EPAC 2004 - List of Keywords

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W

ion-source

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUXCH01	Review of ISOL-type Radioactive Beam Facilities	ion, target, linac, heavy-ion	45
	M. Lindroos CERN, Geneva
	The ISOL technique was invented in Copenhagen over 50 years ago and eventually migrated to CERN where a suitable proton drive beam was available at the Syncho-Cyclotron. The quick spread of the technique from CERN to many other laboratories has resulted in a large user community, which has assured the continued development of the method, physics in the front-line of fundamental research and the application of the method to many applied sciences. The technique is today established as one of the main techniques for on-line isotope production of high intensity and high quality beams. The thick targets used allows the production of unmatched high intensity radioactive beams. The fact that the ions are produced at rest makes it ideally suitable for low energy experiments and for post acceleration using well established accelerator techniques. The many different versions of the technique will be discussed and the many facilities spread all over the world will be reviewed. The major developments at the existing facilities and the challenges encountered will be presented. Finally, the possibility of using the resulting high intensity beams for the production of intense neutrino beams will be briefly discussed.
	Video of talk
	Transparencies

TUPLT023	A New Ion Beam Beam Facility for Slow Highly Charged Ions	ion, target, extraction, electron	1189
	G. Zschornack, S. Landgraf TU Dresden, Dresden S. Facsko, D. Kost, W. Möller, H. Tyrroff FZR, Dresden F. Grossmann, U. Kentsch, V.P. Ovsyannikov, M. Schmidt, F. Ullmann Leybold Vacuum Dresden, Dresden
	A new ion beam facility for slow highly charged ions is presented. It will provide slow highly charged ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source as well as very highly charged ions at lower ion currents from an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). As ECR ion source a SUPERNANOGAN source* is applied. The Dresden EBIT*, a room-temperature EBIT, is used to produce comparatively low currents of very highly charged ions. This very compact and long-term stable device is producing highly charged ions at ultimate low costs. The Dresden EBIT working with electron energies up to 15 keV at electron currents up to 50 mA is able to produce bare nuclei up to nickel as Fe²⁶⁺ or Ni²⁸⁺, helium-like ions for medium Z such as Ge³⁰⁺ or Kr³⁴⁺ and neon-like ions for elements of the high-Z region such as Xe⁴⁴⁺ or Ir⁶⁷⁺. The ion currents extracted from the Dresden EBIT are typically in the range of some nA per pulse. With the new ion beam facility outstanding possibilities for a wide range of investigations are opened up in areas such as surface analysis, materials science and nanotechnology as well as for basic research in different fields as for instance in atomic and solid state physics. The Pantechnik Catalogue, August 2001 Edition, Caen 2001, France **V.P.Ovsyannikov, G.Zschornack; Review of Scientific Instruments, 70 (1999) 2646

TUPLT024	A Comparison of High Current Ion Beam Matching from an Ion Source to a RFQ by Electrostatic and by Magnetic Lenses	ion, rfq, emittance, power-supply	1192
	R. Becker, R.A. Jameson, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main T. Hata, N. Hayashizaki, H. Kashiwagi, K. Yamamoto RLNR, Tokyo T. Hattori, M. Okamura, A. Sakumi RIKEN, Saitama
	In order to improve the ?direct? injection scheme of the Riken Nd-YAK-laser driven ion source into a RFQ rf-accelerator, several basic methods have been investigated and compared, in order to transform the initially divergent ion beam into a convergent one, needed for matching the high current (100 mA C⁶⁺) ion beam at an energy of 100 keV to a RFQ. From the point of power supplies and break down characteristics, the simplest solution is a decelerating electrostatic lens, with the decelerating electrode operated on ion source potential. Due to the strong divergence of the ions beam after acceleration, this lens will be filled to an aperture, which causes strong aberrations. Therefore, we also investigated to use an accelerating potential on the lens electrode. This reduces significantly the filling of the lens and the emittance growth is only a factor of 3, as compared to the decelerating lens with a factor of 30! Finally we have been looking also into a magnetic matching system, which can match the ion beam to the RFQ with virtually no emittance growth.

TUPLT025	Matching of a C⁶⁺ Ion Beam from a Laser Ion Source to a RFQ	ion, rfq, laser, injection	1195
	R. Becker, R.A. Jameson, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main T. Hattori RIKEN, Saitama N. Hayashizaki, H. Kashiwagi RLNR, Tokyo M. Okamura RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama K. Yamamoto RIKEN/RARF/BPEL, Saitama
	A laser ion source, driven by a Nd-YAG laser can provide more than 100 mA of C⁶⁺ ions for a duration of about 1 μs, which is well matching the task of single-turn injection into synchrotrons for hadron tumor therapy with light ions. The ?direct? injection scheme has been improved by providing a design, which reduces the surface field strength to less than 30 kV/cm on all critical parts on relative negative potential. The new design keeps the advantage of divergent ion emission and acceleration, which seems to be the only way to keep the surface fields in limits, but includes a decelerating electrostatic lens on birth potential of the ions to refocus the emerging ion beam to the RFQ entrance. The whole design is very compact and allows for electrostatic steering between the ion source and the RFQ.

TUPLT032	The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment	rfq, ion, linac, emittance	1213
	H. Zimmermann, U. Bartz, N. Mueller, A. Schempp, J. Thibus IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
	The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a scaled model of the first funneling stage of a HIF driver to gather experiences in the funneling technique. It is a procedure to multiply beam currents at low energies in several stages. In each stage two beam lines are combined to a common beam line. The funneling technique is required for new proposed high current accelerator facilities like HIDIF. The main goal is to prevent emittance growth during the funneling process. Our experiment consists of two ion sources, a Two-Beam RFQ accelerator, two different funneling deflectors and a beam diagnostic equipment system. We have demonstrated the principle of funneling with both deflector types. But the measurements have shown a bad matching of the RFQ to the funneling deflector. Now with our new RFQ electrode design we achieve a special three dimensional matching to the deflector. The new results of our measurements and simulations will be presented.

TUPLT060	Production of Radioactive Ion Beams for the EXCYT Facility	target, ion, cyclotron, cathode	1291
	M. Menna, G. Cuttone, M. Re INFN/LNS, Catania
	The EXCYT facility (EXotics with CYclotron and Tandem) at the INFN-LNS is based on a K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron injecting stable heavy-ion beams (up to 80 MeV/amu, 1 emA) into a target-ion source assembly to produce the required nuclear species, and on a 15 MV Tandem for post-accelerating the radioactive beams. After thermal ANSYS simulations, during May 2003 the Target-Ion Source assembly (TIS) was successfully tested at GANIL under the same operational conditions that will be initially used at EXCYT. Yields and production efficiencies for 8,9Li were compatible with the ones obtained at SPIRAL. Following suggestions by the Referees and the LNS Research Division, we decided to deliver 8Li as the first EXCYT radioactive beam (primary beam 13C). This choice also takes in account the availability of MAGNEX in 2004 as well as the requests and the first results obtained by the Big Bang collaboration. The commissioning of the EXCYT facility is foreseen by the end of 2004 together with the start of nuclear experiments program. In this poster we also report prospective ion beams currently in development.

TUPLT065	Beams from RF Ovens and ECR Ion Sources	plasma, ion, injection, electron	1303
	M. Cavenago INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova T. Kulevoy, S. Petrenko ITEP, Moscow
	Beam of silver, copper and recently platinum were produced with the radiofrequency oven technique. The ECRIS (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source) can be conveniently considered as a charge breeder for any injection device; this approach allows to compare the injection of metals from ovens with other techniques discussed in the literature, like the injection from mevva (Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc) sources or the injection of single charged RIB (radioactive ion beams) or the simple injection of heavy gas. Extensive experiments extracting beams of copper (charge up 13+) or silver (charge up to 19+) or xenon (charge up 20+) with the same ECRIS condition are described, and advantage of rf oven over gas injection are discussed; in particular the oven crucible can be easily voltage biased up to -400 V, to modify ECRIS plasma shape. Heating the tantalum crucibles over 2300 K (average temperature) requires careful axial alignment to avoid the formation of hot spots; preliminary evidence of this effect and its numerical modeling are also described.

TUPLT106	New Developments of a Laser Ion Source for Ion Synchrotrons	laser, ion, extraction, target	1402
	S. Kondrashev, A. Balabaev, K. Konukov, B.Y. Sharkov, A. Shumshurov ITEP, Moscow O. Camut, J. Chamings, H. Kugler, R. Scrivens CERN, Geneva A. Charushin, K. Makarov, Y. Satov, Y. Smakovskii SRC RF TRINITI, Moscow region
	Laser Ion Sources (LIS) are well suited to filling synchrotron rings with highly charged ions of almost any element in a single turn injection mode. We report the first measurements of the LIS output parameters for Pb²⁷⁺ ions generated by the new 100 J/1 Hz Master Oscillator - Power Amplifier CO2-laser system. A new LIS has been designed, built and tested at CERN, as an ion source for ITEP-TWAC accelerator/accumulator facility, and as a possible future source for an upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) injector chain. The use of the LIS based on 100 J/1 Hz CO2-laser together with the new ion LINAC, as injector for ITEP-TWAC project is discussed.

TUPLT121	Compact Tandem Accelerator Based Neutron Source for the Medicine	vacuum, ion, tandem-accelerator, target	1422
	V.V. Shirokov, A.A. Babkin, P.V. Bykov, G.S. Kraynov, G. Silvestrov, Y. Tokarev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk M.V. Bokhovko, O.E. Kononov, V.N. Kononov IPPE, Kaluga Region
	Status of original heavy hydrogen ion electrostatic accelerator-tandem is described. Potential electrodes with vacuum insulation organize tract for accelerating ion beam before and after gas stripper, located inside the high voltage electrode. There are no accelerating tubes in the tandem proposed. 20 kHz, 10 kW, 500 kV compact sectioned rectifier is a high voltage source. Both the geometry of neutron source and results of the rectifier testing are presented. Estimation of yield and space-energy distribution of neutron, as a result of nuclear reactions produced by heavy hydrogen ion in beryllium or carbon targets are given. Result of Monte-Carlo simulation of neutron and photon transferring for these sources of neutron is the distribution of the absorbed dose incide phantom. Result of the simulation are compared with result of the experiment. The possibility of use of this neutron source for the neutron or neutron capture therapy is discussed too.

TUPLT124	DESIREE - A Double Electrostatic Storage Ring	ion, vacuum, quadrupole, storage-ring	1425
	K.-G. Rensfelt, G. Andler, L. Bagge, M. Blom, H. Danared, A. Källberg, S. Leontein, L. Liljeby, P. Löfgren, A. Paal, A. Simonsson, Ö. Skeppstedt MSL, Stockholm H. Cederquist, M. Larsson, H. Schmidt, K. Schmidt Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm
	The advantages of storage rings with only electrostatic elements were first demonstrated by ELISA in Aarhus and later in other places. At MSL and Fysikum at Stockholm University the ideas have been developed further in the Double Electrostatic Storage Ion Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE. Beams of negative and positive ions will be merged in a common straight section of the rings so that low energy collisions can be studied. Furthermore the rings will be cooled to 10 - 20 K in order to relax internal excitations in circulating molecules. A design report can be found at www.msl.se. The project is now (January 2004) almost fully financed and the final design work has recently been started. The paper will shortly review the physics programme and describe the status of the design work.

TUPLT139	Extending the Duty Cycle of the ISIS H Minus Ion Source, Thermal Considerations	cathode, ion, plasma, simulation	1452
	D.C. Faircloth, J.W.G. Thomason CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The ISIS H minus ion source is currently being developed on the Ion Source Development Rig (ISDR) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in order to meet the requirements for the next generation of high power proton drivers. One key development goal is to increase the pulse width and duty cycle, but this has a significant effect on ion source temperatures if no other changes are made. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model has been produced to understand the steady state and dynamic thermal behavior of the source, and to investigate the design changes necessary to offset the extra heating.

TUPLT141	The Effect of Extraction Geometry on the Measured ISIS H Minus Ion Source Beam	emittance, ion, extraction, rfq	1458
	J.W.G. Thomason, D.C. Faircloth, R. Sidlow, C.M. Thomas, M. Whitehead CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	Recent Finite Element Analysis (FEA) electromagnetic modelling of the extraction region of the ISIS H minus source has suggested that the present set up of extraction electrode and 90 degree sector magnet is sub-optimal, with the result that the beam profile is asymmetric, the beam is strongly divergent in the horizontal plane and there is severe aberration in the focusing in the vertical plane. The FEA model of the beam optics has demonstrated that relatively simple changes to the system should produce a dramatic improvement in performance. These changes have been incorporated on the Ion Source Development Rig (ISDR) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), and their effects on the H minus beam are presented here.

TUPLT175	Operation of the SNS Ion Source at High Duty-Factor	ion, plasma, diagnostics, emittance	1538
	R.F. Welton, T.A. Justice, S.N. Murray, M.P. Stockli ORNL/SNS, Oak Ridge, Tennessee R. Keller LBNL/AFR, Berkeley, California
	The ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) is a radio frequency, multi-cusp, source designed to deliver ~ 45 mA of H^- with a normalized rms emittance of less than 0.2 pi mm mrad to the SNS accelerator. Once the SNS is fully operational a beam current duty factor of 6% (1 ms pulse length, repetition rate of 60 Hz) will be required from the ion source. To date, the source has been utilized in the early commissioning of the SNS accelerator and has already demonstrated stable, satisfactory operation at beam currents of ~30 mA with duty factors of ~0.1% for operational periods of several weeks. This work summarizes the results of a series of lifetime tests performed at a dedicated ion source test facility where the source was pushed closer to the operational goal of 6% duty factor.

THPKF052	The Project of Accelerator Mass-Spectrometer at BINP	ion, target, tandem-accelerator, focusing	2389
	M. Petrichenkov, N. Alinovsky, V. Klyuev, E. Konstantinov, S.G. Konstantinov, A. Kozhemyakin, A. Kryuchkov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, A. Popov, S. Rastigeev, V.B. Reva, B. Sukhina BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The project of creation of first Russian accelerator mass-spectrometer at BINP is described. The scheme of spectrometer includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), low energy beam line with analysers, electrostatic tandem accelerator with accelerating voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapours stripper and also includes the high energy beam line with analysers. The results of first experiments with ion sources are given also.

THPLT041	Beam Test Stand of the RFQ-drifttube-combination for the Therapy Center in Heidelberg	rfq, emittance, ion, simulation	2571
	A. Bechtold, M. Otto, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, E. Vassilakis IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main B. Schlitt GSI, Darmstadt
	A beam test stand for the Heidelberg medicine RFQ has been installed at the IAP in Frankfurt. The installation consists of a 8 keV/u H⁺ duoplasmatron ion source, the 400 keV/u RFQ itself and several diagnostic elements comprising a slit-grid emittance measurement system for scanning the transverse beam profile and a bending magnet for measuring the longitudinal beam properties. The test installation will be described in detail, first measurements will be presented and compared to corresponding beam dynamic simulations.

THPLT078	Construction of FFAG Accelerators in KURRI for ADS Study	proton, acceleration, booster, ion	2676
	M. Tanigaki, K. Mishima, S. Shiroya KURRI, Osaka S. Fukumoto, Y. Ishi Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe M. Inoue SLLS, Shiga S. Machida, Y. Mori KEK, Ibaraki
	KART (Kumatori Accelerator driven Reactor Test) project has started at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) from the fiscal year of 2002. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the basic feasibility of ADS, studying the effect of incident neutron energy on the effective multiplication factor of the subcritical nuclear fuel system. We are now constructing a proton FFAG accelerator complex as a neutron production driver for this project. Our accelerator complex consists of a 2.5 MeV FFAG betatron as an injector and 20 MeV and 150 MeV FFAG synchrotrons as a booster and a main ring, respectively. Our FFAG betatron is a spiral sector type. Both booster and main rings are radial sector type FFAG synchrotrons, but different in the production of required magnetic field with a certain magnetic field index. The distribution of magnetic field is determined by the shaped pole-face in the main ring while the magnetic field is realized by use of trim coils in the booster ring. This FFAG complex will be combined with our Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) in KURRI by the end of March 2006 and the experiments will begin as soon as the whole system is ready.

THPLT093	Particle-in-cell Numerical Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Beams and ECR Sources	ion, electron, simulation, plasma	2712
	G. Shirkov, V. Alexandrov, V. Shevtsov JINR/PPL, Dubna, Moscow Region
	A summary of recent development of physical and mathematical basements and the first version of computer code library based on the particle-in-cell method are presented. The code library is aimed for the three-dimensional (3D) simulation of the ECR plasma and ion production in the ECR ion source. The particle-in-cell (finite particle) method is one of the most powerful methods for the numerical simulation of multicomponent ECR plasma and electron-ion beams. This method allows studying the detailed characteristics of plasma, taking into account the distribution functions of particles (spatial, velocity and energy distributions), real self and external fields, particle-particle interactions and many other effects. This technique promises to provide very precise numerical simulations and optimizations of ECR ion sources. The first results of simulations of ECR source plasma are presented. It has been shown that a complete and adequate description of ECR plasma requires the full-scale 3D model and computer codes. This is out of frames of existed project and could be an aim of some addition investigations.