NAPAC2016 - List of Keywords (undulator)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA3CO04	Operational Experience with Fast Fiber-Optic Beam Loss Monitors for the Advanced Photon Source Storage Ring Superconducting Undulators	ion, operation, site, kicker	28
	J.C. Dooling, K.C. Harkay, V. Sajaev, H. Shang ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. Fast fiber-optic (FFO) beam loss monitors (BLMs) installed with the first two superconducting undulators (SCUs) in the Advanced Photon Source storage ring have proven to be a useful diagnostic for measuring deposited charge (energy) during rapid beam loss events. The first set of FFOBLMs were installed outside the cryostat of the short SCU, a 0.33-m long device, above and below the beam centerline. The second set are mounted with the first 1.1-m-long SCU within the cryostat, on the outboard and inboard sides of the vacuum chamber. The next 1.1-m-long SCU is scheduled to replace the short SCU later in 2016 and will be fitted with FFOBLMs in a manner similar to original 1.1-m device. The FFOBLMs were employed to set timing and voltage for the abort kicker (AK) system. The AK helps to prevent quenching of the SCUs during beam dumps* by directing the beam away from the SC magnet windings. The AK is triggered by the Machine Protection System (MPS). In cases when the AK fails to prevent quenching, the FFOBLMs show that losses often begin before detection by the MPS. K. Harkay et al., these proceedings
	Slides MOA3CO04 [1.188 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOA3CO04
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MOPOB10	Design of the HGVPU Undulator Vacuum Chamber for LCLS-II	ion, vacuum, alignment, operation	89
	J.E. Lerch, J.A. Carter, P.K. Den Hartog, G.E. Wiemerslage ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	A vacuum chamber has been designed and prototyped for the new Horizontal Gap Vertically Polarization Undulator (HGVPU) as part of the LCLS-II upgrade project. Numerous functional requirements for the HGVPU assembly constrained the vacuum chamber design. These constraints included spatial restrictions to achieve small magnet gaps, narrow temperature and alignment specifications, and minimization of wall erosion and pressure drop within the cooling channels. This led to the design of a 3.5-meter length, thin walled, extruded aluminium chamber with interior water cooling. FEA stress analysis was performed to ensure the chamber will not fail under vacuum and water pressure. A cooling scheme was optimized to ensure water flow is sufficient to maintain temperature without the risk of erosion and to minimize pres-sure drop across the chamber.
	Poster MOPOB10 [60.628 MB]
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TUB1CO02	Operating Synchrotron Light Sources with a High Gain Free Electron Laser	ion, FEL, electron, emittance	259
	S. Di Mitri, M. Cornacchia Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
	The peak current required by a high gain free electron laser (FEL) is not deemed to be compatible with the multi-bunch filling pattern of synchrotrons. We show that this problem can be overcome by virtue of magnetic bunch length compression in a ring section and that, after lasing, the beam returns to equilibrium conditions without beam quality disruption. As a consequence of bunch length compression, the peak current stimulates a high gain FEL emission, while the large energy spread makes the beam less sensitive to the FEL heating and to the microwave instability. The beam large energy spread is matched to the FEL energy bandwidth through a transverse gradient undulator. Feasibility of lasing at 25 nm is shown for the Elettra synchrotron light source (SLS) at 1 GeV. Viable scenarios for the upgrade of existing or planned SLSs to the new hybrid insertion devices-plus-FEL operational mode are discussed, while ensuring little impact on the standard beamlines functionality. S. Di Mitri and M. Cornacchia, NJP 17 (2015) 113006
	Slides TUB1CO02 [2.353 MB]
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TUB1CO03	ALS-U: A Soft X-Ray Diffraction Limited Light Source	ion, emittance, injection, impedance	263
	C. Steier, A. Anders, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, H. Nishimura, T. Oliver, J.R. Osborn, H.A. Padmore, G.C. Pappas, S. Persichelli, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, M. Venturini, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan, Y.C. Yang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source (ALS-U). The upgrade proposal will reuse much of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. We will report on the accelerator design progress as well as the details of the ongoing R+D program.
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TUB2CO04	Corrugated Structure Insertion to Extend SASE Bandwidth Up to 3% at the European XFEL	ion, radiation, FEL, electron	293
	I. Zagorodnov, G. Feng, T. Limberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The usage of x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in femtosecond nanocrystallography involves sequential illumination of many small crystals of arbitrary orientation. Hence a wide radiation bandwidth could be useful in order to obtain and to index a larger number of Bragg peaks used for determination of crystal orientation. Considering the baseline configuration of the European XFEL in Hamburg, and based on beam dynamics simulations, we demonstrate here that usage of corrugated structures allows for a considerable increase in radiation bandwidth. It allows for data collection with a 3% bandwidth, a few micrjoule radiation pulse energy, a few fs pulse duration, and a photon energy 4.1 keV.
	Slides TUB2CO04 [5.848 MB]
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TUPOA47	Development of Short Undulators for Electron-Beam-Radiation Interaction Studies	ion, radiation, laser, electron	380
	P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.B. Andorf, G. Fagerberg, M. Figora Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US DOE contract DE-SC0013761 with Northern Illinois University Interaction of an electron beam with external field or its own radiation has widespread applications ranging from coherent radiation generation, phase space cooling or formation of time-structured beam. An efficient coupling mechanism between an electron beam and radiation field relies on the use of a magnetic undulator. In this contribution we detail the construction and magnetic measurements of short (11 period) undulators with 7-cm period built using parts of the ALADDIN U3 undulator. Possible use of these undulators at two accelerator test facilities to support experiment relevant to cooling techniques and radiation souces are discussed. F. C. Younger, W. Jorge Pearce, B. Ng, Nucl. Instrum. Meth Phys. Res. A 347, pp. 96-101 (1994).
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TUB4CO04	Progress on the Magnetic Performance of Planar Superconducting Undulators	ion, photon, quadrupole, octupole	477
	M. Kasa, C.L. Doose, J.D. Fuerst, E. Gluskin, Y. Ivanyushenkov ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. One of the primary goals of the superconducting undulator (SCU) program at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is to achieve a high quality undulator magnetic field without the need for magnetic shimming to tune the device. Over the course of two years, two SCUs were designed, manufactured, assembled, and tested at the APS. Both SCUs were one meter in length with a period of 1.8 cm. After magnetic measurements of the first undulator were completed, several design changes were made in order to improve the quality of the undulator magnetic field. The design modifications were implemented during construction and assembly of the second SCU. The details of the design modifications along with a comparison of the magnetic measurement results will be described.
	Slides TUB4CO04 [6.426 MB]
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WEPOA38	Optically Based Diagnostics for Optical Stochastic Cooling	ion, pick-up, kicker, radiation	779
	M.B. Andorf Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA V.A. Lebedev, P. Piot, J. Ruan Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	An Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment with electrons is planned in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring currently in construction at Fermilab. OSC requires timing the arrival of an electron and its radiation generated from the upstream pickup undulator into the downstream kicker undulator to a precision on the order of less than a fs. The interference of the pickup and kicker radiation suggests a way to diagnose the arrival time to the required precision.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOA38
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WEPOB06	Parameterization of Helical Superconducting Undulator Magnetic Field*	ion, software, factory, radiation	894
	S.H. Kim ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Using a scaling law, the magnetic fields of helical superconducting undulators (HSCUs) for a period range of 10 ' 50 mm are parameterized from the field calculations of one reference HSCU with a period of 30 mm. The on-axis fields are calculated at the critical current densities of the NbTi and Nb3Sn superconducting coils at 4.2 K. The parametrized on-axis fields for the period range are expressed in terms of the period and inner radius of the helical coils. The corresponding critical current densities and coil maximum fields are also included. The parameterization procedures are described in detail and some field deviations are discussed. *Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Associate of Seville, Advanced Photon Source 'shkim@aps.anl.gov, shkim242@gmail.com
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WEPOB07	Dielectrically-Loaded Waveguide as a Short Period Superconducting Microwave Undulator	ion, operation, GUI, brightness	897
	R. Kustom, A. Nassiri, K.J. Suthar, G.J. Waldschmidt ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	The HEM12 mode in a cylindrical, dielectrically-loaded waveguide provides E and H fields on the central axis that are significantly higher than the fields on the conducting walls. The waveguide is designed to operate near its cutoff frequency where the wavelength and phase velocity vary significantly to enable tuning of the equivalent undulator wavelength. The operating frequency would range from 18 - 24 GHz. It would be possible to generate coherent, high-energy 45 - 65 KeV x-rays from the fundamental mode which are tunable over a 20% energy range by changing the source frequency while maintaining constant field strengths. The x-ray brilliance of the microwave undulator would be 3 times higher at 56-KeV and 7 times higher at 66 KeV than what is available with the APS 1.8 cm period Superconducting Wire Undulator. Since the loss factor of sapphire is very low at cryogenic temperatures, it is possible to consider a superconducting microwave undulator, although resistive losses of ~200 to 700 W/m may be a bit too high for CW operation.
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WEPOB10	Simulation Study of the Helical Superconducting Undulator Installation at the Advanced Photon Source	ion, lattice, sextupole, injection	907
	V. Sajaev, M. Borland, Y.P. Sun, A. Xiao ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A helical superconducting undulator is planned for installation at the APS. Such an installation would be first of its kind – helical devices were never installed in synchrotron light sources before. Due to its reduced horizontal aperture, a lattice modification is required to accommodate for large horizontal oscillations during injection. We describe the lattice change details and show the new lattice experimental test results. To understand the effect of the undulator on single-particle dynamics, first, its kick maps were computed using different methods. We have found that often-used Elleaume formula* for kick maps gives wrong results for this undulator. We then used the kick maps obtained by other methods to simulate the effect of the undulator on injection and lifetime. *P. Elleaume, EPAC 1992
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WEPOB23	Performance of the Full-Length Vertical Polarizing Undulator Prototype for LCLS-II	ion, FEL, operation, electron	946
	N.O. Strelnikov, E. Gluskin, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 As part of the LCLS-II R&D program, a novel 3.4-meter long undulator prototype with horizontal main magnetic field and dynamic force compensation - called the horizontal gap vertical polarization undulator (HGVPU) - has recently been developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Initial steps of the project included designing, building, and a testing 0.8-meter long prototype. Extensive mechanical testing of the HGVPU has been carried out. The magnetic tuning was accomplished by applying a set of magnetic shims. As a result, the performance of the HGVPU meets all the stringent requirements for the LCLS-II insertion device, which includes limits on the field integrals and phase errors for all operational gaps, as well as the reproducibility and accuracy of the gap settings. The HGVPU has been included in the baseline of the LCLS-II project for the hard x-ray undulator line.
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WEPOB36	Upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as a Synchrotron Light Source	ion, lattice, injection, emittance	980
	D. L. Rubin, J.A. Crittenden, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: NSF-DMR 13-32208 The planned upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as an X-ray source for CHESS will include an increase in beam energy and decrease in emittance from 100 nm-rad at 5.3 GeV to 30 nm-rad at 6 GeV, increase in beam current from 120 to 200 mA, continuous top-off injection of the single circulating beam, and four new zero dispersion inser- tion straights that can each accommodate a pair of canted undulators. The existing sextant of the storage ring arc that serves as the source for all of the CHESS X-ray beam lines will be reconfigured with 6 double-bend achromats, each consisting of two pairs of horizontally focusing quadrupoles, and a single pair of combined-function gradient bend magnets. The chromaticity will be compensated by the existing sextupoles in the legacy FODO arcs. We describe details of the linear optics, sextupole distributions to maximize dynamic aperture and injection efficiency, and characterization of magnetic field and alignment error tolerance.
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WEPOB47	Development of a Short Period Cryogenic Undulator at RadiaBeam	ion, cryogenics, electron, simulation	995
	F.H. O'Shea, R.B. Agustsson, Y.C. Chen, A.J. Palmowski, E. Spranza RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by DOE under contracts DE-SC0006288 and NNSA SSAA DE-NA0001979. RadiaBeam Technologies has developed a 7-mm period length cryogenic undulator prototype to test fabrications techniques in cryogenic undulator production. We present here our first prototype, the production techniques used to fabricate it, its magnetic performance at room temperature and the temperature uniformity after cool down.
	Poster WEPOB47 [2.725 MB]
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WEPOB48	THz and Sub-THz Capabilities of a Table-Top Radiation Source Driven by an RF Thermionic Electron Gun	ion, radiation, electron, experiment	998
	A.V. Smirnov, R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, T.J. Campese, Y.C. Chen, J.J. Hartzell, B.T. Jacobson, A.Y. Murokh, F.H. O'Shea, E. Spranza RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA W. Berg, M. Borland, J.C. Dooling, L. Erwin, R.R. Lindberg, S.J. Pasky, N. Sereno, Y. Sun, A. Zholents ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA W. Bruns WBFB, Berlin, Germany M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (award No. DE-SC-FOA-0007702). Design features and experimental results are presented for a sub-mm wave source [1] based on APS RF thermionic electron gun. The setup includes compact alpha-magnet, quadrupoles, sub-mm-wave radiators, and THz optics. The sub-THz radiator is a planar, oversized structure with gratings. Source upgrade for generation frequencies above 1 THz is discussed. The THz radiator will use a short-period undulator having 1 T field amplitude, ~20 cm length, and integrated with a low-loss oversized waveguide. Both radiators are integrated with a miniature horn antenna and a small ~90°-degree in-vacuum bending magnet. The electron beamline is designed to operate different modes including conversion to a flat beam interacting efficiently with the radiator. The source can be used for cancer diagnostics, surface defectoscopy, and non-destructive testing. Sub-THz experiment demonstrated a good potential of a robust, table-top system for generation of a narrow bandwidth THz radiation. This setup can be considered as a prototype of a compact, laser-free, flexible source capable of generation of long trains of Sub-THz and THz pulses with repetition rates not available with laser-driven sources. [1] A. V. Smirnov, R. Agustsson, W. J. Berg et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18, 090703(2015)
	Poster WEPOB48 [1.335 MB]
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WEPOB53	Computation of Synchrotron Radiation	ion, radiation, simulation, synchrotron	1005
	D.A. Hidas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	This presentation introduces a new open-source software development for the computation of radiation from charged particles and beams in magnetic and electric fields. The computations are valid in the near-field regime for both relativistic and non-relativistic scenarios. This project is being developed, and is currently in use, at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source II. Primary applications include, but are not limited to, the computation of spectra, photon flux densities, and power density distributions from undulators, wigglers, and bending magnets on arbitrary shaped surfaces in 3D making possible detailed study of sensitive accelerator and beam-line equipment. Application interfaces are available in Python, Mathematica, and C. Practical use cases are demonstrated and benchmarked. Additionally, future upgrades will be elaborated on.
	Poster WEPOB53 [27.003 MB]
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WEPOB57	Magnetic Optimization of Long EPUs at NSLS-II	ion, MMI, insertion-device, insertion	1018
	C.A. Kitegi, P.L. Cappadoro, O.V. Chubar, T.M. Corwin, H.C. Fernandes, D.A. Harder, D.A. Hidas, W. Licciardi, M. Musardo, J. Rank, C. Rhein, T. Tanabe BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The Soft Inelastic X-ray scattering (SIX) and the Elec-tron-Spectro-Microscopy (ESM) are two beamlines under construction at National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II). The specifics of these two beamlines requested the use of two long Advanced Planar Polarized Light Emitter-II (APPLE-II) undulators, as a source that provides circularly and vertically polarized radiation. Thus we designed 3.5 m and 2.7m long APPLE-II type undulators for SIX and ESM. The NSLS-II ID group is responsible for the magnetic optimization of these two long undulators. In this paper, we first summarize the APPLE-II magnetic and mechanical design. Then, we discuss the magnetic performance of the first APPLE-II achieved with the shimming performed at BNL.
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THA1CO05	Thermal Modeling and Cryogenic Design of a Helical Superconducting Undulator Cryostat	ion, cryogenics, operation, radiation	1064
	Y. Shiroyanagi, J.D. Fuerst, Q.B. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	A conceptual design for a helical superconducting undulator (HSCU) for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been completed. The device differs sufficiently from the existing APS planar superconducting undulator (SCU) design to warrant development of a new cryostat based on value engineering and lessons learned from the existing planar SCU. Changes include optimization of the existing cryocooler-based refrigeration system and thermal shield as well as cost reduction through the use of standard vacuum hardware. The end result is a design that provides significantly larger 4.2 K refrigeration margin in a smaller package for greater installation flexibility in the APS storage ring. This paper presents ANSYS-based thermal analysis of the cryostat, including estimated static and dynamic (beam-induced) heating, and compares the new design with the existing planar SCU cryostat. Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
	Slides THA1CO05 [3.905 MB]
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THA1CO06	Status of the Development of Superconducting Undulators for Storage Rings and Free Electron Lasers at the Advanced Photon Source	ion, photon, vacuum, operation	1068
	Y. Ivanyushenkov, C.L. Doose, J.F. Fuerst, E. Gluskin, K.C. Harkay, Q.B. Hasse, M. Kasa, Y. Shiroyanagi, D. Skiadopoulos, E. Trakhtenberg ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA P. Emma SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Development of superconducting undulator (SCU) technology continues at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Experience of building and successful operation of the first short-length, 16-mm period length superconducting undulator SCU0 paved a way for the second 1-m long, 18-mm period device, SCU1, which is in operation since May 2015. The APS SCU team has also built and tested a 1.5-m long, 21-mm period undulator as a part of LCLS SCU R&D program aiming at demonstration of SCU technology availability for free electron lasers. This undulator successfully achieved all the requirements including a phase error of 5 degree rms. Our team is currently completing one more 1-m, 18-mm period undulator that will replace the SCU0. We are also working on a helical SCU for the APS. The status of these projects will be presented.
	Slides THA1CO06 [3.545 MB]
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THPOA32	Sensitivity of the Microbunching Instability to Irregularities in Cathode Current in the LCLS-II Beam Delivery System	ion, cathode, bunching, emittance	1171
	C.E. Mitchell, J. Qiang, M. Venturini LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA P. Emma SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the LCLS-II Project. LCLS-II is a high-repetition rate (1 MHz) Free Electron Laser (FEL) X-ray light source now under construction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. During transport to the FEL undulators, the electron beam is subject to a space charge-driven microbunching instability that can degrade the electron beam quality and lower the FEL performance if left uncontrolled. The present LCLS-II design is well-optimized to control the growth of this instability out of the electron beam shot noise. However, the instability may also be seeded by irregularities in the beam current profile at the cathode (due to non-uniformities in the temporal profile of the photogun drive laser pulse). In this paper, we describe the sensitivity of the microbunching instability to small-amplitude temporal modulations on the emitted beam current profile at the cathode, using high-resolution simulations of the LCLS-II beam delivery system.
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THPOA69	Evolution of the Design of the Magnet Structure for the APS Planar Superconducting Undulators	ion, photon, insertion-device, insertion	1245
	E. Trakhtenberg, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 Abstract A number of superconducting planar undulators (SCU) with different pole gaps and periods were designed, manufactured, and successfully operated at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring. A key component of the project is the precision machining of the magnet structure and the precision of the coil winding. The design of the magnet core had a number of modifications during the evolution of the design in order to achieve the best magnetic performance. The current design of the magnet structure is based on the assembled jaws with individual poles, while previous designs utilized solid cores with machined coil grooves. The winding procedure also changed from the first test cores to the current final design. Details of the magnet structure's design, manufacturing, winding and jaw assembly, and changes made from the first prototype system to the production unit, are presented. [1] Status of the First Planar Superconducting Undulator for the Advanced Photon Source, Y. Ivanyushenkov, E.M. Trakhtenberg et al., Proc. in IPAC-2012, New Orleans, May 2012.
	Poster THPOA69 [1.287 MB]
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FRA1CO03	An Ultra-High Resolution Pulsed-Wire Magnet Measurement System	ion, radiation, experiment, FEL	1268
	A. D'Audney, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
	The performance of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) depends in part on the quality of the magnetic field in the undulator. Imperfections in the magnetic field of an undulator lead to an imperfect electron trajectory, both offset and angle, as well as a relative phase error between the oscillation phase of the electrons and the generated electromagnetic field. The result of such errors is a reduction of laser gain impacting overall FEL performance. A pulsed-wire method can be used to determine the profile of the magnetic field. This is achieved by sending a square-current pulse through a wire placed along the length of the axis that will induce a Lorentz-force interaction with the magnetic field. Measurement of the resulting displacement in the wire over time using a motion detector yields the first or second integrals of the magnetic field and so provides a measure of the local magnetic field strength. Dispersion in the wire can be corrected using algorithms, with a resulting increase in overall accuracy of the measurement. We have designed, constructed and tested a pulsed-wire magnetic measurement system and used this system to characterize the CSU FEL undulator.
	Slides FRA1CO03 [4.318 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-FRA1CO03
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Paper

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Operational Experience with Fast Fiber-Optic Beam Loss Monitors for the Advanced Photon Source Storage Ring Superconducting Undulators

ion, operation, site, kicker

28

J.C. Dooling, K.C. Harkay, V. Sajaev, H. Shang
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Fast fiber-optic (FFO) beam loss monitors (BLMs) installed with the first two superconducting undulators (SCUs) in the Advanced Photon Source storage ring have proven to be a useful diagnostic for measuring deposited charge (energy) during rapid beam loss events. The first set of FFOBLMs were installed outside the cryostat of the short SCU, a 0.33-m long device, above and below the beam centerline. The second set are mounted with the first 1.1-m-long SCU within the cryostat, on the outboard and inboard sides of the vacuum chamber. The next 1.1-m-long SCU is scheduled to replace the short SCU later in 2016 and will be fitted with FFOBLMs in a manner similar to original 1.1-m device. The FFOBLMs were employed to set timing and voltage for the abort kicker (AK) system. The AK helps to prevent quenching of the SCUs during beam dumps* by directing the beam away from the SC magnet windings. The AK is triggered by the Machine Protection System (MPS). In cases when the AK fails to prevent quenching, the FFOBLMs show that losses often begin before detection by the MPS.
K. Harkay et al., these proceedings

Slides MOA3CO04 [1.188 MB]

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MOPOB10

Design of the HGVPU Undulator Vacuum Chamber for LCLS-II

ion, vacuum, alignment, operation

89

J.E. Lerch, J.A. Carter, P.K. Den Hartog, G.E. Wiemerslage
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

A vacuum chamber has been designed and prototyped for the new Horizontal Gap Vertically Polarization Undulator (HGVPU) as part of the LCLS-II upgrade project. Numerous functional requirements for the HGVPU assembly constrained the vacuum chamber design. These constraints included spatial restrictions to achieve small magnet gaps, narrow temperature and alignment specifications, and minimization of wall erosion and pressure drop within the cooling channels. This led to the design of a 3.5-meter length, thin walled, extruded aluminium chamber with interior water cooling. FEA stress analysis was performed to ensure the chamber will not fail under vacuum and water pressure. A cooling scheme was optimized to ensure water flow is sufficient to maintain temperature without the risk of erosion and to minimize pres-sure drop across the chamber.

Poster MOPOB10 [60.628 MB]

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TUB1CO02

Operating Synchrotron Light Sources with a High Gain Free Electron Laser

ion, FEL, electron, emittance

259

S. Di Mitri, M. Cornacchia
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy

The peak current required by a high gain free electron laser (FEL) is not deemed to be compatible with the multi-bunch filling pattern of synchrotrons. We show that this problem can be overcome by virtue of magnetic bunch length compression in a ring section and that, after lasing, the beam returns to equilibrium conditions without beam quality disruption*. As a consequence of bunch length compression, the peak current stimulates a high gain FEL emission, while the large energy spread makes the beam less sensitive to the FEL heating and to the microwave instability. The beam large energy spread is matched to the FEL energy bandwidth through a transverse gradient undulator. Feasibility of lasing at 25 nm is shown for the Elettra synchrotron light source (SLS) at 1 GeV. Viable scenarios for the upgrade of existing or planned SLSs to the new hybrid insertion devices-plus-FEL operational mode are discussed, while ensuring little impact on the standard beamlines functionality.
* S. Di Mitri and M. Cornacchia, NJP 17 (2015) 113006

Slides TUB1CO02 [2.353 MB]

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TUB1CO03

ALS-U: A Soft X-Ray Diffraction Limited Light Source

ion, emittance, injection, impedance

263

C. Steier, A. Anders, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, H. Nishimura, T. Oliver, J.R. Osborn, H.A. Padmore, G.C. Pappas, S. Persichelli, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, M. Venturini, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan, Y.C. Yang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source (ALS-U). The upgrade proposal will reuse much of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. We will report on the accelerator design progress as well as the details of the ongoing R+D program.

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TUB2CO04

Corrugated Structure Insertion to Extend SASE Bandwidth Up to 3% at the European XFEL

ion, radiation, FEL, electron

293

I. Zagorodnov, G. Feng, T. Limberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The usage of x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in femtosecond nanocrystallography involves sequential illumination of many small crystals of arbitrary orientation. Hence a wide radiation bandwidth could be useful in order to obtain and to index a larger number of Bragg peaks used for determination of crystal orientation. Considering the baseline configuration of the European XFEL in Hamburg, and based on beam dynamics simulations, we demonstrate here that usage of corrugated structures allows for a considerable increase in radiation bandwidth. It allows for data collection with a 3% bandwidth, a few micrjoule radiation pulse energy, a few fs pulse duration, and a photon energy 4.1 keV.

Slides TUB2CO04 [5.848 MB]

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TUPOA47

Development of Short Undulators for Electron-Beam-Radiation Interaction Studies

ion, radiation, laser, electron

380

P. Piot
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.B. Andorf, G. Fagerberg, M. Figora
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US DOE contract DE-SC0013761 with Northern Illinois University
Interaction of an electron beam with external field or its own radiation has widespread applications ranging from coherent radiation generation, phase space cooling or formation of time-structured beam. An efficient coupling mechanism between an electron beam and radiation field relies on the use of a magnetic undulator. In this contribution we detail the construction and magnetic measurements of short (11 period) undulators with 7-cm period built using parts of the ALADDIN U3 undulator*. Possible use of these undulators at two accelerator test facilities to support experiment relevant to cooling techniques and radiation souces are discussed.
* F. C. Younger, W. Jorge Pearce, B. Ng, Nucl. Instrum. Meth Phys. Res. A 347, pp. 96-101 (1994).

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TUB4CO04

Progress on the Magnetic Performance of Planar Superconducting Undulators

ion, photon, quadrupole, octupole

477

M. Kasa, C.L. Doose, J.D. Fuerst, E. Gluskin, Y. Ivanyushenkov
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
One of the primary goals of the superconducting undulator (SCU) program at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is to achieve a high quality undulator magnetic field without the need for magnetic shimming to tune the device. Over the course of two years, two SCUs were designed, manufactured, assembled, and tested at the APS. Both SCUs were one meter in length with a period of 1.8 cm. After magnetic measurements of the first undulator were completed, several design changes were made in order to improve the quality of the undulator magnetic field. The design modifications were implemented during construction and assembly of the second SCU. The details of the design modifications along with a comparison of the magnetic measurement results will be described.

Slides TUB4CO04 [6.426 MB]

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WEPOA38

Optically Based Diagnostics for Optical Stochastic Cooling

ion, pick-up, kicker, radiation

779

M.B. Andorf
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
V.A. Lebedev, P. Piot, J. Ruan
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

An Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment with electrons is planned in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring currently in construction at Fermilab. OSC requires timing the arrival of an electron and its radiation generated from the upstream pickup undulator into the downstream kicker undulator to a precision on the order of less than a fs. The interference of the pickup and kicker radiation suggests a way to diagnose the arrival time to the required precision.

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WEPOB06

Parameterization of Helical Superconducting Undulator Magnetic Field*

ion, software, factory, radiation

894

S.H. Kim
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Using a scaling law, the magnetic fields of helical superconducting undulators (HSCUs) for a period range of 10 ' 50 mm are parameterized from the field calculations of one reference HSCU with a period of 30 mm. The on-axis fields are calculated at the critical current densities of the NbTi and Nb3Sn superconducting coils at 4.2 K. The parametrized on-axis fields for the period range are expressed in terms of the period and inner radius of the helical coils. The corresponding critical current densities and coil maximum fields are also included. The parameterization procedures are described in detail and some field deviations are discussed.
*Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Associate of Seville, Advanced Photon Source
'shkim@aps.anl.gov, shkim242@gmail.com

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WEPOB07

Dielectrically-Loaded Waveguide as a Short Period Superconducting Microwave Undulator

ion, operation, GUI, brightness

897

R. Kustom, A. Nassiri, K.J. Suthar, G.J. Waldschmidt
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

The HEM12 mode in a cylindrical, dielectrically-loaded waveguide provides E and H fields on the central axis that are significantly higher than the fields on the conducting walls. The waveguide is designed to operate near its cutoff frequency where the wavelength and phase velocity vary significantly to enable tuning of the equivalent undulator wavelength. The operating frequency would range from 18 - 24 GHz. It would be possible to generate coherent, high-energy 45 - 65 KeV x-rays from the fundamental mode which are tunable over a 20% energy range by changing the source frequency while maintaining constant field strengths. The x-ray brilliance of the microwave undulator would be 3 times higher at 56-KeV and 7 times higher at 66 KeV than what is available with the APS 1.8 cm period Superconducting Wire Undulator. Since the loss factor of sapphire is very low at cryogenic temperatures, it is possible to consider a superconducting microwave undulator, although resistive losses of ~200 to 700 W/m may be a bit too high for CW operation.

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WEPOB10

Simulation Study of the Helical Superconducting Undulator Installation at the Advanced Photon Source

ion, lattice, sextupole, injection

907

V. Sajaev, M. Borland, Y.P. Sun, A. Xiao
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A helical superconducting undulator is planned for installation at the APS. Such an installation would be first of its kind – helical devices were never installed in synchrotron light sources before. Due to its reduced horizontal aperture, a lattice modification is required to accommodate for large horizontal oscillations during injection. We describe the lattice change details and show the new lattice experimental test results. To understand the effect of the undulator on single-particle dynamics, first, its kick maps were computed using different methods. We have found that often-used Elleaume formula* for kick maps gives wrong results for this undulator. We then used the kick maps obtained by other methods to simulate the effect of the undulator on injection and lifetime.
*P. Elleaume, EPAC 1992

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WEPOB23

Performance of the Full-Length Vertical Polarizing Undulator Prototype for LCLS-II

ion, FEL, operation, electron

946

N.O. Strelnikov, E. Gluskin, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
As part of the LCLS-II R&D program, a novel 3.4-meter long undulator prototype with horizontal main magnetic field and dynamic force compensation - called the horizontal gap vertical polarization undulator (HGVPU) - has recently been developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Initial steps of the project included designing, building, and a testing 0.8-meter long prototype. Extensive mechanical testing of the HGVPU has been carried out. The magnetic tuning was accomplished by applying a set of magnetic shims. As a result, the performance of the HGVPU meets all the stringent requirements for the LCLS-II insertion device, which includes limits on the field integrals and phase errors for all operational gaps, as well as the reproducibility and accuracy of the gap settings. The HGVPU has been included in the baseline of the LCLS-II project for the hard x-ray undulator line.

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WEPOB36

Upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as a Synchrotron Light Source

ion, lattice, injection, emittance

980

D. L. Rubin, J.A. Crittenden, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: NSF-DMR 13-32208
The planned upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as an X-ray source for CHESS will include an increase in beam energy and decrease in emittance from 100 nm-rad at 5.3 GeV to 30 nm-rad at 6 GeV, increase in beam current from 120 to 200 mA, continuous top-off injection of the single circulating beam, and four new zero dispersion inser- tion straights that can each accommodate a pair of canted undulators. The existing sextant of the storage ring arc that serves as the source for all of the CHESS X-ray beam lines will be reconfigured with 6 double-bend achromats, each consisting of two pairs of horizontally focusing quadrupoles, and a single pair of combined-function gradient bend magnets. The chromaticity will be compensated by the existing sextupoles in the legacy FODO arcs. We describe details of the linear optics, sextupole distributions to maximize dynamic aperture and injection efficiency, and characterization of magnetic field and alignment error tolerance.

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WEPOB47

Development of a Short Period Cryogenic Undulator at RadiaBeam

ion, cryogenics, electron, simulation

995

F.H. O'Shea, R.B. Agustsson, Y.C. Chen, A.J. Palmowski, E. Spranza
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by DOE under contracts DE-SC0006288 and NNSA SSAA DE-NA0001979.
RadiaBeam Technologies has developed a 7-mm period length cryogenic undulator prototype to test fabrications techniques in cryogenic undulator production. We present here our first prototype, the production techniques used to fabricate it, its magnetic performance at room temperature and the temperature uniformity after cool down.

Poster WEPOB47 [2.725 MB]

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WEPOB48

THz and Sub-THz Capabilities of a Table-Top Radiation Source Driven by an RF Thermionic Electron Gun

ion, radiation, electron, experiment

998

A.V. Smirnov, R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, T.J. Campese, Y.C. Chen, J.J. Hartzell, B.T. Jacobson, A.Y. Murokh, F.H. O'Shea, E. Spranza
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
W. Berg, M. Borland, J.C. Dooling, L. Erwin, R.R. Lindberg, S.J. Pasky, N. Sereno, Y. Sun, A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
W. Bruns
WBFB, Berlin, Germany
M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer
Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (award No. DE-SC-FOA-0007702).
Design features and experimental results are presented for a sub-mm wave source [1] based on APS RF thermionic electron gun. The setup includes compact alpha-magnet, quadrupoles, sub-mm-wave radiators, and THz optics. The sub-THz radiator is a planar, oversized structure with gratings. Source upgrade for generation frequencies above 1 THz is discussed. The THz radiator will use a short-period undulator having 1 T field amplitude, ~20 cm length, and integrated with a low-loss oversized waveguide. Both radiators are integrated with a miniature horn antenna and a small ~90°-degree in-vacuum bending magnet. The electron beamline is designed to operate different modes including conversion to a flat beam interacting efficiently with the radiator. The source can be used for cancer diagnostics, surface defectoscopy, and non-destructive testing. Sub-THz experiment demonstrated a good potential of a robust, table-top system for generation of a narrow bandwidth THz radiation. This setup can be considered as a prototype of a compact, laser-free, flexible source capable of generation of long trains of Sub-THz and THz pulses with repetition rates not available with laser-driven sources.
[1] A. V. Smirnov, R. Agustsson, W. J. Berg et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18, 090703(2015)

Poster WEPOB48 [1.335 MB]

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WEPOB53

Computation of Synchrotron Radiation

ion, radiation, simulation, synchrotron

1005

D.A. Hidas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

This presentation introduces a new open-source software development for the computation of radiation from charged particles and beams in magnetic and electric fields. The computations are valid in the near-field regime for both relativistic and non-relativistic scenarios. This project is being developed, and is currently in use, at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source II. Primary applications include, but are not limited to, the computation of spectra, photon flux densities, and power density distributions from undulators, wigglers, and bending magnets on arbitrary shaped surfaces in 3D making possible detailed study of sensitive accelerator and beam-line equipment. Application interfaces are available in Python, Mathematica, and C. Practical use cases are demonstrated and benchmarked. Additionally, future upgrades will be elaborated on.

Poster WEPOB53 [27.003 MB]

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WEPOB57

Magnetic Optimization of Long EPUs at NSLS-II

ion, MMI, insertion-device, insertion

1018

C.A. Kitegi, P.L. Cappadoro, O.V. Chubar, T.M. Corwin, H.C. Fernandes, D.A. Harder, D.A. Hidas, W. Licciardi, M. Musardo, J. Rank, C. Rhein, T. Tanabe
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The Soft Inelastic X-ray scattering (SIX) and the Elec-tron-Spectro-Microscopy (ESM) are two beamlines under construction at National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II). The specifics of these two beamlines requested the use of two long Advanced Planar Polarized Light Emitter-II (APPLE-II) undulators, as a source that provides circularly and vertically polarized radiation. Thus we designed 3.5 m and 2.7m long APPLE-II type undulators for SIX and ESM. The NSLS-II ID group is responsible for the magnetic optimization of these two long undulators. In this paper, we first summarize the APPLE-II magnetic and mechanical design. Then, we discuss the magnetic performance of the first APPLE-II achieved with the shimming performed at BNL.

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THA1CO05

Thermal Modeling and Cryogenic Design of a Helical Superconducting Undulator Cryostat

ion, cryogenics, operation, radiation

1064

Y. Shiroyanagi, J.D. Fuerst, Q.B. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

A conceptual design for a helical superconducting undulator (HSCU) for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been completed. The device differs sufficiently from the existing APS planar superconducting undulator (SCU) design to warrant development of a new cryostat based on value engineering and lessons learned from the existing planar SCU. Changes include optimization of the existing cryocooler-based refrigeration system and thermal shield as well as cost reduction through the use of standard vacuum hardware. The end result is a design that provides significantly larger 4.2 K refrigeration margin in a smaller package for greater installation flexibility in the APS storage ring. This paper presents ANSYS-based thermal analysis of the cryostat, including estimated static and dynamic (beam-induced) heating, and compares the new design with the existing planar SCU cryostat.
Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Slides THA1CO05 [3.905 MB]

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THA1CO06

Status of the Development of Superconducting Undulators for Storage Rings and Free Electron Lasers at the Advanced Photon Source

ion, photon, vacuum, operation

1068

Y. Ivanyushenkov, C.L. Doose, J.F. Fuerst, E. Gluskin, K.C. Harkay, Q.B. Hasse, M. Kasa, Y. Shiroyanagi, D. Skiadopoulos, E. Trakhtenberg
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
P. Emma
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Development of superconducting undulator (SCU) technology continues at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Experience of building and successful operation of the first short-length, 16-mm period length superconducting undulator SCU0 paved a way for the second 1-m long, 18-mm period device, SCU1, which is in operation since May 2015. The APS SCU team has also built and tested a 1.5-m long, 21-mm period undulator as a part of LCLS SCU R&D program aiming at demonstration of SCU technology availability for free electron lasers. This undulator successfully achieved all the requirements including a phase error of 5 degree rms. Our team is currently completing one more 1-m, 18-mm period undulator that will replace the SCU0. We are also working on a helical SCU for the APS. The status of these projects will be presented.

Slides THA1CO06 [3.545 MB]

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THPOA32

Sensitivity of the Microbunching Instability to Irregularities in Cathode Current in the LCLS-II Beam Delivery System

ion, cathode, bunching, emittance

1171

C.E. Mitchell, J. Qiang, M. Venturini
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
P. Emma
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the LCLS-II Project.
LCLS-II is a high-repetition rate (1 MHz) Free Electron Laser (FEL) X-ray light source now under construction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. During transport to the FEL undulators, the electron beam is subject to a space charge-driven microbunching instability that can degrade the electron beam quality and lower the FEL performance if left uncontrolled. The present LCLS-II design is well-optimized to control the growth of this instability out of the electron beam shot noise. However, the instability may also be seeded by irregularities in the beam current profile at the cathode (due to non-uniformities in the temporal profile of the photogun drive laser pulse). In this paper, we describe the sensitivity of the microbunching instability to small-amplitude temporal modulations on the emitted beam current profile at the cathode, using high-resolution simulations of the LCLS-II beam delivery system.

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THPOA69

Evolution of the Design of the Magnet Structure for the APS Planar Superconducting Undulators

ion, photon, insertion-device, insertion

1245

E. Trakhtenberg, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
Abstract A number of superconducting planar undulators (SCU) with different pole gaps and periods were designed, manufactured, and successfully operated at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring. A key component of the project is the precision machining of the magnet structure and the precision of the coil winding. The design of the magnet core had a number of modifications during the evolution of the design in order to achieve the best magnetic performance. The current design of the magnet structure is based on the assembled jaws with individual poles, while previous designs utilized solid cores with machined coil grooves. The winding procedure also changed from the first test cores to the current final design. Details of the magnet structure's design, manufacturing, winding and jaw assembly, and changes made from the first prototype system to the production unit, are presented.
[1] Status of the First Planar Superconducting Undulator for the Advanced Photon Source, Y. Ivanyushenkov, E.M. Trakhtenberg et al., Proc. in IPAC-2012, New Orleans, May 2012.

Poster THPOA69 [1.287 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA69

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FRA1CO03

An Ultra-High Resolution Pulsed-Wire Magnet Measurement System

ion, radiation, experiment, FEL

1268

A. D'Audney, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton
CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

The performance of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) depends in part on the quality of the magnetic field in the undulator. Imperfections in the magnetic field of an undulator lead to an imperfect electron trajectory, both offset and angle, as well as a relative phase error between the oscillation phase of the electrons and the generated electromagnetic field. The result of such errors is a reduction of laser gain impacting overall FEL performance. A pulsed-wire method can be used to determine the profile of the magnetic field. This is achieved by sending a square-current pulse through a wire placed along the length of the axis that will induce a Lorentz-force interaction with the magnetic field. Measurement of the resulting displacement in the wire over time using a motion detector yields the first or second integrals of the magnetic field and so provides a measure of the local magnetic field strength. Dispersion in the wire can be corrected using algorithms, with a resulting increase in overall accuracy of the measurement. We have designed, constructed and tested a pulsed-wire magnetic measurement system and used this system to characterize the CSU FEL undulator.

Slides FRA1CO03 [4.318 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-FRA1CO03

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