ICALEPCS2021 - List of Keywords (electron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOBR01	ROMULUSLib: An Autonomous, TCP/IP-Based, Multi-Architecture C Networking Library for DAQ and Control Applications	radiation, controls, monitoring, SCADA	69
	A. Yadav, H. Boukabache, K. Ceesay-Seitz, N. Gerber, D. Perrin CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The new generation of Radiation Monitoring electronics developed at CERN, called the CERN RadiatiOn Monitoring Electronics (CROME), is a Zynq-7000 SoC-based Data Acquisition and Control system that replaces the previous generation to offer a higher safety standard, flexible integration and parallel communication with devices installed throughout the CERN complex. A TCP/IP protocol based C networking library, ROMULUSlib, was developed that forms the interface between CROME and the SCADA supervision software through the ROMULUS protocol. ROMULUSlib encapsulates Real-Time and Historical data, parameters and acknowledgement data in TCP/IP frames that offers high reliability and flexibility, full-duplex communication with the CROME devices and supports multi-architecture development by utilization of the POSIX standard. ROMULUSlib is autonomous as it works as a standalone library that can support integration with supervision applications by addition or modification of parameters of the data frame. This paper discusses the ROMULUS protocol, the ROMULUS Data frame and the complete set of commands and parameters implemented in the ROMULUSlib for CROME supervision.
	Slides MOBR01 [4.040 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-MOBR01
About •	Received ※ 11 October 2021 Revised ※ 18 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 December 2021 Issue date ※ 09 March 2022
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MOPV011	The Inclusion of White Rabbit into the Global Industry Standard IEEE 1588	network, hardware, operation, framework	126
	M.M. Lipiński CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	White Rabbit (WR) is the first CERN-born technology that has been incorporated into a global industry standard governed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP). This showcase of technology transfer has been beneficial to both the standard and to WR technology. For the standard, it has allowed the PTP synchronisation performance to be increased by several orders of magnitude, opening new markets and opportunities for PTP implementers. While for WR technology, the review during its standardisation and its adoption by industry makes it future-proof and drives down prices of the WR hardware that is widely used in scientific installations. This article provides an insight into the 7-year-long WR standardisation process, describing its motivation, benefits, costs and the final result. After a short introduction to WR, it describes the process of reviewing, generalising and translating it into an IEEE standard. Finally, it retrospectively evaluates this process in terms of efforts and benefits to conclude that basing new technologies on standards and extending them bears short-term costs that bring long-term benefits.
	Poster MOPV011 [1.283 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-MOPV011
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2021 Accepted ※ 03 November 2021 Issue date ※ 15 February 2022
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MOPV018	Linac-200 Gun Control System: Status and Plans	controls, gun, linac, electronics	161
	M.A. Nozdrin, V.V. Kobets, V.F. Minashkin, A. Trifonov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Due to the development of the global Tango-based control system for Linac-200 accelerator, the new electron gun control system software was developed. Major gun electronics modification is foreseen. Current gun control system status and modification plans are reported.
	Poster MOPV018 [1.308 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-MOPV018
About •	Received ※ 09 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 04 November 2021 Issue date ※ 03 March 2022
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TUAL03	R&D Studies for the Atlas Tile Calorimeter Daughterboard	FPGA, radiation, detector, electronics	290
	E. Valdes Santurio, K.E. Dunne, S. Lee FYSIKUM, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden C. Bohm, H. Motzkau, S.B. Silverstein Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
	The ATLAS Hadronic Calorimeter DaughterBoard (DB) interfaces the on-detector with the off-detector electronics. The DB features two 4.6 Gbps downlinks and two pairs of 9.6 Gbps uplinks powered by four SFP+ Optical transceivers. The downlinks receive configuration commands and LHC timing to be propagated to the front-end, and the uplinks transmit continuous high-speed readout of digitized PMT samples, detector control system and monitoring data. The design minimizes single points of failure and mitigates radiation damage by means of a double-redundant scheme. To mitigate Single Event Upset rates, Xilinx Soft Error Mitigation and Triple Mode Redundancy are used. Reliability in the high speed links is achieve by adopting Cyclic Redundancy Check in the uplinks and Forward Error Correction in the downlinks. The DB features a dedicated Single Event Latch-up protection circuitry that power-cycles the board in the case of any over-current event avoiding any possible hardware damages. We present a summary of the studies performed to verify the reliability if the performance of the DB revision 6, and the radiation qualification tests of the components used for the design.
	Slides TUAL03 [4.675 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUAL03
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 20 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 03 January 2022
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TUAR03	The Control System of the Linac-200 Electron Accelerator at JINR	controls, TANGO, linac, software	302
	A. Trifonov, M. Gostkin, V.V. Kobets, M.A. Nozdrin, A. Zhemchugov, P.P. Zhuravlyov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The linear accelerator Linac-200 at JINR is constructed to provide electron test beams with energy up to 200 MeV to carry out particle detector R&D, to perform studies of advanced methods of beam diagnostics, and to work as an irradiation facility for applied research. While the accelerator largely reuses refurbished parts of the MEA accelerator from NIKHEF, the accelerator control system is completely redesigned. A new distributed control system has been developed using the Tango toolkit. The key subsystems of the accelerator (including focusing and steering magnets control, vacuum control system, synchronization system, electron gun control system, precise temperature regulation system) were redesigned or deeply modernized. This report presents the design and the current status of the control system of the Linac-200 machine.
	Slides TUAR03 [1.449 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUAR03
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 16 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 27 December 2021
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TUBR03	Control System for 6 MeV Linear Accelerator at LINAC Project PINSTECH	controls, linac, EPICS, interface	348
	N.U. Saqib, M. Ajmal, A. Majid, D.A. Nawaz, F. Sher, A. Tanvir PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan
	At LINAC Project PINSTECH, 6 MeV electron linear accelerator prototypes are being developed for medical as well as industrial purposes. Control system of the linear accelerators is a distributed control system mainly comprised of EPICS and PLCs. Graphical User Interface (GUI) are developed using Phoebus Control System Studio (CSS) and Siemens WinCC Advanced software. This paper focuses on design, development and implementation of accelerator control system for various subsystems such as RF, vacuum, cooling as well as safety subsystems. The current status of the control system and services is presented.
	Slides TUBR03 [7.940 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUBR03
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 16 October 2021 Accepted ※ 24 November 2021 Issue date ※ 22 December 2021
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TUPV019	Control System for 30 keV Electron Gun Test Facility	controls, gun, PLC, experiment	433
	D.A. Nawaz, M. Ajmal, A. Majid, N.U. Saqib, F. Sher PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan
	At LINAC Project PINSTECH, an electron gun test facility for indigenously developed 30 keV electron guns is developed to control and monitor various beam parameters by performing electron beam tests and diagnostics. After successful testing, electron gun is then integrated into 6 MeV standing wave linear accelerator. This paper presents the control system design and development for the facility.
	Poster TUPV019 [1.468 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV019
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 09 December 2021
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TUPV020	Automatic RF and Electron Gun Filament Conditioning Systems for 6 MeV LINAC	vacuum, cavity, controls, gun	437
	A. Majid, D.A. Nawaz, N.U. Saqib, F. Sher PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan
	RF conditioning of vacuum windows and RF cavities is a necessary task for eliminating poor vacuum caused by outgassing and contamination. Also, startup and shutdown process of linear accelerator requires gradual increase and decrease of electron gun filament voltage to avoid damage to the filament. This paper presents an EPICS based multi-loop automatic RF conditioning system and Electron Gun filament conditioning system for Klystron based 6 MeV Linear Accelerator.
	Poster TUPV020 [1.822 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV020
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 17 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 26 December 2021
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TUPV025	Control System of Upgraded High Voltage for Atlas Tile Calorimeter	controls, detector, software, interface	443
	F. Martins, F.M.O. Cuim, G.G. Evans, R.P. Fernandez, A. Gomes, L. Gurriana LIP, Lisboa, Portugal J.A. Soares Augusto FCUL, Lisboa, Portugal
	The preparation of the upgrade of the ATLAS electronics for the High Luminosity LHC is in full swing. The Tile Calorimeter is preparing the upgrade of its readout electronics and power distribution systems. One of such systems is the High Voltage (HV) regulation and distribution system. The new system is based on HVRemote boards mounted in crates located at the counting room. The HV will be delivered to the on-detector electronics using 100 m long cables. The crates will be equipped with a system-on-chip that will be responsible for the control and monitoring of the HV boards. The control of the HVRemote and its dedicated HVSupply boards is done by means of a serial peripheral interface bus. A SCADA component is under development to communicate with and supervise the crates and boards, and to integrate the HV system in the control system of the detector. The control system will be able to send notifications to the operators when the monitored values are out of range, archive the monitored data and if required, perform automated actions.
	Poster TUPV025 [1.590 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV025
About •	Received ※ 15 October 2021 Revised ※ 17 November 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 February 2022
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TUPV027	EPICS DAQ System for Beam Position Monitor at the KOMAC Linac and Beamlines	linac, EPICS, controls, electronics	447
	Y.G. Song, S.Y. Cho, J.H. Kim KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
	The KOMAC facility consists of low-energy component, including a 50-keV ion source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT), a 3-MeV radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and a 20-MeV drift tube linac (DTL), as well as high-energy components, including seven DTL tanks for the 100-MeV proton beam. The KOMAC has been operating 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beam lines to provide proton beams for various applications. Approximately 20 stripline beam position monitors (BPMs) have been installed in KOMAC linac and beamlines. A data-acquisition (DAQ) system has been developed with various platforms in order to monitor beam position signals from linac and beamlines. This paper describes the hardware and software system and test results.
	Poster TUPV027 [1.590 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV027
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 03 December 2021
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TUPV032	Challenges of Automating the Photocathode Fabrication Process at CERN	controls, cathode, power-supply, laser	464
	C. Charrondière, E. Chevallay, T. Zilliox CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN Photoemission Laboratory was founded in 1989 with the goal of studying laser-driven electron sources, for producing high-brightness electron beams within the framework of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study. To produce these photocathodes, two processes run in parallel. The first process, which is slow and asynchronous, controls and monitors the evaporation of photoemissive material. For this first step several power supplies are controlled to evaporate different metals through the Joule effect, with the power maintained constant in time and the thickness deposited monitored. The second process is synchronized with a laser trigger ranging from 0.1 to 50Hz, where the photocurrent and laser energy are measured to calculate the Quantum Efficiency. The control system for these processes has recently been renovated to benefit from the modularity of a PXI-based real-time environment using the standard CERN MiddleWare communication layer (CMW). This paper describes the challenges of the fabrication process as well as the flexibility introduced by using a PXI system.
	Poster TUPV032 [0.958 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV032
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 18 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 01 December 2021
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TUPV039	A Reliable Monitoring and Control System for Vacuum Surface Treatments	laser, controls, software, hardware	492
	J. Tagg, E. Bez, M. Himmerlich, A.K. Reascos Portilla CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Secondary electron yield (SEY) of beam-screens in the LHC puts limits on the performance of the accelerator. To ramp up the luminosity for the HiLumi LHC project, the vacuum surface coatings team are coming up with ways to treat the surfaces to control the electron cloud and bring the SEY down to acceptable levels. These treatments can take days to weeks and need to work reliably to be sure the surfaces are not damaged. An embedded control and monitoring system based on a CompactRIO is being developed to run these processes in a reliable way. This paper describes the techniques used to create a LabVIEW-based real-time embedded system that is reliable as well as easy to read and modify. We will show how simpler approaches can in some situations yield better solutions.
	Poster TUPV039 [0.504 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV039
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 18 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 March 2022
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WEBL05	FAIR Meets EMIL: Principles in Practice	experiment, database, software, GUI	574
	G. Günther, M. Bär, N. Greve, R. Krahl, M. Kubin, O. Mannix, W. Smith, S. Vadilonga, R. Wilks HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) form a set of principles required to ready information for computational exploitation. The Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL) at BESSY II, with its unique analytical instrumentation in direct combination with an industrially-relevant deposition tool, is in the final phase of commissioning. It provides an ideal testbed to ensure workflows are developed around the FAIR principles; enhancing usability for both human and machine agents. FAIR indicators are applied to assess compliance with the principles on an experimental workflow realized using Bluesky. Additional metadata collection by integrating an instrument PID, an electronic laboratory book, and a sample tracking system is considered along with staff training. Data are collected in Nexus format and made available in the ICAT repository. This paper reports on experiences, problems overcome, and areas still in need of improvement in future perspectives.
	Slides WEBL05 [0.953 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEBL05
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 24 February 2022
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WEBR04	Safeguarding Large Particle Accelerator Research Facility- A Multilayer Distributed Control Architecture	PLC, controls, linac, radiation	596
	F. Tao SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Personnel Protection System (PPS) at SLAC is a global safety system responsible for protecting personnel from radiation hazards. The system’s functional design shares similar concepts with machinery safeguarding, though the complexity of PPS is much higher due to its wide geographic distribution, large numbers of devices, and multiple sources of hazards. In this paper, we will first introduce the multilayer distributed control system architecture of SLAC’s PPS, which serves three beam programs, e.g., LCLS, LCLS-II and FACET-II, that exist in the same 4km linear accelerator infrastructure. Composed of 50+ sets of redundant safety PLCs and 20+ access control PLCs, SLAC’s PPS has five layers: beam program, beam switching and permit, zone access control, zone safety control and sensor/shutoff subsystems. With this architecture, safety functions often involve multiple controllers across several layers, make it a challenge on system analysis, design, and testing. Therefore, in this paper, we will also discuss SIL verification, and PPS’s functional safety related issues for this type of complex systems.
	Slides WEBR04 [1.322 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEBR04
About •	Received ※ 15 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 21 December 2021
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WEPV003	The Dynamic Modeling and the Control Architecture of the New High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM-Lite) for Sirius/LNLS	controls, experiment, feedback, synchrotron	619
	G.S. de Albuquerque, J.L. Brito Neto, R.R. Geraldes, M.A.L. Moraes, A.V. Perna, M. Saveri Silva, M.S. Souza LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
	Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) The High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM) has been developed since 2015 at Sirius/LNLS with an innovative high-bandwidth mechatronic architecture to reach the unprecedented target of 10 nrad RMS (1 Hz - 2.5 kHz) in crystals parallelism also during energy flyscans. Now, for beamlines requiring a smaller energy range (3.1 to 43 keV, as compared to 2.3 to 72 keV), there is the opportunity to adapt the existing design towards the so-called HD-DCM-Lite. The control architecture of the HD-DCM is kept, reaching a 20 kHz control rate in NI’s CompactRIO (cRIO). Yet, the smaller gap stroke between crystals allows for removing the long-stroke mechanism and reducing the main inertia by a factor 6, not only simplifying the dynamics of the system, but also enabling faster energy scans. With sinusoidal scans of hundreds of eV up to 20 Hz, this creates an unparalleled bridge between slow step-scan DCMs, and channel-cut quick-EXAFS monochromators. This work presents the dynamic error budgeting and scanning perspectives for the HD-DCM-Lite, including feedback controller design options via loop shaping, feedforward considerations, and leader-follower control strategies.
	Poster WEPV003 [1.521 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV003
About •	Received ※ 13 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 26 December 2021
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WEPV007	Machine Learning Projects at the 1.5-GeV Synchroton Light Source DELTA	controls, storage-ring, injection, synchrotron	631
	D. Schirmer, A. Althaus, S. Hüser, S. Khan, T. Schüngel DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
	In recent years, several machine learning (ML) based projects have been developed to support automated monitoring and operation of the DELTA electron storage ring facility. This includes self-regulating global and local orbit correction of the stored electron beam, betatron tune feedback as well as electron transfer rate (injection) optimization. Furthermore, the implementation for a ML-based chromaticity control is currently prepared. Some of these processes were initially simulated and then successfully transferred to real machine operation. This report provides an overview of the current status of these projects.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV007
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 02 February 2022
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WEPV010	R&D of the KEK Linac Accelerator Tuning Using Machine Learning	injection, linac, network, operation	640
	A. Hisano, M. Iwasaki OCU, Osaka, Japan H. Nagahara, Y. Nakashima, N. Takemura Osaka University, Institute for Datability Science, Oasaka, Japan T. Nakano RCNP, Osaka, Japan I. Satake, M. Satoh KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	We have developed a machine-learning-based operation tuning scheme for the KEK e⁻/e⁺ injector linac (Linac), to improve the injection efficiency. The tuning scheme is based on the various accelerator operation data (control parameters, monitoring data and environmental data) of Linac. For the studies, we use the accumulated Linac operation data from 2018 to 2021. To solve the problems on the accelerator tuning of, 1. A lot of parameters (~1000) should be tuned, and these parameters are intricately correlated with each other; and 2. Continuous environmental change, due to temperature change, ground motion, tidal force, etc., affects to the operation tuning; We have developed, 1. Visualization of the accelerator parameters (~1000) trend/correlation distribution based on the dimensionality reduction using Variational Autoencoder (VAE), to see the long-term correlation between the accelerator operation parameters and the environmental data, and 2. Accelerator tuning method using the deep neural network, which is continuously updated with the short-term accelerator data to adapt the environment changes. In this presentation, we report the current status of the R&D.
	Poster WEPV010 [1.997 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV010
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 January 2022
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WEPV020	Learning to Lase: Machine Learning Prediction of FEL Beam Properties	network, diagnostics, simulation, FEL	677
	A.E. Pollard, D.J. Dunning STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M. Maheshwari STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Accurate prediction of longitudinal phase space and other properties of the electron beam are computationally expensive. In addition, some diagnostics are destructive in nature and/or cannot be readily accessed. Machine learning based virtual diagnostics can allow for the real-time generation of longitudinal phase space and other graphs, allowing for rapid parameter searches, and enabling operators to predict otherwise unavailable beam properties. We present a machine learning model for predicting a range of diagnostic screens along the accelerator beamline of a free-electron laser facility, conditional on linac and other parameters. Our model is a combination of a conditional variational autoencoder and a generative adversarial network, which generates high fidelity images that accurately match simulation data. Work to date is based on start-to-end simulation data, as a prototype for experimental applications.
	Poster WEPV020 [1.330 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV020
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 28 December 2021 Issue date ※ 25 February 2022
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WEPV025	Initial Studies of Cavity Fault Prediction at Jefferson Laboratory	cavity, cryomodule, SRF, data-acquisition	700
	L.S. Vidyaratne, A. Carpenter, R. Suleiman, C. Tennant, D.L. Turner JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA K.M. Iftekharuddin, M. Rahman ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory is a CW recirculating linac that utilizes over 400 superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities to accelerate electrons up to 12 GeV through 5-passes. Recent work has shown that, given RF signals from a cavity during a fault as input, machine learning approaches can accurately classify the fault type. In this paper we report on initial results of predicting a fault onset using only data prior to the failure event. A data set was constructed using time-series data immediately before a fault (’unstable’) and 1.5 seconds prior to a fault (’stable’) gathered from over 5,000 saved fault events. The data was used to train a binary classifier. The results gave key insights into the behavior of several fault types and provided motivation to investigate whether data prior to a failure event could also predict the type of fault. We discuss our method using a sliding window approach and report on initial results. Recent modifications to the low-level RF control system will provide access to streaming signals and we outline a path forward for leveraging deep learning on streaming data
	Poster WEPV025 [1.111 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV025
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 11 February 2022 Issue date ※ 05 March 2022
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THAR01	MINT, an ITER Tool for Interactive Visualization of Data	operation, interface, GUI, experiment	809
	L. Abadie, G. Carannante, I. Nunes, J. Panchumarti, S.D. Pinches, S. Simrock, M. Tsalas ITER Organization, St. Paul lez Durance, France S.S. Kalsi Tata Consultancy Services, Pune, India D.R. Makowski, P. Mazur, P. Perek TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland A. Neto F4E, Barcelona, Spain
	ITER will produce large volumes of data that need to be visualized and analyzed. This paper describes the development of a graphical data visualization and exploration tool, MINT (Make Informative and Nice Trends), for plant engineers, operators and physicists. It describes the early development phase from requirements capture to first release covering the mistakes, lessons learnt and future steps. The requirements were collected by interviewing the various stakeholders. The initial neglect of the architecture and user-friendliness turned out to be key points when developing such a tool for a project with a long lifetime like ITER. Modular architecture and clear definition of generic interfaces (abstraction layer) is crucial for such a long lifetime project and makes it ready for future adaptations to new plotting, processing and GUI libraries. The MINT application is based upon the development of an independent plotting library, which acts as a wrapper to the underlying graphical library. This allows scientists and engineers to develop their own specific tools, which are immune to changes of graphical library. The development based on Python uses Qt5 as the visual backend.
	Slides THAR01 [5.386 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THAR01
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 17 November 2021 Issue date ※ 23 February 2022
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THBR03	Prototype of White Rabbit Based Beam-Synchronous Timing Systems for SHINE	network, timing, FEL, controls	853
	P.X. Yu, Y.B. Yan SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China G.H. Gong Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China G. Gu, Z.Y. Jiang, L. Zhao USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China Y.M. Ye TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction. SHINE requires precise distribution and synchronization of the 1.003086MHz timing signals over a long distance of about 3.1 km. Two prototype systems were developed, both containing three functions: beam-synchronous trigger signal distribution, random-event trigger signal distribution and data exchange between nodes. The frequency of the beam-synchronous trigger signal can be divided according to the accelerator operation mode. Each output pulse can be configured for different fill modes. A prototype system was designed based on a customized clock frequency point (64.197530MHz). Another prototype system was designed based on the standard White Rabbit protocol. The DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) and D flip-flops (DFFs) are adopted for RF signal transfer and pulse configuration. The details of the timing system design and test results will be reported in this paper.
	Slides THBR03 [3.344 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THBR03
About •	Received ※ 11 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 10 February 2022
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THPV004	Open-Hardware Knob System for Acceleration Control Operations	controls, hardware, software, electronics	861
	E. Munaron, M. Montis, L. Pranovi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	Nowadays technologies in LINAc facilities brought the common Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) to be more aligned to the standards coming from the information technology (IT) and the operators started to interact to the apparatus with the common computers’ instruments: mouse and keyboard. This approach has both pro and cons. In order to minimize the cons and with the idea of providing an alternative to interact with HMIs, we tried to design and realize an open-hardware knob system solution.
	Poster THPV004 [2.761 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV004
About •	Received ※ 09 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 28 December 2021
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THPV010	Scaling Up the ALBA Cabling Database and Plans to Turn into an Asset Management System	controls, database, electronics, operation	878
	I. Costa, A. Camps Gimenez, R. Cazorla, T. Fernández Maltas, D. Salvat ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	The "Cabling and Controls Database" (CCDB) is a central repository where the different teams of ALBA manage the information of installed racks, equipment, cables and connectors, and their connections and technical specifications. ALBA has modernized this web application for sustainability reasons and fit new needs detected throughout the last years of operation in our facility. The application has been linked to Jira to allow tracking problems in specific installed equipment or locations. In addition, it also connects to the ALBA Inventory Pools application, the warehouse management system, where the stock of physical equipment and components are maintained to get information on the life cycle of the different devices. These new features, integrated with proprietary products like Jira and Insight, aim to become ALBA’s asset management system. This paper aims to describe the main features of the recent application upgrade, currently in continuous development.
	Poster THPV010 [1.145 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV010
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 05 January 2022
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THPV032	The Demonstrator of the HL-LHC ATLAS Tile Calorimeter	electronics, detector, high-voltage, hadron	935
	P. Tsotskolauri Tbilisi State University, T’bilisi, Georgia
	The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) has motivated R&D to upgrade the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter. The new system consists on an optimized analogue design engineered with selected radiation-tolerant COTS and redundancy layers to avoid single points of failure. The design will provide better timing, improved energy resolution, lower noise and less sensitivity to out-of-time pileup. Multiple types of FPGAs, CERN custom rad-hard ASICs (GBTx), and multi-Gbps optical links are used to distribute LHC timing, read out fully digital data of the whole TileCal, transmit timing and calibrated energy per cell to the Trigger system at 40 MHz, and provide triggered data at 1 MHz. To test the upgraded electronics in real ATLAS conditions, a hybrid demonstrator prototype module containing the new calorimeter module electronics, but still compatible with TileCal’s legacy system was tested in ATLAS during 2019-2021. An upgraded version of the demonstrator with finalized HL-LHC electronics is being assembled to be tested in testbeam campaigns at the Super Proton Syncrotron (SPS) at CERN. We present current status and results for the different tests done with the upgraded demonstrator system. Presented on behalf of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter System
	Poster THPV032 [1.041 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV032
About •	Received ※ 18 October 2021 Revised ※ 29 November 2021 Accepted ※ 23 December 2021 Issue date ※ 11 February 2022
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THPV048	Novel Control System for the LHCb Scintillating Fibre Tracker Detector Infrastructure	detector, controls, PLC, vacuum	981
	M. Ostrega, M.A. Ciupinski, S. Jakobsen, X. Pons CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC at CERN, the LHCb detector is upgraded to cope with higher instantaneous luminosities. The largest of the new trackers is based on the scintillating fibres (SciFi) read out by SIlicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs). The SiPMs will be cooled down to -40°C to minimize noise. For performance and space reasons, the cooling lines are vacuum insulated. Ionizing radiation requires detaching and displace the readout electronics from Pirani gauges to a lower radiation area. To avoid condensation inside the SiPM boxes, the atmosphere inside must have a dew point of at most -45°C. The low dew point will be achieved by flushing a dry gas through the box. 576 flowmeters devices will be installed to monitor the gas flow continuously. A Condensation Prevention System (CPS) has been introduced as condensation was observed. The CPS powers heating wires installed around the SiPM boxes and the vacuum bellows isolating the cooling lines. The CPS also includes 672 temperature sensors to monitor that all parts are warmer than the cavern dew point. The temperature readout systems are based on multiplexing technology at the in the front-end and a PLC in the back-end.
	Poster THPV048 [8.181 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV048
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 November 2021 Issue date ※ 21 December 2021
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FRAL04	The Control System of the New Small Wheel Electronics for the Atlas Experiment	detector, controls, electronics, FEL	1005
	P. Tzanis NTUA, Athens, Greece
	The present ATLAS Small Wheel Muon detector will be replaced with a New Small Wheel(NSW) detector in order to cope up with the future LHC runs of high luminosity. One crucial part of the integration procedure concerns the validation of the electronics for a system with more than 2.1 M electronic channels. The readout chain is based on optical link technology connecting the backend to the front-end electronics via the FELIX, which is a newly developed system that will serve as the next generation readout driver for ATLAS. For the configuration, calibration and monitoring path the various electronics boards are supplied with the GBT-SCA ASIC and its purpose is to distribute control and monitoring signals to the electronics. Due to its complexity, NSW electronics requires the development of a sophisticated Control System. The use of such a system is necessary to allow the electronics to function consistently, safely and as a seamless interface to all sub-detectors and the technical infrastructure of the experiment. The central system handles the transition between the probe’s possible operating states while ensuring continuous monitoring and archiving of the system’s operating parameters.
	Slides FRAL04 [18.694 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-FRAL04
About •	Received ※ 09 October 2021 Revised ※ 05 November 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 31 January 2022
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FRAL05	MACE Camera Electronics: Control, Monitoring & Safety Mechanisms	controls, monitoring, electronics, hardware	1011
	S.K. Neema, A. Behere, S. Joy, S. Mohanan, P. Sridharan, S. Srivastava BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, India J. Hariharan Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
	MACE Telescope installed in Ladakh Region of India comprises of many functionally diverse subsystems, Camera being the most important one. Mounted at the focal plane of 21 m diameter parabolic reflector dish, event driven Camera system comprises of 1088 PMTs, with 16 PMTs constituting one Camera Integrated Module (CIM). Central Camera Controller (CCC), located in Camera housing, manages and coordinates all the actions of these 68 Modules and other camera subsystems as per the command sequence received from Operator Console. In addition to control and monitoring of subsystems, various mechanisms have been implemented in hardware as well as embedded firmware of CCC and CIM to provide safety of PMTs against exposure to ambient bright light, bright star masking and detection and recovery from loss of event synchronization at runtime. An adequate command response protocol with fault tolerant behavior has also been designed to meet performance requirements. The paper presents the overall architecture and flow of camera control mechanisms with a focus on software and hardware challenges involved. Various experimental performance parameters and results will be presented. *MACE camera controller embedded software: Redesign for robustness and maintainability, S.Srivastava et.al., Astronomy and Computing Volume 30
	Slides FRAL05 [11.901 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-FRAL05
About •	Received ※ 09 October 2021 Accepted ※ 19 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 February 2022
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FRBL03	A Literature Review on the Efforts Made for Employing Machine Learning in Synchrotrons	synchrotron, experiment, software, real-time	1039
	A. Khaleghi, Z. Aghaei, H. Haedar, I. Iman, K. Mahmoudi IKIU, Qazvin, Iran F. Ahmad Mehrabi, M. Akbari, M. Jafarzadeh, A. Khaleghi, P. Navidpour ILSF, Tehran, Iran
	Using machine learning (ML) in various contexts is in-creasing due to advantages such as automation for every-thing, trends and pattern identification, highly error-prone, and continuous improvement. Even non-computer experts are trying to learn simple programming languages like Python to implement ML models on their data. De-spite the growing trend towards ML, no study has re-viewed the efforts made on using ML in synchrotrons to our knowledge. Therefore, we are examining the efforts made to use ML in synchrotrons to achieve benefits like stabilizing the photon beam without the need for manual calibrations of measures that can be achieved by reducing unwanted fluctuations in the widths of the electron beams that prevent experimental noises obscured measurements. Also, the challenges of using ML in synchrotrons and a short synthesis of the reviewed articles were provided. The paper can help related experts have a general famil-iarization regarding ML applications in synchrotrons and encourage the use of ML in various synchrotron practices. In future research, the aim will be to provide a more com-prehensive synthesis with more details on how to use the ML in synchrotrons.
	Slides FRBL03 [1.681 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-FRBL03
About •	Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 20 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 12 March 2022
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOBR01

ROMULUSLib: An Autonomous, TCP/IP-Based, Multi-Architecture C Networking Library for DAQ and Control Applications

radiation, controls, monitoring, SCADA

69

A. Yadav, H. Boukabache, K. Ceesay-Seitz, N. Gerber, D. Perrin
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The new generation of Radiation Monitoring electronics developed at CERN, called the CERN RadiatiOn Monitoring Electronics (CROME), is a Zynq-7000 SoC-based Data Acquisition and Control system that replaces the previous generation to offer a higher safety standard, flexible integration and parallel communication with devices installed throughout the CERN complex. A TCP/IP protocol based C networking library, ROMULUSlib, was developed that forms the interface between CROME and the SCADA supervision software through the ROMULUS protocol. ROMULUSlib encapsulates Real-Time and Historical data, parameters and acknowledgement data in TCP/IP frames that offers high reliability and flexibility, full-duplex communication with the CROME devices and supports multi-architecture development by utilization of the POSIX standard. ROMULUSlib is autonomous as it works as a standalone library that can support integration with supervision applications by addition or modification of parameters of the data frame. This paper discusses the ROMULUS protocol, the ROMULUS Data frame and the complete set of commands and parameters implemented in the ROMULUSlib for CROME supervision.

Slides MOBR01 [4.040 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-MOBR01

About •

Received ※ 11 October 2021 Revised ※ 18 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 December 2021 Issue date ※ 09 March 2022

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MOPV011

The Inclusion of White Rabbit into the Global Industry Standard IEEE 1588

network, hardware, operation, framework

126

M.M. Lipiński
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

White Rabbit (WR) is the first CERN-born technology that has been incorporated into a global industry standard governed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP). This showcase of technology transfer has been beneficial to both the standard and to WR technology. For the standard, it has allowed the PTP synchronisation performance to be increased by several orders of magnitude, opening new markets and opportunities for PTP implementers. While for WR technology, the review during its standardisation and its adoption by industry makes it future-proof and drives down prices of the WR hardware that is widely used in scientific installations. This article provides an insight into the 7-year-long WR standardisation process, describing its motivation, benefits, costs and the final result. After a short introduction to WR, it describes the process of reviewing, generalising and translating it into an IEEE standard. Finally, it retrospectively evaluates this process in terms of efforts and benefits to conclude that basing new technologies on standards and extending them bears short-term costs that bring long-term benefits.

Poster MOPV011 [1.283 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-MOPV011

About •

Received ※ 08 October 2021 Accepted ※ 03 November 2021 Issue date ※ 15 February 2022

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MOPV018

Linac-200 Gun Control System: Status and Plans

controls, gun, linac, electronics

161

M.A. Nozdrin, V.V. Kobets, V.F. Minashkin, A. Trifonov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Due to the development of the global Tango-based control system for Linac-200 accelerator, the new electron gun control system software was developed. Major gun electronics modification is foreseen. Current gun control system status and modification plans are reported.

Poster MOPV018 [1.308 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-MOPV018

About •

Received ※ 09 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 04 November 2021 Issue date ※ 03 March 2022

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TUAL03

R&D Studies for the Atlas Tile Calorimeter Daughterboard

FPGA, radiation, detector, electronics

290

E. Valdes Santurio, K.E. Dunne, S. Lee
FYSIKUM, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
C. Bohm, H. Motzkau, S.B. Silverstein
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

The ATLAS Hadronic Calorimeter DaughterBoard (DB) interfaces the on-detector with the off-detector electronics. The DB features two 4.6 Gbps downlinks and two pairs of 9.6 Gbps uplinks powered by four SFP+ Optical transceivers. The downlinks receive configuration commands and LHC timing to be propagated to the front-end, and the uplinks transmit continuous high-speed readout of digitized PMT samples, detector control system and monitoring data. The design minimizes single points of failure and mitigates radiation damage by means of a double-redundant scheme. To mitigate Single Event Upset rates, Xilinx Soft Error Mitigation and Triple Mode Redundancy are used. Reliability in the high speed links is achieve by adopting Cyclic Redundancy Check in the uplinks and Forward Error Correction in the downlinks. The DB features a dedicated Single Event Latch-up protection circuitry that power-cycles the board in the case of any over-current event avoiding any possible hardware damages. We present a summary of the studies performed to verify the reliability if the performance of the DB revision 6, and the radiation qualification tests of the components used for the design.

Slides TUAL03 [4.675 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUAL03

About •

Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 20 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 03 January 2022

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TUAR03

The Control System of the Linac-200 Electron Accelerator at JINR

controls, TANGO, linac, software

302

A. Trifonov, M. Gostkin, V.V. Kobets, M.A. Nozdrin, A. Zhemchugov, P.P. Zhuravlyov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The linear accelerator Linac-200 at JINR is constructed to provide electron test beams with energy up to 200 MeV to carry out particle detector R&D, to perform studies of advanced methods of beam diagnostics, and to work as an irradiation facility for applied research. While the accelerator largely reuses refurbished parts of the MEA accelerator from NIKHEF, the accelerator control system is completely redesigned. A new distributed control system has been developed using the Tango toolkit. The key subsystems of the accelerator (including focusing and steering magnets control, vacuum control system, synchronization system, electron gun control system, precise temperature regulation system) were redesigned or deeply modernized. This report presents the design and the current status of the control system of the Linac-200 machine.

Slides TUAR03 [1.449 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUAR03

About •

Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 16 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 27 December 2021

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TUBR03

Control System for 6 MeV Linear Accelerator at LINAC Project PINSTECH

controls, linac, EPICS, interface

348

N.U. Saqib, M. Ajmal, A. Majid, D.A. Nawaz, F. Sher, A. Tanvir
PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan

At LINAC Project PINSTECH, 6 MeV electron linear accelerator prototypes are being developed for medical as well as industrial purposes. Control system of the linear accelerators is a distributed control system mainly comprised of EPICS and PLCs. Graphical User Interface (GUI) are developed using Phoebus Control System Studio (CSS) and Siemens WinCC Advanced software. This paper focuses on design, development and implementation of accelerator control system for various subsystems such as RF, vacuum, cooling as well as safety subsystems. The current status of the control system and services is presented.

Slides TUBR03 [7.940 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUBR03

About •

Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 16 October 2021 Accepted ※ 24 November 2021 Issue date ※ 22 December 2021

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TUPV019

Control System for 30 keV Electron Gun Test Facility

controls, gun, PLC, experiment

433

D.A. Nawaz, M. Ajmal, A. Majid, N.U. Saqib, F. Sher
PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan

At LINAC Project PINSTECH, an electron gun test facility for indigenously developed 30 keV electron guns is developed to control and monitor various beam parameters by performing electron beam tests and diagnostics. After successful testing, electron gun is then integrated into 6 MeV standing wave linear accelerator. This paper presents the control system design and development for the facility.

Poster TUPV019 [1.468 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV019

About •

Received ※ 10 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 09 December 2021

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TUPV020

Automatic RF and Electron Gun Filament Conditioning Systems for 6 MeV LINAC

vacuum, cavity, controls, gun

437

A. Majid, D.A. Nawaz, N.U. Saqib, F. Sher
PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan

RF conditioning of vacuum windows and RF cavities is a necessary task for eliminating poor vacuum caused by outgassing and contamination. Also, startup and shutdown process of linear accelerator requires gradual increase and decrease of electron gun filament voltage to avoid damage to the filament. This paper presents an EPICS based multi-loop automatic RF conditioning system and Electron Gun filament conditioning system for Klystron based 6 MeV Linear Accelerator.

Poster TUPV020 [1.822 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV020

About •

Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 17 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 26 December 2021

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TUPV025

Control System of Upgraded High Voltage for Atlas Tile Calorimeter

controls, detector, software, interface

443

F. Martins, F.M.O. Cuim, G.G. Evans, R.P. Fernandez, A. Gomes, L. Gurriana
LIP, Lisboa, Portugal
J.A. Soares Augusto
FCUL, Lisboa, Portugal

The preparation of the upgrade of the ATLAS electronics for the High Luminosity LHC is in full swing. The Tile Calorimeter is preparing the upgrade of its readout electronics and power distribution systems. One of such systems is the High Voltage (HV) regulation and distribution system. The new system is based on HVRemote boards mounted in crates located at the counting room. The HV will be delivered to the on-detector electronics using 100 m long cables. The crates will be equipped with a system-on-chip that will be responsible for the control and monitoring of the HV boards. The control of the HVRemote and its dedicated HVSupply boards is done by means of a serial peripheral interface bus. A SCADA component is under development to communicate with and supervise the crates and boards, and to integrate the HV system in the control system of the detector. The control system will be able to send notifications to the operators when the monitored values are out of range, archive the monitored data and if required, perform automated actions.

Poster TUPV025 [1.590 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV025

About •

Received ※ 15 October 2021 Revised ※ 17 November 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 February 2022

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TUPV027

EPICS DAQ System for Beam Position Monitor at the KOMAC Linac and Beamlines

linac, EPICS, controls, electronics

447

Y.G. Song, S.Y. Cho, J.H. Kim
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

The KOMAC facility consists of low-energy component, including a 50-keV ion source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT), a 3-MeV radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and a 20-MeV drift tube linac (DTL), as well as high-energy components, including seven DTL tanks for the 100-MeV proton beam. The KOMAC has been operating 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beam lines to provide proton beams for various applications. Approximately 20 stripline beam position monitors (BPMs) have been installed in KOMAC linac and beamlines. A data-acquisition (DAQ) system has been developed with various platforms in order to monitor beam position signals from linac and beamlines. This paper describes the hardware and software system and test results.

Poster TUPV027 [1.590 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV027

About •

Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 03 December 2021

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TUPV032

Challenges of Automating the Photocathode Fabrication Process at CERN

controls, cathode, power-supply, laser

464

C. Charrondière, E. Chevallay, T. Zilliox
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN Photoemission Laboratory was founded in 1989 with the goal of studying laser-driven electron sources, for producing high-brightness electron beams within the framework of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study. To produce these photocathodes, two processes run in parallel. The first process, which is slow and asynchronous, controls and monitors the evaporation of photoemissive material. For this first step several power supplies are controlled to evaporate different metals through the Joule effect, with the power maintained constant in time and the thickness deposited monitored. The second process is synchronized with a laser trigger ranging from 0.1 to 50Hz, where the photocurrent and laser energy are measured to calculate the Quantum Efficiency. The control system for these processes has recently been renovated to benefit from the modularity of a PXI-based real-time environment using the standard CERN MiddleWare communication layer (CMW). This paper describes the challenges of the fabrication process as well as the flexibility introduced by using a PXI system.

Poster TUPV032 [0.958 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV032

About •

Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 18 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 01 December 2021

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TUPV039

A Reliable Monitoring and Control System for Vacuum Surface Treatments

laser, controls, software, hardware

492

J. Tagg, E. Bez, M. Himmerlich, A.K. Reascos Portilla
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Secondary electron yield (SEY) of beam-screens in the LHC puts limits on the performance of the accelerator. To ramp up the luminosity for the HiLumi LHC project, the vacuum surface coatings team are coming up with ways to treat the surfaces to control the electron cloud and bring the SEY down to acceptable levels. These treatments can take days to weeks and need to work reliably to be sure the surfaces are not damaged. An embedded control and monitoring system based on a CompactRIO is being developed to run these processes in a reliable way. This paper describes the techniques used to create a LabVIEW-based real-time embedded system that is reliable as well as easy to read and modify. We will show how simpler approaches can in some situations yield better solutions.

Poster TUPV039 [0.504 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-TUPV039

About •

Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 18 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 March 2022

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WEBL05

FAIR Meets EMIL: Principles in Practice

experiment, database, software, GUI

574

G. Günther, M. Bär, N. Greve, R. Krahl, M. Kubin, O. Mannix, W. Smith, S. Vadilonga, R. Wilks
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) form a set of principles required to ready information for computational exploitation. The Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL) at BESSY II, with its unique analytical instrumentation in direct combination with an industrially-relevant deposition tool, is in the final phase of commissioning. It provides an ideal testbed to ensure workflows are developed around the FAIR principles; enhancing usability for both human and machine agents. FAIR indicators are applied to assess compliance with the principles on an experimental workflow realized using Bluesky. Additional metadata collection by integrating an instrument PID, an electronic laboratory book, and a sample tracking system is considered along with staff training. Data are collected in Nexus format and made available in the ICAT repository. This paper reports on experiences, problems overcome, and areas still in need of improvement in future perspectives.

Slides WEBL05 [0.953 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEBL05

About •

Received ※ 08 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 24 February 2022

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WEBR04

Safeguarding Large Particle Accelerator Research Facility- A Multilayer Distributed Control Architecture

PLC, controls, linac, radiation

596

F. Tao
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Personnel Protection System (PPS) at SLAC is a global safety system responsible for protecting personnel from radiation hazards. The system’s functional design shares similar concepts with machinery safeguarding, though the complexity of PPS is much higher due to its wide geographic distribution, large numbers of devices, and multiple sources of hazards. In this paper, we will first introduce the multilayer distributed control system architecture of SLAC’s PPS, which serves three beam programs, e.g., LCLS, LCLS-II and FACET-II, that exist in the same 4km linear accelerator infrastructure. Composed of 50+ sets of redundant safety PLCs and 20+ access control PLCs, SLAC’s PPS has five layers: beam program, beam switching and permit, zone access control, zone safety control and sensor/shutoff subsystems. With this architecture, safety functions often involve multiple controllers across several layers, make it a challenge on system analysis, design, and testing. Therefore, in this paper, we will also discuss SIL verification, and PPS’s functional safety related issues for this type of complex systems.

Slides WEBR04 [1.322 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEBR04

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Received ※ 15 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 21 December 2021

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WEPV003

The Dynamic Modeling and the Control Architecture of the New High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM-Lite) for Sirius/LNLS

controls, experiment, feedback, synchrotron

619

G.S. de Albuquerque, J.L. Brito Neto, R.R. Geraldes, M.A.L. Moraes, A.V. Perna, M. Saveri Silva, M.S. Souza
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
The High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM) has been developed since 2015 at Sirius/LNLS with an innovative high-bandwidth mechatronic architecture to reach the unprecedented target of 10 nrad RMS (1 Hz - 2.5 kHz) in crystals parallelism also during energy flyscans. Now, for beamlines requiring a smaller energy range (3.1 to 43 keV, as compared to 2.3 to 72 keV), there is the opportunity to adapt the existing design towards the so-called HD-DCM-Lite. The control architecture of the HD-DCM is kept, reaching a 20 kHz control rate in NI’s CompactRIO (cRIO). Yet, the smaller gap stroke between crystals allows for removing the long-stroke mechanism and reducing the main inertia by a factor 6, not only simplifying the dynamics of the system, but also enabling faster energy scans. With sinusoidal scans of hundreds of eV up to 20 Hz, this creates an unparalleled bridge between slow step-scan DCMs, and channel-cut quick-EXAFS monochromators. This work presents the dynamic error budgeting and scanning perspectives for the HD-DCM-Lite, including feedback controller design options via loop shaping, feedforward considerations, and leader-follower control strategies.

Poster WEPV003 [1.521 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV003

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Received ※ 13 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 26 December 2021

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WEPV007

Machine Learning Projects at the 1.5-GeV Synchroton Light Source DELTA

controls, storage-ring, injection, synchrotron

631

D. Schirmer, A. Althaus, S. Hüser, S. Khan, T. Schüngel
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

In recent years, several machine learning (ML) based projects have been developed to support automated monitoring and operation of the DELTA electron storage ring facility. This includes self-regulating global and local orbit correction of the stored electron beam, betatron tune feedback as well as electron transfer rate (injection) optimization. Furthermore, the implementation for a ML-based chromaticity control is currently prepared. Some of these processes were initially simulated and then successfully transferred to real machine operation. This report provides an overview of the current status of these projects.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV007

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Received ※ 10 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 02 February 2022

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WEPV010

R&D of the KEK Linac Accelerator Tuning Using Machine Learning

injection, linac, network, operation

640

A. Hisano, M. Iwasaki
OCU, Osaka, Japan
H. Nagahara, Y. Nakashima, N. Takemura
Osaka University, Institute for Datability Science, Oasaka, Japan
T. Nakano
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
I. Satake, M. Satoh
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

We have developed a machine-learning-based operation tuning scheme for the KEK e⁻/e⁺ injector linac (Linac), to improve the injection efficiency. The tuning scheme is based on the various accelerator operation data (control parameters, monitoring data and environmental data) of Linac. For the studies, we use the accumulated Linac operation data from 2018 to 2021. To solve the problems on the accelerator tuning of, 1. A lot of parameters (~1000) should be tuned, and these parameters are intricately correlated with each other; and 2. Continuous environmental change, due to temperature change, ground motion, tidal force, etc., affects to the operation tuning; We have developed, 1. Visualization of the accelerator parameters (~1000) trend/correlation distribution based on the dimensionality reduction using Variational Autoencoder (VAE), to see the long-term correlation between the accelerator operation parameters and the environmental data, and 2. Accelerator tuning method using the deep neural network, which is continuously updated with the short-term accelerator data to adapt the environment changes. In this presentation, we report the current status of the R&D.

Poster WEPV010 [1.997 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV010

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Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 January 2022

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WEPV020

Learning to Lase: Machine Learning Prediction of FEL Beam Properties

network, diagnostics, simulation, FEL

677

A.E. Pollard, D.J. Dunning
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M. Maheshwari
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Accurate prediction of longitudinal phase space and other properties of the electron beam are computationally expensive. In addition, some diagnostics are destructive in nature and/or cannot be readily accessed. Machine learning based virtual diagnostics can allow for the real-time generation of longitudinal phase space and other graphs, allowing for rapid parameter searches, and enabling operators to predict otherwise unavailable beam properties. We present a machine learning model for predicting a range of diagnostic screens along the accelerator beamline of a free-electron laser facility, conditional on linac and other parameters. Our model is a combination of a conditional variational autoencoder and a generative adversarial network, which generates high fidelity images that accurately match simulation data. Work to date is based on start-to-end simulation data, as a prototype for experimental applications.

Poster WEPV020 [1.330 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV020

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Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 28 December 2021 Issue date ※ 25 February 2022

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WEPV025

Initial Studies of Cavity Fault Prediction at Jefferson Laboratory

cavity, cryomodule, SRF, data-acquisition

700

L.S. Vidyaratne, A. Carpenter, R. Suleiman, C. Tennant, D.L. Turner
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
K.M. Iftekharuddin, M. Rahman
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Funding: This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory is a CW recirculating linac that utilizes over 400 superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities to accelerate electrons up to 12 GeV through 5-passes. Recent work has shown that, given RF signals from a cavity during a fault as input, machine learning approaches can accurately classify the fault type. In this paper we report on initial results of predicting a fault onset using only data prior to the failure event. A data set was constructed using time-series data immediately before a fault (’unstable’) and 1.5 seconds prior to a fault (’stable’) gathered from over 5,000 saved fault events. The data was used to train a binary classifier. The results gave key insights into the behavior of several fault types and provided motivation to investigate whether data prior to a failure event could also predict the type of fault. We discuss our method using a sliding window approach and report on initial results. Recent modifications to the low-level RF control system will provide access to streaming signals and we outline a path forward for leveraging deep learning on streaming data

Poster WEPV025 [1.111 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-WEPV025

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Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 11 February 2022 Issue date ※ 05 March 2022

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THAR01

MINT, an ITER Tool for Interactive Visualization of Data

operation, interface, GUI, experiment

809

L. Abadie, G. Carannante, I. Nunes, J. Panchumarti, S.D. Pinches, S. Simrock, M. Tsalas
ITER Organization, St. Paul lez Durance, France
S.S. Kalsi
Tata Consultancy Services, Pune, India
D.R. Makowski, P. Mazur, P. Perek
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
A. Neto
F4E, Barcelona, Spain

ITER will produce large volumes of data that need to be visualized and analyzed. This paper describes the development of a graphical data visualization and exploration tool, MINT (Make Informative and Nice Trends), for plant engineers, operators and physicists. It describes the early development phase from requirements capture to first release covering the mistakes, lessons learnt and future steps. The requirements were collected by interviewing the various stakeholders. The initial neglect of the architecture and user-friendliness turned out to be key points when developing such a tool for a project with a long lifetime like ITER. Modular architecture and clear definition of generic interfaces (abstraction layer) is crucial for such a long lifetime project and makes it ready for future adaptations to new plotting, processing and GUI libraries. The MINT application is based upon the development of an independent plotting library, which acts as a wrapper to the underlying graphical library. This allows scientists and engineers to develop their own specific tools, which are immune to changes of graphical library. The development based on Python uses Qt5 as the visual backend.

Slides THAR01 [5.386 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THAR01

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Received ※ 08 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 17 November 2021 Issue date ※ 23 February 2022

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THBR03

Prototype of White Rabbit Based Beam-Synchronous Timing Systems for SHINE

network, timing, FEL, controls

853

P.X. Yu, Y.B. Yan
SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
G.H. Gong
Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
G. Gu, Z.Y. Jiang, L. Zhao
USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Y.M. Ye
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction. SHINE requires precise distribution and synchronization of the 1.003086MHz timing signals over a long distance of about 3.1 km. Two prototype systems were developed, both containing three functions: beam-synchronous trigger signal distribution, random-event trigger signal distribution and data exchange between nodes. The frequency of the beam-synchronous trigger signal can be divided according to the accelerator operation mode. Each output pulse can be configured for different fill modes. A prototype system was designed based on a customized clock frequency point (64.197530MHz). Another prototype system was designed based on the standard White Rabbit protocol. The DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) and D flip-flops (DFFs) are adopted for RF signal transfer and pulse configuration. The details of the timing system design and test results will be reported in this paper.

Slides THBR03 [3.344 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THBR03

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Received ※ 11 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 December 2021 Issue date ※ 10 February 2022

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THPV004

Open-Hardware Knob System for Acceleration Control Operations

controls, hardware, software, electronics

861

E. Munaron, M. Montis, L. Pranovi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Nowadays technologies in LINAc facilities brought the common Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) to be more aligned to the standards coming from the information technology (IT) and the operators started to interact to the apparatus with the common computers’ instruments: mouse and keyboard. This approach has both pro and cons. In order to minimize the cons and with the idea of providing an alternative to interact with HMIs, we tried to design and realize an open-hardware knob system solution.

Poster THPV004 [2.761 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV004

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Received ※ 09 October 2021 Revised ※ 19 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 28 December 2021

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THPV010

Scaling Up the ALBA Cabling Database and Plans to Turn into an Asset Management System

controls, database, electronics, operation

878

I. Costa, A. Camps Gimenez, R. Cazorla, T. Fernández Maltas, D. Salvat
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

The "Cabling and Controls Database" (CCDB) is a central repository where the different teams of ALBA manage the information of installed racks, equipment, cables and connectors, and their connections and technical specifications. ALBA has modernized this web application for sustainability reasons and fit new needs detected throughout the last years of operation in our facility. The application has been linked to Jira to allow tracking problems in specific installed equipment or locations. In addition, it also connects to the ALBA Inventory Pools application, the warehouse management system, where the stock of physical equipment and components are maintained to get information on the life cycle of the different devices. These new features, integrated with proprietary products like Jira and Insight, aim to become ALBA’s asset management system. This paper aims to describe the main features of the recent application upgrade, currently in continuous development.

Poster THPV010 [1.145 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV010

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Received ※ 10 October 2021 Accepted ※ 21 November 2021 Issue date ※ 05 January 2022

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THPV032

The Demonstrator of the HL-LHC ATLAS Tile Calorimeter

electronics, detector, high-voltage, hadron

935

P. Tsotskolauri
Tbilisi State University, T’bilisi, Georgia

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) has motivated R&D to upgrade the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter. The new system consists on an optimized analogue design engineered with selected radiation-tolerant COTS and redundancy layers to avoid single points of failure. The design will provide better timing, improved energy resolution, lower noise and less sensitivity to out-of-time pileup. Multiple types of FPGAs, CERN custom rad-hard ASICs (GBTx), and multi-Gbps optical links are used to distribute LHC timing, read out fully digital data of the whole TileCal, transmit timing and calibrated energy per cell to the Trigger system at 40 MHz, and provide triggered data at 1 MHz. To test the upgraded electronics in real ATLAS conditions, a hybrid demonstrator prototype module containing the new calorimeter module electronics, but still compatible with TileCal’s legacy system was tested in ATLAS during 2019-2021. An upgraded version of the demonstrator with finalized HL-LHC electronics is being assembled to be tested in testbeam campaigns at the Super Proton Syncrotron (SPS) at CERN. We present current status and results for the different tests done with the upgraded demonstrator system.
Presented on behalf of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter System

Poster THPV032 [1.041 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV032

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Received ※ 18 October 2021 Revised ※ 29 November 2021 Accepted ※ 23 December 2021 Issue date ※ 11 February 2022

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THPV048

Novel Control System for the LHCb Scintillating Fibre Tracker Detector Infrastructure

detector, controls, PLC, vacuum

981

M. Ostrega, M.A. Ciupinski, S. Jakobsen, X. Pons
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC at CERN, the LHCb detector is upgraded to cope with higher instantaneous luminosities. The largest of the new trackers is based on the scintillating fibres (SciFi) read out by SIlicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs). The SiPMs will be cooled down to -40°C to minimize noise. For performance and space reasons, the cooling lines are vacuum insulated. Ionizing radiation requires detaching and displace the readout electronics from Pirani gauges to a lower radiation area. To avoid condensation inside the SiPM boxes, the atmosphere inside must have a dew point of at most -45°C. The low dew point will be achieved by flushing a dry gas through the box. 576 flowmeters devices will be installed to monitor the gas flow continuously. A Condensation Prevention System (CPS) has been introduced as condensation was observed. The CPS powers heating wires installed around the SiPM boxes and the vacuum bellows isolating the cooling lines. The CPS also includes 672 temperature sensors to monitor that all parts are warmer than the cavern dew point. The temperature readout systems are based on multiplexing technology at the in the front-end and a PLC in the back-end.

Poster THPV048 [8.181 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-THPV048

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Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 22 October 2021 Accepted ※ 22 November 2021 Issue date ※ 21 December 2021

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FRAL04

The Control System of the New Small Wheel Electronics for the Atlas Experiment

detector, controls, electronics, FEL

1005

P. Tzanis
NTUA, Athens, Greece

The present ATLAS Small Wheel Muon detector will be replaced with a New Small Wheel(NSW) detector in order to cope up with the future LHC runs of high luminosity. One crucial part of the integration procedure concerns the validation of the electronics for a system with more than 2.1 M electronic channels. The readout chain is based on optical link technology connecting the backend to the front-end electronics via the FELIX, which is a newly developed system that will serve as the next generation readout driver for ATLAS. For the configuration, calibration and monitoring path the various electronics boards are supplied with the GBT-SCA ASIC and its purpose is to distribute control and monitoring signals to the electronics. Due to its complexity, NSW electronics requires the development of a sophisticated Control System. The use of such a system is necessary to allow the electronics to function consistently, safely and as a seamless interface to all sub-detectors and the technical infrastructure of the experiment. The central system handles the transition between the probe’s possible operating states while ensuring continuous monitoring and archiving of the system’s operating parameters.

Slides FRAL04 [18.694 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-FRAL04

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Received ※ 09 October 2021 Revised ※ 05 November 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 31 January 2022

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FRAL05

MACE Camera Electronics: Control, Monitoring & Safety Mechanisms

controls, monitoring, electronics, hardware

1011

S.K. Neema, A. Behere, S. Joy, S. Mohanan, P. Sridharan, S. Srivastava
BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, India
J. Hariharan
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

MACE Telescope installed in Ladakh Region of India comprises of many functionally diverse subsystems, Camera being the most important one. Mounted at the focal plane of 21 m diameter parabolic reflector dish, event driven Camera system comprises of 1088 PMTs, with 16 PMTs constituting one Camera Integrated Module (CIM). Central Camera Controller (CCC), located in Camera housing, manages and coordinates all the actions of these 68 Modules and other camera subsystems as per the command sequence received from Operator Console. In addition to control and monitoring of subsystems, various mechanisms have been implemented in hardware as well as embedded firmware of CCC and CIM to provide safety of PMTs against exposure to ambient bright light, bright star masking and detection and recovery from loss of event synchronization at runtime. An adequate command response protocol with fault tolerant behavior has also been designed to meet performance requirements. The paper presents the overall architecture and flow of camera control mechanisms with a focus on software and hardware challenges involved. Various experimental performance parameters and results will be presented.
*MACE camera controller embedded software: Redesign for robustness and maintainability, S.Srivastava et.al., Astronomy and Computing Volume 30

Slides FRAL05 [11.901 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-FRAL05

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Received ※ 09 October 2021 Accepted ※ 19 November 2021 Issue date ※ 11 February 2022

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FRBL03

A Literature Review on the Efforts Made for Employing Machine Learning in Synchrotrons

synchrotron, experiment, software, real-time

1039

A. Khaleghi, Z. Aghaei, H. Haedar, I. Iman, K. Mahmoudi
IKIU, Qazvin, Iran
F. Ahmad Mehrabi, M. Akbari, M. Jafarzadeh, A. Khaleghi, P. Navidpour
ILSF, Tehran, Iran

Using machine learning (ML) in various contexts is in-creasing due to advantages such as automation for every-thing, trends and pattern identification, highly error-prone, and continuous improvement. Even non-computer experts are trying to learn simple programming languages like Python to implement ML models on their data. De-spite the growing trend towards ML, no study has re-viewed the efforts made on using ML in synchrotrons to our knowledge. Therefore, we are examining the efforts made to use ML in synchrotrons to achieve benefits like stabilizing the photon beam without the need for manual calibrations of measures that can be achieved by reducing unwanted fluctuations in the widths of the electron beams that prevent experimental noises obscured measurements. Also, the challenges of using ML in synchrotrons and a short synthesis of the reviewed articles were provided. The paper can help related experts have a general famil-iarization regarding ML applications in synchrotrons and encourage the use of ML in various synchrotron practices. In future research, the aim will be to provide a more com-prehensive synthesis with more details on how to use the ML in synchrotrons.

Slides FRBL03 [1.681 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2021-FRBL03

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Received ※ 10 October 2021 Revised ※ 20 October 2021 Accepted ※ 20 November 2021 Issue date ※ 12 March 2022

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