. For the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), the design proton transverse emittance ratio is 10:1. To maintain this large emittance ratio, we need to have an online fine decoupling system to prevent transverse emittance exchange. For this purpose, we carried out fine decoupling experiments in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and reviewed its previous operational data. Analytical prediction and numerical simulation are preformed to estimate how small the global coupling coefficient should be to maintain a 10:1 emittance ratio.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT039  
About • Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT040 Numerical Noise Error of Particle-In-Cell Poisson Solver for a Flat Gaussian Bunch simulation, electron, emittance, collider 1939
 
  • Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, W. Fischer, X. Gu, H. Lovelace III, C. Montag, R.B. Palmer, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • Y. Hao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • H. Huang, E.A. Nissen, T. Satogata
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy and Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collider polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams with luminosity up to 1×1034cm-2s-1 in the center mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. We simulated the planned electron-proton collision of flat beams with Particle-In-Cell (PIC) based Poisson solver in strong-strong beam-beam simulation. We observed a much larger proton emittance growth rate than that from weak-strong simulation. To better understand the emittance growth rate from the strong-strong simulation, we compare the beam-beam kicks between the PIC method and the analytical calculation and calculate the RMS variation in beam-beam kicks among 1000 sets of random Gaussian particle distributions. The impacts of macro-particle number, grid number, and bunch flatness are also studied.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT040  
About • Received ※ 23 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT041 Strong-Strong Simulations of Coherent Beam-Beam Effects in the EIC electron, luminosity, simulation, resonance 1942
 
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • Y. Hao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • Y. Luo, C. Montag, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  The high luminosity electron ion collider (EIC) will provide great opportunities in nuclear physics study and is under active design. The coherent effects due to the beam-beam interaction of two colliding beams can cause beam size blow-up and degrade the luminosity in the EIC. In this paper, we report on the study of coherent beam-beam effects in the EIC design using self-consistent strong-strong simulations. These simulations show the coherent dipole and quadrupole mode instabilities in the tune working point scan and bunch intensity scan.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT041  
About • Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT045 Transverse Electron Beam Tails and Beam Lifetime in the EIC Electron Storage Ring electron, simulation, vacuum, storage-ring 1958
 
  • C. Montag
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.
While for most storage ring design activities it is sufficient to assume a Gaussian distribution of the beam particles, a more detailed prediction of the population in the transverse tails is necessary to predict the beam lifetime in a given aperture. Dominant processes that result in non-Gaussian distributions are the beam-beam interaction in a collider as well as beam-gas scattering. Simulations to determine the required apertures and vacuum levels in the EIC electron storage ring will be presented.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT045  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOPT053 Characterisation of Cooling in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment emittance, solenoid, collider, experiment 1976
 
  • C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • M.A. Cummings
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
 
  A high-energy muon collider could be the most powerful and cost-effective collider approach in the multi-TeV regime, and a neutrino source based on decay of an intense muon beam would be ideal for measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters. Muon beams may be created through the decay of pions produced in the interaction of a proton beam with a target. The muons are subsequently accelerated and injected into a storage ring where they decay producing a beam of neutrinos, or collide with counter-rotating antimuons. Cooling of the muon beam would enable more muons to be accelerated resulting in a more intense neutrino source and higher collider luminosity. Ionization cooling is the novel technique by which it is proposed to cool the beam. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment collaboration has constructed a section of an ionization cooling cell and used it to provide the first demonstration of ionization cooling. Here the observation of ionization cooling is described. The results of the further analysis of the data is presented, including studies in different magnet configurations and with more detailed understanding of the detector systematic uncertainty.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT053  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK004 Status and Upgrade Plan of the MR Ring RF Systems in J-PARC cavity, operation, power-supply, experiment 2031
 
  • K. Hasegawa, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M. Nomura, H. Okita, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
 
  The J-PARC Main Ring (MR) is a high intensity proton accelerator and delivers 30 GeV proton beams for the long-base line neutrino experiment and the hadron experiments. At present, the beam intensity supplied to the neutrino experiment reached 520 kW with a cycle time of 2.48 s. Toward the design beam power of 750 kW and future goal of 1.3 MW, we chose shortening the MR operation cycle. Accelerating time is shortened in order to shorten the cycle, so a high accelerating voltage is required. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade the RF systems. This RF upgrade expands the current nine RF systems to a total of thirteen. We are planning to fabricate four RF power sources and add four additional cavities that are recombined with existing cavities. The present status and upgrade plan of the MR RF systems are reported.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK004  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK006 Proton Beamline Simulations for the High Intensity Muon Beamline at PSI target, simulation, optics, cyclotron 2036
 
  • M. Haj Tahar, D.C. Kiselev, A. Knecht, D. Laube, D. Reggiani, J. Snuverink, V. Talanov
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  The High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) cyclotron at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) delivers 590 MeV CW proton beam with a maximum power of 1.42 MW. After extraction, the beam is transferred in a 120 m long channel towards two target stations (TgM and TgE) before depositing its remaining power at the spallation target SINQ for neutron production. As part of the High Intensity Muon Beamline (HIMB) feasibility study, which belongs to the IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production using Advanced Cyclotron and Target technologies) initiative, the first of these targets will be replaced with a thicker one and its geometry opti- mized thereby specifically boosting the emission of surface muons. In order to assess the impact of the changes on the proton beamline, BDSIM/GEANT4 simulations were performed with the realistic technical design of the target insert, the collimation system was redesigned and the power depositions were benchmarked with MCNP6. In this paper, we discuss the major changes and challenges for HIMB as well as the key considerations in redesigning the optics of the high power beam in the vicinity of the target stations.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK006  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK009 Processes and Tools to Manage CERN Programmed Stops Applied to the Second Long Shutdown of the Accelerator Complex MMI, database, operation, synchrotron 2048
 
  • E. Vergara Fernandez, A. Ansel, M. Barberan Marin, M. Bernardini, S. Chemli, J. Coupard, K. Foraz, D. Hay, J.M. Jimenez, D.J. Mcfarlane, F. Pedrosa, M. Pirozzi, J.Ph.G.L. Tock
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The preparation and follow-up of CERN accelerator complex programmed stops require clear processes and methodologies. The LHC and its Injectors were stopped in December 2018, to maintain, consolidate and upgrade the different equipment of the accelerator chain. During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), major projects were implemented such as the LHC Injectors upgrade and the LHC Dipoles Diodes consolidation. The installation of some equipment of the HL-LHC project took also place. This paper presents the application to the LS2 of the processes and tools to managed CERN programmed stops: it covers the preparation, implementation and follow up phases, as well as the KPIs, the tools used to build a coherent schedule and to follow up and report the progress. The description of the methodology to create a linear schedule, as well the construction of automatised broken lines and progress curves are detailed. It also describes the organizational set-up for the coordination of the works, the main activities and the key milestones. The impact of the COVID-19 on the long shutdown will be described, especially the strategy implemented to minimise its consequences.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK009  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK011 High Intensity Studies in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster resonance, injection, operation, ISOL 2056
 
  • F. Asvesta, S.C.P. Albright, F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, G. Rumolo, P.K. Skowroński, C. Zannini
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • E. Renner
    TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
 
  After the successful implementation of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, studies were conducted in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) in order to assess the intensity reach with the increased beam brightness. The studies focused on the high intensity beams delivered to the PSB users, both at 1.4 and 2 GeV. In addition, possible intensity limitations in view of the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) Study were investigated. To this end, various machine configurations were tested including different resonance compensation schemes and chromaticity settings in correlation with the longitudinal parameters. This paper summarizes the results obtained since the machine recommissioning.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK011  
About • Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK013 Direct Impedance Measurement of the CERN PS Booster Finemet Cavities impedance, cavity, booster, simulation 2064
 
  • S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, J.C. Molendijk
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  Over CERN’s Long Shutdown 2, the conventional ferrite-loaded cavities of the PS Booster were replaced with wide-band Finemet-loaded cavities. The Finemet cavities bring many operational advantages, but also represent a significant broadband impedance source. The impedance is mitigated by servo loops, which suppress the induced voltage, reducing the impedance as seen by the beam. Accurately including the impedance of the cavity and the effect of the servoloops in longitudinal tracking simulations is essential to predict the performance with beam. This paper discusses the results of a measurement campaign, which is intended to give a direct measurement of the cavity impedance. Using the detected voltage and the measured beam profile, the cavity impedance can be inferred and used to improve beam dynamics modelling.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK013  
About • Received ※ 26 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK018 Simulation of Heavy-Ion Beam Losses with Crystal Collimation* collimation, simulation, heavy-ion, coupling 2082
 
  • R. Cai, R. Bruce, R. Bruce, M. D’Andrea, L.S. Esposito, P.D. Hermes, A. Lechner, A. Lechner, D. Mirarchi, J.B. Potoine, S. Redaelli, F. Salvat Pujol, J. Schoofs
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • J.B. Potoine
    IES, Montpellier, France
  • M. Seidel
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  With the higher stored energy envisioned for future heavy-ion runs in the LHC and the challenging fragmentation aspect of heavy-ion beams due to interaction with collimator material, the need arises for even more performing collimation systems. One promising solution is crystal channeling, which is used in the HL-LHC baseline and starts with Run III for heavy-ion collimation. To investigate an optimal configuration for the collimation system, a well-tested simulation setup is required. This work shows the simulations of channeling and other coherent effects in the SixTrack-FLUKA Coupling simulation framework and compares simulated loss patterns with data from previous beam tests.
*Research supported by the HL’LHC project
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK018  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022  
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK026 Commissioning of the ELENA Electrostatic Transfer Lines for the Antimatter Facility at CERN experiment, quadrupole, extraction, antiproton 2110
 
  • Y. Dutheil, W. Bartmann, C. Carli, M.A. Fraser, D. Gamba, L. Ponce
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  ELENA is a small synchrotron ring that decelerates antiprotons down to a kinetic energy of 100 keV. With an experimental complex capable of housing up to 9 different experiments operating simultaneously, the transfer line design needed to be highly flexible. The low energy of the beam transported allowed the exploitation of electrostatic devices instead of magnets, to simplify design, production and operation. This contribution presents the systematic characterisation of the beam optics at the different experimental handover locations during beam commissioning using H ions from an external source, as well as the performance of the lines in operation with antiprotons. Finally, the effect of stray fields created by the experimental setup will be presented and compared with the first measurements.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK026  
About • Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022  
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK029 Advances in Low Energy Antimatter Beam Generation and Manipulation antiproton, experiment, simulation, electron 2118
 
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 721559.
The Accelerators Validating Antimatter physics (AVA) project has enabled an interdisciplinary and cross-sector R&D program on low energy antimatter research. The network comprises 13 universities, 9 national and inter-national research centers and 13 partners from industry. Between 2016 and 2021, AVA has successfully trained 16 early-stage researchers that were based at universities, research centers and companies across Europe where they carried out cutting edge research into low energy antimat-ter physics and related technologies. This contribution presents several research highlights that originated within or on the basis of AVA: Results from studies into carbon nano-tubes as field emitters for cold electron beams with supe-rior beam quality, the design of a low energy negative ion injection beamline for experiments with antiprotonic atoms, and studies into realistic simulations of antiproton deceleration in foil degraders.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK029  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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WEPOTK030 Modelling Growth and Asymmetry in Seeded Self-Modulation of Elliptical Beams in Plasma plasma, simulation, wakefield, acceleration 2122
 
  • A. Perera, O. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • Ö. Apsimon, A. Perera, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: This work was supported by STFC UK grant ST/P006752/1. The Authors are grateful for computing time provided by the STFC Scientific Computing Department’s SCARF cluster.
The seeded self-modulation (SSM) of long particle bunches for the generation of gigavolts-per-meter wakefields that can accelerate witness electron beams was first shown using the Super Proton Synchrotron beam as a driver by the AWAKE experiment. The stability of the produced microbunch trains over tens or hundreds of meters is crucial for extrapolating this scheme as proposed for use in several high energy plasma-based linear colliders. However, aside from the competing hosing instability, which has been shown to be suppressible by SSM when that process saturates, few works have examined other effects of transverse asymmetry in this process. Here, we use analytical modelling and 3D particle-in-cell simulations with QuickPIC to characterise the impact on the SSM growth process due to transverse asymmetry in the beam. A metric is constructed for asymmetry in simulation results, showing that the initial azimuthal complexity changes only slightly during SSM growth. Further, we show quantitative agreement between simulations and analytical predictions for the scaling of the reduction SSM growth rate with unequal aspect ratio of the initial beam profile. These results serve to inform planning and tolerances for both AWAKE and other SSM-based novel acceleration methods in the future.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK030  
About • Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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WEPOTK031 Low-Energy Negative Ion Injection Beamline for Experiments with Antiprotonic Atoms at AEgIS antiproton, experiment, focusing, injection 2126
 
  • V. Rodin, A. Farricker, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • G. Cerchiari
    Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universtität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
  • M. Doser, G. Khatri
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • G. Kornakov
    Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: Research was funded by Warsaw University of Technology within the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) programme
Interaction of low-energy antiprotons with nuclear targets provided fundamental knowledge about proton and neutron densities of many nuclei through the capture process, cascade on lower electron orbits, and annihilation with the nucleon. The expelled electrons produce X-rays and with the recoil particles after annihilation, thus, a sufficient amount of information can be obtained about this interaction. However, all previous experiments were done via formation of antiprotonic atoms in solid or gaseous targets. Therefore, annihilation occurs prior reaching the S or P orbital levels and precise measurements are missing. Recently, AEgIS collaboration proposed a conceptually new experimental scheme. The creation of cold antiprotonic atoms in a vacuum guarantees the absence of the Stark effect. And with the sub-ns timing and synchronization, the previous experimental obstacles would be resolved. This will allow studying atomic properties, evolution, and fragmentation process with improved precision and extended lifetimes. In this contribution, we present an overview of the experimental scheme as well as various aspects of negative ion injection beamline into the AEgIS experiment.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK031  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022  
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WEPOTK032 Fast Electromagnetic Models of Existing Beamline Simulations quadrupole, simulation, focusing, experiment 2130
 
  • S. Padden, E. Kukstas, P. Pusa, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • S. Padden, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  The AD-ELENA complex decelerates antiprotons to ener- gies of 100 keV before transport to experiments through elec- trostatic transfer lines. Transfer line optics are traditionally designed from a lattice based approach and are unaffected by external effects. Presented is a method of rapidly proto- typing MAD-X simulations into G4Beamline models which propagate particles via electromagnetic fields rather than idealised optical lattice parameters. The transfer line to the ALPHA experiment is simulated in this approach. Due to the presence of fringe fields disagreement is found between the two models. Using an error minimisation technique, revised quadrupole strengths are found which improve agreement by 30% without any manual adjustment.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK032  
About • Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOTK033 Layouts for Feasibility Studies of Fixed-Target Experiments at the LHC target, experiment, dipole, collimation 2134
 
  • P.D. Hermes, K.A. Dewhurst, A.S. Fomin, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study investigates means of exploiting the potential of the CERN accelerator complex to complement the laboratory’s scientific programme at the main Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. The LHC fixed-target (FT) working group studies new experiments at beam energies up to 7 TeV. One of the proposed experiments is based on a bent crystal, part of the collimation hierarchy, to extract secondary halo particles and steer them onto a target. A second bent crystal immediately downstream of the target is used to study electric and magnetic dipole moments of short-lived baryons. The possibility to install a test stand in the LHC off-momentum collimation Insertion Region (IR3) to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of this challenging scheme is currently under investigation. The integration of a spectrometer magnet into the present layout is particularly critical. In this contribution, we study a possible test setup that could be used in LHC Run 3.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK033  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022  
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WEPOTK043 Matching Studies Between the CERN PSB and PS Using Turn-by-Turn Beam Profile Acquisitions with a Residual Beam Gas Ionisation Monitor injection, emittance, electron, operation 2161
 
  • M.A. Fraser, M.R. Coly, A. Guerrero, A. Huschauer, S. Jensen, S. Levasseur, F. Roncarolo, A. Rossi, H.S. Sandberg, J.W. Storey
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the Beam Gas Ionisation (BGI) profile monitors installed in the Proton Synchrotron (PS) were fitted with a gas injection system capable of boosting the signal rate high enough to capture single turn acquisitions immediately after injection. This contribution reports on the studies carried out during the beam commissioning of the BGI system in a turn-by-turn matching monitor mode for its eventual implementation in an optimisation framework to preserve emittance during transfer between the PS Booster and PS. The BGI commissioning included a benchmarking with data from a wire-grid secondary emission monitor inserted into the circulating beam.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK043  
About • Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022  
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WEPOTK053 Simulation of Bunch Formation for the Mu2e Experiment impedance, simulation, experiment, dipole 2180
 
  • K.P. Harrig, E. Prebys
    UCD, Davis, California, USA
  • V.P. Nagaslaev, S.J. Werkema
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Grant DE-SC0019254, The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
The Fermilab Recycler is an 8 GeV storage ring composed of permanent magnets that was crucial to the success of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider program. It is currently being used to slip-stack protons for the high energy neutrino program and to re-bunch protons for use in the Muon g-2 and Mu2e experiments. For the latter applications, the Recycler re-bunches each 1.6 µs "batch" from the Fermilab Booster into four 2.5 MHz bunches. For the Mu2e experiment, it is crucial that beam more than 125 ns from the nominal bunch center be suppressed by at least a factor of 1E-5. While bunch formation is currently in operation for the g-2 experiment, this out of time requirement has not been met, and the reason is not understood. This work presents a simulation of bunch formation in the Recycler, in an effort to understand the reason for this excessive out of time beam and to search for a way to reduce it.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK053  
About • Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
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WEPOTK062 Intrabunch Motion with Both Impedance and Beam-Beam Using the Circulant Matrix Approach coupling, impedance, emittance, collider 2209
 
  • E. Métral, X. Buffat
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  In high-intensity high-brightness circular colliders such as the CERN LHC, coherent beam-beam effects and impedance cannot be treated independently. Coherent beam-beam dipole modes can couple with higher order head-tail modes and lead to the transverse mode coupling instability of colliding beams. This mechanism has been analysed in detail in the past through the eigenvalues, which describe the evolution of the beam oscillation mode-frequency shifts. In this contribution, the transverse mode coupling instability of colliding beams is studied using the eigenvectors, which describe the evolution of the intrabunch motion. As this instability exhibits several mode couplings and mode decouplings, the evolution of the intrabunch motion reveals quite some interesting features (such as a propagation of the traveling-wave not only from the head to the tail but also from the tail to the head and similar intrabunch signals for some mode coupling and mode decoupling), which are compared to past predictions in the presence of impedance only.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK062  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 03 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPOMS020 FAIR SIS100 Laser Cooling Pilot Facility laser, heavy-ion, detector, synchrotron 2284
 
  • S. Klammes, T. Kühl, P.J. Spiller, T. Stöhlker, D.F.A. Winters
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • M.H. Bussmann, U. Schramm, M. Siebold
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  • M.H. Bussmann
    CASUS, Görlitz, Germany
  • J. Gumm, B. Langfeld, T. Walther
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • V. Hannen, K. Ueberholz
    Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
  • X. Ma, W.Q. Wen
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • U. Schramm
    TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
  • T. Stöhlker
    HIJ, Jena, Germany
  • T. Stöhlker
    IOQ, Jena, Germany
  • T. Walther
    HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  We present new (preliminary) results from a recent (May 2021) beam experiment for laser cooling of bunched relativistic carbon ion beams at the ESR of the GSI Helmholtz Centre in Darmstadt, Germany. We were able to use the new pulsed UV laser system from the TU Darmstadt, which has a very high repetition rate, a variable pulse duration and high UV power (up to 250 mW @ 257 nm). Using this laser, we have - for the first time - demonstrated laser cooling of bunched relativistic ion beams for different laser pulse durations (166-740 ps) at a ~10 MHz repetition rate. In addition, we could use the moveable in-vacuo (X)UV detection system from Münster University to study the fluorescence from the laser-excited ions. Finally, we have observed clear effects in the amount of detected fluorescence from the ions using our new ion bunch - laser pulse timing scheme. These studies are also highly relevant for the SIS100 laser cooling pilot facility, which is currently being realized at FAIR.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS020  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022
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THOXGD1 ELENA - From Commissioning to Operation antiproton, MMI, experiment, operation 2391
 
  • L. Ponce, L. Bojtár, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, Y. Dutheil, P. Freyermuth, D. Gamba, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, S. Pasinelli
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  In 2021 the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) moved from commissioning into the physics production phase providing 100 keV antiprotons to the newly connected experiments paving the way to an improved trapping efficiency by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the AD era. After recalling the major work undertaken during the CERN Long Shutdown 2 (2019-2020) in the antiproton deceleration complex, details will be given on the ELENA ring and the new electrostatic transfer line beam commissioning using an ion source. Sub-sequentially, the progress from commissioning with ions to operation with antiprotons will be described with emphasis on the achieved beam performance. Finally, the impact on the performance of the main hardware systems will be reviewed.  
slides icon Slides THOXGD1 [9.720 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD1  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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THOXGD2 Electron Cooling Experiment for Proton Beams with Intense Space-Charge in IOTA electron, space-charge, simulation, emittance 2395
 
  • N. Banerjee, J.A. Brandt
    Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • M.K. Bossard, Y.K. Kim
    University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • B.L. Cathey, S. Nagaitsev, G. Stancari
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No.~DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics and also the University of Chicago.
Electron cooling as a method of creating intense ion beams has a practical upper limit when it comes to the peak phase space density of ion beams which can be achieved in practice. We describe a new experiment to study electron cooling of 2.5 MeV protons at the intensity limit using the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA), which is a storage ring dedicated to beam physics research at Fermilab. This system will enable the study of magnetized electron cooling of a proton beam with transverse incoherent tune shifts approaching -0.5 due to the presence of intense space-charge forces. We present an overview of the hardware design, simulations and specific experiments planned for this project.
 
slides icon Slides THOXGD2 [2.775 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD2  
About • Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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THPOTK004 The Reduction of the Leakage Field of the Injection Septum Magnet in Main Ring of J-PARC septum, operation, injection, quadrupole 2774
 
  • T. Shibata, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  A new injection septum magnet (InjSep) was installed in MR in 2016 for one of the upgrading of beam power of MR. We have measured the leakage field before installation, and it was found from the measurement results that the leakage field at the beam upstream region of the circulating duct was enough smaller than previous InjSep, however we tried to reduce the leakage field further by installation a new magnetic shield. First magnetic shield was produced in 2017, and we installed it in the InjSep. The leakage field was reduced, however the magnetic field of a quadrupole magnet at beam upstream of the InjSep was also reduced slightly. The decrease of the magnetic field of the one of main magnet was not permitted from the requirement of beam optics. In consequently, the first version was failed. The second one was produced in 2018, and we measured the leakage field was measured in Jan. 2019. The leakage field was reduced, while no reduction of the quadrupole magnet. We decided to use the second version for beam operation. The new additional shield was started to use in Nov. 2019.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK004  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPOTK005 The New High Field Septum Magnet for Upgrading of Fast Extraction in Main Ring of J-PARC operation, extraction, flattop, septum 2778
 
  • T. Shibata, K. Ishii, S. Iwata, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • K. Fan
    HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
 
  Upgrading the beam-power of the J-PARC Main Ring to 750 kW is underway by reducing the cycle from 2.48 s to 1.3 s. Required upgrade of the four High Field (HF) Septa will be completed in 2022. The operation test of a new HF SM31 was conducted in 2020. First was 1 Hz operation test. The power supply had no problem in the operation, and the joule heating at the magnet coil was lower than limit. We found a good linearity between the current and the gap field which has no saturation. The field integral in the magnet gap was measured to calculate the appropriate current for beam operation, and we found it was 3,400 A. We compared the gap field of the neutrino side with that of the beam abort side. The magnitude of gap field had no significant discrepancy larger than its measurement accuracy. The end-fringe field was measured and the we found large leakage field still existed around the end-fringes. We are producing an additional magnetic shield which will be mounted in the circulating beam duct, and it will finished in Feb. 2022. In next March we will install the inner shield and measured the leakage field. After that we will install the new SM31 in MR.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK005  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPOTK023 Ferrite Specification for the Mu2e 300 kHz and 4.4 MHz AC Dipole Magnets dipole, experiment, electron, target 2816
 
  • K.P. Harrig, E. Prebys
    UCD, Davis, California, USA
  • L. Elementi, C.C. Jensen, H. Pfeffer, D.A. Still, I. Terechkine, S.J. Werkema, M. Wong
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, in addition to grant DE-SC0019254.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will measure the rate for neutrinoless-conversion of negative muons into electrons with never-before-seen precision. This experiment will use a pulsed 8 GeV proton beam with pulses separated by 1.7 µs. To suppress beam induced backgrounds to this process, a set of dipoles operating at 300 kHz and 4.4 MHz have been developed that will reduce the fraction of out-of-time protons at the level of 1E-10 or less. Selection of magnetic ferrite material for construction must be carefully considered given the high repetition rate and duty cycle that can lead to excess heating in conventional magnetic material. A model of the electromagnetic and thermal properties of candidate ferrite materials has been constructed. Magnetic permeability, inductance, and power loss were measured at the two operating frequencies in toroidal ferrite samples as well as in the ferrites from which prototype magnets were built. Additionally, the outgassing rates of the ferrite material was measured to determine vacuum compatibility. The outcome of this work is a detailed specification of the electrical and mechanical details of the ferrite material required for this application.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK023  
About • Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPOTK049 Irradiation of Low-Z Carbon-Based Materials with 440 GeV/c Proton Beam for High Energy & Intensity Beam Absorbers: The CERN HiRadMat-56-HED Experiment target, experiment, operation, simulation 2883
 
  • P. Andreu Muñoz, M. Calviani, N. Charitonidis, A. Cherif, E.M. Farina, A.M. Krainer, A. Lechner, J. Maestre, F.-X. Nuiry, R. Seidenbinder, C. Torregrosa
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • P. Simon
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  The beam stored energy and the peak intensity of CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will grow in the next few years. The former will increase from the 320 MJ values of Run2 (2015-2018) to almost 540 MJ during Run3 (2022 onwards) and 680 MJ during the HL-LHC era putting stringent requirements on beam intercepting devices, such as absorbers and dumps. The HiRadMat-56-HED (High-Energy Dumps) experiment performed in Autumn 2021 executed at CERN HiRadMat facility employed the Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator (SPS) 440 GeV/c proton beam to impact different low-density carbon-based materials targets to assess their performance to these higher energy beam conditions. The study focused on advanced grades of graphitic materials, including isostatic graphite, carbon-fiber reinforced carbon and carbon-SiC materials in addition to flexible expanded graphite. Some of them specifically tailored in collaboration with industry to very specific properties. The objectives of this experiment are: (i) to assess the performance of existing and potentially suitable advanced materials for the currently operating LHC beam dumps and (ii) to study alternative materials for the HL-LHC main dump or for the Future Circular Collider dump systems. The contribution will detail the R&D phase during design, the execution of the experiment, the pre-irradiation tests as well as the first post irradiation examination of the target materials. Lessons learnt and impact on operational devices will also be drawn.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK049  
About • Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPOTK052 Muon Collider Graphite Target Studies and Demonstrator Layout Possibilities at CERN target, collider, shielding, radiation 2895
 
  • F.J. Saura Esteban, M. Calviani, D. Calzolari, R. Franqueira Ximenes, A.M. Krainer, A. Lechner, R. Losito, D. Schulte
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  Muon colliders offer enormous potential for research of the particle physics frontier. Leptons can be accelerated without suffering large synchrotron radiation losses. The International Muon Collider Collaboration is considering 3 and 10 TeV (CM) machines for a conceptual stage. In the core of the Muon Collider facility lays a MW class production target, which will absorb a high power (1 and 3 MW) proton beam to produce muons via pion decay. The target must withstand high dynamic thermal loads induced by 2 ns pulses at 5-50 Hz. Also, operational reliability must be guaranteed to reduce target exchanges to a minimum. Several technologies for these systems are being studied in different laboratories. We present in this paper the results of a preliminary feasibility study of a graphite-based target, and the different layouts under study for a demonstrator target complex at CERN. Synergies with advanced nuclear systems are being explored for the development of a liquid metal target.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK052  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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THPOMS001 TURBO: A Novel Beam Delivery System Enabling Rapid Depth Scanning for Charged Particle Therapy optics, dipole, controls, multipole 2929
 
  • J.S.L. Yap, S.L. Sheehy
    The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • R.B. Appleby, H.X.Q. Norman, A.F. Steinberg
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
 
  Charged particle therapy (CPT) is a well-established modality of cancer treatment and is increasing in worldwide presence due to improved accelerator technology and modern techniques. The beam delivery system (BDS) determines the overall timing and beam shaping capabilities, but is restricted by the energy variation speed: energy layer switching time (ELST). Existing treatment beamlines have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, needing time to change the magnetic fields as the beam is delivered in layers at various depths across the tumour volume. Minimising the ELST can enable the delivery of faster, more effective and advanced treatments but requires an improved BDS. A possibility for this could be achieved with a design using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics, enabling a large energy acceptance to rapidly transport beams of varying energies. A scaled-down, novel system - Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation (TURBO) - is being developed at the University of Melbourne, to explore the potential of rapid depth scanning. Initial simulation studies, beam and field measurements, project plans and clinical considerations are discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS001  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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THPOMS002 Gantry Beamline and Rotator Commissioning at the Medaustron Ion Therapy Center MMI, optics, quadrupole, radiation 2933
 
  • M.T.F. Pivi, L. Adler, G. Guidoboni, G. Kowarik, C. Kurfürst, C. Maderböck, D.A. Prokopovich, I. Strašík
    EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
  • G. Kowarik
    GKMT Consulting, Consulting and Project Management, Vienna, Austria
  • M. Pavlovič
    STU, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
  • M.G. Pullia
    CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
  • V. Rizzoglio
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  The MedAustron Particle Therapy Accelerator located in Austria, delivers proton beams in the energy range 60-250 MeV/n and carbon ions 120-400 MeV/n for medical treatment in two irradiation rooms, clinically used for tumor therapy. Proton beams up to 800 MeV/n are also provided to a room dedicated to scientific research. Over the last two years, in parallel to clinical operations, we have completed the installation and commissioning of the gantry beam line in a dedicated room, ready for the first patient treatment in early 2022. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the MedAustron gantry beam commissioning including the world-wide first ’rotator’ system, a rotating beamline located upstream of the gantry and used to match the slowly extracted non-symmetric beams into the coordinate system of the gantry. Using the rotator, all beam parameters at the location of the patient become independent of the gantry rotation angle. Furthermore, both the gantry and the high energy transfer line optics had to be redesigned and adapted to the rotator-mode of operation. A review of the beam commissioning including technical solutions, main results and reference measurements is presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS002  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022  
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPOMS003 Upgrade of a Proton Therapy Eye Treatment Nozzle Using a Cylindrical Beam Stopping Device for Enhanced Dose Rate Performances scattering, simulation, radiation, ECR 2937
 
  • E. Gnacadja, C. Hernalsteens, N. Pauly, E. Ramoisiaux, R. Tesse, M. Vanwelde
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • C. Hernalsteens
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  Proton therapy is a well established treatment method for ocular cancerous diseases. General-purpose multi-room systems which comprise eye-treatment beamlines must be thoroughly optimized to achieve the performances of fully dedicated systems in terms of depth-dose distal fall-off, lateral penumbra, and dose rate. For eye-treatment beamlines, the dose rate is one of the most critical clinical performances, as it directly defines the delivery time of a given treatment session. This delivery time must be kept as low as possible to reduce uncertainties due to undesired patient movement. We propose an alternative design of the Ion Beam Applications (IBA) Proteus Plus (P+) eye treatment beamline, which combines a beam-stopping device with the already existing scattering features of the beamline. The design is modelled with Beam Delivery SIMulation (BDSIM), a Geant4-based particle tracking and beam-matter interactions Monte-Carlo code, to demonstrate that it increases the maximum achievable dose rate by up to a factor §I{3} compared to the baseline configuration. An in-depth study of the system is performed and the resulting dosimetric properties are discussed in detail.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS003  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPOMS004 Achromatic Gantry Design Using Fixed-Field Spiral Combined-Function Magnets FFAG, lattice, simulation, emittance 2941
 
  • R. Tesse, E. Gnacadja, C. Hernalsteens, N. Pauly, E. Ramoisiaux, M. Vanwelde
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • C. Hernalsteens
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  Arc-therapy and flash therapy are promising proton therapy treatment modalities as they enable further sparing of the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor site. They impose strong constraints on the beam delivery system and rotating gantry structure, in particular in providing high dose rate and fast energy scanning. Fixed-field achromatic transport lattices potentially satisfy both constraints in allowing instant energy modulation and sufficient transmission efficiency while providing a compact footprint. The presented design study uses fixed-field magnets with spiral edges respecting the FFA scaling law. The cell structure and the layout are studied in simulation and integrated in a compact gantry. Results and further optimizations are discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS004  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
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THPOMS005 Lab-Industry Collaboration: Industrialisation of A Novel Non-Interceptive Turn-Key Diagnostic System for Medical Applications cavity, instrumentation, diagnostics, cyclotron 2945
 
  • S. Srinivasan, H. Bayle, E.T. Touzain
    BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly, France
  • D. Bisiach, M. Cargnelutti, K. Roskar
    I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
  • P.-A. Duperrex
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  A novel non-interceptive beam current monitor prototype was successfully developed to measure the ultra-low beam currents (0.1-10 nA) with a 1 Hz measurement bandwidth at the Paul Scherrer Institute’s (PSI’s) proton radiation therapy facility, PROSCAN. The monitor resonance frequency is tuned to a harmonic of the beam pulse repetition rate, enabling a larger signal-to-noise ratio compared to those of broadband systems. Since the tuned frequency certainly differs for other facilities, such a system requires customisation. To enhance the application of the monitor to a turn-key system, a fast digitiser solution allowing (1 kHz data rate) streaming of measurements to various Control Systems is of importance as well. In this paper, we report on the industrial challenges associated, such as quality, reliability, repeatability and customisability, online monitoring, turn-key system, etc. in manufacturing a working novel prototype from a research environment. A fruitful collaboration between PSI, Bergoz Instrumentation, and Instrumentation Technologies is foreseen to make it happen, from a first-of-a-kind industrialised product to be tested in the lab, to a product line in a catalogue.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS005  
About • Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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THPOMS006 A Carbon Minibeam Irradiation Facility Concept radiation, linac, quadrupole, target 2947
 
  • M. Mayerhofer, G. Dollinger, M.A. Sammer
    Universität der Bundeswehr Muenchen, Neubiberg, Germany
  • V. Bencini
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  In minibeam therapy, the sparing of deep-seated normal tissue is limited by transverse beam spread caused by small-angle scattering. Contrary to proton minibeams, helium or carbon minibeams experience less deflection, which potentially reduces side effects. To verify this potential, an irradiation facility for preclinical and clinical studies is needed. This manuscript presents a concept for a carbon minibeam irradiation facility based on a LINAC design for conventional carbon therapy. A quadrupole triplet focuses the LINAC beam to submillimeter minibeams. A scanning and a dosimetry unit are provided to move the minibeam over the target and monitor the applied dose. The beamline was optimized by TRAVEL simulations. The interaction between beam and these components and the resulting beam parameters at the focal plane is evaluated by TOPAS simulations. A transverse beamwidth of < 100 µm (σ) and a peak-to-valley (energy) dose ratio of > 1000 results for carbon energies of 100 MeV/u and 430 MeV/u (about 3 cm and 30 cm range in water) whereby the average beam current is about 30 nA. Therefore, the presented irradiation facility exceeds the requirements for hadron minibeam therapy.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS006  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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THPOMS007 Beam Diagnostics for FLASH RT in the Varian ProBeam System controls, radiation, operation, target 2951
 
  • M. Schedler, S. Busold
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
  • M. Bräuer
    Siemens Med, Erlangen, Germany
 
  FLASH RT is a novel ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy technique with the potential of sparing radiation induced damages to healthy tissue while keeping tumor control unchanged. Recent studies indicate that this so-called FLASH effect occurs when applying high doses of several Grays in a fraction of a second only, and thus significantly faster than with conventionally available radiation therapy systems today. Varian’s ProBeam system has been enabled to deliver ultra-high beam currents for FLASH treatments at 250 MeV beam energy. The first clinical trial is currently conducted at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and all involved human patients have been successfully irradiated at FLASH dose rates, operating the system at cw cyclotron beam currents of up to 400 nA. With these modifications, treatment times could be reduced down to less than a second. First automated switching between conventional and FLASH operation modes has been demonstrated in non-clinical environment, including switching of the dose monitor system characteristics and all involved beam diagnostics. Furthermore, for an improved online beam current control system with full control over dose rate in addition to dose Varian has demonstrated first promising results that may improve future applications.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS007  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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THPOMS015 New Design of Cyclotron for Proton Therapy cyclotron, cavity, extraction, acceleration 2973
 
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  An innovative approach to a design of cyclotron allows to produce cheaper and more power efficient cyclotrons for medical and industrial application. A design of 230 MeV proton cyclotron for proton therapy, using this approach is presented. The cyclotron is one of the line of cyclotrons from 15 to 230 MeV, that uses same magnet field level and RF frequency and utilises many identical solutions within the lineup to make it cheaper to produce and run.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS015  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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THPOMS016 A New Design of PET Cyclotron cyclotron, vacuum, acceleration, cavity 2977
 
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  An innovative approach to a design of cyclotron allows to produce cheaper and more power efficient cyclotrons for medical and industrial application. 15 MeV cyclotron for PET (and other) isotopes production are widely used and in very high demand. In this paper a design of a very compact and cheap to build and to run cyclotron is presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS016  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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THPOMS017 MSC230 Superconducting Cyclotron for Proton Therapy cyclotron, cavity, extraction, acceleration 2981
 
  • O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.G. Hodshibagijan, G.A. Karamysheva, D. Nikiforov, M.S. Novikov, D. Popov, V.M. Romanov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, A.A. Sinitsa, G.V. Trubnikov, S. Yakovenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • V.A. Gerasimov, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
 
  Superconducting cyclotron MSC230 is dedicated for acceleration the proton beam to 230 MeV for medico-biological research. MSC230 is an isochronous four-sector compact cyclotron with a magnetic field in the center of 1.7 T. Acceleration is performed at the fourth harmonic mode of the accelerating radio-frequency (RF) system consisting of four cavities located in the cyclotron valleys. The accelerator will use an internal Penning type source with a hot cathode. Extraction is carried out by an electrostatic deflector located in the gap between sectors and two passive magnetic channels. The current status of the project is discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS017  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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THPOMS022 Production of Radioisotopes for Cancer Imaging and Treatment with Compact Linear Accelerators linac, target, rfq, cyclotron 2996
 
  • M. Vretenar, A. Mamaras
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • G. Bisoffi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • P. Foka
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Accelerator-produced radioisotopes are widely used in modern medicine, for imaging, for cancer therapy, and for combinations of therapy and diagnostics. Clinical trials are well advanced for several radioisotope-based treatments that might open the way to a strong request of specific accelerator systems dedicated to radioisotope production. While cyclotrons are the standard tool in this domain, we explore here alternative options using linear accelerators. Compared to cyclotrons, linacs have the advantage of modularity, compactness, and reduced beam loss with lower shielding requirements. Although in general more expensive than cyclotrons, linacs are competitive in cost for production of low-energy proton beams, or of intense beams of heavier particles. After a review of radioisotopes of potential interest, in particular those produced with low-energy protons or helium, this paper presents two linac-based isotope production systems. The first is a compact RFQ-based system for PET isotopes, and the second is an alpha-particle linac for production of alpha-emitters. The accelerator systems are described, together with calculations of production yields for different targets.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS022  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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THPOMS023 Design of the 590 MeV Proton Beamline for the Proposed TATTOOS Isotope Production Target at PSI target, simulation, neutron, site 3000
 
  • M. Hartmann, D.C. Kiselev, D. Reggiani, M. Seidel, J. Snuverink, H. Zhang
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technologies) is a proposed initiative envisaged for the high-intensity proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). As part of IMPACT, a radioisotope target station, TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions) will allow the production of terbium radionuclides for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The proposed TATTOOS beamline and target will be located near the UCN (Ultra Cold Neutron source) target area, branching off from the main UCN beamline. In particular, the beamline is intended to operate at a beam intensity of 100 µA, requiring a continuous splitting of the main beam via an electrostatic splitter. Realistic beam loss simulations to verify safe operation have been performed and optimised using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4 based tool enabling the simulation of beam transportation through magnets and particle passage through the accelerator. In this study, beam profiles, beam transmission and power deposits are generated and studied.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS023  
About • Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 31 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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THPOMS024 A Novel Intensity Compensation Method to Achieve Energy Independent Beam Intensity at the Patient Location for Cyclotron Based Proton Therapy Facilities cyclotron, optics, emittance, beam-losses 3004
 
  • V. Maradia, A.L. Lomax, D. Meer, S. Psoroulas, D.C. Weber
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • V. Maradia
    ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
 
  Funding: This work is supported by a PSI inter-departmental funding initiative (Cross)
In cyclotron-based proton therapy facilities, an energy selection system is typically used to lower beam energy from the fixed value provided by the accelerator (250/230MeV) to the one needed for the treatment (230-70MeV). Such a system has drawback of introducing an energy-dependent beam current at the patient location, resulting in energy-dependent beam intensity ratios of about 103 between high and low energies. This complicates treatment delivery and challenges patient safety systems. As such, we propose the use of a dual-energy degrader method that can reduce beam intensity for high-energy beams. The first degrader is made of high Z material and the second is made of low Z material and are placed next to each other. For high energies (230-180MeV), we use only first degrader to increase beam emittance after degrader and thus lose intensity in emittance selection collimators. For intermediate energy beams (180-100MeV) we use the combination of both degraders, whereas for low energy beams (100-70MeV), only the second degrader limits the increase in emittance. With this approach, energy-independent beam intensities can be achieved, whilst localizing beam losses around the degrader.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS024  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPOMS025 A Novel Method of Emittance Matching to Increase Beam Transmission for Cyclotron Based Proton Therapy Facilities: Simulation Study scattering, emittance, optics, cyclotron 3007
 
  • V. Maradia, A.L. Lomax, D. Meer, S. Psoroulas, J.M. Schippers, D.C. Weber
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • V. Maradia
    ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
 
  Funding: This work is supported by a PSI inter-departmental funding initiative (Cross)
In proton therapy, high dose rates can reduce treatment delivery times, allowing for efficient mitigation of tumor motion and increased patient throughput. With cyclotrons, however, high dose rates are difficult to achieve for low-energies as, typically, the emittance after the degrader is matched in both transversal planes using circular collimators, which does not provide an optimal matching to the acceptance of the following beamline. Transmission can however be substantially improved by transporting maximum acceptable emittances in both orthogonal planes, but at the cost of gantry angle-dependent beam shapes at isocenter. Here we demonstrate that equal emittances in both planes can be recovered at the gantry entrance using a thin scattering foil, thus ensuring gantry angle-independent beam shapes at the isocenter. We demonstrate experimentally that low-energy beam transmission can be increased by a factor of 3 using this approach compared to the currently used beam optics, whilst gantry angle-independent beam shapes are preserved. We expect that this universal approach could also bring a similar transmission improvement in other cyclotron-based proton therapy facilities.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS025  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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THPOMS032 Advances in the Optimization of Medical Accelerators network, medical-accelerators, FEL, detector 3030
 
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
 
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 675265.
Between 2016 and 2020, 15 Fellows have carried out collaborative research within the 4 M€ Optimization of Medical Accelerators (OMA) EU-funded innovative train-ing network. Based at universities, research and clinical facilities, as well as industry partners in several European countries, the Fellows have successfully developed a range of beam and patient imaging techniques, improved biological and physical models in Monte Carlo codes, and also helped improve the design of existing and future clinical facilities. This contribution presents three selected OMA research highlights: the use of Medipix3 for dosimetry and real-time beam monitoring, studies into the technical challenges for FLASH proton therapy, recognized by the European Journal of Medical Physics’ 2021 Galileo Gali-lei Award, and research into novel monitors for in-vivo dosimetry that emerged on the back of the OMA network.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS032  
About • Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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THPOMS035 First Production of Astatine-211 at Crocker Nuclear Laboratory at UC Davis target, cyclotron, isotope-production, ISOL 3038
 
  • E. Prebys, D.A. Cebra, R.B. Kibbee, L.M. Korkeila, K.S. Stewart
    UCD, Davis, California, USA
  • M.R. Backfish
    UC Davis, Davis, USA
 
  Funding: This work partially supported by the US DOE under contract DE-SC0020407
There is a great deal of interest in the medical community in the use of the alpha-emitter At-211 as a therapeutic isotope. Among other things, its 7.2 hour half life is long enough to allow for recovery and labeling, but short enough to avoid long term activity in patients. Unfortunately, the only practical technique for its production is to bombard a Bi-209 target with a ~29 MeV alpha beam, so it is not accessible to commercial isotope production facilities, which all use fixed energy proton beams. The US Department of Energy is therefore supporting the development of a "University Isotope Network" (UIN) to satisfy this need. As part of this effort, we have developed an At-211 production facility using the variable-energy, multi-species cyclotron at Crocker Nuclear Lab the University of California, Davis. This effort relies on a beam probe which has been modified to serve as an internal Bi-209 target, to avoid problems with alpha particle extraction efficiency. This poster will data on the first production and recovery of At-211 using this system.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS035  
About • Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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THPOMS038 Spallation Target Optimization for ADS by Monte Carlo Codes target, neutron, experiment, site 3049
 
  • MumyapanM. Mumyapan, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H. Namgoong
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
 
  Accelerator Driven Systems are advanced systems for the use of Thorium as fuel, aiming to reduce nuclear waste through transmutation. The spallation target, which is responsible for producing neutrons, is one of the main parts of the ADS system. In this research, neutronic parameters of spallation targets consisting of several materials LBE, Mercury, Lead, Mercury on the cylindrical, box, and conic shapes using Monte Carlo codes (FLUKA, PHITS, MCNPX) was investigated. Energy Deposition and spallation neutron yield of spallation target with different shapes and dimensions have been calculated to optimization of the target. According to the results, the neutron yield values from MCNPX and PHITS are similar and it’s close to the experimental result. On the other hand, the error rate of the values in FLUKA is higher.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS038  
About • Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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THPOMS042 Development of a Cyclotron Based External Beam Irradiation System for Elemental Analysis radiation, target, cyclotron, simulation 3064
 
  • P. Thongjerm, A. Ngamlamiad, W. Pornroongruengchok, K. Tangpong, S. Wonglee
    Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
 
  We present the studies carried out at the cyclotron facility at Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand). The cyclotron accelerates up to 30 MeV proton with a maximum beam current of 200 µA. Proton beam is transported to three target halls, including the R&D vault. Particularly, the R&D beamline consists of a five-port switching magnet allowing further extension for multidisciplinary research and experiments. The first station of the research vault is dedicated to non-destructive and multi-elemental analysis using proton-induced x-ray (PIXE) and proton-induced gamma (PIGE) techniques. For this purpose, the beam is extracted through an exit foil to the air. The beam size is then shaped by a set of collimators before reaching a sample. However, the range of the protons in air and the attenuation of x-rays may deteriorate. Therefore, the external irradiation system, including exit foil, collimator and detector arrangement, is evaluated in Geant4 to optimise the proton beam quality and improve detection efficiency. A detailed description of the simulation and results are discussed in this work.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS042  
About • Received ※ 16 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOMS049 Energy Comparison of Room Temperature and Superconducting Synchrotrons for Hadron Therapy synchrotron, dipole, operation, extraction 3080
 
  • G. Bisoffi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • E. Benedetto, M. Karppinen, M.R. Khalvati, M. Vretenar, R. van Weelderen
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • M.G. Pullia, G. Venchi
    CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
  • L. Rossi
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
  • M. Sapinski
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • M. Sorbi
    Universita’ degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy
  • R.U. Valente
    La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
 
  The yearly energy requirements of normal conducting (NC) and superconducting (SC) magnet options of a new hadron therapy (HT) facility are compared. Special reference is made to the layouts considered for the proposed SEEIIST facility. Benchmarking with the NC CNAO HT centre in Pavia (Italy) was carried out. The energy comparison is centred on the different synchrotron solutions, assuming the same injector and lines in the designs. The beam current is more than a factor 10 higher with respect to present generation facilities. This allows efficient ’multi-energy extraction’ (MEE), which shortens the therapy treatment and is needed especially in the SC option, because of the slow magnet ramping time. Hence, power values of the facility in the traditional mode were converted into MEE ones, for the sake of a fair stepwise comparison between NC and SC magnets. The use of cryocoolers and a liquefier are also compared, for synchrotron refrigeration. This study shows that a NC facility operated in MEE mode requires the least average energy, followed by the SC synchrotron solution with a liquefier, while the most energy intensive solution is the SC one with cryocoolers.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS049  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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THPOMS051 Study on Construction of an Additional Beamline for a Compact Neutron Source Using a 30 Mev Proton Cyclotron neutron, target, beam-transport, cyclotron 3087
 
  • Y. Kuriyama, M. Hino, Y. Iwashita, R.N. Nakamura, H. Tanaka
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
 
  The Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University (KURNS) has been actively using neutrons extracted from the research reactor (KUR) for collaborative research. Since the operation of KUR is scheduled to be terminated in 2026 according to the current reactor operation plan, the development of a general-purpose neutron source using the 30 MeV proton cyclotron (HM-30) installed at KURNS for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) research has been discussed as an alternative neutron source. In this presentation, we report on the conceptual design of an additional beamline for a compact neutron source using this cyclotron.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS051  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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THPOMS053 Proton Beam Irradiation System for Space Part Test radiation, simulation, target, vacuum 3093
 
  • H.-J. Kwon, J.J. Dang, W.-H. Jung, H.S. Kim, K.Y. Kim, K.R. Kim, S. Lee, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun
    KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the Nuclear Research and Development Program (2021M2D1A1045615) through the National Research Foundation of Korea.
A proton beam irradiation system for space part test has been developed at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) based on 100 MeV proton linac. It consists of a thermal vacuum chamber, a beam diagnostic system and a control system in the low flux beam target room. The thermal vacuum chamber accommodates the capacity for proton beam irradiation in addition to temperature control in vacuum condition. The beam diagnostic system is newly installed to measure the lower dose rate than existing one. In this paper, the proton beam irradiation system for space part test including a thermal vacuum chamber, newly installed beam diagnostic system is presented.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS053  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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FROXGD1 A Method for Obtaining 3D Charge Density Distribution of a Self-Modulated Proton Bunch plasma, experiment, wakefield, electron 3118
 
  • T. Nechaeva, P. Muggli
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  • L. Verra, G. Zevi Della Porta
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • L. Verra
    TUM, Munich, Germany
  • L. Verra
    MPI, Muenchen, Germany
 
  The Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN is the first plasma wakefield accelerator experiment to use a proton bunch as driver. The long bunch undergoes seeded self-modulation (SSM) in a 10 m-long plasma. SSM transforms the bunch into a train of short micro-bunches that resonantly drive high-amplitude wakefields. We use optical transition radiation (OTR) and a streak camera to obtain time-resolved images of the bunch transverse charge density distribution in a given plane. In this paper we present a method to obtain 3D images of the bunch by scanning the OTR across the entrance slit of the streak camera. Reconstruction of the 3D distribution is possible because with seeding self-modulation is reproducible*. The 3D images allow for checking the axi-symmetry of SSM and for detecting the possible presence of the non-axi-symmetric hosing instability (HI).
* F. Batsch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 164802 (2021).
 
slides icon Slides FROXGD1 [4.026 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-FROXGD1  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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FROXSP1 20-Year Collaboration on Synchrotron RF Between CERN and J-PARC cavity, synchrotron, radiation, operation 3130
 
  • C. Ohmori
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • M. Brucoli, M. Brugger, H. Damerau, S. Danzeca, M.M. Paoluzzi, C. Rossi
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • K. Hasegawa, Y. Morita, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
    KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H. Okita, M.J. Shirakata, F. Tamura
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
 
  KEK/J-PARC and CERN started the collaboration on the RF systems of Low Energy Ion Ring to use magnetic alloy loaded cavities in 2002 for heavy ion collision program at LHC. It was an exchange of our expertise on the wideband cavities and high-power solid-state amplifiers. This paper summarizes the 20-year collaboration which includes many synchrotrons of both facilities: J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron and Main Ring, CERN Proton Synchrotron, PS Booster, Antiproton Decelerator, Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring and MedAustron. By the improvements of cavity core using the magnetic annealing, field gradient of cavity and compactness were improved to fit the requirements for LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU)program. Radiation-hard and compact high-power solid-state amplifiers were also developed for LIU and future accelerator improvements.  
slides icon Slides FROXSP1 [8.210 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-FROXSP1  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 19 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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