ECRIS2016 - List of Keywords (plasma)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOAO01	Scaling Laws in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources	ion, ECR, electron, ECRIS	1
	C.M. Lyneis LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	In the last 43 years, the performance of high charge state ECRIS has improved dramatically as a result of improvements to the magnetic field confinement, increases in the microwave heating frequency and techniques to stabilize the plasma at high densities. For example, in 1973 15 eμA of O⁶⁺ was produced in an ECRIS and now it is possible to produce as much as 4500 eμA. In this paper the parameters and performance of ECRIS are reviewed and compared to empirical scaling laws* to see what can be expected when fourth generation ECRIS begin to operate. * Geller, Richard. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ECR plasmas. CRC Press, 1996, p 395
	Slides MOAO01 [6.464 MB]
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MOCO01	Innovative Schemes of Plasma Heating for Future Multiply-Charged Ions Sources: Modeling and Experimental Investigation	ion, electron, ECR, diagnostics	14
	D. Mascali, C. Altana, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, M. Mazzaglia, D. Nicolosi, R. Reitano, F.P. Romano, G. Sorbello, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M. Mazzaglia, R. Reitano Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy F.P. Romano IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy G. Sorbello University of Catania, Catania, Italy
	The application of plasma heating methods alternative to the direct Electron Cyclotron Resonance coupling, such as the Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW) heating, is already a reality in large-size thermonuclear reactors. These plasma waves give the unique opportunity to largely overcome the cutoff density. EBW heating in compact traps such as ECRIS devices is still a challenge, requiring advanced modelling and innovative diagnostics. At Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS), the off-ECR heating (driven by Bernstein waves) has produced a highly overdense plasma. Interferometric measurements say the electron density has overcome by a factor ten the cutoff density at 3.76 GHz. More advanced schemes of wave launching have been designed and implemented on the new test-bench called Flexible Plasma Trap, operating up to 7 GHz-0.5 T, in ﬂat/simple mirror/beach magnetic conﬁguration. The paper will give an overview about modal-conversion investigation by a theoretical and experimental point of view, including the description of the diagnostics developed to detect plasma emitted radiation in the RF, optical, soft-X and hard-X-ray domains.
	Slides MOCO01 [13.465 MB]
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MOCO03	Cavity Tuning Experiments with the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS	ion, cavity, ECR, GUI	18
	O.A. Tarvainen, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen, J. Orpana JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia V. Toivanen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Experimental results showing the effect of cavity tuning on oxygen beam currents extracted from the AECR-type JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS are reported. The microwave-plasma coupling properties of the ion source were adjusted by inserting a conducting tuner stub through the injection plug, thus changing the dimensions of the plasma chamber and affecting the cavity properties of the system. The beam currents of high charge state ions were observed to vary up to some tens of percent depending on the tuner position and the microwave frequency.
	Slides MOCO03 [5.745 MB]
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MODO01	Structural Information on the ECR Plasma by X-ray Imaging	ion, ECR, ion-source, electron	30
	R. Rácz, S. Biri ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary C. Caliri, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, F.P. Romano INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy J. Pálinkás DU, Debrecen, Hungary F.P. Romano IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy
	Precise knowledge on the density distribution of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source plasma is needed by several reasons: i) in order to possibly improve the quality parameters of the extracted ion beam (emittance, brightness) strongly linked to the plasma structure, ii) to correctly investigate the recently observed plasma instabilities and/or the implementation of alternative heating methods (e.g. modal conversion) iii) in order to improve the general microwave-to-plasma coupling efficiency, in view of a microwave-absorption oriented design of future ECRIS. The non-destructive spectroscopic diagnostic methods give information always corresponding to an integration over the whole plasma volume. X-ray imaging by pin-hole camera can partly overcome this limitation. We performed volumetric and space resolved X-ray measurements at the ATOMKI ECRIS operated at lower frequencies than usual. The experimental setup in detail and the methods how the working parameters were selected will be shown. The integrated and photon-counting analyses of the collected plasma images show a strong effect of the frequency and magnetic field on the plasma structure and local energy content.
	Slides MODO01 [10.710 MB]
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MOFO01	SPIRAL1 Charge Breeder: Performances and Status	ion, experiment, injection, operation	35
	L. Maunoury, O. Bajeat, C. Barthe-Dejean, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, A. Jeanne, O. Kamalou, P. Lecomte, O. Osmond, G. Peschard, A. Savalle GANIL, Caen, France J. Angot, T. Lamy, P. Sole LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	In the framework of the SPIRAL1 upgrade under progress at the GANIL lab, the charge breeder based on a LPSC Phoenix ECRIS, first tested at ISOLDE* has been modified as to benefit of the last enhancements of this device from the 1+ / n+ community*. Prior to its installation in the middle of the low energy beam line of the SPIRAL1 facility, it has been tested at the 1+/n+ LPSC test bench to validate its operation performances. Charge breeding efficiencies as well as charge breeding times have been measured for noble gases and alkali elements. The experimental results demonstrated that the modifications done were on the right track leading the SPIRAL1 charge breeder to the top worldwide in terms of performances. The experimental outcomes have proved the strong interrelationship between the charge breeding efficiency and the charge breeding times which are still under active discussion. P. Delahaye et al, Review of Scientific Instruments. 77, 03B105 (2006) ** R. Vondrasek et al, Review of Scientific Instruments 83 113303 (2012)
	Slides MOFO01 [10.461 MB]
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TUAO01	The Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS): Installation and Commissioning at INFN-LNS	ion, proton, MMI, injection	39
	L. Celona, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, M. Mazzaglia, L. Neri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy
	A 2.45 GHz ' 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source has been designed and assembled at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) in order to produce pulsed beams of protons up to 74 mA nominal current, at 75 keV of energy, with a transverse emittance containing 99 % of the nominal proton current below 2.25 π mm mrad and a beam stability of ± 2 %. The challenging performances of the machine have triggered specific studies on the maximization of the proton fraction inside the plasma and of the overall plasma density, including dedicated modelling of the wave-to-plasma interaction and ionization processes. The plasma conditioning phase started in July and excellent RF to plasma coupling, more than 99.5% is evident since the beginning. Reflected power fluctuation less than 0.05 % was measured providing a great starting point to reach the beam stability requested by the ESS accelerator.
	Slides TUAO01 [14.571 MB]
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TUAO04	SECRAL II Ion Source Development and the First Commissioning at 28 GHz	ion, ECR, ion-source, sextupole	43
	L.T. Sun, X. Fang, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, H.Y. Ma, L.Z. Ma, Y.M. Ma, Z. Shen, W. Wu, T. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	SECRAL II ion source has been successfully designed and developed at IMP. This ion source is a 3rd generation ECR machine optimized for the operation at 28 GHz. As a second superconducting ECR ion source developed at IMP with the identical coldmass design as SECRAL ion source, which has the sextupole coils external to the axial solenoids, the magnet performance is more robust according the training test. After a short time beam test at 18 GHz, SECRAL II has been commissioned at 28 GHz, and some preliminary results have been achieved with high charge state ion beam production. This paper will present the magnet design and test results. The first beam at 28 GHz will also be given.
	Slides TUAO04 [8.218 MB]
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TUAO05	First Plasma of the PHOENIX V3 ECR Ion Source	ion, MMI, ECR, injection	48
	T. Thuillier, J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France J.L. Flambard, L. Maunoury GANIL, Caen, France T. Kalvas JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France
	Funding: This project was partially funded by the EU Grant Agreement 283745. PHOENIX V3 is an upgrade of the PHOENIX V2 ECR ion source granted by the European CRISP project. This new ECRIS features a larger plasma chamber and a re-duced vacuum pressure under operation. The V3 source will replace the V2 one on the SPIRAL2 accelerator in 2018. The first plasma of PHOENIX V3 was achieved on May 9th 2016. The early commissioning of the V3 source at low 18 GHz power demonstrates as expected an en-hancement of the high charge state production and Ar¹⁴⁺ intensity already exceeds the V2 one. Further enhance-ments are expected the outgassing will be achieved and the full RF power will be injected in the source.
	Slides TUAO05 [7.050 MB]
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WEAO03	Practical Comparison of Two-Frequency Heating Phenomena in Different ECR Ion Sources	ion, ECR, ECRIS, experiment	55
	A. Kitagawa NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan S. Biri, R. Rácz ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary Y. Kato Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan M. Muramatsu National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan W. Takasugi AEC, Chiba, Japan
	In order to improve highly-charged ion production from the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECRIS, our group has studied the mixture of two microwaves of which the frequencies were close together each. Our conclusion was that when an additional microwave is added to the primary microwave, the plasma stability is improved. The output current of the highly charged ion beam was proportional to the total power of both microwaves. The dependence on the additional frequency showed the fine structure. Since this structure depended on the magnetic field, vacuum pressure, and so on, the precise frequency adjustment for maximum output was required under each condition. Our interest is whether the above-mentioned phenomenon can be demonstrated using a different ion source where the two frequencies are even far from each other. We installed a 17.75-18.25 GHz microwave system in addition to the 14.3 GHz klystron amplifier of the ATOMKI ECRIS. Argon output currents at various values of the microwave power and frequency were studied. The dependence on the total power shows the similar tendency as at NIRS. The dependence on the additional frequency also shows the fine structure. Detailed data will be presented.
	Slides WEAO03 [4.648 MB]
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WECO01	Intermediate Commissioning Results of the Required 140 mA/100 keV CW D⁺ ECR Injector of LIPAc, IFMIF's Prototype	ion, emittance, rfq, MMI	67
	B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, R. Gobin, F. Senée CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France P.-Y. Beauvais, H. Dzitko F4E, Germany L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Bellan Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy P. Cara, R. Heidinger Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany F. Harrault CEA/DSM/IRFU, France R. Ichimiya, A. Ihara, A. Kasugai, T. Kitano, M. Komata, K. Kondo, K. Sakamoto, T. Shinya, M. Sugimoto QST, Aomori, Japan J. Knaster, A. Marqueta, K. Nishiyama, Y. Okumura, G. Pruneri, F. Scantamburlo IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
	The LIPAc accelerator aims to operate in Rokkasho Fusion Institute a 125 mA/CW deuteron beam at 9 MeV to validate the concept of IFMIF's accelerators that will operate in CW 125 mA at 40 MeV. The 2.45 GHz ECR injector developed by CEA-Saclay is designed to deliver 140 mA/100 keV CW D⁺ beam with 99% D⁺ fraction ratio. Its LEBT relies on a dual solenoid focusing system to transport and match the beam into the RFQ. The normalized RMS emittance at the RFQ injection cone is required to be within 0.25π mm·mrad to allow 96% transmission through the 9.81 m long RFQ. An equal perveance H⁺ beam of half current and half energy as nominal with D⁺ is used to avoid activation during commissioning. The injector commissioning at Rokkasho is divided into three phases to characterize the emittance between the two solenoids of the LEBT (A1) and just downstream the RFQ injection cone (A2) and the extraction system of the source (A3). Phase A1 has been achieved and phase A2 continues in 2016 in order to reach the required beam parameters and to match the beam into the RFQ. This paper reports the commissioning results of phase A1 and the intermediate ones of phase A2 for H⁺ and D⁺ beams.
	Slides WECO01 [4.783 MB]
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WECO02	Development of a Compact High Intensity Ion Source for Light Ions at CEA-Saclay	ion, extraction, light-ion, high-voltage	73
	O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, R. Gobin, O. Tuske CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Harrault CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	During the past 5 years, a R&D program has been launched to improve the beam quality of ECR 2.45 GHz high intensity light ion sources for high power accelerators. The main goal was to minimize the divergence and emittance growth of intense beams due to the space charge as early as possible on the low energy transfer line for a better injection in the second stage of acceleration (RFQ). This has been achieved by reducing the length of the extraction system, to be able to put the first solenoid as close as possible to the extraction aperture. This was performed with the ALISES concept (Advanced Light Ion Source Extraction System). Encouraging results have been obtained in 2012 but with limitations due to Penning discharges in the accelerating column. Taking advantages of ALISES geometry, intensive studies and simulations have been undertaken to eliminate the discharge phenomena. An Innovative and compact source geometry has been found and the source has been fabricated. This new prototype and its performances will be described, as well as magnetic field configuration studies and its influence on the extracted beam. This source developed at Saclay is under patent number FR 15 56871 and this patent is pending
	Slides WECO02 [35.894 MB]
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WEPP02	Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Injector of the Facility for Anti Proton and Ion Research at CEA-Saclay	ion, proton, solenoid, diagnostics	86
	O. Tuske, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, N. Misiara, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, C. Simon CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Ameil, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger GSI, Darmstadt, Germany T.V. Vacher CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) located at GSI (Darmstadt) in Germany addresses several fields of physics research within a single installation. One of the contribution of Irfu/SACM at CEA-Saclay to the FAIR linear proton accelerator concerns the development and construction of the ion source and the low energy line. The 2.45 GHz microwave ion source will deliver a 100 mA H⁺ beam pulsed at 4 Hz with an energy of 95 keV. A low energy beam transport (LEBT) line based on a dual solenoids focusing scheme allows the injection of the proton beam into the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) within an acceptance of 0.3π mm.mrad (norm., rms). An electrostatic chopper system located between the second solenoid and the RFQ is used to cut the beam macro pulse from the source to inject 36 μs long beam pulses into the RFQ. This article reports the finalization of the installation of the injector with the detail of dedicated diagnostics, the first beam measurements and gives a planning of the different commissioning phases
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WEPP03	Never Run Your ECR Ion Source with Argon in Afterglow for 6 Months!	ion, operation, linac, extraction	89
	D. Küchler, A.I. Michet, J.A.F. Somoza, V. Toivanen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The fixed target experiment NA61 in the North Area of the SPS at CERN studies phase transitions in strongly interacting matter using the primary beams available from the CERN accelerator complex (protons and lead ions). In order to explore a wider range of energies and densities a primary argon beam was requested for the physics run in 2015. The GTS-LHC ECR ion source was running for many months during 2013 and 2014 to study the source behaviour and to setup the accelerator chain with argon ions. This paper reports the long term effects of the argon operation on the GTS-LHC ion source and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Heavy sputtering inside the source caused a degradation of the plasma chamber and metal coating of insulators inside the beam extraction system. Iron ions could be found in the extracted beam. Also the pumping performance of ion getter pumps in the LEBT degraded significantly. Additional preventive maintenance was necessary to be able to run for long periods without risking serious damage to the ion source.
	Poster WEPP03 [28.231 MB]
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WEPP05	Status Report on Metallic Beam Production at GANIL/SPIRAL 2	ion, ECR, ECRIS, ion-source	92
	C. Barue, O. Bajeat, J.L. Flambard, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, N. Lechartier, F. Lemagnen, L. Maunoury, V. Metayer, O. Osmond GANIL, Caen, France C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France P. Sole, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	Primary ion beams from metallic elements are routinely produced at GANIL using ECR4 and ECR4M 'room temperature' ECR ion sources. Ionization efficiency measurements, partially presented in the past, are summarized in this report together with updated and new results obtained with Cd, Mo and Ta. Preliminary results for Ni and Ca obtained with the room temperature Phoenix-V2 ECR ion source, under commissioning for SPIRAL 2, are also included. These ionization efficiencies are compared according to the production methods: oven, sputtering, MIVOC, gaseous compounds. The presently SPIRAL 2 heavy ion injector designed for ions Q/A=1/3 shows clear limitations in terms of intensity for metallic ions with mass higher than 60 (intensity < 1 pμA). In order to choose the best ion source for a future Q/A=1/6, 1/7 injector, best world results have been compiled for different existing 'room temperature' and superconducting ECR ion sources. # christophe.barue@ganil.fr
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WEPP08	Development of Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source with Pulse Gas Valve	ion, ion-source, ECR, proton	98
	Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan M. Ichikawa QST, Tokai, Japan N. Miyawaki QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
	Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source using permanent magnets is under development. A pulsed gas injection system achieved by a piezo gas valve can reduce the gas load to a vacuum evacuation system. This feature is suitable when the ion source is closely located to an RFQ. Results of a performance test will be presented.
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WEPP09	Development of a New Compact 5.8 GHz ECR Ion Source	ion, ECR, coupling, ion-source	101
	J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole, T. Thuillier, F. Villa LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France P. Sortais Polygon Physics, Grenoble, France
	LPSC is developing a new 5.8 GHz compact ion source to produce low charge state ion beams and study their capture in the PHOENIX charge breeder. The source was designed to meet criteria like stability, compactness and low cost. It is mounted on a DN200 iso K flange and is fully under vaccum during operation. The technology brings modularity to ease the development. It can operate up to 60 kV. The plasma is heated by a 100W solid state amplifier. The ECRIS produces 1 mA of H⁺ beam with 20W of HF and low charge state Argon ions. It was tested under several microwave and magnetic configurations on a test bench equipped with a mass spectrometer and diagnostics. Given its excellent performances, this source is being installed to drive the accelerator based neutron source, GENEPI 2, at LPSC. The developments of the source together with the results of the experiments will be presented. Future plans for this ion source will also be discussed. This work was supported by the ERA-NET NuPNET in the frame of the EMILIE project.
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WEPP15	Design, Construction and Commissioning of the New Superconducting Ion Source AISHa	ion, ECR, injection, MMI	109
	L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, F. Noto, G. Pastore, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	At INFN-LNS a new superconducting ECRIS named AISHa has been designed with the aim to provide highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility, also fulfilling the needs of hospital installations (e.g. L-He free, easy to use, etc.). It is a hybrid ion source based on a permanent magnet hexapole providing 1.3 T on plasma chamber walls, and four superconducting coils for the axial trapping. The axial magnetic system is very flexible in order to minimize the hot electron component and to optimize the ECR heating by controlling the field gradients and the resonance length. The design of the hexapole aimed to minimize the demagnetization due to SC coils. The magnetic system measurement confirmed the effectiveness of the adopted solutions. Innovative solutions have been also implemented as it concerns the RF system design. It will permit to operate in single/double frequency mode, supported by variable frequency high power klystron generators, thus exploiting at the same time the FTE Frequency Tuning Effect and the Two Frequency Heating. The source has been assembled at the INFN-LNS site and the commissioning phase already started.
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WEPP18	Innovative Mechanical Solutions for the Design of the High Intensity Proton Injector for the European Spallation Source	ion, extraction, vacuum, alignment	112
	G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The design of the 2.45 GHz, 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) has required on-purpose solutions in order to maximize the beam brightness, keeping a very high reliability figure. The mitigation of maintenance issues has been the main guideline through the design phase to maximize the MTBF and minimize the MTTR. The mechanical design has been based on advanced solutions in order to reduce as much as possible the venting time for the plasma chamber, to facilitate the replacement of extraction electrodes and/or plasma chamber, and to simplify any after-maintenance alignment procedure. The paper will describe the strategy which has driven the design phase, the solutions adopted to fulfil the project goals and the results of the assembly phase recently concluded at INFN-LNS with successful first plasma.
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WEPP32	Magnetic Field Design for 2.45 GHz Negative Hydrogen PMECRIS Chamber using FEM Simulation	ion, ECR, simulation, ECRIS	118
	C. Mallick, M. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Kumar, S.V. Tewari Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, India
	Funding: Institute For Plasma Research Negative hydrogen ECRIS plasma is confined by NdFeB permanent magnet antenna around cylindrical cavity wall. Measured axial and radial magnetic field is benchmarked with the simulated data. Four axially magnetized ring magnets of remanance flux density of 1.17T is simulated using bounded current ampere's law technique. Gradient of radial and axial magnetic flux density is calculated to estimate lighter ions leaking out of the plasma wall sheath region. The peak values of radial magnetic field gradient between plasma sheath region and cavity outer wall surface increases from 0.1x10⁷ A/m2 to -0.2x10⁷ A/m2 respectively. Axial magnetic field gradient along inner ECR chamber wall increases from -2.1x10⁷ A/m2 to 2.5x10⁷ A/m2 .ECR contour dimensions of 875 Gauss which corresponds to microwave plasma resonating frequency of 2.45GHz is of thickness ~1mm and having major and minor radius of 30mm and 28mm respectively.
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WEPP35	Four-Dimension Transverse Phase-Space Distribution Measured by a Pepper-Pot Emittance Meter	ion, emittance, ECR, injection	125
	T. Nagatomo, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, T. Nakagawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan J.W. Stetson NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA V. Tzoganis Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Four-dimensional (4-D) transverse emittance of the highly charged heavy ion beam extracted from ECR ion source is invariant under linear 4-D symplectic operation. Thus, it is essential quantity to improve the beam quality. Measurement of the 4-D phase-space distribution provides quantitative and essential information to improve the efficiency of beam transport. We have developed an on-line pepper-pot-type emittance meter, which is a suitable device to obtain the 4-D phase-space distribution from an image of beamlets passing through the well-aligned pinholes. The emittance meter consists of a thin metal plate with a pinhole array, which is translated along the beam axis, and an imaging screen (P46) with a MCP. We optimized the analysis procedure to obtain the distribution so that the elapsed time of the process was shortened as less than 1 second, and which was enough short for on-line measurements. We will discuss the quality of the obtained 4-D distribution by comparing it with the one obtained from a simulation. Further, we will also discuss how the gas pressure of LEBT affects the 4-D distribution to establish to improve the beam brightness.
	Poster WEPP35 [2.753 MB]
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WEPP40	Fast Sputtering Measurement Studies using Uranium with the NSCL ECR Ion Sources	ion, ECR, high-voltage, injection	129
	D.E. Neben, J. Fogleman, A.N. Pham, S. Renteria, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D. Leitner LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA G. Machicoane FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA G. Parsey MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA J.P. Verboncoeur Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Michigan State University and the National Science Foundation: NSF Award Number PHY-1415462 Existing heavy ion facilities such as the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University rely on Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources as injectors of highly charged ion beams. Long ion confinement times are necessary to produce dense populations of highly charged ions because of steadily decreasing ionization cross sections with increasing charge state. To further understand ion extraction and confinement we are using a fast sputtering technique first developed at Argonne National Laboratory [1] to introduce a small amount of uranium metal into the plasma at a well-defined time. In addition we utilize an axial x-ray apparatus [2] to characterize the hot electron plasma population via its bremsstrahlung emission. R. Vondrasek, et. Al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 548 (2002) *T. Ropponen, et. Al., Proceedings of ECRIS2010, Grenoble France (2010)
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WEPP41	Measurement of Microwave Frequencies Emitted by Instabilities of ECRIS Plasma with Waveguide Filters and Microwave Sensitive Diodes	ion, ECR, ECRIS, diagnostics	134
	J. Orpana, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Periodic emission of strong microwave bursts at certain frequencies is a characteristic feature of kinetic instabilities in ECRIS plasmas. Precise measurement of the temporally evolving microwave frequency spectra requires a high bandwidth oscilloscope, which can make the experiments prohibitively expensive to conduct. An alternative low-cost method to study the microwave emission in narrow frequency bands is to apply band-pass waveguide filters and microwave sensitive diodes. The microwave emission from the plasma of the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS has been studied with both methods. The results of the experiments are compared and their interpretation is discussed. It is demonstrated that the method based on filters and diodes can provide useful information about the microwave emission spectra induced by electron cyclotron instabilities.
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WEPP42	Investigation of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiated Argon Plasma under Magnetized Condition	ion, electron, ECR, ion-source	138
	C. Mallick, M. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Kumar, S.V. Tewari Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, India
	Funding: Institute for plasma research Compact microwave discharged ECRIS is one of the most popular devices for space propulsion and material processing .This work models microwave plasma coupling in 2D axis symmetric and investigates plasma parameters and modified electric field in plasma environment. A microwave field of the order of 1.3 x10⁵ V/m is obtained at the center of plasma chamber cavity for an input microwave power of 500W. Microwave radiated plasma has a maximum density of 9.04 x10¹⁶ / m3 after some microwave periods (0.01s).The steady state peak electron temperature is around 3eV under 1 mbar pressure of argon gas. Most of power deposition takes place on the ECR surface which is the 875G contour resonating with the electron frequency. Steady state argon plasma results show that beyond critical plasma density of 7.4x10¹⁶ / m3 most of the microwave power is deposited at the plasma edge.
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THAO01	Recent production of intense high charge ion beams with VENUS	ion, ECR, GUI, extraction	142
	D. Xie, J.Y. Benitez, C.M. Lyneis, D.S. Todd LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA W. Lu IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Several modifications have been made to the VENUS to enhance its performance at high microwave power and bring its performance closer to the levels predicted by scaling laws for 28 GHz operation. Two of these modifications improved its tolerance for operation at microwave power up to 10 kW. The cooling scheme on the plasma wall was improved to eliminate damage caused by localized electron heating. Similarly the extraction electrode was redesigned to transport away the electron heating more effectively. The third modification reduced the waveguide diameter, which launches the 28 GHz power into the plasma chamber. The source now runs efficiently at 10 kW of injected power with a more favorable magnetic field configuration. The production of intense highly charged ion beams with VENUS has been substantially enhanced. It has produced a number of record CW beams: 4.5 emA of O⁶⁺, 0.40 emA of Ar¹⁶⁺ and 0.06 emA of Ar¹⁷⁺ and for the first time the VENUS has produced more than 1 emA of Ar¹²⁺ and O⁷⁺. Source tuning is currently underway to explore the potential of VENUS and the overall improved source performance will be presented.
	Slides THAO01 [4.261 MB]
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOAO01

Scaling Laws in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

ion, ECR, electron, ECRIS

1

C.M. Lyneis
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

In the last 43 years, the performance of high charge state ECRIS has improved dramatically as a result of improvements to the magnetic field confinement, increases in the microwave heating frequency and techniques to stabilize the plasma at high densities. For example, in 1973 15 eμA of O⁶⁺ was produced in an ECRIS and now it is possible to produce as much as 4500 eμA. In this paper the parameters and performance of ECRIS are reviewed and compared to empirical scaling laws* to see what can be expected when fourth generation ECRIS begin to operate.
* Geller, Richard. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ECR plasmas. CRC Press, 1996, p 395

Slides MOAO01 [6.464 MB]

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MOCO01

Innovative Schemes of Plasma Heating for Future Multiply-Charged Ions Sources: Modeling and Experimental Investigation

ion, electron, ECR, diagnostics

14

D. Mascali, C. Altana, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, M. Mazzaglia, D. Nicolosi, R. Reitano, F.P. Romano, G. Sorbello, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Mazzaglia, R. Reitano
Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy
F.P. Romano
IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy
G. Sorbello
University of Catania, Catania, Italy

The application of plasma heating methods alternative to the direct Electron Cyclotron Resonance coupling, such as the Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW) heating, is already a reality in large-size thermonuclear reactors. These plasma waves give the unique opportunity to largely overcome the cutoff density. EBW heating in compact traps such as ECRIS devices is still a challenge, requiring advanced modelling and innovative diagnostics. At Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS), the off-ECR heating (driven by Bernstein waves) has produced a highly overdense plasma. Interferometric measurements say the electron density has overcome by a factor ten the cutoff density at 3.76 GHz. More advanced schemes of wave launching have been designed and implemented on the new test-bench called Flexible Plasma Trap, operating up to 7 GHz-0.5 T, in ﬂat/simple mirror/beach magnetic conﬁguration. The paper will give an overview about modal-conversion investigation by a theoretical and experimental point of view, including the description of the diagnostics developed to detect plasma emitted radiation in the RF, optical, soft-X and hard-X-ray domains.

Slides MOCO01 [13.465 MB]

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MOCO03

Cavity Tuning Experiments with the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS

ion, cavity, ECR, GUI

18

O.A. Tarvainen, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen, J. Orpana
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
V. Toivanen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Experimental results showing the effect of cavity tuning on oxygen beam currents extracted from the AECR-type JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS are reported. The microwave-plasma coupling properties of the ion source were adjusted by inserting a conducting tuner stub through the injection plug, thus changing the dimensions of the plasma chamber and affecting the cavity properties of the system. The beam currents of high charge state ions were observed to vary up to some tens of percent depending on the tuner position and the microwave frequency.

Slides MOCO03 [5.745 MB]

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MODO01

Structural Information on the ECR Plasma by X-ray Imaging

ion, ECR, ion-source, electron

30

R. Rácz, S. Biri
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
C. Caliri, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, F.P. Romano
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
J. Pálinkás
DU, Debrecen, Hungary
F.P. Romano
IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy

Precise knowledge on the density distribution of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source plasma is needed by several reasons: i) in order to possibly improve the quality parameters of the extracted ion beam (emittance, brightness) strongly linked to the plasma structure, ii) to correctly investigate the recently observed plasma instabilities and/or the implementation of alternative heating methods (e.g. modal conversion) iii) in order to improve the general microwave-to-plasma coupling efficiency, in view of a microwave-absorption oriented design of future ECRIS. The non-destructive spectroscopic diagnostic methods give information always corresponding to an integration over the whole plasma volume. X-ray imaging by pin-hole camera can partly overcome this limitation. We performed volumetric and space resolved X-ray measurements at the ATOMKI ECRIS operated at lower frequencies than usual. The experimental setup in detail and the methods how the working parameters were selected will be shown. The integrated and photon-counting analyses of the collected plasma images show a strong effect of the frequency and magnetic field on the plasma structure and local energy content.

Slides MODO01 [10.710 MB]

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MOFO01

SPIRAL1 Charge Breeder: Performances and Status

ion, experiment, injection, operation

35

L. Maunoury, O. Bajeat, C. Barthe-Dejean, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, A. Jeanne, O. Kamalou, P. Lecomte, O. Osmond, G. Peschard, A. Savalle
GANIL, Caen, France
J. Angot, T. Lamy, P. Sole
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

In the framework of the SPIRAL1 upgrade under progress at the GANIL lab, the charge breeder based on a LPSC Phoenix ECRIS, first tested at ISOLDE* has been modified as to benefit of the last enhancements of this device from the 1+ / n+ community**. Prior to its installation in the middle of the low energy beam line of the SPIRAL1 facility, it has been tested at the 1+/n+ LPSC test bench to validate its operation performances. Charge breeding efficiencies as well as charge breeding times have been measured for noble gases and alkali elements. The experimental results demonstrated that the modifications done were on the right track leading the SPIRAL1 charge breeder to the top worldwide in terms of performances. The experimental outcomes have proved the strong interrelationship between the charge breeding efficiency and the charge breeding times which are still under active discussion.
* P. Delahaye et al, Review of Scientific Instruments. 77, 03B105 (2006)
** R. Vondrasek et al, Review of Scientific Instruments 83 113303 (2012)

Slides MOFO01 [10.461 MB]

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TUAO01

The Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS): Installation and Commissioning at INFN-LNS

ion, proton, MMI, injection

39

L. Celona, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, M. Mazzaglia, L. Neri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra
Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy

A 2.45 GHz ' 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source has been designed and assembled at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) in order to produce pulsed beams of protons up to 74 mA nominal current, at 75 keV of energy, with a transverse emittance containing 99 % of the nominal proton current below 2.25 π mm mrad and a beam stability of ± 2 %. The challenging performances of the machine have triggered specific studies on the maximization of the proton fraction inside the plasma and of the overall plasma density, including dedicated modelling of the wave-to-plasma interaction and ionization processes. The plasma conditioning phase started in July and excellent RF to plasma coupling, more than 99.5% is evident since the beginning. Reflected power fluctuation less than 0.05 % was measured providing a great starting point to reach the beam stability requested by the ESS accelerator.

Slides TUAO01 [14.571 MB]

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TUAO04

SECRAL II Ion Source Development and the First Commissioning at 28 GHz

ion, ECR, ion-source, sextupole

43

L.T. Sun, X. Fang, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, H.Y. Ma, L.Z. Ma, Y.M. Ma, Z. Shen, W. Wu, T. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

SECRAL II ion source has been successfully designed and developed at IMP. This ion source is a 3rd generation ECR machine optimized for the operation at 28 GHz. As a second superconducting ECR ion source developed at IMP with the identical coldmass design as SECRAL ion source, which has the sextupole coils external to the axial solenoids, the magnet performance is more robust according the training test. After a short time beam test at 18 GHz, SECRAL II has been commissioned at 28 GHz, and some preliminary results have been achieved with high charge state ion beam production. This paper will present the magnet design and test results. The first beam at 28 GHz will also be given.

Slides TUAO04 [8.218 MB]

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TUAO05

First Plasma of the PHOENIX V3 ECR Ion Source

ion, MMI, ECR, injection

48

T. Thuillier, J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
J.L. Flambard, L. Maunoury
GANIL, Caen, France
T. Kalvas
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
C. Peaucelle
IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France

Funding: This project was partially funded by the EU Grant Agreement 283745.
PHOENIX V3 is an upgrade of the PHOENIX V2 ECR ion source granted by the European CRISP project. This new ECRIS features a larger plasma chamber and a re-duced vacuum pressure under operation. The V3 source will replace the V2 one on the SPIRAL2 accelerator in 2018. The first plasma of PHOENIX V3 was achieved on May 9th 2016. The early commissioning of the V3 source at low 18 GHz power demonstrates as expected an en-hancement of the high charge state production and Ar¹⁴⁺ intensity already exceeds the V2 one. Further enhance-ments are expected the outgassing will be achieved and the full RF power will be injected in the source.

Slides TUAO05 [7.050 MB]

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WEAO03

Practical Comparison of Two-Frequency Heating Phenomena in Different ECR Ion Sources

ion, ECR, ECRIS, experiment

55

A. Kitagawa
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
S. Biri, R. Rácz
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
Y. Kato
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
M. Muramatsu
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
W. Takasugi
AEC, Chiba, Japan

In order to improve highly-charged ion production from the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECRIS, our group has studied the mixture of two microwaves of which the frequencies were close together each. Our conclusion was that when an additional microwave is added to the primary microwave, the plasma stability is improved. The output current of the highly charged ion beam was proportional to the total power of both microwaves. The dependence on the additional frequency showed the fine structure. Since this structure depended on the magnetic field, vacuum pressure, and so on, the precise frequency adjustment for maximum output was required under each condition. Our interest is whether the above-mentioned phenomenon can be demonstrated using a different ion source where the two frequencies are even far from each other. We installed a 17.75-18.25 GHz microwave system in addition to the 14.3 GHz klystron amplifier of the ATOMKI ECRIS. Argon output currents at various values of the microwave power and frequency were studied. The dependence on the total power shows the similar tendency as at NIRS. The dependence on the additional frequency also shows the fine structure. Detailed data will be presented.

Slides WEAO03 [4.648 MB]

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WECO01

Intermediate Commissioning Results of the Required 140 mA/100 keV CW D⁺ ECR Injector of LIPAc, IFMIF's Prototype

ion, emittance, rfq, MMI

67

B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, R. Gobin, F. Senée
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
P.-Y. Beauvais, H. Dzitko
F4E, Germany
L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Bellan
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
P. Cara, R. Heidinger
Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
F. Harrault
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
R. Ichimiya, A. Ihara, A. Kasugai, T. Kitano, M. Komata, K. Kondo, K. Sakamoto, T. Shinya, M. Sugimoto
QST, Aomori, Japan
J. Knaster, A. Marqueta, K. Nishiyama, Y. Okumura, G. Pruneri, F. Scantamburlo
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan

The LIPAc accelerator aims to operate in Rokkasho Fusion Institute a 125 mA/CW deuteron beam at 9 MeV to validate the concept of IFMIF's accelerators that will operate in CW 125 mA at 40 MeV. The 2.45 GHz ECR injector developed by CEA-Saclay is designed to deliver 140 mA/100 keV CW D⁺ beam with 99% D⁺ fraction ratio. Its LEBT relies on a dual solenoid focusing system to transport and match the beam into the RFQ. The normalized RMS emittance at the RFQ injection cone is required to be within 0.25π mm·mrad to allow 96% transmission through the 9.81 m long RFQ. An equal perveance H⁺ beam of half current and half energy as nominal with D⁺ is used to avoid activation during commissioning. The injector commissioning at Rokkasho is divided into three phases to characterize the emittance between the two solenoids of the LEBT (A1) and just downstream the RFQ injection cone (A2) and the extraction system of the source (A3). Phase A1 has been achieved and phase A2 continues in 2016 in order to reach the required beam parameters and to match the beam into the RFQ. This paper reports the commissioning results of phase A1 and the intermediate ones of phase A2 for H⁺ and D⁺ beams.

Slides WECO01 [4.783 MB]

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WECO02

Development of a Compact High Intensity Ion Source for Light Ions at CEA-Saclay

ion, extraction, light-ion, high-voltage

73

O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, R. Gobin, O. Tuske
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Harrault
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

During the past 5 years, a R&D program has been launched to improve the beam quality of ECR 2.45 GHz high intensity light ion sources for high power accelerators. The main goal was to minimize the divergence and emittance growth of intense beams due to the space charge as early as possible on the low energy transfer line for a better injection in the second stage of acceleration (RFQ). This has been achieved by reducing the length of the extraction system, to be able to put the first solenoid as close as possible to the extraction aperture. This was performed with the ALISES concept (Advanced Light Ion Source Extraction System). Encouraging results have been obtained in 2012 but with limitations due to Penning discharges in the accelerating column. Taking advantages of ALISES geometry, intensive studies and simulations have been undertaken to eliminate the discharge phenomena. An Innovative and compact source geometry has been found and the source has been fabricated. This new prototype and its performances will be described, as well as magnetic field configuration studies and its influence on the extracted beam.
This source developed at Saclay is under patent number FR 15 56871 and this patent is pending

Slides WECO02 [35.894 MB]

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WEPP02

Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Injector of the Facility for Anti Proton and Ion Research at CEA-Saclay

ion, proton, solenoid, diagnostics

86

O. Tuske, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, N. Misiara, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, C. Simon
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Ameil, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
T.V. Vacher
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) located at GSI (Darmstadt) in Germany addresses several fields of physics research within a single installation. One of the contribution of Irfu/SACM at CEA-Saclay to the FAIR linear proton accelerator concerns the development and construction of the ion source and the low energy line. The 2.45 GHz microwave ion source will deliver a 100 mA H⁺ beam pulsed at 4 Hz with an energy of 95 keV. A low energy beam transport (LEBT) line based on a dual solenoids focusing scheme allows the injection of the proton beam into the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) within an acceptance of 0.3π mm.mrad (norm., rms). An electrostatic chopper system located between the second solenoid and the RFQ is used to cut the beam macro pulse from the source to inject 36 μs long beam pulses into the RFQ. This article reports the finalization of the installation of the injector with the detail of dedicated diagnostics, the first beam measurements and gives a planning of the different commissioning phases

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WEPP03

Never Run Your ECR Ion Source with Argon in Afterglow for 6 Months!

ion, operation, linac, extraction

89

D. Küchler, A.I. Michet, J.A.F. Somoza, V. Toivanen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The fixed target experiment NA61 in the North Area of the SPS at CERN studies phase transitions in strongly interacting matter using the primary beams available from the CERN accelerator complex (protons and lead ions). In order to explore a wider range of energies and densities a primary argon beam was requested for the physics run in 2015. The GTS-LHC ECR ion source was running for many months during 2013 and 2014 to study the source behaviour and to setup the accelerator chain with argon ions. This paper reports the long term effects of the argon operation on the GTS-LHC ion source and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Heavy sputtering inside the source caused a degradation of the plasma chamber and metal coating of insulators inside the beam extraction system. Iron ions could be found in the extracted beam. Also the pumping performance of ion getter pumps in the LEBT degraded significantly. Additional preventive maintenance was necessary to be able to run for long periods without risking serious damage to the ion source.

Poster WEPP03 [28.231 MB]

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WEPP05

Status Report on Metallic Beam Production at GANIL/SPIRAL 2

ion, ECR, ECRIS, ion-source

92

C. Barue, O. Bajeat, J.L. Flambard, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, N. Lechartier, F. Lemagnen, L. Maunoury, V. Metayer, O. Osmond
GANIL, Caen, France
C. Peaucelle
IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France
P. Sole, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

Primary ion beams from metallic elements are routinely produced at GANIL using ECR4 and ECR4M 'room temperature' ECR ion sources. Ionization efficiency measurements, partially presented in the past, are summarized in this report together with updated and new results obtained with Cd, Mo and Ta. Preliminary results for Ni and Ca obtained with the room temperature Phoenix-V2 ECR ion source, under commissioning for SPIRAL 2, are also included. These ionization efficiencies are compared according to the production methods: oven, sputtering, MIVOC, gaseous compounds. The presently SPIRAL 2 heavy ion injector designed for ions Q/A=1/3 shows clear limitations in terms of intensity for metallic ions with mass higher than 60 (intensity < 1 pμA). In order to choose the best ion source for a future Q/A=1/6, 1/7 injector, best world results have been compiled for different existing 'room temperature' and superconducting ECR ion sources.
# christophe.barue@ganil.fr

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WEPP08

Development of Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source with Pulse Gas Valve

ion, ion-source, ECR, proton

98

Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita, H. Tongu
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
M. Ichikawa
QST, Tokai, Japan
N. Miyawaki
QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan

Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source using permanent magnets is under development. A pulsed gas injection system achieved by a piezo gas valve can reduce the gas load to a vacuum evacuation system. This feature is suitable when the ion source is closely located to an RFQ. Results of a performance test will be presented.

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WEPP09

Development of a New Compact 5.8 GHz ECR Ion Source

ion, ECR, coupling, ion-source

101

J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole, T. Thuillier, F. Villa
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
P. Sortais
Polygon Physics, Grenoble, France

LPSC is developing a new 5.8 GHz compact ion source to produce low charge state ion beams and study their capture in the PHOENIX charge breeder. The source was designed to meet criteria like stability, compactness and low cost. It is mounted on a DN200 iso K flange and is fully under vaccum during operation. The technology brings modularity to ease the development. It can operate up to 60 kV. The plasma is heated by a 100W solid state amplifier. The ECRIS produces 1 mA of H⁺ beam with 20W of HF and low charge state Argon ions. It was tested under several microwave and magnetic configurations on a test bench equipped with a mass spectrometer and diagnostics. Given its excellent performances, this source is being installed to drive the accelerator based neutron source, GENEPI 2, at LPSC. The developments of the source together with the results of the experiments will be presented. Future plans for this ion source will also be discussed. This work was supported by the ERA-NET NuPNET in the frame of the EMILIE project.

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WEPP15

Design, Construction and Commissioning of the New Superconducting Ion Source AISHa

ion, ECR, injection, MMI

109

L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, F. Noto, G. Pastore, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

At INFN-LNS a new superconducting ECRIS named AISHa has been designed with the aim to provide highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility, also fulfilling the needs of hospital installations (e.g. L-He free, easy to use, etc.). It is a hybrid ion source based on a permanent magnet hexapole providing 1.3 T on plasma chamber walls, and four superconducting coils for the axial trapping. The axial magnetic system is very flexible in order to minimize the hot electron component and to optimize the ECR heating by controlling the field gradients and the resonance length. The design of the hexapole aimed to minimize the demagnetization due to SC coils. The magnetic system measurement confirmed the effectiveness of the adopted solutions. Innovative solutions have been also implemented as it concerns the RF system design. It will permit to operate in single/double frequency mode, supported by variable frequency high power klystron generators, thus exploiting at the same time the FTE Frequency Tuning Effect and the Two Frequency Heating. The source has been assembled at the INFN-LNS site and the commissioning phase already started.

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WEPP18

Innovative Mechanical Solutions for the Design of the High Intensity Proton Injector for the European Spallation Source

ion, extraction, vacuum, alignment

112

G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The design of the 2.45 GHz, 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) has required on-purpose solutions in order to maximize the beam brightness, keeping a very high reliability figure. The mitigation of maintenance issues has been the main guideline through the design phase to maximize the MTBF and minimize the MTTR. The mechanical design has been based on advanced solutions in order to reduce as much as possible the venting time for the plasma chamber, to facilitate the replacement of extraction electrodes and/or plasma chamber, and to simplify any after-maintenance alignment procedure. The paper will describe the strategy which has driven the design phase, the solutions adopted to fulfil the project goals and the results of the assembly phase recently concluded at INFN-LNS with successful first plasma.

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WEPP32

Magnetic Field Design for 2.45 GHz Negative Hydrogen PMECRIS Chamber using FEM Simulation

ion, ECR, simulation, ECRIS

118

C. Mallick, M. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Kumar, S.V. Tewari
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, India

Funding: Institute For Plasma Research
Negative hydrogen ECRIS plasma is confined by NdFeB permanent magnet antenna around cylindrical cavity wall. Measured axial and radial magnetic field is benchmarked with the simulated data. Four axially magnetized ring magnets of remanance flux density of 1.17T is simulated using bounded current ampere's law technique. Gradient of radial and axial magnetic flux density is calculated to estimate lighter ions leaking out of the plasma wall sheath region. The peak values of radial magnetic field gradient between plasma sheath region and cavity outer wall surface increases from 0.1x10⁷ A/m2 to -0.2x10⁷ A/m2 respectively. Axial magnetic field gradient along inner ECR chamber wall increases from -2.1x10⁷ A/m2 to 2.5x10⁷ A/m2 .ECR contour dimensions of 875 Gauss which corresponds to microwave plasma resonating frequency of 2.45GHz is of thickness ~1mm and having major and minor radius of 30mm and 28mm respectively.

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WEPP35

Four-Dimension Transverse Phase-Space Distribution Measured by a Pepper-Pot Emittance Meter

ion, emittance, ECR, injection

125

T. Nagatomo, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, T. Nakagawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
J.W. Stetson
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
V. Tzoganis
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Four-dimensional (4-D) transverse emittance of the highly charged heavy ion beam extracted from ECR ion source is invariant under linear 4-D symplectic operation. Thus, it is essential quantity to improve the beam quality. Measurement of the 4-D phase-space distribution provides quantitative and essential information to improve the efficiency of beam transport. We have developed an on-line pepper-pot-type emittance meter, which is a suitable device to obtain the 4-D phase-space distribution from an image of beamlets passing through the well-aligned pinholes. The emittance meter consists of a thin metal plate with a pinhole array, which is translated along the beam axis, and an imaging screen (P46) with a MCP. We optimized the analysis procedure to obtain the distribution so that the elapsed time of the process was shortened as less than 1 second, and which was enough short for on-line measurements. We will discuss the quality of the obtained 4-D distribution by comparing it with the one obtained from a simulation. Further, we will also discuss how the gas pressure of LEBT affects the 4-D distribution to establish to improve the beam brightness.

Poster WEPP35 [2.753 MB]

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WEPP40

Fast Sputtering Measurement Studies using Uranium with the NSCL ECR Ion Sources

ion, ECR, high-voltage, injection

129

D.E. Neben, J. Fogleman, A.N. Pham, S. Renteria, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D. Leitner
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
G. Machicoane
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
G. Parsey
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
J.P. Verboncoeur
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Michigan State University and the National Science Foundation: NSF Award Number PHY-1415462
Existing heavy ion facilities such as the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University rely on Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources as injectors of highly charged ion beams. Long ion confinement times are necessary to produce dense populations of highly charged ions because of steadily decreasing ionization cross sections with increasing charge state. To further understand ion extraction and confinement we are using a fast sputtering technique first developed at Argonne National Laboratory [1] to introduce a small amount of uranium metal into the plasma at a well-defined time. In addition we utilize an axial x-ray apparatus [2] to characterize the hot electron plasma population via its bremsstrahlung emission.
*R. Vondrasek, et. Al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 548 (2002)
**T. Ropponen, et. Al., Proceedings of ECRIS2010, Grenoble France (2010)

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WEPP41

Measurement of Microwave Frequencies Emitted by Instabilities of ECRIS Plasma with Waveguide Filters and Microwave Sensitive Diodes

ion, ECR, ECRIS, diagnostics

134

J. Orpana, T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, R.J. Kronholm, J.P. Laulainen, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
I. Izotov, D. Mansfeld, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Periodic emission of strong microwave bursts at certain frequencies is a characteristic feature of kinetic instabilities in ECRIS plasmas. Precise measurement of the temporally evolving microwave frequency spectra requires a high bandwidth oscilloscope, which can make the experiments prohibitively expensive to conduct. An alternative low-cost method to study the microwave emission in narrow frequency bands is to apply band-pass waveguide filters and microwave sensitive diodes. The microwave emission from the plasma of the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS has been studied with both methods. The results of the experiments are compared and their interpretation is discussed. It is demonstrated that the method based on filters and diodes can provide useful information about the microwave emission spectra induced by electron cyclotron instabilities.

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WEPP42

Investigation of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiated Argon Plasma under Magnetized Condition

ion, electron, ECR, ion-source

138

C. Mallick, M. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Kumar, S.V. Tewari
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, India

Funding: Institute for plasma research
Compact microwave discharged ECRIS is one of the most popular devices for space propulsion and material processing .This work models microwave plasma coupling in 2D axis symmetric and investigates plasma parameters and modified electric field in plasma environment. A microwave field of the order of 1.3 x10⁵ V/m is obtained at the center of plasma chamber cavity for an input microwave power of 500W. Microwave radiated plasma has a maximum density of 9.04 x10¹⁶ / m3 after some microwave periods (0.01s).The steady state peak electron temperature is around 3eV under 1 mbar pressure of argon gas. Most of power deposition takes place on the ECR surface which is the 875G contour resonating with the electron frequency. Steady state argon plasma results show that beyond critical plasma density of 7.4x10¹⁶ / m3 most of the microwave power is deposited at the plasma edge.

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THAO01

Recent production of intense high charge ion beams with VENUS

ion, ECR, GUI, extraction

142

D. Xie, J.Y. Benitez, C.M. Lyneis, D.S. Todd
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
W. Lu
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Several modifications have been made to the VENUS to enhance its performance at high microwave power and bring its performance closer to the levels predicted by scaling laws for 28 GHz operation. Two of these modifications improved its tolerance for operation at microwave power up to 10 kW. The cooling scheme on the plasma wall was improved to eliminate damage caused by localized electron heating. Similarly the extraction electrode was redesigned to transport away the electron heating more effectively. The third modification reduced the waveguide diameter, which launches the 28 GHz power into the plasma chamber. The source now runs efficiently at 10 kW of injected power with a more favorable magnetic field configuration. The production of intense highly charged ion beams with VENUS has been substantially enhanced. It has produced a number of record CW beams: 4.5 emA of O⁶⁺, 0.40 emA of Ar¹⁶⁺ and 0.06 emA of Ar¹⁷⁺ and for the first time the VENUS has produced more than 1 emA of Ar¹²⁺ and O⁷⁺. Source tuning is currently underway to explore the potential of VENUS and the overall improved source performance will be presented.

Slides THAO01 [4.261 MB]

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