ECRIS2016 - List of Keywords (electron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOAO01	Scaling Laws in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources	ion, ECR, plasma, ECRIS	1
	C.M. Lyneis LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	In the last 43 years, the performance of high charge state ECRIS has improved dramatically as a result of improvements to the magnetic field confinement, increases in the microwave heating frequency and techniques to stabilize the plasma at high densities. For example, in 1973 15 eμA of O⁶⁺ was produced in an ECRIS and now it is possible to produce as much as 4500 eμA. In this paper the parameters and performance of ECRIS are reviewed and compared to empirical scaling laws* to see what can be expected when fourth generation ECRIS begin to operate. * Geller, Richard. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ECR plasmas. CRC Press, 1996, p 395
	Slides MOAO01 [6.464 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MOAO01
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOCO01	Innovative Schemes of Plasma Heating for Future Multiply-Charged Ions Sources: Modeling and Experimental Investigation	ion, plasma, ECR, diagnostics	14
	D. Mascali, C. Altana, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, M. Mazzaglia, D. Nicolosi, R. Reitano, F.P. Romano, G. Sorbello, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M. Mazzaglia, R. Reitano Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy F.P. Romano IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy G. Sorbello University of Catania, Catania, Italy
	The application of plasma heating methods alternative to the direct Electron Cyclotron Resonance coupling, such as the Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW) heating, is already a reality in large-size thermonuclear reactors. These plasma waves give the unique opportunity to largely overcome the cutoff density. EBW heating in compact traps such as ECRIS devices is still a challenge, requiring advanced modelling and innovative diagnostics. At Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS), the off-ECR heating (driven by Bernstein waves) has produced a highly overdense plasma. Interferometric measurements say the electron density has overcome by a factor ten the cutoff density at 3.76 GHz. More advanced schemes of wave launching have been designed and implemented on the new test-bench called Flexible Plasma Trap, operating up to 7 GHz-0.5 T, in ﬂat/simple mirror/beach magnetic conﬁguration. The paper will give an overview about modal-conversion investigation by a theoretical and experimental point of view, including the description of the diagnostics developed to detect plasma emitted radiation in the RF, optical, soft-X and hard-X-ray domains.
	Slides MOCO01 [13.465 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MOCO01
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOCO04	Recent Bremsstrahlung Measurements from the Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source VENUS	ion, ECR, extraction, detector	23
	J.Y. Benitez, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, D.S. Todd, D. Xie LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Axial bremsstrahlung from the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source VENUS have been systematically measured as a function of RF heating frequency, and the axial and radial field strengths. The work focuses on bremsstrahlung with energies greater than 10 keV to extract the spectral temperature Ts. The three axial coils and the radial coils in the superconducting VENUS can all be set independently and have a large dynamic range, which makes it possible to decouple Bmin and Bgrad and study their effects on the bremsstrahlung independently. With typical pressure and RF power levels, the measurements show that Ts depends approximately linearly on Bmin and is not correlated with the ∇BECR, the magnetic field mirror ratios or the RF frequency. These results are important for the next generation of ECR ion sources, which are designed to operate at frequencies above 40 GHz and significantly higher magnetic fields where bremsstrahlung is expected to cause a significant cryogenic heat load and increase the radiation shielding requirements.
	Slides MOCO04 [5.268 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MOCO04
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MODO01	Structural Information on the ECR Plasma by X-ray Imaging	ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source	30
	R. Rácz, S. Biri ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary C. Caliri, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, F.P. Romano INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy J. Pálinkás DU, Debrecen, Hungary F.P. Romano IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy
	Precise knowledge on the density distribution of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source plasma is needed by several reasons: i) in order to possibly improve the quality parameters of the extracted ion beam (emittance, brightness) strongly linked to the plasma structure, ii) to correctly investigate the recently observed plasma instabilities and/or the implementation of alternative heating methods (e.g. modal conversion) iii) in order to improve the general microwave-to-plasma coupling efficiency, in view of a microwave-absorption oriented design of future ECRIS. The non-destructive spectroscopic diagnostic methods give information always corresponding to an integration over the whole plasma volume. X-ray imaging by pin-hole camera can partly overcome this limitation. We performed volumetric and space resolved X-ray measurements at the ATOMKI ECRIS operated at lower frequencies than usual. The experimental setup in detail and the methods how the working parameters were selected will be shown. The integrated and photon-counting analyses of the collected plasma images show a strong effect of the frequency and magnetic field on the plasma structure and local energy content.
	Slides MODO01 [10.710 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MODO01
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEBO01	An ECRIS Facility for Investigating Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysical Plasmas	ion, target, experiment, ECR	59
	M. Kreller, C. Baumgart, G. Zschornack DREEBIT, Dresden, Germany K. Czerski, M. Kaczmarski, N. Targosz-Ślęczka University of Szczecin, Institute of Physics, Szczecin, Poland A. Huke, G. Ruprecht, D. Weißbach IFK Berlin, Berlin, Germany G. Zschornack Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany
	Nuclear reactions at low energies can be strongly enhanced due to screening of the Coulomb barrier by the surrounding electrons. This effect was studied for the deuteron fusion reactions taking place in metallic environments as a model for dense astrophysical plasmas. Experimentally determined screening energies corresponding to the reduction of the Coulomb barrier height are much larger than the theoretical predictions. One possible explanation is the excitation of a hypothetical threshold resonance in the 4He nucleus. As the energy dependence of the resonant reaction cross section differs to that of the electron screening effect, one can distinguish between both processes expanding measurements down to the deuteron energies of 1keV. A novel ion accelerator was implemented at the University of Szczecin. Ions are produced by a Dresden ECRIS-2.45M as a high-current, low-Z ion source. The following beam line is designed to work on HV potential for decelerating ions below a kinetic energy of 1keV and combined with a ultra-high vacuum target chamber to reduce target impurities. The ion irradiation facility as well as first experimental results are described and discussed.
	Slides WEBO01 [6.711 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-WEBO01
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPP42	Investigation of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiated Argon Plasma under Magnetized Condition	ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source	138
	C. Mallick, M. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Kumar, S.V. Tewari Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, India
	Funding: Institute for plasma research Compact microwave discharged ECRIS is one of the most popular devices for space propulsion and material processing .This work models microwave plasma coupling in 2D axis symmetric and investigates plasma parameters and modified electric field in plasma environment. A microwave field of the order of 1.3 x10⁵ V/m is obtained at the center of plasma chamber cavity for an input microwave power of 500W. Microwave radiated plasma has a maximum density of 9.04 x10¹⁶ / m3 after some microwave periods (0.01s).The steady state peak electron temperature is around 3eV under 1 mbar pressure of argon gas. Most of power deposition takes place on the ECR surface which is the 875G contour resonating with the electron frequency. Steady state argon plasma results show that beyond critical plasma density of 7.4x10¹⁶ / m3 most of the microwave power is deposited at the plasma edge.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-WEPP42
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOAO01

Scaling Laws in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

ion, ECR, plasma, ECRIS

1

C.M. Lyneis
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

In the last 43 years, the performance of high charge state ECRIS has improved dramatically as a result of improvements to the magnetic field confinement, increases in the microwave heating frequency and techniques to stabilize the plasma at high densities. For example, in 1973 15 eμA of O⁶⁺ was produced in an ECRIS and now it is possible to produce as much as 4500 eμA. In this paper the parameters and performance of ECRIS are reviewed and compared to empirical scaling laws* to see what can be expected when fourth generation ECRIS begin to operate.
* Geller, Richard. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ECR plasmas. CRC Press, 1996, p 395

Slides MOAO01 [6.464 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MOAO01

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOCO01

Innovative Schemes of Plasma Heating for Future Multiply-Charged Ions Sources: Modeling and Experimental Investigation

ion, plasma, ECR, diagnostics

14

D. Mascali, C. Altana, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, M. Mazzaglia, D. Nicolosi, R. Reitano, F.P. Romano, G. Sorbello, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Mazzaglia, R. Reitano
Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy
F.P. Romano
IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy
G. Sorbello
University of Catania, Catania, Italy

The application of plasma heating methods alternative to the direct Electron Cyclotron Resonance coupling, such as the Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW) heating, is already a reality in large-size thermonuclear reactors. These plasma waves give the unique opportunity to largely overcome the cutoff density. EBW heating in compact traps such as ECRIS devices is still a challenge, requiring advanced modelling and innovative diagnostics. At Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS), the off-ECR heating (driven by Bernstein waves) has produced a highly overdense plasma. Interferometric measurements say the electron density has overcome by a factor ten the cutoff density at 3.76 GHz. More advanced schemes of wave launching have been designed and implemented on the new test-bench called Flexible Plasma Trap, operating up to 7 GHz-0.5 T, in ﬂat/simple mirror/beach magnetic conﬁguration. The paper will give an overview about modal-conversion investigation by a theoretical and experimental point of view, including the description of the diagnostics developed to detect plasma emitted radiation in the RF, optical, soft-X and hard-X-ray domains.

Slides MOCO01 [13.465 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MOCO01

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOCO04

Recent Bremsstrahlung Measurements from the Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source VENUS

ion, ECR, extraction, detector

23

J.Y. Benitez, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, D.S. Todd, D. Xie
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Axial bremsstrahlung from the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source VENUS have been systematically measured as a function of RF heating frequency, and the axial and radial field strengths. The work focuses on bremsstrahlung with energies greater than 10 keV to extract the spectral temperature Ts. The three axial coils and the radial coils in the superconducting VENUS can all be set independently and have a large dynamic range, which makes it possible to decouple Bmin and Bgrad and study their effects on the bremsstrahlung independently. With typical pressure and RF power levels, the measurements show that Ts depends approximately linearly on Bmin and is not correlated with the ∇BECR, the magnetic field mirror ratios or the RF frequency. These results are important for the next generation of ECR ion sources, which are designed to operate at frequencies above 40 GHz and significantly higher magnetic fields where bremsstrahlung is expected to cause a significant cryogenic heat load and increase the radiation shielding requirements.

Slides MOCO04 [5.268 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MOCO04

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MODO01

Structural Information on the ECR Plasma by X-ray Imaging

ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source

30

R. Rácz, S. Biri
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
C. Caliri, G. Castro, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, F.P. Romano
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
J. Pálinkás
DU, Debrecen, Hungary
F.P. Romano
IBAM-CNR, Catania, Italy

Precise knowledge on the density distribution of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source plasma is needed by several reasons: i) in order to possibly improve the quality parameters of the extracted ion beam (emittance, brightness) strongly linked to the plasma structure, ii) to correctly investigate the recently observed plasma instabilities and/or the implementation of alternative heating methods (e.g. modal conversion) iii) in order to improve the general microwave-to-plasma coupling efficiency, in view of a microwave-absorption oriented design of future ECRIS. The non-destructive spectroscopic diagnostic methods give information always corresponding to an integration over the whole plasma volume. X-ray imaging by pin-hole camera can partly overcome this limitation. We performed volumetric and space resolved X-ray measurements at the ATOMKI ECRIS operated at lower frequencies than usual. The experimental setup in detail and the methods how the working parameters were selected will be shown. The integrated and photon-counting analyses of the collected plasma images show a strong effect of the frequency and magnetic field on the plasma structure and local energy content.

Slides MODO01 [10.710 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-MODO01

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEBO01

An ECRIS Facility for Investigating Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysical Plasmas

ion, target, experiment, ECR

59

M. Kreller, C. Baumgart, G. Zschornack
DREEBIT, Dresden, Germany
K. Czerski, M. Kaczmarski, N. Targosz-Ślęczka
University of Szczecin, Institute of Physics, Szczecin, Poland
A. Huke, G. Ruprecht, D. Weißbach
IFK Berlin, Berlin, Germany
G. Zschornack
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Dresden, Germany

Nuclear reactions at low energies can be strongly enhanced due to screening of the Coulomb barrier by the surrounding electrons. This effect was studied for the deuteron fusion reactions taking place in metallic environments as a model for dense astrophysical plasmas. Experimentally determined screening energies corresponding to the reduction of the Coulomb barrier height are much larger than the theoretical predictions. One possible explanation is the excitation of a hypothetical threshold resonance in the 4He nucleus. As the energy dependence of the resonant reaction cross section differs to that of the electron screening effect, one can distinguish between both processes expanding measurements down to the deuteron energies of 1keV. A novel ion accelerator was implemented at the University of Szczecin. Ions are produced by a Dresden ECRIS-2.45M as a high-current, low-Z ion source. The following beam line is designed to work on HV potential for decelerating ions below a kinetic energy of 1keV and combined with a ultra-high vacuum target chamber to reduce target impurities. The ion irradiation facility as well as first experimental results are described and discussed.

Slides WEBO01 [6.711 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-WEBO01

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPP42

Investigation of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiated Argon Plasma under Magnetized Condition

ion, plasma, ECR, ion-source

138

C. Mallick, M. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Kumar, S.V. Tewari
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, India

Funding: Institute for plasma research
Compact microwave discharged ECRIS is one of the most popular devices for space propulsion and material processing .This work models microwave plasma coupling in 2D axis symmetric and investigates plasma parameters and modified electric field in plasma environment. A microwave field of the order of 1.3 x10⁵ V/m is obtained at the center of plasma chamber cavity for an input microwave power of 500W. Microwave radiated plasma has a maximum density of 9.04 x10¹⁶ / m3 after some microwave periods (0.01s).The steady state peak electron temperature is around 3eV under 1 mbar pressure of argon gas. Most of power deposition takes place on the ECR surface which is the 875G contour resonating with the electron frequency. Steady state argon plasma results show that beyond critical plasma density of 7.4x10¹⁶ / m3 most of the microwave power is deposited at the plasma edge.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-WEPP42

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)