IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (dipole)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOOYSP1	Impact of Longitudinal Gradient Dipoles on Storage Ring Performance	photon, emittance, storage-ring, electron	30
	F. Zimmermann, Y. Papaphilippou, A. Poyet CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 101004730 (iFAST). Innovative new magnets with longitudinally varying dipole field are being produced for installation in a few modern light-source storage rings. We investigate some of the associated beam-dynamics issues, in particular the photon spectrum and quantum fluctuation associated with such magnets, and we study whether the resulting equilibrium emittance may deviate from the value expected in the long-magnet limit.
	Slides MOOYSP1 [2.364 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOOYSP1
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOST001	Performance of Automated Synchrotron Lattice Optimisation Using Genetic Algorithm	lattice, network, synchrotron, focusing	38
	X. Zhang, S.L. Sheehy The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia S.L. Sheehy ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia
	Funding: Work supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship Rapid advances in superconducting magnets and related accelerator technology opens many unexplored possibilities for future synchrotron designs. We present an efficient method to probe the feasible parameter space of synchrotron lattice configurations. Using this method, we can converge on a suite of optimal solutions with multiple optimisation objectives. It is a general method that can be adapted to other lattice design problems with different constraints or optimisation objectives. In this method, we tackle the lattice design problem using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The problem is encoded by representing the components of each lattice as columns of a matrix. This new method is an improvement over the neural network based approach* in terms of computational resources. We evaluate the performance and limitations of this new method with benchmark results. *Conference Proceedings IPAC’21, 2021. DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB182
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST001
About •	Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOST004	Beam-Based Measurement of Skew-Sextupole Errors in the CERN Proton Synchrotron	sextupole, coupling, resonance, proton	46
	S.J. Horney, A. Huschauer, E.H. Maclean CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	During Proton Synchrotron (PS) commissioning in 2021, large beam losses were observed when crossing the 3Qy resonance if the Beam Gas Ionization (BGI) profile monitor was enabled. This indicated the presence of a strong skew-sextupole source in this instrument. Beam-based measurements of the skew sextupole component in the BGI magnet were performed, in order to benchmark the BGI magnetic model and to provide quantitative checks of sextupole corrections determined empirically to minimize the beam-losses. In this contribution, results of the successfully performed measurements are presented, including tune feed-down, chromatic coupling and resonance driving terms.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST004
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 18 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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MOPOST008	Simulations of Protons to Extraction at Gγ=7.5 in the AGS Booster	resonance, proton, booster, polarization	62
	K. Hock, H. Huang, F. Méot BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. To prepare for polarized helion collisions at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), polarization transmission at the injectors for the Hadron Storage Ring must be studied and optimized. To this effect, an AC dipole has been installed in the AGS Booster to maximize polarization transmission of helions through several intrinsic resonances. This installation also allows polarized protons to be extracted at higher energy without polarization loss. By increasing the proton extraction energy from $Gγ$ = 4.5 to $Gγ$ = 7.5, protons will cross the $Gγ$ = 0 + ν_y$ and $Gγ = 12 - ν_y$ depolarizing vertical intrinsic resonances, the $Gγ$ = 5, 6, and 7 imperfection resonances in addition to the $Gγ$ = 3, 4 that are crossed in the present configuration, and be injected into the AGS at a higher rigidity. By simulation, it is determined that there is sufficient strength of the AC dipole to fully flip the spin spin through each of the intrinsic resonances, and there is sufficient corrector current to preserve polarization through the three additional imperfection resonances. The higher injection rigidity facilitates the horizontal and vertical tunes being placed inside the AGS spin-tune gap at injection due to a substantial improvement on the AGS admittance at injection.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST008
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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MOPOPT040	Summary of the Post-Long Shutdown 2 LHC Hardware Commissioning Campaign	MMI, operation, target, hardware	335
	A. Apollonio, O.O. Andreassen, A. Antoine, T. Argyropoulos, M.C. Bastos, M. Bednarek, B. Bordini, K. Brodzinski, A. Calia, Z. Charifoulline, G.-J. Coelingh, G. D’Angelo, D. Delikaris, R. Denz, L. Fiscarelli, V. Froidbise, M.A. Galilée, J.C. Garnier, R. Gorbonosov, P. Hagen, M. Hostettler, D. Jacquet, S. Le Naour, D. Mirarchi, V. Montabonnet, B.I. Panev, T.H.B. Persson, T. Podzorny, M. Pojer, E. Ravaioli, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, A.P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli, J. Spasic, A. Stanisz, J. Steckert, R. Steerenberg, S. Sudak, H. Thiesen, E. Todesco, G. Trad, J.A. Uythoven, S. Uznanski, A.P. Verweij, J. Wenninger, G.P. Willering, D. Wollmann, S. Yammine CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland V. Vizziello INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
	In this contribution we provide a summary of the LHC hardware commissioning campaign following the second CERN Long Shutdown (LS2), initially targeting the nominal LHC energy of 7 TeV. A summary of the test procedures and tools used for testing the LHC superconducting circuits is given, together with statistics on the successful test execution. The paper then focuses on the experience and observations during the main dipole training campaign, describing the encountered problems, the related analysis and mitigation measures, ultimately leading to the decision to reduce the energy target to 6.8 TeV. The re-commissioning of two powering sectors, following the identified problems, is discussed in detail. The paper concludes with an outlook to the future hardware commissioning campaigns, discussing the lessons learnt and possible strategies moving forward.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT040
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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MOPOPT049	Study on Energy Spectrum Measurement of Electron Beam for Producing MIR-FEL at PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory	electron, FEL, linac, emittance	367
	P. Kitisri, S. Rimjaem, K. Techakaew Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand S. Rimjaem ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand
	At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory (PCELL), we aim to produce a mid-infrared free-electron laser (MIR-FEL) for pump-probe experiments in the future. The electron beam is generated from a thermionic cathode radio-frequency (RF) gun with a 1.5-cell cavity before going to an alpha magnet. In this section, some part of the beam is filtered out by using energy slits. The selected part of the beam is then further accelerated by an RF linear accelerator (linac) to get higher energy. This work focuses on the measurement of energy spectrum of electron beam for producing mid-infrared free-electron laser (MIR-FEL). Since our bunch compressor (BC) for the MIR-FEL beamline is an achromat system, the longitudinal distributions of electron beam at the entrance and the exit of the BC are almost the same. Thus, we can measure the longitidinal properties of the beam before it travels to the BC. By using a dipole magnet and a Faraday cup with a slit, we can measure energy spectrum of electron beam before entering the BC. In this study, the ASTRA code is used to investigate the properties of electron beam as well as to design the measuring system. The design results including systematic error of the measuring system are presented and discussed in this contribution. The results from this work can be used as the guideline for the measuring system construction as well as the beam operation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT049
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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MOPOTK009	Basic Design Choices for the BESSY III MBA Lattice	emittance, lattice, sextupole, ECR	449
	B.C. Kuske, M. Abo-Bakr, P. Goslawski HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association. Lattice development efforts for the 2.5GeV, low emittance successor of BESSY II, are ongoing at HZB for 2 years. The basic choice of a multi-bend achromat lattice is indispensable due to the emittance goal of 100pm, required to generate diffraction limited radiation up to 1keV. Hard boundary conditions for the design are a reasonably short circumference of ~350m due to the accessible construction properties in vicinity to Bessy II and 16 super-periods to not step behind the number of existing experimental stations. Additionally, the Pysikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, the long-term partner of HZB, requests homogeneous dipoles as a calculable and traceable source of radiation for metrology applications. The configuration of the two building blocks of MBA lattices - unit cell and dispersion suppression cell - has been thoroughly studied from basic principles. It was found that gradient free bending dipoles are the better choice for the BESSY III lattice, opposite to the concepts of comparable projects. This work summarizes and explains the findings of our investigations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK009
About •	Received ※ 21 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022
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MOPOTK024	Quasi-Frozen Spin Concept of Magneto-Optical Structure of NICA Adapted to Study the Electric Dipole Moment of the Deuteron and to Search for the Axion	storage-ring, lattice, proton, insertion	492
	Y. Senichev, A.E. Aksentyev, S.D. Kolokolchikov, A.A. Melnikov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia A.E. Aksentyev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia V. Ladygin, E. Syresin JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia N. Nikolaev Landau ITP, Chernogolovka, Russia
	Funding: We acknowledge a support by the joint Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft (DFG) and Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 22-42-04419 The "frozen spin" method is based on the fact that at a certain parameters of the ring, the particle spin rotates with the frequency of the momentum, creating conditions for the continuous growth of the electric dipole moment signal. Since a straightforward implementation of the frozen spin regime at NICA is not possible, we suggest an alternative quasi-frozen spin approach concept. In this new regime, the spin oscillates about particle orbit with the spin phase advance pigammaG/2, locally recovering the longitudinal orientation at the location of the electric-magnetic Wien filters in the straight sections. In the case of deuterons, thanks to the small magnetic anomaly G, the spin continuously oscillates relative to the direction of the momentum with a small amplitude of a few degrees and the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent. In this paper, we study the spin-orbital motion with the aim of using the NICA collider to measure the EDM. We also comment on the potential of NICA as an axion antenna in both the quasi-frozen spin regime and beyond.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK024
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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MOPOTK031	10 TeV Center of Mass Energy Muon Collider	collider, quadrupole, focusing, radiation	515
	K. Skoufaris, C. Carli, D. Schulte CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A Muon collider can provide unique opportunities in high-energy physics as an energy frontier machine. However, a number of challenges have to be addressed during the design process primarily due to the short lifetime of muons. In this work, a lattice for a §I10{TeV} center-of-mass energy collider is presented. Some of the more important challenges faced are: the design of an interaction region with β^* values of the order of a few millimeters and an adequate chromatic compensation without sacrificing the physical and dynamic aperture, the flexibility to control the momentum compaction factor and the radiation generated where neutrinos from muons decays reach the surface. These issues are addressed with the development of a new chromatic correction scheme, the extensive use of flexible momentum compaction factor cells and the efficient control of the optical parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK031
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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MOPOTK033	Beamline Design and Optimisation for High Intensity Muon Beams at PSI	target, experiment, proton, solenoid	523
	E.V. Valetov PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 884104 (PSI-FELLOW-III-3i). The High Intensity Muon Beams (HIMB) project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) will provide muon intensities of the order of 1e10 muons/s for particle physics and material science experiments, two orders of magnitude higher than the state of the art, which is currently available also at PSI. In particle transport simulations for the HIMB, we use G4beamline with measured pi+ cross-sections and with variance reduction. We also use the codes COSY INFINITY, TRANSPORT, and TURTLE for some studies. We perform asynchronous Bayesian optimisation of the beamlines on a computing cluster using G4beamline and the optimisation package DeepHyper. We performed numerous studies for the design of the HIMB, and we produced various results, including the muon transmission, beam phase space, polarisation, and momentum spectrum.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK033
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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MOPOTK035	Beam-Based Diagnostics of Electric Guide Fields and Lattice Parameters for Run-1 of the Muon g-2 Storage Ring at Fermilab	storage-ring, detector, lattice, experiment	531
	D.A. Tarazona, M. Berz, K. Makino MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA J.D. Crnkovic, M.J. Syphers Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA K.S. Khaw Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China J. Mott BUphy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA J. Price The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom M.J. Syphers Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA D.A. Tarazona Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA V. Tishchenko BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) resources, a US DoE, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. A portion of the Muon g-2 Storage Ring electric system, which provides vertical beam focusing, exhibited an unexpected time dependence that produced a characteristic evolution of the stored beam during Run-1 of the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989). A method to reconstruct the Run-1 electric guide fields has been developed, which is based on a numerical model of the muon storage ring and optimization algorithms supported by COSY INFINITY. This method takes beam profile measurements from the Muon g-2 straw tracking detectors as input, and it produces a full reconstruction of the time-dependent fields. The fields can then be used for the reproduction of detailed beam tracking simulations and the calculation of ring lattice parameters for acceptance studies and systematic error evaluations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK035
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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MOPOTK039	Iron Yoke Effects in Quadrupole Magnets for High Rigidity Isotope Beams	quadrupole, sextupole, superconducting-magnet, simulation	546
	D.B. Greene, Y. Choi, J. DeKamp, P.N. Ostroumov, M. Portillo, J.D. Wenstrom, T. Xu FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA S.L. Manikonda AML, Melbourne, Florida, USA
	Iron-dominated superconducting magnets are one of the most popular and most used design choices for superconducting magnetic quadrupoles for accelerator systems. While the iron yoke and pole tips are economic and effective in shaping the field, the large amount of iron also leads to certain drawbacks, namely, unwanted harmonics from the sextupole correctors nested inside of the quadrupole. Additional problems include the nonlinear field profile present in the high-field regime engendered by the presence of steel, and the mechanical and cryogenic design challenges of the entire iron yoke being part of the cold mass. The presented work discusses these effects and challenges by comparing an iron-dominated quadrupole model to an equivalent coil-dominated quadrupole model. The comparison of their respective magnetic harmonics, integrated strength, multipole effects, and mechanical challenges demonstrates that the coil-dominated design is a more favorable choice for select accelerator systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK039
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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MOPOMS032	Compact-Two-Octave-Spanning Perpendicular Kicker of MeV Electrons Based on a Cubic Magnet Dipole Array	electron, radiation, laser, kicker	706
	T. Rohwer, R. Bazrafshan, F.X. Kärtner, N.H. Matlis Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany R. Bazrafshan University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany F.X. Kärtner The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany F.X. Kärtner CFEL, Hamburg, Germany P. Vagin DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Funding: This work has been supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) through the Synergy Grant AXSIS (609920). New compact particle acceleration structures, including but not limited to plasma, THz and direct laser driven accelerators, have in common that they cover a wide energy range of potential final energies and often show a large energy spread. Moreover, they may initially have a rather large emittance. To analyze the energy range of a single shot and/or to deflect the beam to safely dump the electrons away from an end-station requires an electron kicker covering a large energy range. Here, we present a magnetic dipole structure based on a 2D Halbach array. For the current experimental test accelerator in AXSIS, an electron beam in the energy range from 4 to 20 MeV is deflected by 90 degree and energetically dispersed. In direct contrast to a simple magnetic dipole, an array of cubic magnet blocks with tailored magnetization directions allows a focusing of the beam for both longitudinal and transverse directions at 90 degree bend. A generic algorithm optimizes the magnetic field array to the predefined deflection angle and divergence. The modular array structure, in combination with the algorithm enables a simple exchange of magnets to adapt for different beam parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS032
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
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TUOZGD2	A Compact Synchrotron for Advanced Cancer Therapy with Helium and Proton Beams	synchrotron, proton, extraction, injection	811
	M. Vretenar, M.E. Angoletta, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L. Bottura, K. Paļskis, R.L. Taylor, G. Tranquille CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Benedetto SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland G. Bisoffi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy M. Sapinski PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of helium for radiation therapy of cancer. Helium ions can be more precisely delivered to the tumour than protons or carbon ions, presently the only beams licensed for treatment, with a biological effectiveness between the two. The accelerator required for helium is considerably smaller than a standard carbon ion synchrotron. To exploit the potential of helium therapy and of other emerging particle therapy techniques, in the framework of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS) at CERN the design of a compact synchrotron optimised for acceleration of proton and helium beams has been investigated. The synchrotron is based on a new magnet design, profits from a novel injector linac, and can provide both slow and fast extraction for conventional and FLASH therapy. Production of mini-beams, and operation with multiple ions for imaging and treatment are also considered. This accelerator is intended to become the main element of a facility devoted to a programme of cancer research and treatment with proton and helium beams, to both cure patients and contribute to the assessment of helium beams as a new tool to fight cancer.
	Slides TUOZGD2 [1.940 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZGD2
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
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TUOZSP1	Prospects for Optics Measuements in FCC-ee	optics, damping, collider, radiation	827
	J. Keintzel, R. Tomás García, F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Within the framework of the Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study, the design of the electron-positron collider FCC-ee is optimised, as a possible future double collider ring, currently foreseen to start operation during the 2040s. With close to 100 km of circumference and strong synchrotron radiation damping at highest beam energy, adequate beam measurements are needed to control the optics at the desired level. Various possible techniques to measure the optics in FCC-ee are explored, including the option of turn-by-turn measurements in combination with an AC-dipole.
	Slides TUOZSP1 [2.738 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZSP1
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOPT006	The New FLASH1 Beamline for the FLASH2020+ Project	undulator, FEL, electron, photon	1010
	M. Vogt, J. Zemella DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The 2nd stage of the FLASH2020+ project will be an upgrade of the FLASH1 beamline, downstream of the injector/linac section FLAH0 which is currently being upgraded. The currently existing beamline drives the original planar fixed gap SASE undulators from the TTF-2 setup, a THz undulator that uses the spent electron beam and deflects the e-beam into a dump beamline capable of safely dumping several thousand bunches per second. The updated beamline has been designed for EEHG seeding with 2 modulators, 3 chicanes, and a helical Apple-III undulator beamline as seeding radiator, followed by a transverse deflecting (S-band) structure for longitudinal diagnostics. The separation of the electron beam from the FEL beam will be moved upstream w.r.t. the old design to create more space for the photon diagnostics and will be achieved by a 5 deg double-bend-almost-achromat. To allow enable high power THz radiation output from a moderately compressed seeding beam, a post compressor will be installed. The capability of dumping the the long bunch trains safely may and will not be compromised by the design. This article describes the conceptional and some technical and details of the beamline.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT006
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOPT016	Status of the THz@PITZ Project - The Proof-of-Principle Experiment on a THz SASE FEL at the PITZ Facility	undulator, FEL, electron, experiment	1033
	T. Weilbach, P. Boonpornprasert, G.Z. Georgiev, G. Koss, M. Krasilnikov, X.-K. Li, A. Lueangaramwong, F. Mueller, A. Oppelt, S. Philipp, F. Stephan DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	Funding: This work was supported by the European XFEL research and development program. In order to allow THz pump/X-ray probe experiments at full bunch repetition rate for users at the European XFEL, the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESYin Zeuthen (PITZ) is building a prototype of an accelerator-based THz source. The goal is to generate THz SASE FEL radiation with a mJ energy level per bunch using an undulator driven by the electron beam from PITZ. Therefore, the existing PITZ beam line is extended into a tunnel annex downstream of the existing accelerator tunnel. The final design of the beam line extension consists of a bunch compressor, a collimation system and a beam dump in the PITZ tunnel. In the tunnel annex one LCLS-I undulator is installed for the production of the THz radiation with a quadrupole triplet in front of it for matching the beam parameters for the FEL process. Behind the undulator two screen stations couple out the THz radiation, for measurements of bunch compression, pulse energy or spatial distribution. A dipole separates the electron from the THz beam and a quadrupole doublet transports the electron beam to the beam dump. The installation progress will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT016
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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TUPOPT046	Electron Transport for the LCLS-II-HE Low Emittance Injector	diagnostics, emittance, quadrupole, cryomodule	1103
	Y.M. Nosochkov, C. Adolphsen, R. Coy, C.E. Mayes, T.O. Raubenheimer, M.D. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. The Low Emittance Injector (LEI) is a recent addition to the LCLS-II High Energy (LCLS-II-HE) Project under design at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. It will provide a second beam source capable of producing a low emittance electron beam that increases the XFEL photon energy reach to 20 keV. The LEI will include an SRF electron gun, a buncher system, a 1.3 GHz cryomodule, and a beam transport system with a connection to the LCLS-II beamline and a stand-alone diagnostic line. The LEI transport beamlines and diagnostic are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT046
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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TUPOTK062	Settings for Improved Betatron Collimation in the First Run of the High Luminosity LHC	collimation, luminosity, collider, hadron	1366
	B. Lindström, A. Abramov, R. Bruce, R. De Maria, P.D. Hermes, J. Molson, S. Redaelli, F.F. Van der Veken CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: This work was supported by the High Luminosity LHC project The current betatron collimation system in the LHC is not optimized to absorb off-momentum particles scattered out from the primary collimators. The highest losses are concentrated in the downstream dispersion suppressor (DS). Given the increased beam intensity in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), there is concern that these losses could risk quenching the superconducting DS magnets. Consequently, a dedicated upgrade of the DS has been studied. However, at this stage, the deployment for the startup of the HL-LHC is uncertain due to delays in the availability of high-field magnets needed to integrate new collimators into the DS. In this paper, we describe the expected collimation setup for the first run of the HL-LHC and explore various techniques to improve the collimation cleaning. These include exploiting the asymmetric response of the two jaws of each primary collimator and adjusting the locally generated dispersion in the collimation insertion.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK062
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOMS021	PETRA III Operational Performance and Availability	operation, synchrotron, experiment, synchrotron-radiation	1453
	R. Wanzenberg, M. Bieler, J. Keil, L. Liao, G.K. Sahoo, M. Schaumann DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	At DESY the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III offers scientists outstanding opportunities for experiments with hard X-rays of exceptionally high brilliance since 2009. The light source is operated mainly in two operation modes with 480 and 40 bunches at a beam energy of 6 GeV. With the completion of the last milestone of the extension project in summer 2021 that brought the new dipole beamline P66 into operation, 2022 is the first year where almost 5000 hours of user run time could be scheduled. This paper will review the statistics of availability and failures over the years and provides a detailed description of the operation in 2021. Additionally, an outlook for the next runs is given.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS021
About •	Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUPOMS029	Status of the PETRA IV Machine Project	cavity, alignment, operation, emittance	1475
	R. Bartolini, I.V. Agapov, A. Aloev, R. Bacher, R. Böspflug, H.-J. Eckoldt, J. Hauser, M. Hüning, P. Hülsmann, N. Koldrack, B. Krause, L. Lilje, G. Loisch, R. Onken, A. Petrov, S. Pfeiffer, J. Prenting, H. Schlarb, M. Thede, M. Tischer DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	DESY is planning the upgrade of PETRA III to a fourth generation light source, providing high brightness, quasi diffraction limited hard X-ray photons. The project is underpinned by the construction of a new storage ring PETRA IV, based on a 20 pm accelerator lattice using a hybrid 6-bend achromat concept. We review here the status of the machine project, the latest development in the different technical subsystems, the status of the engineering integration and the plans for the implementation of the new ring in the existing PETRA III tunnel.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS029
About •	Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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TUPOMS046	Fabrication and Low-Power Test of Disk-and-Washer Cavity for Muon Acceleration	cavity, experiment, linac, acceleration	1534
	Y. Takeuchi, J. Tojo Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan E. Cicek, H. Ego, K. Futatsukawa, N. Kawamura, T. Mibe, M. Otani, N. Saito, T. Yamazaki, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan Y. Iwashita Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan R. Kitamura, T. Morishita JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Y. Kondo JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan Y. Nakazawa Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan Y. Sue, K. Sumi, M. Yotsuzuka Nagoya University, Graduate School of Science, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan H.Y. Yasuda University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
	The muon g-2/EDM experiment is under preparation at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), and the muon linear accelerator for the experiment is being developed. A Disk-and-Washer (DAW) cavity will be used for the medium-velocity part of the accelerator, and muons will be accelerated from v/c=ß=0.3 to 0.7 with the operating frequency of 1.296 GHz. Machining, brazing, and low-power measurements of a prototype cell reflecting the design of the first tank of DAW were performed to identify fabrication problems. Several problems were identified, such as displacement of washers during brazing, and some measures will be taken in the actual tank fabrication. In this paper, the results of the prototype cell fabrication will be reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS046
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOMS057	Design Study of HOM Couplers for the C-Band Accelerating Structure	factory, GUI, damping, cavity	1561
	D. Kim, E.I. Simakov LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA S. Biedron UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA Z. Li SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: High Energy Physics (HEP) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) A cold copper distributed coupling accelerator, with a high accelerating gradient at cryogenic temperatures (~77 K), is proposed as a baseline structure for the next generation of linear colliders. This novel technology improves accelerator performance and allows more degrees of freedom for optimization of individual cavities. It has been suggested that C-band accelerating structures at 5.712 GHz may allow to maintain high efficiency, achieve high accelerating gradient, and be suitable beam dynamics with wakefield damping and detuning of the cavities. The optimization of the cavity shape was performed and we computed quality factor, shunt impedance, and beam kick factor for each of the proposed cavity geometries using CST microwave studio. Next, we proposed a configuration for higher order mode (HOM) suppression that includes waveguide slots running parallel to the axis of the accelerator. This presentation will report details of the parametric study of performance of the HOM suppression waveguide, and the dependence of HOM Q-factors and kick-factors on the cavity’s and HOM waveguide’s geometries.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS057
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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WEOYGD3	Isochronous Mode of the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI	experiment, sextupole, electron, detector	1620
	S.A. Litvinov, R. Hess, B. Lorentz, M. Steck GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The isochronous optics of the ESR is a unique ion-optical setting in which the particles within a finite momentum acceptance circulate at constant frequency. It is used for direct mass measurements of short-lived exotic nuclei by a Time-of-Flight method. Besides the mass spectrometry, the isochronous ESR has been used as an instrument for the search of short lived isomers stored in the ring, which was performed in 2021 for the first time. Introduction to the isochronous mode of the ESR, comparison with a standard operational mode, recent machine experiments will be presented here. Possible improvements of the isochronous optics at the ESR and perspectives of the isochronous mode at CR, FAIR will be outlined.
	Slides WEOYGD3 [6.871 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYGD3
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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WEIZSP2	Trapping of Neutral Molecules by the Electromagnetic Beam Field	vacuum, electron, simulation, alignment	1649
	G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt, Germany F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Neutral uncharged molecules are affected by the electromagnetic field of a charged particle beam if they carry either an electric or a magnetic dipole moment. The residual gas in an accelerator beam pipe consists of such molecules. In this paper we study their dynamics. Under a few approximations, whose validity we explore and justify, we derive the equations of motion of neutral molecules and their invariants, determine the conditions for these neutral molecules to become trapped in the field of the beams as function of beam-pipe temperature, and compute the resulting enhancement of molecule density in the vicinity of the beam. We demonstrate that large agglomerates of molecules, "flakes," are much more likely to be pulled into the beam than single molecules, and suggest that this phenomenon might help explain some beam observations at the Large Hadron Collider.
	Slides WEIZSP2 [6.142 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIZSP2
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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WEPOST001	Radiation Load Studies for Superconducting Dipole Magnets in a 10 TeV Muon Collider	collider, radiation, shielding, electron	1671
	D. Calzolari, C. Carli, B. Humann, A. Lechner, G. Lerner, F. Salvat Pujol, D. Schulte, K. Skoufaris CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland B. Humann TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
	Among the various future lepton colliders under study, muon colliders offer the prospect of reaching the highest collision energies. Despite the promising potential of a multi-TeV muon collider, the short lifetime of muons poses a severe technological challenge for the collider design. In particular, the copious production of decay electrons and positrons along the collider ring requires the integration of continuous radiation absorbers inside superconducting magnets. The absorbers are needed to avoid quenches, reduce the heat dissipation in the cold mass and prevent magnet failures due to long-term radiation damage. In this paper, we present FLUKA shower simulations assessing the shielding requirements for high-field magnets of a 10 TeV muon collider. We quantify in particular the role of synchrotron photon emission by decay electrons and positrons, which helps in dispersing the energy carried by the decay products. For comparison, selected results for a 3 TeV muon collider are also presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST001
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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WEPOST003	Implications of the Upgrade II of LHCb on the LHC Insertion Region 8: From Energy Deposition Studies to Mitigation Strategies	luminosity, radiation, detector, experiment	1679
	A. Ciccotelli The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom R.B. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom F. Butin, F. Cerutti, A. Ciccotelli, L.S. Esposito, B. Humann, M. Wehrle CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland B. Humann TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
	Starting from LHC Run3, a first upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade I) will enable oeration with a significantly increased instantaneous luminosity in the LHC Insertion Region 8 (IR8), up to 2·10³³/(cm² s). Moreover, the proposed second upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade II) aims at increasing it by an extra factor 7.5 and collecting an integrated luminosity of 400/fb by the end of Run6. Such an ambitious goal poses challenges not only for the detector but also for the accelerator components. Monte Carlo simulations represent a valuable tool to predict the implications of the radiation impact on the machine, especially for future operational scenarios. A detailed IR8 model implemented by means of the FLUKA code is presented in this study. With such a model, we calculated the power density and dose distributions in the superconducting coils of the LHC final focusing quadrupoles (Q1-Q3) and separation dipole (D1) and we highlight a few critical issues calling for mitigation measures. Our study addresses also the recombination dipole (D2) and the suitability of the present TANb absorber, as well as the proton losses in the Dispersion Suppressor (DS) and their implications.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST003
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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WEPOST031	RHIC Polarized Proton Operation in Run 22	operation, polarization, proton, luminosity	1765
	V. Schoefer, E.C. Aschenauer, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, C. Liu, Y. Luo, I. Marneris, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, J. Sandberg, W.B. Schmidke, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Run 22 physics program consisted of collisions with vertically po- larized proton beams at a single collision point (the STAR detector). During initial startup of the collider, power out- ages damaged two of the coils in one of the RHIC helical dipole snake magnets used for polarization preservation in the Blue ring. That snake was reconfigured for use as a partial snake. We will outline some of the remediating mea- sures taken to maximize polarization transmission in this configuration. These measures included changing the col- liding beam energy from 255 GeV to 254.2 GeV to adjust the spin closed orbit at store and adjustment of the field in the other helical dipole in the Blue ring to improve injection spin matching. Later in the run, the primary motor gener- ator for the AGS (the injector to RHIC) failed and a lower voltage backup had to be used, resulting in a period of lower polarization. Other efforts include detailed measurement of the stable spin direction at store and the commissioning of a machine protection relay system to prevent spurious firing of the RHIC abort kickers.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST031
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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WEPOPT006	Investigation of Spin-Decoherence in the NICA Storage Ring for the Future EDM-Measurement Experiment	polarization, experiment, storage-ring, GUI	1835
	A.E. Aksentyev, A.A. Melnikov, Y. Senichev RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia A.E. Aksentyev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia V. Ladygin, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Funding: We acknowledge support by the joint Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft (DFG) and Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 22-42-04419 A new experiment to measure electric dipole moments (EDMs) of elementary particles, based on the Frequency Domain method, has been proposed for implementation at the NICA facility (JINR, Russia). EDM experiments in general, being measurement-of-polarization experiments, require long spin-coherence times at around 1,000 seconds. The FD method involves a further complication (well paid off in orders of precision) of switching the polarity of the guiding field as part of its CW-CCW injection procedure. This latter procedure necessitates a calibration process, during which the beam polarization axis changes its orientation from the radial (used for the measurement) to the vertical (used for the calibration) direction. If this change occurs adiabatically, the beam particles’ spin-vectors follow the direction of the polarization axis, which undermines the calibration technique; however, concerns were raised as to whether violation of adiabaticity could damage spin-coherence.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT006
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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WEPOPT014	The Effect of a Partially Depleted Halo on the Criticality and Detectability of Fast Failures in the HL-LHC	beam-losses, simulation, luminosity, collider	1866
	C. Hernalsteens, C. Lannoy, O.K. Tuormaa, M. Villén Basco, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, the bunch intensity will be increased to νm{2.2e11} protons, which is almost twice the nominal LHC intensity. The stored energy in each of the two beams will increase to §I{674}{MJ}. The HL-LHC will feature beams whose transverse halos are partially depleted by means of a hollow electron lens. The reduced stored energy in the beam tails will significantly change the development of losses caused by failures. This paper reports on beam tracking simulations evaluating the effect of a partially depleted halo on the criticality and detection of failures originating from the superconducting magnet protection systems. In addition, the effect of the transverse damper operating as a coherent excitation system leading to orbit excursions on a beam with a partially depleted halo is discussed. The results in terms of time-dependent beam losses are presented. The margins between the failure onset, its detection, and the time to reach critical loss levels, are discussed. The results are extrapolated to failure cases of different origins that induce similar beam loss dynamics.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT014
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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WEPOPT016	Beam-Based Reconstruction of the Shielded Quench-Heater Fields for the LHC Main Dipoles	shielding, operation, optics, injection	1874
	L.C. Richtmann, L. Bortot, E. Ravaioli, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Small orbit oscillations of the circulating particle beams have been observed immediately following quenches in the LHC’s superconducting main dipole magnets. Magnetic fields generated during the discharge into the quench heaters were identified as the cause. Since the resulting, shielded field inside the beam screen cannot be measured in-situ, the time evolution of the field has to be reconstructed from the measured beam excursions. In this paper, the field-reconstruction method using rotation in normalized phase space and the optimized fitting algorithm are described. The resulting rise times and magnetic field levels are presented for quench events that occurred during regular operation as well as for dedicated beam experiments. Finally, different approaches to model the shielding behavior of the beam screen are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT016
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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WEPOPT042	Designing the EIC Electron Storage Ring Lattice for a Wide Energy Range	solenoid, electron, lattice, quadrupole	1946
	D. Marx, J.S. Berg, J.S. Berg, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, Y. Li, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V. Ptitsyn, S. Tepikian, F.J. Willeke, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Cai, Y.M. Nosochkov SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA B.R. Gamage, V.S. Morozov, V.S. Morozov JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA G.H. Hoffstaetter, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan, D. Sagan, J.E. Unger Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA V.S. Morozov ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA M.G. Signorelli Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704, by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, and by SLAC under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will collide electrons with hadrons at center-of-mass energies up to 140 GeV (in the case of electron-proton collisions). A 3.8-kilometer electron storage ring is being designed, which will store electrons with a range of energies up to 18 GeV for collisions at one or two interaction points. At energies up to 10 GeV the arcs will be tuned to provide 60 degree phase advance per cell in both planes, whereas at top energy of 18 GeV a 90 degree phase advance per cell will be used, which largely compensates for the horizontal emittance increase with energy. The optics must be matched at three separate energies, and the different phase-advance requirements in both the arc cells and the straight sections make this challenging. Moreover, the spin rotators must fulfill requirements for polarization and spin matching at widely different energies while satisfying technical constraints. In this paper these challenges and proposed solutions are presented and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT042
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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WEPOPT059	Corrections of Systematic Normal Decapole Field Errors in the HL-LHC Separation/Recombination Dipoles	target, resonance, dynamic-aperture, simulation	1991
	J. Dilly, M. Giovannozzi, R. Tomás García, F.F. Van der Veken CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: This work has been supported by the HiLumi Project and been sponsored by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search. Magnetic measurements revealed that the normal decapole (b5) errors of the recombination dipoles (D2) could have a systematic component of up to 11 units. Based on previous studies, it was predicted that the current corrections would not be able to compensate this, thereby leading to a degradation of the dynamic aperture by about 0.5 - 1 ’. On the other hand, the separation dipole D1 is expected to have a systematic b5 component of 6-7 units and its contribution to the resonance driving terms will partly compensate the effect of D2, due to the opposite field strength of the main component. Simulations were performed with the HL-LHC V1.4 lattice to test these concerns and to verify the compensation assumption. In addition, various normal decapole resonance driving terms were examined for correction, the results of which are presented in this contribution.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT059
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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WEPOPT061	A Flexible Nonlinear Resonance Driving Term Based Correction Algorithm with Feed-Down	optics, luminosity, resonance, insertion	1999
	J. Dilly, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: This work has been supported by the HiLumi Project and been sponsored by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search. The optics in the insertion regions of the LHC and its upgrade project the High Luminosity LHC are very sensitive to local magnetic errors, due to the extremely high beta-functions. In collision optics, the non-zero closed orbit in the same region leads to a "feed-down" of high-order errors to lower orders, causing additional effects detrimental to beam lifetime. An extension to the well-established method for correcting these errors by locally suppressing resonance driving terms has been undertaken, not only taking this feed-down into account, but also adding the possibility of utilizing it such that the powering of higher-order correctors will compensate for lower order errors. Existing correction schemes have also operated on the assumption of (anti-)symmetric beta-functions of the optics in the two rings. This assumption can fail for a multitude of reasons, such as inherently asymmetric optics and unevenly distributed errors. In this respect, an extension of this correction scheme has been developed, removing the need for symmetry by operating on the two separate optics of the beams simultaneously.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT061
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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WEPOTK014	Hadron Storage Ring 4 O’clock Injection Design and Optics for the Electron-Ion Collider	injection, optics, electron, septum	2068
	H. Lovelace III, J.S. Berg, D. Bruno, C. Cullen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, D. Holmes, R.F. Lambiase, C. Liu, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, D. Weiss BNL, Upton, New York, USA B. Bhandari, F. Micolon, N. Tsoupas, S. Verdú-Andrés Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA B.R. Gamage, T. Satogata, W. Wittmer JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will accelerate protons and heavy ions up to a proton energy of 275 GeV and an Au⁺⁷⁹ 110 GeV/u to collide with electrons of energies up to 18 GeV. To accomplish the acceleration process, the hadrons are pre-accelerated in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), extracted, and transferred to HSR for injection. The planned area for injection is the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 4 o’clock straight section. To inject hadrons, a series of modifications must be made to the existing RHIC 4 o’clock straight section to accommodate for the 20 new ~18 ns injection kickers and a new injection septum, while providing sufficient space and proper beam conditions for polarimetry equipment. These modifications will be discussed in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK014
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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WEPOTK015	The Electron-Ion Collider Hadron Storage Ring 10 O’clock Switchyard Design	hadron, quadrupole, electron, cavity	2071
	H. Lovelace III, J.S. Berg, D. Bruno, C. Cullen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, D. Holmes, R.F. Lambiase, C. Liu, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, D. Weiss BNL, Upton, New York, USA B. Bhandari, F. Micolon, S. Verdú-Andrés Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA T. Satogata, W. Wittmer JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) will be composed of the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) yellow ring sextants with the exception of the 1 o’clock and the 11 o’clock arc. These two arcs use the existing blue ring inner (1 o’clock) and outer (11 o’clock) magnetic lattice for 275 GeV proton operation. The inner yellow 11 o’clock arc is used for 41 GeV energy operation. A switching magnet must be used to guide the hadron beam from the low and high energy arc respectively into the shared arc. This report provides the necessary lattice configuration, magnetic fields, and optics for the 10 o’clock utility straight section (USS) switchyard for both high and low energy configuration while providing the necessary space allocations and beam specifications for accelerator systems such as an additional radiofrequency cavity and beam dump.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK015
About •	Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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WEPOTK033	Layouts for Feasibility Studies of Fixed-Target Experiments at the LHC	target, experiment, proton, collimation	2134
	P.D. Hermes, K.A. Dewhurst, A.S. Fomin, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study investigates means of exploiting the potential of the CERN accelerator complex to complement the laboratory’s scientific programme at the main Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. The LHC fixed-target (FT) working group studies new experiments at beam energies up to 7 TeV. One of the proposed experiments is based on a bent crystal, part of the collimation hierarchy, to extract secondary halo particles and steer them onto a target. A second bent crystal immediately downstream of the target is used to study electric and magnetic dipole moments of short-lived baryons. The possibility to install a test stand in the LHC off-momentum collimation Insertion Region (IR3) to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of this challenging scheme is currently under investigation. The integration of a spectrometer magnet into the present layout is particularly critical. In this contribution, we study a possible test setup that could be used in LHC Run 3.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK033
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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WEPOTK035	Layout of the 12 O’clock Collimation Straight Section for the EIC Hadron Storage Ring	hadron, operation, electron, storage-ring	2142
	G. Robert-Demolaize, J.S. Berg, K.A. Drees, D. Holmes, H. Lovelace III, S. Peggs, M. Valette BNL, Upton, New York, USA B. Bhandari Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-SC0012704. The design of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) calls for using parts of both of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Blue and Yellow beamlines. With the HSR having to circulate low (41 GeV) and high (100+ GeV) energy hadron beams while matching the time of flight in the Electron Storage Ring (ESR), it becomes necessary for the ring lattice to switch from an outer arc to an inner arc in order to accommodate for the change in circumference. To do so, a switchyard is planned for installation in the HSR straight section at 12 o’clock with the other switchyard being placed in the straight section immediately downstream, 10 o’clock. The 12 o’clock straight section is simultaneously dedicated to the EIC 2-stage collimation system. The following reviews the layout constraints in the12 o’clock straight section that come with installing such a switchyard, along with the implications on the linear optics for that straight section at all HSR rigidities. The space allocation, twiss parameters and the mechanical requirements of the HSR betatron collimators that will be installed in this section are also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK035
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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WEPOTK040	Spin-Tracking Simulations in a COSY Model Using Bmad	simulation, resonance, polarization, experiment	2158
	M. Vitz FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The matter-antimatter asymmetry might be understood by investigating the EDM (Electric Dipole Moment) of elementary charged particles. A permanent EDM of a subatomic particle violates time reversal and parity symmetry at the same time and would be, with the currently achievable experimental accuracy, an indication for further CP violation than established in the Standard Model. The JEDI-Collaboration (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) in Jülich has performed a direct EDM measurement for deuterons with the so called precurser experiments at the storage ring COSY (COoler SYnchrotron). In order to understand the measured data and to disentangle an EDM signal from systematic effects, spin tracking simulations in an accurate simulation model of COSY are needed. Therefore a model of COSY was implemented using the software library Bmad. Systematic effects were considered by including element misalignments, effective dipole shortening and steerer kicks. These effects rotate the invariant spin axis additional to the EDM and have to be analyzed and understood. The most recent spin tracking results as well as the methods to find the invariant spin axis will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK040
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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WEPOTK053	Simulation of Bunch Formation for the Mu2e Experiment	proton, impedance, simulation, experiment	2180
	K.P. Harrig, E. Prebys UCD, Davis, California, USA V.P. Nagaslaev, S.J. Werkema Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Grant DE-SC0019254, The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 The Fermilab Recycler is an 8 GeV storage ring composed of permanent magnets that was crucial to the success of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider program. It is currently being used to slip-stack protons for the high energy neutrino program and to re-bunch protons for use in the Muon g-2 and Mu2e experiments. For the latter applications, the Recycler re-bunches each 1.6 µs "batch" from the Fermilab Booster into four 2.5 MHz bunches. For the Mu2e experiment, it is crucial that beam more than 125 ns from the nominal bunch center be suppressed by at least a factor of 1E-5. While bunch formation is currently in operation for the g-2 experiment, this out of time requirement has not been met, and the reason is not understood. This work presents a simulation of bunch formation in the Recycler, in an effort to understand the reason for this excessive out of time beam and to search for a way to reduce it.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK053
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
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WEPOMS030	A Path-Length Stability Experiment for Optical Stochastic Cooling at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring	lattice, experiment, radiation, storage-ring	2311
	S.J. Levenson, M.B. Andorf, I.V. Bazarov, V. Khachatryan, J.M. Maxson, D.L. Rubin, S. Wang Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams and NYSTAR award C150153. To achieve sufficient particle delay with respect to the optical path in order to enable high gain amplification, the design of the Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) places the pickup (PU) and kicker (KU) undulators approximately 80 m apart. The arrival times at the KU of particles and the light they produce in the PU must be synchronized to an accuracy of less than an optical wavelength, which for this experiment is 780 nm. To test this synchronization, a planned demonstration of the stability of the bypass in CESR is presented where, in lieu of undulators, an interference pattern formed with radiation from two dipoles flanking the bypass is used. In addition to demonstrating stability, the fringe visibility of the pattern is related to the cooling ranges, a critical parameter needed for OSC. We present progress on this stabilization experiment including the design of a second-order isochronous bypass, as well as optimizations of the Dynamic Aperture (DA) and injection efficiency.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS030
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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WEPOMS045	Modeling and Mitigation of Long-Range Wakefields for Advanced Linear Colliders	linac, wakefield, HOM, collider	2350
	F. Bosco, M. Carillo, L. Giuliano, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy O. Camacho, A. Fukasawa, N. Majernik, J.B. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, USA E. Chiadroni, B. Spataro, C. Vaccarezza LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy L. Faillace, A. Giribono INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
	Funding: This work is supported by DARPA under Contract N.HR001120C0072, by DOE Contract DE-SC0009914 and DE-SC0020409, by the National Science Foundation Grant N.PHY-1549132 and by INFN. The luminosity requirements of TeV-class linear colliders demand use of intense charged beams at high repetition rates. Such features imply multi-bunch operation with long current trains accelerated over the km length scale. Consequently, particle beams are exposed to the mutual parasitic interaction due to the long-range wakefields excited by the leading bunches in the accelerating structures. Such perturbations to the motion induce transverse oscillations of the bunches, potentially leading to instabilities such as transverse beam break-up. Here we present a dedicated tracking code that studies the effects of long-range transverse wakefield interaction among different bunches in linear accelerators. Being described by means of an efficient matrix formalism, such effects can be included while preserving short computational times. As a reference case, we use our code to investigate the performance of a state-of-the-art linear collider currently under design and, in addition, we discuss possible mitigation techniques based on frequency detuning and damping.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS045
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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THPOST005	Tracking Dynamic Aperture in the iRCMS Hadrontherapy Synchrotron	synchrotron, dynamic-aperture, acceleration, focusing	2442
	F. Méot, P.N. Joshi, N. Tsoupas BNL, Upton, New York, USA J.P. Lidestri, M.R. Subramanian Best Medical International, Springfield, USA
	Funding: Work supported by a TSA between Best Medical International and Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Dynamic aperture (DA) studies which are part of the ion Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron (iRCMS) lattice design have been undertaken. They are aimed at supporting on-going plans to launch the production of the six magnetic sectors which comprise the iRCMS racetrack arcs. The main bend magnetic gap is tight, so allowing smaller volume magnets and resulting in a compact ring. The DA happens to be commensurate with the mechanical aperture, thus tracking accuracy is in order. In that aim, DA tracking uses the OPERA field maps of the six 60 degree magnetic sectors of the arcs. Simulation outcomes are summarized here.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST005
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 18 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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THPOST018	The Design of a Second Beamline for the CLEAR User Facility at CERN	experiment, quadrupole, focusing, electron	2479
	L.A. Dyks, R. Corsini, P. Korysko CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland P. Burrows JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom P. Burrows, P. Korysko Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) has been operating as a general user facility since 2017 providing beams for a wide range of user experiments. However, with its current optical layout, the beams available to users are not able to cover every request. To overcome this, a second experimental beamline has been proposed. In this paper we discuss the potential optics of the new line as well as detailing the hardware required for its construction. Branching from the current beamline, via a dogleg chicane that could be used for bunch compression, the new beamline would provide an additional in-air test stand to be available to users. The beamline before the test stand would utilise large aperture quadrupoles to allow the irradiation of large target areas or strong focussing of beams onto a target. In addition to this there would also be further in-vacuum space to install experiments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST018
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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THPOST023	Current Status of the FFA@CEBAF Energy Upgrade Study	linac, experiment, permanent-magnet, extraction	2494
	R.M. Bodenstein, J.F. Benesch, S.A. Bogacz, A. Coxe, K.E. Deitrick, B.R. Gamage, G.A. Krafft, K.E.Price. Price, Y. Roblin, A. Seryi JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, D. Trbojevic BNL, Upton, New York, USA D. Douglas Douglas Consulting, York, Virginia, USA G.H. Hoffstaetter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA V.S. Morozov ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. This work will describe the current status of the FFA@CEBAF energy upgrade feasibility studies. Technical updates are given, but more specific details are left to separate contributions. Specifically, this work will discuss improvements to the FFA arcs, a new recirculating injector proposal, and numerous modifications to the current 12 GeV CEBAF which will be required, such as the spreaders and recombiners architecture, splitters (time-of-flight chicanes), the extraction system, and the hall lines.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST023
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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THPOPT004	Design of a Compact 180-Degree Single-Shot Energy Spectrometer Based on a Halbach Dipole Magnet	electron, vacuum, simulation, detector	2564
	R. Bazrafshan, T. Rohwer Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany M. Fakhari, N.H. Matlis CFEL, Hamburg, Germany F.X. Kaernter DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	In the AXSIS project at DESY, we develop compact THz accelerating structures for a table-top x-ray source. Acceleration is achieved by passing the electron beam through a dielectric-loaded waveguide powered by multi-cycle THz radiation. The final electron energy strongly depends on THz-power injected into the LINAC and timing. Thus in first experiments we expect large energy fluctuations and a large range of energies to cover. We designed an electron energy spectrometer for a wide range of final energies covering 5 to 20 MeV in a single-shot. Here, we present the design of an energy spectrometer which uses a compact dipole magnet based on the Halbach array concept to deflect the electron beam through a 180° path intercepted by a Fiber Optic Scintillator (FOS) mounted inside the vacuum perpendicular to the beam. The 180-degree bending geometry provides the possibility of having the focus point of all energies at the same distance from the magnet edge which makes the design simpler and more compact. It also removes the necessity of installing a safety dipole at the end of the accelerator. A slit system at the spectrometer entrance increases resolution to better than 0.2%.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT004
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOPT007	High Bunch Charges in the Second Injection Beamline of MESA	electron, simulation, operation, acceleration	2574
	A.A. Kalamaiko, K. Aulenbacher, M.A. Dehn, S. Friederich, C.P. Stoll KPH, Mainz, Germany
	MESA (Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator) is an accelerator with two laser-driven electron sources (polarized and unpolarized) operating at 100 kV which is under construction at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. The unpolarized electron source MIST (MESA Injector Source Two) allows to produce high charged electron bunches with charge up to 7.7 pC. This source and a Mott polarimeter will be arranged on the same height above the MESA injector main beamline. A parallel shifting beamline was developed which allows to transport high charged beam from the source MIST to the main MESA beamline. Moreover, the designed beamline allows to transport beam from the electron source STEAM to the Mott polarimeter. This report is dedicated to the design of the separation beamline which transports and compresses highly charged electron bunches from the electron source MIST to the first acceleration section of MESA.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT007
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOPT013	Emittance Reduction with the Variable Dipole for the ELETTRA 2.0 Ring	emittance, lattice, optics, damping	2586
	A. Poyet, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland M.A. Domínguez, F. Toral CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain R. Geometrante, E. Karantzoulis Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy R. Geometrante KYMA, Trieste, Italy
	ELETTRA is a 2/2.4 GeV third-generation electron storage ring, located near Trieste, Italy. In view of a substantial increase of the machine performance in terms of brilliance, the so-called ELETTRA 2.0 upgrade is currently on-going. This upgrade is based on a 6-bends achromat, four dipoles of which having a longitudinally variable field. So far, those dipoles are foreseen to provide a field with a two step profile. The VAriable Dipole for the ELETTRA Ring (VADER) task, driven by the I.FAST European project, aims at developing a new dipole design based on a trapezoidal shape of the bending radius, which would allow for a further reduction of the horizontal emittance. A prototype of this magnet should be designed by the CIEMAT laboratory and built by KYMA company. This paper discusses the new dipole field specification and describes the corresponding optics optimization that was performed in order to reduce at best the emittance of the ELETTRA ring.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT013
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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THPOPT035	A Second Generation Light Source Aiming at High Power on the Giant Dipole Resonance	insertion, cavity, photon, resonance	2661
	X. Buffat, L.L. Cuanillon, E.N. Kneubuehler CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	We propose an accelerator concept which could enable nuclear waste transmutation and energy amplification using a second generation light source rather than a high power proton beam. The main parameters of the ring and insertion devices are estimated, targeting a photon beam power of 1 GW with a spectrum that maximizes the potential for nuclear reactions via the Giant Dipole Resonance. The synergies with technologies developed for high energy physics, in particular within the Future Circular Collider study (FCC), are highlighted.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT035
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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THPOPT047	A Double Dipole Kicker for Off and On-Axis Injection for ALBA-II	kicker, injection, vacuum, storage-ring	2701
	G. Benedetti, M. Carlà, M. Pont ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	Injection into the ALBA-II storage ring will be performed off-axis in a 4 meters straight section with a single multipole kicker. We present a novel topology for the coils of the injection kicker, named double dipole kicker (DDK). The resulting magnetic field is the superposition of two opposite dipoles, generated by four inner and four outer conductor rods. When the eight rods are powered, the dipole term cancels and the remaining multipole field is used for off-axis injection. Alternatively, when the four inner rods are switched off, an almost pure dipole is produced, that is useful for on-axis injection during the commissioning. A prototype of DDK is presently under design to be installed and tested in the existing ALBA storage ring. The positioning of the rods is calculated in order to maximise the kick efficiency in mrad/kA and minimise the disturbance to the orbit and the emittance of the stored beam. A metallic coating with optimised thickness along the inner ceramic vacuum chamber should provide compensation for the eddy currents induced field in order to minimize the disturbance to the stored beam while ensuring sufficiently low heat dissipation by the beam image currents.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT047
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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THPOPT059	Development of a Transfer Line for LPA-Generated Electron Bunches to a Compact Storage Ring	storage-ring, injection, quadrupole, plasma	2730
	B. Härer, E. Bründermann, D. El Khechen, A.-S. Müller, A.I. Papash, S.C. Richter, R. Ruprecht, J. Schäfer, M. Schuh, C. Widmann KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany L. Jeppe Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany A.R. Maier, J. Osterhoff, E. Panofski DESY, Hamburg, Germany P. Messner University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
	The injection of LPA-generated beams into a storage ring is considered to be one of the most prominent applications of laser plasma accelerators (LPAs). In a combined endeavour between Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) the key challenges will be addressed with the aim to successfully demonstrate injection of LPA-generated beams into a compact storage ring with large energy acceptance and dynamic aperture. Such a storage ring and the corresponding transfer line are currently being designed within the cSTART project at KIT and will be ideally suited to accept bunches from a 50 MeV LPA prototype developed at DESY. This contribution presents the foreseen layout of the transfer line from the LPA to the injection point of the storage ring and discusses the status of beams optics calculations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT059
About •	Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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THPOTK001	Variable Permanent Hybrid Magnets for the Bessy III Storage Ring	lattice, quadrupole, HOM, storage-ring	2763
	J. Völker, V. Dürr, P. Goslawski, A. Jankowiak, M. Titze HZB, Berlin, Germany
	The Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is working on the conceptual design of a successor source to BESSY II, an new BESSY III facility, designed for a beam energy of 2.5GeV and based on a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice for a low emittances of 100pm-rad. Bending and focusing magnets in the MBA cells should consist of permanent magnets (PM), to allow for a competitive and compact lattice, to increase the magnetic stability and to decrease the electric power consumption of the machine. However, using pure permanent magnet systems would result in a completely fixed lattice. Therefore, we are developing Variable Permanent Hybrid Magnets (VPHM), combining PM materials like NdFeB with a surrounding soft iron yoke and additional electric coils. This design can achieve the same field strength and field quality as conservative magnets, with only a small fraction of the electric power consumption, and a ca. 10% variability in the field amplitudes. In this paper, design and first optimization results of the magnets will be presented, which are a promising option for the new BESSY III facility, and an estimated reduction in total power consumption for the magnet lattice of up to 80%.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK001
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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THPOTK002	Magnet Design for the PETRA IV Storage Ring	quadrupole, storage-ring, octupole, sextupole	2767
	R. Bartolini, I.V. Agapov, A. Aloev, H.-J. Eckoldt, D. Einfeld, B. Krause, A. Petrov, M. Thede, M. Tischer DESY, Hamburg, Germany J. Chavanne ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The proposed PETRA IV electron storage ring that will replace DESY’s flagship synchrotron light source PETRA III will feature a horizontal emittance as low as 20 pmrad. It is based on a hybrid six-bend achromat lattice. In addition to the storage ring PETRA IV, the Booster Synchrotron and the corresponding transfer line will be renewed. Overall about 4000 magnets will be manufactured. The lattice design require high-gradient quadrupoles, which are unfeasible with conventional steel, used traditionally for normal-conducting magnets. The required gradient is safely reached with the poles, made of Permendur. The bending magnets for the storage ring will be based on permanent magnets. This contribution presents the electromagnetic design of the magnets for the storage ring and booster synchrotron.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK002
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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THPOTK007	Magnet Systems for Korea 4GSR Light Source	quadrupole, emittance, multipole, sextupole	2781
	D.E. Kim, T. Ha, G. Hahn, Y.G. Jung, H.-G. Lee, J. Lee, S. Shin, H.S. Suh PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Work supported by NRF of the Republic of Korea. A 4th generation storage ring based light source is being developed in Korea since 2021. It features < 100 pm rad emittance, about 800 m circumference, 4 GeV e-beam energy, full energy booster injection, and more than 40 beamlines which includes more than 24 insertion device (ID) beamlines. This machine requires about ~1000 magnets including dipole, longitudinal gradient dipole, transverse gradient dipole, sextupoles, and correctors. The apertures are small and the lattice space requirements are very tight. In this report, a preliminary design of the each magnet is presented with detailed plan for the future.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK007
About •	Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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THPOTK009	Design of a Permanent Magnet Based Dipole Quadrupole Magnet	permanent-magnet, quadrupole, operation, multipole	2784
	A.G. Hinton STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M. Kokole, T. Milharčič KYMA, Trieste, Italy A. Shahveh DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom B.J.A. Shepherd STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom B.J.A. Shepherd Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Permanent magnet technology can facilitate the design of accelerator magnets with much lower power consumption than traditional resistive electromagnets. By reducing the power requirements of magnets, more sustainable accelerators can be designed and built. At STFC, as part of the I.FAST collaboration, we are working to develop sustainable technologies for future accelerators. As part of this work, we have designed a permanent magnet based dipole-quadrupole magnet with parameters suited to meet the requirements of the proposed Diamond-II upgrade. We present here the magnetic design of the dipole-quadrupole magnet. The design, based on a single sided dipole-quadrupole, uses permanent magnets to generate the field in the magnet bore. The design includes the shaping of the pole tips to reduce multipole errors as well as methods of providing thermal stabilisation using thermal shunts and field tuning using resistive coils. The mechanical design of the magnet is being undertaken by colleagues at Kyma and a prototype of the magnet will soon be built and tested.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK009
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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THPOTK013	Cold Test Results of the FAIR Super-FRS First-of-Series Multiplets and Dipole	quadrupole, sextupole, cryogenics, octupole	2796
	A. Chiuchiolo, A. Beaumont, E.J. Cho, F. Greiner, P. Kosek, M. Michels, H. Müller, C. Roux, H. Simon, K. Sugita, V. Velonas, F. Wamers, M. Winkler, Y. Xiang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany H. Allain, V. Kleymenov, A. Madur CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Within the collaboration between GSI and CERN, a dedicated cryogenic test facility has been built at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) in order to perform the site acceptance tests of the 56 Superconducting FRagment Separator cryomodules before their installation at the the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (Darmstadt, Germany). Two of the three benches of the CERN test facility were successfully commissioned with the powering tests of the first-of-series multiplets and dipole. The long multiplet, with a warm bore radius of 192 mm, is composed of nine magnets of different type (quadrupole, sextupole, steering dipole and octupole) assembled with Nb-Ti racetrack and cosine-theta coils, mounted in a cold iron yoke and in a common cryostat. This work presents the first results of the cold powering tests at 4.5 K during which dedicated measurements have been implemented for the magnetic characterization of the single magnets up to nominal current (300 A for a long quadrupole) and the study of their crosstalk effects. The results of the acceptance tests will be presented together with the challenges and lessons learnt during the facility commissioning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK013
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOTK023	Ferrite Specification for the Mu2e 300 kHz and 4.4 MHz AC Dipole Magnets	proton, experiment, electron, target	2816
	K.P. Harrig, E. Prebys UCD, Davis, California, USA L. Elementi, C.C. Jensen, H. Pfeffer, D.A. Still, I. Terechkine, S.J. Werkema, M. Wong Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, in addition to grant DE-SC0019254. The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will measure the rate for neutrinoless-conversion of negative muons into electrons with never-before-seen precision. This experiment will use a pulsed 8 GeV proton beam with pulses separated by 1.7 µs. To suppress beam induced backgrounds to this process, a set of dipoles operating at 300 kHz and 4.4 MHz have been developed that will reduce the fraction of out-of-time protons at the level of 1E-10 or less. Selection of magnetic ferrite material for construction must be carefully considered given the high repetition rate and duty cycle that can lead to excess heating in conventional magnetic material. A model of the electromagnetic and thermal properties of candidate ferrite materials has been constructed. Magnetic permeability, inductance, and power loss were measured at the two operating frequencies in toroidal ferrite samples as well as in the ferrites from which prototype magnets were built. Additionally, the outgassing rates of the ferrite material was measured to determine vacuum compatibility. The outcome of this work is a detailed specification of the electrical and mechanical details of the ferrite material required for this application.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK023
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOMS001	TURBO: A Novel Beam Delivery System Enabling Rapid Depth Scanning for Charged Particle Therapy	proton, optics, controls, multipole	2929
	J.S.L. Yap, S.L. Sheehy The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia R.B. Appleby, H.X.Q. Norman, A.F. Steinberg UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Charged particle therapy (CPT) is a well-established modality of cancer treatment and is increasing in worldwide presence due to improved accelerator technology and modern techniques. The beam delivery system (BDS) determines the overall timing and beam shaping capabilities, but is restricted by the energy variation speed: energy layer switching time (ELST). Existing treatment beamlines have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, needing time to change the magnetic fields as the beam is delivered in layers at various depths across the tumour volume. Minimising the ELST can enable the delivery of faster, more effective and advanced treatments but requires an improved BDS. A possibility for this could be achieved with a design using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics, enabling a large energy acceptance to rapidly transport beams of varying energies. A scaled-down, novel system - Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation (TURBO) - is being developed at the University of Melbourne, to explore the potential of rapid depth scanning. Initial simulation studies, beam and field measurements, project plans and clinical considerations are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS001
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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THPOMS011	Beam Optics Studies for a Novel Gantry for Hadrontherapy	optics, quadrupole, operation, hadrontherapy	2962
	E. Felcini, G. Frisella, A. Mereghetti, M.G. Pullia, S. Savazzi CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy E. Benedetto SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland M.T.F. Pivi EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	Funding: This study was (partially) supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101008548 (HITRIplus). The design of smaller and less costly gantries for carbon ion particle therapy represents a major challenge to the diffusion of this treatment. Here we present the work done on the linear beam optics of possible gantry layouts, differing for geometry, momentum acceptance, and magnet technology, which share the use of combined function superconducting magnets with a bending field of 4T. We performed parallel-to-point and point-to-point optics matching at different magnification factors to provide two different beam sizes at the isocenter. Moreover, we considered the orbit distortion generated by magnet errors and we introduced beam position monitors and correctors. The study, together with considerations on the criteria for comparison, is the basis for the design of a novel and compact gantry for hadrontherapy.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS011
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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THPOMS012	Explorative Studies of an Innovative Superconducting Gantry	optics, superconducting-magnet, quadrupole, hadrontherapy	2966
	M.G. Pullia, M. Donetti, E. Felcini, G. Frisella, A. Mereghetti, A. Mirandola, A. Pella, S. Savazzi CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy E. Benedetto SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland L. Dassa, M. Karppinen, D. Perini, D. Tommasini, M. Vretenar CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. De Matteis, L. Rossi INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy C. Kurfürst, M.T.F. Pivi, M. Stock EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria S. Mariotto, M. Prioli INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy L. Piacentini, A. Ratkus, T. Torims, J. Vilcans Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia L. Sabbatini, A. Vannozzi LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy S. Uberti Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
	Funding: This study was (partially) supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101008548 (HITRIplus). The Heavy Ion Therapy Research Integration plus (HITRIplus) is a European project that aims to integrate and propel research and technologies related to cancer treatment with heavy ions beams. Among the ambitious goals of the project, a specific work package includes the design of a gantry for carbon ions, based on superconducting magnets. The first milestone to achieve is the choice of the fundamental gantry parameters, namely the beam optics layout, the superconducting magnet technology, and the main user requirements. Starting from a reference 3T design, the collaboration widely explored dozens of possible gantry configurations at 4T, aiming to find the best compromise in terms of footprint, capital cost, and required R&D. We present here a summary of these configurations, underlying the initial correlation between the beam optics, the mechanics, and the main superconducting dipoles design: the bending field (up to 4 T), combined function features (integrated quadrupole), magnet aperture (up to 90 mm), and angular length (30°-45°). The resulting main parameters are then listed, compared, and used to drive the choice of the best gantry layout to be developed in HITRIplus.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS012
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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THPOMS020	Beam Optics Study for a Potential VHEE Beam Delivery System	scattering, electron, optics, quadrupole	2992
	C.S. Robertson, P. Burrows JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom M. Dosanjh, A. Gerbershagen, A. Latina CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	VHEE (Very High Energy Electron) therapy can be superior to conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of deep seated tumours, whilst not necessarily requiring the space and cost of proton or heavy ion facilities. Developments in high gradient RF technology have allowed electrons to be accelerated to VHEE energies in a compact space, meaning that treatment could be possible with a shorter linac. A crucial component of VHEE treatment is the transfer of the beam from accelerator to patient. This is required to magnify the beam to cover the transverse extent of the tumour, whilst ensuring a uniform beam distribution. Two principle methodologies for the design of a compact transfer line are presented. The first of these is based upon a quadrupole lattice and optical magnification of beam size. A minimisation algorithm is used to enforce certain criteria on the beam distribution at the patient, defining the lattice through an automated routine. Separately, a dual scattering-foil based system is also presented, which uses similar algorithms for the optimisation of the foil geometry in order to achieve the desired beam shape at the patient location.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS020
About •	Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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THPOMS049	Energy Comparison of Room Temperature and Superconducting Synchrotrons for Hadron Therapy	synchrotron, operation, proton, extraction	3080
	G. Bisoffi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy E. Benedetto, M. Karppinen, M.R. Khalvati, M. Vretenar, R. van Weelderen CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland M.G. Pullia, G. Venchi CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy L. Rossi INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy M. Sapinski PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland M. Sorbi Universita’ degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy R.U. Valente La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
	The yearly energy requirements of normal conducting (NC) and superconducting (SC) magnet options of a new hadron therapy (HT) facility are compared. Special reference is made to the layouts considered for the proposed SEEIIST facility. Benchmarking with the NC CNAO HT centre in Pavia (Italy) was carried out. The energy comparison is centred on the different synchrotron solutions, assuming the same injector and lines in the designs. The beam current is more than a factor 10 higher with respect to present generation facilities. This allows efficient ’multi-energy extraction’ (MEE), which shortens the therapy treatment and is needed especially in the SC option, because of the slow magnet ramping time. Hence, power values of the facility in the traditional mode were converted into MEE ones, for the sake of a fair stepwise comparison between NC and SC magnets. The use of cryocoolers and a liquefier are also compared, for synchrotron refrigeration. This study shows that a NC facility operated in MEE mode requires the least average energy, followed by the SC synchrotron solution with a liquefier, while the most energy intensive solution is the SC one with cryocoolers.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS049
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOOYSP1

Impact of Longitudinal Gradient Dipoles on Storage Ring Performance

photon, emittance, storage-ring, electron

30

F. Zimmermann, Y. Papaphilippou, A. Poyet
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 101004730 (iFAST).
Innovative new magnets with longitudinally varying dipole field are being produced for installation in a few modern light-source storage rings. We investigate some of the associated beam-dynamics issues, in particular the photon spectrum and quantum fluctuation associated with such magnets, and we study whether the resulting equilibrium emittance may deviate from the value expected in the long-magnet limit.

Slides MOOYSP1 [2.364 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOOYSP1

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOST001

Performance of Automated Synchrotron Lattice Optimisation Using Genetic Algorithm

lattice, network, synchrotron, focusing

38

X. Zhang, S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
S.L. Sheehy
ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia

Funding: Work supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
Rapid advances in superconducting magnets and related accelerator technology opens many unexplored possibilities for future synchrotron designs. We present an efficient method to probe the feasible parameter space of synchrotron lattice configurations. Using this method, we can converge on a suite of optimal solutions with multiple optimisation objectives. It is a general method that can be adapted to other lattice design problems with different constraints or optimisation objectives. In this method, we tackle the lattice design problem using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The problem is encoded by representing the components of each lattice as columns of a matrix. This new method is an improvement over the neural network based approach* in terms of computational resources. We evaluate the performance and limitations of this new method with benchmark results.
*Conference Proceedings IPAC’21, 2021. DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB182

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST001

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOST004

Beam-Based Measurement of Skew-Sextupole Errors in the CERN Proton Synchrotron

sextupole, coupling, resonance, proton

46

S.J. Horney, A. Huschauer, E.H. Maclean
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

During Proton Synchrotron (PS) commissioning in 2021, large beam losses were observed when crossing the 3Qy resonance if the Beam Gas Ionization (BGI) profile monitor was enabled. This indicated the presence of a strong skew-sextupole source in this instrument. Beam-based measurements of the skew sextupole component in the BGI magnet were performed, in order to benchmark the BGI magnetic model and to provide quantitative checks of sextupole corrections determined empirically to minimize the beam-losses. In this contribution, results of the successfully performed measurements are presented, including tune feed-down, chromatic coupling and resonance driving terms.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST004

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 18 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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MOPOST008

Simulations of Protons to Extraction at Gγ=7.5 in the AGS Booster

resonance, proton, booster, polarization

62

K. Hock, H. Huang, F. Méot
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
To prepare for polarized helion collisions at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), polarization transmission at the injectors for the Hadron Storage Ring must be studied and optimized. To this effect, an AC dipole has been installed in the AGS Booster to maximize polarization transmission of helions through several intrinsic resonances. This installation also allows polarized protons to be extracted at higher energy without polarization loss. By increasing the proton extraction energy from $Gγ$ = 4.5 to $Gγ$ = 7.5, protons will cross the $Gγ$ = 0 + ν_y$ and $Gγ = 12 - ν_y$ depolarizing vertical intrinsic resonances, the $Gγ$ = 5, 6, and 7 imperfection resonances in addition to the $Gγ$ = 3, 4 that are crossed in the present configuration, and be injected into the AGS at a higher rigidity. By simulation, it is determined that there is sufficient strength of the AC dipole to fully flip the spin spin through each of the intrinsic resonances, and there is sufficient corrector current to preserve polarization through the three additional imperfection resonances. The higher injection rigidity facilitates the horizontal and vertical tunes being placed inside the AGS spin-tune gap at injection due to a substantial improvement on the AGS admittance at injection.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST008

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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MOPOPT040

Summary of the Post-Long Shutdown 2 LHC Hardware Commissioning Campaign

MMI, operation, target, hardware

335

A. Apollonio, O.O. Andreassen, A. Antoine, T. Argyropoulos, M.C. Bastos, M. Bednarek, B. Bordini, K. Brodzinski, A. Calia, Z. Charifoulline, G.-J. Coelingh, G. D’Angelo, D. Delikaris, R. Denz, L. Fiscarelli, V. Froidbise, M.A. Galilée, J.C. Garnier, R. Gorbonosov, P. Hagen, M. Hostettler, D. Jacquet, S. Le Naour, D. Mirarchi, V. Montabonnet, B.I. Panev, T.H.B. Persson, T. Podzorny, M. Pojer, E. Ravaioli, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, A.P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli, J. Spasic, A. Stanisz, J. Steckert, R. Steerenberg, S. Sudak, H. Thiesen, E. Todesco, G. Trad, J.A. Uythoven, S. Uznanski, A.P. Verweij, J. Wenninger, G.P. Willering, D. Wollmann, S. Yammine
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
V. Vizziello
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy

In this contribution we provide a summary of the LHC hardware commissioning campaign following the second CERN Long Shutdown (LS2), initially targeting the nominal LHC energy of 7 TeV. A summary of the test procedures and tools used for testing the LHC superconducting circuits is given, together with statistics on the successful test execution. The paper then focuses on the experience and observations during the main dipole training campaign, describing the encountered problems, the related analysis and mitigation measures, ultimately leading to the decision to reduce the energy target to 6.8 TeV. The re-commissioning of two powering sectors, following the identified problems, is discussed in detail. The paper concludes with an outlook to the future hardware commissioning campaigns, discussing the lessons learnt and possible strategies moving forward.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT040

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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MOPOPT049

Study on Energy Spectrum Measurement of Electron Beam for Producing MIR-FEL at PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory

electron, FEL, linac, emittance

367

P. Kitisri, S. Rimjaem, K. Techakaew
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
S. Rimjaem
ThEP Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory (PCELL), we aim to produce a mid-infrared free-electron laser (MIR-FEL) for pump-probe experiments in the future. The electron beam is generated from a thermionic cathode radio-frequency (RF) gun with a 1.5-cell cavity before going to an alpha magnet. In this section, some part of the beam is filtered out by using energy slits. The selected part of the beam is then further accelerated by an RF linear accelerator (linac) to get higher energy. This work focuses on the measurement of energy spectrum of electron beam for producing mid-infrared free-electron laser (MIR-FEL). Since our bunch compressor (BC) for the MIR-FEL beamline is an achromat system, the longitudinal distributions of electron beam at the entrance and the exit of the BC are almost the same. Thus, we can measure the longitidinal properties of the beam before it travels to the BC. By using a dipole magnet and a Faraday cup with a slit, we can measure energy spectrum of electron beam before entering the BC. In this study, the ASTRA code is used to investigate the properties of electron beam as well as to design the measuring system. The design results including systematic error of the measuring system are presented and discussed in this contribution. The results from this work can be used as the guideline for the measuring system construction as well as the beam operation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT049

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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MOPOTK009

Basic Design Choices for the BESSY III MBA Lattice

emittance, lattice, sextupole, ECR

449

B.C. Kuske, M. Abo-Bakr, P. Goslawski
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin, and grants of Helmholtz Association.
Lattice development efforts for the 2.5GeV, low emittance successor of BESSY II, are ongoing at HZB for 2 years. The basic choice of a multi-bend achromat lattice is indispensable due to the emittance goal of 100pm, required to generate diffraction limited radiation up to 1keV. Hard boundary conditions for the design are a reasonably short circumference of ~350m due to the accessible construction properties in vicinity to Bessy II and 16 super-periods to not step behind the number of existing experimental stations. Additionally, the Pysikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, the long-term partner of HZB, requests homogeneous dipoles as a calculable and traceable source of radiation for metrology applications. The configuration of the two building blocks of MBA lattices - unit cell and dispersion suppression cell - has been thoroughly studied from basic principles. It was found that gradient free bending dipoles are the better choice for the BESSY III lattice, opposite to the concepts of comparable projects. This work summarizes and explains the findings of our investigations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK009

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Received ※ 21 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022

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MOPOTK024

Quasi-Frozen Spin Concept of Magneto-Optical Structure of NICA Adapted to Study the Electric Dipole Moment of the Deuteron and to Search for the Axion

storage-ring, lattice, proton, insertion

492

Y. Senichev, A.E. Aksentyev, S.D. Kolokolchikov, A.A. Melnikov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
A.E. Aksentyev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
V. Ladygin, E. Syresin
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
N. Nikolaev
Landau ITP, Chernogolovka, Russia

Funding: We acknowledge a support by the joint Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft (DFG) and Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 22-42-04419
The "frozen spin" method is based on the fact that at a certain parameters of the ring, the particle spin rotates with the frequency of the momentum, creating conditions for the continuous growth of the electric dipole moment signal. Since a straightforward implementation of the frozen spin regime at NICA is not possible, we suggest an alternative quasi-frozen spin approach concept. In this new regime, the spin oscillates about particle orbit with the spin phase advance pi*gamma*G/2, locally recovering the longitudinal orientation at the location of the electric-magnetic Wien filters in the straight sections. In the case of deuterons, thanks to the small magnetic anomaly G, the spin continuously oscillates relative to the direction of the momentum with a small amplitude of a few degrees and the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent. In this paper, we study the spin-orbital motion with the aim of using the NICA collider to measure the EDM. We also comment on the potential of NICA as an axion antenna in both the quasi-frozen spin regime and beyond.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK024

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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MOPOTK031

10 TeV Center of Mass Energy Muon Collider

collider, quadrupole, focusing, radiation

515

K. Skoufaris, C. Carli, D. Schulte
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A Muon collider can provide unique opportunities in high-energy physics as an energy frontier machine. However, a number of challenges have to be addressed during the design process primarily due to the short lifetime of muons. In this work, a lattice for a §I10{TeV} center-of-mass energy collider is presented. Some of the more important challenges faced are: the design of an interaction region with β^* values of the order of a few millimeters and an adequate chromatic compensation without sacrificing the physical and dynamic aperture, the flexibility to control the momentum compaction factor and the radiation generated where neutrinos from muons decays reach the surface. These issues are addressed with the development of a new chromatic correction scheme, the extensive use of flexible momentum compaction factor cells and the efficient control of the optical parameters.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK031

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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MOPOTK033

Beamline Design and Optimisation for High Intensity Muon Beams at PSI

target, experiment, proton, solenoid

523

E.V. Valetov
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 884104 (PSI-FELLOW-III-3i).
The High Intensity Muon Beams (HIMB) project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) will provide muon intensities of the order of 1e10 muons/s for particle physics and material science experiments, two orders of magnitude higher than the state of the art, which is currently available also at PSI. In particle transport simulations for the HIMB, we use G4beamline with measured pi+ cross-sections and with variance reduction. We also use the codes COSY INFINITY, TRANSPORT, and TURTLE for some studies. We perform asynchronous Bayesian optimisation of the beamlines on a computing cluster using G4beamline and the optimisation package DeepHyper. We performed numerous studies for the design of the HIMB, and we produced various results, including the muon transmission, beam phase space, polarisation, and momentum spectrum.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK033

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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MOPOTK035

Beam-Based Diagnostics of Electric Guide Fields and Lattice Parameters for Run-1 of the Muon g-2 Storage Ring at Fermilab

storage-ring, detector, lattice, experiment

531

D.A. Tarazona, M. Berz, K. Makino
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
J.D. Crnkovic, M.J. Syphers
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
K.S. Khaw
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
J. Mott
BUphy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
J. Price
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M.J. Syphers
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
D.A. Tarazona
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
V. Tishchenko
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) resources, a US DoE, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
A portion of the Muon g-2 Storage Ring electric system, which provides vertical beam focusing, exhibited an unexpected time dependence that produced a characteristic evolution of the stored beam during Run-1 of the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989). A method to reconstruct the Run-1 electric guide fields has been developed, which is based on a numerical model of the muon storage ring and optimization algorithms supported by COSY INFINITY. This method takes beam profile measurements from the Muon g-2 straw tracking detectors as input, and it produces a full reconstruction of the time-dependent fields. The fields can then be used for the reproduction of detailed beam tracking simulations and the calculation of ring lattice parameters for acceptance studies and systematic error evaluations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK035

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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MOPOTK039

Iron Yoke Effects in Quadrupole Magnets for High Rigidity Isotope Beams

quadrupole, sextupole, superconducting-magnet, simulation

546

D.B. Greene, Y. Choi, J. DeKamp, P.N. Ostroumov, M. Portillo, J.D. Wenstrom, T. Xu
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
S.L. Manikonda
AML, Melbourne, Florida, USA

Iron-dominated superconducting magnets are one of the most popular and most used design choices for superconducting magnetic quadrupoles for accelerator systems. While the iron yoke and pole tips are economic and effective in shaping the field, the large amount of iron also leads to certain drawbacks, namely, unwanted harmonics from the sextupole correctors nested inside of the quadrupole. Additional problems include the nonlinear field profile present in the high-field regime engendered by the presence of steel, and the mechanical and cryogenic design challenges of the entire iron yoke being part of the cold mass. The presented work discusses these effects and challenges by comparing an iron-dominated quadrupole model to an equivalent coil-dominated quadrupole model. The comparison of their respective magnetic harmonics, integrated strength, multipole effects, and mechanical challenges demonstrates that the coil-dominated design is a more favorable choice for select accelerator systems.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK039

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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MOPOMS032

Compact-Two-Octave-Spanning Perpendicular Kicker of MeV Electrons Based on a Cubic Magnet Dipole Array

electron, radiation, laser, kicker

706

T. Rohwer, R. Bazrafshan, F.X. Kärtner, N.H. Matlis
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany
R. Bazrafshan
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
F.X. Kärtner
The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
F.X. Kärtner
CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
P. Vagin
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Funding: This work has been supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) through the Synergy Grant AXSIS (609920).
New compact particle acceleration structures, including but not limited to plasma, THz and direct laser driven accelerators, have in common that they cover a wide energy range of potential final energies and often show a large energy spread. Moreover, they may initially have a rather large emittance. To analyze the energy range of a single shot and/or to deflect the beam to safely dump the electrons away from an end-station requires an electron kicker covering a large energy range. Here, we present a magnetic dipole structure based on a 2D Halbach array. For the current experimental test accelerator in AXSIS, an electron beam in the energy range from 4 to 20 MeV is deflected by 90 degree and energetically dispersed. In direct contrast to a simple magnetic dipole, an array of cubic magnet blocks with tailored magnetization directions allows a focusing of the beam for both longitudinal and transverse directions at 90 degree bend. A generic algorithm optimizes the magnetic field array to the predefined deflection angle and divergence. The modular array structure, in combination with the algorithm enables a simple exchange of magnets to adapt for different beam parameters.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS032

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022

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TUOZGD2

A Compact Synchrotron for Advanced Cancer Therapy with Helium and Proton Beams

synchrotron, proton, extraction, injection

811

M. Vretenar, M.E. Angoletta, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L. Bottura, K. Paļskis, R.L. Taylor, G. Tranquille
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Benedetto
SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Bisoffi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
M. Sapinski
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of helium for radiation therapy of cancer. Helium ions can be more precisely delivered to the tumour than protons or carbon ions, presently the only beams licensed for treatment, with a biological effectiveness between the two. The accelerator required for helium is considerably smaller than a standard carbon ion synchrotron. To exploit the potential of helium therapy and of other emerging particle therapy techniques, in the framework of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS) at CERN the design of a compact synchrotron optimised for acceleration of proton and helium beams has been investigated. The synchrotron is based on a new magnet design, profits from a novel injector linac, and can provide both slow and fast extraction for conventional and FLASH therapy. Production of mini-beams, and operation with multiple ions for imaging and treatment are also considered. This accelerator is intended to become the main element of a facility devoted to a programme of cancer research and treatment with proton and helium beams, to both cure patients and contribute to the assessment of helium beams as a new tool to fight cancer.

Slides TUOZGD2 [1.940 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZGD2

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022

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TUOZSP1

Prospects for Optics Measuements in FCC-ee

optics, damping, collider, radiation

827

J. Keintzel, R. Tomás García, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Within the framework of the Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study, the design of the electron-positron collider FCC-ee is optimised, as a possible future double collider ring, currently foreseen to start operation during the 2040s. With close to 100 km of circumference and strong synchrotron radiation damping at highest beam energy, adequate beam measurements are needed to control the optics at the desired level. Various possible techniques to measure the optics in FCC-ee are explored, including the option of turn-by-turn measurements in combination with an AC-dipole.

Slides TUOZSP1 [2.738 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZSP1

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOPT006

The New FLASH1 Beamline for the FLASH2020+ Project

undulator, FEL, electron, photon

1010

M. Vogt, J. Zemella
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The 2nd stage of the FLASH2020+ project will be an upgrade of the FLASH1 beamline, downstream of the injector/linac section FLAH0 which is currently being upgraded. The currently existing beamline drives the original planar fixed gap SASE undulators from the TTF-2 setup, a THz undulator that uses the spent electron beam and deflects the e-beam into a dump beamline capable of safely dumping several thousand bunches per second. The updated beamline has been designed for EEHG seeding with 2 modulators, 3 chicanes, and a helical Apple-III undulator beamline as seeding radiator, followed by a transverse deflecting (S-band) structure for longitudinal diagnostics. The separation of the electron beam from the FEL beam will be moved upstream w.r.t. the old design to create more space for the photon diagnostics and will be achieved by a 5 deg double-bend-almost-achromat. To allow enable high power THz radiation output from a moderately compressed seeding beam, a post compressor will be installed. The capability of dumping the the long bunch trains safely may and will not be compromised by the design. This article describes the conceptional and some technical and details of the beamline.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT006

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOPT016

Status of the THz@PITZ Project - The Proof-of-Principle Experiment on a THz SASE FEL at the PITZ Facility

undulator, FEL, electron, experiment

1033

T. Weilbach, P. Boonpornprasert, G.Z. Georgiev, G. Koss, M. Krasilnikov, X.-K. Li, A. Lueangaramwong, F. Mueller, A. Oppelt, S. Philipp, F. Stephan
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

Funding: This work was supported by the European XFEL research and development program.
In order to allow THz pump/X-ray probe experiments at full bunch repetition rate for users at the European XFEL, the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESYin Zeuthen (PITZ) is building a prototype of an accelerator-based THz source. The goal is to generate THz SASE FEL radiation with a mJ energy level per bunch using an undulator driven by the electron beam from PITZ. Therefore, the existing PITZ beam line is extended into a tunnel annex downstream of the existing accelerator tunnel. The final design of the beam line extension consists of a bunch compressor, a collimation system and a beam dump in the PITZ tunnel. In the tunnel annex one LCLS-I undulator is installed for the production of the THz radiation with a quadrupole triplet in front of it for matching the beam parameters for the FEL process. Behind the undulator two screen stations couple out the THz radiation, for measurements of bunch compression, pulse energy or spatial distribution. A dipole separates the electron from the THz beam and a quadrupole doublet transports the electron beam to the beam dump. The installation progress will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT016

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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TUPOPT046

Electron Transport for the LCLS-II-HE Low Emittance Injector

diagnostics, emittance, quadrupole, cryomodule

1103

Y.M. Nosochkov, C. Adolphsen, R. Coy, C.E. Mayes, T.O. Raubenheimer, M.D. Woodley
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
The Low Emittance Injector (LEI) is a recent addition to the LCLS-II High Energy (LCLS-II-HE) Project under design at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. It will provide a second beam source capable of producing a low emittance electron beam that increases the XFEL photon energy reach to 20 keV. The LEI will include an SRF electron gun, a buncher system, a 1.3 GHz cryomodule, and a beam transport system with a connection to the LCLS-II beamline and a stand-alone diagnostic line. The LEI transport beamlines and diagnostic are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT046

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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TUPOTK062

Settings for Improved Betatron Collimation in the First Run of the High Luminosity LHC

collimation, luminosity, collider, hadron

1366

B. Lindström, A. Abramov, R. Bruce, R. De Maria, P.D. Hermes, J. Molson, S. Redaelli, F.F. Van der Veken
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: This work was supported by the High Luminosity LHC project
The current betatron collimation system in the LHC is not optimized to absorb off-momentum particles scattered out from the primary collimators. The highest losses are concentrated in the downstream dispersion suppressor (DS). Given the increased beam intensity in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), there is concern that these losses could risk quenching the superconducting DS magnets. Consequently, a dedicated upgrade of the DS has been studied. However, at this stage, the deployment for the startup of the HL-LHC is uncertain due to delays in the availability of high-field magnets needed to integrate new collimators into the DS. In this paper, we describe the expected collimation setup for the first run of the HL-LHC and explore various techniques to improve the collimation cleaning. These include exploiting the asymmetric response of the two jaws of each primary collimator and adjusting the locally generated dispersion in the collimation insertion.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK062

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOMS021

PETRA III Operational Performance and Availability

operation, synchrotron, experiment, synchrotron-radiation

1453

R. Wanzenberg, M. Bieler, J. Keil, L. Liao, G.K. Sahoo, M. Schaumann
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At DESY the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III offers scientists outstanding opportunities for experiments with hard X-rays of exceptionally high brilliance since 2009. The light source is operated mainly in two operation modes with 480 and 40 bunches at a beam energy of 6 GeV. With the completion of the last milestone of the extension project in summer 2021 that brought the new dipole beamline P66 into operation, 2022 is the first year where almost 5000 hours of user run time could be scheduled. This paper will review the statistics of availability and failures over the years and provides a detailed description of the operation in 2021. Additionally, an outlook for the next runs is given.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS021

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUPOMS029

Status of the PETRA IV Machine Project

cavity, alignment, operation, emittance

1475

R. Bartolini, I.V. Agapov, A. Aloev, R. Bacher, R. Böspflug, H.-J. Eckoldt, J. Hauser, M. Hüning, P. Hülsmann, N. Koldrack, B. Krause, L. Lilje, G. Loisch, R. Onken, A. Petrov, S. Pfeiffer, J. Prenting, H. Schlarb, M. Thede, M. Tischer
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

DESY is planning the upgrade of PETRA III to a fourth generation light source, providing high brightness, quasi diffraction limited hard X-ray photons. The project is underpinned by the construction of a new storage ring PETRA IV, based on a 20 pm accelerator lattice using a hybrid 6-bend achromat concept. We review here the status of the machine project, the latest development in the different technical subsystems, the status of the engineering integration and the plans for the implementation of the new ring in the existing PETRA III tunnel.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS029

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Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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TUPOMS046

Fabrication and Low-Power Test of Disk-and-Washer Cavity for Muon Acceleration

cavity, experiment, linac, acceleration

1534

Y. Takeuchi, J. Tojo
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
E. Cicek, H. Ego, K. Futatsukawa, N. Kawamura, T. Mibe, M. Otani, N. Saito, T. Yamazaki, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Iwashita
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
R. Kitamura, T. Morishita
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Y. Kondo
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
Y. Nakazawa
Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Sue, K. Sumi, M. Yotsuzuka
Nagoya University, Graduate School of Science, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
H.Y. Yasuda
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

The muon g-2/EDM experiment is under preparation at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), and the muon linear accelerator for the experiment is being developed. A Disk-and-Washer (DAW) cavity will be used for the medium-velocity part of the accelerator, and muons will be accelerated from v/c=ß=0.3 to 0.7 with the operating frequency of 1.296 GHz. Machining, brazing, and low-power measurements of a prototype cell reflecting the design of the first tank of DAW were performed to identify fabrication problems. Several problems were identified, such as displacement of washers during brazing, and some measures will be taken in the actual tank fabrication. In this paper, the results of the prototype cell fabrication will be reported.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS046

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOMS057

Design Study of HOM Couplers for the C-Band Accelerating Structure

factory, GUI, damping, cavity

1561

D. Kim, E.I. Simakov
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
S. Biedron
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
Z. Li
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: High Energy Physics (HEP) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
A cold copper distributed coupling accelerator, with a high accelerating gradient at cryogenic temperatures (~77 K), is proposed as a baseline structure for the next generation of linear colliders. This novel technology improves accelerator performance and allows more degrees of freedom for optimization of individual cavities. It has been suggested that C-band accelerating structures at 5.712 GHz may allow to maintain high efficiency, achieve high accelerating gradient, and be suitable beam dynamics with wakefield damping and detuning of the cavities. The optimization of the cavity shape was performed and we computed quality factor, shunt impedance, and beam kick factor for each of the proposed cavity geometries using CST microwave studio. Next, we proposed a configuration for higher order mode (HOM) suppression that includes waveguide slots running parallel to the axis of the accelerator. This presentation will report details of the parametric study of performance of the HOM suppression waveguide, and the dependence of HOM Q-factors and kick-factors on the cavity’s and HOM waveguide’s geometries.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS057

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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WEOYGD3

Isochronous Mode of the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI

experiment, sextupole, electron, detector

1620

S.A. Litvinov, R. Hess, B. Lorentz, M. Steck
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The isochronous optics of the ESR is a unique ion-optical setting in which the particles within a finite momentum acceptance circulate at constant frequency. It is used for direct mass measurements of short-lived exotic nuclei by a Time-of-Flight method. Besides the mass spectrometry, the isochronous ESR has been used as an instrument for the search of short lived isomers stored in the ring, which was performed in 2021 for the first time. Introduction to the isochronous mode of the ESR, comparison with a standard operational mode, recent machine experiments will be presented here. Possible improvements of the isochronous optics at the ESR and perspectives of the isochronous mode at CR, FAIR will be outlined.

Slides WEOYGD3 [6.871 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYGD3

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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WEIZSP2

Trapping of Neutral Molecules by the Electromagnetic Beam Field

vacuum, electron, simulation, alignment

1649

G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Neutral uncharged molecules are affected by the electromagnetic field of a charged particle beam if they carry either an electric or a magnetic dipole moment. The residual gas in an accelerator beam pipe consists of such molecules. In this paper we study their dynamics. Under a few approximations, whose validity we explore and justify, we derive the equations of motion of neutral molecules and their invariants, determine the conditions for these neutral molecules to become trapped in the field of the beams as function of beam-pipe temperature, and compute the resulting enhancement of molecule density in the vicinity of the beam. We demonstrate that large agglomerates of molecules, "flakes," are much more likely to be pulled into the beam than single molecules, and suggest that this phenomenon might help explain some beam observations at the Large Hadron Collider.

Slides WEIZSP2 [6.142 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIZSP2

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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WEPOST001

Radiation Load Studies for Superconducting Dipole Magnets in a 10 TeV Muon Collider

collider, radiation, shielding, electron

1671

D. Calzolari, C. Carli, B. Humann, A. Lechner, G. Lerner, F. Salvat Pujol, D. Schulte, K. Skoufaris
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
B. Humann
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

Among the various future lepton colliders under study, muon colliders offer the prospect of reaching the highest collision energies. Despite the promising potential of a multi-TeV muon collider, the short lifetime of muons poses a severe technological challenge for the collider design. In particular, the copious production of decay electrons and positrons along the collider ring requires the integration of continuous radiation absorbers inside superconducting magnets. The absorbers are needed to avoid quenches, reduce the heat dissipation in the cold mass and prevent magnet failures due to long-term radiation damage. In this paper, we present FLUKA shower simulations assessing the shielding requirements for high-field magnets of a 10 TeV muon collider. We quantify in particular the role of synchrotron photon emission by decay electrons and positrons, which helps in dispersing the energy carried by the decay products. For comparison, selected results for a 3 TeV muon collider are also presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST001

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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WEPOST003

Implications of the Upgrade II of LHCb on the LHC Insertion Region 8: From Energy Deposition Studies to Mitigation Strategies

luminosity, radiation, detector, experiment

1679

A. Ciccotelli
The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
F. Butin, F. Cerutti, A. Ciccotelli, L.S. Esposito, B. Humann, M. Wehrle
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
B. Humann
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

Starting from LHC Run3, a first upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade I) will enable oeration with a significantly increased instantaneous luminosity in the LHC Insertion Region 8 (IR8), up to 2·10³³/(cm² s). Moreover, the proposed second upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade II) aims at increasing it by an extra factor 7.5 and collecting an integrated luminosity of 400/fb by the end of Run6. Such an ambitious goal poses challenges not only for the detector but also for the accelerator components. Monte Carlo simulations represent a valuable tool to predict the implications of the radiation impact on the machine, especially for future operational scenarios. A detailed IR8 model implemented by means of the FLUKA code is presented in this study. With such a model, we calculated the power density and dose distributions in the superconducting coils of the LHC final focusing quadrupoles (Q1-Q3) and separation dipole (D1) and we highlight a few critical issues calling for mitigation measures. Our study addresses also the recombination dipole (D2) and the suitability of the present TANb absorber, as well as the proton losses in the Dispersion Suppressor (DS) and their implications.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST003

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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WEPOST031

RHIC Polarized Proton Operation in Run 22

operation, polarization, proton, luminosity

1765

V. Schoefer, E.C. Aschenauer, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, C. Liu, Y. Luo, I. Marneris, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, J. Sandberg, W.B. Schmidke, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Run 22 physics program consisted of collisions with vertically po- larized proton beams at a single collision point (the STAR detector). During initial startup of the collider, power out- ages damaged two of the coils in one of the RHIC helical dipole snake magnets used for polarization preservation in the Blue ring. That snake was reconfigured for use as a partial snake. We will outline some of the remediating mea- sures taken to maximize polarization transmission in this configuration. These measures included changing the col- liding beam energy from 255 GeV to 254.2 GeV to adjust the spin closed orbit at store and adjustment of the field in the other helical dipole in the Blue ring to improve injection spin matching. Later in the run, the primary motor gener- ator for the AGS (the injector to RHIC) failed and a lower voltage backup had to be used, resulting in a period of lower polarization. Other efforts include detailed measurement of the stable spin direction at store and the commissioning of a machine protection relay system to prevent spurious firing of the RHIC abort kickers.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST031

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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WEPOPT006

Investigation of Spin-Decoherence in the NICA Storage Ring for the Future EDM-Measurement Experiment

polarization, experiment, storage-ring, GUI

1835

A.E. Aksentyev, A.A. Melnikov, Y. Senichev
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
A.E. Aksentyev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
V. Ladygin, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Funding: We acknowledge support by the joint Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft (DFG) and Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 22-42-04419
A new experiment to measure electric dipole moments (EDMs) of elementary particles, based on the Frequency Domain method, has been proposed for implementation at the NICA facility (JINR, Russia). EDM experiments in general, being measurement-of-polarization experiments, require long spin-coherence times at around 1,000 seconds. The FD method involves a further complication (well paid off in orders of precision) of switching the polarity of the guiding field as part of its CW-CCW injection procedure. This latter procedure necessitates a calibration process, during which the beam polarization axis changes its orientation from the radial (used for the measurement) to the vertical (used for the calibration) direction. If this change occurs adiabatically, the beam particles’ spin-vectors follow the direction of the polarization axis, which undermines the calibration technique; however, concerns were raised as to whether violation of adiabaticity could damage spin-coherence.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT006

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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WEPOPT014

The Effect of a Partially Depleted Halo on the Criticality and Detectability of Fast Failures in the HL-LHC

beam-losses, simulation, luminosity, collider

1866

C. Hernalsteens, C. Lannoy, O.K. Tuormaa, M. Villén Basco, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, the bunch intensity will be increased to νm{2.2e11} protons, which is almost twice the nominal LHC intensity. The stored energy in each of the two beams will increase to §I{674}{MJ}. The HL-LHC will feature beams whose transverse halos are partially depleted by means of a hollow electron lens. The reduced stored energy in the beam tails will significantly change the development of losses caused by failures. This paper reports on beam tracking simulations evaluating the effect of a partially depleted halo on the criticality and detection of failures originating from the superconducting magnet protection systems. In addition, the effect of the transverse damper operating as a coherent excitation system leading to orbit excursions on a beam with a partially depleted halo is discussed. The results in terms of time-dependent beam losses are presented. The margins between the failure onset, its detection, and the time to reach critical loss levels, are discussed. The results are extrapolated to failure cases of different origins that induce similar beam loss dynamics.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT014

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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WEPOPT016

Beam-Based Reconstruction of the Shielded Quench-Heater Fields for the LHC Main Dipoles

shielding, operation, optics, injection

1874

L.C. Richtmann, L. Bortot, E. Ravaioli, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Small orbit oscillations of the circulating particle beams have been observed immediately following quenches in the LHC’s superconducting main dipole magnets. Magnetic fields generated during the discharge into the quench heaters were identified as the cause. Since the resulting, shielded field inside the beam screen cannot be measured in-situ, the time evolution of the field has to be reconstructed from the measured beam excursions. In this paper, the field-reconstruction method using rotation in normalized phase space and the optimized fitting algorithm are described. The resulting rise times and magnetic field levels are presented for quench events that occurred during regular operation as well as for dedicated beam experiments. Finally, different approaches to model the shielding behavior of the beam screen are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT016

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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WEPOPT042

Designing the EIC Electron Storage Ring Lattice for a Wide Energy Range

solenoid, electron, lattice, quadrupole

1946

D. Marx, J.S. Berg, J.S. Berg, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, Y. Li, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V. Ptitsyn, S. Tepikian, F.J. Willeke, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Cai, Y.M. Nosochkov
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
B.R. Gamage, V.S. Morozov, V.S. Morozov
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
G.H. Hoffstaetter, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan, D. Sagan, J.E. Unger
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
V.S. Morozov
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
M.G. Signorelli
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704, by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, and by SLAC under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will collide electrons with hadrons at center-of-mass energies up to 140 GeV (in the case of electron-proton collisions). A 3.8-kilometer electron storage ring is being designed, which will store electrons with a range of energies up to 18 GeV for collisions at one or two interaction points. At energies up to 10 GeV the arcs will be tuned to provide 60 degree phase advance per cell in both planes, whereas at top energy of 18 GeV a 90 degree phase advance per cell will be used, which largely compensates for the horizontal emittance increase with energy. The optics must be matched at three separate energies, and the different phase-advance requirements in both the arc cells and the straight sections make this challenging. Moreover, the spin rotators must fulfill requirements for polarization and spin matching at widely different energies while satisfying technical constraints. In this paper these challenges and proposed solutions are presented and discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT042

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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WEPOPT059

Corrections of Systematic Normal Decapole Field Errors in the HL-LHC Separation/Recombination Dipoles

target, resonance, dynamic-aperture, simulation

1991

J. Dilly, M. Giovannozzi, R. Tomás García, F.F. Van der Veken
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: This work has been supported by the HiLumi Project and been sponsored by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search.
Magnetic measurements revealed that the normal decapole (b5) errors of the recombination dipoles (D2) could have a systematic component of up to 11 units. Based on previous studies, it was predicted that the current corrections would not be able to compensate this, thereby leading to a degradation of the dynamic aperture by about 0.5 - 1 ’. On the other hand, the separation dipole D1 is expected to have a systematic b5 component of 6-7 units and its contribution to the resonance driving terms will partly compensate the effect of D2, due to the opposite field strength of the main component. Simulations were performed with the HL-LHC V1.4 lattice to test these concerns and to verify the compensation assumption. In addition, various normal decapole resonance driving terms were examined for correction, the results of which are presented in this contribution.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT059

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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WEPOPT061

A Flexible Nonlinear Resonance Driving Term Based Correction Algorithm with Feed-Down

optics, luminosity, resonance, insertion

1999

J. Dilly, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: This work has been supported by the HiLumi Project and been sponsored by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search.
The optics in the insertion regions of the LHC and its upgrade project the High Luminosity LHC are very sensitive to local magnetic errors, due to the extremely high beta-functions. In collision optics, the non-zero closed orbit in the same region leads to a "feed-down" of high-order errors to lower orders, causing additional effects detrimental to beam lifetime. An extension to the well-established method for correcting these errors by locally suppressing resonance driving terms has been undertaken, not only taking this feed-down into account, but also adding the possibility of utilizing it such that the powering of higher-order correctors will compensate for lower order errors. Existing correction schemes have also operated on the assumption of (anti-)symmetric beta-functions of the optics in the two rings. This assumption can fail for a multitude of reasons, such as inherently asymmetric optics and unevenly distributed errors. In this respect, an extension of this correction scheme has been developed, removing the need for symmetry by operating on the two separate optics of the beams simultaneously.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT061

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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WEPOTK014

Hadron Storage Ring 4 O’clock Injection Design and Optics for the Electron-Ion Collider

injection, optics, electron, septum

2068

H. Lovelace III, J.S. Berg, D. Bruno, C. Cullen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, D. Holmes, R.F. Lambiase, C. Liu, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, D. Weiss
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B. Bhandari, F. Micolon, N. Tsoupas, S. Verdú-Andrés
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
B.R. Gamage, T. Satogata, W. Wittmer
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will accelerate protons and heavy ions up to a proton energy of 275 GeV and an Au⁺⁷⁹ 110 GeV/u to collide with electrons of energies up to 18 GeV. To accomplish the acceleration process, the hadrons are pre-accelerated in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), extracted, and transferred to HSR for injection. The planned area for injection is the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 4 o’clock straight section. To inject hadrons, a series of modifications must be made to the existing RHIC 4 o’clock straight section to accommodate for the 20 new ~18 ns injection kickers and a new injection septum, while providing sufficient space and proper beam conditions for polarimetry equipment. These modifications will be discussed in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK014

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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WEPOTK015

The Electron-Ion Collider Hadron Storage Ring 10 O’clock Switchyard Design

hadron, quadrupole, electron, cavity

2071

H. Lovelace III, J.S. Berg, D. Bruno, C. Cullen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, D. Holmes, R.F. Lambiase, C. Liu, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, D. Weiss
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B. Bhandari, F. Micolon, S. Verdú-Andrés
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
T. Satogata, W. Wittmer
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) will be composed of the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) yellow ring sextants with the exception of the 1 o’clock and the 11 o’clock arc. These two arcs use the existing blue ring inner (1 o’clock) and outer (11 o’clock) magnetic lattice for 275 GeV proton operation. The inner yellow 11 o’clock arc is used for 41 GeV energy operation. A switching magnet must be used to guide the hadron beam from the low and high energy arc respectively into the shared arc. This report provides the necessary lattice configuration, magnetic fields, and optics for the 10 o’clock utility straight section (USS) switchyard for both high and low energy configuration while providing the necessary space allocations and beam specifications for accelerator systems such as an additional radiofrequency cavity and beam dump.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK015

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Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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WEPOTK033

Layouts for Feasibility Studies of Fixed-Target Experiments at the LHC

target, experiment, proton, collimation

2134

P.D. Hermes, K.A. Dewhurst, A.S. Fomin, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study investigates means of exploiting the potential of the CERN accelerator complex to complement the laboratory’s scientific programme at the main Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. The LHC fixed-target (FT) working group studies new experiments at beam energies up to 7 TeV. One of the proposed experiments is based on a bent crystal, part of the collimation hierarchy, to extract secondary halo particles and steer them onto a target. A second bent crystal immediately downstream of the target is used to study electric and magnetic dipole moments of short-lived baryons. The possibility to install a test stand in the LHC off-momentum collimation Insertion Region (IR3) to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of this challenging scheme is currently under investigation. The integration of a spectrometer magnet into the present layout is particularly critical. In this contribution, we study a possible test setup that could be used in LHC Run 3.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK033

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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WEPOTK035

Layout of the 12 O’clock Collimation Straight Section for the EIC Hadron Storage Ring

hadron, operation, electron, storage-ring

2142

G. Robert-Demolaize, J.S. Berg, K.A. Drees, D. Holmes, H. Lovelace III, S. Peggs, M. Valette
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B. Bhandari
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-SC0012704.
The design of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) calls for using parts of both of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Blue and Yellow beamlines. With the HSR having to circulate low (41 GeV) and high (100+ GeV) energy hadron beams while matching the time of flight in the Electron Storage Ring (ESR), it becomes necessary for the ring lattice to switch from an outer arc to an inner arc in order to accommodate for the change in circumference. To do so, a switchyard is planned for installation in the HSR straight section at 12 o’clock with the other switchyard being placed in the straight section immediately downstream, 10 o’clock. The 12 o’clock straight section is simultaneously dedicated to the EIC 2-stage collimation system. The following reviews the layout constraints in the12 o’clock straight section that come with installing such a switchyard, along with the implications on the linear optics for that straight section at all HSR rigidities. The space allocation, twiss parameters and the mechanical requirements of the HSR betatron collimators that will be installed in this section are also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK035

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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WEPOTK040

Spin-Tracking Simulations in a COSY Model Using Bmad

simulation, resonance, polarization, experiment

2158

M. Vitz
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The matter-antimatter asymmetry might be understood by investigating the EDM (Electric Dipole Moment) of elementary charged particles. A permanent EDM of a subatomic particle violates time reversal and parity symmetry at the same time and would be, with the currently achievable experimental accuracy, an indication for further CP violation than established in the Standard Model. The JEDI-Collaboration (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) in Jülich has performed a direct EDM measurement for deuterons with the so called precurser experiments at the storage ring COSY (COoler SYnchrotron). In order to understand the measured data and to disentangle an EDM signal from systematic effects, spin tracking simulations in an accurate simulation model of COSY are needed. Therefore a model of COSY was implemented using the software library Bmad. Systematic effects were considered by including element misalignments, effective dipole shortening and steerer kicks. These effects rotate the invariant spin axis additional to the EDM and have to be analyzed and understood. The most recent spin tracking results as well as the methods to find the invariant spin axis will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK040

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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WEPOTK053

Simulation of Bunch Formation for the Mu2e Experiment

proton, impedance, simulation, experiment

2180

K.P. Harrig, E. Prebys
UCD, Davis, California, USA
V.P. Nagaslaev, S.J. Werkema
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Grant DE-SC0019254, The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
The Fermilab Recycler is an 8 GeV storage ring composed of permanent magnets that was crucial to the success of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider program. It is currently being used to slip-stack protons for the high energy neutrino program and to re-bunch protons for use in the Muon g-2 and Mu2e experiments. For the latter applications, the Recycler re-bunches each 1.6 µs "batch" from the Fermilab Booster into four 2.5 MHz bunches. For the Mu2e experiment, it is crucial that beam more than 125 ns from the nominal bunch center be suppressed by at least a factor of 1E-5. While bunch formation is currently in operation for the g-2 experiment, this out of time requirement has not been met, and the reason is not understood. This work presents a simulation of bunch formation in the Recycler, in an effort to understand the reason for this excessive out of time beam and to search for a way to reduce it.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK053

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022

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WEPOMS030

A Path-Length Stability Experiment for Optical Stochastic Cooling at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

lattice, experiment, radiation, storage-ring

2311

S.J. Levenson, M.B. Andorf, I.V. Bazarov, V. Khachatryan, J.M. Maxson, D.L. Rubin, S. Wang
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams and NYSTAR award C150153.
To achieve sufficient particle delay with respect to the optical path in order to enable high gain amplification, the design of the Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) places the pickup (PU) and kicker (KU) undulators approximately 80 m apart. The arrival times at the KU of particles and the light they produce in the PU must be synchronized to an accuracy of less than an optical wavelength, which for this experiment is 780 nm. To test this synchronization, a planned demonstration of the stability of the bypass in CESR is presented where, in lieu of undulators, an interference pattern formed with radiation from two dipoles flanking the bypass is used. In addition to demonstrating stability, the fringe visibility of the pattern is related to the cooling ranges, a critical parameter needed for OSC. We present progress on this stabilization experiment including the design of a second-order isochronous bypass, as well as optimizations of the Dynamic Aperture (DA) and injection efficiency.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS030

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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WEPOMS045

Modeling and Mitigation of Long-Range Wakefields for Advanced Linear Colliders

linac, wakefield, HOM, collider

2350

F. Bosco, M. Carillo, L. Giuliano, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
O. Camacho, A. Fukasawa, N. Majernik, J.B. Rosenzweig
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
E. Chiadroni, B. Spataro, C. Vaccarezza
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
L. Faillace, A. Giribono
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy

Funding: This work is supported by DARPA under Contract N.HR001120C0072, by DOE Contract DE-SC0009914 and DE-SC0020409, by the National Science Foundation Grant N.PHY-1549132 and by INFN.
The luminosity requirements of TeV-class linear colliders demand use of intense charged beams at high repetition rates. Such features imply multi-bunch operation with long current trains accelerated over the km length scale. Consequently, particle beams are exposed to the mutual parasitic interaction due to the long-range wakefields excited by the leading bunches in the accelerating structures. Such perturbations to the motion induce transverse oscillations of the bunches, potentially leading to instabilities such as transverse beam break-up. Here we present a dedicated tracking code that studies the effects of long-range transverse wakefield interaction among different bunches in linear accelerators. Being described by means of an efficient matrix formalism, such effects can be included while preserving short computational times. As a reference case, we use our code to investigate the performance of a state-of-the-art linear collider currently under design and, in addition, we discuss possible mitigation techniques based on frequency detuning and damping.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS045

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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THPOST005

Tracking Dynamic Aperture in the iRCMS Hadrontherapy Synchrotron

synchrotron, dynamic-aperture, acceleration, focusing

2442

F. Méot, P.N. Joshi, N. Tsoupas
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
J.P. Lidestri, M.R. Subramanian
Best Medical International, Springfield, USA

Funding: Work supported by a TSA between Best Medical International and Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Dynamic aperture (DA) studies which are part of the ion Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron (iRCMS) lattice design have been undertaken. They are aimed at supporting on-going plans to launch the production of the six magnetic sectors which comprise the iRCMS racetrack arcs. The main bend magnetic gap is tight, so allowing smaller volume magnets and resulting in a compact ring. The DA happens to be commensurate with the mechanical aperture, thus tracking accuracy is in order. In that aim, DA tracking uses the OPERA field maps of the six 60 degree magnetic sectors of the arcs. Simulation outcomes are summarized here.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST005

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 18 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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THPOST018

The Design of a Second Beamline for the CLEAR User Facility at CERN

experiment, quadrupole, focusing, electron

2479

L.A. Dyks, R. Corsini, P. Korysko
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
P. Burrows
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
P. Burrows, P. Korysko
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom

The CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) has been operating as a general user facility since 2017 providing beams for a wide range of user experiments. However, with its current optical layout, the beams available to users are not able to cover every request. To overcome this, a second experimental beamline has been proposed. In this paper we discuss the potential optics of the new line as well as detailing the hardware required for its construction. Branching from the current beamline, via a dogleg chicane that could be used for bunch compression, the new beamline would provide an additional in-air test stand to be available to users. The beamline before the test stand would utilise large aperture quadrupoles to allow the irradiation of large target areas or strong focussing of beams onto a target. In addition to this there would also be further in-vacuum space to install experiments.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST018

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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THPOST023

Current Status of the FFA@CEBAF Energy Upgrade Study

linac, experiment, permanent-magnet, extraction

2494

R.M. Bodenstein, J.F. Benesch, S.A. Bogacz, A. Coxe, K.E. Deitrick, B.R. Gamage, G.A. Krafft, K.E.Price. Price, Y. Roblin, A. Seryi
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, D. Trbojevic
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
D. Douglas
Douglas Consulting, York, Virginia, USA
G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
V.S. Morozov
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177.
This work will describe the current status of the FFA@CEBAF energy upgrade feasibility studies. Technical updates are given, but more specific details are left to separate contributions. Specifically, this work will discuss improvements to the FFA arcs, a new recirculating injector proposal, and numerous modifications to the current 12 GeV CEBAF which will be required, such as the spreaders and recombiners architecture, splitters (time-of-flight chicanes), the extraction system, and the hall lines.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST023

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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THPOPT004

Design of a Compact 180-Degree Single-Shot Energy Spectrometer Based on a Halbach Dipole Magnet

electron, vacuum, simulation, detector

2564

R. Bazrafshan, T. Rohwer
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany
M. Fakhari, N.H. Matlis
CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
F.X. Kaernter
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In the AXSIS project at DESY, we develop compact THz accelerating structures for a table-top x-ray source. Acceleration is achieved by passing the electron beam through a dielectric-loaded waveguide powered by multi-cycle THz radiation. The final electron energy strongly depends on THz-power injected into the LINAC and timing. Thus in first experiments we expect large energy fluctuations and a large range of energies to cover. We designed an electron energy spectrometer for a wide range of final energies covering 5 to 20 MeV in a single-shot. Here, we present the design of an energy spectrometer which uses a compact dipole magnet based on the Halbach array concept to deflect the electron beam through a 180° path intercepted by a Fiber Optic Scintillator (FOS) mounted inside the vacuum perpendicular to the beam. The 180-degree bending geometry provides the possibility of having the focus point of all energies at the same distance from the magnet edge which makes the design simpler and more compact. It also removes the necessity of installing a safety dipole at the end of the accelerator. A slit system at the spectrometer entrance increases resolution to better than 0.2%.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT004

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOPT007

High Bunch Charges in the Second Injection Beamline of MESA

electron, simulation, operation, acceleration

2574

A.A. Kalamaiko, K. Aulenbacher, M.A. Dehn, S. Friederich, C.P. Stoll
KPH, Mainz, Germany

MESA (Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator) is an accelerator with two laser-driven electron sources (polarized and unpolarized) operating at 100 kV which is under construction at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. The unpolarized electron source MIST (MESA Injector Source Two) allows to produce high charged electron bunches with charge up to 7.7 pC. This source and a Mott polarimeter will be arranged on the same height above the MESA injector main beamline. A parallel shifting beamline was developed which allows to transport high charged beam from the source MIST to the main MESA beamline. Moreover, the designed beamline allows to transport beam from the electron source STEAM to the Mott polarimeter. This report is dedicated to the design of the separation beamline which transports and compresses highly charged electron bunches from the electron source MIST to the first acceleration section of MESA.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT007

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOPT013

Emittance Reduction with the Variable Dipole for the ELETTRA 2.0 Ring

emittance, lattice, optics, damping

2586

A. Poyet, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M.A. Domínguez, F. Toral
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
R. Geometrante, E. Karantzoulis
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
R. Geometrante
KYMA, Trieste, Italy

ELETTRA is a 2/2.4 GeV third-generation electron storage ring, located near Trieste, Italy. In view of a substantial increase of the machine performance in terms of brilliance, the so-called ELETTRA 2.0 upgrade is currently on-going. This upgrade is based on a 6-bends achromat, four dipoles of which having a longitudinally variable field. So far, those dipoles are foreseen to provide a field with a two step profile. The VAriable Dipole for the ELETTRA Ring (VADER) task, driven by the I.FAST European project, aims at developing a new dipole design based on a trapezoidal shape of the bending radius, which would allow for a further reduction of the horizontal emittance. A prototype of this magnet should be designed by the CIEMAT laboratory and built by KYMA company. This paper discusses the new dipole field specification and describes the corresponding optics optimization that was performed in order to reduce at best the emittance of the ELETTRA ring.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT013

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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THPOPT035

A Second Generation Light Source Aiming at High Power on the Giant Dipole Resonance

insertion, cavity, photon, resonance

2661

X. Buffat, L.L. Cuanillon, E.N. Kneubuehler
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

We propose an accelerator concept which could enable nuclear waste transmutation and energy amplification using a second generation light source rather than a high power proton beam. The main parameters of the ring and insertion devices are estimated, targeting a photon beam power of 1 GW with a spectrum that maximizes the potential for nuclear reactions via the Giant Dipole Resonance. The synergies with technologies developed for high energy physics, in particular within the Future Circular Collider study (FCC), are highlighted.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT035

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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THPOPT047

A Double Dipole Kicker for Off and On-Axis Injection for ALBA-II

kicker, injection, vacuum, storage-ring

2701

G. Benedetti, M. Carlà, M. Pont
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

Injection into the ALBA-II storage ring will be performed off-axis in a 4 meters straight section with a single multipole kicker. We present a novel topology for the coils of the injection kicker, named double dipole kicker (DDK). The resulting magnetic field is the superposition of two opposite dipoles, generated by four inner and four outer conductor rods. When the eight rods are powered, the dipole term cancels and the remaining multipole field is used for off-axis injection. Alternatively, when the four inner rods are switched off, an almost pure dipole is produced, that is useful for on-axis injection during the commissioning. A prototype of DDK is presently under design to be installed and tested in the existing ALBA storage ring. The positioning of the rods is calculated in order to maximise the kick efficiency in mrad/kA and minimise the disturbance to the orbit and the emittance of the stored beam. A metallic coating with optimised thickness along the inner ceramic vacuum chamber should provide compensation for the eddy currents induced field in order to minimize the disturbance to the stored beam while ensuring sufficiently low heat dissipation by the beam image currents.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT047

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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THPOPT059

Development of a Transfer Line for LPA-Generated Electron Bunches to a Compact Storage Ring

storage-ring, injection, quadrupole, plasma

2730

B. Härer, E. Bründermann, D. El Khechen, A.-S. Müller, A.I. Papash, S.C. Richter, R. Ruprecht, J. Schäfer, M. Schuh, C. Widmann
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
L. Jeppe
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany
A.R. Maier, J. Osterhoff, E. Panofski
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
P. Messner
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

The injection of LPA-generated beams into a storage ring is considered to be one of the most prominent applications of laser plasma accelerators (LPAs). In a combined endeavour between Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) the key challenges will be addressed with the aim to successfully demonstrate injection of LPA-generated beams into a compact storage ring with large energy acceptance and dynamic aperture. Such a storage ring and the corresponding transfer line are currently being designed within the cSTART project at KIT and will be ideally suited to accept bunches from a 50 MeV LPA prototype developed at DESY. This contribution presents the foreseen layout of the transfer line from the LPA to the injection point of the storage ring and discusses the status of beams optics calculations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT059

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Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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THPOTK001

Variable Permanent Hybrid Magnets for the Bessy III Storage Ring

lattice, quadrupole, HOM, storage-ring

2763

J. Völker, V. Dürr, P. Goslawski, A. Jankowiak, M. Titze
HZB, Berlin, Germany

The Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is working on the conceptual design of a successor source to BESSY II, an new BESSY III facility, designed for a beam energy of 2.5GeV and based on a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice for a low emittances of 100pm-rad. Bending and focusing magnets in the MBA cells should consist of permanent magnets (PM), to allow for a competitive and compact lattice, to increase the magnetic stability and to decrease the electric power consumption of the machine. However, using pure permanent magnet systems would result in a completely fixed lattice. Therefore, we are developing Variable Permanent Hybrid Magnets (VPHM), combining PM materials like NdFeB with a surrounding soft iron yoke and additional electric coils. This design can achieve the same field strength and field quality as conservative magnets, with only a small fraction of the electric power consumption, and a ca. 10% variability in the field amplitudes. In this paper, design and first optimization results of the magnets will be presented, which are a promising option for the new BESSY III facility, and an estimated reduction in total power consumption for the magnet lattice of up to 80%.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK001

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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THPOTK002

Magnet Design for the PETRA IV Storage Ring

quadrupole, storage-ring, octupole, sextupole

2767

R. Bartolini, I.V. Agapov, A. Aloev, H.-J. Eckoldt, D. Einfeld, B. Krause, A. Petrov, M. Thede, M. Tischer
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
J. Chavanne
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The proposed PETRA IV electron storage ring that will replace DESY’s flagship synchrotron light source PETRA III will feature a horizontal emittance as low as 20 pmrad. It is based on a hybrid six-bend achromat lattice. In addition to the storage ring PETRA IV, the Booster Synchrotron and the corresponding transfer line will be renewed. Overall about 4000 magnets will be manufactured. The lattice design require high-gradient quadrupoles, which are unfeasible with conventional steel, used traditionally for normal-conducting magnets. The required gradient is safely reached with the poles, made of Permendur. The bending magnets for the storage ring will be based on permanent magnets. This contribution presents the electromagnetic design of the magnets for the storage ring and booster synchrotron.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK002

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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THPOTK007

Magnet Systems for Korea 4GSR Light Source

quadrupole, emittance, multipole, sextupole

2781

D.E. Kim, T. Ha, G. Hahn, Y.G. Jung, H.-G. Lee, J. Lee, S. Shin, H.S. Suh
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea

Funding: Work supported by NRF of the Republic of Korea.
A 4th generation storage ring based light source is being developed in Korea since 2021. It features < 100 pm rad emittance, about 800 m circumference, 4 GeV e-beam energy, full energy booster injection, and more than 40 beamlines which includes more than 24 insertion device (ID) beamlines. This machine requires about ~1000 magnets including dipole, longitudinal gradient dipole, transverse gradient dipole, sextupoles, and correctors. The apertures are small and the lattice space requirements are very tight. In this report, a preliminary design of the each magnet is presented with detailed plan for the future.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK007

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Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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THPOTK009

Design of a Permanent Magnet Based Dipole Quadrupole Magnet

permanent-magnet, quadrupole, operation, multipole

2784

A.G. Hinton
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M. Kokole, T. Milharčič
KYMA, Trieste, Italy
A. Shahveh
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
B.J.A. Shepherd
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
B.J.A. Shepherd
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Permanent magnet technology can facilitate the design of accelerator magnets with much lower power consumption than traditional resistive electromagnets. By reducing the power requirements of magnets, more sustainable accelerators can be designed and built. At STFC, as part of the I.FAST collaboration, we are working to develop sustainable technologies for future accelerators. As part of this work, we have designed a permanent magnet based dipole-quadrupole magnet with parameters suited to meet the requirements of the proposed Diamond-II upgrade. We present here the magnetic design of the dipole-quadrupole magnet. The design, based on a single sided dipole-quadrupole, uses permanent magnets to generate the field in the magnet bore. The design includes the shaping of the pole tips to reduce multipole errors as well as methods of providing thermal stabilisation using thermal shunts and field tuning using resistive coils. The mechanical design of the magnet is being undertaken by colleagues at Kyma and a prototype of the magnet will soon be built and tested.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK009

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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THPOTK013

Cold Test Results of the FAIR Super-FRS First-of-Series Multiplets and Dipole

quadrupole, sextupole, cryogenics, octupole

2796

A. Chiuchiolo, A. Beaumont, E.J. Cho, F. Greiner, P. Kosek, M. Michels, H. Müller, C. Roux, H. Simon, K. Sugita, V. Velonas, F. Wamers, M. Winkler, Y. Xiang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Allain, V. Kleymenov, A. Madur
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Within the collaboration between GSI and CERN, a dedicated cryogenic test facility has been built at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) in order to perform the site acceptance tests of the 56 Superconducting FRagment Separator cryomodules before their installation at the the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (Darmstadt, Germany). Two of the three benches of the CERN test facility were successfully commissioned with the powering tests of the first-of-series multiplets and dipole. The long multiplet, with a warm bore radius of 192 mm, is composed of nine magnets of different type (quadrupole, sextupole, steering dipole and octupole) assembled with Nb-Ti racetrack and cosine-theta coils, mounted in a cold iron yoke and in a common cryostat. This work presents the first results of the cold powering tests at 4.5 K during which dedicated measurements have been implemented for the magnetic characterization of the single magnets up to nominal current (300 A for a long quadrupole) and the study of their crosstalk effects. The results of the acceptance tests will be presented together with the challenges and lessons learnt during the facility commissioning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK013

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOTK023

Ferrite Specification for the Mu2e 300 kHz and 4.4 MHz AC Dipole Magnets

proton, experiment, electron, target

2816

K.P. Harrig, E. Prebys
UCD, Davis, California, USA
L. Elementi, C.C. Jensen, H. Pfeffer, D.A. Still, I. Terechkine, S.J. Werkema, M. Wong
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, in addition to grant DE-SC0019254.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will measure the rate for neutrinoless-conversion of negative muons into electrons with never-before-seen precision. This experiment will use a pulsed 8 GeV proton beam with pulses separated by 1.7 µs. To suppress beam induced backgrounds to this process, a set of dipoles operating at 300 kHz and 4.4 MHz have been developed that will reduce the fraction of out-of-time protons at the level of 1E-10 or less. Selection of magnetic ferrite material for construction must be carefully considered given the high repetition rate and duty cycle that can lead to excess heating in conventional magnetic material. A model of the electromagnetic and thermal properties of candidate ferrite materials has been constructed. Magnetic permeability, inductance, and power loss were measured at the two operating frequencies in toroidal ferrite samples as well as in the ferrites from which prototype magnets were built. Additionally, the outgassing rates of the ferrite material was measured to determine vacuum compatibility. The outcome of this work is a detailed specification of the electrical and mechanical details of the ferrite material required for this application.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK023

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOMS001

TURBO: A Novel Beam Delivery System Enabling Rapid Depth Scanning for Charged Particle Therapy

proton, optics, controls, multipole

2929

J.S.L. Yap, S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
R.B. Appleby, H.X.Q. Norman, A.F. Steinberg
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Charged particle therapy (CPT) is a well-established modality of cancer treatment and is increasing in worldwide presence due to improved accelerator technology and modern techniques. The beam delivery system (BDS) determines the overall timing and beam shaping capabilities, but is restricted by the energy variation speed: energy layer switching time (ELST). Existing treatment beamlines have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, needing time to change the magnetic fields as the beam is delivered in layers at various depths across the tumour volume. Minimising the ELST can enable the delivery of faster, more effective and advanced treatments but requires an improved BDS. A possibility for this could be achieved with a design using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics, enabling a large energy acceptance to rapidly transport beams of varying energies. A scaled-down, novel system - Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation (TURBO) - is being developed at the University of Melbourne, to explore the potential of rapid depth scanning. Initial simulation studies, beam and field measurements, project plans and clinical considerations are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS001

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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THPOMS011

Beam Optics Studies for a Novel Gantry for Hadrontherapy

optics, quadrupole, operation, hadrontherapy

2962

E. Felcini, G. Frisella, A. Mereghetti, M.G. Pullia, S. Savazzi
CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
E. Benedetto
SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
M.T.F. Pivi
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

Funding: This study was (partially) supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101008548 (HITRIplus).
The design of smaller and less costly gantries for carbon ion particle therapy represents a major challenge to the diffusion of this treatment. Here we present the work done on the linear beam optics of possible gantry layouts, differing for geometry, momentum acceptance, and magnet technology, which share the use of combined function superconducting magnets with a bending field of 4T. We performed parallel-to-point and point-to-point optics matching at different magnification factors to provide two different beam sizes at the isocenter. Moreover, we considered the orbit distortion generated by magnet errors and we introduced beam position monitors and correctors. The study, together with considerations on the criteria for comparison, is the basis for the design of a novel and compact gantry for hadrontherapy.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS011

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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THPOMS012

Explorative Studies of an Innovative Superconducting Gantry

optics, superconducting-magnet, quadrupole, hadrontherapy

2966

M.G. Pullia, M. Donetti, E. Felcini, G. Frisella, A. Mereghetti, A. Mirandola, A. Pella, S. Savazzi
CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
E. Benedetto
SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
L. Dassa, M. Karppinen, D. Perini, D. Tommasini, M. Vretenar
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. De Matteis, L. Rossi
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
C. Kurfürst, M.T.F. Pivi, M. Stock
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
S. Mariotto, M. Prioli
INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
L. Piacentini, A. Ratkus, T. Torims, J. Vilcans
Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
L. Sabbatini, A. Vannozzi
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
S. Uberti
Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Funding: This study was (partially) supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101008548 (HITRIplus).
The Heavy Ion Therapy Research Integration plus (HITRIplus) is a European project that aims to integrate and propel research and technologies related to cancer treatment with heavy ions beams. Among the ambitious goals of the project, a specific work package includes the design of a gantry for carbon ions, based on superconducting magnets. The first milestone to achieve is the choice of the fundamental gantry parameters, namely the beam optics layout, the superconducting magnet technology, and the main user requirements. Starting from a reference 3T design, the collaboration widely explored dozens of possible gantry configurations at 4T, aiming to find the best compromise in terms of footprint, capital cost, and required R&D. We present here a summary of these configurations, underlying the initial correlation between the beam optics, the mechanics, and the main superconducting dipoles design: the bending field (up to 4 T), combined function features (integrated quadrupole), magnet aperture (up to 90 mm), and angular length (30°-45°). The resulting main parameters are then listed, compared, and used to drive the choice of the best gantry layout to be developed in HITRIplus.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS012

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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THPOMS020

Beam Optics Study for a Potential VHEE Beam Delivery System

scattering, electron, optics, quadrupole

2992

C.S. Robertson, P. Burrows
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
M. Dosanjh, A. Gerbershagen, A. Latina
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

VHEE (Very High Energy Electron) therapy can be superior to conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of deep seated tumours, whilst not necessarily requiring the space and cost of proton or heavy ion facilities. Developments in high gradient RF technology have allowed electrons to be accelerated to VHEE energies in a compact space, meaning that treatment could be possible with a shorter linac. A crucial component of VHEE treatment is the transfer of the beam from accelerator to patient. This is required to magnify the beam to cover the transverse extent of the tumour, whilst ensuring a uniform beam distribution. Two principle methodologies for the design of a compact transfer line are presented. The first of these is based upon a quadrupole lattice and optical magnification of beam size. A minimisation algorithm is used to enforce certain criteria on the beam distribution at the patient, defining the lattice through an automated routine. Separately, a dual scattering-foil based system is also presented, which uses similar algorithms for the optimisation of the foil geometry in order to achieve the desired beam shape at the patient location.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS020

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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THPOMS049

Energy Comparison of Room Temperature and Superconducting Synchrotrons for Hadron Therapy

synchrotron, operation, proton, extraction

3080

G. Bisoffi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
E. Benedetto, M. Karppinen, M.R. Khalvati, M. Vretenar, R. van Weelderen
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M.G. Pullia, G. Venchi
CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
L. Rossi
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
M. Sapinski
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
M. Sorbi
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy
R.U. Valente
La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

The yearly energy requirements of normal conducting (NC) and superconducting (SC) magnet options of a new hadron therapy (HT) facility are compared. Special reference is made to the layouts considered for the proposed SEEIIST facility. Benchmarking with the NC CNAO HT centre in Pavia (Italy) was carried out. The energy comparison is centred on the different synchrotron solutions, assuming the same injector and lines in the designs. The beam current is more than a factor 10 higher with respect to present generation facilities. This allows efficient ’multi-energy extraction’ (MEE), which shortens the therapy treatment and is needed especially in the SC option, because of the slow magnet ramping time. Hence, power values of the facility in the traditional mode were converted into MEE ones, for the sake of a fair stepwise comparison between NC and SC magnets. The use of cryocoolers and a liquefier are also compared, for synchrotron refrigeration. This study shows that a NC facility operated in MEE mode requires the least average energy, followed by the SC synchrotron solution with a liquefier, while the most energy intensive solution is the SC one with cryocoolers.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS049

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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