NAPAC2016 - List of Keywords (radiation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOB3IO02	LHC Operation at 6.5 TeV: Status and Beam Physics Issues	ion, luminosity, operation, MMI	37
	G. Papotti, M. Albert, R. Alemany-Fernandez, E. Bravin, G.E. Crockford, K. Fuchsberger, R. Giachino, M. Giovannozzi, G.H. Hemelsoet, W. Höfle, G. Iadarola, D. Jacquet, M. Lamont, D. Nisbet, L. Normann, T. Persson, M. Pojer, L. Ponce, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, R. Suykerbuyk, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	LHC operation restarted in 2015 after the first Long Shutdown, planning for a 4-year long run until the end of 2018 (called Run 2). The beam energy was fixed at 6.5 TeV. The year 2015 was dedicated to establishing operation at the high energy and with 25 ns beams, in order to prepare production for the following three years. The year 2016 was the first one dedicated to production, and it turned out to be a record-breaking year, in which the goals in both peak and integrated luminosities with proton-proton beams were achieved and surpassed. This paper revisits 2015 and 2016, shortly highlighting the main facts in the timelines, recalling the parameters that characterized luminosity production, and sketching the main limitations and the main highlights of results for selected topics, including a particular focus on the beam physics issues.
	Slides MOB3IO02 [15.183 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOB3IO02
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MOPOB13	Post Irradiation Examination Results of the NT-02 Graphite Fins Numi Target	ion, target, proton, operation	99
	K. Ammigan, P. Hurh, V.I. Sidorov, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D. Asner, A.M. Casella, D.J. Edwards, A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, D.J. Senor PNNL, Richland, Washington, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The NT-02 neutrino target in the NuMI beamline at Fermilab is a 95 cm long target made up of segmented graphite fins. It is the longest running NuMI target, which operated with a 120 GeV proton beam with maximum power of 340 kW, and saw an integrated total proton on target of 6.1 x 1020. Over the last half of its life, gradual degradation of neutrino yield was observed until the target was replaced. The probable causes for the target performance degradation are attributed to radiation damage, possibly including cracking caused by reduction in thermal shock resistance, as well as potential localized oxidation in the heated region of the target. Understanding the long-term structural response of target materials exposed to proton irradiation is critical as future proton accelerator sources are becoming increasingly more powerful. As a result, an autopsy of the target was carried out to facilitate post-irradiation examination of selected graphite fins. Advanced microstructural imaging and surface elemental analysis techniques were used to characterize the condition of the fins in an effort to identify degradation mechanisms, and the relevant findings are presented in this paper.
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MOPOB14	Experimental Results of Beryllium Exposed to Intense High Energy Proton Beam Pulses	ion, experiment, proton, target	102
	K. Ammigan, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA A.R. Atherton STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom M.E.J. Butcher, M. Calviani, M. Guinchard, R. Losito CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge, J. O'Dell STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom V.I. Kuksenko, S.G. Roberts University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom S.G. Roberts CCFE, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Beryllium is extensively used in various accelerator beam lines and target facilities as material for beam windows, and to a lesser extent, as secondary particle production targets. With increasing beam intensities of future accelerator facilities, it is critical to understand the response of beryllium under extreme conditions to reliably operate these components as well as avoid compromising particle production efficiency by limiting beam parameters. As a result, an exploratory experiment at CERN's HiRadMat facility was carried out to take advantage of the test facility's tunable high intensity proton beam to probe and investigate the damage mechanisms of several beryllium grades. The test matrix consisted of multiple arrays of thin discs of varying thicknesses as well as cylinders, each exposed to increasing beam intensities. This paper outlines the experimental measurements, as well as findings from Post-Irradiation-Examination (PIE) work where different imaging techniques were used to analyze and compare surface evolution and microstructural response of the test matrix specimens.
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MOPOB23	The Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments (RaDIATE) Collaboration R&D Program - Status and Future Activities	ion, target, proton, experiment	117
	P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The RaDIATE collaboration (Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments), founded in 2012, has grown to over 50 participants and 11 institutions globally. The primary objective is to harness existing expertise in nuclear materials and accelerator targets to generate new and useful materials data for application within the accelerator and fission/fusion communities. Current activities include post-irradiation examination of materials taken from existing beamlines (such as the NuMI primary beam window from Fermilab) as well as new irradiations of candidate target materials at low energy and high energy beam facilities. In addition, the program includes thermal shock experiments utilizing high intensity proton beam pulses available at the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Status of current RaDIATE activities as well as future plans will be discussed, including special focus on the upcoming RaDIATE irradiation at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer facility (BLIP) in which multiple materials of interest (e.g. beryllium, graphite, silicon, titanium, iridium) will simultaneously be exposed to 120 - 181 MeV proton beam to relevant radiation damage levels.
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MOPOB35	Design of the LBNF Beamline Target Station	ion, target, shielding, focusing	146
	S. Tariq, K. Ammigan, K. Anderson, S.A. Buccellato, C.F. Crowley, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, P.H. Kasper, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Lee, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore, V. Papadimitriou, D. Pushka, I.L. Rakhno, S.D. Reitzner, V.I. Sidorov, A.M. Stefanik, I.S. Tropin, K. Vaziri, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C.J. Densham STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) project will build a beamline located at Fermilab to create and aim an intense neutrino beam of appropriate energy range toward the DUNE detectors at the SURF facility in Lead, South Dakota. Neutrino production starts in the Target Station, which consists of a solid target, magnetic focusing horns, and the associated sub-systems and shielding infrastructure. Protons hit the target producing mesons which are then focused by the horns into a helium-filled decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The target and horns are encased in actively cooled steel and concrete shielding in a chamber called the target chase. The reference design chase is filled with air, but nitrogen and helium are being evaluated as alternatives. A replaceable beam window separates the decay pipe from the target chase. The facility is designed for initial operation at 1.2 MW, with the ability to upgrade to 2.4 MW, and is taking advantage of the experience gained by operating Fermilab's NuMI facility. We discuss here the design status, associated challenges, and ongoing R&D and physics-driven component optimization of the Target Station.
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TUB2CO04	Corrugated Structure Insertion to Extend SASE Bandwidth Up to 3% at the European XFEL	ion, undulator, FEL, electron	293
	I. Zagorodnov, G. Feng, T. Limberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The usage of x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in femtosecond nanocrystallography involves sequential illumination of many small crystals of arbitrary orientation. Hence a wide radiation bandwidth could be useful in order to obtain and to index a larger number of Bragg peaks used for determination of crystal orientation. Considering the baseline configuration of the European XFEL in Hamburg, and based on beam dynamics simulations, we demonstrate here that usage of corrugated structures allows for a considerable increase in radiation bandwidth. It allows for data collection with a 3% bandwidth, a few micrjoule radiation pulse energy, a few fs pulse duration, and a photon energy 4.1 keV.
	Slides TUB2CO04 [5.848 MB]
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TUPOA04	Study on THz Imaging by Using the Coherent Cherenkov Radiation	ion, electron, experiment, detector	296
	M. Nishida, M. Brameld, M. Washio Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan R. Kuroda, Y. Taira AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan K. Sakaue Waseda University, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan
	THz frequency is a special electromagnetic wave which is categorized between a radio wave and a light wave. It can pass through the various materials like a radio wave and can be transported with optical components like a light wave. Thus, it's suitable for imaging application of materials. At Waseda University, it's possible to generate a high-quality electron beam using Cs-Te photocathode RF-Gun and the electron beam is applied to several application researches. As an application of this electron beam, we generate a coherent Cherenkov radiation, and succeed in observing a high power THz light. The successful results of high power THz radiation encourage us to perform the THz imaging with transmission and reflection imaging using some materials, cross-section imaging using a simple material. On studying the THz imaging, it is necessary to clarify the spatial resolution. So, we tried to evaluate the spatial resolution in our device. Furthermore, our target is to get the three-dimensional THz images. We will introduce the CT technique in order to obtain the clear cross-section image. In this conference, we report the recent results of the THz imaging and future prospective.
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TUPOA05	Development of a Fiber Laser for Improving the Pulse Radiolysis System	ion, laser, electron, gun	299
	Y. Saito, S.Y. Soeta, M. Washio Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan Y. Hosaka, K. Sakaue RISE, Tokyo, Japan
	When material is irradiated by the ionizing radiation, short-lived and highly reactive substance intermediate active species are made and then react with substances. The chemical reaction is determined by intermediate active species in early process. Proving the behavior of intermediate active species is important for understanding and controlling radiation chemical reaction. In Waseda university we been developing a Pulse Radiolysis System, a method to measure the behavior of intermediate species, for radiation chemical analysis with RF electron gun. Currently we are developing a Supercontinuum ray(SC ray)as a probe ray to improve Pulse Radiolysis System. We have introduced a SC ray using Yb fiver laser and PCF(Photonic Crystal Fiber). But this type of prove light isn't stable enough in the visible light region. Therefore we started to study Er fiber laser oscillator as new prove ray source. We have succeeded to oscillate a Er fs laser pulse, second harmonic generation and measurement of hydrated electron in ns time resolution. In this presentation we will report current research about generation of SC ray, Er fiber laser system and dose rate effect against the hydrated electron.
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TUPOA25	Initial Demonstration of 9-MHz Framing Camera Rates on the FAST Drive Laser Pulse Trains*	ion, laser, electron, optics	333
	A.H. Lumpkin, D.R. Edstrom, J. Ruan Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: * Work at Fermilab supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Although beam centroid information at the MHz-micropulse-repetition rate has routinely been achieved at various facilities with rf BPMS, the challenge of recording beam size information at that rate is more daunting. The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring being planned at Fermilab has ~8 MHz revolution rates. To simulate the IOTA synchrotron radiation source temporal structure, we have used the UV component of the drive laser of the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) Facility. This laser is normally set at 3 MHz, but has also been run at 9 MHz. We have configured our Hamamatsu C5680 streak camera in a framing camera mode using a slow vertical sweep plugin unit with the dual axis horizontal sweep unit. A two-dimensional array of images sampled at the MHz rate can then be displayed on the streak tube phosphor and recorded by the CCD readout camera at up to 10 Hz. As an example, by using the 10 microsecond vertical sweep with the 100 microsecond horizontal sweep ranges, 49 of the 300 micropulses at 3 MHz are displayed for a given trigger delay in each of six images. Example 2D image arrays with profiling examples will be presented. Hamamatsu C5680 product web page.
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TUPOA44	Future Prospects of RF Hadron Beam Profile Monitors for Intense Neutrino Beam	ion, cavity, plasma, proton	373
	Q. Liu Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA M. Backfish, A. Moretti, V. Papadimitriou, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.A. Cummings, R.P. Johnson, G.M. Kazakevich Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA B.T. Freemire IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 and DOE STTR Grant, No. DE-SC0013795. A novel beam monitor based on a gas-filled RF resonator is proposed to measure the precise profile of secondary particles downstream of a target in the LBNF beam line at high intensity. The RF monitor is so simple that it promises to be radiation robust in extremely high-radiation environment. When a charged beam passes through a gas-filled microwave RF cavity, it produces electron-ion pairs in the RF cavity. The induced plasma changes the gas permittivity in proportion to the beam intensity. The permittivity shift can be measured by the modulated RF frequency and quality factor. The beam profile can thus be reconstructed from the signals from individual RF cavity pixels built into the beam profile monitor. A demonstration test is underway, and the current results has shown technical feasibility. The next phase consists of two stages, (1) to build and test a new multi-cell 2.45 GHz RF cavity that can be used for the NuMI beamline, and (2) to build and test a new multi-cell 9.3 GHz RF cavity that can be put in service in a future beamline at the LBNF for spatial resolution. These two resonant frequencies are chosen since they are the standard frequencies for magnetron RF source.
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TUPOA47	Development of Short Undulators for Electron-Beam-Radiation Interaction Studies	ion, undulator, laser, electron	380
	P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.B. Andorf, G. Fagerberg, M. Figora Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US DOE contract DE-SC0013761 with Northern Illinois University Interaction of an electron beam with external field or its own radiation has widespread applications ranging from coherent radiation generation, phase space cooling or formation of time-structured beam. An efficient coupling mechanism between an electron beam and radiation field relies on the use of a magnetic undulator. In this contribution we detail the construction and magnetic measurements of short (11 period) undulators with 7-cm period built using parts of the ALADDIN U3 undulator. Possible use of these undulators at two accelerator test facilities to support experiment relevant to cooling techniques and radiation souces are discussed. F. C. Younger, W. Jorge Pearce, B. Ng, Nucl. Instrum. Meth Phys. Res. A 347, pp. 96-101 (1994).
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TUPOA54	Examination of Out-of-Field Dose and Penumbral Width of Flattening Filter Free Beams in Medical Linear Accelerators	ion, photon, linac, ECR	396
	L.C. Bennett, O.N. Vassiliev M.D.A.C.C., Houston, Texas, USA
	Medical linear accelerators (LINACS) have traditionally used a flattening filter to ensure that the photon spectrum entering the patient was homogeneous within a given field size. Recently, leading manufacturers of medical accelerators have begun including an option for Flattening Filter Free (FFF) beams on their accelerators. These beams are characterized by a softer spectrum (lower average energy), peaked profiles, and less side scatter. Previous work with Monte Carlo models has shown that the elimination of the flattening filter from the beam path has the potential to greatly reduce scatter in regions immediately adjacent to the primary field (Kry 2010); however, systematic in-depth investigation of these effects has yet to be done using actual measurements from a linac equipped with FFF beams. We have examined and compared measurements of different energy pairings of FFF and FF beams from the Varian TrueBeam accelerators and found reductions of peripheral dose at upwards of 30% for the FFF beams and nearly 5% reduction in penumbral width at nearly all depths and field sizes; reductions were greatest for shallow depths and small field size. Kry et al. Out-of-field photon dose following removal of the flattening filter from a medical accelerator. Physics in Medicine and Biology. vol. 55, no. 8, 2010. pp 2155-2166.
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TUPOA73	Commissioning and First Results From a Channeling-Radiation Experiment at FAST	ion, detector, electron, gun	428
	J. Hyun Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan D.R. Broemmelsiek, D.R. Edstrom, A.L. Romanov, J. Ruan, T. Sen, V.D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA A. Halavanau, D. Mihalcea Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA P. Kobak BYU-I, Rexburg, USA W.D. Rush KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
	X-rays have widespread applications in science. Developing compact and high-quality X-ray sources, easy to disseminate, has been an on going challenge. Our group has explored the possible use of channeling radiation driven by a 50 MeV low-emittance electron beam to produce narrowband hard X-rays (photon energy from 40 keV to 140 keV). In this contribution we present the simulated X-ray spectrum including the background bremsstrahlung contribution, and optimization of the relevant electron-beam parameters required to maximize the X-ray brilliance. The results of experiments carried out at Fermilab's FAST facility – which include a 50 MeV superconducting linac and a high-brightness photoinjector – are also discussed. The average brilliance in our experiment is expected to be about one order of magnitude higher than that in previous experiments.
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TUA3CO03	Compact Ring-Based X-Ray Source With on-Orbit and on-Energy Laser-Plasma Injection	ion, electron, laser, plasma	435
	M. Turner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J.R. Cheatam, A.L. Edelen CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA J. Gerity Texas A&M University, College Station, USA A. Lajoie, C.Y. Wong NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA G. Lawler UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA O. Lishilin DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany K. Moon UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea A. A. Sahai, A. Seryi JAI, London, United Kingdom K. Shih SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA B. Zerbe MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: We acknowledge the stimulating atmosphere and support of US Particle Accelerator School, class of June 2016, where this design study was performed. We report here the results of a one week long investigation into the conceptual design of an X-ray source based on a compact ring with on-orbit and on-energy laser-plasma accelerator (mini-project 10.4 from [1]). We performed these studies during the June 2016 USPAS class "Physics of Accelerators, Lasers, and Plasma…" applying the art of inventiveness TRIZ. We describe three versions of the light source with the constraints of the electron beam with energy 1 GeV or 3 GeV and a magnetic lattice design being normal conducting (only for the 1 GeV beam) or superconducting (for either beam). The electron beam recirculates in the ring, to increase the effective photon flux. We describe the design choices, present relevant parameters, and describe insights into such machines. [1] Unifying physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma, A. Seryi, CRC Press, 2015.
	Slides TUA3CO03 [8.411 MB]
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TUA4CO04	Simulation of High-Power Tunable THz Generation in Corrugated Plasma Waveguides	ion, plasma, laser, GUI	460
	C.M. Miao, T.M. Antonsen UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA J. Palastro NRL, Washington,, USA
	Intense, short laser pulses propagating through inhomogeneous plasmas generate terahertz (THz) radiation. We consider the excitation of THz radiation by the interaction between an ultra short laser pulse and a miniature plasma waveguide. Such corrugated plasma waveguides support electromagnetic (EM) channel modes with subluminal phase velocities, thus allowing the phasing matching between the generated THz modes and the ponderomotive potential associated with laser pulse, making significant THz generation possible. Full format PIC simulations and theoretical analysis are conducted to investigate this slow wave phase matching mechanism. We find the generated THz is characterized by lateral emission and a coherent, narrow band spectrum. A range of realistic laser pulse and plasma profile parameters are considered with the goal of increasing the conversion efficiency of optical energy to THz radiation. As an example, a fixed driver pulse (1.66 J) with spot size of 15 μ m and pulse duration of 50 fs excites approximately 83.7 μ J of THz radiation in a 500-μ m-long corrugated waveguide with on axis average density of 10¹⁸ cm^-3.
	Slides TUA4CO04 [3.569 MB]
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TUB4CO03	Optimization of Compton Source Performance Through Electron Beam Shaping	ion, electron, brightness, photon	474
	A. Malyzhenkov, N.A. Yampolsky LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	We investigate a novel scheme for significantly increasing the brightness of x-ray light sources based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS) - scattering laser pulses off relativistic electron beams. The brightness of these sources is limited by the electron beam quality since electrons traveling at different angles, and/or having different energies, produce photons with different energies. Therefore, the spectral brightness of the source is defined by the 6d electron phase space shape and size, as well as laser beam parameters. The peak brightness of the ICS source can be maximized then if the electron phase space is transformed in a way so that all electrons scatter off the x-ray photons of same frequency in the same direction. We describe the x-ray photon beam quality through the Wigner function (6d photon phase space distribution) and derive it for the ICS source when the electron and laser rms matrices are arbitrary. We find the optimal uncorrelated electron beam phase space distribution resulting in the highest brightness of the ICS source for the simple on axis case as an example.
	Slides TUB4CO03 [1.673 MB]
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WEA2CO04	Vlasov Analysis of Microbunching Gain for Magnetized Beams	ion, bunching, electron, simulation	675
	C.-Y. Tsai Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Y.S. Derbenev, D. Douglas, R. Li, C. Tennant JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE- AC05-06OR23177. For a high-brightness electron beam with low energy and high bunch charge traversing a recirculation beamline, coherent synchrotron radiation and space charge effect may result in the microbunching instability (MBI). Both tracking simulation and Vlasov analysis for an early design of Circulator Cooler Ring* for the Jefferson Lab Electron Ion Collider reveal significant MBI. It is envisioned these could be substantially suppressed by using a magnetized beam. In this work, we extend the existing Vlasov analysis, originally developed for a non-magnetized beam, to the description of transport of a magnetized beam including relevant collective effects. The new formulation will be further employed to confirm prediction of microbunching suppression for a magnetized beam transport in a recirculating machine design. *Ya. Derbenev and Y. Zhang, COOL'09 (FRM2MCCO01)
	Slides WEA2CO04 [4.662 MB]
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WEPOA16	Fermilab Recycler Collimation System Design	ion, collimation, proton, operation	726
	B.C. Brown, P. Adamson, R. Ainsworth, D. Capista, K.J. Hazelwood, I. Kourbanis, N.V. Mokhov, D.K. Morris, M.J. Murphy, V.I. Sidorov, E.G. Stern, I.S. Tropin, M.-J. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. To provide 700 kW proton beams for neutrino production in the NuMI facility, we employ slip stacking in the Recycler with transfer to the Main Injector for recapture and acceleration. Slip stacking with 12 Booster batches per 1.33 sec cycle of the Main Injector has been implemented and extensive operation with 8 batches and 10 batches per MI cycle has been demonstrated. Operation in this mode since 2013 shows that loss localization is an essential component for long term operation. Beam loss in the Recycler will be localized in a collimation region with design capability for absorbing up to 2 kW of lost protons in a pair of 20-Ton collimators (absorbers). This system will employ a two stage collimation with a thin Mo scattering foil to define the bottom edge of both the injected and decelerated-for-slipping beams. Optimization and engineering design of the collimator components and radiation shielding are based on comprehensive MARS15 simulations predicting high collimation efficiency as well as tolerable levels of prompt and residual radiation. The system installation during the Fermilab 2016 facility shutdown will permit commissioning in the subsequent operating period.
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WEPOA18	Experimental Studies of Beam Collimation System in the Fermilab Booster	ion, booster, collimation, proton	732
	V.V. Kapin, S. Chaurize, N.V. Mokhov, W. Pellico, M. Slabaugh, T. Sullivan, R. Tesarek, A.K. Triplett Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	A two-stage collimation (2SC) system was installed in Fermilab Booster around 2004 and consists of 2 primary collimators (PrC), one for each of the horizontal and vertical planes and 3 secondary collimators (SC) each capable of acting in both planes. Presently, only SC are used as the single-stage collimation (1SC). Part of the Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) includes a task to test 2SC for Booster operations. In this paper we describe preparatory steps to fix SC motion issues and installation of a 380μm thick aluminum foil PrC and post-processing software for beam orbit and beam loss measurements. The initial experimental results for 2SC in the vertical plane are also presented. The tuning of 2SC system was performed using fast loss monitors allowing much higher time-resolution than existing BLMs. Analysis of losses and beam transmission efficiency allow for the comparison of 1SC and 2SC schemes.
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WEPOA25	Fermilab Accelerator R&D Program Towards Intensity Frontier Accelerators: Status and Progress	ion, proton, target, cavity	745
	V.D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab actively carries out broad R&D program toward future Intensity Frontier accelerators which includes novel beam physics approaches tests in IOTA ring at FAST, research on cost-effective SRF and development of multi-MW beam targets. This presentation gives a high level overview of the program, motivation, status and progress.
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WEPOA38	Optically Based Diagnostics for Optical Stochastic Cooling	ion, pick-up, kicker, undulator	779
	M.B. Andorf Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA V.A. Lebedev, P. Piot, J. Ruan Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	An Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment with electrons is planned in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring currently in construction at Fermilab. OSC requires timing the arrival of an electron and its radiation generated from the upstream pickup undulator into the downstream kicker undulator to a precision on the order of less than a fs. The interference of the pickup and kicker radiation suggests a way to diagnose the arrival time to the required precision.
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WEPOB06	Parameterization of Helical Superconducting Undulator Magnetic Field*	ion, undulator, software, factory	894
	S.H. Kim ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Using a scaling law, the magnetic fields of helical superconducting undulators (HSCUs) for a period range of 10 ' 50 mm are parameterized from the field calculations of one reference HSCU with a period of 30 mm. The on-axis fields are calculated at the critical current densities of the NbTi and Nb3Sn superconducting coils at 4.2 K. The parametrized on-axis fields for the period range are expressed in terms of the period and inner radius of the helical coils. The corresponding critical current densities and coil maximum fields are also included. The parameterization procedures are described in detail and some field deviations are discussed. *Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Associate of Seville, Advanced Photon Source 'shkim@aps.anl.gov, shkim242@gmail.com
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WEPOB32	Performance of a Combined System Using an X-Ray FEL Oscillator and a High-Gain FEL Amplifier	ion, FEL, simulation, laser	974
	L. Gupta University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA K.-J. Kim, R.R. Lindberg ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: [5] R. R. Lindberg, K.-J. Kim, "Intense, coherent x-rays at 40 keV or higher by combining an XFELO and a high-gain harmonic generation," (in prep) US DOE contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 & NSF PHY-1535639 The LCLS-II at SLAC will feature a 4 GeV CW superconducting (SC) RF linac [1] that can potentially drive a 5th harmonic X-Ray FEL Oscillator to produce fully coherent, 1 MW photon pulses with a 5 meV bandwidth at 14.4 keV [2]. The XFELO output can serve as the input seed signal for a high-gain FEL amplifier employing fs electron beams from the normal conducting SLAC linac, thereby generating coherent, fs x-ray pulses with ~TW peak powers using a tapered undulator after saturation [3]. Coherent, intense output at several tens of keV will also be feasible if one considers a harmonic generation scheme. Thus, one can potentially reach the 42 keV photon energy required for the MaRIE project [4] by beginning with an XFELO operating at the 5th harmonic to produce 8.4 keV photons using a 3.1 GeV SCRF linac, and then subsequently using the high-gain harmonic generation scheme to generate and amplify the 5th harmonic at 42 keV [5]. We report extensive GINGER simulations that determine an optimized parameter set for the combined system. [1] "Linac Coherent Light Source-II Conceptual Design Report," SLAC-R-978 (2011) [2] T. J. Maxwell, et al., "Feasibility Study for an X-Ray FEL Oscillator at the LCLS-II," IPAC, Richmond, VA (May, 2015) [3] K.-J. Kim, et al., IPAC 2016 [4] http://www.lanl.gov
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WEPOB48	THz and Sub-THz Capabilities of a Table-Top Radiation Source Driven by an RF Thermionic Electron Gun	ion, undulator, electron, experiment	998
	A.V. Smirnov, R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, T.J. Campese, Y.C. Chen, J.J. Hartzell, B.T. Jacobson, A.Y. Murokh, F.H. O'Shea, E. Spranza RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA W. Berg, M. Borland, J.C. Dooling, L. Erwin, R.R. Lindberg, S.J. Pasky, N. Sereno, Y. Sun, A. Zholents ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA W. Bruns WBFB, Berlin, Germany M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (award No. DE-SC-FOA-0007702). Design features and experimental results are presented for a sub-mm wave source [1] based on APS RF thermionic electron gun. The setup includes compact alpha-magnet, quadrupoles, sub-mm-wave radiators, and THz optics. The sub-THz radiator is a planar, oversized structure with gratings. Source upgrade for generation frequencies above 1 THz is discussed. The THz radiator will use a short-period undulator having 1 T field amplitude, ~20 cm length, and integrated with a low-loss oversized waveguide. Both radiators are integrated with a miniature horn antenna and a small ~90°-degree in-vacuum bending magnet. The electron beamline is designed to operate different modes including conversion to a flat beam interacting efficiently with the radiator. The source can be used for cancer diagnostics, surface defectoscopy, and non-destructive testing. Sub-THz experiment demonstrated a good potential of a robust, table-top system for generation of a narrow bandwidth THz radiation. This setup can be considered as a prototype of a compact, laser-free, flexible source capable of generation of long trains of Sub-THz and THz pulses with repetition rates not available with laser-driven sources. [1] A. V. Smirnov, R. Agustsson, W. J. Berg et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18, 090703(2015)
	Poster WEPOB48 [1.335 MB]
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WEPOB53	Computation of Synchrotron Radiation	ion, undulator, simulation, synchrotron	1005
	D.A. Hidas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	This presentation introduces a new open-source software development for the computation of radiation from charged particles and beams in magnetic and electric fields. The computations are valid in the near-field regime for both relativistic and non-relativistic scenarios. This project is being developed, and is currently in use, at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source II. Primary applications include, but are not limited to, the computation of spectra, photon flux densities, and power density distributions from undulators, wigglers, and bending magnets on arbitrary shaped surfaces in 3D making possible detailed study of sensitive accelerator and beam-line equipment. Application interfaces are available in Python, Mathematica, and C. Practical use cases are demonstrated and benchmarked. Additionally, future upgrades will be elaborated on.
	Poster WEPOB53 [27.003 MB]
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THA1IO02	Results of the 2015 Helium Processing of CEBAF Cryomodules	ion, cavity, cryomodule, vacuum	1054
	M.A. Drury, F. Humphry, L.K. King, M.D. McCaughan, A.D. Solopova JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab consists of an injector and two linacs connected by arcs. Each linac contains 25 cryomodules that are designed to deliver an integrated energy of 2.2 GeV per pass to an electron beam in order to meet 12 GeV energy requirements. Helium processing is a processing technique that is used to reduce field emission (FE) in SRF cavities. Helium processing of the 50 installed linac cryomodules was seen as necessary to support 12 GeV energy requirements. This paper will describe the processing procedure and summarize the results of this effort. Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.
	Slides THA1IO02 [3.803 MB]
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THA1CO05	Thermal Modeling and Cryogenic Design of a Helical Superconducting Undulator Cryostat	ion, cryogenics, undulator, operation	1064
	Y. Shiroyanagi, J.D. Fuerst, Q.B. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	A conceptual design for a helical superconducting undulator (HSCU) for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been completed. The device differs sufficiently from the existing APS planar superconducting undulator (SCU) design to warrant development of a new cryostat based on value engineering and lessons learned from the existing planar SCU. Changes include optimization of the existing cryocooler-based refrigeration system and thermal shield as well as cost reduction through the use of standard vacuum hardware. The end result is a design that provides significantly larger 4.2 K refrigeration margin in a smaller package for greater installation flexibility in the APS storage ring. This paper presents ANSYS-based thermal analysis of the cryostat, including estimated static and dynamic (beam-induced) heating, and compares the new design with the existing planar SCU cryostat. Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
	Slides THA1CO05 [3.905 MB]
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THA2IO02	High Gradient PM Technology for Ultra-High Brightness Rings	ion, quadrupole, storage-ring, HOM	1077
	G. Le Bec, J. Chavanne ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Permanent magnets have long been major components in accelerator-based light sources, particularly as a part of insertion devices. However, their use as main lattice magnets (dipoles, quadrupoles) has been so far somewhat limited. The present trend towards small magnet apertures, exemplified by various multibend achromat designs currently under commissioning or design/construction opens up the discussion once more on the large-scale use of permanent magnets as a means to achieve extremely high gradients in future diffraction-limited storage rings. This paper will review the current R&D programs on the use of permanent magnets in the lattice of high brightness storage rings.
	Slides THA2IO02 [5.770 MB]
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THB2IO02	Production of Medical Isotopes With Electron Linacs	ion, target, electron, photon	1091
	D.A. Rotsch, K. Alford, J.L. Bailey, D.L. Bowers, T. Brossard, M.A. Brown, S. Chemerisov, D. Ehst, J.P. Greene, R. Gromov, J.J. Grudzinski, L. Hafenrichter, A.S. Hebden, T.A. Heltemes, W.F. Henning, J. Jerden, C.D. Jonah, M. Kalensky, J.F. Krebs, V. Makarashvili, B.J. Micklich, J.A. Nolen, K.J. Quigley, J.F. Schneider, N.A. Smith, D.C. Stepinski, P. Tkac, G.F. Vandegrift, M. Virgo, K.A. Wesolowski, A.J. Youker ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA Z. Sun SCSU, Orangeburg, South Carolina, USA
	Radioisotopes play important roles in numerous areas ranging from medical treatments to national security and basic research. Radionuclide production technology for medical applications has been pursued since the early 1900s both commercially and in nuclear science centers. Many medical isotopes are now in routine production and are used in day-to-day medical procedures. Despite these advancements, research is accelerating around the world to improve the existing production methodologies as well as to develop novel radionuclides for new medical applications. Electron linear accelerators (linacs) are unique sources of radioisotopes. Even though the basic technology has been around for decades, only recently have electron linacs capable of producing photons with sufficient energy and flux for radioisotope production become available. Housed in Argonne National Laboratory's building 211 is a newly upgraded 50 MeV/30-kW electron linear accelerator, capable of producing a wide range of radioisotopes. This talk will focus on the work being performed for the production of the medical isotopes 99Mo (99Mo/99mTc generator), 67Cu, and 47Sc.
	Slides THB2IO02 [25.926 MB]
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THPOA52	A Simulation for Bright THz Light Source from Wiggler Radiation at KEK LUCX	ion, wiggler, simulation, experiment	1210
	Y. Sumitomo, S. Araki, A. Aryshev, M.K. Fukuda, M. Shevelev, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan A. Deshpande SAMEER, Mumbai, India N. Terunuma Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We study a bright THz light source generated by a wiggler radiation at KEK LUCX THz experiment, where an injected four pre-micro-bunched electron beam with few hundreds femto-seconds separation plays a crucial role. The energy of pre-bunched beam reaches few MeV at an S-band 3.6 cell RF Gun, and hence the space-charge effect is not negligible. We simulate the beam optics by ASTRA code, a charged beam optics simulator with space-charge effect, and then the resultant particle distribution is passed to GENESIS, a FEL simulator to deal with the wiggler radiation. We also present an experimental result at KEK LUCX. The major advantage of this system is a compactness of total setup that is expected to generate a MW class peak power THz beam by the coherent radiation.
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THPOA58	Multiple Bunch Length Operation Mode Design at HLS-II Storage Ring	ion, cavity, lattice, storage-ring	1220
	W.W. Gao Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China W. Li, L. Wang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	Funding: * Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11305170) In this paper we design a simultaneous three bunch length operating mode at the HLS-II (Hefei Light Source II) storage ring by installing two harmonic cavities and minimizing the momentum compaction factor. The short bunches (2.6 mm) presented in this work will meet the requirement of coherent THz radiation experiments, and the long bunches (20 mm) will efficiently increase the total beam current. Therefore, this multiple-bunch-length operating mode allows present synchrotron users and THz users to carry out their experiments simultaneously. Also we analyzed the physical properties such as the CSR effect, RF jitter and Touschek lifetime of this operating mode.
	Poster THPOA58 [0.611 MB]
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FRA1CO03	An Ultra-High Resolution Pulsed-Wire Magnet Measurement System	ion, undulator, experiment, FEL	1268
	A. D'Audney, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
	The performance of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) depends in part on the quality of the magnetic field in the undulator. Imperfections in the magnetic field of an undulator lead to an imperfect electron trajectory, both offset and angle, as well as a relative phase error between the oscillation phase of the electrons and the generated electromagnetic field. The result of such errors is a reduction of laser gain impacting overall FEL performance. A pulsed-wire method can be used to determine the profile of the magnetic field. This is achieved by sending a square-current pulse through a wire placed along the length of the axis that will induce a Lorentz-force interaction with the magnetic field. Measurement of the resulting displacement in the wire over time using a motion detector yields the first or second integrals of the magnetic field and so provides a measure of the local magnetic field strength. Dispersion in the wire can be corrected using algorithms, with a resulting increase in overall accuracy of the measurement. We have designed, constructed and tested a pulsed-wire magnetic measurement system and used this system to characterize the CSU FEL undulator.
	Slides FRA1CO03 [4.318 MB]
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Paper

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MOB3IO02

LHC Operation at 6.5 TeV: Status and Beam Physics Issues

ion, luminosity, operation, MMI

37

G. Papotti, M. Albert, R. Alemany-Fernandez, E. Bravin, G.E. Crockford, K. Fuchsberger, R. Giachino, M. Giovannozzi, G.H. Hemelsoet, W. Höfle, G. Iadarola, D. Jacquet, M. Lamont, D. Nisbet, L. Normann, T. Persson, M. Pojer, L. Ponce, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, R. Suykerbuyk, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

LHC operation restarted in 2015 after the first Long Shutdown, planning for a 4-year long run until the end of 2018 (called Run 2). The beam energy was fixed at 6.5 TeV. The year 2015 was dedicated to establishing operation at the high energy and with 25 ns beams, in order to prepare production for the following three years. The year 2016 was the first one dedicated to production, and it turned out to be a record-breaking year, in which the goals in both peak and integrated luminosities with proton-proton beams were achieved and surpassed. This paper revisits 2015 and 2016, shortly highlighting the main facts in the timelines, recalling the parameters that characterized luminosity production, and sketching the main limitations and the main highlights of results for selected topics, including a particular focus on the beam physics issues.

Slides MOB3IO02 [15.183 MB]

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MOPOB13

Post Irradiation Examination Results of the NT-02 Graphite Fins Numi Target

ion, target, proton, operation

99

K. Ammigan, P. Hurh, V.I. Sidorov, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D. Asner, A.M. Casella, D.J. Edwards, A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, D.J. Senor
PNNL, Richland, Washington, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The NT-02 neutrino target in the NuMI beamline at Fermilab is a 95 cm long target made up of segmented graphite fins. It is the longest running NuMI target, which operated with a 120 GeV proton beam with maximum power of 340 kW, and saw an integrated total proton on target of 6.1 x 1020. Over the last half of its life, gradual degradation of neutrino yield was observed until the target was replaced. The probable causes for the target performance degradation are attributed to radiation damage, possibly including cracking caused by reduction in thermal shock resistance, as well as potential localized oxidation in the heated region of the target. Understanding the long-term structural response of target materials exposed to proton irradiation is critical as future proton accelerator sources are becoming increasingly more powerful. As a result, an autopsy of the target was carried out to facilitate post-irradiation examination of selected graphite fins. Advanced microstructural imaging and surface elemental analysis techniques were used to characterize the condition of the fins in an effort to identify degradation mechanisms, and the relevant findings are presented in this paper.

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MOPOB14

Experimental Results of Beryllium Exposed to Intense High Energy Proton Beam Pulses

ion, experiment, proton, target

102

K. Ammigan, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A.R. Atherton
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
M.E.J. Butcher, M. Calviani, M. Guinchard, R. Losito
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge, J. O'Dell
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
V.I. Kuksenko, S.G. Roberts
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
S.G. Roberts
CCFE, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Beryllium is extensively used in various accelerator beam lines and target facilities as material for beam windows, and to a lesser extent, as secondary particle production targets. With increasing beam intensities of future accelerator facilities, it is critical to understand the response of beryllium under extreme conditions to reliably operate these components as well as avoid compromising particle production efficiency by limiting beam parameters. As a result, an exploratory experiment at CERN's HiRadMat facility was carried out to take advantage of the test facility's tunable high intensity proton beam to probe and investigate the damage mechanisms of several beryllium grades. The test matrix consisted of multiple arrays of thin discs of varying thicknesses as well as cylinders, each exposed to increasing beam intensities. This paper outlines the experimental measurements, as well as findings from Post-Irradiation-Examination (PIE) work where different imaging techniques were used to analyze and compare surface evolution and microstructural response of the test matrix specimens.

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MOPOB23

The Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments (RaDIATE) Collaboration R&D Program - Status and Future Activities

ion, target, proton, experiment

117

P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The RaDIATE collaboration (Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments), founded in 2012, has grown to over 50 participants and 11 institutions globally. The primary objective is to harness existing expertise in nuclear materials and accelerator targets to generate new and useful materials data for application within the accelerator and fission/fusion communities. Current activities include post-irradiation examination of materials taken from existing beamlines (such as the NuMI primary beam window from Fermilab) as well as new irradiations of candidate target materials at low energy and high energy beam facilities. In addition, the program includes thermal shock experiments utilizing high intensity proton beam pulses available at the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Status of current RaDIATE activities as well as future plans will be discussed, including special focus on the upcoming RaDIATE irradiation at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer facility (BLIP) in which multiple materials of interest (e.g. beryllium, graphite, silicon, titanium, iridium) will simultaneously be exposed to 120 - 181 MeV proton beam to relevant radiation damage levels.

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MOPOB35

Design of the LBNF Beamline Target Station

ion, target, shielding, focusing

146

S. Tariq, K. Ammigan, K. Anderson, S.A. Buccellato, C.F. Crowley, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, P.H. Kasper, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Lee, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore, V. Papadimitriou, D. Pushka, I.L. Rakhno, S.D. Reitzner, V.I. Sidorov, A.M. Stefanik, I.S. Tropin, K. Vaziri, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C.J. Densham
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) project will build a beamline located at Fermilab to create and aim an intense neutrino beam of appropriate energy range toward the DUNE detectors at the SURF facility in Lead, South Dakota. Neutrino production starts in the Target Station, which consists of a solid target, magnetic focusing horns, and the associated sub-systems and shielding infrastructure. Protons hit the target producing mesons which are then focused by the horns into a helium-filled decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The target and horns are encased in actively cooled steel and concrete shielding in a chamber called the target chase. The reference design chase is filled with air, but nitrogen and helium are being evaluated as alternatives. A replaceable beam window separates the decay pipe from the target chase. The facility is designed for initial operation at 1.2 MW, with the ability to upgrade to 2.4 MW, and is taking advantage of the experience gained by operating Fermilab's NuMI facility. We discuss here the design status, associated challenges, and ongoing R&D and physics-driven component optimization of the Target Station.

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TUB2CO04

Corrugated Structure Insertion to Extend SASE Bandwidth Up to 3% at the European XFEL

ion, undulator, FEL, electron

293

I. Zagorodnov, G. Feng, T. Limberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The usage of x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in femtosecond nanocrystallography involves sequential illumination of many small crystals of arbitrary orientation. Hence a wide radiation bandwidth could be useful in order to obtain and to index a larger number of Bragg peaks used for determination of crystal orientation. Considering the baseline configuration of the European XFEL in Hamburg, and based on beam dynamics simulations, we demonstrate here that usage of corrugated structures allows for a considerable increase in radiation bandwidth. It allows for data collection with a 3% bandwidth, a few micrjoule radiation pulse energy, a few fs pulse duration, and a photon energy 4.1 keV.

Slides TUB2CO04 [5.848 MB]

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TUPOA04

Study on THz Imaging by Using the Coherent Cherenkov Radiation

ion, electron, experiment, detector

296

M. Nishida, M. Brameld, M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
R. Kuroda, Y. Taira
AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Sakaue
Waseda University, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan

THz frequency is a special electromagnetic wave which is categorized between a radio wave and a light wave. It can pass through the various materials like a radio wave and can be transported with optical components like a light wave. Thus, it's suitable for imaging application of materials. At Waseda University, it's possible to generate a high-quality electron beam using Cs-Te photocathode RF-Gun and the electron beam is applied to several application researches. As an application of this electron beam, we generate a coherent Cherenkov radiation, and succeed in observing a high power THz light. The successful results of high power THz radiation encourage us to perform the THz imaging with transmission and reflection imaging using some materials, cross-section imaging using a simple material. On studying the THz imaging, it is necessary to clarify the spatial resolution. So, we tried to evaluate the spatial resolution in our device. Furthermore, our target is to get the three-dimensional THz images. We will introduce the CT technique in order to obtain the clear cross-section image. In this conference, we report the recent results of the THz imaging and future prospective.

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TUPOA05

Development of a Fiber Laser for Improving the Pulse Radiolysis System

ion, laser, electron, gun

299

Y. Saito, S.Y. Soeta, M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Y. Hosaka, K. Sakaue
RISE, Tokyo, Japan

When material is irradiated by the ionizing radiation, short-lived and highly reactive substance intermediate active species are made and then react with substances. The chemical reaction is determined by intermediate active species in early process. Proving the behavior of intermediate active species is important for understanding and controlling radiation chemical reaction. In Waseda university we been developing a Pulse Radiolysis System, a method to measure the behavior of intermediate species, for radiation chemical analysis with RF electron gun. Currently we are developing a Supercontinuum ray(SC ray)as a probe ray to improve Pulse Radiolysis System. We have introduced a SC ray using Yb fiver laser and PCF(Photonic Crystal Fiber). But this type of prove light isn't stable enough in the visible light region. Therefore we started to study Er fiber laser oscillator as new prove ray source. We have succeeded to oscillate a Er fs laser pulse, second harmonic generation and measurement of hydrated electron in ns time resolution. In this presentation we will report current research about generation of SC ray, Er fiber laser system and dose rate effect against the hydrated electron.

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TUPOA25

Initial Demonstration of 9-MHz Framing Camera Rates on the FAST Drive Laser Pulse Trains*

ion, laser, electron, optics

333

A.H. Lumpkin, D.R. Edstrom, J. Ruan
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: * Work at Fermilab supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
Although beam centroid information at the MHz-micropulse-repetition rate has routinely been achieved at various facilities with rf BPMS, the challenge of recording beam size information at that rate is more daunting. The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring being planned at Fermilab has ~8 MHz revolution rates. To simulate the IOTA synchrotron radiation source temporal structure, we have used the UV component of the drive laser of the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) Facility. This laser is normally set at 3 MHz, but has also been run at 9 MHz. We have configured our Hamamatsu C5680 streak camera in a framing camera mode using a slow vertical sweep plugin unit with the dual axis horizontal sweep unit**. A two-dimensional array of images sampled at the MHz rate can then be displayed on the streak tube phosphor and recorded by the CCD readout camera at up to 10 Hz. As an example, by using the 10 microsecond vertical sweep with the 100 microsecond horizontal sweep ranges, 49 of the 300 micropulses at 3 MHz are displayed for a given trigger delay in each of six images. Example 2D image arrays with profiling examples will be presented.
**Hamamatsu C5680 product web page.

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TUPOA44

Future Prospects of RF Hadron Beam Profile Monitors for Intense Neutrino Beam

ion, cavity, plasma, proton

373

Q. Liu
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
M. Backfish, A. Moretti, V. Papadimitriou, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.A. Cummings, R.P. Johnson, G.M. Kazakevich
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
B.T. Freemire
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 and DOE STTR Grant, No. DE-SC0013795.
A novel beam monitor based on a gas-filled RF resonator is proposed to measure the precise profile of secondary particles downstream of a target in the LBNF beam line at high intensity. The RF monitor is so simple that it promises to be radiation robust in extremely high-radiation environment. When a charged beam passes through a gas-filled microwave RF cavity, it produces electron-ion pairs in the RF cavity. The induced plasma changes the gas permittivity in proportion to the beam intensity. The permittivity shift can be measured by the modulated RF frequency and quality factor. The beam profile can thus be reconstructed from the signals from individual RF cavity pixels built into the beam profile monitor. A demonstration test is underway, and the current results has shown technical feasibility. The next phase consists of two stages, (1) to build and test a new multi-cell 2.45 GHz RF cavity that can be used for the NuMI beamline, and (2) to build and test a new multi-cell 9.3 GHz RF cavity that can be put in service in a future beamline at the LBNF for spatial resolution. These two resonant frequencies are chosen since they are the standard frequencies for magnetron RF source.

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TUPOA47

Development of Short Undulators for Electron-Beam-Radiation Interaction Studies

ion, undulator, laser, electron

380

P. Piot
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.B. Andorf, G. Fagerberg, M. Figora
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US DOE contract DE-SC0013761 with Northern Illinois University
Interaction of an electron beam with external field or its own radiation has widespread applications ranging from coherent radiation generation, phase space cooling or formation of time-structured beam. An efficient coupling mechanism between an electron beam and radiation field relies on the use of a magnetic undulator. In this contribution we detail the construction and magnetic measurements of short (11 period) undulators with 7-cm period built using parts of the ALADDIN U3 undulator*. Possible use of these undulators at two accelerator test facilities to support experiment relevant to cooling techniques and radiation souces are discussed.
* F. C. Younger, W. Jorge Pearce, B. Ng, Nucl. Instrum. Meth Phys. Res. A 347, pp. 96-101 (1994).

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TUPOA54

Examination of Out-of-Field Dose and Penumbral Width of Flattening Filter Free Beams in Medical Linear Accelerators

ion, photon, linac, ECR

396

L.C. Bennett, O.N. Vassiliev
M.D.A.C.C., Houston, Texas, USA

Medical linear accelerators (LINACS) have traditionally used a flattening filter to ensure that the photon spectrum entering the patient was homogeneous within a given field size. Recently, leading manufacturers of medical accelerators have begun including an option for Flattening Filter Free (FFF) beams on their accelerators. These beams are characterized by a softer spectrum (lower average energy), peaked profiles, and less side scatter. Previous work with Monte Carlo models has shown that the elimination of the flattening filter from the beam path has the potential to greatly reduce scatter in regions immediately adjacent to the primary field (Kry 2010); however, systematic in-depth investigation of these effects has yet to be done using actual measurements from a linac equipped with FFF beams. We have examined and compared measurements of different energy pairings of FFF and FF beams from the Varian TrueBeam accelerators and found reductions of peripheral dose at upwards of 30% for the FFF beams and nearly 5% reduction in penumbral width at nearly all depths and field sizes; reductions were greatest for shallow depths and small field size.
Kry et al. Out-of-field photon dose following removal of the flattening filter from a medical accelerator. Physics in Medicine and Biology. vol. 55, no. 8, 2010. pp 2155-2166.

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TUPOA73

Commissioning and First Results From a Channeling-Radiation Experiment at FAST

ion, detector, electron, gun

428

J. Hyun
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
D.R. Broemmelsiek, D.R. Edstrom, A.L. Romanov, J. Ruan, T. Sen, V.D. Shiltsev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A. Halavanau, D. Mihalcea
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
P. Kobak
BYU-I, Rexburg, USA
W.D. Rush
KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

X-rays have widespread applications in science. Developing compact and high-quality X-ray sources, easy to disseminate, has been an on going challenge. Our group has explored the possible use of channeling radiation driven by a 50 MeV low-emittance electron beam to produce narrowband hard X-rays (photon energy from 40 keV to 140 keV). In this contribution we present the simulated X-ray spectrum including the background bremsstrahlung contribution, and optimization of the relevant electron-beam parameters required to maximize the X-ray brilliance. The results of experiments carried out at Fermilab's FAST facility – which include a 50 MeV superconducting linac and a high-brightness photoinjector – are also discussed. The average brilliance in our experiment is expected to be about one order of magnitude higher than that in previous experiments.

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TUA3CO03

Compact Ring-Based X-Ray Source With on-Orbit and on-Energy Laser-Plasma Injection

ion, electron, laser, plasma

435

M. Turner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J.R. Cheatam, A.L. Edelen
CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
J. Gerity
Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
A. Lajoie, C.Y. Wong
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
G. Lawler
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
O. Lishilin
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
K. Moon
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
A. A. Sahai, A. Seryi
JAI, London, United Kingdom
K. Shih
SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA
B. Zerbe
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: We acknowledge the stimulating atmosphere and support of US Particle Accelerator School, class of June 2016, where this design study was performed.
We report here the results of a one week long investigation into the conceptual design of an X-ray source based on a compact ring with on-orbit and on-energy laser-plasma accelerator (mini-project 10.4 from [1]). We performed these studies during the June 2016 USPAS class "Physics of Accelerators, Lasers, and Plasma…" applying the art of inventiveness TRIZ. We describe three versions of the light source with the constraints of the electron beam with energy 1 GeV or 3 GeV and a magnetic lattice design being normal conducting (only for the 1 GeV beam) or superconducting (for either beam). The electron beam recirculates in the ring, to increase the effective photon flux. We describe the design choices, present relevant parameters, and describe insights into such machines.
[1] Unifying physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma, A. Seryi, CRC Press, 2015.

Slides TUA3CO03 [8.411 MB]

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TUA4CO04

Simulation of High-Power Tunable THz Generation in Corrugated Plasma Waveguides

ion, plasma, laser, GUI

460

C.M. Miao, T.M. Antonsen
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
J. Palastro
NRL, Washington,, USA

Intense, short laser pulses propagating through inhomogeneous plasmas generate terahertz (THz) radiation. We consider the excitation of THz radiation by the interaction between an ultra short laser pulse and a miniature plasma waveguide. Such corrugated plasma waveguides support electromagnetic (EM) channel modes with subluminal phase velocities, thus allowing the phasing matching between the generated THz modes and the ponderomotive potential associated with laser pulse, making significant THz generation possible. Full format PIC simulations and theoretical analysis are conducted to investigate this slow wave phase matching mechanism. We find the generated THz is characterized by lateral emission and a coherent, narrow band spectrum. A range of realistic laser pulse and plasma profile parameters are considered with the goal of increasing the conversion efficiency of optical energy to THz radiation. As an example, a fixed driver pulse (1.66 J) with spot size of 15 μ m and pulse duration of 50 fs excites approximately 83.7 μ J of THz radiation in a 500-μ m-long corrugated waveguide with on axis average density of 10¹⁸ cm^-3.

Slides TUA4CO04 [3.569 MB]

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TUB4CO03

Optimization of Compton Source Performance Through Electron Beam Shaping

ion, electron, brightness, photon

474

A. Malyzhenkov, N.A. Yampolsky
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

We investigate a novel scheme for significantly increasing the brightness of x-ray light sources based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS) - scattering laser pulses off relativistic electron beams. The brightness of these sources is limited by the electron beam quality since electrons traveling at different angles, and/or having different energies, produce photons with different energies. Therefore, the spectral brightness of the source is defined by the 6d electron phase space shape and size, as well as laser beam parameters. The peak brightness of the ICS source can be maximized then if the electron phase space is transformed in a way so that all electrons scatter off the x-ray photons of same frequency in the same direction. We describe the x-ray photon beam quality through the Wigner function (6d photon phase space distribution) and derive it for the ICS source when the electron and laser rms matrices are arbitrary. We find the optimal uncorrelated electron beam phase space distribution resulting in the highest brightness of the ICS source for the simple on axis case as an example.

Slides TUB4CO03 [1.673 MB]

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WEA2CO04

Vlasov Analysis of Microbunching Gain for Magnetized Beams

ion, bunching, electron, simulation

675

C.-Y. Tsai
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
Y.S. Derbenev, D. Douglas, R. Li, C. Tennant
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE- AC05-06OR23177.
For a high-brightness electron beam with low energy and high bunch charge traversing a recirculation beamline, coherent synchrotron radiation and space charge effect may result in the microbunching instability (MBI). Both tracking simulation and Vlasov analysis for an early design of Circulator Cooler Ring* for the Jefferson Lab Electron Ion Collider reveal significant MBI. It is envisioned these could be substantially suppressed by using a magnetized beam. In this work, we extend the existing Vlasov analysis, originally developed for a non-magnetized beam, to the description of transport of a magnetized beam including relevant collective effects. The new formulation will be further employed to confirm prediction of microbunching suppression for a magnetized beam transport in a recirculating machine design.
*Ya. Derbenev and Y. Zhang, COOL'09 (FRM2MCCO01)

Slides WEA2CO04 [4.662 MB]

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WEPOA16

Fermilab Recycler Collimation System Design

ion, collimation, proton, operation

726

B.C. Brown, P. Adamson, R. Ainsworth, D. Capista, K.J. Hazelwood, I. Kourbanis, N.V. Mokhov, D.K. Morris, M.J. Murphy, V.I. Sidorov, E.G. Stern, I.S. Tropin, M.-J. Yang
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
To provide 700 kW proton beams for neutrino production in the NuMI facility, we employ slip stacking in the Recycler with transfer to the Main Injector for recapture and acceleration. Slip stacking with 12 Booster batches per 1.33 sec cycle of the Main Injector has been implemented and extensive operation with 8 batches and 10 batches per MI cycle has been demonstrated. Operation in this mode since 2013 shows that loss localization is an essential component for long term operation. Beam loss in the Recycler will be localized in a collimation region with design capability for absorbing up to 2 kW of lost protons in a pair of 20-Ton collimators (absorbers). This system will employ a two stage collimation with a thin Mo scattering foil to define the bottom edge of both the injected and decelerated-for-slipping beams. Optimization and engineering design of the collimator components and radiation shielding are based on comprehensive MARS15 simulations predicting high collimation efficiency as well as tolerable levels of prompt and residual radiation. The system installation during the Fermilab 2016 facility shutdown will permit commissioning in the subsequent operating period.

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WEPOA18

Experimental Studies of Beam Collimation System in the Fermilab Booster

ion, booster, collimation, proton

732

V.V. Kapin, S. Chaurize, N.V. Mokhov, W. Pellico, M. Slabaugh, T. Sullivan, R. Tesarek, A.K. Triplett
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A two-stage collimation (2SC) system was installed in Fermilab Booster around 2004 and consists of 2 primary collimators (PrC), one for each of the horizontal and vertical planes and 3 secondary collimators (SC) each capable of acting in both planes. Presently, only SC are used as the single-stage collimation (1SC). Part of the Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) includes a task to test 2SC for Booster operations. In this paper we describe preparatory steps to fix SC motion issues and installation of a 380μm thick aluminum foil PrC and post-processing software for beam orbit and beam loss measurements. The initial experimental results for 2SC in the vertical plane are also presented. The tuning of 2SC system was performed using fast loss monitors allowing much higher time-resolution than existing BLMs. Analysis of losses and beam transmission efficiency allow for the comparison of 1SC and 2SC schemes.

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WEPOA25

Fermilab Accelerator R&D Program Towards Intensity Frontier Accelerators: Status and Progress

ion, proton, target, cavity

745

V.D. Shiltsev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab actively carries out broad R&D program toward future Intensity Frontier accelerators which includes novel beam physics approaches tests in IOTA ring at FAST, research on cost-effective SRF and development of multi-MW beam targets. This presentation gives a high level overview of the program, motivation, status and progress.

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WEPOA38

Optically Based Diagnostics for Optical Stochastic Cooling

ion, pick-up, kicker, undulator

779

M.B. Andorf
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
V.A. Lebedev, P. Piot, J. Ruan
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

An Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment with electrons is planned in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring currently in construction at Fermilab. OSC requires timing the arrival of an electron and its radiation generated from the upstream pickup undulator into the downstream kicker undulator to a precision on the order of less than a fs. The interference of the pickup and kicker radiation suggests a way to diagnose the arrival time to the required precision.

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WEPOB06

Parameterization of Helical Superconducting Undulator Magnetic Field*

ion, undulator, software, factory

894

S.H. Kim
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Using a scaling law, the magnetic fields of helical superconducting undulators (HSCUs) for a period range of 10 ' 50 mm are parameterized from the field calculations of one reference HSCU with a period of 30 mm. The on-axis fields are calculated at the critical current densities of the NbTi and Nb3Sn superconducting coils at 4.2 K. The parametrized on-axis fields for the period range are expressed in terms of the period and inner radius of the helical coils. The corresponding critical current densities and coil maximum fields are also included. The parameterization procedures are described in detail and some field deviations are discussed.
*Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Associate of Seville, Advanced Photon Source
'shkim@aps.anl.gov, shkim242@gmail.com

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WEPOB32

Performance of a Combined System Using an X-Ray FEL Oscillator and a High-Gain FEL Amplifier

ion, FEL, simulation, laser

974

L. Gupta
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
K.-J. Kim, R.R. Lindberg
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: [5] R. R. Lindberg, K.-J. Kim, "Intense, coherent x-rays at 40 keV or higher by combining an XFELO and a high-gain harmonic generation," (in prep) US DOE contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 & NSF PHY-1535639
The LCLS-II at SLAC will feature a 4 GeV CW superconducting (SC) RF linac [1] that can potentially drive a 5th harmonic X-Ray FEL Oscillator to produce fully coherent, 1 MW photon pulses with a 5 meV bandwidth at 14.4 keV [2]. The XFELO output can serve as the input seed signal for a high-gain FEL amplifier employing fs electron beams from the normal conducting SLAC linac, thereby generating coherent, fs x-ray pulses with ~TW peak powers using a tapered undulator after saturation [3]. Coherent, intense output at several tens of keV will also be feasible if one considers a harmonic generation scheme. Thus, one can potentially reach the 42 keV photon energy required for the MaRIE project [4] by beginning with an XFELO operating at the 5th harmonic to produce 8.4 keV photons using a 3.1 GeV SCRF linac, and then subsequently using the high-gain harmonic generation scheme to generate and amplify the 5th harmonic at 42 keV [5]. We report extensive GINGER simulations that determine an optimized parameter set for the combined system. [1] "Linac Coherent Light Source-II Conceptual Design Report," SLAC-R-978 (2011)
[2] T. J. Maxwell, et al., "Feasibility Study for an X-Ray FEL Oscillator at the LCLS-II," IPAC, Richmond, VA (May, 2015)
[3] K.-J. Kim, et al., IPAC 2016
[4] http://www.lanl.gov

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WEPOB48

THz and Sub-THz Capabilities of a Table-Top Radiation Source Driven by an RF Thermionic Electron Gun

ion, undulator, electron, experiment

998

A.V. Smirnov, R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, T.J. Campese, Y.C. Chen, J.J. Hartzell, B.T. Jacobson, A.Y. Murokh, F.H. O'Shea, E. Spranza
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
W. Berg, M. Borland, J.C. Dooling, L. Erwin, R.R. Lindberg, S.J. Pasky, N. Sereno, Y. Sun, A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
W. Bruns
WBFB, Berlin, Germany
M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer
Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (award No. DE-SC-FOA-0007702).
Design features and experimental results are presented for a sub-mm wave source [1] based on APS RF thermionic electron gun. The setup includes compact alpha-magnet, quadrupoles, sub-mm-wave radiators, and THz optics. The sub-THz radiator is a planar, oversized structure with gratings. Source upgrade for generation frequencies above 1 THz is discussed. The THz radiator will use a short-period undulator having 1 T field amplitude, ~20 cm length, and integrated with a low-loss oversized waveguide. Both radiators are integrated with a miniature horn antenna and a small ~90°-degree in-vacuum bending magnet. The electron beamline is designed to operate different modes including conversion to a flat beam interacting efficiently with the radiator. The source can be used for cancer diagnostics, surface defectoscopy, and non-destructive testing. Sub-THz experiment demonstrated a good potential of a robust, table-top system for generation of a narrow bandwidth THz radiation. This setup can be considered as a prototype of a compact, laser-free, flexible source capable of generation of long trains of Sub-THz and THz pulses with repetition rates not available with laser-driven sources.
[1] A. V. Smirnov, R. Agustsson, W. J. Berg et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18, 090703(2015)

Poster WEPOB48 [1.335 MB]

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WEPOB53

Computation of Synchrotron Radiation

ion, undulator, simulation, synchrotron

1005

D.A. Hidas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

This presentation introduces a new open-source software development for the computation of radiation from charged particles and beams in magnetic and electric fields. The computations are valid in the near-field regime for both relativistic and non-relativistic scenarios. This project is being developed, and is currently in use, at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source II. Primary applications include, but are not limited to, the computation of spectra, photon flux densities, and power density distributions from undulators, wigglers, and bending magnets on arbitrary shaped surfaces in 3D making possible detailed study of sensitive accelerator and beam-line equipment. Application interfaces are available in Python, Mathematica, and C. Practical use cases are demonstrated and benchmarked. Additionally, future upgrades will be elaborated on.

Poster WEPOB53 [27.003 MB]

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THA1IO02

Results of the 2015 Helium Processing of CEBAF Cryomodules

ion, cavity, cryomodule, vacuum

1054

M.A. Drury, F. Humphry, L.K. King, M.D. McCaughan, A.D. Solopova
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab consists of an injector and two linacs connected by arcs. Each linac contains 25 cryomodules that are designed to deliver an integrated energy of 2.2 GeV per pass to an electron beam in order to meet 12 GeV energy requirements. Helium processing is a processing technique that is used to reduce field emission (FE) in SRF cavities. Helium processing of the 50 installed linac cryomodules was seen as necessary to support 12 GeV energy requirements. This paper will describe the processing procedure and summarize the results of this effort. Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.

Slides THA1IO02 [3.803 MB]

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THA1CO05

Thermal Modeling and Cryogenic Design of a Helical Superconducting Undulator Cryostat

ion, cryogenics, undulator, operation

1064

Y. Shiroyanagi, J.D. Fuerst, Q.B. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

A conceptual design for a helical superconducting undulator (HSCU) for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been completed. The device differs sufficiently from the existing APS planar superconducting undulator (SCU) design to warrant development of a new cryostat based on value engineering and lessons learned from the existing planar SCU. Changes include optimization of the existing cryocooler-based refrigeration system and thermal shield as well as cost reduction through the use of standard vacuum hardware. The end result is a design that provides significantly larger 4.2 K refrigeration margin in a smaller package for greater installation flexibility in the APS storage ring. This paper presents ANSYS-based thermal analysis of the cryostat, including estimated static and dynamic (beam-induced) heating, and compares the new design with the existing planar SCU cryostat.
Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Slides THA1CO05 [3.905 MB]

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THA2IO02

High Gradient PM Technology for Ultra-High Brightness Rings

ion, quadrupole, storage-ring, HOM

1077

G. Le Bec, J. Chavanne
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Permanent magnets have long been major components in accelerator-based light sources, particularly as a part of insertion devices. However, their use as main lattice magnets (dipoles, quadrupoles) has been so far somewhat limited. The present trend towards small magnet apertures, exemplified by various multibend achromat designs currently under commissioning or design/construction opens up the discussion once more on the large-scale use of permanent magnets as a means to achieve extremely high gradients in future diffraction-limited storage rings. This paper will review the current R&D programs on the use of permanent magnets in the lattice of high brightness storage rings.

Slides THA2IO02 [5.770 MB]

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THB2IO02

Production of Medical Isotopes With Electron Linacs

ion, target, electron, photon

1091

D.A. Rotsch, K. Alford, J.L. Bailey, D.L. Bowers, T. Brossard, M.A. Brown, S. Chemerisov, D. Ehst, J.P. Greene, R. Gromov, J.J. Grudzinski, L. Hafenrichter, A.S. Hebden, T.A. Heltemes, W.F. Henning, J. Jerden, C.D. Jonah, M. Kalensky, J.F. Krebs, V. Makarashvili, B.J. Micklich, J.A. Nolen, K.J. Quigley, J.F. Schneider, N.A. Smith, D.C. Stepinski, P. Tkac, G.F. Vandegrift, M. Virgo, K.A. Wesolowski, A.J. Youker
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Z. Sun
SCSU, Orangeburg, South Carolina, USA

Radioisotopes play important roles in numerous areas ranging from medical treatments to national security and basic research. Radionuclide production technology for medical applications has been pursued since the early 1900s both commercially and in nuclear science centers. Many medical isotopes are now in routine production and are used in day-to-day medical procedures. Despite these advancements, research is accelerating around the world to improve the existing production methodologies as well as to develop novel radionuclides for new medical applications. Electron linear accelerators (linacs) are unique sources of radioisotopes. Even though the basic technology has been around for decades, only recently have electron linacs capable of producing photons with sufficient energy and flux for radioisotope production become available. Housed in Argonne National Laboratory's building 211 is a newly upgraded 50 MeV/30-kW electron linear accelerator, capable of producing a wide range of radioisotopes. This talk will focus on the work being performed for the production of the medical isotopes 99Mo (99Mo/99mTc generator), 67Cu, and 47Sc.

Slides THB2IO02 [25.926 MB]

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THPOA52

A Simulation for Bright THz Light Source from Wiggler Radiation at KEK LUCX

ion, wiggler, simulation, experiment

1210

Y. Sumitomo, S. Araki, A. Aryshev, M.K. Fukuda, M. Shevelev, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Deshpande
SAMEER, Mumbai, India
N. Terunuma
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
We study a bright THz light source generated by a wiggler radiation at KEK LUCX THz experiment, where an injected four pre-micro-bunched electron beam with few hundreds femto-seconds separation plays a crucial role. The energy of pre-bunched beam reaches few MeV at an S-band 3.6 cell RF Gun, and hence the space-charge effect is not negligible. We simulate the beam optics by ASTRA code, a charged beam optics simulator with space-charge effect, and then the resultant particle distribution is passed to GENESIS, a FEL simulator to deal with the wiggler radiation. We also present an experimental result at KEK LUCX. The major advantage of this system is a compactness of total setup that is expected to generate a MW class peak power THz beam by the coherent radiation.

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THPOA58

Multiple Bunch Length Operation Mode Design at HLS-II Storage Ring

ion, cavity, lattice, storage-ring

1220

W.W. Gao
Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
W. Li, L. Wang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Funding: * Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11305170)
In this paper we design a simultaneous three bunch length operating mode at the HLS-II (Hefei Light Source II) storage ring by installing two harmonic cavities and minimizing the momentum compaction factor. The short bunches (2.6 mm) presented in this work will meet the requirement of coherent THz radiation experiments, and the long bunches (20 mm) will efficiently increase the total beam current. Therefore, this multiple-bunch-length operating mode allows present synchrotron users and THz users to carry out their experiments simultaneously. Also we analyzed the physical properties such as the CSR effect, RF jitter and Touschek lifetime of this operating mode.

Poster THPOA58 [0.611 MB]

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FRA1CO03

An Ultra-High Resolution Pulsed-Wire Magnet Measurement System

ion, undulator, experiment, FEL

1268

A. D'Audney, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton
CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

The performance of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) depends in part on the quality of the magnetic field in the undulator. Imperfections in the magnetic field of an undulator lead to an imperfect electron trajectory, both offset and angle, as well as a relative phase error between the oscillation phase of the electrons and the generated electromagnetic field. The result of such errors is a reduction of laser gain impacting overall FEL performance. A pulsed-wire method can be used to determine the profile of the magnetic field. This is achieved by sending a square-current pulse through a wire placed along the length of the axis that will induce a Lorentz-force interaction with the magnetic field. Measurement of the resulting displacement in the wire over time using a motion detector yields the first or second integrals of the magnetic field and so provides a measure of the local magnetic field strength. Dispersion in the wire can be corrected using algorithms, with a resulting increase in overall accuracy of the measurement. We have designed, constructed and tested a pulsed-wire magnetic measurement system and used this system to characterize the CSU FEL undulator.

Slides FRA1CO03 [4.318 MB]

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