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MOOCH01 Beam Based Alignment at the KEK-ATF Damping Ring quadrupole, emittance, alignment, betatron 36
 
  • M. Woodley, J. Nelson, M.C. Ross, J.L. Turner
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • K. Kubo
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • A. Wolski
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  The damping rings for a future linear collider will have demanding alignment and stability requirements in order to achieve the low vertical emittance necessary for high luminosity. The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK has successfully demonstrated the <5 pm vertical emittance specified for the GLC/NLC Main Damping Rings [*]. One contribution to this accomplishment has been the use of Beam Based Alignment (BBA) techniques. The mode of operation of the ATF presents particular challenges for BBA, and we describe here how we have deduced the offsets of the BPMs with respect to the quadrupoles. We also discuss a technique that allows for direct measurements of the beam-to-quad offsets.

* "Extremely Low Vertical-Emittance Beam in the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK", K. Kubo, et al., Phys.Rev.Lett.88:194801,2002

 
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
MOPKF071 Study of Row Phase Dependent Skew Quadrupole Fields in Apple-II type EPUs at the ALS quadrupole, polarization, undulator, focusing 479
 
  • C. Steier, S. Marks, S. Prestemon, D. Robin, R.D. Schlueter, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  Since about 5 years, Apple-II type Elliptically Polarizing Undulators (EPU) have been used very successfully at the ALS to generate high brightness photon beams with arbitrary polarization. However, both EPUs installed so far cause significant changes of the vertical beamsize, especially when the row phase is changed to change the polarization of the photons emitted. The effect has been measured in detail and turned out to be caused by a row phase dependent skew quadrupole term in the EPUs. Magnetic measurements revealed the same effect for the third EPU to be installed later this year. All measurements to identify and quantify the effect with beam will be presented, as well as results of magnetic bench measurements and numeric field simulations.  
 
MOPKF072 Towards Attosecond X-ray Pulses from the FEL electron, laser, wiggler, radiation 482
 
  • A. Zholents, J.M. Byrd, W. Fawley, Z. Hao, M.C. Martin, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, R.W. Schoenlein, M. Venturini, M.S. Zolotorev
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The ability to study ultrafast phenomena has been recently advanced by the demonstrated production and measurement of a single, 650-attosecond, soft x-ray pulses precisely synchronized to the pump laser pulse consisted of just few optical cycles. The next frontier is a production of attosecond x-ray pulses at even shorter wavelengths. Here we propose the method of ?seeded attosecond x-ray radiation? where an isolated, attosecond duration, short-wavelength x-ray pulse is radiated by electrons selected by their previous interaction with a few-cycle, intense laser pulse. In principle this method allows excellent synchronization between the attosecond x-ray probe pulse and a pump source that can be the same few-cycle laser pulse or another signal derived from it.  
 
MOPKF080 Controlling Emittance Growth in an FEL Beam Conditioner emittance, undulator, quadrupole, electron 503
 
  • P. Emma, G.V. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  It has been proposed [*] to 'condition' an electron beam prior to the undulator of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) by increasing each particle's energy in proportion to the square of its transverse betatron amplitude. This conditioning enhances FEL gain by reducing the axial velocity spread within the electron bunch. Previosly [**] we presented a system that allows conditioning of the beam on a relatively short distance, however, it suffers from projected beam emittance growth to the extent that makes it impractical for application for X-ray FELs. In this paper we extend analysis proposed by A. Wolski for general requirements to the conditioner which does not have such emittance growth. We also present a possible implementation of a beam conditioner consisting of multiple solenoid cells in combination with quadrupole magnets. Simulations show that in such a system the emittance growth can be suppressed to acceptable level, albeit in a longer system.

* A. Sessler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, 309 (1992).** P. Emma and G. Stupakov. PRSTAB, 6, 030701 (2003).

 
 
MOPLT023 Electron Model of an FFAG Muon Accelerator acceleration, resonance, electron, simulation 587
 
  • E. Keil
    CERN, Geneva
  • J.S. Berg
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • A. Sessler
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  Parameters are derived for the lattice and RF system of electron models of a non-scaling FFAG ring for accelerating muons. The models accelerate electrons from about 10 to about 20 MeV, and have circumferences between 10 and 17 m. Magnet types and dimensions, spacings, half apertures, about 12~mm by 20~mm,and number of cells are presented. The magnetic components are compared to existing magnets. The tune variation with momentum covers several integers, similar to that in a full machine, and allows the study of resonance crossing. The consequences of misaligned magnets are studied by simulation. The lattices are designed such that transition is at about 15 MeV. The variation of orbit length with momentum is less than 36~mm, and allows the study of acceleration outside a bucket. A 100~mm straight section, in each of the cells, is adequately long for an RF cavity operating at 3 GHz. Hamiltonian dynamics in longitudinal phase space close to transition is used to calculate the accelerating voltage needed. Acceleration is studied by simulation. Practical RF system design issues, e.g. RF power, and beam loading are estimated.  
 
MOPLT028 In-Situ Vibration Measurements of the CTF2 Quadrupoles quadrupole, resonance, alignment, linac 602
 
  • S. Redaelli, W. Coosemans
    CERN, Geneva
  The Compact LInear Collider (CLIC), presently under study at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), aims at colliding high-energy ‘‘nanobeams'' at a luminosity of 10$35$\,cm-2s-1. Vibrations of the lattice elements, if not properly corrected, can result in a loss in performance by creating both unacceptable emittance growth in the linear accelerator and relative beam-beam offsets at the interaction point. Of particular concern are the vibrations induced by the accelerator environment. For example, the circulating water used to cool the lattice quadrupoles will increase magnet vibration levels. In the framework of the CLIC stability study, in-situ measurements of quadrupole vibrations have been performed at the CLIC Test Facility 2 (CTF2) with all accelerator equipment switched on. Since the CTF2 quadrupoles and their alignment support structures are realistic prototypes of those to be used in the CLIC linac, the measurements provide a realistic estimate of the CLIC magnet vibrations in a realistic accelerator working environment.  
 
MOPLT047 Lattice Design Study for HESR quadrupole, sextupole, target, focusing 653
 
  • Y. Senichev, S. An, K. Bongardt, R. Eichhorn, A. Lehrach, R. Maier, S. Martin, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle
    FZJ/IKP, Jülich
  The important feature of High Energy Storage Ring is the combination of phase space cooled beams with internal targets, which allows to reach high luminosities up to 2*1032cm-2s-1. However, the requirement to have the strongly focused beam on the target causes the high chromaticity value on the target straight section and as in result to the squeezing of dynamic aperture after sextupole correction of the chromaticity. Simultaneously, the momentum-compaction factor is one of the most important characteristics of an accelerator, which defines the collective instability threshold. Therefore, the HESR lattice has to have the following features: low or negative momentum compaction factor, dispersion free straight sections, convenient method to correct the chromaticity by the sextupoles, sufficiently large dynamic aperture. In this work we develop lattice, which meets all these requirements for HESR.  
 
MOPLT056 Feasibility Study for a Very High Luminosity Phi-factory luminosity, focusing, betatron, radiation 680
 
  • C. Biscari, D. Alesini, G. Benedetti, M.E. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, A. Clozza, G.O. Delle Monache, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, F. Marcellini, G. Mazzitelli, C. Milardi, L. Pellegrino, M.A. Preger, P. Raimondi, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, M. Zobov
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • E. Levichev, P.A. Piminov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  Particle factories are facing their future by looking at the possibility of upgrading the luminosity by orders of magnitude. The upgrade challenges are more stringent at lower energies. Double symmetric rings, enhanced radiation damping, negative momentum compaction and very short bunches at the collision point are the main features of a phi-factory feasibility study presented in this paper. The bunch length of few millimeters at the crossing point of the beams is obtained by applying the Strong RF Focusing principle which provides a modulation of the bunch length along the ring by means of a large momentum compaction factor together with a very high RF gradient. The collider design fits the existing DAFNE infrastructures with completely rebuilt rings and upgraded injection system.  
 
MOPLT057 Proposal of a Strong RF Focusing Experiment at DAFNE focusing, luminosity, synchrotron, dipole 683
 
  • A. Gallo, D. Alesini, G. Benedetti, M.E. Biagini, C. Biscari, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, A. Clozza, G.O. Delle Monache, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, F. Marcellini, G. Mazzitelli, C. Milardi, L. Pellegrino, M.A. Preger, P. Raimondi, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, M. Zobov
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • E. Levichev, P.A. Piminov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  • C. Pagani
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  The strong RF focusing is a recently proposed technique to obtain short bunches at the interaction point in the next generation colliders. A large momentum compaction factor together with a very high RF gradient across the bunch provide a modulation of the bunch length along the ring, which can be minimized at the Interaction Point (IP). No storage ring has been so far operated in such a regime, since it requires uncommonly high synchrotron tune values. In this paper we present the proposal of creating the experimental conditions to study the strong RF focusing in DAFNE. The proposed machine lattice providing the required high momentum compaction value, the upgrade of the RF system including the installation of a multi-cell superconducting cavity, the upgrade of the cryogenic plant and a list of the possible beam experiments are illustrated and discussed.  
 
MOPLT069 Investigation of Injection for the Low-emittance Lattice with New-6.25 ohm Kicker Magnet System at the Photon Factory kicker, injection, factory, photon 710
 
  • A. Ueda, K. Harada, Y. Kobayashi, T. Mitsuhashi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  We installed 6.25ohm traveling-wave kicker magnet in the Photon Factory to obtain a wide acceptance for the injected beam into the low-emittance lattice of the Photon Factory. We investigate the injection for the low-emittance lattice with this 6.25ohm kicker magnet system. Hence we have optical beam diagnostic systems which source point is inside of injection bump, we use this system for the investigation of injection. The pulse shape of the injection bump was measured by the optical beam profile monitor with high-speed gated camera by using a stored beam. The result of pulse shape of injection bump was agreed with the predicted one by using result of magnetic field measurement, and pulse duration was shorter than twice of revolution time. The instantaneous beam profile of injected beam was observed in turn by turn by using the same beam profile monitor system. We measure the turn by turn position of the injected beam from this observation and compare with a simulation. We also observe a smear out of beam oscillation by nonlinear effect from this instantaneous beam profile measurement.  
 
MOPLT070 FFAG as Phase Rotator for the PRISM Project synchrotron, simulation, kicker, injection 713
 
  • A. Sato, M. Aoki, Y. Arimoto, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida
    Osaka University, Osaka
  • Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • S. Machida, Y. Mori, C. Ohmori, T. Yokoi, K. Yoshimura
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. Ninomiya
    RCNP, Osaka
  A Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) ring will be used as a phase rotator in the PRISM project. We report a design of the PRISM-FFAG in this paper. PRISM stands for "Phase Rotated Intense Slow Muon beam". It is a project to realize a super muon beam, which combines high-intensity, low-energy, narrow energy-spread and high purity. Its aimed intensity is about 1011-1012 muons per sec. The muon beam will be provided with a low kinetic energy of 20MeV to optimize for the stopped muon experiments. FFAG has some advantageous characteristics to achieve such superb beam. These are a large momentum (longitudinal) acceptance, a wide transverse acceptance with strong focusing, and synchrotron oscillation, which is needed to perform phase rotation. According to simulations, initial energy spread of 20MeV±40% is reduced down to ±6% after 5 turns of muons in the FFAG ring. In the FFAG ring almost all pions decay into muon, hence extracted beam has extremely low pion contamination. A program to construct the PRISM-FFAG ring has been started. It would be completed by the end of JFY 2005.  
 
MOPLT104 Quantitative Optimisation Studies of the Muon Front-End for a Neutrino Factory linac, target, emittance, proton 776
 
  • S.J. Brooks
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  In a Neutrino Factory, short proton pulses hit a target, producing pions at widely varying angles and energies. Efficient pion capture is required to maximise the yield of decayed muons, which proceed via acceleration stages into a muon storage ring to produce neutrinos. This paper presents optimisation of a solenoidal decay channel designed for high-emittance pions, based on schemes from CERN and RAL. A non-linear tracking code has been written to run under an optimisation algorithm where every beamline element can be varied, which is then deployed as a distributed computing project. Some subsequent stages of muon beamline are also simulated, including RF and non-RF phase-rotation techniques and in one option, initial muon acceleration to 400MeV. The objective is to find optimal transmissions for each front-end concept.  
 
MOPLT112 Optimizing Non-Scaling FFAG Lattices for Rapid Acceleration acceleration, quadrupole, electron, factory 800
 
  • C. Johnstone
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • S.R. Koscielniak
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  A linear approach to fixed field acceleration was first proposed [*,**] and successfully developed to support the rapid and large-emittance acceleration of muons for a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. Lattices have evolved from a simple F0D0-cell base as first proposed to a slightly more complex layout that has been referred to as a triplet configuration. In this work a methodology is developed for optimizing nonscaling lattices which demonstrates that the appropriate description is minimum momentum compaction, alpha=(dL/L)/(dp/p). Further, the triplet configuration is not used conventionally as a focusing telescope, but rather its optics is shown to resemble that of a F0D0-cell. This methodology is then used to propose and compare lattices for muon acceleration. Specifically a 2.5-5, 5-10, and 10-20 GeV/c lattice is proposed for muon acceleration and also one for a small, 10-20 MeV/c electron prototype machine.

* C. Johnstone, "FFAG Non-scaling Lattice Design", talk, Proc 4th Int Conf on the Physics Potential and Development of the m+ m- Colliders, San Francisco, CA Dec.10-12, 1997, pgs 696-698** F. Mills, "Linear Orbit Recirculators", ibid, pgs 693-696

 
 
MOPLT122 Dynamical Aperture Study for the NLC Main Damping Rings wiggler, damping, dynamic-aperture, octupole 824
 
  • M. Venturini, S. Marks, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  A sufficiently large acceptance is critical for the NLC Main Damping Rings (MDR) as the high power carried by the beams demands very high injection efficiency. Both chromatic sextupoles and wiggler insertions, needed for damping, are substantial sources of nonlinearities limiting the dynamical aperture. We report on our latest studies on single particle dynamics for the MDR current lattice with and without inclusion of lattice errors and with attention paid to working point optimization. The possibility to use octupole magnets for compensation is also explored.  
 
MOPLT123 A Reduced Emittance Lattice for the NLC Positron Pre-damping Ring wiggler, damping, emittance, injection 827
 
  • I. Reichel, A. Wolski
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The Pre-Damping Ring of the Next Linear Collider has to accept a large positron beam from the positron production target, and reduce the emittance and energy spread to low enough values for injection into the Main Damping Ring. A previous version of the lattice yielded an emittance of the extracted beam which was about 20% too large. In order to get the emittance down to the required value the quadrupole magnets in the dispersive regions in the ring were moved horizontally; this modifies the damping partition numbers. In addition, the model of the wigglers has been modified to reflect more closely the magnetic field map. The new lattice design meets damping and emittance requirements. The lattice and dynamic aperture studies are presented.  
 
MOPLT129 Identifying Lattice, Orbit, and BPM Errors in PEP-II betatron, coupling, emittance, luminosity 839
 
  • F.-J. Decker
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The PEP-II B-Factory is delivering peak luminosities of up to7.4·1033 1/cm2 1/s. This is very impressive especially considering our poor understanding of the lattice, absolute orbit and beam position monitor system (BPM). A few simple MATLAB programs were written to get lattice information, like betatron functions in a coupled machine (four all together) and the two dispersions, from the current machine and compare it the design. Big orbit deviations in the Low Energy Ring (LER) could be explained not by bad BPMs (only 3), but by many strong correctors (one corrector to fix four BPMs on average). Additionally these programs helped to uncover a sign error in the third order correction of the BPM system. Further analysis of the current information of the BPMs (sum of all buttons) indicates that there might be still more problematic BPMs.  
 
MOPLT158 Cost Optimization of Non-Scaling FFAG Lattices for Muon Acceleration acceleration, closed-orbit, extraction, injection 902
 
  • J.S. Berg, R. Palmer
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerators are a promising idea for reducing the cost of acceleration for muon accelerators as well as other machines. This paper presents an automated method for designing these machines to certain specifications, and uses that method to find a minimum cost design. The dependence of this minimum cost on various input parameters to the system is given. The impact of the result on an FFAG design for muon acceleration is discussed.  
 
TUYLH02 Low and Medium Energy Beam Acceleration in High Intensity Linacs linac, rfq, quadrupole, beam-losses 108
 
  • J. Stovall
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  In the past two years accelerator builders have published papers describing mature designs of no fewer than 7 new high-performance proton linacs. These machines are typically designed to deliver multi-megawatt beams for applications in pure and applied research. All of these machines use the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac for the first stage of acceleration to reach an energy of a few MeV. In essentially all cases, superconducting elliptical cavities have been adopted as the technology of choice for acceleration above ~100 MeV. Between the RFQ and the high-energy elliptical cavities, designers have proposed no fewer than 6 different types of accelerating structures. In many cases these structures are reaching maturity as a result of active development programs. In this paper, we review the design architectures of the ?low and medium energy? portions of these machines emphasizing recent experience and developments applicable to high-current linac designs.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
TUPLT003 Transfer Matrices for the Coupled Space Charge Dominated Six-dimensional Particle Motion space-charge, storage-ring, coupling, electron 1135
 
  • D.K. Kalantaryan, Y.L. Martirosyan
    CANDLE, Yerevan
  In this paper we present exact analytical solutions for the particle motion in the six-dimensional phase space taking into account the space charge forces of fully linear coupled beam. The transfer matrices for the typical elements of magnetic lattice, such as drifts, cavities, quadrupole and dipole magnets have been obtained. The symplectic transfer matrices are used to develop a tracking program for the coupled betatron and synchro-betatron motion that enables the simulation of the tilted beam effects in circular accelerators.  
 
TUPLT006 Simple Analytic Formulae for the Properties of Nonscaling FFAG Lattices quadrupole, injection, betatron, radio-frequency 1138
 
  • S.R. Koscielniak
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  • M.K. Craddock
    UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia
  A hallmark of the "non-scaling" FFAG lattices recently proposed for neutrino factories and muon colliders is that a wide range of momentum is compacted into a narrow radial band; dL/L is of order 10(-3) for dp/p of order unity. This property is associated with the use of F0D0 or FDF triplet lattices in which the F magnet provides a reverse bend. In this paper simple analytic formulae for key lattice properties, such as orbit displacement and path length as a function of momentum, are derived from thin-element models. These confirm the parabolic dependence of path-length on momentum observed with standard orbit codes, reveal the factors which should be adjusted to minimize its variation, and form a useful starting point for the thick-element design (for which analytic formulae are also presented). A key result is that optimized doublet, F0D0 and triplet cells of equal length and phase advance have equal path-length performance. Finally, in the context of a 10-20 GeV/c muon ring, the thin-element formulae are compared against lattice optical properties computed for thick-element systems; the discrepancies are small overall, and most discernible for the triplet lattices.  
 
TUPLT012 Adjusting the IP Beta-functions in RHIC. quadrupole, simulation, optics, power-supply 1156
 
  • W. Wittmer, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  • F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, J. Van Zeijts
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The beta- functions at the IP can be adjusted without perturbation of other optics functions via several approaches. In this paper we describe a scheme based on a vector knob, which assigns fixed values to the different tuning quadrupoles and scales them by a common multiplier. The values for the knob vector were calculated for a lattice without any errors using MADX. Previous studies for the LHC have shown that this approach can meet the design goals. A specific feature of the RHIC lattice is the nested power supply system. To cope with the resulting problems a detailed response matrix analysis has been carried out and different sets of knobs were calculated and compared. The knobs are tested at RHIC during the 2004 run and preliminary results maybe discussed. Simultaneously a new approach to measure the beam sizes of both colliding beams at the IP, based on the tune ability provided by the knobs, was developed and tested.  
 
TUPLT013 Calculating LHC Tuning Knobs using Various Methods quadrupole, optics, storage-ring, closed-orbit 1159
 
  • W. Wittmer, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  By measuring and adjusting the beta-functions at the IP the luminosity is being optimized. In LEP this was done with the two closest doublet magnets. This approach is not applicable for the LHC due to the asymmetric lattice and common beam pipe through the triplet magnets. To control and change the beta-functions quadrupole groups situated on both sides further away from the IP have to be used where the two beams are already separated. The quadrupoles are excited in specific linear combinations, forming the so-called tuning knobs for the IP beta-functions. We compare the performance of such knobs calculated by different methods: (1) matching in MAD, (2) inversion of the re-sponse matrix and singular value decomposition inversion and conditioning and (3) conditioning the response matrix by multidimensional minimization using Hessian method.  
 
TUPLT019 Nonlinear Effects Studies for a Large Acceptance Collector Ring sextupole, quadrupole, optics, dynamic-aperture 1177
 
  • A. Dolinskii, K. Beckert, P. Beller, B.  Franzke, F. Nolden, M. Steck
    GSI, Darmstadt
  A large acceptance collector ring (CR) is designed for fast cooling of rare isotope and antiproton beams, which will be used for nuclear physics experiments in the frame of the new international accelerator facility recently proposed at GSI. This contribution describes the linear and non-linear optimisation used to derive a lattice solution with good dynamic behaviour simultaneously meeting the demands for very fast stochastic cooling for two optical modes (for rare isotope and antiproton beams). Effects due to non-linear field contributions of the magnet field in dipoles and quadrupoles are very critical in this ring. Using a single particle dynamics approach, the major magnetic non-linearities of the CR are studied. We discuss the particle dynamics of the dipole and quadrupole fringe fields and the their influence on the dynamic aperture and on the tune. Additionally, the CR will be operated at the transition energy (isochronous mode) for time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometery of short-lived radioactive ions. For this mode a specific correction scheme is required to reach a high degree of isochronism over a large acceptance.  
 
TUPLT036 Optimization of Low Emittance Lattices for PETRA III wiggler, damping, sextupole, emittance 1225
 
  • W. Decking, K. Balewski
    DESY, Hamburg
  The reconstruction of the existing 2.3 km long storage ring PETRA II into a 3rd generation synchrotron light source (PETRA III) calls for an horizontal emittance of 1 nm rad. In addition the on- and off-momentum dynamic acceptance should be large to ensure sufficient injection efficiency and beam lifetime. We present three different types of lattices for the arcs of PETRA: a so-called TME lattice and a FODO lattice which both are newly designed to reach the specified emittance and the present FODO lattice with damping wigglers. The different lattice types have been compared through tracking calculations, including wiggler nonlinearities. Only the relaxed FODO lattice with damping wigglers meets the acceptance goals.  
 
TUPLT042 Ring of FIRE ion, storage-ring, quadrupole, injection 1243
 
  • C.P. Welsch, J. Ullrich
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • R. Doerner, H. Schmidt-Boecking
    IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • C. Glaessner, K.-U. Kuehnel, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A small electrostatic storage ring is the central machine of the Frankfurt Ion stoRage Experiments which will be build up at the new Stern-Gerlach-Center of Frankfurt university. With ion energies up to 50 keV it will allow new methods to analyze complex many-particle systems from atoms to very large bio molecules. The high luminosity of the beam allows measurements with many orders of magnitude better resolution compared to traditional measurements. It will be combined with existing experiments, like the reaction microscope COLTRIMS and the ECR ion source. In comparison to earlier designs, the ring lattice was modified in many details: Problems in earlier designs were related with e.g. the detection of light particles and highly charged ions with different charge states. Therefore, the deflectors were redesigned completely, allowing a more flexible positioning of the diagnostics. In this contribution the final design of the storage ring is presented and the layout of all elements given. First results from vacuum measurements in the recently assembled quarter ring section are summarized.  
 
TUPLT050 Lattice for CELLS emittance, insertion, insertion-device, optics 1264
 
  • M. Muñoz, D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  The CELLS is an approved project to build a national synchrotron light source in Spain. The main goals of the project are to provide a medium energy machine (3 GeV) with low emittance and top up operation, a circumference of ~280 m and at least 12 straight sections available for experiments. At present, two lattices are being considered. The first one is based in QBA optics and provides and emittance of 5 nm-rad, using existing technologies. The second one is a TBA one, with an emittance of 2 nm, where physical aperture are reduced by at least a factor 2 and gradients in the bending magnets are up to 10 T/m. We present the selected lattice, and review the main beam dynamics (energy acceptance, errors) issues.  
 
TUPLT069 Approaching to a Mono-modal Accelerating Cavity based on Photonic Band-gap Concepts simulation, coupling, radiation, scattering 1309
 
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  • A. Andreone, E. Di Gennaro, G. Lamura
    Naples University Federico II, Napoli
  • F. Francomacaro, M. Panniello, V.G. Vaccaro
    Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli
  • G. Keppel, V. Palmieri, D. Tonini
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  One of the main problem of high intensity accelerators is the presence of high order modes (HOMs) which might degrade the beam quality. Accelerating cavities require HOMs suppression while keeping high quality factor (Q) fundamental mode. Both these requirements can be hardly met in closed metallic cavities. In low frequency cases and for particular geometries it is possible to partially suppress HOMs, but at high frequencies and for superconducting cavities configuration becomes cumbersome and technically unviable. We propose here a high Q cavity based on Photonic Band Gap (PBG) concepts, operating in the microwave region. The cavity consists of a two-dimensional lattice, where posts (dielectric, metallic or superconducting) are sandwiched by two conducting plates. This sandwich exhibits two kinds of frequency bands: 'pass-bands' and 'stop-bands'. It is possible to localize modes in an equivalent cavity obtained by removing posts. These modes are localized in the 'cavity'. In this way, one can obtain a quasi-mono-modal cavity: high Q fundamental mode and HOMs falling into the pass bands. We will present the study, the optimisation and the measurements of our metallic (Copper) PBG structure working in the 2-20 GHz range. The development of a different cryogenic set-up, necessary to characterise an all superconducting or an hybrid (dielectric/metallic) structure, is under way.  
 
TUPLT081 Lattice Design of Large Acceptance FFAGs for the PRISM Project optics, emittance, focusing, synchrotron 1345
 
  • A. Sato
    Osaka University, Osaka
  • S. Machida
    KEK, Ibaraki
  In order to realize a super muon beam that combines high-intensity, low-energy, narrow energy-spread and high purity, the PRISM project has been proposed. In this project, a FFAG ring is used as a phase rotator. In this paper, a method of designing the PRISM-FFAG lattice will be described. The PRISM-FFAG has to have both of large transverse acceptance and large momentum acceptance to achieve high intensity. Furthermore, long straight sections to install RF cavities are required to obtain a high surviving ratio of the muon. Therefore, the PRISM-FFAG requires its magnets to have large aperture and small opening angle. In such magnets, not only nonlinear effects but also magnetic fringing field are important to study the beam dynamics of FFAGs. Although using realistic 3D magnetic field maps made with programs such as TOSCA is the best solution to study the FFAG dynamics, it takes long time to make such field maps. On a design process of the PRISM-FFAG, quasi-realistic 3D magnetic field maps, which are calculated applying spline interpolation to POISSON 2D field, were used to study the beam dynamics. A program based on GEANT3.21 was used for particle tracking.  
 
TUPLT087 Deflection Element for S-LSR storage-ring, ion, quadrupole, dipole 1357
 
  • M. Ikegami, H. Fadil, A. Noda, T. Shirai, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • T. Fujimoto, K. Noda, H. Ogawa, S. Shibuya, T. Takeuchi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • H. Okamoto
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  Main lattice of the ion storage and cooler ring, S-LSR is composed of 6 dipole and 12 quadrupole magnets. The maximum magnetic field, the radius of curvature and gap height are 0.95 T, 1050 mm and 70 mm, respectively. The field measurement of the dipole magnets has been completed with use of Hall-probe position controlled by driving mechanism composed of stepping motors and ball-screws. In order to cancel out the momentum dispersion, the radial electric field is superposed with the magnetic field. The radial electric field is applied by the electrodes installed into the vacuum vessel set inside the rather limited gap of the dipole magnet. Good field quality is to be realized with use of intermediate electrodes. In the present paper, the results of the magnetic field measurements are presented together with the design of the superposed electric field.  
 
TUPLT093 Tune Survey of Dynamic Apertures for High-brilliance Optics of the Pohang Light Source dynamic-aperture, emittance, betatron, simulation 1375
 
  • E.-S. Kim
    PAL, Pohang
  The PLS storage ring is a 2.5 GeV light source and the dynamic apertures in a lattice for the low emittance in the ring have been investigated by a simulation method. The dynamic apertures that include effects of machine errors and insertion devices were obtained by a tune survey in the simulation. It was also shown that how large are the dynamic aperture compensated after corrections of a CODs. The betatron tune for the operation of the high-brilliance lattice are investigated based on the view point of dynamic apertures obtained from a tune survey.  
 
TUPLT134 Lattice of NSC KIPT Compact Intense X-ray Generator NESTOR electron, storage-ring, laser, sextupole 1440
 
  • A.Y. Zelinsky, P. Gladkikh, I.M. Karnaukhov, V. Markov, A. Mytsykov, A.A. Shcherbakov
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  The new generation of the intense X-rays sources based on low energy electron storage ring and Compton scattering of laser beam allows to produce X-rays with intensity up to 1014 phot/s. One of the main traits of a storage ring lattice for such generator type is using of magnetic elements with combined focusing functions such as bending magnets with quadrupole and sextupole field components. In combination with very low bending radius and dense magnetic elements setting along ring circumference it leads to increasing of 3D magnetic field effects on electron beam dynamics and can decrease generated radiation intensity drastically. For the reasons of very low electron beam size at the interaction point and strong focusing in a compact storage ring the questions of determination of accuracy of bending magnet is very important too. The paper is devoted to the description of lattice of NSC KIPT Compact X-ray generator NESTOR. The results of investigations of the effects of 3D magnetic field and harmonic compound due to manufacture errors of bending magnets, bending magnet and lenses edges on electron beam dynamics are presented.  
 
TUPLT145 Transverse Coupling Measurement using SVD Modes from Beam Histories coupling, betatron, simulation, quadrupole 1470
 
  • C.-X. Wang
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • R. Calaga
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  In this report we investigate the measurement of local transverse coupling from turn-by-turn data measured at a large number of beam position monitors. We focus on a direct measurement of coupled lattice functions using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) modes and explore the accuracy of this method. The advantages and shortcomings of this model-independent method for coupling measurement will be also discussed.  
 
TUPLT153 Orbit Response Matrix Analysis Applied at PEP-II coupling, interaction-region, sextupole, luminosity 1488
 
  • C. Steier, A. Wolski
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  • S. Ecklund, J.A. Safranek, P. Tenenbaum, A. Terebilo, J.L. Turner, G. Yocky
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Beam-based techniques to study lattice properties have proven to be a very powerful tool to optimize the performance of storage rings. The analysis of orbit response matrices has been used very successfully to measure and correct the gradient and skew gradient distribution in many accelerators. The first applications were mostly in synchrotron light sources, but the technique is also used increasingly at colliders. It allows determination of an accurately calibrated model of the coupled machine lattice, which then can be used to calculate the corrections necessary to improve coupling, dynamic aperture and ultimately luminosity. At PEP-II, the Matlab version of LOCO has been used to analyze coupled response matrices for both the LER and the HER. The large number of elements in PEP-II and the very complicated interaction region present unique challenges to the data analysis. The orbit response matrix analysis will be presented in detail, as well as results of lattice corrections based on the calibrated machine model.  
 
TUPLT154 Aperture Studies for the Fermilab AP2 Anti-proton Line antiproton, kicker, injection, chromatic-effects 1491
 
  • I. Reichel, M. Placidi, M.S. Zisman
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • K. Gollwitzer, S. Werkema
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  The AP2 beamline transports anti-protons from the production target to the Debuncher ring. In the past the observed aperture has been smaller than that estimated from linear, on-energy optics. We have investigated possible reasons for the aperture limitation and have identified possible sources, including residual vertical dispersion from alignment errors and chromatic effects due to very large chromatic lattice functions. Some experiments have already been performed to study these effects. We present results of the experimental and theoretical studies and possible remedies.  
 
TUPLT161 Normal Form Analysis of Linear Beam Dynamics in a Coupled Storage Ring coupling, betatron, storage-ring, emittance 1503
 
  • M. Woodley
    SLAC/NLC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Wolski
    LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
  The techniques of normal form analysis, well known in the literature, can be used to provide a straightforward characterization of linear betatron dynamics in a coupled lattice. Here, we consider both the beam distribution and the betatron oscillations in a storage ring. We find that the beta functions for uncoupled motion generalize in a simple way to the coupled case. Defined in the way that we propose, the beta functions remain well behaved (positive and finite) under all circumstances, and have essentially the same physical significance for the beam size and betatron oscillations as in the uncoupled case. Application of this analysis to the online modeling of the PEP-II rings is also discussed.  
 
TUPLT182 Measuring Local Gradient and Skew Quadrupole Errors in RHIC IRs quadrupole, simulation, closed-orbit, interaction-region 1553
 
  • J.F. Cardona
    UNAL, Bogota D.C
  • S. Peggs, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The measurement of local linear errors at RHIC interaction regions using an "action and phase" analysis of difference orbits has already been presented [*]. This paper evaluates the accuracy of this technique using difference orbits that were taken when known gradient errors and skew quadrupole errors were intentionally introduced. It also presents action and phase analysis of simulated orbits when controlled errors are intentionally placed in a RHIC simulation model.

* J. Cardona, S. Peggs, T. Satogata, F. Pilat and V. Ptitsyn,"Determination of Linear and Non Linear Components in RHIC Interaction Regions from difference Orbit Measurements", EPAC 2002, Paris, 2002, p.311-313.

 
 
TUPLT192 Transition Crossing for the BNL Super Neutrino Beam beam-losses, proton, injection, chromatic-effects 1583
 
  • J. Wei, N. Tsoupas
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The super neutrino beam facility proposed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory requires proton beams to cross the transition energy in the AGS to reach 1 MW beam power at top energy. High intensity beams are accelerated at a fast repetition rate. Upon transition crossing, such high intensity bunches of large momentum spreads suffer from strong nonlinear chromatic effects and self-field effects. Using theoretical and experimental methods, we determine the impact of these effects and the effectiveness of transition-jump compensation schemes, and determine the optimum crossing scenario for the super neutrino beam facility.  
 
WEODCH01 1.5-GeV FFAG Accelerator as Injector to the BNL-AGS injection, acceleration, proton, linac 159
 
  • A. Ruggiero, M. Blaskiewicz, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, W. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  A 1.5-GeV Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) Accelerator has been recently proposed as a new injector to the Alternating-Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It is being considered as a replacement of the present 1.5-GeV AGS Booster. The substitution will enhance the performance of the AGS accelerator facility in a variety of ways. It would still allow acceleration of all hadronic particles: protons, and heavy-ions. The major benefit is that it would considerably shorten the typical combined AGS acceleration cycle, and, consequently, may yield to an improvement of beam stability, intensity and size. The AGS-FFAG will also facilitate the proposed upgrade of the AGS facility toward a 1-MW average proton beam power. The paper describes a compact FFAG design for acceleration of protons from 200 MeV to 1.5 GeV. The circumference is about 250 m. The lattice is a periodic sequence of FDF triplets of combined-function magnets. An adjusted field profile has been calculated to compensate the variation of the main lattice functions with momentum. At injection, a beam pulse 130 μs long of negative-ions (H?) is stacked with the charge-exchange method. Acceleration of one pulse with 2.5 x 1013 protons takes about 130 μs, if harmonic-jump scheme is used in conjunction with the choice of 201.25 MHz. Four of such beam pulses are required to fill entirely the AGS. The entire filling process thus takes less than one millisecond.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
WEYLH02 Single Particle Linear and Non-linear Dynamics quadrupole, closed-orbit, betatron, optics 184
 
  • Y. Cai
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  I will give a comprehensive review of existing particle tracking tools to assess long-term particle stability for small and large accelerators in the presence of realistic magnetic imperfections and machine misalignments. The emphasis will be given to the tracking and analysis tools based upon the differential algebra, Lie operator, and "polymorphism". Using these tools, a uniform linear and non-linear analysis will be outlined as an application to the normal form. Finally I will compare simulation results with observations in existing circular accelerators. "Model independent analysis" will be treated as an example for measuring machine optics.  
Video of talk
Transparencies
 
WEPKF001 Diffusion Welding of Heterogeneous Materials in Accelerator Technique vacuum, induction, radiation 1586
 
  • V.S. Avagyan
    CANDLE, Yerevan
  • A. Babayan, N.M. Dobrovolski, I.V. Tunyan
    YerPhI, Yerevan
  The results of the joining of heterogeneous materials, such as titanium with stainless steel (serviceable at 4.2 K), copper with aluminum, titanium with niobium (this work has been carried out for TESLA project), stainless steel with aluminum, copper with stainless steel are presented in this work.  
 
WEPKF040 Magnetic Field Measurement of Quadrupole Magnets for S-LSR quadrupole, ion, superconductivity, octupole 1693
 
  • T. Takeuchi, K. Noda, S. Shibuya
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • H. Fadil, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, T. Shirai, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  S-LSR is a low energy ion storage/cooler ring. It has 12-quadrupole magnets (QM) with a bore radius of 70 mm and a maximum field gradient of 5 T/m. To suppress and control a magnetic flux in a fringing field of a bending magnet (BM), a field clamp with a thickness of 25 mm was installed in between BM and QM. The distance between the field clamp and QM is 80 mm. 3D calculation represented that the QM field is strongly influenced by the field clamp. Therefore, QMs were designed and optimized in considering the influence of the field clamp. Magnetic field measurements were performed by means of a Hall probe and a long search coil. A magnet field measurement by a Hall probe was carried out together with the field clamp and BM for S-LSR. For 12-quadrupole magnets, the measurement by the long search coil which moves in horizontal direction was carried out. The results for each measurements will be discussed.  
 
WEPKF046 Gradient Field Generation in a Uniform Gapped Magnet synchrotron, proton, vacuum, power-supply 1705
 
  • Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • Y. Arimoto, A. Sato
    Osaka University, Osaka
  Magnets with gradient field (indexed magnets) usually have different gap distances with the different entrance positions. This situation will break a uniformity of the effective length. Trim coils, which are usually used in Cyclotron, are not practical to modify a field distribution when a large gradient is required such as FFAG. In order to generate a gradient field in a constant gapped magnet, a novel method with use of inter-pole is devised. This magnet has not only constant gap but also smaller fringing field compared with a conventional one. This technique should widen the recipe to design a magnet with such a complex magnetic field.  
 
WEPKF066 Stability of Fast-cycling Dipole for SIS300 Ring dipole, coupling, superconducting-magnet, simulation 1756
 
  • V. Zubko, I. Bogdanov, S. Kozub, A. Shcherbakov, L. Tkachenko, S. Zintchenko
    IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region
  • M. Kauschke, G. Moritz
    GSI, Darmstadt
  Funding AgencyShould not exceed 200 charactersFootnotesFootnotes: Not exceeding 200 chaThe main requirement to the superconducting dipole with 100-mm aperture, 6-T magnetic field amplitude and 1-T/s field ramp rate for the SIS300 accelerator, developed in the GSI, Darmstadt, is a stability of the magnet influenced by various heat releases arising during operation mode. The computer simulation of the heating of superconducting dipoles and cooling helium during the SIS300 operating cycle was carried out. The analysis of stability is based on the numerical solution of the heat balance equation in the coil and in a single?phase helium flow. Temperature margin of the superconducting dipole during the SIS300 operating cycle was calculated. Possible ways to increase the temperature margin are discussed.  
 
WEPLT001 Nonlinear Beam Dynamics Study with MATLAB simulation, storage-ring, quadrupole, synchrotron 1813
 
  • Y.L. Martirosyan, M. Ivanyan, D.K. Kalantaryan
    CANDLE, Yerevan
  In this paper, we present description of MATLAB based computer code, which allows tracking of single particles by numerical integration of Hamilton's equations. For storage rings the damping time is of the order of few ms (102 '104 turns) and therefore the short-term stability time is determinant. For this reason symplecticity condition of the tracking method for the electron machines is not as important as in hadron machines. Applying recently introduced modern tools for post process analyzing, such as interpolated FFT, early indicators for long term stability, the determination of the onset of chaotic behavior using the maximal Lyapunov exponent, and etc, one can carry out simulations to evaluate the dynamic aperture, amplitude dependent tunes, phase space distortions, nonlinear resonances etc. The proposed code is applied for beam nonlinear dynamics study in CANDLE storage ring.  
 
WEPLT005 Building Truncated Taylor Maps with Mathematica and Applications to FFAG closed-orbit, quadrupole, dipole, focusing 1822
 
  • D. Kaltchev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  Lie algebra tools coded directly in Mathematica have been used to compute the off-momentum closed orbit, orbit length and horizontal tune of Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) lattices proposed for muon acceleration. The sample FFAG cell considered consists of quadrupoles and alternating gradient magnets. A high order Taylor map is needed, valid over a wide momentum range. We describe the algorithm and Mathematica operators needed to create and concatenate individual element maps (presented as Lie exponential operators) and compare our results with those obtained with a high-order differential algebra code – COSY. The speed achieved is inferior to the differential algebra method.  
 
WEPLT026 Dynamic Aperture Reduction from the Dodecapole Component in the LHC Main Quadrupoles and its Mechanism. dynamic-aperture, injection, quadrupole, resonance 1885
 
  • A.M. Lombardi, O.S. Brüning, S.D. Fartoukh, T. Risselada, F. Schmidt, A. Verdier
    CERN, Geneva
  The systematic dodecapole component in the Main Quadrupoles of the LHC lattice has a strong influence on the machine dynamic aperture at injection. In this paper we quantify this effect with the help of tracking studies, explain the mechanism for the loss in dynamic aperture and look into potential correction schemes. Finally, we provide an estimate for the maximum allowed systematic dodecapole component in the MQ.  
 
WEPLT050 Frequency Map Measurements at BESSY sextupole, resonance, storage-ring, quadrupole 1951
 
  • P. Kuske, O. Dressler
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  With two dedicated diagnostic kicker magnets and a turn-by-turn, bunch-by-bunch beam position monitor frequency maps were measured under various operating conditions of the BESSY storage ring. Depending on the number and type of insertion devices in operation additional resonances show up. Details of the experimental setup as well as the data analysis are presented. The results will be compared with theoretical calculations which are based on the linear model of the storage ring lattice extracted from measured response matrices. Non-linear elements are added to the model in order to describe the effect of the strong sextupole magnets, the horizontal corrector magnets installed in these magnets, and of some of the insertion devices.  
 
WEPLT052 A Method to Measure the Skew Quadrupole Strengths in the SIS-18 using Two BPMs quadrupole, resonance, multipole, simulation 1957
 
  • F. Franchi, T. Beier, M. Kirk, M. Moritz, G. Rumolo
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • R. Tomas
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  In the SIS-18 of GSI a new set of skew quadrupoles has been installed to improve the multi-turn-injection. A new method based on the measurement of the resonance driving terms has been proposed to cross-check the nominal values and polarities of their gradients. Once a beam is transversely kicked, it experiences oscillations whose spectrum contains both the betatron tune line and secondary lines. The amplitude of each line is proportional to the strength of the multipoles, such as skew quadrupoles and sextupoles, present in the lattice. In this paper a recursive algorithm to derive the magnet strength from the spectral lines and the application of this method to the eight skew quadrupoles in the SIS-18 are presented.  
 
WEPLT059 Beam Loss Modeling for the SIS100 space-charge, beam-losses, resonance, synchrotron 1978
 
  • G. Franchetti, I. Hofmann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  In long term storage dynamic aperture is typically regarded as the quantity which has to be maintained sufficiently large in order to prevent beam loss. In the SIS100 of the GSI future project, a beam size occupying a large fraction of the beam pipe is foreseen. This circumstance requires a careful description of the lattice magnetic imperfections. The dynamic aperture is estimated in relation with an optimization of the SIS100 working point. For a space-charge-free bunched beam, estimates of beam loss are computed and compared with dynamic aperture. The impact of space charge will be discussed, and preliminary results on its effect on dynamic aperture and beam loss are presented.  
 
WEPLT066 Beam Dynamics Study for PETRA III Including Damping Wigglers wiggler, damping, undulator, dynamic-aperture 1999
 
  • Y.L. Li, K. Balewski, W. Decking
    DESY, Hamburg
  Damping wigglers will be installed in the storage ring PETRA III to control the beam emittance to 1 nmrad. These wigglers will produce linear and nonlinear perturbations on beam dynamics. A new expanded transport matrix method is developed to solve linear dynamics, and used to match linear lattice functions. The symplectic method is adopted to track particle through the whole ring including the damping wigglers. Halbach?s formulae are used to describe the wiggler field. The main parameters of the wigglers are derived from field calculations. In order to avoid dangerous resonances, tune scanning is implemented to find suitable working points. According to presently known field quality, the nonlinear effects of damping wigglers will not degrade the performance of PETRA III and the dynamic aperture is still larger than the physical aperture.  
 
WEPLT091 Frequency Map Analysis with the Insertion Devices at ELETTRA resonance, insertion, insertion-device, simulation 2062
 
  • S. Di Mitri, L. Tosi
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • L.G. Liu
    SSRF, Shanghai
  Frequency map analysis is a very efficient technique for the understanding of the resonances which may affect the stability of the electrons. Measurements correlated to simulations can provide a method to improve beam lifetime and injection efficiency that is particulary important in the case of top up operation. In this paper, the results of frequency map measurements and simulations for the ELETTRA storage ring are presented both for the bare lattice as well as for the case in which insertion devices are operational.  
 
WEPLT116 Lattice Design and Cooling Simulation at S-LSR laser, electron, ion, quadrupole 2122
 
  • T. Shirai, H. Fadil, S. Fujimoto, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • T. Fujimoto, H. Fujiwara, K. Noda, S. Shibuya, T. Takeuchi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • H. Okamoto, Y. Yuri
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  A compact ion cooler ring, S-LSR is under construction in Kyoto University. The circumference is 22.557 m and the maximum magnetic rigidity is 1 Tm. One of the important roles of S-LSR is a test bed to examine the lowest temperature limit of the ion beams using cooling techniques. The ultimate case is a crystalline one. The ring optics of S-LSR has a high super periodicity and a low phase advance to reduce the beam heating from the lattice structure. S-LSR has an electron beam cooling device and a laser cooling system for Mg. The simulation results show the possible limit of the ion beam temperature and the dependence on the operating betatron tunes.  
 
WEPLT136 Lattice Studies For The MAX-IV Storage Rings dynamic-aperture, closed-orbit, octupole, sextupole 2155
 
  • H. Tarawneh, M. Eriksson, L.-J. Lindgren, S. Werin
    MAX-lab, Lund
  • B. Anderberg
    AMACC, Uppsala
  • E.J. Wallén
    ESRF, Grenoble
  The lattice for the future MAX-IV storage rings at MAX-Lab has been studied, The MAX IV facility consists of two similar rings operated at 1.5 GeV and 3 GeV electron energies, The ring consists of 12 supercells each built up by 5 unit cells and matching sections. The high periodicity of the lattice combined with the high gradients in the small gap dipole magnets yield a small emittance of 1 nm.rad, good dynamic aperture and momentum acceptance. In the matching section, a soft end dipole magnet is introduced to reduce the synchrotron radiation power hitting the upstream straight section.  
 
WEPLT144 New Characteristics of a Single-bunch Instability Observed in the APS Storage Ring betatron, single-bunch, synchrotron, storage-ring 2173
 
  • C.-X. Wang
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • K. Harkay
    ANL/APS, Argonne, Illinois
  In the Advanced Photon Source storage ring, a transverse single-bunch instability has long been observed that appears unique to this ring. Many of its features have been previously reported. New results have recently been obtained using beam centroid history measurements and analysis. These preliminary results provide more detailed information regarding the characteristics of this instability and could provide insight into the physics mechanism.  
 
WEPLT147 Lattice Studies for CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed CEnter) at the ALS dynamic-aperture, emittance, quadrupole, storage-ring 2182
 
  • H. Nishimura, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, W. Wan
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed Center) at the Advanced Light Source is a proposal for a new electron storage ring optimized for the generation of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range. One of the main requirement for this special mode of operation is the capability of the ring of operating at very small momentum compaction values. In this regime, the longitudinal dynamics becomes strongly nonlinear and an accurate control of the higher order energy dependent terms of the momentum compaction is necessary. The lattice for CIRCE allows controlling these terms up to the third order. The paper describes the lattice and presents the calculated performances in terms of momentum acceptance, dynamic aperture, lifetime and momentum compaction tune capabilities.  
 
WEPLT148 Dynamical Map for Combined Function Magnets with Solenoid, Dipole and Quadrupole Fields dipole, quadrupole, interaction-region, closed-orbit 2185
 
  • A. Wolski, M. Venturini
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The interaction regions of colliders invariably include strong solenoid fields. Where quadrupoles and dipoles are embedded in the solenoid, the beam dynamics in the combined fields can be complicated to model using the traditional approach of interleaving slices of different fields. The complexity increases if the design trajectory is offset from the magnetic axis; this is the case, for example, in PEP-II. In this paper, we present maps for combined solenoid, dipole and quadrupole fields that provide a much simpler alternative to the traditional approach, and show that the deviation of the design trajectory from the magnetic axis can be handled in a straightforward manner. We illustrate the techniques presented by reference to the PEP-II interaction region.  
 
WEPLT149 Image-charge Effects on the Beam Halo Formation and Beam Loss in a Small-aperture Alternating-gradient Focusing System beam-losses, focusing, quadrupole, heavy-ion 2188
 
  • J. Zhou, C. Chen
    MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  The image-charge effects on an intense charged-particle beam propagating through an alternating-gradient focusing channel with a small aperture, circular, perfectly conducting pipe are studied using a test-particle model. For a well-matched elliptical beam with the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) distribution, it is found that halo formation and beam loss is induced by nonlinear fields due to image charges on the wall. The halo formation and chaotic particle motion dependent sensitively on the system parameters: filling factor of the quadrupole focusing field, vacuum phase advance, beam perveance, and the ratio of the beam size to the aperture. Furthermore, the percentage of beam loss to the conductor wall is calculated as a function of propagating distance and aperture. The theoretical results are compared with PIC code simulation results.  
 
WEPLT154 UAL Implementation of String Space Charge Formalism space-charge, emittance, synchrotron, quadrupole 2200
 
  • R.M. Talman
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • N. Malitsky
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  By reformulating the force between point charges as the force on a point charge due to a co-moving line charge (or "string",) space charge calculations can be reformulated as intrabeam scattering, with no intermediate, particle-in-cell step required.[*] This approach is expected to be especially useful for calculating emittance dilution of ultrashort bunches in magnetic fields, where coherent radiative effects are important. This paper describes the partial implementation of this approach within UAL (Unified Accelerator Libraries.) The interparticle force is calculated and applied to the dynamics of a bunch represented by just two superparticles in an idealized lattice, with emphasis on the head-tail effect. Gridding of the interparticle force, as needed for realistic multiparticle simulation, is also described.

* R. Talman, "String Formulation of Space Charge Forces in a Deflected Bunch". Submitted to PRSTAB, January, 2004

 
 
WEPLT168 ORBIT Benchmark of Space-charge-induced Emittance Growth in the CERN PS emittance, simulation, resonance, space-charge 2221
 
  • S.M. Cousineau, J.A. Holmes
    ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • E. Métral
    CERN, Geneva
  Particle tracking codes provide an invaluable tool in the design and operation of high intensity machines. An important task in the development of these codes is the validation of the space charge models through benchmark with experimental data. Presented here are benchmarks of the ORBIT particle tracking code with recent measurements of space-charge-induced transverse emittance growth in the CERN PS machine. Benchmarks of two experimental data sets are performed: Integer resonance crossing, and Montague resonance crossing.  
 
WEPLT174 Higher Order Hard Edge End Field Effects multipole, chromatic-effects, focusing, dynamic-aperture 2236
 
  • J.S. Berg
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  In most cases, nonlinearities from magnets must be properly included in tracking and analysis to properly compute quantities of interest, in particular chromatic properties and dynamic aperture. One source of nonlinearities in magnets that is often important and cannot be avoided is the nonlinearity arising at the end of a magnet due to the longitudinal variation of the field at the end of the magnet. Part of this effect is independent of the shape of the end. It is lowest order in the body field of the magnet, and is the result of taking a limit as the length over which the field at the end varies approaches zero. This is referred to as a hard edge" end field. This effect has been computed previously to lowest order in the transverse variables. This paper describes a method to compute this effect to arbitrary order in the transverse variables, under certain constraints. The results of using this hard edge model are compared with performing the computation with finite-length end fields, as well as to the lowest-order hard-edge end field model.  
 
WEPLT181 Measurement of Multipole Strengths from RHIC BPM Data dipole, multipole, resonance, betatron 2242
 
  • R. Tomas, M. Bai, W. Fischer
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • F. Franchi, G. Rumolo
    GSI, Darmstadt
  Recently resonance driving terms were successfully measured in the CERN SPS and the BNL RHIC from the Fourier spectrum of BPM data. Based on these measurements a new analysis has been derived to extract multipole strengths.In this paper we present experimental measurements of sextupolar and skew quadrupolar strengths carried out at RHIC. Also discussed is the possibility of a non-destructive measurement using an AC dipole.  
 
WEPLT182 Non-linear Modeling of the RHIC Interaction Regions multipole, quadrupole, dipole, interaction-region 2245
 
  • R. Tomas, W. Fischer, A.K. Jain, Y. Luo, F.C. Pilat
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  For RHIC's collision lattices the dominant sources of transverse non-linearities are located in the interaction regions. The field quality is available for most of the magnets in the interaction regions from the magnetic measurements, or from extrapolations of these measurements. We discuss the implementation of these measurements on the MADX models of the Blue and the Yellow rings and their impact on beam stability.  
 
THPKF005 The Australian Synchrotron Project Storage Ring and Injection System Overview storage-ring, synchrotron, injection, dipole 2263
 
  • G. LeBlanc, M.J. Boland, Y.E. Tan
    ASP, Melbourne
  This paper describes the Australian Synchrotron storage ring. The storage ring is a 3 GeV machine with 14 cells and a circumference of 216 m. The unit cell is based on a Double Bend Achromat (DBA) structure. The design of the magnet lattice and the results of simulations pertaining to the storage ring performance are presented.  
 
THPKF011 Vibration Measurements at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) quadrupole, site, resonance, ground-motion 2278
 
  • S. Redaelli, R.W. Assmann, W. Coosemans
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Böge, M. Dehler, L. Rivkin
    PSI, Villigen
  Vibration measurements have been carried out at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) site as part of a collaboration between the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The vibration level of the SLS floor and of some lattice elements of the SLS ring have been monitored under various experimental conditions. In particular, vibration spectra of lattice quadrupoles have been measured with a circulating beam and compared with the spectra of transverse beam positions, as measured with beam position monitors. This paper summarizes the results.  
 
THPKF024 A STATE-OF-THE-ART 3 GEV BOOSTER FOR ASP booster, septum, sextupole, injection 2317
 
  • G. Georgsson, N. Hauge
    Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
  • S.P. Møller
    ISA, Aarhus
  DANFYSIK A/S will build the full-energy booster for the Australian Synchrotron Project. The Booster will accelerate the beam from the injection energy of 100 MeV to a maximum of 3.0 GeV. The Booster shall accelerate either a single bunch or a bunch train up to 150 ns. The current accelerated to 3 GeV will be in excess of 0.5 and 5 mA for the two modes, respectively. The circumference of the Booster is 130.2 m, and the lattice will have four-fold super-symmetry with four straight sections for RF, injection, special diagnostics and extraction. The lattice is designed to have many cells with combined-function magnets (dipole, quadrupole and sextupole fields) in order to reach a very small emittance of around 30 nmrad. A small emittance is beneficial, in particular for top-up operation. Details of the lattice design and beam dynamics of the booster will be presented.  
 
THPKF025 Commissioning Report of the CLS Booster Synchrotron booster, synchrotron, injection, beam-losses 2320
 
  • G. Georgsson
    Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
  • L. Dallin
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
  • S.P. Møller
    ISA, Aarhus
  • L. Præstegaard
    Århus Sygehus, Århus
  A full energy booster is produced and taken into operation for the Canadian Light Source. The Booster accelerates the beam from the injection energy of 200 MeV to a maximum of 2.9GeV. The results of the commissioning and the characterized beam parameters are reported  
 
THPKF026 An Update on the SESAME Light Source quadrupole, dipole, sextupole, dynamic-aperture 2323
 
  • D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • M. Attal, G. Vignola
    SESAME, Amman
  During the past three years, the SESAME machine design has been optimised gradually taking into consideration the users demand in the Middle East region. The earlier design concept was to upgrade BESSY I to an energy of 1GeV, now SESAME is a 2.5GeV 3rd generation light source. A recent design review has recommended changing the machine lattice and layout to give greater flexibility for future upgrading and modification, the longest possible beam lines and the longest possible insertion devices, all of that with the limitation of the space available for the machine within the building. By shifting the machine by 6m from the centre of the building (in one direction) it was possible to increase the circumference of the storage ring by 3.6m into 128.4m and beam lines with lengths of 37.7m achieved, while the longest beam line in the old design was only 33.1m, this also increased the total length of the beam lines from 378.2m in the old design into 391.0m. An outline of these optimisations with their influence on the machine output is presented here. Furthermore the beam dynamics, the design of the main components of the storage ring and the first set of beam lines will be discussed.  
 
THPKF027 A Concept for the Spanish Light Source CELLS undulator, booster, insertion, insertion-device 2326
 
  • D. Einfeld, J. Bordas, J. Campmany, S. Ferrer, M. Muñoz, M. Pont, F. Pérez
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  In May of 2003 the Spanish and Catalan Governments established a public Consortium for the construction, equipment and exploitation of a third generation Synchrotron Light Source. The foundation was based upon a proposal from 1997 to build a 2.5 GeV, 12-fold symmetry machine with a circumference of around 260 m. At present a re-design is being considered, based upon the following decisions: 1.) Electron energy of 3 GeV, 2.) Circumference around 280 m, 3.) Emittance smaller than 5 nm.rad, 4.) 16-fold symmetry lattice 5.) Full energy injector, 6.) Topping-up injection mode foreseen and 7.) Booster synchrotron and Storage ring housed in the same tunnel. Lattice considerations are given in an accompanying paper. In the present one we will give a project overview and explain key design decisions and overall schedule. Five beamlines will be design and construct in a first phase to cover the needs of the Spanish community. The definition of these beamlines will take place during 2004 involving the users community. Planned beam commissioning will be in 2009.  
 
THPKF033 Prospects for Long-term Lattice Upgrade at the ESRF emittance, dipole, quadrupole, optics 2344
 
  • A. Ropert, P. Elleaume, L. Farvacque, Y. Papaphilippou, T. Perron
    ESRF, Grenoble
  Twelve years after commissioning, the ESRF delivers routinely X-rays of brilliance, a factor hundred higher than the design target, to 45 beamlines. Further long-term improvements to the storage ring performance concern the reduction of the horizontal emittance leading to an increase of the brilliance and/or the increase of the number of beamlines from insertion device source points. In this paper, we review the different scenarios that can be envisaged with keeping untouched the existing tunnel and beamlines. Among them, the concept of the Double DBA structure that combines the reduction of emittance (a factor of 8) and the increase of the number of straight sections (64 instead of 32) looks the most attractive. Some of the challenging issues of such a scheme (squeezed space between magnets, innovative combined function magnets of unprecedented small aperture, small dynamic aperture) will be discussed.  
 
THPKF056 The MAX IV Facility linac, emittance, undulator, radiation 2392
 
  • M. Eriksson, Å. Andersson, M. Bergqvist, M. Brandin, M. Demirkan, G. Georgsson, G. LeBlanc, L.-J. Lindgren, L. Malmgren, H. Tarawneh, E.J. Wallén, S. Werin
    MAX-lab, Lund
  • B. Anderberg
    AMACC, Uppsala
  • S. Biedron, S.V. Milton
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  The MAX IV facility is a planned successor of the existing MAX facility. The planned facilty is described below. It consists of two new synchrotron storage rings operated at different electron energies to cover a broad spectral region and one linac injector. The linac injector is also meant to be operated as a FEL electron source. The two rings have similar low emittance lattices and are placed on top of each other to save space. A third UV light source, MAX III, is planned to be transfered to the new facility.  
 
THPKF068 An Advanced Light Source Proposed for the South Eastern USA dipole, emittance, quadrupole, brightness 2421
 
  • V.P. Suller, M.G. Fedurin, J. Hormes
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  • D. Einfeld
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • G. Vignola
    SESAME, Amman
  At this time CAMD, a 1.3 GeV second generation storage ring, is the only synchrotron radiation facility in the Southeastern USA. To cater for the increasing demand for synchrotron light in this region a study is being made for a new high performance source. In keeping with its role as a regional source, it must be economical to construct and operate yet provide high brightness beams from its Insertion Devices. These will need to span both the soft X-ray region (1-2 keV) and the X-ray region up to at least 13 keV. A high brightness 3rd generation source is described which exhibits a beam emittance less than 10 nm rads at an energy of 2.5 GeV. By using a lattice cell derived from the Theoretical Minimum Emittance type, this performance is achieved in a circumference of only approximately 160 m. The economical, yet flexible, lattice uses vertically focusing gradient in the dipoles. The lattice functions and other parameters are presented of both a 12 cell double bend design and a 10 cell triple bend. The 12 cell gives a horizontal emittance of 8.5 nm rads and the 10 cell 4.6 nm rads. The dynamical stability of both lattices is described together with the beam performance from the anticipated insertion devices. The current status of the proposal is explained.  
 
THPKF069 Improvements to, and Current Status of, the CAMD Light Source wiggler, power-supply, injection, diagnostics 2424
 
  • V.P. Suller, M.G. Fedurin, P. Jines, D.J. Launey, T.A. Miller, Y. Wang
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  Throughout 2003 a sustained program of modifications and improvements has been applied to the CAMD light source. These affected the 7 Tesla wiggler, the RF system, the magnet power supplies, the control system, the diagnostics and the injector linac. These modifications and their impact on the storage ring performance are described, together with an analysis of where future improvements should be directed. The present performance and limitations of CAMD are described.  
 
THPKF070 A Beam Based Alignment System at the CAMD Light Source quadrupole, alignment, power-supply, storage-ring 2427
 
  • V.P. Suller, E.J. Anzalone, A.J. Crappell, M.G. Fedurin, T.A. Miller
    LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  Beam based alignment is being applied to the CAMD light source. It is implemented by a flexible and versatile system of electronic shunts which are applied to each of the storage ring lattice quadrupoles. The essential design features of the electronic shunts are described as is the routine operation of the full system. The improvement to the corrected closed orbit from using the system is shown. Preliminary results are presented of the use of the shunts for correcting the lattice functions.  
 
THPKF078 Coherent Infrared Radiation from the ALS Generated via Femtosecond Laser Modulation of the Electron Beam electron, laser, wiggler, radiation 2448
 
  • A. Zholents, J.M. Byrd, Z. Hao, M.C. Martin, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, R.W. Schoenlein, M. Venturini, M.S. Zolotorev
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  Interaction of an electron beam with a femtosecond laser pulse co-propagating through a wiggler at the ALS produces significant modulation of the electron energies within a short ~100 fs slice of the electron bunch. Subsequent propagation of the energy-modulated bunch around the storage ring results in an appearance of a local temporal modulation of the electron density (micro-bunching) due to the dispersion of electron trajectories. The temporal width of this perturbation evolves as the electron bunch propagates around the ring. The shortest modulation, ~50 microns, appears in the ALS sector immediately following the wiggler magnet, and stretches to ~ 500 microns following propagation over 2/3 of a storage ring orbit. The modulated electron bunch emits single-cycle pulses of temporally and spatially coherent infrared light which are automatically synchronized to the laser pulses. The intensity and spectra of the infrared light were measured in two locations in the ring indicated above and were found to be in good agreement with analytical calculations. Ultra-short pulses of coherent infrared radiation are presently used for a fine tuning the laser ? electron beam interaction for generating femtosecond x-ray pulses.  
 
THPLT162 Diagnosis of Coupling and Beta Function Errors in the PEP-II B-Factory coupling, betatron, storage-ring, resonance 2840
 
  • M.H. Donald, T.M. Himel, S. Zelazny
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The SLAC Control program has an automatic phase measuring system whereby the beta functions of the two storage rings are measured. This facility has recently been extended to measure coupling between the horizontal and vertical motion and to fit the measured values to their modes of propagation. This facility aids the diagnosis and correction of coupling and focusing errors.  
 
THPLT170 Finding the Circular Magnet Aperture which Encloses an Arbitrary Number of Midplane-centered Beam Ellipses closed-orbit, coupling, superconducting-magnet 2858
 
  • J.S. Berg
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  In specifying the magnets for an accelerator, one must be able to determine the aperture required by the beam. In some machines, in particular FFAGs, there is a significant variation in the closed orbit and beta functions over the energy range of the machine. In addition, the closed orbit and beta functions may vary with the longitudinal position in the magnet. It is necessary to determine a magnet aperture which encloses the beam ellipses at all energies and all positions in the magnet. This paper describes a method of determining the smallest circular aperture enclosing an arbitrary number of midplane-centered ellipses.