JACoW is a publisher in Geneva, Switzerland that publishes the proceedings of accelerator conferences held around the world by an international collaboration of editors.
@inproceedings{hagmann:ipac2022-tupost023,
author = {G. Hagmann and P. Baudrenghien and J. Egli and A. Spierer and M. Sumiński and T. Włostowski},
title = {{The CERN SPS Low level RF: The Cavity-Controller}},
booktitle = {Proc. IPAC'22},
% booktitle = {Proc. 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC'22)},
pages = {903--906},
eid = {TUPOST023},
language = {english},
keywords = {cavity, controls, LLRF, feedback, proton},
venue = {Bangkok, Thailand},
series = {International Particle Accelerator Conference},
number = {13},
publisher = {JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland},
month = {07},
year = {2022},
issn = {2673-5490},
isbn = {978-3-95450-227-1},
doi = {10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST023},
url = {https://jacow.org/ipac2022/papers/tupost023.pdf},
abstract = {{This paper is the second of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) upgrade. It covers the 200MHz Cavity-Controller part, that is responsible for the regulation of the accelerating field in a single SPS cavity. When the SPS is used as Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proton injector, the issue is the high beam loading that must be compensated to guarantee longitudinal stability and constant parameters over the bunch train. That calls for strong One-Turn Delay Feedback (OTFB) and Feed-Forward (FFWD). The SPS is also accelerating Lead ions (Pb). There the issue is Frequency-Modulation (FM) and Amplitude-Modulation (AM) over the turn (so called Fixed Frequency Acceleration - FFA) plus RF gymnastics for the new ions slip-stacking. The paper reviews the functional requirements, presents the block diagram, then gives details on the signal processing, firmware and hardware. Finally results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021).}},
}