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quadrupole

                  
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MOOCH01 Beam Based Alignment at the KEK-ATF Damping Ring emittance, alignment, lattice, betatron 36
 
  • M. Woodley, J. Nelson, M.C. Ross, J.L. Turner
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • K. Kubo
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • A. Wolski
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  The damping rings for a future linear collider will have demanding alignment and stability requirements in order to achieve the low vertical emittance necessary for high luminosity. The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK has successfully demonstrated the <5 pm vertical emittance specified for the GLC/NLC Main Damping Rings [*]. One contribution to this accomplishment has been the use of Beam Based Alignment (BBA) techniques. The mode of operation of the ATF presents particular challenges for BBA, and we describe here how we have deduced the offsets of the BPMs with respect to the quadrupoles. We also discuss a technique that allows for direct measurements of the beam-to-quad offsets.

* "Extremely Low Vertical-Emittance Beam in the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK", K. Kubo, et al., Phys.Rev.Lett.88:194801,2002

 
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOPKF033 Operational Improvements in the ESRF Injection Complex injection, booster, emittance, linac 375
 
  • Y. Papaphilippou, P. Elleaume, L. Farvacque, L. Hardy, G.A. Naylor, E. Plouviez, J.-L. Revol, B.K. Scheidt, V. Serriere
    ESRF, Grenoble
  The ESRF injection complex, comprising a 200MeV linac, a booster accelerator with a top energy of 6GeV and two transfer lines, has been routinely injecting beam to the storage ring since the beginning of its operation. The newly implemented injection with ‘‘front-end open'' triggered several operational improvements in order to maximise the reliability of the complex. A series of diagnostics (sychnotron light monitors, striplines, fast current transformers) were implemented allowing the measurement and monitoring of several components of the injected beam. New optics models were constructed and several application systems as the closed orbit correction or tune measurements have been upgraded. The operational procedures of injection at 100MeV in the booster and the injection efficiency maximisation were renewed and improved. Further developments for the uninterrupted operation of the storage ring during injection, such as the bunch cleaning in the booster were successfully tested.  
 
MOPKF059 Magnet Specification for the Daresbury Laboratory Energy Recovery Linac Prototype dipole, linac, booster, injection 443
 
  • N. Thompson, N. Marks
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  Daresbury Laboratory has funding for the design and construction of an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) prototype to facilitate the R&D necessary for the 4th Generation Light Source (4GLS). In the prototype a 35MeV electron beam will be used to drive an Infra-Red Oscillator Free-Electron Laser. The ring consists of two 180°; triple bend achromats, two straight sections, an injection chicane, an extraction chicane and two bunch compression/decompression chicanes. A number of pre-existing magnets will be used in the ring so the new magnets have been designed to ensure compatibility with the existing designs, enabling common power supply, vacuum and control system specifications. This paper gives an overview of the magnet requirements for the facility and details of the engineering realisation.  
 
MOPKF060 Space Charge Effects for the ERL Prototype at Daresbury Laboratory emittance, space-charge, linac, focusing 446
 
  • B.D. Muratori, C. Gerth
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • N. Vinokurov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  Daresbury Laboratory is currently building an Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) that will operate at a beam energy of 35 MeV. In this paper we examine the Space Charge effects on the beam dynamics in the ERLP injector line. This is done in two distinct ways. The first is based on an analytic formula derived by Vinokurov through the envelope equations and a Kapchinsky-Vladimirsky (KV) distribution. This formula gives a rough estimate of the space charge effects in the case that no quadrupoles or dipoles are present in the injector line. The second estimate is given by the multi-particle tracking code ASTRA for the whole injector line both with and without quadrupoles. Both methods are compared and are found to be in good agreement. Typical examples of injector lines are given together with specific calculations for the ERLP.  
 
MOPKF062 Choice of Arc Design for the ERL Prototype at Daresbury Laboratory dipole, sextupole, linac, beam-transport 452
 
  • H.L. Owen, B.D. Muratori
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The choice of arc design for the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) to be built at Daresbury Laboratory is investigated. Both the overall merits and disadvantages of a TBA arc and Bates bend are considered, and space restrictions particular to Daresbury Laboratory given. Some magnet parameters are given together with a summary of the layout of the ERLP.  
 
MOPKF066 Magnetic Design of a Focusing Undulator for ALPHA-X undulator, focusing, electron, permanent-magnet 464
 
  • B.J.A. Shepherd, J.A. Clarke
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  ALPHA-X is a four-year project shared between several research groups in the UK to build a laser-plasma accelerator and produce coherent short-wavelength radiation in an FEL. The FEL undulator will be a 1.5m long, 100 period permanent magnet device with a minimum gap of 3.5mm and a peak field of 0.7T. To focus the beam inside the undulator, several schemes were examined. In the scheme that was selected, the magnet blocks are designed so that the pole face is an approximation of a parabola. This focuses the beam horizontally and vertically. The magnetic design of the undulator is complete; design of the support structure is well under way. Test pieces have been built to ensure that the clamping arrangement is strong enough to cope with the magnetic forces involved. The complete undulator will be built in late 2004 at Daresbury Laboratory, and tested on-site in the new magnet test facility.  
 
MOPKF070 Design of Injector Systems for LUX emittance, linac, gun, cathode 476
 
  • S.M. Lidia
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  The LUX concept [1] for a superconducting recirculating linac based ultrafast x-ray facility features a unique high-brightness electron beam injector. The design of the injector complex that meets the baseline requirements for LUX are presented. A dual-rf gun injector provides both high-brightness electron beams to drive the cascaded, seeded harmonic generation VUV-soft x-ray FELs as well as the ultra- low-vertical emittance ('flat') beams that radiate in hard x-ray spontaneous emission synchrotron beamlines. Details of the injector complex design and performance characteristics are presented. Contributions by the thermal emittance and optical pulse shaping to the beam emission at the photocathode and to the beam dynamics throughout the injector are presented. Techniques that seek to optimize the injector performance, as well as constraints that prevent straightforward optimization, are discussed.  
 
MOPKF071 Study of Row Phase Dependent Skew Quadrupole Fields in Apple-II type EPUs at the ALS polarization, undulator, focusing, lattice 479
 
  • C. Steier, S. Marks, S. Prestemon, D. Robin, R.D. Schlueter, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  Since about 5 years, Apple-II type Elliptically Polarizing Undulators (EPU) have been used very successfully at the ALS to generate high brightness photon beams with arbitrary polarization. However, both EPUs installed so far cause significant changes of the vertical beamsize, especially when the row phase is changed to change the polarization of the photons emitted. The effect has been measured in detail and turned out to be caused by a row phase dependent skew quadrupole term in the EPUs. Magnetic measurements revealed the same effect for the third EPU to be installed later this year. All measurements to identify and quantify the effect with beam will be presented, as well as results of magnetic bench measurements and numeric field simulations.  
 
MOPKF073 Design Study of the Bending Sections between Harmonic Cascade FEL Stages sextupole, dipole, electron, simulation 485
 
  • W. Wan, J.N. Corlett, W. Fawley, A. Zholents
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The present design of LUX (linac based ultra-fast X-ray facility) includes a harmonic cascade FEL chain to generate coherent EUV and soft X-ray radiation. Four cascade stages, each consisting of two undulators acting as a modulator and a radiator, respectively, are envisioned to produce photons of approximate wavelengths 48 nm, 12 nm, 4 nm and 1 nm. Bending sections may be placed between the modulator and the radiator of each stage to adjust and maintain bunching of the electrons, to separate, in space, photons of different wavelengths and to optimize the use of real estate. In this note, the conceptual design of such a bending section, which may be used at all four stages, is presented. Preliminary tracking results show that it is possible to maintain bunch structure of nm length scale in the presence of errors, provided that there is adequate orbit correction and there are 2 families of trim quads and trim skew quads, respectively, in each bending section.  
 
MOPKF080 Controlling Emittance Growth in an FEL Beam Conditioner emittance, undulator, lattice, electron 503
 
  • P. Emma, G.V. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  It has been proposed [*] to 'condition' an electron beam prior to the undulator of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) by increasing each particle's energy in proportion to the square of its transverse betatron amplitude. This conditioning enhances FEL gain by reducing the axial velocity spread within the electron bunch. Previosly [**] we presented a system that allows conditioning of the beam on a relatively short distance, however, it suffers from projected beam emittance growth to the extent that makes it impractical for application for X-ray FELs. In this paper we extend analysis proposed by A. Wolski for general requirements to the conditioner which does not have such emittance growth. We also present a possible implementation of a beam conditioner consisting of multiple solenoid cells in combination with quadrupole magnets. Simulations show that in such a system the emittance growth can be suppressed to acceptable level, albeit in a longer system.

* A. Sessler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, 309 (1992).** P. Emma and G. Stupakov. PRSTAB, 6, 030701 (2003).

 
 
MOPKF086 Modifications of the LCLS Photoinjector Beamline emittance, laser, gun, linac 521
 
  • C. Limborg-Deprey, D. Dowell, S.M. Gierman
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The LCLS Photoinjector beamline is now in the Design and Engineering stage. The fabrication and installation of this beamline is scheduled for the summer 2006. The Photoinjector will deliver 10 ps long electron bunches of 1nC with a normalized transverse emittance of less than 1 mm.mrad for 80% of the slices constituting the core of the bunch at 135 MeV. In this paper, we describe some modifications of the beamline: new exit energy, additional focusing, insertion of a laser heater. We also describe an alternate tuning which is based on a laser pulse of 20ps. The advantages and drawbacks of this long pulse tuning are reviewed. A comparison of sensitivity to field errors and misalignment between the long pulse tuning and the nominal tuning is given.  
 
MOPLT018 Aperture and Delivery Precision of the LHC Injection System injection, extraction, vacuum, kicker 572
 
  • B. Goddard, M. Gyr, J.-B. Jeanneret, V. Kain, M. Lamont, V. Maire, V. Mertens, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Geneva
  The main LHC injection elements in interaction regions 2 and 8 comprise the injection septa (MSI), the injection kicker (MKI), together with three families of passive protection devices (TDI, TCDD and TCLI). The apertures of the injection septa for the injected and two circulating beams are detailed with a new enlarged vacuum chamber and final septum alignment. The circulating beam aperture of the TDI is detailed with a new TDI support design and modified vacuum tank alignment. A modified TCDD shape is also presented and the implications for the aperture and protection level discussed. The various errors in the SPS, the transfer lines and the injection system, which contribute to injection errors, are analysed, and the expected performance of the system is derived, in terms of the expected delivery precision of the injected beam.  
 
MOPLT025 Status and Plans for the SPS to LHC Beam Transfer Lines TI 2 and TI 8 injection, optics, extraction, alignment 593
 
  • V. Mertens, B. Goddard, T. Risselada
    CERN, Geneva
  Beam transfer from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be done through the two transfer lines TI 2 and TI 8, presently under construction, with a combined length of about 5.6 km. The final layout, optics design and correction scheme for these lines will be presented. The requirement of simultaneously matching their geometry and optics with that of the LHC will be treated, including the methodology for alignment of the elements along the line and a proposed solution in the final matching section. After the commissioning of the short transfer line TT40 just upstream of TI 8 in 2003, beam tests of the whole of TI 8 are scheduled for autumn 2004, with the aim to validate many of the new features and mechanisms involved in the future control and operation of these lines. The status of the installation will be described, comprising the progress with infrastructure, services and line elements. An outlook will be given for the work remaining until 2007.  
 
MOPLT028 In-Situ Vibration Measurements of the CTF2 Quadrupoles resonance, alignment, linac, lattice 602
 
  • S. Redaelli, W. Coosemans
    CERN, Geneva
  The Compact LInear Collider (CLIC), presently under study at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), aims at colliding high-energy ‘‘nanobeams'' at a luminosity of 10$35$\,cm-2s-1. Vibrations of the lattice elements, if not properly corrected, can result in a loss in performance by creating both unacceptable emittance growth in the linear accelerator and relative beam-beam offsets at the interaction point. Of particular concern are the vibrations induced by the accelerator environment. For example, the circulating water used to cool the lattice quadrupoles will increase magnet vibration levels. In the framework of the CLIC stability study, in-situ measurements of quadrupole vibrations have been performed at the CLIC Test Facility 2 (CTF2) with all accelerator equipment switched on. Since the CTF2 quadrupoles and their alignment support structures are realistic prototypes of those to be used in the CLIC linac, the measurements provide a realistic estimate of the CLIC magnet vibrations in a realistic accelerator working environment.  
 
MOPLT030 Performance Limits and IR Design of a Possible LHC Luminosity Upgrade Based on Nb-Ti SC Magnet Technology luminosity, radiation, insertion, superconducting-magnet 608
 
  • F. Ruggiero, O.S. Brüning, R. Ostojic, L. Rossi, W. Scandale, T.M. Taylor
    CERN, Geneva
  • A. Devred
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  We investigate the maximum LHC performance for a possible IR design based on classical Nb-Ti insertion magnets. We then extend our analysis to a ternary Nb-based ductile alloy such as Nb-Ti-Ta, a less developed but relatively cheap super-conducting material which would allow us to gain about 1 T of peak field on the coils, and discuss the corresponding luminosity reach for a possible LHC upgrade compared to that based on Nb3Sn magnet technology.  
 
MOPLT034 Possible Causes and Consequences of Serious Failures of the LHC Machine Protection System dumping, extraction, injection, kicker 620
 
  • J.A. Uythoven, R. Filippini, B. Goddard, M. Gyr, V. Kain, R. Schmidt, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Geneva
  The LHC machine protection systems, including the beam dumping system, are designed to ensure that failures leading to serious damage to the LHC during its lifetime are extremely unlikely. These kind of failures have to date been considered as being ?beyond the design case?, for instance requiring a combination of equipment failure and surveillance failure. However, they need to be evaluated to determine the required safety levels of the protection systems. A second objective is to understand if measures can and should be taken to further reduce the probability of such failures, or to minimise their impact. This paper considers various serious failure modes of the different machine protection systems. The probable consequences and possible ameliorating measures of the worst-case scenarios are discussed. The particular case of having a stored beam with an unavailable beam dumping system is mentioned, together with possible actions to be taken in such an event.  
 
MOPLT044 Longitudinal Positron Polarisation in HERA-II luminosity, optics, collider, proton 644
 
  • E. Gianfelice-Wendt, D.P. Barber, F. Brinker, W. Decking, J. Keil, M. Vogt, F.J. Willeke
    DESY, Hamburg
  Following the installation of two more pairs of spin rotators in the course of the HERA Luminosity Upgrade, longitudinal positron spin polarisation has now been generated simultaneously at all three positron(electron) interaction points in HERA at the routine energy of 27.5 GeV. The maximum attained so far is 54 percent. The theoretical maximum for this configuration and in the presence of realistic errors is 57.0 percent. This is the first time in the history of high energy electron storage ring physics that the naturally occurring vertical polarisation has been, with the aid of spin rotators, converted to longitudinal polarisation at three interaction points simultaneously. We describe the measures needed to attain polarisation in light of the HERA Upgrade and the resulting recent performance.  
 
MOPLT047 Lattice Design Study for HESR lattice, sextupole, target, focusing 653
 
  • Y. Senichev, S. An, K. Bongardt, R. Eichhorn, A. Lehrach, R. Maier, S. Martin, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle
    FZJ/IKP, Jülich
  The important feature of High Energy Storage Ring is the combination of phase space cooled beams with internal targets, which allows to reach high luminosities up to 2*1032cm-2s-1. However, the requirement to have the strongly focused beam on the target causes the high chromaticity value on the target straight section and as in result to the squeezing of dynamic aperture after sextupole correction of the chromaticity. Simultaneously, the momentum-compaction factor is one of the most important characteristics of an accelerator, which defines the collective instability threshold. Therefore, the HESR lattice has to have the following features: low or negative momentum compaction factor, dispersion free straight sections, convenient method to correct the chromaticity by the sextupoles, sufficiently large dynamic aperture. In this work we develop lattice, which meets all these requirements for HESR.  
 
MOPLT048 High Current Switch-mode Power Converter Prototype for LHC Project 6kA, 8V simulation, collider, power-supply, positron 656
 
  • E. Jauregi, J.M. Del Río, J.M. Dela Fuente, M. Tellería, J.R. Zabaleta
    JEMA GJ, Lasarte-Oria
  • F. Bordry, V. Montabonnet
    CERN, Geneva
  • E.F. Figueres
    E.T.S.I.I., Valencia
  For the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator being constructed on the CERN site, very precise variable DC currents are required. The company JEMA had during year 2002, designed, manufactured and tested a power converter prototype according to CERN specifications, particularly demanding in terms of dc stability and dynamic response. The power converter is formed by four sub-converters 8V, 2kA in parallel. Isolation between mains input and magnet load is at high frequency done, 40 kHz, which means a volume reduction and better mains perturbations rejection. IGBT inverter soft switch-mode power conversion in ZVS operation reduces dramatically commutation losses, increasing total efficiency of the power converter. The sub-converter, regulated by a wide band width current loop in ACC mode, follows the current reference calculated by the overall voltage loop, providing a good sharing of the output currents and high output stability. The design of the water cooled power converter, results in a very reduce volume and modular structure, providing the system a very flexible exchangeability. The power converter was tested and accepted by CERN into year 2003, some minor points were left to be adjusted during the pre-series stage.  
 
MOPLT050 High-beta and Very High-beta Optics for LHC optics, insertion, scattering, power-supply 662
 
  • A. Faus-Golfe
    IFIC, Valencia
  • A. Verdier
    CERN, Geneva
  New high-beta and very high-beta optics has been sought in order to find the best possible configuration for measuring total cross section in TOTEM and absolute luminosity in ATLAS. They are based on nominal powering scheme of the low-beta triplet. A list of the various possible solution is given in this report. A particularly interesting solution has been found for a case where the phase advance in both planes at the detector location are close to pi/2.  
 
MOPLT055 RF Excitation of Linear and Curved Sections of the CRFQ Project radio-frequency, rfq, simulation, proton 677
 
  • D. Davino
    Universita' degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento
  • L. Campajola, V.G. Vaccaro
    Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  • A. Ruggiero
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The Circular Radiofrequency Quadrupole is basically a Linear Radio-Frequency Quadrupole completely bent on a circle. A 30-keV prototype is being presently designed and manufactured for testing of the fundamental principles within the scope of a collaboration between BNL and Italian research centers. The storage ring is made of a proton source, a Linear RfQ section 70 cm long, for injection and matching, and eight Curved sections also each about 70 cm long. The proton beam is provided by a modified RF source with electrostatic acceleration at the emittance, intensity and energy required by the beam dynamics.The design of the initial linear prototype is based on a 4-rods geometry having a beam gap diameter of 10mm, and circular 10mm diameters rods. The sector is placed in a 150mm diameter pipe, making it as a very compact structure. The dimensions of the device are adjusted to resonate at 202.56 MHz. A RF power source will be soon available to test the device. The paper describes the compact RF cells arrangement in the design of the two sections.  
 
MOPLT078 The Coupling Compensation and Measurement in the Interaction Region of BEPCII coupling, simulation, luminosity, interaction-region 728
 
  • C.H. Yu, G. Xu
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  The detector solenoid field in the BEPCII interaction region will be compensated by 6 anti-solenoids, which are located nearby the interaction point. The coupling compensation scheme and the method to tune the x-y coupling at the interaction point will be introduced in detail.  
 
MOPLT099 NSC KIPT Accelerator on Nuclear and high Energy Physics dipole, electron, target, injection 761
 
  • I.S. Guk, A. Dovbnya, S.G. Kononenko, A.S. Tarasenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • J.I.M. Botman, M.J. Van der Wiel
    TUE, Eindhoven
  One of the main reasons for the outflow of experts in nuclear physics and adjacent areas of science from Ukraine is the absence of modern accelerating facilities, for conducting research in the present fields of interest worldwide in this area of knowledge. A qualitatively new level of research can be achieved by the construction of a new generation accelerator applying the latest developments in the field of electron beam acceleration, in particular on the basis of superconducting accelerating structures of the TESLA type. Such structures may be used for continuous, polarized electron beams, which is crucial e.g. for thin(?) experiments checking modern theoretical models of interactions of nuclear substance, and for beams with high current and extremely short pulses for research in free electron laser and neutron physics. Such a facility will create an opportunity for carrying out research representing the interest of scientists from other countries, which will promote the integration of Ukrainian science into European and worldwide research.  
 
MOPLT100 Magnetic Structure of the NSC KIPT Nuclear-and-high-energy-physics Electron Accelerator electron, storage-ring, injection, dipole 764
 
  • I.S. Guk, A. Dovbnya, S.G. Kononenko, F.A. Peev, A.S. Tarasenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • J.I.M. Botman, M.J. Van der Wiel
    TUE, Eindhoven
  Design options of the magnetic structure of a new proposed accelerator facility at NSC KIPT with a continuous-wave electron beam are described. The accelerator represents a recirculator, based on standard TESLA superconducting accelerating sections in one or two straight sections with a length of 5 or 19 meters. The magnetic system is designed on the basis of the magnetic elements of storage ring EUTERPE, transferred by Eindhoven University to NSC KIPT. The focusing and dispersion functions for several design choices of the magnetic structure are reported. Modeling of the beam movement in the accelerator has been carried out; the beam parameters during acceleration and on accelerator output have been calculated.  
 
MOPLT112 Optimizing Non-Scaling FFAG Lattices for Rapid Acceleration acceleration, lattice, electron, factory 800
 
  • C. Johnstone
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • S.R. Koscielniak
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  A linear approach to fixed field acceleration was first proposed [*,**] and successfully developed to support the rapid and large-emittance acceleration of muons for a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. Lattices have evolved from a simple F0D0-cell base as first proposed to a slightly more complex layout that has been referred to as a triplet configuration. In this work a methodology is developed for optimizing nonscaling lattices which demonstrates that the appropriate description is minimum momentum compaction, alpha=(dL/L)/(dp/p). Further, the triplet configuration is not used conventionally as a focusing telescope, but rather its optics is shown to resemble that of a F0D0-cell. This methodology is then used to propose and compare lattices for muon acceleration. Specifically a 2.5-5, 5-10, and 10-20 GeV/c lattice is proposed for muon acceleration and also one for a small, 10-20 MeV/c electron prototype machine.

* C. Johnstone, "FFAG Non-scaling Lattice Design", talk, Proc 4th Int Conf on the Physics Potential and Development of the m+ m- Colliders, San Francisco, CA Dec.10-12, 1997, pgs 696-698** F. Mills, "Linear Orbit Recirculators", ibid, pgs 693-696

 
 
MOPLT121 Water Flow Vibration Effect on the NLC RF Structure-girder System RF-structure, linac, simulation, coupling 821
 
  • C. Boffo, T.T. Arkan, E. Borissov, H. Carter
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • F. Le Pimpec, A. Seryi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  In order to meet the vibration budget for the Next Linear Collider main Linac components, the vibration sources in the NLC girder are being studied. The activity is focused on the vibration induced by the cooling water flow for the 60 cm long accelerating copper structures. Understanding the vibration in the structures will enable us to push forward the design of the interface between the structures and the quadrupoles. This paper reports on the ongoing work and presents results from experimental data as well as finite element simulations.  
 
MOPLT139 Beam-based Alignment and Beta Function Measurements in PEP-II closed-orbit, simulation, sextupole, luminosity 866
 
  • G. Yocky, J. Nelson, M.C. Ross, T.J. Smith, J.L. Turner, M. Woodley
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Careful optics studies and stringent lattice control have been identified as two key components to increasing PEP-II luminosity. An accurate, trusted BPM system is required for both of these strategies. To validate the existing BPM system and to better understand some optical anomalies in the PEP-II rings, an aggressive program of beam-based alignment (BBA) has been initiated. Using a quad-shunt BBA procedure in which a quadrupole?s field strength is varied over a range of beam positions, relative offsets are determined by the BPM readings at which quadrupole field changes no longer induce a closed orbit shift. This procedure was verified in the HER and is well underway in the LER IR. We have found many surprisingly large BPM offsets, some over one centimeter, as well as a number of locations where the current nominal orbit is several millimeters from the quadrupole center. Tune versus quadrupole field data were taken during the BBA process in the LER IR, and the non-linear response in each case is compared to simulation to infer local beta functions.  
 
MOPLT142 Analysis of KEK-ATF Optics and Coupling Using LOCO coupling, emittance, sextupole, focusing 872
 
  • M. Woodley, J. Nelson, M.C. Ross
    SLAC/NLC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Wolski
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  LOCO is a computer code for analysis of the linear optics in a storage ring based on the closed orbit response to steering magnets. The analysis provides information on focusing errors, BPM gain and rotation errors, and local coupling. Here, we discuss the details of the LOCO implementation at the KEK-ATF Damping Ring, and report the initial results. Some of the information obtained, for example on the BPM gain and coupling errors, has not previously been determined. We discuss the possibility of using the data provided by the LOCO analysis to reduce the vertical emittance of the ATF beam.  
 
MOPLT176 Mechanism of Electron Multipacting with a Long Bunch Proton Beam electron, dipole, proton, simulation 938
 
  • L. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • R.J. Macek
    LANL/LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  The mechanism of electron multipacting in long bunched proton machine has been quantitatively described by the electron energy gain and electron motion. Some important parameters related to electron multipacting are investigated in detail. It is proved that multipacting is sensitive to beam intensity, longitudinal beam profile shape and transverse beam size. Agreement is achieved among our analysis, simulation and experiment.  
 
TUYLH02 Low and Medium Energy Beam Acceleration in High Intensity Linacs linac, rfq, lattice, beam-losses 108
 
  • J. Stovall
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  In the past two years accelerator builders have published papers describing mature designs of no fewer than 7 new high-performance proton linacs. These machines are typically designed to deliver multi-megawatt beams for applications in pure and applied research. All of these machines use the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac for the first stage of acceleration to reach an energy of a few MeV. In essentially all cases, superconducting elliptical cavities have been adopted as the technology of choice for acceleration above ~100 MeV. Between the RFQ and the high-energy elliptical cavities, designers have proposed no fewer than 6 different types of accelerating structures. In many cases these structures are reaching maturity as a result of active development programs. In this paper, we review the design architectures of the ?low and medium energy? portions of these machines emphasizing recent experience and developments applicable to high-current linac designs.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
TUYLH03 Challenges facing the Generation of MW Proton Beams using Rapid Cycling Synchrotrons injection, proton, electron, extraction 113
 
  • Y. Irie
    KEK, Ibaraki
  The MW proton source using rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) has many challenging aspects, such as (1) large aperture magnets and much higher RF voltages per turn due to a low energy injection and a large and rapid swing of the magnetic field, (2) field tracking between many magnet-families under slightly saturated conditions, (3) RF trapping with fundamental and higher harmonic cavities, (4) H- charge stripping foil, (5) large acceptance injection and extraction straights, (6) beam loss collection, and (7) beam instabilities. These are discussed in details mainly on the basis of the J-PARC 3GeV RCS, which is under construction in Japan. Issues (3) to (7) are common with another scheme of MW spallation neutron source, i.e. full-energy linac + accumulator ring. Comparisons with the SNS design in the US are then made. Reliability/availability of these machines is very important theme which finally determines the successful operations. From the experiences in the existing machines, we will discuss the factors necessary toward the better performance.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
TUPKF022 Constructionand Testing of the Beta=0.31, 352 MHz Superconducting Half-wave Resonator for the SPES Project linac, vacuum, coupling, proton 1012
 
  • A. Facco, W. Lu, F. Scarpa
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • E. Chiaveri, R. Losito
    CERN, Geneva
  • V. Zviagintsev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  The interest in low- and medium- beta superconducting cavities is presently focused to future high intensity proton, deuteron and heavy ion linacs. A particular application is acceleration of cw and pulsed beams of variable q/A, which requires cavities with a small number of gaps and excellent mechanical stability. We have designed and constructed a 2 gap, 352 MHz SC half wave cavity aiming to similar characteristics and fitting the requirements of the intermediate-beta section of the LNL-SPES driver. The status of the project and the first test results will be presented.  
 
TUPLT006 Simple Analytic Formulae for the Properties of Nonscaling FFAG Lattices lattice, injection, betatron, radio-frequency 1138
 
  • S.R. Koscielniak
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  • M.K. Craddock
    UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia
  A hallmark of the "non-scaling" FFAG lattices recently proposed for neutrino factories and muon colliders is that a wide range of momentum is compacted into a narrow radial band; dL/L is of order 10(-3) for dp/p of order unity. This property is associated with the use of F0D0 or FDF triplet lattices in which the F magnet provides a reverse bend. In this paper simple analytic formulae for key lattice properties, such as orbit displacement and path length as a function of momentum, are derived from thin-element models. These confirm the parabolic dependence of path-length on momentum observed with standard orbit codes, reveal the factors which should be adjusted to minimize its variation, and form a useful starting point for the thick-element design (for which analytic formulae are also presented). A key result is that optimized doublet, F0D0 and triplet cells of equal length and phase advance have equal path-length performance. Finally, in the context of a 10-20 GeV/c muon ring, the thin-element formulae are compared against lattice optical properties computed for thick-element systems; the discrepancies are small overall, and most discernible for the triplet lattices.  
 
TUPLT007 The CERN-SPL Chopper Concept and Final Layout vacuum, linac, proton, antiproton 1141
 
  • F. Caspers, Y. Cuvet, J. Genest, M. Haase, M. Paoluzzi, A. Teixeira
    CERN, Geneva
  The fast chopper for the CERN SPL (Superconducting Proton Linac) consists of a double meander structure with a beta (v/c) value of 8 % printed on an alumina substrate for the deflecting plates. Each chopper unit is 50 cm long and housed in a quadrupole magnet surrounding the vacuum chamber. The deflecting plates are operated simultaneously in a dual mode, namely traveling wave mode for frequencies above about 10 MHz and as quasi electro-static deflectors below. The deflecting structures are water-cooled to handle heating from beam losses as well as from the deflecting signal. A detailed mechanical layout is presented including the tri-axial feeding and termination technique as well as a discussion of the drive amplifier  
 
TUPLT009 Trajectory Correction Studies for the CNGS Proton Beam Line injection, proton, simulation, extraction 1147
 
  • M. Meddahi, W. Herr
    CERN, Geneva
  The performance of the proposed trajectory correction scheme for the CNGS proton beam line was checked with an advanced simulation program. It was first investigated whether the scheme will be sufficient, and if some correctors or monitors could be suppressed in order to reduce the cost. The correction scheme was in particular tested for the case of faulty correctors or monitors. Possible critical scenarios were identified, which may not be visible in a purely statistical analysis. This part of the analysis was largely based on the experience with trajectory and orbit correction problems encountered in the SPS and LEP. The simulation of the trajectory correction procedure was done using recently developed software.  
 
TUPLT012 Adjusting the IP Beta-functions in RHIC. lattice, simulation, optics, power-supply 1156
 
  • W. Wittmer, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  • F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, J. Van Zeijts
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The beta- functions at the IP can be adjusted without perturbation of other optics functions via several approaches. In this paper we describe a scheme based on a vector knob, which assigns fixed values to the different tuning quadrupoles and scales them by a common multiplier. The values for the knob vector were calculated for a lattice without any errors using MADX. Previous studies for the LHC have shown that this approach can meet the design goals. A specific feature of the RHIC lattice is the nested power supply system. To cope with the resulting problems a detailed response matrix analysis has been carried out and different sets of knobs were calculated and compared. The knobs are tested at RHIC during the 2004 run and preliminary results maybe discussed. Simultaneously a new approach to measure the beam sizes of both colliding beams at the IP, based on the tune ability provided by the knobs, was developed and tested.  
 
TUPLT013 Calculating LHC Tuning Knobs using Various Methods lattice, optics, storage-ring, closed-orbit 1159
 
  • W. Wittmer, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  By measuring and adjusting the beta-functions at the IP the luminosity is being optimized. In LEP this was done with the two closest doublet magnets. This approach is not applicable for the LHC due to the asymmetric lattice and common beam pipe through the triplet magnets. To control and change the beta-functions quadrupole groups situated on both sides further away from the IP have to be used where the two beams are already separated. The quadrupoles are excited in specific linear combinations, forming the so-called tuning knobs for the IP beta-functions. We compare the performance of such knobs calculated by different methods: (1) matching in MAD, (2) inversion of the re-sponse matrix and singular value decomposition inversion and conditioning and (3) conditioning the response matrix by multidimensional minimization using Hessian method.  
 
TUPLT019 Nonlinear Effects Studies for a Large Acceptance Collector Ring sextupole, optics, dynamic-aperture, lattice 1177
 
  • A. Dolinskii, K. Beckert, P. Beller, B.  Franzke, F. Nolden, M. Steck
    GSI, Darmstadt
  A large acceptance collector ring (CR) is designed for fast cooling of rare isotope and antiproton beams, which will be used for nuclear physics experiments in the frame of the new international accelerator facility recently proposed at GSI. This contribution describes the linear and non-linear optimisation used to derive a lattice solution with good dynamic behaviour simultaneously meeting the demands for very fast stochastic cooling for two optical modes (for rare isotope and antiproton beams). Effects due to non-linear field contributions of the magnet field in dipoles and quadrupoles are very critical in this ring. Using a single particle dynamics approach, the major magnetic non-linearities of the CR are studied. We discuss the particle dynamics of the dipole and quadrupole fringe fields and the their influence on the dynamic aperture and on the tune. Additionally, the CR will be operated at the transition energy (isochronous mode) for time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometery of short-lived radioactive ions. For this mode a specific correction scheme is required to reach a high degree of isochronism over a large acceptance.  
 
TUPLT028 Development of Finger Drift Tube Linacs booster, focusing, rfq, multipole 1204
 
  • K.-U. Kuehnel, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • C.P. Welsch
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  At higher particle energies the efficiency of RFQs decreases and DTL structures in combination with magnetic quadrupoles are used. One approach at IAP is the combination of RFQ and DTL. To compensate the defocusing effects of a DTL structure, the accelerating gaps of a spiral loaded cavity were equiped with small focusing fingers. These fingers arranged in a quadrupole symmetry provide an additional focusing field component. The beam dynamics of such a cavity has been studied with PARMTEQ. Simulations of the rf properties have been done using microwave studio. A prototype of a spiral loaded cavity with finger drift tubes has been built and low power measurement were made. Results of the calculations as well as low level and bead pertubation measurements are presented in this contribution.  
 
TUPLT029 Status of the Superconducting D+-CH-DTL Design for IFMIF rfq, simulation, linac, space-charge 1207
 
  • A.C. Sauer, H. Deitinghoff, H. Klein, H. Liebermann, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  Within the IFMIF project (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) a high current D+-linac operated in cw mode has to be developed. The acceleration of a 125 mA D+-beam from 0.1 MeV up to 40 MeV must be performed at an extremely low loss rate (0.1-0.2 microA/m). One optional layout of the acceleration facility consists of a high current ion source, low energy beam transport (LEBT), Radio-Frequency-Quadrupol (RFQ) followed by a superconducting H-type DTL. The matching of the beam between subsequent linac sections has to be carefully optimized to avoid an activation of the structures. Actual beam dynamics simulations for such a linac design including parameter errors of components are reported. Consequences for the LEBT- and RFQ-section are discussed.  
 
TUPLT034 Beam Dynamics Studies for the Low Energy Section at MAFF rfq, emittance, ion, focusing 1219
 
  • M. Pasini, D. Habs, O. Kester
    LMU, München
  • A. Bechtold, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  For the LINAC of the Munich accelerator for fission fragments (MAFF) a new scheme for the low energy section has been proposed in order to fulfill new experimental requirements, such as time spacing between bunches and low longitudinal emittance. The proposed solution consists in a combination of an external multi-harmonic buncher with a "traditional" RFQ with a shaper and an adiabatic bunching section included where the employment of the external buncher is upon request from the experiment. The matching section downstream the RFQ has been re-designed in order to allow room for the installation of a beam cleaning section and to a proper injection into the following DTL. Details about the optics and beam dynamics studies of the low energy section are presented in this paper.  
 
TUPLT035 Online Calculation of the Beam Trajectory in the HERA Interaction Regions alignment, proton, interaction-region, synchrotron 1222
 
  • F. Brinker
    DESY, Hamburg
  During the HERA luminosity upgrade the new super conducting mini beta quadrupoles have been placed inside the experiments for final focussing and separation of the lepton and proton beams. The synchrotron radiation of up to 12 kW produced in these magnets passes through the detector and is absorbed behind the experiments. In order to avoid background events from synchrotron radiation it is a mandatory to adjust precisely the beam trajectory before and inside the detector. A procedure has been developed to calculate the trajectory in the interaction regions. With a beam-based alignment the offsets of the beam with respect to the quadrupoles is measured. From this measurement the offsets of the quadrupoles and of the beam position monitors are fitted. With the knowledge of these offsets the trajectory of the beam is calculated with high precision. The display of the trajectory is online available as an operational tool for beam steering and background optimization.  
 
TUPLT038 Closed Orbit Correction and Orbit Stabilisation Scheme for the 6 GEV Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III emittance, closed-orbit, ground-motion, insertion 1231
 
  • G.K. Sahoo, K. Balewski, W. Decking, Y.L. Li
    DESY, Hamburg
  PETRA III is a 6 GeV synchrotron light source being reconstructed out of the existing storage ring PETRA II. It will have a horizontal beam emittance of 1nm.rad and a 1% emittance ratio. Since the vertical beam sizes are ~5?10 micron in the low gap undulators sections the beam position stability requirement in the vertical plane is between 0.5 and 1 micron whereas the stability requirement in the horizontal plane is more relaxed. In this paper determination of golden orbit in the presence of magnetic field errors and magnet misalignments and correction of vertical spurious dispersion is discussed. A scheme of slow and fast orbit correction using the SVD algorithm has been developed. The distribution of monitors and the location of slow and fast correctors are reported. Estimations of the parameters of the fast orbit feedback have been derived from present measurements on PETRA II.  
 
TUPLT039 An Electrostatic Quadrupole Doublet with an Integrated Steerer storage-ring, ion, focusing, coupling 1234
 
  • C.P. Welsch, M. Grieser, J. Ullrich
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • C. Glaessner
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  Electrostatic storage rings have proven to be a valuable tool for atomic and molecular physics Due to the mass independence of the fields in the bending and focusing elements, different kinds of ions with the same charge/energy ratio from light protons to very heavy biomolecules, can be stored with the same field setup. The transverse dimensions of the circulating beam are controlled by electrostatic quadrupole doublets or triplets. It is essential that the fields in these lenses can be adjusted independently one from another to allow an exact control of the stored ions. In this paper, first an overview of the principle of electrostatic lenses is given. After a short discussion of fringe field effects, the results of field calculations are presented and the final layout of an electrostatic quadrupole doublet with an integrated steerer as it will be used in future electrostatic storage rings in Frankfurt and Heidelberg is discussed.  
 
TUPLT040 CSR - a Cryogenic Storage Ring at MPI-K ion, electron, vacuum, storage-ring 1237
 
  • C.P. Welsch, J. Crespo López-Urrutia, M. Grieser, D. Orlov, C.D. Schroeter, D. Schwalm, J. Ullrich, A. Wolf, R. von Hahn
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • X. Urbain
    UCL CRC, Louvain-la-Neuve
  • D. Zajfman
    Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot
  A small cryogenic storage ring is planned to be developed at MPI-K, Heidelberg. The energy in the machine will be variable from 300 keV > down to 20 keV. Electron cooling will be applied to produce a high quality ion beam. The ring shall accommodate slow, vibrationally and rotationally cooled molecular ions and highly charged ions from the EBIT ion source. Moreover, it will serve as a test facility for the low-energy antiproton ring planned within the FLAIR collaboration to be installed at the future GSI facility. A number of technological challenges have to be handled: Especially highly charged ions require a vacuum in the order below 10-13 mbar to achieve reasonable lifetimes. Therefore - and for enabling experiments with rotationally cold molecules - the complete machine will be cooled down to below 10 K. Moreover, experiments with reaction microscopes to determine the full kinematics of ion- (antiproton-) atom or molecule collisions require a bunched operation with a bunch length below 2 ns. The optical elements of the machine and the lattice functions are given and first ideas about the vacuum chamber design are described in this paper.  
 
TUPLT042 Ring of FIRE ion, storage-ring, injection, lattice 1243
 
  • C.P. Welsch, J. Ullrich
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • R. Doerner, H. Schmidt-Boecking
    IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • C. Glaessner, K.-U. Kuehnel, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A small electrostatic storage ring is the central machine of the Frankfurt Ion stoRage Experiments which will be build up at the new Stern-Gerlach-Center of Frankfurt university. With ion energies up to 50 keV it will allow new methods to analyze complex many-particle systems from atoms to very large bio molecules. The high luminosity of the beam allows measurements with many orders of magnitude better resolution compared to traditional measurements. It will be combined with existing experiments, like the reaction microscope COLTRIMS and the ECR ion source. In comparison to earlier designs, the ring lattice was modified in many details: Problems in earlier designs were related with e.g. the detection of light particles and highly charged ions with different charge states. Therefore, the deflectors were redesigned completely, allowing a more flexible positioning of the diagnostics. In this contribution the final design of the storage ring is presented and the layout of all elements given. First results from vacuum measurements in the recently assembled quarter ring section are summarized.  
 
TUPLT051 Beam Optical Design of a Multi Charge Ion Recirculator for Charge Breeders ion, optics, dipole, space-charge 1267
 
  • R. Cee, W. Mittig, A.C.C. Villari
    GANIL, Caen
  Ions of high charge states as required for both stable and radioactive beams in order to optimally profit from the existing accelerating voltage can be produced by means of a charge breeder. However, the energy increase obtained is accompanied by an intensity decrease due to the low efficiency of the charge breeding process. With respect to the production of radioactive beams an enhancement of the breeding efficiency would be most desirable to avoid a high power primary beam as yet inevitable to counteract the loss in intensity. For this purpose the beam optics of an ion recirculation capable to separate the desired charge state and to reinject the remaining charge spectrum has been designed. The ions extracted from both sides of the charge breeder are focused by electrostatic quadrupole doublets and bent by two 180° dipole magnets. After one revolution the optics realises horizontally a (1:1) and vertically a (1:-1) point-to-point image independent from the charge state of the ions. The second order geometric aberrations as well as most of the chromatic aberrations vanish.  
 
TUPLT057 Beam Dynamics Studies for the Fault Tolerance Assessment of the PDS-XADS Linac Design linac, beam-losses, target, simulation 1282
 
  • J.-L. Biarrotte
    IPN, Orsay
  • M. Novati, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • H. Safa, D. Uriot
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  In order to meet the high availability/reliability required by the PDS-XADS design the accelerator needs to implement, to the maximum possible extent, a fault tolerance strategy that would allow beam operation in the presence of most of the envisaged faults that could occur in its beamline components. In this work we report the results of beam dynamics simulations performed to characterize the effects of the faults of the main linac components (cavities, deflecting and focusing magnets, …) on the beam parameters. The outcome of this activity is the definition of the possible corrective and preventive actions that could be conceived (and implemented in the system) in order to guarantee the fault tolerance characteristics of the accelerator.  
 
TUPLT058 High Intensity Linac Driver for the SPIRAL-2 Project : Design of Superconducting 88 MHz Quarter Wave Resonators (beta 0.12), Power Couplers and Cryomodules linac, ion, heavy-ion, resonance 1285
 
  • T. Junquera, J.-L. Biarrotte, S. Blivet, S. Bousson, C. Commeaux, G. Olry, H. Saugnac
    IPN, Orsay
  • P. Balleyguier
    CEA/DAM, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  • M. Fruneau, Y. Gomez-Martinez, E. Vernay, F. Vezzu
    LPSC, Grenoble
  A Superconducting Linac Driver, delivering deuterons with energy up to 40 MeV (5 mA) and heavy ions with energy of 14.5 MeV/u (1 mA ), is proposed for the Spiral-2 radioactive beams facility. For the high energy section of the linac, a superconducting 88 MHz Quarter Wave Resonator (beta 0.12) has been designed and the optimisation of RF and mechanical performances will be presented. Based on the present state-of-art of the Superconducting RF technology, maximum electric surface field of 40 MV/m and magnetic surface field of 80 mT, have been adopted which should allow to reach an accelerating field of 7 MV/m (energy gain 3 MeV per resonator). A first complete prototype is under construction. The high intensity deuteron beam specifications have imposed the design of an original power coupler (maximum power 20 KW). The RF, mechanical, and thermal characteristics will be presented. The design of the cryomodule for this high energy section, integrating two QWR with its associated equipments (couplers, tuners, helium tanks), will be presented.  
 
TUPLT059 Evolution of Optical Asymmetries in the Elettra Storage Ring betatron, optics, storage-ring, sextupole 1288
 
  • F. Iazzourene, S. Di Mitri, E. Karantzoulis, L. Tosi
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  Optical asymmetries have been measured and analyzed, before and after the magnet realignments. One way is to compare theoretical to measured orbit response matrices. Another way is to analyze the measured response matrix itself, by comparing the measured effects at identical optical positions. To evaluate the effects of the sextupoles on the optical asymmetries, the measurements have been performed with the sextupoles ON and OFF. The impact of a partial realignment is also analyzed both by varying the quadrupole excitations as well as by performing dispersion and coupling measurements. The results are presented in this paper.  
 
TUPLT061 Production and Transport of Radioactive Francium for Magneto-optical Trapping target, ion, extraction, laser 1294
 
  • G. Stancari, R. Calabrese, B. Mai, G. Stancari, L. Tomassetti
    INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara
  • S.N. Atutov, V. Guidi
    UNIFE, Ferrara
  • V. Biancalana, A. Burchianti, A. Khanbekyan, C. Marinelli, E. Mariotti, L. Moi, S. Veronesi
    UNISI, Siena
  • L. Corradi, A. Dainelli
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • P. Minguzzi, S. Sanguinetti
    UNIPI, Pisa
  An innovative facility for the production and trapping of francium isotopes is operating at the INFN laboratories in Legnaro, Italy. The goal is to obtain a dense cloud of cold and possibly polarized radioactive atoms for a wide range of fundamental studies. Among them are high-resolution laser spectroscopy, alpha-decay asymmetries from deformed nuclei, and tests of the standard model at low transferred momenta. The production of francium is achieved by sending a 100-MeV oxygen-18 beam from the Tandem-XTU accelerator on a thick gold target. The extraction of Fr+ is enhanced by heating the target to 1200 K and by biasing it at +3 kV. The ions are transported to the magneto-optical trap (MOT) through a 7-m electrostatic beam line. The diagnostic systems for monitoring the beam intensity (105 ions/s) are based on silicon detectors sensitive to the alpha particles from Fr decays. Beams of stable Rb+ can also be used for optimizing the transport and trapping processes. Prior to injection into the MOT the beam is neutralized and released in atomic form by a heated yttrium or zirconium foil. Details on the production, transport and neutralization processes are presented.  
 
TUPLT062 Design of the Proton Beam Line for the Trade Experiment target, dipole, emittance, cyclotron 1297
 
  • C. Ronsivalle, L. Picardi
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • S. Monti, F. Troiani
    ENEA C.R. Rome, Rome
  The TRADE (Triga Accelerator Driven Experiment)experiment, to be performed in the TRIGA reactor of the ENEA-Casaccia centre consists in the coupling of a 140-300 MeV, 0.5 mA proton beam produced by a cyclotron to a target hosted in the central thimble of the reactor scrammed to sub-criticality. A 30 m long beamline has been designed to transfer the beam injecting it from the top of the pool with special care of having low losses in TRIGA building where a limited shielding of the line is possible. A particular attention was paid to reduce the number and size of elements in the last part of the beamline that are immersed in the pool's water. The paper presents a description of the beam line, the design criteria and the results of beam dynamics calculations.  
 
TUPLT066 Study of a High-current 176 MHz RFQ as a Deuteron Injector for the SPES Project rfq, dipole, simulation, focusing 1306
 
  • M. Marchetto, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The SPES project, aimed at the construction of a RIB facility at LNL, is initially based on the use of a primary proton beam, but it foresees a future development based on the usage of deuterons and light ions. In this article we report about the preliminary study of a 176 MHz RFQ to be used as an injector for such kind of beams. The structure explored foresees a ?four ladder? symmetric resonator, built in brazed copper. In particular beam dynamics, electrodynamics design and preliminary thermo-structural analysis of the cavity is presented.  
 
TUPLT080 Design of the Beam Transportation Line from the Linac to the 3-GeV RCS for J-PARC injection, simulation, emittance, linac 1342
 
  • T. Ohkawa
    JAERI, Ibaraki-ken
  • M. Ikegami
    KEK, Ibaraki
  L3BT is beam transportation line from the linac to the 3-GeV RCS which is the part of the accelerators for the High-Intensity Proton Accelerator Facility Project, J-PARC. For the requirement of the beam loss minimization, the L3BT does not only connect the linac to the 3GeV RCS, but also modifies the linac beam to the acceptable shape for the 3-GeV RCS. The required beam parameters at the injection point of the RCS are momentum spread < ±0.1% (100%)and transverse emittance < 4pmm.mrad (99%). To achieve these beam qualities, the L3BT should have following functions: momentum compaction, halo scraping and beam diagnostics. In this paper, results of the design and beam simulation of the L3BT are presented.  
 
TUPLT085 J-PARC Construction and its Linac Commissioning linac, proton, synchrotron, site 1351
 
  • Y. Yamazaki
    JAERI/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  The J-PARC(Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) accelerator is under construction in JAERI Tokai site. The beam commissioning will be started there by the end of 2006. Prior to this, the front end of the linac was beam-commissioned in 2003 at KEK. The negative hydrogen beam with a peak current of 30 mA was accelerated up to 20 MeV by the first tank of three DTL's following the 3-MeV RFQ linac. The 324-MHz DTL contains the electro quadrupole magnets with water-cooling channels specially fabricated by means of electroforming and wire-cutting technologies. The construction status of the J-PARC accelerator is also presented.  
 
TUPLT087 Deflection Element for S-LSR storage-ring, ion, lattice, dipole 1357
 
  • M. Ikegami, H. Fadil, A. Noda, T. Shirai, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • T. Fujimoto, K. Noda, H. Ogawa, S. Shibuya, T. Takeuchi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • H. Okamoto
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  Main lattice of the ion storage and cooler ring, S-LSR is composed of 6 dipole and 12 quadrupole magnets. The maximum magnetic field, the radius of curvature and gap height are 0.95 T, 1050 mm and 70 mm, respectively. The field measurement of the dipole magnets has been completed with use of Hall-probe position controlled by driving mechanism composed of stepping motors and ball-screws. In order to cancel out the momentum dispersion, the radial electric field is superposed with the magnetic field. The radial electric field is applied by the electrodes installed into the vacuum vessel set inside the rather limited gap of the dipole magnet. Good field quality is to be realized with use of intermediate electrodes. In the present paper, the results of the magnetic field measurements are presented together with the design of the superposed electric field.  
 
TUPLT090 Combined Beam Dynamics Study of the RFQ and DTL for PEFP rfq, proton, emittance, simulation 1366
 
  • J.-H. Jang, Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon
    KAERI, Daejon
  One of the goals of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is to get 20 MeV proton beams of 20 mA through a 3 MeV RFQ and a 20 MeV DTL. This work is related to the combined beam dynamics study of the low energy proton accelerators in order to test the validity of the connection of the independently designed structures as well as to study the MEBT for beam transportation.  
 
TUPLT091 Fabrication Status of the PEFP 20 MeV DTL vacuum, proton, site, pick-up 1369
 
  • M.-Y. Park, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, Y.H. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
    KAERI, Daejon
  The PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) 20 MeV DTL have been constructed in KAERI site. The fabrication of the first tank is finished and the DT installation is in the process. We choose the pool-type electromagnets as the focusing magnet and 50 DTs will be installed on first tank. We tested the winding schemes of copper coils on the iron core and measured the magnetic field saturation.In this paper, the results of the tank fabrication and quadrupole magnet test are presented.  
 
TUPLT104 Particle Dynamics in the Low Energy Positron Toroidal Accumulator: First Experiments and Results electron, positron, septum, kicker 1396
 
  • G.V. Troubnikov, V. Antropov, E. Boltushkin, V. Bykovsky, A.I. Ivanov, S. Ivashkevich, A. Kobets, I.I. Korotaev, V. Lohmatov, I.N. Meshkov, D. Monahov, V. Pavlov, R. Pivin, I.A. Seleznev, A.O. Sidorin, A. Smirnov, E. Syresin, S. Yakovenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The project of Low Energy Particle Toroidal Accumulator (LEPTA) is dedicated to construction of a positron storage ring with electron cooling of positrons circulating in the ring. Such a peculiarity of the LEPTA enables it automatically to be a generator of positronium (Ps) atoms, which appear in recombination of positrons with cooling electrons inside the cooling section of the ring. The project has a few goals: to study electron and positron dynamics in the ring (particle motion in the horizontal and vertical planes are coupled contrary to of classic cycle accelerators), to set up first experiments with Ps in flight; Magnetic measurements of main LEPTA elements are performed. Several elements : kicker, injection system of electron beam, helical quadrupole, septum magnet are tested and expected design parameters were achieved for those elements. The investigations of electron beam dynamics are started. First results of experiments with circulating electron beam are presented and discussed in this article. Several beam diagnostic methods for studying of strong coupled motion of charged particles are proposed and tested.  
 
TUPLT124 DESIREE - A Double Electrostatic Storage Ring ion, vacuum, ion-source, storage-ring 1425
 
  • K.-G. Rensfelt, G. Andler, L. Bagge, M. Blom, H. Danared, A. Källberg, S. Leontein, L. Liljeby, P. Löfgren, A. Paal, A. Simonsson, Ö. Skeppstedt
    MSL, Stockholm
  • H. Cederquist, M. Larsson, H. Schmidt, K. Schmidt
    Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm
  The advantages of storage rings with only electrostatic elements were first demonstrated by ELISA in Aarhus and later in other places. At MSL and Fysikum at Stockholm University the ideas have been developed further in the Double Electrostatic Storage Ion Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE. Beams of negative and positive ions will be merged in a common straight section of the rings so that low energy collisions can be studied. Furthermore the rings will be cooled to 10 - 20 K in order to relax internal excitations in circulating molecules. A design report can be found at www.msl.se. The project is now (January 2004) almost fully financed and the final design work has recently been started. The paper will shortly review the physics programme and describe the status of the design work.  
 
TUPLT136 Proton Beam Line for the ISIS Second Target Station target, extraction, septum, dipole 1443
 
  • D.J. Adams
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The ISIS facility, based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, is an intense pulsed source of Muons and Neutrons used for condensed matter research. The accelerator facility delivers an 800 MeV proton beam of 2.5x1013 protons per pulse at 50 Hz. As part of the facility upgrade, which includes increasing the source intensity to 3.7x1013 protons per pulse using a dual harmonic RF system, it is planned to share the source with a second, 10 Hz, target station. A beam line supplying this target will extract from the existing target station beam line. Measurements and models characterising the optical functions around the extraction point of the existing line are discussed. The optical design, diagnostics and beam correction systems for second target station beam line are presented.  
 
TUPLT142 Status of Design of Muon Beamline for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment emittance, target, dipole, proton 1461
 
  • K. Tilley
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The MICE collaboration proposes to install a Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment at the ISIS facility, at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This experiment will be the first demonstration of ionisation cooling as a means to reduce the large transverse emittance of the muon beam, produced during the early stages of a neutrino factory. In order to permit a realistic demonstration of cooling, a source of muons must be produced, possessing particular qualities, notably in emittance and momenta. This paper describes the present design for the muon beamline source, and the plans for its implementation at RAL.  
 
TUPLT145 Transverse Coupling Measurement using SVD Modes from Beam Histories coupling, betatron, lattice, simulation 1470
 
  • C.-X. Wang
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • R. Calaga
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  In this report we investigate the measurement of local transverse coupling from turn-by-turn data measured at a large number of beam position monitors. We focus on a direct measurement of coupled lattice functions using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) modes and explore the accuracy of this method. The advantages and shortcomings of this model-independent method for coupling measurement will be also discussed.  
 
TUPLT156 Progress in Ideal High-intensity Unbunched Beams in Alternating Gradient Focusing Systems focusing, electron, emittance, simulation 1494
 
  • R. Bhatt, C. Chen, J. Zhou
    MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  A persistent challenge in high-intensity accelerator design is the optimization of matching conditions between a beam injector and a focusing system in order to minimize non-laminar flows, envelope oscillations, emittance growth, and halo production. It has been shown [*] that the fluid motion of a thin space-charge dominated beam propagating through a linear magnetic focusing channel consisting of any combination of uniform or periodic solenoidal fields and alternating gradient quadrupole fields can be solved by a general class of corkscrewing elliptic beam equilibria. The present work extends this discussion to asymmetric PPM focusing and derives conditions under which a uniform density elliptical beam can be matched to such a focusing channel by considering the fluid equilibrium in the paraxial limit. Methods of constructing such a beam are also discussed, with particular attention devoted to analytic electrode design for Pierce-type gun diodes of elliptical cross-section. Several applications are discussed, including heavy-ion fusion and a high-efficiency ribbon beam microwave amplifier for accelerator applications.

* C. Chen, R. Pakter, R. Davidson, "Ideal Matching of Heavy Ion Beams," Nucl. Inst. And Methods, A 464 (2001) p. 518-523

 
 
TUPLT166 Beam Invariants for Diagnostics diagnostics, space-charge, beam-transport 1518
 
  • V.V. Danilov, A.V. Aleksandrov
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  This paper deals with some measurable quantities of beams preserved under symplectic transformations. General beam distributions have no determined area, and rms quantities of the beam do not provide invariants in general nonlinear case. It is shown, though, that in the 1D case there exist some integral and local invariants, directly linked to Liouville's theorem. Beam invariants, related to general properties of symplectic transformations, are also found and presented for 2D and 3D cases. If measured at different locations, they can tell whether the transformation is symplectic or there exist diffusion, friction, or other non-Hamiltonian dynamic processes in the beam.  
 
TUPLT167 Installation of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Warm Linac vacuum, alignment, linac, site 1521
 
  • P.E. Gibson, C. Deibele, J.J. Error, G.A.J. Johnson, P. Ladd
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • N.K. Bultman
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source being built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The SNS project design and construction is a partnership involving six DOE national laboratories including Argonne, Brookhaven, Jefferson, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, and Los Alamos. When completed in 2006, the SNS will provide the most intense, pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development. At the present time we are installing and commissioning the warm linac system, designed by Los Alamos, and have to date had good success. The warm linac is comprised of six Drift Tube Linac (DTL) tanks and four Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) modules. These accept an incoming negative hydrogen ion beam from the Front End injector at 2.5 MeV, and accelerate to a final energy of 185 MeV. At this time we have installed and commissioned DTL tanks 1-3 and installed CCL module 1 . Experience and information gained during installation will be presented. The performance in terms of alignment, vacuum and field tuning will be described.  
 
TUPLT173 Experimental Test of Transverse Matching Routine for the SNS Linac emittance, linac, optics, beam-losses 1536
 
  • D.-O. Jeon, S. Assadi
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • J. Stovall
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  Transverse matching for a high intensity linac was proposed based on minimizing rms emittances. A MATLAB routine was developed and applied during the SNS linac commissioning. The result was also compared with the simulations.  
 
TUPLT177 RHIC Optics Measurements at Different Working Point optics, injection, dipole, closed-orbit 1541
 
  • R. Calaga, M. Bai, S. Peggs, T. Roser, T. Satogata
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Working point scans at RHIC were performed during 2004 to determine the effect on lifetime and luminosity. Linear optics were measured for different working point tunes by exciting coherent oscillations with the aid of RHIC AC dipoles. Two methods to measure the beta functions and phases are presented and compared: a conventional technique, and a new method based on singular value decomposition (SVD). The performance of a 3-bump beta wave algorithm to identify quadrupole error sources is also presented.  
 
TUPLT180 Results of the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory Beam Studies Program at BNL ion, booster, radiation, power-supply 1547
 
  • K.A. Brown, L. Ahrens, R.H. Beuttenmuller, I.-H. Chiang, D.C. Elliott, D. Gassner, Z. Li, I. Marneris, J. Mead, J. Morris, D. Phillips, V. Radeka, A. Rusek, N. Tsoupas, B. Yu, K. Zeno
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) was constructed in collaboration with NASA for the purpose of performing radiation effect studies for the NASA space program. The NSRL makes use of heavy ions in the range of 0.05 to 3 GeV/n slow extracted from BNL's AGS Booster. The purpose of the NSRL beam studies program is to develop a clear understanding of the beams delivered to the facility, to fully characterize those beams, and to develop new capabilities in the interest of understanding the radiation environment in space. In this report we will describe the first results from this program.  
 
TUPLT182 Measuring Local Gradient and Skew Quadrupole Errors in RHIC IRs lattice, simulation, closed-orbit, interaction-region 1553
 
  • J.F. Cardona
    UNAL, Bogota D.C
  • S. Peggs, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The measurement of local linear errors at RHIC interaction regions using an "action and phase" analysis of difference orbits has already been presented [*]. This paper evaluates the accuracy of this technique using difference orbits that were taken when known gradient errors and skew quadrupole errors were intentionally introduced. It also presents action and phase analysis of simulated orbits when controlled errors are intentionally placed in a RHIC simulation model.

* J. Cardona, S. Peggs, T. Satogata, F. Pilat and V. Ptitsyn,"Determination of Linear and Non Linear Components in RHIC Interaction Regions from difference Orbit Measurements", EPAC 2002, Paris, 2002, p.311-313.

 
 
TUPLT183 Magnetized Beam Transport in Electron Coolers with Opposing Solenoid Fields electron, optics, ion, coupling 1556
 
  • J. Kewisch, C. Montag
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  To improve cooling capability of electron coolers magnetized beams in strong solenoid fields are used. Too avoid betatron coupling in the ion coupling compensation is required. For the RHIC electron cooler we propose a scheme consisting of two identical solenoids with opposing fields, connected by a quadrupole matching section that preserves the electron beam magnetization. Since the fringe fields of the individual magnets overlap, the matching section can not be designed with standard optics codes. We developed an optimization code based on particle tracking instead. Input for the program are the simulated/measured field maps of the magnets. We demonstrate that the transverse temperature of the electron beam does not increase.  
 
TUPLT184 Operational Measurement of Coupling by Skew Quadrupole Modulation coupling, injection, heavy-ion, closed-orbit 1559
 
  • Y. Luo, P. Cameron, R. Lee, A. Marusic, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The measurements of betatron coupling via skew quadrupole modulation is a new diagnostics technique that has been recently developed and tested at RHIC. By modulating the current of different skew quadrupole families with different frequencies and measuring the resulting eigentunes response with a high resolution phase lock loop (PLL) system, it is possible to determine the projections of the residual coupling coefficients. We report the results of extensive beam studies carried on at RHIC injection, store energy and on the ramp. The capability of measuring coupling on the ramp opens the possibility of continuous coupling corrections during acceleration.  
 
TUPLT185 Principle of Skew Quadrupole Modulation to Measure Betatron Coupling coupling, simulation, injection, betatron 1562
 
  • Y. Luo, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The idea of modulating Skew Qudrupoles to measure the ring betatron coupling was put forth by T. Roser. In this paper, analytical solutions for this technique is given. Simulation are also carried out based on RHIC. And other relevent issues concerning this technique's application are also discussed. All of them show this idea of modulating skew qudrupoles to measure the betatron coupling are applicable.  
 
TUPLT189 Dipole and Quaqdrupole Sorting for the SNS Ring dipole, resonance, multipole, sextupole 1574
 
  • D. Raparia, A.V. Fedotov, Y.Y. Lee, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring is a high intensity ring and must have low uncontrolled losses for hands on maintenance. To achieve these low losses one needs very tight tolerance. These tight tolerances have been achieved through shimming the magnets and sorting. Dipoles are solid core magnets and had very good field quality but magnet to magnet variation were sorted out according to ITF, since all the dipole are powered with one power supply. Typically, sorting is done to minimize linear effects in beam dynamics. Here, sorting of quadrupoles was done according to a scheme which allows to reduce unwanted strength of nonlinear resonances. As a result, the strength of sextupole resonances for our base line tune-box was strongly reduced which was confirmed by a subsequent beam dynamics simulation.  
 
WEXCH01 Experience with LHC Magnets from Prototyping to Large-scale Industrial Production and Integration dipole, target, superconducting-magnet, sextupole 118
 
  • L. Rossi
    CERN, Geneva
  The construction of the LHC superconducting magnets is approaching one third of its completion. At the end of 2003, main dipoles cold masses for more than one octant were delivered; meanwhile the winding for the second octant was almost completed. The other big magnets, like the main quadrupoles and the insertion quadrupoles, have entered into series production as well. Providing more than 20 km of superconducting magnets, with the quality required for an accelerator like LHC, is an unprecedented challenge in term of complexity that has required several steps from the construction of 1 meter-long magnets in the laboratory to today production of more than one 15 meter-long magnet per day in Industry. The work and its organization is made even more complex by the fact that CERN supplies most of the critical components and part of the main tooling to the magnet manufacturers, both for cost reduction and for quality issues. In this paper the critical aspects of the construction and the time plan will be reviewed and the actual achievements in term of quality and construction time will be compared with the expectations.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
WEOCCH01 A New 180 MeV H- Linac for Upgrades of ISIS linac, synchrotron, emittance, injection 153
 
  • F. Gerigk
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Several options have been studied to raise the beam power of the ISIS spallation neutron source to a level of 1 MW with the possibility of going to 4-5 MW in the longer term. All scenarios can operate in 2 modes, where the beam power is either delivered to a spallation target or, alternatively, to a target suitable to produce muons via pion decay for a neutrino factory. A more recent upgrade option takes an intermediate step and uses a 180 MeV H- linac, which is also foreseen for the 4-5 MW upgrade, as a replacement for the current 70 MeV injector. First estimates indicate that, due to the lower space charge forces, the ring would be able to carry twice as many particles, thus doubling the final beam power to 0.5 MW. This paper presents a first design for the 180 MeV linac, using a triple frequency jump from 234.8 to 704.4 MHz. The design profits from the development of 704.4 MHz cavities and RF equipment within the framework of the European HIPPI collaboration. The low frequency for the front-end was chosen to ease the DTL design as well as the development of a low energy beam chopper, which will be necessary to reduce beam losses at injection into the synchrotron.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
WEXLH01 Non-destructive Beam Measurements dipole, betatron, resonance, emittance 165
 
  • M. Bai
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  In high energy accelerators especially storage rings, non-destructive beam measurements are highly desirable to minimize the impact on the beam quality. In principle, the non-destructive tools can be either passive detectors like Schottky, or active devices which excite either longitudinal or transverse beam motions for the corresponding measurements. An example of such a device is ac dipole, a magnet with oscillating field, which can be used to achieve large coherent betatron oscillations. It has been demonstrated in the Brookhaven AGS that by adiabatically exciting the beam, the beam emittance growth due to the filamentation in the phase space can be avoided. This paper overviews both techniques in general. In particular, this paper also presents the beam tune measurement with Schottky detector, phase advance measurement as well as non-linear resonance measurements with the ac dipoles in the Brookhaven RHIC.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
WEYLH02 Single Particle Linear and Non-linear Dynamics lattice, closed-orbit, betatron, optics 184
 
  • Y. Cai
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  I will give a comprehensive review of existing particle tracking tools to assess long-term particle stability for small and large accelerators in the presence of realistic magnetic imperfections and machine misalignments. The emphasis will be given to the tracking and analysis tools based upon the differential algebra, Lie operator, and "polymorphism". Using these tools, a uniform linear and non-linear analysis will be outlined as an application to the normal form. Finally I will compare simulation results with observations in existing circular accelerators. "Model independent analysis" will be treated as an example for measuring machine optics.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
WEPKF004 Magnetic Quadrupole Lenses for the IFUSP Microtron microtron, beam-transport, vacuum, simulation 1594
 
  • T.F. Silva, M.L. Lopes, A.A. Malafronte, M.N. Martins, P.B. Rios, J. Takahashi
    USP/LAL, Bairro Butantan
  The Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP) is building a two-stage 31 MeV continuous wave (cw) racetrack microtron. In this work, we describe the design of the magnetic quadrupole lenses for the IFUSP microtron. The design consists of a laminar structure divided in four equal pieces. Because each piece corresponds to an individual pole, it eases the assembling of the coils and the installation of the quadrupole on the beam transport line without breaking the vacuum. Due to the fact that the quadrupole is laminated along the longitudinal axis, it is possible to change the length of a given lens by adding or subtracting foils. We also present the magnetic field distribution calculated using the POISSON code. A prototype presented good mechanical rigidity and thermal performance, showing that a refrigeration system is not necessary. The magnetic measurements show that the field distribution within the region of interest agrees with the POISSON simulation.  
 
WEPKF006 Field Quality and Hysteresis of LHC Superconducting Corrector Magnets dipole, multipole, injection, target 1600
 
  • A. Santrich Badal, M. Allitt, C. Giloux, M. Karppinen, A.M. Lombardi, V. Remondino, W.  Venturini Delsolaro, R. Wolf
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Bagre, P. Khare, T. Maurya, A. Puntambekar
    CAT, Indore (M.P.)
  The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will use some 6400 superconducting corrector magnets. There are 19 corrector types. These are assembled 14 different types of magnets of which 4 are nested. They are being manufactured by 4 firms in Europe and 3 in India. The magnetic field quality is measured at room temperature by 12 magnetic measurement benches employed by the corrector manufacturers. CERN performs magnetic measurement at 4.2K and at 1.9K on a small subset of corrector magnets. The paper discusses the correlation between the warm and cold field measurements. The field quality is compared to the magnet design expectations and to the target field quality for LHC. Many corrector circuits will be powered in a way which cannot be predicted before LHC will start operation and which even then may change between physics runs. The measured magnetic hysteresis and its influence on possible setting errors during operation is discussed, in particular for the orbit correctors and the tuning/trim quadrupole magnet circuits.  
 
WEPKF010 Design of an Automatic System for the Electrical Quality Assurance during the Assembly of the Electrical Circuits of the LHC instrumentation, dipole, sextupole, superconducting-magnet 1612
 
  • D. Bozzini, V. Chareyre, A. Jacob, K.H. Mess, S. Russenschuck, R. Solaz Cerdan
    CERN, Geneva
  During the assembly of the LHC one of the challenges will be the correct wiring of the 1712 circuits powering the 10094 magnet units, for which all-together 70000 splices have to be done. Considering the complexity of the electrical scheme the risk of wrong wiring is high. Errors, if not detected during the assembly phase, will perturb the LHC operation. A method has been developed to verify automatically the cabling scheme. It first detects the continuity of a portion of circuit and then verifies the correct polarity and type of the magnets in the circuit. A 108-meter LHC cell is the shortest length that can be tested. The system is composed of a unit to be placed at the center of the cell and two de-multiplexers positioned at the extremities of the cell. The central unit contains a data acquisition system where in total 217 signals can be acquired and more than 3000 voltage combinations are possible. Pointing to different databases, a LabVIEW program automatically executes the test procedure, generates, and stores the reports. The hardware and software design, the data flow between databases, and the testing methodology applied to the different circuit types are described.  
 
WEPKF011 Performance of the Superconducting Matching Quadrupoles for the LHC Insertions multipole, insertion, alignment, target 1615
 
  • N. Catalan-Lasheras, G. Kirby, R. Ostojic, J.C. Perez, H. Prin, W.  Venturini Delsolaro
    CERN, Geneva
  The optics flexibility of the LHC insertions is provided by the individually powered quadrupoles in the dispersion suppressors and matching sections. These units comprise special quadrupole magnets of the MQM and MQY type and range in length from 5.4 m to 11.4 m. In total, 82 insertion quadrupoles will be assembled at CERN. In this paper we present the advance in construction and report on the performance of the first series built quadrupoles. In particular, we present the quench performance of the individual magnets and alignment measurements of the cold masses, and discuss the field quality trends and possible implications.  
 
WEPKF012 LHC Dipole Axis, Spool Piece Alignment and Field Angle in Warm and Cold Conditions dipole, alignment, laser, sextupole 1618
 
  • M. Coccoli, M. Buzio, J. Garcia Perez
    CERN, Geneva
  The installation and commissioning of the LHC dipoles requires the knowledge of the magnetic axis and of the spool piece corrector alignment at the operating conditions. The installation is based at present on the use of geometric information derived from mechanical measurements performed in warm conditions, with the assumption that the geometric and magnetic axis are coincident. Any discrepancies between mechanical and magnetic axis and unforeseen geometry variations from ambient to cold operating temperature can introuduce important uncertaintes in the prediction of the alignment at operational conditions. Such prediction is studied through correlations between measurements performed at room and liquid helium temperature. A statistic analysis of the measurement data available is presented showing uncertainties on the correctors alignment. They are compared with beam-based specifications of the positioning of the spool piece.  
 
WEPKF014 Magnetic Field Tracking Experiments for LHC dipole, feedback, injection, power-supply 1621
 
  • V. Granata, J. Billan, F. Bordry, L. Bottura, P. Coutinho Ferreira, E. Effinger, G. Fernqvist, P. Galbraith, Q. King, J. Pett, A. Raimondo, A. Rijllart, H. Thiesen
    CERN, Geneva
  At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN one of the fundamental requirements during the energy ramp is that the ratio between the field produced by the quadrupoles and the field in the dipoles remains constant in order to minimize the variation of the betatron tune that could induce particle loss. With a series of tracking experiments it has been demonstrated that this ratio can be maintained constant to better than 10-4 throughout the same current ramp as foreseen for the LHC. A technique has been developed to optimise the dipole and quadrupole current ramps to obtain the required ratio of B2/B1. Measurements performed by modulating the current with a harmonic function (so-called k-modulation) demonstrated that it is possible to modulate the strength of an individual quadrupole to determine the magnetic center through beam-based measurements.  
 
WEPKF021 Non-destructive Testing of Bus-bar Joints Powering LHC Superconducting Magnets, by Using Gamma Sources dipole, superconducting-magnet, photon, target 1642
 
  • B. Skoczen
    CERN, Geneva
  • J. Kulka
    AGH, Cracow
  The main LHC superconducting magnets (dipoles and quadrupoles) are powered by using Rutherford type cables, stabilized electrically and thermally with copper profiles. The portions of cables are connected to each other by a soft soldering technique (Sn96Ag4) with the overlapping length corresponding to one pitch of the superconducting strands. The splice constitutes a ?composite? structure with the interchanging layers of Sn96Ag4 and NbTi superconductor, located inside a Cu cage. In order to assure a high level of reliability (failure probability not exceeding 10-8) for some 10000 connections in the LHC, a non-destructive technique of checking the quantity of solder in the joint is planned to be implemented. The technique is based on a gamma ray source (241_Am) and the detection is position-sensitive in the transmission mode. 5 scintillating detectors of gamma rays are used and their accumulated length corresponds to the length of the radioactive source (120 mm). The method can be used in-situ, the equipment being optimized and portable, with implementation of direct on-line operation mode. The relevant criteria of acceptance of the splices have been defined. The first results of application of this technique will be shown.  
 
WEPKF022 Electro-mechanical Aspects of the Interconnection of the LHC Superconducting Corrector Magnets sextupole, dipole, octupole, monitoring 1645
 
  • J.-P.G. Tock, D. Bozzini, F. Laurent, S. Russenschuck, B. Skoczen
    CERN, Geneva
  In addition to the main 1232 bending dipoles and 474 focusing and defocusing quadrupoles, more than 6800 superconducting corrector magnets are included in the LHC machine. They are housed in the superfluid helium enclosures of the main cryomagnets. Among them, the closed orbit correctors (sextupole and octupole) are integrated in the main quadrupole helium vessel and they are powered via an externally routed cryogenic line (line N). During the assembly, these corrector magnets have to be connected according to a complex electrical scheme based on the optical requirements of the LHC machine. Along the 27-km long LHC machine, 440 interconnection boxes are installed and will allow the powering of the correctors by means of a 42-wires auxiliary bus-bar cable, of which the corresponding wires have to be routed to the SSS from the interconnection box. Stringent requirements in terms of volume, mechanical resistance, electrical conductance and insulation, reliability, and respect of the electrical schematics apply during the assembly and splicing of the junctions inside the line-N box. The activities and their sequence, aiming at ensuring the fulfilment of these requirements are presented. The planned activities (assembly, ultrasonic welding, general and electrical inspection, and electrical qualification) and the interactions between the various intervening teams are described.  
 
WEPKF030 The Storage Ring Magnets of the Australian Synchrotron sextupole, dipole, storage-ring, focusing 1666
 
  • E. Huttel
    FZK-ISS-ANKA, Karlsruhe
  • B. Barg, A. Jackson, G. LeBlanc
    ASP, Melbourne
  • J. Tanabe
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  A 3 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source is being built up in Melbourne, Australia. The storage ring has a circumference of 216 m and has a 14 fold DBA structure. For the storage ring the following magnets are required: 28 gradient dipoles, with B = 1.3 T, B’ = 3.35 T/m, 56 quadrupoles with a gradient of B’ = 18 T/m, 28 quadrupoles with a gradient of 9 T/m, 56 sextupoles with d2B/dr2 = 320 T/m2 and 42 with 150 T/m2. The design of pole faces was done by scaling the SPEAR III pole face to the required gap and bore of the ASP storage ring magnets. The sextupoles will be equipped with coils for horizontal and vertical correction and for a skew quadrupole. The design of the magnets and the calculated magnetic properties will be presented.  
 
WEPKF032 A General Method for 2d Magnet Pole Design synchrotron, dipole, storage-ring, cyclotron 1672
 
  • Z. Martí, J. Campmany, M. Traveria
    LLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  Accurate conventional combined magnets working in saturation are currently required to fulfil the increasing demands on low emittance accelerators with long straight sections required by the newest Synchrotron Light Sources. This fact yields stringent requirements on pole profile design, manufacture and characterization. The aim of this poster is to present a general method for designing two-dimensional pole profiles. To this end, we have set up a procedure with which to select an optimum pole profile in 2D without the constraint of relying on a set of initial assumptions, not only a particular set of initial parameters but even a particular pole profile model. Moreover, we have developed a group of codes that can be compiled and run on MS-DOS or UNIX which use POISSON or OPERA-2d codes. This procedure also includes the evaluation of the sensitivity of the final pole profile to geometrical and current intensity errors for tolerance estimation, a big requirement in this context. In order to test the feasibility of this method, we have applied it to the case of the 1.2 T combined magnet of the new synchrotron to be built nearby Barcelona.  
 
WEPKF035 Analysis of the Cold Mass Displacements at the TTF alignment, monitoring, linac, vacuum 1681
 
  • A. Bosotti, C. Pagani, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • R. De Monte, M. Ferianis
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • R. Lange
    DESY, Hamburg
  Few of the TTF cryomodules have been equipped with wire position monitors (WPM) in order to monitor on line the displacements of the cold mass to verify alignment stability and reproducibility . Based on the operation experience of the first prototypical cryomodules, equipped with up to 36 WPMs distributed in two strings, on the last generation cryomodules a single string of 7 sensors has been installed. Here we review and analyze the data collected so far to prove that the the proposed cryomodule design is consistent with the TESLA alignment requirements.  
 
WEPKF038 The Alignment Jacks of the LHC Cryomagnets alignment, vacuum, radiation, collider 1687
 
  • J. Dwivedi, S.G. Goswami, A. Kumar, V. Madhumurthy, H.C. Soni
    CAT, Indore (M.P.)
  • V. Parma
    CERN, Geneva
  The precise alignment of the some 1700 cryomagnets of the LHC collider, requires the use of some 7000 jacks. The specific requirements and the need for an cost-effective solution for this large production, justified the development and industrialisation of a dedicated mechanical jack which was developed, and is now being produced, in the framework of a collaboration between CERN and the Center for Advanced Technology in India. Three jacks support each of the 32-ton heavy, 15-meter long cryo-dipoles of LHC, and provide the required alignment features. The main requirements are a setting resolution of 0.05 mm, and a range of movement of 20 mm in the horizontal and 40 mm in the vertical direction. Each jack has two degrees of controlled movement in the horizontal and vertical direction, whereas the remaining horizontal movement is left free. By a suitable choice of the layout of the three jacks, the full range of alignment of a cryo-magnet can be obtained. The design of the jacks evolved from a preliminary value analysis between various concepts, towards the complete engineering of the retained concept, selection of the most appropriate and cost-effective industrial production processes and setting-up of an effective quality assurance policy. Building and testing of 36 prototype jacks allowed an extensive experimental validation of their performance at CERN, where they were operated in the String 2 facility, and yielded an improved understanding for cost-effective steering of the production processes before launching the series production. Presently, the mass production of the jacks is in progress with two Indian manufacturers, and some 1500 jacks have already been delivered to CERN. Considering the successful performance of the jacks, it is now envisaged to extend the use of the same type of jacks to provide the even higher-demanding alignment of the low-beta quadrupoles of LHC.  
 
WEPKF040 Magnetic Field Measurement of Quadrupole Magnets for S-LSR ion, superconductivity, octupole, lattice 1693
 
  • T. Takeuchi, K. Noda, S. Shibuya
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • H. Fadil, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, T. Shirai, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  S-LSR is a low energy ion storage/cooler ring. It has 12-quadrupole magnets (QM) with a bore radius of 70 mm and a maximum field gradient of 5 T/m. To suppress and control a magnetic flux in a fringing field of a bending magnet (BM), a field clamp with a thickness of 25 mm was installed in between BM and QM. The distance between the field clamp and QM is 80 mm. 3D calculation represented that the QM field is strongly influenced by the field clamp. Therefore, QMs were designed and optimized in considering the influence of the field clamp. Magnetic field measurements were performed by means of a Hall probe and a long search coil. A magnet field measurement by a Hall probe was carried out together with the field clamp and BM for S-LSR. For 12-quadrupole magnets, the measurement by the long search coil which moves in horizontal direction was carried out. The results for each measurements will be discussed.  
 
WEPKF047 A Super Strong Adjustable Permanent Magnet for the Final Focus Quadrupole in a Linear Collider permanent-magnet, linear-collider, collider, simulation 1708
 
  • T. Mihara, Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • E. Antokhin, M. Kumada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • C.M. Spencer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • E. Sugiyama
    NEOMAX Co., Ltd., Mishima-gun, Osaka
  A super strong magnet, which utilizes permanent magnet material and saturated iron, is considered as a candidate for the final focus quadrupole in a linear collider beamline. This modified Halbach magnet configuration can have a higher magnetic field gradient than a normal permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) or electromagnet. There are some issues to be solved if a PMQ is to be used as a final focus quadrupole: the variation of its strength with temperature and the need for the field strength to be deliberately changed. One can use special temperature compensation material to improve the temperature dependence with just a small decrease in field gradient compared to a magnet without temperature compensation. The required field variability can be obtained by slicing the magnet into pieces along the beamline direction and rotating these slices. Results of performance measurements on the PMQ with variable strength will be reported including the realization of the temperature compensation technique.  
 
WEPKF049 Stretched Wire Flip Coil System for Magnetic Field Measurements multipole, insertion, insertion-device, target 1714
 
  • D.E. Kim, C.W. Chung, H.S. Han, Y.G. Jung, H.G. Lee, W.W. Lee, K.-H. Park, H.S. Suh
    PAL, Pohang
  A flip-coil system using a stretched wire measuring the magnetic field properties of accelerator magnets is described. This system is similar to the conventional rotating coil system except that the stretched wires are used instead of wires wound on the machined surface. This system has advantage of simple fabrication and flexible operation so that different length and bore magnets can be easily measured using the same system. The system also has two loop coils to buck the dominant fundamental field so as to increase the measurement accuracy. This kind of system has issues related to the reproducibility, accuracy of the measured results. The system is evaluated to verify its performances and its results were discussed. The analyzing methods and various efforts to keep the system in high accuracy are presented. Measurement results with this loop coil system were compared with that of the other system.  
 
WEPKF057 Design and Study of a Superferric Model Dipole and Quadrupole Magnets for the GSI Fast-pulsed Synchrotron SIS100. dipole, synchrotron, insertion, ion 1735
 
  • A.D. Kovalenko, N.N. Agapov, V. Bartenev, A. Donyagin, I. Eliseeva, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, G.L. Kuznetsov, A. Smirnov, M.A. Voevodin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • E. Fischer, G. Moritz
    GSI, Darmstadt
  New experimental results from the investigation of a model superferric Nuclotron-type dipole and quadrupole magnets are presented. The magnets operate at pulse repetition rate f = 1Hz, providing peak magnetic field B = 2 T and the field gradient G = 34 T/m in the dipoles and quadrupoles respectively. The superconducting coil is made from a hollow multi-filamentary NbTi cable cooled with two phase helium flow. Different possibilities were investigated to reduce AC power losses in the case of a cold iron yoke (T=4.5K). The achieved results are discussed. The value of 9W/m has been obtained for dipole magnet with the yoke at T=50K. The first 50 K yoke quadrupole was designed and tested. Other problems, connected with the magnetic field quality, mechanical and cryogenic stability of the magnets under SIS100 operating conditions are also discussed.  
 
WEPKF073 2nd Generation LHC IR Quadrupoles Based on Nb3Sn Racetrack Coils luminosity, target, alignment, interaction-region 1774
 
  • V. Kashikhin, J. Strait, A.V. Zlobin
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  After the LHC operates for several years at nominal parameters, it will be necessary to upgrade it for higher luminosity. Replacing the baseline NbTi low-beta quadrupoles with a higher performance magnets based on advanced superconducting materials and magnet technologies is one of the most straightforward ways in this direction. Preliminary studies show that high-performance Nb3Sn strands to be available within the next few years allow increasing the quadrupole aperture up to 110 mm using a 4-layer shell-type coil and providing the same 200 T/m field gradient with 20% margin as the baseline magnets. It will allow reduction of b* by a factor of 3. An alternative approach to the quadrupole design is based on simple flat racetrack coils. This paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of large-aperture racetrack quadrupole designs and compares them to the shell-type magnets.  
 
WEPKF074 Magnetic Field Measurements of the LHC Inner Triplet Quadrupoles Produced at Fermilab alignment, interaction-region, injection, dipole 1777
 
  • G. Velev, R. Bossert, R. Carcagno, J. DiMarco, S. Feher, H. Glass, V. Kashikhin, J.S. Kerby, M. Lamm, T. Nicol, L. Nobrega, D. Orris, T. Page, T. Peterson, R. Rabehl, P. Schlabach, J. Strait, C. Sylvester, M. Tartaglia, J. Tompkins, A.V. Zlobin
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  Production of 18 superconducting low-beta quadrupoles (MQXB) for the LHC is well advanced. These 5.5 m long magnets are designed to operate at 1.9 K with a peak field gradient of 215 T/m in the 70 mm apertures. Two MQXB cold masses with a dipole orbit corrector between them form a single cryogenic unit (LQXB) which is the Q2 optical element of the final focus triplets in the LHC interaction regions. A program of magnetic field quality and alignment measurements of the cold masses are performed at room temperature during magnet fabrication and LQXB assembly as well as at superfluid helium temperature. Results of these measurements are summarized in this paper.  
 
WEPKF083 SPEAR3 INTERMEDIATE DC MAGNET POWER SUPPLIES power-supply, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, radiation 1798
 
  • A.C. de Lira, P. Bellomo
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) has successfully commissioned SPEAR3, its newly upgraded 3-GeV synchrotron light source. First stored beam occurred December 15, 2003 and 100mA operation was reached on January 20, 2004. This paper describes the specification, design, and performance of the SPEAR3 intermediate DC magnet power supplies (IPS) that consist of tightly-regulated (better than 10 ppm) current sources ranging from 60 A to 500 A and output powers ranging from a few kW to 22.5kW. A total of 69 IPS are in successful operation. The SPEAR 3 upgrade performance and reliability requirements mandated new power supplies for both the SPEAR3 storage ring, and for the booster-to-SPEAR3 transport line. IPS are widely used at SPEAR3 to power single quadrupoles, dipoles, families of quadrupoles and sextupoles, and also on the Titanium sublimation pumps. IPS' topology allows them to be series operated for those magnet strings requiring higher voltages. A compact 19" standard rack-mounted design is common to all the units. These are off-line, switch-mode, operating at 16 kHz to reduce space and provide for fast output response and high efficiency.  
 
WEPKF084 SPEAR3 LARGE DC MAGNET POWER SUPPLIES power-supply, synchrotron, feedback, sextupole 1801
 
  • A.C. de Lira, P. Bellomo
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) has successfully commissioned SPEAR3, its newly upgraded 3-GeV synchrotron light source. First stored beam occurred December 15, 2003 and 100mA operation was reached on January 20, 2004. This paper describes the specification, design, and performance of the SPEAR3 DC magnet large power supplies (LGPS) that consist of tightly-regulated (better than 10 ppm) current sources ranging from 100 A to 225 A and output powers ranging from 70kW to 135kW. A total of 6 LGPS are in successful operation and are used to power strings of quadrupoles, and sextupoles. The LGPS are isolated by a delta/delta-wye 60Hz step-down transformer that provide power to 2 series connected chopper stages operating phase-shifted at a 16 kHz switching frequency to provide for fast output response and high efficiency. Also described are outside procurement aspects, installation, in-house testing, and operation of the power supplies.  
 
WEPKF086 A Model for Determining Dipole, Quadrupole and Combined Function Magnet Costs dipole, superconducting-magnet, linac, diagnostics 1807
 
  • R. Palmer, J.S. Berg
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  One of the most important considerations in designing large accelerators is cost. Magnet costs are a significant component of that. This paper describes a model for estimating magnet costs. The reasoning behind the cost model is explained, and the parameters of the model are chosen so as to correctly give the costs for existing magnets.  
 
WEPLT001 Nonlinear Beam Dynamics Study with MATLAB simulation, lattice, storage-ring, synchrotron 1813
 
  • Y.L. Martirosyan, M. Ivanyan, D.K. Kalantaryan
    CANDLE, Yerevan
  In this paper, we present description of MATLAB based computer code, which allows tracking of single particles by numerical integration of Hamilton's equations. For storage rings the damping time is of the order of few ms (102 '104 turns) and therefore the short-term stability time is determinant. For this reason symplecticity condition of the tracking method for the electron machines is not as important as in hadron machines. Applying recently introduced modern tools for post process analyzing, such as interpolated FFT, early indicators for long term stability, the determination of the onset of chaotic behavior using the maximal Lyapunov exponent, and etc, one can carry out simulations to evaluate the dynamic aperture, amplitude dependent tunes, phase space distortions, nonlinear resonances etc. The proposed code is applied for beam nonlinear dynamics study in CANDLE storage ring.  
 
WEPLT005 Building Truncated Taylor Maps with Mathematica and Applications to FFAG closed-orbit, lattice, dipole, focusing 1822
 
  • D. Kaltchev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  Lie algebra tools coded directly in Mathematica have been used to compute the off-momentum closed orbit, orbit length and horizontal tune of Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) lattices proposed for muon acceleration. The sample FFAG cell considered consists of quadrupoles and alternating gradient magnets. A high order Taylor map is needed, valid over a wide momentum range. We describe the algorithm and Mathematica operators needed to create and concatenate individual element maps (presented as Lie exponential operators) and compare our results with those obtained with a high-order differential algebra code – COSY. The speed achieved is inferior to the differential algebra method.  
 
WEPLT007 Installation of the LHC Experimental Insertions shielding, insertion, luminosity, interaction-region 1828
 
  • S. Bartolome-Jimenez, G. Trinquart
    CERN, Geneva
  The installation of the LHC experimental insertions, and particularly the installation of the low-beta quadrupoles, raises many technical challenges due to the stringent alignment specifications and to the difficulty of access in very confined areas. The compact layout with many lattice elements, vacuum components, beam control instrumentations and the presence of shielding does not allow for any improvisation in the installation procedure. This paper reviews all the constraints that need to be taken into account when installing the experimental insertions. It describes the chronological sequence of installation and discusses the technical solutions that have been retained.  
 
WEPLT010 Design and Fabrication of Superfluid Helium Heat Exchanger Tubes for the LHC Superconducting Magnets vacuum, electron, dipole, site 1837
 
  • F.F. Bertinelli, G. Favre, L.M.A. Ferreira, S.J. Mathot, L. Rossi, F. Savary
    CERN, Geneva
  • E. Boter
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  The dipole and quadrupole cold masses of the LHC machine require about 1700 heat exchanger tubes (HET). In operation the HET carries a two-phase flow of superfluid helium at sub-atmospheric pressure. The HET consists of an oxygen-free, seamless copper tube equipped with stainless steel ends. After an evaluation of different design alternatives, a design based on the technologies of vacuum brazing and electron beam welding has been adopted. Presence of these multiple technologies at CERN and synergies with the cleaning, handling and transport of other 15-metre components for LHC, motivated CERN to undertake this series fabrication on site. The raw copper tubes are procured in Industry, presenting challenging issues of geometric precision. Organisation of the HET fabrication includes cryomeasurements to validate cleaning procedures, characterization of welding procedures, buckling design by FEA and experimental verification, quality control during series production. The series fabrication of these long, multi-technological components is continuing successfully, respecting the project?s tight budgetary and planning constraints.  
 
WEPLT014 Mechanical Dynamic Load of the LHC Arc Cryo-magnets during the LHC Installation acceleration, monitoring, dipole, simulation 1849
 
  • O. Capatina, K. Artoos, G. Huet, B. Nicquevert
    CERN, Geneva
  About 1700 LHC main superconducting dipoles and quadrupoles will have to be transported and handled between the assembly, the magnet measurements and the storage that precedes the final installation in the LHC tunnel. To ensure the required mechanic and geometric integrity of the cryo-magnets, transport specifications and allowed acceleration loads were defined after detailed dynamic analysis. A large number of cryo-magnets are now arriving at CERN on a regular basis. The logistics for the handling and transport are monitored with tri-axial acceleration monitoring devices that are installed on each cryo-magnet. Measurements are made to commission new equipment like overhead cranes, tunnel transport and handling devices to guarantee that the defined acceleration limits are respected. The results from the acceleration monitoring that are stored in the same quality assurance system as the cryo-magnets allowed to give a first idea of the level of the mechanical dynamic load on each magnet throughout the logistics chain and were used to detect details such as out-of-specification accelerations that needed improvement.  
 
WEPLT016 Logistics of LHC Cryodipoles: from Simulation to Storage Management simulation, insertion, background, vacuum 1855
 
  • K. Foraz, B. Nicquevert, D. Tommasini
    CERN, Geneva
  The particles traveling in the Large Hadron Collider are guided by superconducting magnets. The main magnets (cryodipoles) are 16 m long, 30 tons objects placed with accuracies of few tenths of mm and therefore imposing challenging requirements for handling and transportation. Numerous contracts are constraining the production and installation of these cryodipoles. These contracts have been rated according to the baseline schedule, based on a "just in time" scheme. However the complexity of the construction and the time required to fully test the cryodipoles before installation in the LHC required to decouple as much as possible each contract from the others' evolutions and imposed temporary storage between different assembly and test steps. Therefore a tool simulating the logistics was created in order to determine the number of cryodipoles to store at the various stages of their production. In this paper the organization of cryodipole flow and the main challenges of logistics are analyzed on the basis of the planning of each main step before installation. Finally the solutions implemented for storage, handling and transportation are presented and discussed.  
 
WEPLT017 Numerical Studies of the Impact of the Separation Dipoles and Insertion Quadrupoles Field Quality on the Dynamic Aperture of the CERN LHC dipole, insertion, injection, multipole 1858
 
  • M. Giovannozzi, O.S. Brüning, S.D. Fartoukh, T. Risselada, F. Schmidt
    CERN, Geneva
  A wide range of magnets, both warm and superconducting, will be used in the LHC. In addition to main dipoles, quadrupoles are used to focus the beam in regular arcs. Special dipoles separate or merge the two beams in insertion regions. A few very strong superconducting quadrupoles squeeze the beam to achieve the required luminosity, while warm quadrupoles are used in the collimation insertions. At injection the main dipoles largely dominate beam dynamics, but contributions from smaller classes of magnets should not be neglected. Peculiar optical configurations may dramatically enhance beam dynamics effects of few magnetic elements. This paper will focus on the effect of insertion quadrupoles, e.g. wide-aperture, and warm quadrupoles, as well as separation dipoles presenting on the dynamic aperture of the LHC machine.  
 
WEPLT024 Scheduling the Installation of the LHC Injection Lines injection, radiation, dipole, vacuum 1879
 
  • L. Lari, H. Gaillard, V. Mertens
    CERN, Geneva
  The installation of the two LHC injection lines has to fit within tight milestones of the LHC project and of CERN?s accelerator activity in general. For instance, the transfer line from the SPS to LHC point 8 (to fill the anti-clockwise LHC ring) should be tested with beam before the end of 2004 since the SPS will not run in 2005. It will first serve during the LHC sector test in 2006. Time constraints are also very strong on the installation of the transfer line from the SPS to LHC point 2 (for the clockwise LHC ring): its tunnel is the sole access for the LHC cryo-magnets and a large part of the beam line can only be installed once practically all LHC cryo-magnets are in place. Of course, the line must be operational when the LHC starts. This paper presents the various constraints and how they are taken into account for the logistics and installation planning of the LHC injection lines.  
 
WEPLT026 Dynamic Aperture Reduction from the Dodecapole Component in the LHC Main Quadrupoles and its Mechanism. dynamic-aperture, injection, lattice, resonance 1885
 
  • A.M. Lombardi, O.S. Brüning, S.D. Fartoukh, T. Risselada, F. Schmidt, A. Verdier
    CERN, Geneva
  The systematic dodecapole component in the Main Quadrupoles of the LHC lattice has a strong influence on the machine dynamic aperture at injection. In this paper we quantify this effect with the help of tracking studies, explain the mechanism for the loss in dynamic aperture and look into potential correction schemes. Finally, we provide an estimate for the maximum allowed systematic dodecapole component in the MQ.  
 
WEPLT044 Electron-cloud Build-up Simulations and Experiments at CERN electron, simulation, injection, vacuum 1933
 
  • F. Zimmermann, G. Arduini, V. Baglin, T. Bohl, B.J. Jenninger, J.M. Jimenez, J.-M. Laurent, F. Ruggiero, D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  We compare the predications of electron-cloud build-up simulations with measurements at the CERN SPS. Specifically, we compare the electron flux at the wall, electron-energy spectra, heat loads, and the spatial distribution of the electrons for two different bunch spacings, with variable magnetic fields, and for several chamber temperatures and associated surface conditions. The simulations employ a modified, improved version of the ECLOUD code. The main changes are briefly described. We finally present updated simulation results for the heat load in the cold LHC arcs.  
 
WEPLT046 Localizing Impedance Sources from Betatron-phase Beating in the CERN SPS impedance, betatron, optics, focusing 1939
 
  • F. Zimmermann, G. Arduini, C. Carli
    CERN, Geneva
  Multi-turn beam-position data recorded after beam excitation can be used to extract the betatron-phase advance between adjacent beam position monitors (BPMs) by a harmonic analysis. Performing this treatment for different beam intensities yields the change in phase advance with current. A local impedance contributes to the average tune shift with current, but, more importantly, it also causes a mismatch and phase beating. We describe an attempt to determine the localized impedance around the SPS ring by fitting the measured betatron phase shift with current at all BPMs to the expected impedance response matrix.  
 
WEPLT047 A Test Suite of Space-charge Problems for Code Benchmarking simulation, space-charge, focusing, proton 1942
 
  • A. Adelmann
    PSI, Villigen
  • J. Amundson, P. Spentzouris
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • J. Qiang, R.D. Ryne
    LBNL/CBP, Berkeley, California
  A set of problems is presented for benchmarking beam dynamics codes with space charge. As examples, we show comparisons using the IMPACT, MaryLie/IMPACT, and MAD9P codes. The accuracy and convergence of the solutions as a function of solver algorithms, simulations parameters such as number of macro particles, grid size, etc. are studied.  
 
WEPLT050 Frequency Map Measurements at BESSY sextupole, resonance, storage-ring, lattice 1951
 
  • P. Kuske, O. Dressler
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  With two dedicated diagnostic kicker magnets and a turn-by-turn, bunch-by-bunch beam position monitor frequency maps were measured under various operating conditions of the BESSY storage ring. Depending on the number and type of insertion devices in operation additional resonances show up. Details of the experimental setup as well as the data analysis are presented. The results will be compared with theoretical calculations which are based on the linear model of the storage ring lattice extracted from measured response matrices. Non-linear elements are added to the model in order to describe the effect of the strong sextupole magnets, the horizontal corrector magnets installed in these magnets, and of some of the insertion devices.  
 
WEPLT052 A Method to Measure the Skew Quadrupole Strengths in the SIS-18 using Two BPMs resonance, multipole, simulation, lattice 1957
 
  • F. Franchi, T. Beier, M. Kirk, M. Moritz, G. Rumolo
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • R. Tomas
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  In the SIS-18 of GSI a new set of skew quadrupoles has been installed to improve the multi-turn-injection. A new method based on the measurement of the resonance driving terms has been proposed to cross-check the nominal values and polarities of their gradients. Once a beam is transversely kicked, it experiences oscillations whose spectrum contains both the betatron tune line and secondary lines. The amplitude of each line is proportional to the strength of the multipoles, such as skew quadrupoles and sextupoles, present in the lattice. In this paper a recursive algorithm to derive the magnet strength from the spectral lines and the application of this method to the eight skew quadrupoles in the SIS-18 are presented.  
 
WEPLT075 Status Report on the Beam Dynamics Developments for the SPIRAL 2 Project linac, ion, rfq, dipole 2023
 
  • R. Duperrier, D. Uriot
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • P. Bertrand, F. Varenne
    GANIL, Caen
  • J.-L. Biarrotte
    IPN, Orsay
  • J.-M. De Conto
    ISN, Grenoble
  • E. Froidefond
    LPSC, Grenoble
  • N. Pichoff
    CEA/DAM, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  The driver for the SPIRAL 2 project aims to accelerate a 5 mA D+ beam up to 20 A.MeV and a 1 mA beam for Q/A=1/3 up to 14.5 A.MeV. It operates in a continuous wave regime (cw), is designed for a maximum efficiency in the transmission of intense beams. Recent studies have led to change the reference design. The current design consists in an injector (ECR sources + LEBTs with the possibility to inject from several sources + a Radio Frequency Quadrupole) followed by a superconducting section based on an array of independently phased cavities where the transverse focalisation is performed by warm quadrupoles. This paper presents the beam dynamics studies associated to these new choices, the HEBT design and the fast chopping in the MEBT.  
 
WEPLT082 General Performances of the Injection Scheme into the SOLEIL Storage Ring injection, septum, coupling, undulator 2044
 
  • M.-A. Tordeux, J. Da Silva, P. Feret, P. Gros, P. Lebasque, A. Mary
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The injection scheme of the electron beam into the Storage Ring of the SOLEIL synchrotron is presented. It corresponds to the new SOLEIL optics : 12 meter long straight section, 2.75 GeV energy, with in addition the requirement for top-up injection mode. Pulsed magnets are described, and in particular the passive septum magnet, the transverse position of which can be adjusted so as to optimise the Touschek beam Lifetime. Tracking of particles has been performed over a large number of turns, taking into account the magnet errors, the high chromaticities and the physical apertures all along the machine (limited vertical apertures due to low gap undulators). Statistical efficiency of the injection has been deduced. Specific requirements for top-up injection have been examined, such as the closure of the injection bump, the residual vertical field and the leakage fields from septa.  
 
WEPLT094 Electromagnetic Fields of an Off-axis Bunched Beam in a Circular Pipe with Finite Conductivity and Thickness - II multipole, collider, hadron, electromagnetic-fields 2071
 
  • S. Petracca, L. Cappetta, T. Demma
    U. Sannio, Benevento
  • R.P. Croce
    Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Baronissi
  The general exact solution exploited [*] is applied, introducing suitable dimensionless parameters, and using appropriate asymptotic limiting forms, to compute the wake field multipoles for the different paradigm cases of LHC and DAPHNE.

* R. P. Croce, Th. Demma, S. Petracca "Electromagnetic Fields of an Off-axis Bunch in a Circular Pipe with Finite Conductivity and Thickness", these proceedings

 
 
WEPLT116 Lattice Design and Cooling Simulation at S-LSR laser, electron, ion, lattice 2122
 
  • T. Shirai, H. Fadil, S. Fujimoto, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • T. Fujimoto, H. Fujiwara, K. Noda, S. Shibuya, T. Takeuchi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • H. Okamoto, Y. Yuri
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  A compact ion cooler ring, S-LSR is under construction in Kyoto University. The circumference is 22.557 m and the maximum magnetic rigidity is 1 Tm. One of the important roles of S-LSR is a test bed to examine the lowest temperature limit of the ion beams using cooling techniques. The ultimate case is a crystalline one. The ring optics of S-LSR has a high super periodicity and a low phase advance to reduce the beam heating from the lattice structure. S-LSR has an electron beam cooling device and a laser cooling system for Mg. The simulation results show the possible limit of the ion beam temperature and the dependence on the operating betatron tunes.  
 
WEPLT146 Mismatch Oscillations in High-current Accelerators emittance, focusing, ion, vacuum 2179
 
  • O.A. Anderson
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  Strong space charge challenges the designers of modern accelerators such as those used in Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion. Simple, accurate design tools are useful for predicting beam behavior, such as phase advances and envelope oscillation periods, given the beam emittance and charge and the lattice parameters. Along with the KV beam model, the smooth approximation [*] is often used. It is simple but not very accurate in many cases. Although Struckmieir and Reiser [**] showed that the stable envelope oscillations of unbalanced beams could be obtained accurately, they used a hybrid approach where the phase advances σ0 and σ were already known precisely. When starting instead with basic quantities–quadrupole dimensions, field strength, beam line charge and emittance–the smooth approximation formulas give substantial errors (10% or more). We previously described an integration method [***] for matched beams that yields fairly simple third-order formulas for σ0, σ, beam radius and ripple. Here we extend the method to include small-amplitude mismatch oscillations. We derive a simple modification of the smooth approximation formulas and show that it improves the accuracy of the predicted envelope frequencies significantly–for example, by a factor of five when σ0 is 83 degrees.

* M. Reiser, Particle Accelerators 8, 167 (1978) ** J. Struckmeier and M. Reiser, Particle Accelerators 14, 227 (1984)*** O. A. Anderson, Particle Accelerators 52, 133 (1996)

 
 
WEPLT147 Lattice Studies for CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed CEnter) at the ALS lattice, dynamic-aperture, emittance, storage-ring 2182
 
  • H. Nishimura, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, W. Wan
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed Center) at the Advanced Light Source is a proposal for a new electron storage ring optimized for the generation of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range. One of the main requirement for this special mode of operation is the capability of the ring of operating at very small momentum compaction values. In this regime, the longitudinal dynamics becomes strongly nonlinear and an accurate control of the higher order energy dependent terms of the momentum compaction is necessary. The lattice for CIRCE allows controlling these terms up to the third order. The paper describes the lattice and presents the calculated performances in terms of momentum acceptance, dynamic aperture, lifetime and momentum compaction tune capabilities.  
 
WEPLT148 Dynamical Map for Combined Function Magnets with Solenoid, Dipole and Quadrupole Fields dipole, interaction-region, lattice, closed-orbit 2185
 
  • A. Wolski, M. Venturini
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The interaction regions of colliders invariably include strong solenoid fields. Where quadrupoles and dipoles are embedded in the solenoid, the beam dynamics in the combined fields can be complicated to model using the traditional approach of interleaving slices of different fields. The complexity increases if the design trajectory is offset from the magnetic axis; this is the case, for example, in PEP-II. In this paper, we present maps for combined solenoid, dipole and quadrupole fields that provide a much simpler alternative to the traditional approach, and show that the deviation of the design trajectory from the magnetic axis can be handled in a straightforward manner. We illustrate the techniques presented by reference to the PEP-II interaction region.  
 
WEPLT149 Image-charge Effects on the Beam Halo Formation and Beam Loss in a Small-aperture Alternating-gradient Focusing System beam-losses, focusing, lattice, heavy-ion 2188
 
  • J. Zhou, C. Chen
    MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  The image-charge effects on an intense charged-particle beam propagating through an alternating-gradient focusing channel with a small aperture, circular, perfectly conducting pipe are studied using a test-particle model. For a well-matched elliptical beam with the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) distribution, it is found that halo formation and beam loss is induced by nonlinear fields due to image charges on the wall. The halo formation and chaotic particle motion dependent sensitively on the system parameters: filling factor of the quadrupole focusing field, vacuum phase advance, beam perveance, and the ratio of the beam size to the aperture. Furthermore, the percentage of beam loss to the conductor wall is calculated as a function of propagating distance and aperture. The theoretical results are compared with PIC code simulation results.  
 
WEPLT154 UAL Implementation of String Space Charge Formalism space-charge, emittance, lattice, synchrotron 2200
 
  • R.M. Talman
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • N. Malitsky
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  By reformulating the force between point charges as the force on a point charge due to a co-moving line charge (or "string",) space charge calculations can be reformulated as intrabeam scattering, with no intermediate, particle-in-cell step required.[*] This approach is expected to be especially useful for calculating emittance dilution of ultrashort bunches in magnetic fields, where coherent radiative effects are important. This paper describes the partial implementation of this approach within UAL (Unified Accelerator Libraries.) The interparticle force is calculated and applied to the dynamics of a bunch represented by just two superparticles in an idealized lattice, with emphasis on the head-tail effect. Gridding of the interparticle force, as needed for realistic multiparticle simulation, is also described.

* R. Talman, "String Formulation of Space Charge Forces in a Deflected Bunch". Submitted to PRSTAB, January, 2004

 
 
WEPLT171 Rotating Electromagnetic Field Trap for High Temperature Plasma and Charge Confinement electron, laser, electromagnetic-fields, plasma 2230
 
  • V.V. Danilov
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  This paper demonstrates that there exists a special combination of oscillating electromagnetic fields capable of trapping ultra high charge densities. Trapped particles undergo stable motion when their frequencies of oscillation are much higher than that of the ocillating field. Contrary to conventional electromagnetic traps, the motion in this dynamic trap is stable for arbitrarily high electromagnetic field amplitudes. This, in turn, leads to the possibility of using enormous electric and magnetic fields from RF or laser sources to confine dense ultrahigh temperature plasmas and particle beams.  
 
WEPLT182 Non-linear Modeling of the RHIC Interaction Regions multipole, dipole, interaction-region, lattice 2245
 
  • R. Tomas, W. Fischer, A.K. Jain, Y. Luo, F.C. Pilat
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  For RHIC's collision lattices the dominant sources of transverse non-linearities are located in the interaction regions. The field quality is available for most of the magnets in the interaction regions from the magnetic measurements, or from extrapolations of these measurements. We discuss the implementation of these measurements on the MADX models of the Blue and the Yellow rings and their impact on beam stability.  
 
THXCH01 Achieving Sub-micron Stability in Light Sources feedback, photon, storage-ring, resonance 211
 
  • M. Böge
    PSI, Villigen
  One of the major goals for present and future light sources is to achieve sub-micron orbit stability of the electron beam at the photon beam source points over a large frequency range. This puts tight constraints on the design of the various accelerator components like girders, magnets, power supplies and diagnostic hardware. Fast orbit feedbacks systems based on high performance RF- and X-BPMs become essential to suppress residual orbit distortions. Furthermore the "top-up" operation mode which guaranties a constant electron beam current and thus a constant heat load in 3rd generation light sources is one of the key ingredients to reach sub-micron stability.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
THOBCH02 DAFNE Operation with the FINUDA Experiment wiggler, luminosity, coupling, collider 233
 
  • C. Milardi, D. Alesini, G. Benedetti, M.E. Biagini, C. Biscari, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, A. Clozza, G.O. Delle Monache, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, F. Marcellini, G. Mazzitelli, L. Pellegrino, M.A. Preger, P. Raimondi, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, M. Zobov
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  DAFNE operation restarted in September 2003, after a six months shut-down for the installation of FINUDA, a magnetic detector dedicated to the study of hypernuclear Physics. FINUDA is the third experiment running, in sequence, at DAFNE and operates while keeping on place the other detector KLOE. During the shut-down both the Interaction Regions have been equipped with remotely controlled rotating quadrupoles in order to operate at different solenoid fields. Among many other hardware upgrades one of the most significant is the reshaping of the wiggler pole profile to improve the field quality and the machine dynamic aperture. Commissioning of the collider in the new configuration has been completed in short time. The peak luminosity delivered to FINUDA has reached 6 1031 s-1 cm-2, with a daily integrated value exceeding 3 pb-1.

Work presented by C. Milardi on behalf of the DAFNE Team

 
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
THPKF007 Canadian Light Source Status and Commissioning Results injection, storage-ring, dipole, sextupole 2269
 
  • L. Dallin, R. Berg, J.C. Bergstrom, X. Shen, R.M. Silzer, J.M. Vogt, M.S. de Jong
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
  The storage ring for the Canadian Light Source (CLS) was completed in August 2003. By January 2004, after about shifts of commissioning beam currents of up to 25 mA with 0.7 hr lifetimes were achieved. Injection times for 25 mA are about 4 minutes. Commissioning activities include global orbit correction, measurement of machine parameters and beam-based diagnostices. Features of the CLS are a compact lattice (170 m) for a 2.9 GeV storage ring, high performance magnets and a superconducting RF cavity. By July, when beamlines become operational, currents up to 100 mA with 4 hour lifetimes are expected.  
 
THPKF011 Vibration Measurements at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) site, resonance, ground-motion, lattice 2278
 
  • S. Redaelli, R.W. Assmann, W. Coosemans
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Böge, M. Dehler, L. Rivkin
    PSI, Villigen
  Vibration measurements have been carried out at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) site as part of a collaboration between the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The vibration level of the SLS floor and of some lattice elements of the SLS ring have been monitored under various experimental conditions. In particular, vibration spectra of lattice quadrupoles have been measured with a circulating beam and compared with the spectra of transverse beam positions, as measured with beam position monitors. This paper summarizes the results.  
 
THPKF026 An Update on the SESAME Light Source lattice, dipole, sextupole, dynamic-aperture 2323
 
  • D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • M. Attal, G. Vignola
    SESAME, Amman
  During the past three years, the SESAME machine design has been optimised gradually taking into consideration the users demand in the Middle East region. The earlier design concept was to upgrade BESSY I to an energy of 1GeV, now SESAME is a 2.5GeV 3rd generation light source. A recent design review has recommended changing the machine lattice and layout to give greater flexibility for future upgrading and modification, the longest possible beam lines and the longest possible insertion devices, all of that with the limitation of the space available for the machine within the building. By shifting the machine by 6m from the centre of the building (in one direction) it was possible to increase the circumference of the storage ring by 3.6m into 128.4m and beam lines with lengths of 37.7m achieved, while the longest beam line in the old design was only 33.1m, this also increased the total length of the beam lines from 378.2m in the old design into 391.0m. An outline of these optimisations with their influence on the machine output is presented here. Furthermore the beam dynamics, the design of the main components of the storage ring and the first set of beam lines will be discussed.  
 
THPKF030 Progress Report on the construction of SOLEIL dipole, storage-ring, booster, sextupole 2335
 
  • J.-M. Filhol
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The construction of SOLEIL, the French new SR facility, was launched in Jan 2002. The construction of the building has started in Aug 2003 and will enable a progressive beneficial occupancy from summer 2004 onwards. It is foreseen to achieve the commissioning of the 100 MeV Linac by the end of 2004, of the 3 Hz Booster in spring 2005 and of the 2.75 GeV Storage Ring by the end of 2005. All the major components have been ordered and some have already been delivered : the Booster and SR dipole magnets, the Linac sections and the Booster RF cavity. Some innovative development have been initiated specifically for SOLEIL: A 352 MHz SC RF cavity, solid state RF amplifiers for the Booster (40 kW) and the Ring (2 x 190 kW), BPM digital electronics, Al NEG coated vacuum vessels for all straight parts of the ring, or electromagnetic undulators to provide high brilliance polarized light in the VUV range. In order to provide the best performances, significant attention was paid at each design stage (optics, magnets, BPM, vacuum and RF systems,..), involving a large effort of simulation, using 6D tracking codes, or evaluating in detail the contribution of each component to the machine impedance.

on behalf of the SOLEIL project team

 
 
THPKF033 Prospects for Long-term Lattice Upgrade at the ESRF emittance, lattice, dipole, optics 2344
 
  • A. Ropert, P. Elleaume, L. Farvacque, Y. Papaphilippou, T. Perron
    ESRF, Grenoble
  Twelve years after commissioning, the ESRF delivers routinely X-rays of brilliance, a factor hundred higher than the design target, to 45 beamlines. Further long-term improvements to the storage ring performance concern the reduction of the horizontal emittance leading to an increase of the brilliance and/or the increase of the number of beamlines from insertion device source points. In this paper, we review the different scenarios that can be envisaged with keeping untouched the existing tunnel and beamlines. Among them, the concept of the Double DBA structure that combines the reduction of emittance (a factor of 8) and the increase of the number of straight sections (64 instead of 32) looks the most attractive. Some of the challenging issues of such a scheme (squeezed space between magnets, innovative combined function magnets of unprecedented small aperture, small dynamic aperture) will be discussed.  
 
THPKF058 Experimental Experience with a Thermionic RF-gun gun, cathode, emittance, electron 2394
 
  • S. Werin, Å. Andersson, M. Bergqvist, M. Brandin, L. Malmgren, S. Werin
    MAX-lab, Lund
  • G. Georgsson
    Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
  An RF-gun structure developed at MAX-lab, and thus different from the most common BNL-structure, is in operation as a thermionic RF-gun at MAX-lab. The properties of the gun have been investigated. Especially aspects such as extractable energy range, emittance properties at various beamloading conditions and extracted current.  
 
THPKF064 Status of Kharkov X-ray Generator based on Compton Scattering NESTOR storage-ring, injection, laser, electron 2412
 
  • A.Y. Zelinsky, V.P. Androsov, E.V. Bulyak, I.V. Drebot, P. Gladkikh, V.A. Grevtsev, V.A. Ivashchenko, I.M. Karnaukhov, V. Lapshin, V. Markov, N.I. Mocheshnikov, A. Mytsykov, F.A. Peev, A.V. Rezaev, A.A. Shcherbakov, V.L. Skirda, V.A. Skomorokhov, Y.N. Telegin, V.I. Trotsenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  • A. Agafonov, A.N. Lebedev
    LPI, Moscow
  • J.I.M. Botman
    TUE, Eindhoven
  • T.R. Tatchyn
    SLAC/SSRL, Menlo Park, California
  Nowadays the sources of the X-rays based on a storage ring with low beam energy and Compton scattering of intense laser beam are under development in several laboratories. In the paper the state-of-art in development and construction of cooperative project of a Kharkov advanced X-ray source NESTOR based on electron storage ring with beam energy 43 - 225 MeV and Nd:YAG laser is described. The layout of the facility is presented and main results and constructing timetable are described. The designed lattice includes 4 dipole magnets with combined focusing functions, 20 quadrupole magnets and 19 sextupoles with octupole component of magnetic field. At the present time a set of quadrupole magnet is under manufacturing and bending magnet reconstruction is going on. The main parameters of developed vacuum system providing residual gas pressure in the storage ring vacuum chamber up to 10-9 torr are presented along with testing measurement at NSC KIPT vacuum bench. The facility is going to be in operation in the middle of 2006 and generated X-rays flux is expexted to be of about 1013 phot/s.  
 
THPKF068 An Advanced Light Source Proposed for the South Eastern USA lattice, dipole, emittance, brightness 2421
 
  • V.P. Suller, M.G. Fedurin, J. Hormes
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  • D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • G. Vignola
    SESAME, Amman
  At this time CAMD, a 1.3 GeV second generation storage ring, is the only synchrotron radiation facility in the Southeastern USA. To cater for the increasing demand for synchrotron light in this region a study is being made for a new high performance source. In keeping with its role as a regional source, it must be economical to construct and operate yet provide high brightness beams from its Insertion Devices. These will need to span both the soft X-ray region (1-2 keV) and the X-ray region up to at least 13 keV. A high brightness 3rd generation source is described which exhibits a beam emittance less than 10 nm rads at an energy of 2.5 GeV. By using a lattice cell derived from the Theoretical Minimum Emittance type, this performance is achieved in a circumference of only approximately 160 m. The economical, yet flexible, lattice uses vertically focusing gradient in the dipoles. The lattice functions and other parameters are presented of both a 12 cell double bend design and a 10 cell triple bend. The 12 cell gives a horizontal emittance of 8.5 nm rads and the 10 cell 4.6 nm rads. The dynamical stability of both lattices is described together with the beam performance from the anticipated insertion devices. The current status of the proposal is explained.  
 
THPKF070 A Beam Based Alignment System at the CAMD Light Source lattice, alignment, power-supply, storage-ring 2427
 
  • V.P. Suller, E.J. Anzalone, A.J. Crappell, M.G. Fedurin, T.A. Miller
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  Beam based alignment is being applied to the CAMD light source. It is implemented by a flexible and versatile system of electronic shunts which are applied to each of the storage ring lattice quadrupoles. The essential design features of the electronic shunts are described as is the routine operation of the full system. The improvement to the corrected closed orbit from using the system is shown. Preliminary results are presented of the use of the shunts for correcting the lattice functions.  
 
THPKF071 Linear Coupling and Lifetime Issues in the DIAMOND Storage Ring coupling, emittance, storage-ring, sextupole 2430
 
  • R. Bartolini
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  • N.G. Wyles
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  In synchrotron light sources the correction of the linear coupling is an important issue related to the brightness of the photon beam and to the beam lifetime. The vertical emittance of the electron beam in the DIAMOND storage ring will be controlled using 168 skew quadrupoles embedded in the sextupoles of the ring. In this paper we report the linear coupling estimates for the expected misalignment errors and we compare the results of coupling correction with different correction strategies. The effect on lifetimes is also discussed.  
 
THPLT006 A Comparison of COSY DA Maps with Analytic Formulae for Orbit Functions of a Non-scaling FFAG Accelerator closed-orbit, electron, betatron, acceleration 2469
 
  • S.R. Koscielniak
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) magnetic lattices with fixed, possibly high, radio-frequency proposed for muon acceleration have unusual requirements: relative momentum swing dp/p of ± 30% and relative spread of revolution frequencies < 10(-3). It is not evident whether the existing accelerator optical design codes are sufficiently accurate for such a large momentum range. Analytic expressions for orbit displacements, tunes and path length have been derived for thick-element models of doublet, F0D0 and FDF triplet lattices; it is this paper's purpose to compare these with values computed by SYNCH and COSY, and truncated Taylor maps constructed by Lie algebra. The mutual agreement of results from independent sources will serve to validate them all. A mathematical necessity is that one at least of the magnets be of the combined-function type, and with entrance and exit faces disposed in a sector layout. It is sufficient to consider the triplet case because in the limit that the two F quadrupoles are combined, the cell reduces to the simpler F0D0. We use as our example a "nonscaling" FFAG ring proposed for accelerations of muons over the momentum range 10-20 GeV/c.  
 
THPLT011 Longitudinal Loss Distribution along the LHC dipole, beam-losses, simulation, proton 2484
 
  • E.B. Holzer, B. Dehning
    CERN, Geneva
  For the design and calibration of the LHC beam loss monitoring system it is essential to have good predictions of the expected longitudinal loss distributions. For this purpose a complete and detailed aperture model of one LHC sector was compiled and included with the tracking code MAD. The positions of all beam pipe bellows are included in the model as well. Therefore, it allows investigating the loss pattern due to misalignment effects, in addition to steady beam losses (beam halo, beam-beam and beam-rest gas interactions) and orbit errors. Loss maps of halo particles originating from the betatron cleaning insertion have been created for proton and ion beams. The distribution of particle losses along the beam pipe is folded with the result of GEANT simulations of the shower development through the magnets and cold masses. They link the loss of a beam particle on the aperture to particle fluencies outside of the cryostats, where the beam loss monitors will be installed. These simulations determine the positioning of the loss monitors, the longitudinal distance one detector has to cover to achieve the required resolution as well as all calibration factors for the individual detectors. The model also serves to identify hot spots, which can limit the performance of the LHC.  
 
THPLT012 Design of the Beam Loss Monitoring System for the LHC Ring beam-losses, proton, collimation, monitoring 2487
 
  • E.B. Holzer, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, G. Ferioli, J.L. Gonzalez, E. Gschwendtner, G. Guaglio, M. Hodgson, V. Prieto, C. Zamantzas
    CERN, Geneva
  The beam loss monitoring (BLM) system of the LHC is one of the most critical elements for the protection of the LHC. It must prevent the super conducting magnets from quenches and the machine components from damages, caused by beam losses. It helps in the identification of the loss mechanism by measuring the loss pattern. Special detectors will be used for the setup and control of the collimators. Furthermore, it will be an important tool during machine setup and studies. The specification requirements of the BLM system include a very high reliability  
 
THPLT021 A DSP-Based Fast Orbit Feedback System for the Synchrotron Light Source DELTA feedback, storage-ring, booster, power-supply 2514
 
  • B. Keil
    PSI, Villigen
  • K. Wille
    DELTA, Dortmund
  A DSP-based Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) system has been designed for the synchrotron light facility DELTA. DELTA consists of a 60 MeV linac, the ramped storage ring BoDo as full-energy injector and the 1.5 GeV storage ring Delta. BoDo and Delta have the same dipole, quadrupole and corrector magnet design, the same beam pipe design and the same BPM RF frontends, therefore BoDo was used as a testbed for the newly developed FOFB hardware and software. Using the fast corrector magnet power supplies of BoDo, the FOFB could damp orbit perturbations up to 90 Hz. The envisaged future use of the FOFB for the Delta storage ring will require either the partial or full replacement of the present slow (1 Hz bandwidth) Delta corrector power supplies, or additional fast power supplies with dedicated FOFB corrector magnets. A first test of the FOFB in Delta for local orbit stabilization at one beamline is in preparation. This paper presents the results of a successful test of the FOFB at BoDo, where it achieves a correction rate of 4 kHz for a global SVD-based feedback in both planes. The FOFB is based on the "DeltaDSP" VMEbus DSP boards that are also used for the BoDo betatron tune feedback.  
 
THPLT055 Longitudinal Phase Space Characterization of the CTF3 Beam with the RF Deflector simulation, alignment, linac, transverse-dynamics 2610
 
  • D. Alesini, C. Biscari, A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • R. Corsini
    CERN, Geneva
  The characterization of the longitudinal phase space of the CTF3 beam is an important item for tuning all machine parameters and increase the 30 GHz power production. By means of an RF deflector and a dispersive system the longitudinal phase space can be completely characterized. In this paper we present the simulation of the measurement and the mechanical layout of the full system.  
 
THPLT057 An RF Deflector Design for 6d Phase Space Characterization of the Sparc Beam simulation, emittance, linac, dipole 2616
 
  • C. Vaccarezza, D. Alesini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • M. Amadei, P. Cascavola, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  • J. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  The characterization of the longitudinal and transverse phase space of the beam provided by the SPARC photoinjector is a crucial point to establish the performance quality of the photoinjector itself. By means of an RF deflector and a dispersive system, the six dimensional beam phase space can be analyzed. A five cell SW aluminum prototype of the SPARC RF deflector has been realized and tested. We report in this paper the design issues together with the RF measurement results. The simulation results of the 6D phase space reconstruction of the SPARC beam are also presented.  
 
THPLT071 Upgraded Symplectic 3D Beam Tracking of the J-PARC 3 GeV RCS injection, space-charge, emittance, simulation 2658
 
  • M.J. Shirakata, H. Fujimori, Y. Irie
    KEK, Ibaraki
  The J-PARC 3 GeV ring is a rapid cycling synchrotron which consists of the large bore size magnets. The beam tracking with the 3D distributed magnetic fields is kept developing in order to investigate the beam injection process. In the case of the high intensity hadron accelerator, an accurate beam simulation is important for the designing because a very small amount of beam loss can be critical from the maintenance point of view. In order to improve the tracking accuracy and to save the calculation time, the symplectic integration with the fractal decomposition method has been introduced. The updated simulation results of the beam injection on the J-PARC 3 GeV RCS and the improved performance of ‘GenericSolver' are presented in this paper. The quadrupole fields are also treated as the 3D distributed magnetic fields because they interfered with the bump magnet fields. The remarkable features on the large bore magnet system in the ring accelerator are also discussed.  
 
THPLT072 Magnet and RF Systems of Small Pulse Synchrotron for Radiotherapy dipole, synchrotron, proton, sextupole 2661
 
  • K. Endo, K. Egawa, Z. Fang, S. Yamanaka
    KEK, Ibaraki
  To cure the malignant tumor it is desirable to equalize the treatment level to everybody anywhere he lives in. Proton and/or carbon-ion therapy are now considered as a powerful remedy as the radiation dose can be easily concentrated to the target volume by utilizing the Bragg?s peak. If a small medical accelerator is developed at a reasonable cost, it has a big potential to promote the advanced medical treatment with the accelerator in every place. This pulse synchrotron aims to reduce the size of the accelerator by generating the high magnetic field in a short time which leads to a compact ring of high field magnets. Acceleration time is only 5 msec by using the discharge current of a capacitor bank as large as 200 kA at peak, almost equivalent to half sinusoidal 50 Hz. Part of the discharge current is branched to excite the quadrupole magnets to assure the tracking between the dipole and quadrupole fields. Pulsed power technique is also adopted to drive the RF power tubes. Both magnet and RF systems have been developed and being extensively studied. Technological sides of both systems will be treated in details as well as the computational beam behaviors in this pulse synchrotron.  
 
THPLT089 MATLAB Based TPSA Toolbox for the Particle Mapping Through Three-dimensional Magnetic Fields insertion, insertion-device, focusing, storage-ring 2703
 
  • H.-P. Chang, H.-J. Tsai
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  Based on the object-oriented programming of MATLAB, a truncated power series algebra (TPSA) toolbox has been developed. The TPSA toolbox as a differential algebra has been applied to realize the algorithm of particle mapping through three-dimensional magnetic field configurations. The capability of symbolic calculation by using this MATLAB-based TPSA toolbox can be used for the theoretical simulation and modeling in accelerator physics. Associated with the use of MATLAB in the control of machines, one can derive the real machine with a virtual machine model built in MATLAB. In this paper, the method of symplectic mapping of three-dimensional magnetic fields is introduced and the structure of TPSA toolbox is presented. Applications of TPSA toolbox in the symplectic mapping of three-dimensional magnetic fields are demonstrated as well.  
 
THPLT095 Nuclotron Extracted Beam Spill Control extraction, power-supply, feedback, monitoring 2718
 
  • V. Volkov, V. Andreev, E. Frolov, V. Karpinsky, A. Kirichenko, A.D. Kovalenko, V.A. Mikhaylov, S. Romanov, B. Vasilishin, A. Volnov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The first experiments with the Nuclotron Beam Slow Extraction System (BES) were carried out in December 1999. After the BES commissioning, the development of the system was continued together with experiments on relativistic nuclear physics. To realize the constant-current-beam or the constant-time-length spill and to suppress the low frequency spill structure in the range up to several hundred hertz, a spill control subsystem was designed and put into operation. It consists of a feedback loop in parallel with a feed-forward control. In the feedback loop the extracted particle flux is measured with beam current monitor and is compared with the request flux. The resulting error signal is fed into a feedback controller. The controller is an analog unit in which integration, differentiation and gain can be adjusted separately. The output control signal is added to the extraction quadrupoles power supply pattern generated by the corresponding function generator. The beam spill control subsystem has been improved in stages since its commissioning in 2000. The beam spill duration of more than 10s and the beam spill uniformity of about 0.9 were achieved in recent Nuclotron runs.  
 
THPLT161 Compton X-ray Source electron, laser, gun, diagnostics 2837
 
  • A.E. Vlieks, G. Caryotakis, D.W. Martin
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • C.A. DeStefano, W.J. Frederick, J.P. Heritage, N.C. Luhmann Jr.
    UCD, Davis, California
  In an effort to develop a monochromatic, tunable source of X-rays in the 20-85 KeV energy range, a 5.5 cell X-band RF gun has been designed and tested. Together with a 1.05 m high gradient accelerating structure (an NLC Collider component), this system generates and accelerates a beam of electrons to energies greater than 60 MeV. Monochromatic X-rays are generated, via the Compton Effect, through a head-on collision of this beam with a multi-terawatt laser beam.We are currently measuring and analyzing the performance of the complete system, including the energy, monochromaticity and emittance of the electron beam, the laser system performance and the X-ray flux from the beam-laser interaction. A tunable, monochromatic X-ray source has important medical applications.We will report on the latest results as well as describe the experimental setup, components and diagnostics.  
 
THPLT166 Development of Injection and Optics Control Applications for the SNS Accumulator Ring injection, optics, linac, sextupole 2849
 
  • S.M. Cousineau, C. Chu, J. Galambos, S. Henderson, T. Pelaia, M. Plum
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • A.L. Leahman
    WSSU, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
  A large suite of physics software applications is being developed to facilitate beam measurement and control in the SNS accumulator ring. Two such applications are an injection control and measurement application, and a ring optics control application. The injection application will handle measurement and control of the linac beam position and angle at the stripper foil, and will be used to measure the twiss parameters of the linac beam at the foil. The optics control application will provide knobs for machine working point, chromaticity, arc phase advance, and harmonic correction. Both applications are written within the standard in-house XAL framework. Presented here are first versions of the applications, along with plans for future development and testing.  
 
THPLT168 XAL - The SNS Application Programming Infrastructure klystron, linac, background, monitoring 2855
 
  • J. Galambos, C. Chu, S.M. Cousineau, T. Pelaia, A. Shishlo
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • C. Allen, C. McChesney
    LANL/LANSCE, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • W.-D. Klotz
    ESRF, Grenoble
  • I. Kriznar, A. Zupanc
    Cosylab, Ljubljana
  A Java programming infrastructure for high level applications has been developed and is being used for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The framework provides a hierarchal view of the accelerator and hides much of the underlying control system details. The hierarchy is database configured, facilitating sharing of applications across different beamlines, shielding the programmer from detailed knowledge of signal names, and allowing wholesale updating of applications. An important aspect of the framework is an online model, which can be run for design values, live machine values or user selected tuning values. Sample applications will be shown.  
 
THPLT173 RHIC BPM Performance: Comparison of Run 2003 and 2004 background, proton, instrumentation, pick-up 2867
 
  • R. Calaga, R. Tomas
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Identification of malfunctioning BPMs plays an important role in any orbit or turn-by-turn analysis. Singular value decomposition (SVD)and Fourier transform methods were recently employed to identify malfunctioning BPMs at RHIC. A detailed statistical comparison between the two methods for Run 2003 was in good agreement and proved to be a robust method to identify faulty BPMs. We evaluate detailed BPM performance for different versions of BPM low-level software in 2003 and 2004.  
 
THPLT179 MADX-UAL Suite for Off-line Accelerator Design and Simulation simulation, sextupole, optics, space-charge 2873
 
  • N. Malitsky, R.P. Fliller III, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, S. Tepikian, J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • F. Schmidt
    CERN, Geneva
  • R.M. Talman
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  We present here an accelerator modeling suite that integrates the capability of MADX and UAL packages, based on the Standard eXchange Format (SXF) interface. The resulting environment introduces a one-stop collection of accelerator applications ranging from the lattice design to complex beam dynamics studies. The extended capabilities of the MADX-UAL integrated approach have been tested and effectively used in two accelerator projects: RHIC, where direct comparison of operational and simulated data is possible, and the SNS Accumulator Ring, still in its design phase.  
 
THPLT181 A Tomographic Technique for Magnetized Beam Matching electron, gun, linac, heavy-ion 2876
 
  • C. Montag, I. Ben-Zvi, J. Kewisch
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  To maintain low electron beam temperatures in the proposed RHIC electron cooler, careful matching of the magnetized beam from the source to the cooler solenoid is mandatory. We propose a tomographic technique to diagnose matching conditions. First simulation results will be presented.