CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (focusing)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPO009	Study on the Extraction of a Compact Cyclotron for BNCT	extraction, cyclotron, neutron, emittance	73
	L.Y. Ji, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, S.M. Wei, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	An 18 MeV, 1 mA H⁻ compact cyclotron is under design at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The proton beam bombards a beryllium target, producing high-flux neutron beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Stripping extraction is adopted in this cyclotron. The position of the stripping point affects the trajectory and beam quality of the extracted beam. In this paper, we use orbit-tracking method to simulate the beam trajectory and emittance with different positions and tilt angles of stripping foil, and adopt the extraction point whose radius is 53.6 cm, azimuth is 57° and the tilt angle of the stripping foil is 15°.
	Poster MOPO009 [1.696 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO009
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 March 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO001	Field Matching of F-D-F, Gap Shaping Magnets for a 2 GeV CW FFA	FEM, FFAG, lattice, proton	200
	W.F. Fu, T.J. Bian, C. Wang, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, H. Zhou, X.F. Zhu CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 12135020 and the basic research fund from the Ministry of Finance of China under Grant BRF201901. Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators have been developed for decades. A continuous wave (CW) 2 GeV FFA which aims at high-power proton beam applications is under developing in China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). To avoid dangerous resonance lines and manipulate the tune diagram flexibly, 3rd order magnetic field is applied along the radius and 10-fold symmetrical F-D-F scheme has been proved to be feasible. In this paper, Integral Equation Method (IEM) is introduced and shown more efficient than adjusting the variable gap manually, saving time for magnet design. First of all, the radial mean field is set as a main design goal and the Δ H at different radii is solved by linear equations based on IEM. The isochronism is done when the mean field is well matched with the design value, whereas some precise corrections are needed for the oscillating frequency Vr and Vz, such as fringe field effects and multipole components near the end of pole face. The tune shift caused by fringe field is also included in this paper. Fringe field is more crucial for HTS magnets especially, since the leaked field of superconducting coil is ~1 kGs. Considering that, we apply an angular matching method to compensate the tune shift by fringe field.
	Poster WEPO001 [3.442 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO001
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO004	High Power Center Region with Internal Ion Source	cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration, simulation	211
	O. Karamyshev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Cyclotrons for medical isotope production require high beam current. Author propose the design of central region with internal ion source at 6.6 kV potential placed in the center of cyclotoron and delivering the beam to every RF cavity symmetrically.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO004
About •	Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAO01	On the Energy Limit of Compact Isochronous Cyclotrons	cyclotron, resonance, hadrontherapy, hadron	255
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Existing analytical models for transverse beam dynamics in isochronous cyclotrons are often not valid or not precise for relativistic energies. The main difficulty in developing such models lies in the fact that cross-terms between derivatives of the average magnetic field and the azimuthally varying components cannot be neglected at higher energies. Taking such cross-terms rigorously into account results in an even larger number of terms that need to be included in the equations. In this paper, a method is developed which is relativistically correct and which provides results that are practical and easy to use. We derive new formulas, graphs, and tables for the radial and vertical tunes in terms of the flutter, its radial derivatives, the spiral angle and the relativistic gamma. Using this method, we study the 2nur=N structural resonance (N is number of sectors) and provide formulas and graphs for its stopband. Combining those equations with the new equation for the vertical tune, we find the stability zone and the energy limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons for any value of N. We confront the new analytical method with closed orbit simulations of the IBA C400 cyclotron for hadron therapy.
	Slides THAO01 [6.641 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THAO01
About •	Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 05 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 07 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBO06	The Design of the Center Region of MSC230 Cyclotron	cyclotron, proton, radiation, acceleration	285
	V. Malinin, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, D. Popov JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia T.V. Karamysheva Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia T.V. Karamysheva, A.A. Sinitsa JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	MSC230 is an innovative efficient medical super-conducting cyclotron for the study and investigation of the conventional proton and FLASH therapy, devel-oped by JINR for its new biomedical research center. The machine has an internal injection system provided by a PIG ion source and, for better efficiency, 4 RF dees connected in the center. Despite these re-strictions, it is possible to create a center region design which allows initial acceleration with minimal losses sufficient for the FLASH therapy. The design and its features presented in this talk.
	Slides THBO06 [2.456 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBO06
About •	Received ※ 01 January 2023 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 31 January 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO013	Magnet Design of a Compact 16 MeV Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production	cyclotron, extraction, MMI, controls	330
	S. Xu HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, Z. Wu, J. Zhou ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China W. Wang Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
	A compact isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, is under research and development at Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM).This cyclotron can accelerate negative hydrogen ion to variable energy in the range of 10~16 MeV for the stable production of widely-used medical isotopes in this energy range. It has a maximal diameter of only 1.8 m and adopts three radial-sector poles with the third harmonic acceleration. The design of magnet system and the analysis of final simulated static magnetic field were described in detail in this paper. Meanwhile, two suitable shimming methods were also proposed for later engineering optimization
	Poster THPO013 [1.629 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO013
About •	Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO016	Design and Analysis of the 230 MeV Cyclotron Magnet for the Proton Therapy System	cyclotron, acceleration, proton, permanent-magnet	342
	X.H. Zhang CGN, Mianyang City, People’s Republic of China
	This paper introduces the design and analysis of 230 MeV cyclotron magnet of the proton therapy system. The magnet is an important part of the 230 MeV cyclotron, which can supply proton beam for the therapy terminal. The magnetic field calculation and modification has been done, and the isochronous error of the magnetic field is less than 0.2%. Meanwhile, the thermal analysis of the coil has been calculated by the empirical formula.
	Poster THPO016 [0.591 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO016
About •	Received ※ 02 February 2023 — Revised ※ 07 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 23 March 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPO009

Study on the Extraction of a Compact Cyclotron for BNCT

extraction, cyclotron, neutron, emittance

73

L.Y. Ji, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, S.M. Wei, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

An 18 MeV, 1 mA H⁻ compact cyclotron is under design at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The proton beam bombards a beryllium target, producing high-flux neutron beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Stripping extraction is adopted in this cyclotron. The position of the stripping point affects the trajectory and beam quality of the extracted beam. In this paper, we use orbit-tracking method to simulate the beam trajectory and emittance with different positions and tilt angles of stripping foil, and adopt the extraction point whose radius is 53.6 cm, azimuth is 57° and the tilt angle of the stripping foil is 15°.

Poster MOPO009 [1.696 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO009

About •

Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 March 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO001

Field Matching of F-D-F, Gap Shaping Magnets for a 2 GeV CW FFA

FEM, FFAG, lattice, proton

200

W.F. Fu, T.J. Bian, C. Wang, S.P. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, H. Zhou, X.F. Zhu
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 12135020 and the basic research fund from the Ministry of Finance of China under Grant BRF201901.
Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators have been developed for decades. A continuous wave (CW) 2 GeV FFA which aims at high-power proton beam applications is under developing in China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). To avoid dangerous resonance lines and manipulate the tune diagram flexibly, 3rd order magnetic field is applied along the radius and 10-fold symmetrical F-D-F scheme has been proved to be feasible. In this paper, Integral Equation Method (IEM) is introduced and shown more efficient than adjusting the variable gap manually, saving time for magnet design. First of all, the radial mean field is set as a main design goal and the Δ H at different radii is solved by linear equations based on IEM. The isochronism is done when the mean field is well matched with the design value, whereas some precise corrections are needed for the oscillating frequency Vr and Vz, such as fringe field effects and multipole components near the end of pole face. The tune shift caused by fringe field is also included in this paper. Fringe field is more crucial for HTS magnets especially, since the leaked field of superconducting coil is ~1 kGs. Considering that, we apply an angular matching method to compensate the tune shift by fringe field.

Poster WEPO001 [3.442 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO001

About •

Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPO004

High Power Center Region with Internal Ion Source

cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration, simulation

211

O. Karamyshev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Cyclotrons for medical isotope production require high beam current. Author propose the design of central region with internal ion source at 6.6 kV potential placed in the center of cyclotoron and delivering the beam to every RF cavity symmetrically.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEPO004

About •

Received ※ 06 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAO01

On the Energy Limit of Compact Isochronous Cyclotrons

cyclotron, resonance, hadrontherapy, hadron

255

W.J.G.M. Kleeven
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Existing analytical models for transverse beam dynamics in isochronous cyclotrons are often not valid or not precise for relativistic energies. The main difficulty in developing such models lies in the fact that cross-terms between derivatives of the average magnetic field and the azimuthally varying components cannot be neglected at higher energies. Taking such cross-terms rigorously into account results in an even larger number of terms that need to be included in the equations. In this paper, a method is developed which is relativistically correct and which provides results that are practical and easy to use. We derive new formulas, graphs, and tables for the radial and vertical tunes in terms of the flutter, its radial derivatives, the spiral angle and the relativistic gamma. Using this method, we study the 2nur=N structural resonance (N is number of sectors) and provide formulas and graphs for its stopband. Combining those equations with the new equation for the vertical tune, we find the stability zone and the energy limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons for any value of N. We confront the new analytical method with closed orbit simulations of the IBA C400 cyclotron for hadron therapy.

Slides THAO01 [6.641 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THAO01

About •

Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 05 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 07 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBO06

The Design of the Center Region of MSC230 Cyclotron

cyclotron, proton, radiation, acceleration

285

V. Malinin, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, D. Popov
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
T.V. Karamysheva
Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
T.V. Karamysheva, A.A. Sinitsa
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

MSC230 is an innovative efficient medical super-conducting cyclotron for the study and investigation of the conventional proton and FLASH therapy, devel-oped by JINR for its new biomedical research center. The machine has an internal injection system provided by a PIG ion source and, for better efficiency, 4 RF dees connected in the center. Despite these re-strictions, it is possible to create a center region design which allows initial acceleration with minimal losses sufficient for the FLASH therapy. The design and its features presented in this talk.

Slides THBO06 [2.456 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBO06

About •

Received ※ 01 January 2023 — Revised ※ 24 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 31 January 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO013

Magnet Design of a Compact 16 MeV Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotope Production

cyclotron, extraction, MMI, controls

330

S. Xu
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
K.Z. Ding, F. Jiang, Z. Wu, J. Zhou
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
W. Wang
Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China

A compact isochronous cyclotron, CIMV16, is under research and development at Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd, China (HFCIM).This cyclotron can accelerate negative hydrogen ion to variable energy in the range of 10~16 MeV for the stable production of widely-used medical isotopes in this energy range. It has a maximal diameter of only 1.8 m and adopts three radial-sector poles with the third harmonic acceleration. The design of magnet system and the analysis of final simulated static magnetic field were described in detail in this paper. Meanwhile, two suitable shimming methods were also proposed for later engineering optimization

Poster THPO013 [1.629 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO013

About •

Received ※ 30 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPO016

Design and Analysis of the 230 MeV Cyclotron Magnet for the Proton Therapy System

cyclotron, acceleration, proton, permanent-magnet

342

X.H. Zhang
CGN, Mianyang City, People’s Republic of China

This paper introduces the design and analysis of 230 MeV cyclotron magnet of the proton therapy system. The magnet is an important part of the 230 MeV cyclotron, which can supply proton beam for the therapy terminal. The magnetic field calculation and modification has been done, and the isochronous error of the magnetic field is less than 0.2%. Meanwhile, the thermal analysis of the coil has been calculated by the empirical formula.

Poster THPO016 [0.591 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO016

About •

Received ※ 02 February 2023 — Revised ※ 07 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 23 March 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)