NAPAC2016 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA3CO03	Bunch Shape Monitor Measurements at the LANSCE Linac	ion, linac, electron, detector	25
	I.N.D. Draganic, D. Baros, C.M. Fortgang, R.W. Garnett, R.C. McCrady, J.F. O'Hara, L. Rybarcyk, C.E. Taylor, H.A. Watkins LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA A. Feschenko, V. Gaidash, Yu.V. Kiselev RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	Two Bunch Shape Monitors (BSM) [1] have been developed, fabricated and assembled for the first direct longitudinal beam measurements at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) linear accelerator (linac). The BSM detectors use different radio frequencies for the deflecting field: first harmonic (201.25 MHz) and second harmonic (402.5 MHz) of fundamental accelerator radio frequency. The first BSM is designed to record the proton beam longitudinal phase distribution after the new RFQ accelerator at a beam energy of 750 keV with phase resolution of 1.0 degree and covering phase range of 180 degree at 201.25 MHz. The second BSM is installed between DTL tanks 3 and 4 of the LANSCE linac in order to scan both H⁺ and H⁻ beams at a beam energy of 73 MeV with a phase resolution up to 0.5 degree in the phase range of 90 degree at 201.25 MHz. Preliminary results of bunch shape measurements for both beams under different beam gates (pulse length of 150 us, 1 Hz repetition rate, etc.) will be presented and compared high performance simulation results (HPSIM) [2]. [1] A. Feschenko, Proc. of RUPAC2012, FRXOR01, Saint Petersburg, Russia, pp. 181 - 185. [2] X. Pang, L. Rybarcyk, and S. Baily, Proc. of HB2014, MOPAB30, East Lansing, MI, USA, pp. 99-102.
	Slides MOA3CO03 [4.942 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOA3CO03
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MOA4IO01	Performance of the Low Charge State Laser Ion Source in BNL	ion, laser, plasma, ion-source	49
	M. Okamura, J.G. Alessi, E.N. Beebe, M.R. Costanzo, L. DeSanto, S. Ikeda, J.P. Jamilkowski, T. Kanesue, R.F. Lambiase, D. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, D.R. McCafferty, J. Morris, R.H. Olsen, A.I. Pikin, R. Schoepfer, A.N. Steszyn BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	In March 2014, a Laser Ion Source (LIS) was commissioned which delivers high brightness low charge state heavy ions for the hadron accelerator complex in Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Since then, the LIS has provided many heavy ion species successfully. The induced low charge state (mostly singly charged) beams are injected to the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) where ions are then highly ionized to fit to the following accelerator's Q/M acceptance, like Au³²⁺. Last year, we upgraded the LIS to be able to provide two different beams into EBIS on a pulse-to- pulse basis. Now the LIS is simultaneously providing beams for both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). In the conference we present achieved performance and developed new techniques of the LIS.
	Slides MOA4IO01 [7.796 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOA4IO01
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MOA4IO02	Recent Progress in High Intensity Operation of the Fermilab Accelerator Complex	ion, proton, booster, experiment	54
	M.E. Convery Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	We report on the status of the Fermilab accelerator complex. Beam delivery to the neutrino experiments surpassed our goals for the past year. The Proton Improvement Plan is well underway with successful 15 Hz beam operation. Beam power of 700 kW to the NOvA experiment was demonstrated and will be routine in the next year. We are also preparing the Muon Campus to commission beam to the g-2 experiment.
	Slides MOA4IO02 [3.574 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOA4IO02
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MOPOB13	Post Irradiation Examination Results of the NT-02 Graphite Fins Numi Target	ion, radiation, proton, operation	99
	K. Ammigan, P. Hurh, V.I. Sidorov, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D. Asner, A.M. Casella, D.J. Edwards, A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, D.J. Senor PNNL, Richland, Washington, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The NT-02 neutrino target in the NuMI beamline at Fermilab is a 95 cm long target made up of segmented graphite fins. It is the longest running NuMI target, which operated with a 120 GeV proton beam with maximum power of 340 kW, and saw an integrated total proton on target of 6.1 x 1020. Over the last half of its life, gradual degradation of neutrino yield was observed until the target was replaced. The probable causes for the target performance degradation are attributed to radiation damage, possibly including cracking caused by reduction in thermal shock resistance, as well as potential localized oxidation in the heated region of the target. Understanding the long-term structural response of target materials exposed to proton irradiation is critical as future proton accelerator sources are becoming increasingly more powerful. As a result, an autopsy of the target was carried out to facilitate post-irradiation examination of selected graphite fins. Advanced microstructural imaging and surface elemental analysis techniques were used to characterize the condition of the fins in an effort to identify degradation mechanisms, and the relevant findings are presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOPOB13
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MOPOB14	Experimental Results of Beryllium Exposed to Intense High Energy Proton Beam Pulses	ion, experiment, proton, radiation	102
	K. Ammigan, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA A.R. Atherton STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom M.E.J. Butcher, M. Calviani, M. Guinchard, R. Losito CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge, J. O'Dell STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom V.I. Kuksenko, S.G. Roberts University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom S.G. Roberts CCFE, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Beryllium is extensively used in various accelerator beam lines and target facilities as material for beam windows, and to a lesser extent, as secondary particle production targets. With increasing beam intensities of future accelerator facilities, it is critical to understand the response of beryllium under extreme conditions to reliably operate these components as well as avoid compromising particle production efficiency by limiting beam parameters. As a result, an exploratory experiment at CERN's HiRadMat facility was carried out to take advantage of the test facility's tunable high intensity proton beam to probe and investigate the damage mechanisms of several beryllium grades. The test matrix consisted of multiple arrays of thin discs of varying thicknesses as well as cylinders, each exposed to increasing beam intensities. This paper outlines the experimental measurements, as well as findings from Post-Irradiation-Examination (PIE) work where different imaging techniques were used to analyze and compare surface evolution and microstructural response of the test matrix specimens.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOPOB14
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MOPOB23	The Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments (RaDIATE) Collaboration R&D Program - Status and Future Activities	ion, radiation, proton, experiment	117
	P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The RaDIATE collaboration (Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments), founded in 2012, has grown to over 50 participants and 11 institutions globally. The primary objective is to harness existing expertise in nuclear materials and accelerator targets to generate new and useful materials data for application within the accelerator and fission/fusion communities. Current activities include post-irradiation examination of materials taken from existing beamlines (such as the NuMI primary beam window from Fermilab) as well as new irradiations of candidate target materials at low energy and high energy beam facilities. In addition, the program includes thermal shock experiments utilizing high intensity proton beam pulses available at the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Status of current RaDIATE activities as well as future plans will be discussed, including special focus on the upcoming RaDIATE irradiation at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer facility (BLIP) in which multiple materials of interest (e.g. beryllium, graphite, silicon, titanium, iridium) will simultaneously be exposed to 120 - 181 MeV proton beam to relevant radiation damage levels.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOPOB23
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MOPOB35	Design of the LBNF Beamline Target Station	ion, shielding, radiation, focusing	146
	S. Tariq, K. Ammigan, K. Anderson, S.A. Buccellato, C.F. Crowley, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, P.H. Kasper, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Lee, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore, V. Papadimitriou, D. Pushka, I.L. Rakhno, S.D. Reitzner, V.I. Sidorov, A.M. Stefanik, I.S. Tropin, K. Vaziri, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C.J. Densham STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) project will build a beamline located at Fermilab to create and aim an intense neutrino beam of appropriate energy range toward the DUNE detectors at the SURF facility in Lead, South Dakota. Neutrino production starts in the Target Station, which consists of a solid target, magnetic focusing horns, and the associated sub-systems and shielding infrastructure. Protons hit the target producing mesons which are then focused by the horns into a helium-filled decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The target and horns are encased in actively cooled steel and concrete shielding in a chamber called the target chase. The reference design chase is filled with air, but nitrogen and helium are being evaluated as alternatives. A replaceable beam window separates the decay pipe from the target chase. The facility is designed for initial operation at 1.2 MW, with the ability to upgrade to 2.4 MW, and is taking advantage of the experience gained by operating Fermilab's NuMI facility. We discuss here the design status, associated challenges, and ongoing R&D and physics-driven component optimization of the Target Station.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOPOB35
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MOPOB61	Updates of Vertical Electropolishing Studies at Cornell with KEK and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd .	cathode, ion, cavity, SRF	208
	F. Furuta, M. Ge, T. Gruber, J.J. Kaufman, M. Liepe, J. Sears Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan H. Hayano, S. Kato, T. Saeki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Cornell, KEK, and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd (MGI) have started new Vertical Electro-Polishing (VEP) R&D collaboration in 2014. MGI and KEK has developed their original VEP cathode named 'i-cathode Ninja'® which has four retractable wing-shape parts per cell for single-/9-cell cavities. One single cell cavity had processed with VEP using i-cathode Ninja at Cornell. Cornell also performed the vertical test on that cavity. We will present the details of process and RF test result at Cornell.
	Poster MOPOB61 [2.251 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOPOB61
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TUA1IO03	Technological Challenges in the Path to 3.0 MW at the SNS Accelerator	ion, operation, neutron, rfq	246
	K.W. Jones ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	This talk discusses the design and anticipated challenges associated with upgrading the SNS beam power from the original 1.4 MW baseline design to the upgrade goal of 3 MW.
	Slides TUA1IO03 [22.843 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-TUA1IO03
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TUPOA10	Cyclotrons for Accelerator-Driven Systems	ion, cyclotron, proton, neutron	305
	T.-Y. Lee, J. Lee, S. Shin PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea C.U. Choi, M. Chung UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
	Accelerator-Driven system (ADS) can transmute long lived nuclear waste to short lived species. For this system to be fully realizable, a very stable high energy and high power proton beam (typically, 1 GeV beam energy and 10 MW beam power) is required, and preparing such a powerful and stable proton beam is very costly. Currently, the most promising candidate is superconducting linear accelerators. However, high power cyclotrons may be used for ADS particularly at the stage of demonstrating proof of principle of ADS. This paper discusses how cyclotrons can be used to demonstrate ADS.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-TUPOA10
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TUPOA13	First Test Run for High Density Material Imaging Experiment Using Relativistic Electron Beam at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator	ion, electron, experiment, diagnostics	311
	Y.R. Wang AAI/ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA S. Cao, X.K. Shen, Z.M. Zhang, Q.T. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.Q. Qiu, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	A test facility, AWA, has been commissioned and in operation since last year. It can provide beam of several bunches in a train of nano-seconds and 10s of nC with energy up to 70 MeV. In addition, the AWA can accommodate various beamlines for experiments. One of the proposed experiments is to use the AWA beam as a diagnostics for time resolved high density material, typically a target with high Z and time dependent, imaging experiments. When electron beam scatters after passing through the target, and the angular and energy distribution of beam will depend on the density and thickness of the target. A small aperture is used to collimate the scattered electron beam for off axis particles, and the target image will be detected by imaging plate. By measuring the scatted angle and energy at the imaging plate would yield information of the target. In this paper, we report on the AWA electron imaging (EI) system setup, which consist of a target, imaging optics and drift transport. The AWA EI beam line was installed on June, 2016 and the first test run was performed on August, 2016. This work will have implication on the high energy density physics and even future nuclear fusion studies.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-TUPOA13
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TUPOB24	Optimization of Linear Induction Radiography Accelerator with Electron Beam with Energy Variation	ion, electron, solenoid, induction	546
	Y.H. Wu, Y.J. Chen LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The current interest for the next generation linear induction radiography accelerator (LIA) is to generate multiple electron beam pulses with high peak currents. The beam energy and current may vary from pulse to pulse. Conse-quently, the transport and control of multi-pulsing intense electron beams through a focus-ing lattice over a long distance on such machine becomes challenging. Simulation studies of multi-pulse LIAs using AMBER [1] and BREAKUP Code [2] are described. These include optimized focusing magnetic tune for beams with energy and current variations, and steering correction for corkscrew motion. The impact of energy variation and accelerating voltage error on radiograph performance are discussed.
	Poster TUPOB24 [1.419 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-TUPOB24
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TUPOB25	Unfolding Electron Beam Parameters Using Spot Size Measurement From Magnet Scan	ion, electron, emittance, beam-transport	549
	Y.H. Wu, Y.J. Chen, J. Ellsworth LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Flash X-ray Radiography (FXR) [1] line-ar induction accelerator at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory produces x-ray bursts for radiographs. The machine is able to produce x-ray spot sizes less than 2mm. Using the spot sizes measured from the magnet scanning, the beam parameters are unfolded by modelling the FXR LINAC with the simulation code AMBER [2] and the envelope code XENV [3]. In this study, the most recent spot size measurement results and techniques used to extract the beam parameters are described. Using the unfolded beam parameters as the initial condition, the backstreaming ions' neutralization factor f = 0.3 is found by comparing the calculated spot sizes with measured spot sizes at the target.
	Poster TUPOB25 [0.576 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-TUPOB25
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WEPOA11	Frequency Manipulation of Half-Wave Resonators During Fabrication and Processing	ion, cavity, cryomodule, linac	710
	Z.A. Conway, R.L. Fischer, C.S. Hopper, M. Kedzie, M.P. Kelly, S.H. Kim, P.N. Ostroumov, T. Reid ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA V.A. Lebedev, A. Lunin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76-CH03000 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. Argonne National Laboratory is developing a super-conducting resonator cryomodule for the acceleration of 2 mA H⁻ beams from 2.1 to 10.3 MeV for Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory's Proton Improvement Plan II. The cryomodule contains 8 superconducting half-wave resonators operating at 162.500 MHz with a 120 kHz tuning window. This paper reviews the half-wave resonator fabrication techniques used to manipulate the resonant frequency to the design goal of 162.500 MHz at 2.0 K. This also determines the target frequency at select stages of resonator construction, which will be discussed and supported by measurements. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
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WEPOA25	Fermilab Accelerator R&D Program Towards Intensity Frontier Accelerators: Status and Progress	ion, proton, radiation, cavity	745
	V.D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab actively carries out broad R&D program toward future Intensity Frontier accelerators which includes novel beam physics approaches tests in IOTA ring at FAST, research on cost-effective SRF and development of multi-MW beam targets. This presentation gives a high level overview of the program, motivation, status and progress.
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WEPOA26	Fermilab Muon Campus as a Potential Probe to Study Neutrino Physics	ion, detector, experiment, simulation	749
	D. Stratakis, Z. Pavlovic Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA J.M. Grange ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA S-C. Kim Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA R. Miceli Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA J.A. Zennamo Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. In the next decade the Fermilab Muon Campus will host two world class experiments dedicated to the search for signals of new physics. The Muon g-2 experiment will determine with unprecedented precision the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The Mu2e experiment will improve by four orders of magnitude the sensitivity on the search for the as-yet unobserved Charged Lepton Flavor Violation process of a neutrinoless conversion of a muon to an electron. In this paper, we will discuss the possibility for extending the Muon Campus capabilities for neutrino research. With the aid of numerical simulations, we estimate the number of produced neutrinos at various locations along the beamlines as well along the Small Baseline Neutrino Detector which faces one of the straight sections of the delivery ring. Finally, we discuss diagnostics required for realistic implementation of the experiment.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOA26
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WEPOA29	Recent Experiments at NDCX-II: Irradiation of Materials Using Short, Intense Ion Beams	ion, experiment, plasma, focusing	755
	P.A. Seidl, E. Feinberg, Q. Ji, B.A. Ludewigt, A. Persaud, T. Schenkel, M. Silverman, A.A. Sulyman, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA J.J. Barnard, A. Friedman, D.P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California, USA E.P. Gilson, I. Kaganovich, A.D. Stepanov PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey, USA F. Treffert, M. Zimmer TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC0205CH11231 (LBNL), DE-AC52- 07NA27344 (LLNL) and DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL). We present an overview of the performance of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) accelerator at Berkeley Lab, and summarize recent studies of material properties created with nanosecond and millimeter-scale ion beam pulses. The scientific topics being explored include the dynamics of ion induced damage in materials, materials synthesis far from equilibrium, warm dense matter and intense beam-plasma physics. We summarize the improved accelerator performance, diagnostics and results of beam-induced irradiation of thin samples of, e.g., tin and silicon. Bunches with over 3x10¹⁰ ions, 1-mm radius, and 2-30 ns FWHM duration have been created. To achieve these short pulse durations and mm-scale focal spot radii, the 1.2 MeV He⁺ ion beam is neutralized in a drift compression section which removes the space charge defocusing effect during final compression and focusing. Quantitative comparison of detailed particle-in-cell simulations with the experiment play an important role in optimizing accelerator performance; these keep pace with the accelerator repetition rate of ~1/minute.
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WEPOA39	Theoretical and Numerical Study on Plasmon-Assisted Channeling Interactions in Nanostructures	ion, laser, plasma, acceleration	782
	Y.-M. Shin Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the DOE contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 to the Fermi Research Alliance LLC. A plasmon-assisted channeling acceleration can be realized with a large channel possibly in a nanometer scale. Carbon nanotubes are the most typical example of nano-channels that can confine a large amount of channeled particles and confined plasmon in a coupling condition. This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on the concept of the laser-driven surface-plasmon (SP) acceleration in a carbon nanotube (CNT) channel. Analytic description of the SP-assisted laser acceleration is detailed with practical acceleration parameters, in particular with specifications of a typical tabletop femto-second laser system. The maximally achievable acceleration gradients and energy gains within dephasing lengths and CNT lengths are discussed with respect to laser-incident angles and CNT-filling ratios.
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WEPOB49	LCLS Injector Laser Profile Shaping Using Digital Micromirror Device	laser, ion, electron, cathode	1001
	S. Li Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA S.C. Alverson, D.K. Bohler, A.R. Fry, S. Gilevich, Z. Huang, A. Miahnahri, D.F. Ratner, J. Robinson, F. Zhou SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	In the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC, the injector laser plays an important role as the source of the electron beam for the Free Electron Laser (FEL). The emittance of the beam is highly related to the transverse profile of the injector laser. Currently the LCLS injector laser has undesired features, such as hot spots, which carry over to the electron beam. These undesired features increase electron emittance, degrade the FEL performance, and complicate operations. The injector laser shaping project at LCLS aims to produce arbitrary electron beam profiles, such as cut-Gaussian, uniform, and parabolic, and to study the effect of spatial profiles on beam emittance and FEL performance. Effectively it also allows easy transition between the two spare lasers, where the operators can use the spatial shaper to achieve identical profiles for the two lasers. In this paper, we describe the experimental methods to achieve laser profile shaping and electron beam profile shaping respectively, and demonstrate promising results.
	Poster WEPOB49 [1.850 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOB49
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THB2IO02	Production of Medical Isotopes With Electron Linacs	ion, radiation, electron, photon	1091
	D.A. Rotsch, K. Alford, J.L. Bailey, D.L. Bowers, T. Brossard, M.A. Brown, S. Chemerisov, D. Ehst, J.P. Greene, R. Gromov, J.J. Grudzinski, L. Hafenrichter, A.S. Hebden, T.A. Heltemes, W.F. Henning, J. Jerden, C.D. Jonah, M. Kalensky, J.F. Krebs, V. Makarashvili, B.J. Micklich, J.A. Nolen, K.J. Quigley, J.F. Schneider, N.A. Smith, D.C. Stepinski, P. Tkac, G.F. Vandegrift, M. Virgo, K.A. Wesolowski, A.J. Youker ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA Z. Sun SCSU, Orangeburg, South Carolina, USA
	Radioisotopes play important roles in numerous areas ranging from medical treatments to national security and basic research. Radionuclide production technology for medical applications has been pursued since the early 1900s both commercially and in nuclear science centers. Many medical isotopes are now in routine production and are used in day-to-day medical procedures. Despite these advancements, research is accelerating around the world to improve the existing production methodologies as well as to develop novel radionuclides for new medical applications. Electron linear accelerators (linacs) are unique sources of radioisotopes. Even though the basic technology has been around for decades, only recently have electron linacs capable of producing photons with sufficient energy and flux for radioisotope production become available. Housed in Argonne National Laboratory's building 211 is a newly upgraded 50 MeV/30-kW electron linear accelerator, capable of producing a wide range of radioisotopes. This talk will focus on the work being performed for the production of the medical isotopes 99Mo (99Mo/99mTc generator), 67Cu, and 47Sc.
	Slides THB2IO02 [25.926 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THB2IO02
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THPOA26	Analysis of the Transport of Muon Polarization for the Fermilab G-2 Muon Experiment	ion, proton, experiment, polarization	1158
	D. Stratakis, K.E. Badgley, M.E. Convery, J.P. Morgan, M.J. Syphers, J.C.T. Thangaraj Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA J.D. Crnkovic, W. Morse BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA M.J. Syphers Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 ppb ─ a fourfold improvement over the 540 ppb precision obtained in BNL experiment E821. Obtaining this precision requires controlling total systematic errors at the 100 ppb level. One form of systematic error on the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment occurs when the muon beam injected and stored in the ring has a correlation between the muon's spin direction and its momentum. In this paper, we first analyze the creation and transport of muon polarization from the production target to the Muon g-2 storage ring. Then, we detail the spin-momentum and spin-orbit correlations and estimate their impact on the final measurement. Finally, we outline mitigation strategies that could potentially circumvent this problem.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA26
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THB3IO01	Development of a High Brightness Source for Fast Neutron Imaging*	ion, neutron, optics, linac	1260
	B. Rusnak, S.G. Anderson, D.L. Bleuel, M.L. Crank, P. Fitsos, D.J. Gibson, M. Hall, M.S. Johnson, R.A. Marsh, J.D. Sain, R. Souza, A. Wiedrick LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: *This work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Lab is developing an intense, high-brightness fast neutron source to create high resolution neutron radiographs and images. An intense source (10¹¹ n/s/sr at 0 degrees) of fast neutrons (10 MeV) allows: penetrating very thick, dense objects; maintaining high scintillator response efficiency; and remaining below the air activation threshold for (n,p) reactions. Fast neutrons will be produced using a pulsed 7 MeV, 300 microamp average-current commercial ion accelerator that will deliver deuterons to a 3 atmosphere deuterium gas cell. To achieve high resolution, a small (1.5 mm diameter) beam spot size will be used, and to reduce scattering from lower energy neutrons, a transmission gas cell will be used to produce a quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam. Because of the high power density of such a tightly focused, modest-energy ion beam, the gas target is a major engineering challenge that combines a 'windowless' rotating aperture, a rotary valve to meter cross-flowing high pressure gases, a novel gas beam stop, and recirculating gas compressor systems. A summary of the progress of the system design and building effort shall be presented.
	Slides THB3IO01 [6.998 MB]
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THB3CO03	Thermoacoustic Range Verification for Ion Therapy	ion, proton, cavity, cyclotron	1265
	S.K. Patch, Y.M. Qadadha UWM, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA R. Albright, P. Bloemhard, K. Campbell, A.P. Donoghue, T.L. Gimpel, A. Jackson, M.B. Johnson, M. Kireeff Covo, B. Ninemire, L. Phair, C.R. Siero, S.M. Small LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: We acknowledge support from a UWM Intramural Instrumentation Grant and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The potential of particle therapy due to focused dose deposition in the Bragg peak has not yet been fully realized due to inaccuracies in range verification. We report correlation of the Bragg peak location with target structure, by overlaying thermoacoustic localization of the Bragg peak onto a standard ultrasound image. Pulsed delivery of 50 MeV protons was accomplished by a fast chopper installed between the ion source and the inflector of the 88" cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. 2 Gy were delivered in 2 μs by a beam with peak current of 2 μA. Thermoacoustic emissions were detected by a clinical ultrasound array, which also generated a grayscale ultrasound image. Data was collected in a room temperature water bath and gelatin phantom with a cavity designed to mimic the intestine, where gas pockets can displace the Bragg peak. Experiments were performed with the cavity both empty and filled with olive oil. In the waterbath overlays of the Bragg peak agreed with Monte Carlo simulations to within 800±170 μm. Agreement within 1.3 ± 0.2 mm was achieved in the gelatin phantom, for which stopping power was estimated to first order from CT scans.
	Slides THB3CO03 [1.156 MB]
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FRB2IO03	GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition	ion, neutron, proton, simulation	1300
	M.A. Cummings, R.J. Abrams, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
	Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEMSTAR , a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement **. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD.
	Slides FRB2IO03 [8.681 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-FRB2IO03
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA3CO03

Bunch Shape Monitor Measurements at the LANSCE Linac

ion, linac, electron, detector

25

I.N.D. Draganic, D. Baros, C.M. Fortgang, R.W. Garnett, R.C. McCrady, J.F. O'Hara, L. Rybarcyk, C.E. Taylor, H.A. Watkins
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
A. Feschenko, V. Gaidash, Yu.V. Kiselev
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

Two Bunch Shape Monitors (BSM) [1] have been developed, fabricated and assembled for the first direct longitudinal beam measurements at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) linear accelerator (linac). The BSM detectors use different radio frequencies for the deflecting field: first harmonic (201.25 MHz) and second harmonic (402.5 MHz) of fundamental accelerator radio frequency. The first BSM is designed to record the proton beam longitudinal phase distribution after the new RFQ accelerator at a beam energy of 750 keV with phase resolution of 1.0 degree and covering phase range of 180 degree at 201.25 MHz. The second BSM is installed between DTL tanks 3 and 4 of the LANSCE linac in order to scan both H⁺ and H⁻ beams at a beam energy of 73 MeV with a phase resolution up to 0.5 degree in the phase range of 90 degree at 201.25 MHz. Preliminary results of bunch shape measurements for both beams under different beam gates (pulse length of 150 us, 1 Hz repetition rate, etc.) will be presented and compared high performance simulation results (HPSIM) [2].
[1] A. Feschenko, Proc. of RUPAC2012, FRXOR01, Saint Petersburg, Russia, pp. 181 - 185.
[2] X. Pang, L. Rybarcyk, and S. Baily, Proc. of HB2014, MOPAB30, East Lansing, MI, USA, pp. 99-102.

Slides MOA3CO03 [4.942 MB]

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MOA4IO01

Performance of the Low Charge State Laser Ion Source in BNL

ion, laser, plasma, ion-source

49

M. Okamura, J.G. Alessi, E.N. Beebe, M.R. Costanzo, L. DeSanto, S. Ikeda, J.P. Jamilkowski, T. Kanesue, R.F. Lambiase, D. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, D.R. McCafferty, J. Morris, R.H. Olsen, A.I. Pikin, R. Schoepfer, A.N. Steszyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

In March 2014, a Laser Ion Source (LIS) was commissioned which delivers high brightness low charge state heavy ions for the hadron accelerator complex in Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Since then, the LIS has provided many heavy ion species successfully. The induced low charge state (mostly singly charged) beams are injected to the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) where ions are then highly ionized to fit to the following accelerator's Q/M acceptance, like Au³²⁺. Last year, we upgraded the LIS to be able to provide two different beams into EBIS on a pulse-to- pulse basis. Now the LIS is simultaneously providing beams for both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). In the conference we present achieved performance and developed new techniques of the LIS.

Slides MOA4IO01 [7.796 MB]

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MOA4IO02

Recent Progress in High Intensity Operation of the Fermilab Accelerator Complex

ion, proton, booster, experiment

54

M.E. Convery
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

We report on the status of the Fermilab accelerator complex. Beam delivery to the neutrino experiments surpassed our goals for the past year. The Proton Improvement Plan is well underway with successful 15 Hz beam operation. Beam power of 700 kW to the NOvA experiment was demonstrated and will be routine in the next year. We are also preparing the Muon Campus to commission beam to the g-2 experiment.

Slides MOA4IO02 [3.574 MB]

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MOPOB13

Post Irradiation Examination Results of the NT-02 Graphite Fins Numi Target

ion, radiation, proton, operation

99

K. Ammigan, P. Hurh, V.I. Sidorov, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D. Asner, A.M. Casella, D.J. Edwards, A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, D.J. Senor
PNNL, Richland, Washington, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The NT-02 neutrino target in the NuMI beamline at Fermilab is a 95 cm long target made up of segmented graphite fins. It is the longest running NuMI target, which operated with a 120 GeV proton beam with maximum power of 340 kW, and saw an integrated total proton on target of 6.1 x 1020. Over the last half of its life, gradual degradation of neutrino yield was observed until the target was replaced. The probable causes for the target performance degradation are attributed to radiation damage, possibly including cracking caused by reduction in thermal shock resistance, as well as potential localized oxidation in the heated region of the target. Understanding the long-term structural response of target materials exposed to proton irradiation is critical as future proton accelerator sources are becoming increasingly more powerful. As a result, an autopsy of the target was carried out to facilitate post-irradiation examination of selected graphite fins. Advanced microstructural imaging and surface elemental analysis techniques were used to characterize the condition of the fins in an effort to identify degradation mechanisms, and the relevant findings are presented in this paper.

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MOPOB14

Experimental Results of Beryllium Exposed to Intense High Energy Proton Beam Pulses

ion, experiment, proton, radiation

102

K. Ammigan, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A.R. Atherton
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
M.E.J. Butcher, M. Calviani, M. Guinchard, R. Losito
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge, J. O'Dell
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
V.I. Kuksenko, S.G. Roberts
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
S.G. Roberts
CCFE, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Beryllium is extensively used in various accelerator beam lines and target facilities as material for beam windows, and to a lesser extent, as secondary particle production targets. With increasing beam intensities of future accelerator facilities, it is critical to understand the response of beryllium under extreme conditions to reliably operate these components as well as avoid compromising particle production efficiency by limiting beam parameters. As a result, an exploratory experiment at CERN's HiRadMat facility was carried out to take advantage of the test facility's tunable high intensity proton beam to probe and investigate the damage mechanisms of several beryllium grades. The test matrix consisted of multiple arrays of thin discs of varying thicknesses as well as cylinders, each exposed to increasing beam intensities. This paper outlines the experimental measurements, as well as findings from Post-Irradiation-Examination (PIE) work where different imaging techniques were used to analyze and compare surface evolution and microstructural response of the test matrix specimens.

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MOPOB23

The Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments (RaDIATE) Collaboration R&D Program - Status and Future Activities

ion, radiation, proton, experiment

117

P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The RaDIATE collaboration (Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments), founded in 2012, has grown to over 50 participants and 11 institutions globally. The primary objective is to harness existing expertise in nuclear materials and accelerator targets to generate new and useful materials data for application within the accelerator and fission/fusion communities. Current activities include post-irradiation examination of materials taken from existing beamlines (such as the NuMI primary beam window from Fermilab) as well as new irradiations of candidate target materials at low energy and high energy beam facilities. In addition, the program includes thermal shock experiments utilizing high intensity proton beam pulses available at the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Status of current RaDIATE activities as well as future plans will be discussed, including special focus on the upcoming RaDIATE irradiation at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer facility (BLIP) in which multiple materials of interest (e.g. beryllium, graphite, silicon, titanium, iridium) will simultaneously be exposed to 120 - 181 MeV proton beam to relevant radiation damage levels.

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MOPOB35

Design of the LBNF Beamline Target Station

ion, shielding, radiation, focusing

146

S. Tariq, K. Ammigan, K. Anderson, S.A. Buccellato, C.F. Crowley, B.D. Hartsell, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, P.H. Kasper, G.E. Krafczyk, A. Lee, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore, V. Papadimitriou, D. Pushka, I.L. Rakhno, S.D. Reitzner, V.I. Sidorov, A.M. Stefanik, I.S. Tropin, K. Vaziri, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C.J. Densham
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) project will build a beamline located at Fermilab to create and aim an intense neutrino beam of appropriate energy range toward the DUNE detectors at the SURF facility in Lead, South Dakota. Neutrino production starts in the Target Station, which consists of a solid target, magnetic focusing horns, and the associated sub-systems and shielding infrastructure. Protons hit the target producing mesons which are then focused by the horns into a helium-filled decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The target and horns are encased in actively cooled steel and concrete shielding in a chamber called the target chase. The reference design chase is filled with air, but nitrogen and helium are being evaluated as alternatives. A replaceable beam window separates the decay pipe from the target chase. The facility is designed for initial operation at 1.2 MW, with the ability to upgrade to 2.4 MW, and is taking advantage of the experience gained by operating Fermilab's NuMI facility. We discuss here the design status, associated challenges, and ongoing R&D and physics-driven component optimization of the Target Station.

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MOPOB61

Updates of Vertical Electropolishing Studies at Cornell with KEK and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd .

cathode, ion, cavity, SRF

208

F. Furuta, M. Ge, T. Gruber, J.J. Kaufman, M. Liepe, J. Sears
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
V. Chouhan, Y.I. Ida, K.N. Nii, T.Y. Yamaguchi
MGH, Hyogo-ken, Japan
H. Hayano, S. Kato, T. Saeki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Cornell, KEK, and Marui Galvanizing Co. Ltd (MGI) have started new Vertical Electro-Polishing (VEP) R&D collaboration in 2014. MGI and KEK has developed their original VEP cathode named 'i-cathode Ninja'® which has four retractable wing-shape parts per cell for single-/9-cell cavities. One single cell cavity had processed with VEP using i-cathode Ninja at Cornell. Cornell also performed the vertical test on that cavity. We will present the details of process and RF test result at Cornell.

Poster MOPOB61 [2.251 MB]

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TUA1IO03

Technological Challenges in the Path to 3.0 MW at the SNS Accelerator

ion, operation, neutron, rfq

246

K.W. Jones
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

This talk discusses the design and anticipated challenges associated with upgrading the SNS beam power from the original 1.4 MW baseline design to the upgrade goal of 3 MW.

Slides TUA1IO03 [22.843 MB]

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TUPOA10

Cyclotrons for Accelerator-Driven Systems

ion, cyclotron, proton, neutron

305

T.-Y. Lee, J. Lee, S. Shin
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
C.U. Choi, M. Chung
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

Accelerator-Driven system (ADS) can transmute long lived nuclear waste to short lived species. For this system to be fully realizable, a very stable high energy and high power proton beam (typically, 1 GeV beam energy and 10 MW beam power) is required, and preparing such a powerful and stable proton beam is very costly. Currently, the most promising candidate is superconducting linear accelerators. However, high power cyclotrons may be used for ADS particularly at the stage of demonstrating proof of principle of ADS. This paper discusses how cyclotrons can be used to demonstrate ADS.

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TUPOA13

First Test Run for High Density Material Imaging Experiment Using Relativistic Electron Beam at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator

ion, electron, experiment, diagnostics

311

Y.R. Wang
AAI/ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S. Cao, X.K. Shen, Z.M. Zhang, Q.T. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.Q. Qiu, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

A test facility, AWA, has been commissioned and in operation since last year. It can provide beam of several bunches in a train of nano-seconds and 10s of nC with energy up to 70 MeV. In addition, the AWA can accommodate various beamlines for experiments. One of the proposed experiments is to use the AWA beam as a diagnostics for time resolved high density material, typically a target with high Z and time dependent, imaging experiments. When electron beam scatters after passing through the target, and the angular and energy distribution of beam will depend on the density and thickness of the target. A small aperture is used to collimate the scattered electron beam for off axis particles, and the target image will be detected by imaging plate. By measuring the scatted angle and energy at the imaging plate would yield information of the target. In this paper, we report on the AWA electron imaging (EI) system setup, which consist of a target, imaging optics and drift transport. The AWA EI beam line was installed on June, 2016 and the first test run was performed on August, 2016. This work will have implication on the high energy density physics and even future nuclear fusion studies.

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TUPOB24

Optimization of Linear Induction Radiography Accelerator with Electron Beam with Energy Variation

ion, electron, solenoid, induction

546

Y.H. Wu, Y.J. Chen
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
The current interest for the next generation linear induction radiography accelerator (LIA) is to generate multiple electron beam pulses with high peak currents. The beam energy and current may vary from pulse to pulse. Conse-quently, the transport and control of multi-pulsing intense electron beams through a focus-ing lattice over a long distance on such machine becomes challenging. Simulation studies of multi-pulse LIAs using AMBER [1] and BREAKUP Code [2] are described. These include optimized focusing magnetic tune for beams with energy and current variations, and steering correction for corkscrew motion. The impact of energy variation and accelerating voltage error on radiograph performance are discussed.

Poster TUPOB24 [1.419 MB]

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TUPOB25

Unfolding Electron Beam Parameters Using Spot Size Measurement From Magnet Scan

ion, electron, emittance, beam-transport

549

Y.H. Wu, Y.J. Chen, J. Ellsworth
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
The Flash X-ray Radiography (FXR) [1] line-ar induction accelerator at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory produces x-ray bursts for radiographs. The machine is able to produce x-ray spot sizes less than 2mm. Using the spot sizes measured from the magnet scanning, the beam parameters are unfolded by modelling the FXR LINAC with the simulation code AMBER [2] and the envelope code XENV [3]. In this study, the most recent spot size measurement results and techniques used to extract the beam parameters are described. Using the unfolded beam parameters as the initial condition, the backstreaming ions' neutralization factor f = 0.3 is found by comparing the calculated spot sizes with measured spot sizes at the target.

Poster TUPOB25 [0.576 MB]

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WEPOA11

Frequency Manipulation of Half-Wave Resonators During Fabrication and Processing

ion, cavity, cryomodule, linac

710

Z.A. Conway, R.L. Fischer, C.S. Hopper, M. Kedzie, M.P. Kelly, S.H. Kim, P.N. Ostroumov, T. Reid
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
V.A. Lebedev, A. Lunin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76-CH03000 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Argonne National Laboratory is developing a super-conducting resonator cryomodule for the acceleration of 2 mA H⁻ beams from 2.1 to 10.3 MeV for Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory's Proton Improvement Plan II. The cryomodule contains 8 superconducting half-wave resonators operating at 162.500 MHz with a 120 kHz tuning window. This paper reviews the half-wave resonator fabrication techniques used to manipulate the resonant frequency to the design goal of 162.500 MHz at 2.0 K. This also determines the target frequency at select stages of resonator construction, which will be discussed and supported by measurements.
This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.

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WEPOA25

Fermilab Accelerator R&D Program Towards Intensity Frontier Accelerators: Status and Progress

ion, proton, radiation, cavity

745

V.D. Shiltsev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab actively carries out broad R&D program toward future Intensity Frontier accelerators which includes novel beam physics approaches tests in IOTA ring at FAST, research on cost-effective SRF and development of multi-MW beam targets. This presentation gives a high level overview of the program, motivation, status and progress.

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WEPOA26

Fermilab Muon Campus as a Potential Probe to Study Neutrino Physics

ion, detector, experiment, simulation

749

D. Stratakis, Z. Pavlovic
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J.M. Grange
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S-C. Kim
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
R. Miceli
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
J.A. Zennamo
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
In the next decade the Fermilab Muon Campus will host two world class experiments dedicated to the search for signals of new physics. The Muon g-2 experiment will determine with unprecedented precision the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The Mu2e experiment will improve by four orders of magnitude the sensitivity on the search for the as-yet unobserved Charged Lepton Flavor Violation process of a neutrinoless conversion of a muon to an electron. In this paper, we will discuss the possibility for extending the Muon Campus capabilities for neutrino research. With the aid of numerical simulations, we estimate the number of produced neutrinos at various locations along the beamlines as well along the Small Baseline Neutrino Detector which faces one of the straight sections of the delivery ring. Finally, we discuss diagnostics required for realistic implementation of the experiment.

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WEPOA29

Recent Experiments at NDCX-II: Irradiation of Materials Using Short, Intense Ion Beams

ion, experiment, plasma, focusing

755

P.A. Seidl, E. Feinberg, Q. Ji, B.A. Ludewigt, A. Persaud, T. Schenkel, M. Silverman, A.A. Sulyman, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
J.J. Barnard, A. Friedman, D.P. Grote
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
E.P. Gilson, I. Kaganovich, A.D. Stepanov
PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
F. Treffert, M. Zimmer
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC0205CH11231 (LBNL), DE-AC52- 07NA27344 (LLNL) and DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL).
We present an overview of the performance of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) accelerator at Berkeley Lab, and summarize recent studies of material properties created with nanosecond and millimeter-scale ion beam pulses. The scientific topics being explored include the dynamics of ion induced damage in materials, materials synthesis far from equilibrium, warm dense matter and intense beam-plasma physics. We summarize the improved accelerator performance, diagnostics and results of beam-induced irradiation of thin samples of, e.g., tin and silicon. Bunches with over 3x10¹⁰ ions, 1-mm radius, and 2-30 ns FWHM duration have been created. To achieve these short pulse durations and mm-scale focal spot radii, the 1.2 MeV He⁺ ion beam is neutralized in a drift compression section which removes the space charge defocusing effect during final compression and focusing. Quantitative comparison of detailed particle-in-cell simulations with the experiment play an important role in optimizing accelerator performance; these keep pace with the accelerator repetition rate of ~1/minute.

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WEPOA39

Theoretical and Numerical Study on Plasmon-Assisted Channeling Interactions in Nanostructures

ion, laser, plasma, acceleration

782

Y.-M. Shin
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the DOE contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 to the Fermi Research Alliance LLC.
A plasmon-assisted channeling acceleration can be realized with a large channel possibly in a nanometer scale. Carbon nanotubes are the most typical example of nano-channels that can confine a large amount of channeled particles and confined plasmon in a coupling condition. This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on the concept of the laser-driven surface-plasmon (SP) acceleration in a carbon nanotube (CNT) channel. Analytic description of the SP-assisted laser acceleration is detailed with practical acceleration parameters, in particular with specifications of a typical tabletop femto-second laser system. The maximally achievable acceleration gradients and energy gains within dephasing lengths and CNT lengths are discussed with respect to laser-incident angles and CNT-filling ratios.

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WEPOB49

LCLS Injector Laser Profile Shaping Using Digital Micromirror Device

laser, ion, electron, cathode

1001

S. Li
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
S.C. Alverson, D.K. Bohler, A.R. Fry, S. Gilevich, Z. Huang, A. Miahnahri, D.F. Ratner, J. Robinson, F. Zhou
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

In the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC, the injector laser plays an important role as the source of the electron beam for the Free Electron Laser (FEL). The emittance of the beam is highly related to the transverse profile of the injector laser. Currently the LCLS injector laser has undesired features, such as hot spots, which carry over to the electron beam. These undesired features increase electron emittance, degrade the FEL performance, and complicate operations. The injector laser shaping project at LCLS aims to produce arbitrary electron beam profiles, such as cut-Gaussian, uniform, and parabolic, and to study the effect of spatial profiles on beam emittance and FEL performance. Effectively it also allows easy transition between the two spare lasers, where the operators can use the spatial shaper to achieve identical profiles for the two lasers. In this paper, we describe the experimental methods to achieve laser profile shaping and electron beam profile shaping respectively, and demonstrate promising results.

Poster WEPOB49 [1.850 MB]

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THB2IO02

Production of Medical Isotopes With Electron Linacs

ion, radiation, electron, photon

1091

D.A. Rotsch, K. Alford, J.L. Bailey, D.L. Bowers, T. Brossard, M.A. Brown, S. Chemerisov, D. Ehst, J.P. Greene, R. Gromov, J.J. Grudzinski, L. Hafenrichter, A.S. Hebden, T.A. Heltemes, W.F. Henning, J. Jerden, C.D. Jonah, M. Kalensky, J.F. Krebs, V. Makarashvili, B.J. Micklich, J.A. Nolen, K.J. Quigley, J.F. Schneider, N.A. Smith, D.C. Stepinski, P. Tkac, G.F. Vandegrift, M. Virgo, K.A. Wesolowski, A.J. Youker
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Z. Sun
SCSU, Orangeburg, South Carolina, USA

Radioisotopes play important roles in numerous areas ranging from medical treatments to national security and basic research. Radionuclide production technology for medical applications has been pursued since the early 1900s both commercially and in nuclear science centers. Many medical isotopes are now in routine production and are used in day-to-day medical procedures. Despite these advancements, research is accelerating around the world to improve the existing production methodologies as well as to develop novel radionuclides for new medical applications. Electron linear accelerators (linacs) are unique sources of radioisotopes. Even though the basic technology has been around for decades, only recently have electron linacs capable of producing photons with sufficient energy and flux for radioisotope production become available. Housed in Argonne National Laboratory's building 211 is a newly upgraded 50 MeV/30-kW electron linear accelerator, capable of producing a wide range of radioisotopes. This talk will focus on the work being performed for the production of the medical isotopes 99Mo (99Mo/99mTc generator), 67Cu, and 47Sc.

Slides THB2IO02 [25.926 MB]

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THPOA26

Analysis of the Transport of Muon Polarization for the Fermilab G-2 Muon Experiment

ion, proton, experiment, polarization

1158

D. Stratakis, K.E. Badgley, M.E. Convery, J.P. Morgan, M.J. Syphers, J.C.T. Thangaraj
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J.D. Crnkovic, W. Morse
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
M.J. Syphers
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 ppb ─ a fourfold improvement over the 540 ppb precision obtained in BNL experiment E821. Obtaining this precision requires controlling total systematic errors at the 100 ppb level. One form of systematic error on the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment occurs when the muon beam injected and stored in the ring has a correlation between the muon's spin direction and its momentum. In this paper, we first analyze the creation and transport of muon polarization from the production target to the Muon g-2 storage ring. Then, we detail the spin-momentum and spin-orbit correlations and estimate their impact on the final measurement. Finally, we outline mitigation strategies that could potentially circumvent this problem.

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THB3IO01

Development of a High Brightness Source for Fast Neutron Imaging*

ion, neutron, optics, linac

1260

B. Rusnak, S.G. Anderson, D.L. Bleuel, M.L. Crank, P. Fitsos, D.J. Gibson, M. Hall, M.S. Johnson, R.A. Marsh, J.D. Sain, R. Souza, A. Wiedrick
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: *This work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab is developing an intense, high-brightness fast neutron source to create high resolution neutron radiographs and images. An intense source (10¹¹ n/s/sr at 0 degrees) of fast neutrons (10 MeV) allows: penetrating very thick, dense objects; maintaining high scintillator response efficiency; and remaining below the air activation threshold for (n,p) reactions. Fast neutrons will be produced using a pulsed 7 MeV, 300 microamp average-current commercial ion accelerator that will deliver deuterons to a 3 atmosphere deuterium gas cell. To achieve high resolution, a small (1.5 mm diameter) beam spot size will be used, and to reduce scattering from lower energy neutrons, a transmission gas cell will be used to produce a quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam. Because of the high power density of such a tightly focused, modest-energy ion beam, the gas target is a major engineering challenge that combines a 'windowless' rotating aperture, a rotary valve to meter cross-flowing high pressure gases, a novel gas beam stop, and recirculating gas compressor systems. A summary of the progress of the system design and building effort shall be presented.

Slides THB3IO01 [6.998 MB]

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THB3CO03

Thermoacoustic Range Verification for Ion Therapy

ion, proton, cavity, cyclotron

1265

S.K. Patch, Y.M. Qadadha
UWM, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
R. Albright, P. Bloemhard, K. Campbell, A.P. Donoghue, T.L. Gimpel, A. Jackson, M.B. Johnson, M. Kireeff Covo, B. Ninemire, L. Phair, C.R. Siero, S.M. Small
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: We acknowledge support from a UWM Intramural Instrumentation Grant and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The potential of particle therapy due to focused dose deposition in the Bragg peak has not yet been fully realized due to inaccuracies in range verification. We report correlation of the Bragg peak location with target structure, by overlaying thermoacoustic localization of the Bragg peak onto a standard ultrasound image. Pulsed delivery of 50 MeV protons was accomplished by a fast chopper installed between the ion source and the inflector of the 88" cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. 2 Gy were delivered in 2 μs by a beam with peak current of 2 μA. Thermoacoustic emissions were detected by a clinical ultrasound array, which also generated a grayscale ultrasound image. Data was collected in a room temperature water bath and gelatin phantom with a cavity designed to mimic the intestine, where gas pockets can displace the Bragg peak. Experiments were performed with the cavity both empty and filled with olive oil. In the waterbath overlays of the Bragg peak agreed with Monte Carlo simulations to within 800±170 μm. Agreement within 1.3 ± 0.2 mm was achieved in the gelatin phantom, for which stopping power was estimated to first order from CT scans.

Slides THB3CO03 [1.156 MB]

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FRB2IO03

GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition

ion, neutron, proton, simulation

1300

M.A. Cummings, R.J. Abrams, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA

Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEMSTAR , a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement **. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD.

Slides FRB2IO03 [8.681 MB]

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