IPAC2013 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOODB103	Results of an Experiment on Hydrodynamic Tunnelling at the SPS HiRadMat High Intensity Proton Facility	simulation, proton, synchrotron, instrumentation	37
	R. Schmidt, J. Blanco, F. Burkart, D. Grenier, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Griesmayer CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria N.A. Tahir GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	To predict the damage for a catastrophic failure of the protections systems for the LHC when operating with beams storing 362 MJ, simulation studies of the impact of an LHC beam on targets were performed. Firstly, the energy deposition of the first bunches in a target with FLUKA is calculated. The effect of the energy deposition on the target is then calculated with a hydrodynamic code, BIG2. The impact of only a few bunches leads to a change of target density. The calculations are done iteratively in several steps and show that such beam can tunnel up to 30-35 m into a target. Validation experiments for these calculations at LHC are not possible, therefore experiments were suggested for the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), since simulation studies with the tools used for the LHC also predict hydrodynamic tunnelling for SPS beams. An experiment at the SPS-HiRadMat facility (High-Radiation to Materials) using the 440 GeV beam with 144 bunches was performed in July 2012. In this paper we compare the results of this experiment with our calculations of hydrodynamic tunnelling.
	Slides MOODB103 [40.426 MB]

MOODB203	vSTORM Facility Design and Simulation	injection, proton, optics, dipole	55
	A. Liu, A.D. Bross, D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA S.-Y. Lee Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
	Funding: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory A facility producing neutrinos from muons that decay in a storage ring can provide an extremely well understood neutrino beam for oscillation physics and the search for sterile neutrinos. The "neutrinos from STORed Muons"(nuSTORM) facility is based on this idea. The facility includes a target station with secondary particle collection, pion transfer line, pion injection, and a ~3.8 GeV/c muon storage ring. No muon cooling or RF sub-systems are required. The injection scenario for nuSTORM avoids the use of a separate pion decay channel and fast kickers. This paper reports a detailed description of the proposed injection scheme with full G4beamline simulations. We also present progresses on possible design options for a muon racetrack decay ring.
	Slides MOODB203 [14.079 MB]

MOPEA005	A Linear Beam Raster System for the European Spallation Source?	linac, quadrupole, optics, beam-losses	70
	H.D. Thomsen, A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) will, when built, be the most intense neutron source in the world. The neutrons are generated by a high power (5 MW) proton beam impacting a rotating W spallation target. To reduce the replacement frequency of components subjected to the full beam current, i.e. the proton beam window and the target, means to introduce low peak current densities, i.e. flat transverse beam profiles, are necessary. The relatively long beam pulse duration of 2.86 ms (at 14 Hz) leaves ample time to facilitate a Lissajous-like, linear raster system that illuminates a footprint area by sweeping an only moderately enlarged LINAC beamlet. Although slightly more technically challenging, this method has many advantages over the previously envisaged beam expander system based on non-linear DC magnets. The design, specifications, performance, and benefits of the beam raster system will be described and discussed.

MOPEA010	Transfer of RIB’s between ISOL Target and Experiment Hall at SPIRAL 2	radiation, ion, remote-handling, ISOL	85
	F.R. Osswald, T. Adam, E. Bouquerel, D. Boutin, A. Dinkov, M. Rousseau, A. Sellam IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France N.Yu. Kazarinov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia H. Weick, M. Winkler GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: The authors would like to acknowledge the German-French and Russian-French agreements enabling the allocation of resources : IN2P3 - GSI (id. 12-69), and IN2P3 - JINR (id. 11-88) collaborations. The production of intense radioactive beams requires a high power target, an efficient beam selection and transport, safe operations and a reliable-cost effective facility. The SPIRAL 2 project a so called second generation RIB facility is under construction at GANIL. The low energy RIB’s will be produced by neutron induced fissions obtained from a 40 MeV primary beam (deutons) and a graphit convertor. Several issues must be addressed in order to insure the safety rules and ultimately the performances requested by the scientific programme. Among them, the space charge dominated regime during the extraction of the beam after the target and the ion source, the compromise between beam transmission, rejection of the light-ion beam, and management of the main safety features. Most of the investigations currently in progress are devoted to the nuclear engineering, the maintenance and the multi-scale integration of the segmented beam line with the infrastructure. * RIB dynamics of the SPIRAL 2 Transfer Line, HIAT 2012 Simulation of Hollow Beam formation at SPIRAL 2, IPAC 2011 * A Secondary Radioactive Beam Line Section for SPIRAL 2, HIAT 2009

MOPEA013	Radioactive Beam Accumulation for a Storage Ring Experiment with an Internal Target	electron, ion, injection, kicker	91
	F. Nolden, C. Dimopoulou, R. Grisenti, C.M. Kleffner, S.A. Litvinov, W. Maier, C. Peschke, P. Petri, U. Popp, M. Steck, H. Weick, D.F.A. Winters, T. Ziglasch GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	A radioactive ⁵⁶Ni beam was successfully accumulated for an experiment with an internal hydrogen target at the storage ring ESR of GSI, Germany. The radioactive beam was produced and separated at the GSI fragment separator from a stable ⁵⁸Ni beam. About 6·10⁴ ⁵⁶Ni ions were injected into the ESR on a high relative momentum orbit. The beam was subjected to stochastic cooling, bunched and transported to a low relative momentum orbit where it was neither disturbed by the field of the partial aperture injection kicker nor by the fields of the stochastic cooling kickers. Slightly below this deposition momentum, the beam was accumulated and continuously cooled by means of electron cooling. For each experiment with internal hydrogen target, about 80 shots were injected consecutively, leading to a stored beam of roughly 5·10⁶ particles.

MOPEA015	A Transverse Electron Target for Heavy Ion Storage Rings	electron, ion, interaction-region, storage-ring	97
	S. Geyer, O. Meusel, D. Ries IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany O.K. Kester GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	A transverse electron target is a well suited concept under discussion for storage rings to investigate electron-ion interaction processes relevant for heavy ion accelerators. Using a sheet beam of free electrons in crossed beam geometry promises not only a high energy resolution but also allows access to the interaction region for photon and electron spectroscopy under large solid angles. To realize a compact and multi-purpose applicable design, only electrostatic fields are used for beam focussing. The produced electron beam has a length of 10cm in ion beam direction and a width of around 5mm in the interaction region with densities of ~10⁹electrons/cm³. The target geometry allows the independent adjustment of the electron beam current and energy in the region of several 10eV and a few keV. The setup meets the high requirements for an operation in the UHV environment of a storage ring and is installed applying the so-called animated beam technique. The electron target is dedicated to the FAIR storage rings. First measurements have been performed at a test bench. An overview of the project status will be presented including first results of the characterization measurements.

MOPEA017	Electron Cooling of Heavy Ions Interacting with Internal Target at HESR of FAIR	electron, emittance, ion, scattering	103
	T. Katayama, M. Steck GSI, Darmstadt, Germany R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is designed and optimized to accumulate and store the anti-proton beam for the internal target experiment. The recent demand of atomic physics has impacted to use the HESR facility also as the storage ring of bare heavy ions. In this concept the bare heavy ions are injected at 740 MeV/u from the Collector Ring where the ions are well stochastically cooled to be matched with HESR ring acceptance. In the HESR the 2 MeV electron cooler is prepared with the maximal electron current of 3 A and the cooling length of 2.7 m. The electron cooling process of typically ²³⁸U⁹²⁺ beam is simulated for the Hydogen and Xe internal target with simultaneous use of barrier voltage to compensate the mean energy loss caused by the interaction with internal target. In the present report the detailed simulation results of 6D phase space obtained by the particle tracking code are precisely discussed.

MOPEA018	Feasibility Study of Heavy Ion Storage and Acceleration in the HESR with Stochastic Cooling and Internal Targets	cavity, ion, simulation, acceleration	106
	H. Stockhorst, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich, Germany T. Katayama GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Stochastic cooling of heavy ions is investigated under the constraint of the present hardware design of the cooling system and RF cavities as well as the given magnet design as foreseen for anti-proton cooling in the HESR of the FAIR facility. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam to 2 GeV/u is studied under the basic condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a Hydrogen and Xenon target. Diffusion due to Schottky and thermal noise as well as intra beam scattering is accounted for. Due to the higher charge states of the ions Schottky particle noise power becomes an important issue. The analysis considers the electronic power limitation to 500 W in case of momentum cooling. Fast Filter cooling is only available if the revolution harmonics do not overlap in the cooling bandwidth. Since overlap occurs for lower energies the application of the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) momentum cooling method is discussed.

MOPEA036	Transport Line Orbit Correction for CSNS/RTBT	alignment, quadrupole, extraction, linac	154
	Y. Li, Y.W. An, Z.P. Li, W.B. Liu, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Dipole field kicks arisen from the construction and alignment of the magnets may cause the orbit distortion and reduce the efficiency of beam extraction and striking target in RTBT transport line of CSNS. In this paper, orbit correction is done based on XAL Orbit Correction application with the algorithm modified partially and the result was according with by AT toolbox. Meanwhile, the orbit correction before the target was special considered for the beams striking the target center vertically.

MOPEA039	Beam Commissioning and Neutron Radiography on a High Current Deuteron RFQ	rfq, neutron, cavity, ECR	163
	Y.R. Lu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, F.J. Jia, G. Liu, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, W.L. Xia, X.Q. Yan, K. Zhu PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China S.Q. Liu, S. Wang, J. Zhao, B.Y. Zou State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, Haidian District, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by NSFC 11079001 and Peking University The high current deuteron RFQ has been developed and widely used in many projects, especially for accelerator based neutron source and its application. This paper reviews not only the recent developments in the world wide, also presents the beam dynamics, structure design ,RF full power test, beam commissioning of PKUNIFTY, which is consisted of a high current very compact ECR source, a 201.5MHz four-rod deuteron RFQ, thicker beryllium target and its moderating, collimation and neutron radiography system. RF and beam commissioning with duty cycle of 4% show the RFQ inter-vane voltage reaches 70kV at about 240kW, the delivered deuteron peak beam current is about 12mA at 290kW with the beam transmission of about 60%. The improvement of transmission is going on. The initial neutron radiography commissioning has been carried out. The results will promote the future development of small accelerator based neutron source.

MOPEA042	Research on the Design and Simulation of the CSRE Stochastic Cooling System	sextupole, pick-up, emittance, simulation	169
	X.J. Hu, H. Jia, Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Zhang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Stochastic cooling by the use of a feedback system, aims at cooling of secondary particles or particles with large emittance or momentum spread. My research is mainly on the simulation of horizontal and longitudinal stochastic cooling process. The purpose of my work is to obtain the optimum parameters for stochastic cooling, according the actual accelerator lattice. Pickup and preamplifier are already installed on the CSRe, and preliminary results are get.

MOPEA058	CNGS, CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso, Five Years of Running a 500 Kilowatt Neutrino Beam Facility at CERN	proton, extraction, radiation, kaon	211
	E. Gschwendtner, K. Cornelis, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Pardons, H. Vincke, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland I. Krätschmer HEPHY, Wien, Austria
	The CNGS facility (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) aims at directly detecting muon to tau neutrino oscillations where an intense muon-neutrino beam (10¹⁷ muon-neutrinos/day) is generated at CERN and directed over 732km towards the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, LNGS, in Italy, where two large and complex detectors, OPERA and ICARUS, are located. The CNGS facility (CNGS Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) started with the physics program in 2008 and delivered until the end of the physics run 2012 more than 80% of the approved protons on target (22.5·10¹⁹ pot). An overview of the performance and experience gained in operating this 500kW neutrino beam facility is described. Major events since the commissioning of the facility in 2006 are summarized. Highlights on the CNGS beam performance are given.

MOPEA062	Metrology of the NESTOR Facility Equipment	storage-ring, dipole, quadrupole, survey	222
	O. Bezditko, V.E. Ivashchenko, I.M. Karnaukhov, A. Mytsykov, A.V. Reuzayev, A.Y. Zelinsky NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	Development of X-ray generator NESTOR in the National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics&Technology will let significantly extend the scientific program of investigations that are carried out in NSC KIPT, will allow to increase an amount and improve quality of experimental researches in the field of physics and chemistry In this work tolerances for accuracy installation of the lattice elements of the complex are defined. The methods of lattice element position measurement were detected and ways of their realization were defined. These allow to realize the project parameters of NESTOR facility and, first of all, generated X-ray beam intensity.

MOPEA071	Operating the Diamond Storage Ring with Reduced Vertical Emittance	feedback, emittance, coupling, storage-ring	249
	I.P.S. Martin, M.G. Abbott, M. Apollonio, R. Bartolini, D. Hickin Diamond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	In a synchrotron radiation light source, a reduction in vertical emittance can potentially increase the source brightness, reduce the spot size for microfocus beam lines or increase the vertical transverse coherence of the photon beam. With this aim, the target vertical emittance for the Diamond storage ring has been recently reduced from 27pm.rad to 8pm.rad (0.3% coupling). In this paper we discuss the main impacts of this reduction, along with the steps that have been taken to stabilise the coupling at the new value.

MOPEA073	Current Status of the LBNE Neutrino Beam	proton, shielding, simulation, focusing	255
	C.D. Moore, K.R. Bourkland, C.F. Crowley, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, M.W. McGee, N.V. Mokhov, V. Papadimitriou, R.K. Plunkett, S.D. Reitzner, A.M. Stefanik, G. Velev, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Fermilab Research Alliance, under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Dept of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a neutrino beamline facility located at Fermilab. The facility is designed to aim a beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed in South Dakota. The neutrinos are produced in a three-step process. First, protons from the Main Injector hit a solid target and produce mesons. Then, the charged mesons are focused by a set of focusing horns into the decay pipe, towards the far detector. Finally, the mesons that enter the decay pipe decay into neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined by an amalgam of the physics goals, the Monte Carlo modeling of the facility, and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~700 kW, however some of the parameters were chosen to be able to deal with a beam power of 2.3 MW. The LBNE Neutrino Beam has made significant changes to the initial design through consideration of numerous Value Engineering proposals and the current design is described.

MOPFI017	SuperKEKB Positron Source Target Protection Scheme	positron, electron, radiation, simulation	315
	L. Zang, T. Kamitani KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The SuperKEKB requires an intense beam with a large number of positrons, which is generated by a high energy electron beam strike on a solid tungsten target. The cascade shower in the target deposits large amount of energy in the material leading to target damage. The pulsed electron beam distributed the energy non-uniformly over the target. In that case, a mechanical stress appears due to the large thermal gradient during each pulse, which could potentially destroy the target. Based on the analysis of the SLAC damaged target, peak energy deposition density (PEDD) should not exceed 35 J/g to ensure a long term of safe operation. One way of reducing PEDD is increasing the beam spot size. Hence we proposed a target protection scheme, in which a protection target is placed upstream of generation target as a spoiler. The aim is to maintain the generation target’s PEDD below 35 J/g even with a point primary electron beam. In this paper, we will introduce graphite, aluminum and copper as the protection target material candidates. And also present the PEDD and positron yield evaluation as a function of various parameters such as protection target thickness and drift space.

MOPFI018	Design Study of a New Large Aperture Flux Concentrator	positron, simulation, solenoid, focusing	318
	L. Zang, M. Akemoto, S. Fukuda, K. Furukawa, T. Higo, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, Y. Ogawa, H. Someya, T. Takatomi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	For high luminosity electron-positron colliders, intense positron beam production is one of the key issues. Flux Concentrator (FC) is a pulsed solenoid that can generate high magnetic field of several Tesla and is often used for focusing positrons emerged from a production target. It works as an optical matching device in a positron capture section. With this device, high capture efficiency is achieved. In this paper, we will introduce a new design of a FC for the SuperKEKB positron source. The advantages of the new design are: 1. the aperture could be doubled of the previous design, 2. the transverse components are only 1/10 of the previous design, 3. maintain the same high peak longitudinal field. The new FC modeling has been done in CST Studio and we will report the results of new FC field evaluation. In order to calculate the positron yield and capture efficiency, a tracking simulation to the end of capture section has also been carried out, which is also included in this paper.

MOPFI026	Thermal Simulations of a New Target Configuration for Production of Radioactive Nuclide	neutron, simulation, radiation, ion	336
	L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, B. Tang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	China Advanced Rare Ion-beam Facility (CARIF) based on China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) has been proposed in order exploring the frontier of nuclear physics. A target with 5 g 235U is proposed in the project. The thermal neutron fission of 235U will produce radioactive nuclei and the great thermal load (~50 kW). The target of CARIF needs endure high temperature and thermal energy deposit. A new multi-targets configuration is proposed. It consists of several discrete targets instead of traditional single-target structure used in accelerator driven facility. Because there is more thermal radiation area in this configuration, thermal radiation capacity is enhanced, so the target can withstand higher thermal power. The temperature distribution of multi-targets was simulated with finite element code. The results show that the configuration of multi targets can effectively reduce the target temperature. From the perspective of target temperature distribution, the configuration could endure 50kW thermal deposit. It's possible to use 5 g 235U in CARIF for production of radioactive nuclide.

MOPFI027	The Progress of the BRISOL Facility at CIAE	ion, ion-source, vacuum, diagnostics	339
	B. Tang, L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, Z. Peng CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facilities Isotope Separator On-Line (BRISOL), aiming to generate short life radioactive ion beam (RIB) on-line, is being constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). Up to now, construction of major equipment for BRISOL is completed, including ion source, vacuum system, separator, optical element, and beam diagnostic system, and assembling is underway in laboratory. The on-site installation of all the beam line will be carried out soon. All the major element prototype including surface ion source, quadrupole, hexapole, multipole and beam diagnostic system have been studied off-line on a test-bench for BRISOL. A Li beam was generated and separated . The primary tests show that the ion source and the optical elements work well. The test charge exchange cell (CEC) is under way. BRISOL will be commissioned next year.

MOPFI051	Beam Transfer Systems for the LAGUNA-LBNO Long Baseline Neutrino Beam from the CERN SPS	extraction, kicker, injection, septum	395
	B. Goddard, W. Bartmann, I. Efthymiopoulos, Y. Papaphilippou, A.S. Parfenova CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	For the Long Baseline neutrino facility under study at CERN (LAGUNA-LBNO) it is initially planned to extract a 400 GeV beam from the second long straight section in the SPS into the existing transfer channel TT20 leading to the North Area experimental zone, to a new target aligned with a far detector in Finland. In a second phase a new High-Power Proton Synchrotron (HPPS) accelerator is proposed, to give a 2 MW beam at about 50 GeV on the same target. In this paper the beam transfer systems required for the project are outlined, including the new sections of transfer line between the SPL, HPPS and SPS, and from the SPS to the target, and also the injection and extraction systems in the long straight section of the HPPS. The feasibility of a 4 GeV H⁻ injection system is discussed.

MOPFI055	Design Study of a 100 GeV Beam Transfer Line from the SPS for a Short Baseline Neutrino Facility	quadrupole, optics, dipole, extraction	407
	W. Bartmann, B. Goddard, A. Kosmicki, M. Kowalska, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A Short Baseline neutrino facility at CERN is presently under study. It is considered to extract a 100 GeV beam from the second long straight section of the SPS into the existing transfer channel TT20, which leads to the North Area experimental zone. A new transfer line would branch off the existing TT20 line around 600 m downstream of the extraction, followed by an S-shaped horizontal bending arc to direct the beam with the correct angle onto the defined target location. This paper describes the optimisation of the line geometry with respect to the switch regions in TT20, the integration into the existing facilities and the potential refurbishment of existing magnets. The optics design is shown, and the requirements for the magnets, power converters and instrumentation hardware are discussed.

MOPFI059	Design and Performance of the Beam Transfer Lines for the HIE-ISOLDE Project	emittance, simulation, optics, dipole	416
	A.S. Parfenova, W. Andreazza, J. Bauche, E.D. Cantero, P. Farantatos, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, Y. Kadi, A.J. Kolehmainen, D. Lanaia, M. Martino, R. Mompo, E. Siesling, A.G. Sosa, M.A. Timmins, G. Vandoni, D. Voulot, E.S. Zografos CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Beam design and beam optics studies for the HIE-ISOLDE transfer lines have been carried out in MadX, and benchmarked against Trace3D results. Magnet field errors and alignment imperfections leading to deviations from design parameters have been treated explicitly, and the sensitivity of the machine's lattice to different individual error sources was studied. As a result, the tolerances for the various error-contributions have been specified for the different equipment systems. The design choices for the expected magnet field and power supply quality, alignment tolerances, instrument resolution and physical aperture were validated. The methodology and results of the studies are presented.

MOPFI070	Spallation is not the only Fruit: Low Energy Fusion as a Source of Neutrons	neutron, proton, simulation, radiation	443
	S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	Commercially there is a growing interest in applications of neutrons. Currently the majority of neutron sources are based at research institutions from either reactors or spallation sources. Smaller portable sources contain either fissile isotope or sealed fusors are available, although they either use or produce tritium, or other long lived decay products. As an alternative to the large facilities and the radio-toxicology of current portable sources research is being performed with an aim to produce a fusion based neutron source with neither of these concerns. We show that MCNPX is able to accurately reproduce (p,n) reactions for a number of light elements. Simulations of low energy proton reactions with light nuclei simulated with MCNPX and Geant4 are compared with experiment.

MOPFI073	Optimisation Studies of a High Intensity Electron Antineutrino Source	neutron, proton, simulation, cyclotron	449
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad, J. Spitz MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	ISODAR (Isotopes-Decay-At-Rest) is a novel, high intensity source of electron antineutrinos produced by the decay of Li-8 isotopes, which aims for searches for physics beyond the standard model. The Li-8 isotopes are produced in the inelastic interactions of low energy protons or deuterons with a Beryllium target. In addition the Li-8 is produced in the surrounding materials by secondary neutrons. This paper focuses on the optimisation of the base design target, moderator and reflector.

MOPME010	Transverse Beam Profile Diagnostics using Point Spread Function Dominated Imaging with Dedicated De-focusing	radiation, electron, background, focusing	488
	G. Kube, S. Bajt DESY, Hamburg, Germany W. Lauth IKP, Mainz, Germany Yu.A. Popov, A. Potylitsyn, L.G. Sukhikh TPU, Tomsk, Russia
	Transverse beam profile diagnostics in electron accelerators is usually based on direct imaging of a beam spot via optical radiation (transition or synchrotron radiation). In this case the fundamental resolution limit is determined by radiation diffraction in the optical system. A method to achieve resolutions beyond the diffraction limit is to perform point spread function (PSF) dominated imaging, i.e. the recorded image is dominated by the resolution function of a point source (single electron), and with knowledge of the PSF the true image (beam spot) may be reconstructed. To overcome the limited dynamical range of PSF dominated imaging, a dedicated de-focusing of the optical system can be introduced. In order to verify the applicability of this method, a proof-of-principle experiment has been performed at the Mainz Microtron MAMI (University of Mainz, Germany) using optical transition radiation. Status and results of this experiment will be presented.

MOPME022	Beam Commissioning of Two Horizontal Pulse Steering Magnets for Changing Injection Painting Area from MLF to MR in the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC	injection, stripper, beam-transport, emittance	518
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, T. Takayanagi, N. Tani JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Y. Irie KEK, Ibaraki, Japan S. Kato Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan
	We have been successfully commissioned two pulse steering magnets installed in the Linac to 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) injection beam transport (BT) line of J-PARC. RCS has to deliver a simultaneous as well as specific beam as demand by the downstream facilities of MLF (Material and Life Science Facility) and the MR (Main Ring). In order to obtain relatively a smaller transverse emittance at extraction, those magnets were designed to perform a smaller injection painting for the MR beam as compared to the MLF one. As stripper foil position is fixed for the charge exchange H⁻ injection, inclination of the injected beam centroid on foil for the MR beam is only moved to a smaller value by the pulse steering magnets, while DC septum magnets are fixed as determined first for the MLF beam. Their parameters were found to be very consistent with expectation and thus already in operation for switching to a painting area of 100 pi mm mrad for the MR beam as compared to that of 150 pi mm mrad for the MLF beam.

MOPME027	Bunch Length Measurement of 181 MeV Beam in J-PARC Linac	electron, linac, vacuum, simulation	532
	A. Miura, H. Oguri, N. Ouchi, J. Tamura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan A. Feschenko, A.N. Mirzojan RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Ikegami J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Maruta KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	In J-PARC Linac, an energy and intensity upgrade project has started since 2009 using Annular Coupled Structure (ACS) cavities. Because the longitudinal matching before ACS cavities is additionally required, we decided to employ the bunch shape monitors (BSMs) to measure the longitudinal beam profile. After three years from the start of BSM project, three BSMs were fabricated. All three BSMs were installed during the summer shutdown of 2012. We tried to measure the longitudinal beam profile exited from SDTL cavities. In this paper, we introduce the outline of BSM project, the first data acquisition and related small problems.

MOPME029	Multi-strip Current Monitor for Pulsed Laser Plasma Diagnostics	plasma, ion, laser, rfq	538
	Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	A compact position-sensitive beam instrumentation devise is under development. The beam detection area of this devise is composed of multi-strip electrodes and scanned by multiplexers, which reduces the number of read-out lines and feed-through connectors. Combined with an electrostatic deflector and ToF information, this monitor can discriminate charge to mass ratios of particles. A prototype of this monitor is fabricated for measurement of ion distribution and charge state in laser induced plasma. This model has fifteen strip electrodes and the multiplexed signal and the clock signal are read out through two coaxial cables. Thus, only three cables are needed including a +5V power supply line. The test result will be presented.

MOPME033	Wire Scanner Emittance Measurement and Software Design at BEPCII	emittance, linac, quadrupole, EPICS	544
	W. Qiao, Z. Duan, H. Geng, W.B. Liu, Y.F. Sui IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Wire scanners are diagnostic devices to measure the beam profile. Resent years, BEPCII adopts wire scanner measurement system for accurate beam size and emittance measurements. Beam emittance measurements can be performed with no adverse impact on beam and no interruption to normal machine operation. The BEPCII wire scanner system includes sets of four scanners in linac by which the linac output emittance is determined. In order to make the measurement procedure automated and easily accessible to all operators, wire scanner measurement software is developed. The software can obtain real-time signal data from the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System(EPICS) and emittance calculation, phase chart and optics envelope display will be done. In this paper we describe the construction, performance and uses of BEPCII wire scanners measurement system and software.

MOPME035	Design of a Non-Intercepting Beam Diagnostic Device Using Neutral Beam Fluorescence Method	emittance, neutral-beams, ion, diagnostics	547
	J. Zhao, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, T. Zhang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The forward neutral beam from deflecting magntic field carries some characteristic properties of high intensity particle beams, such as profile, emittance etc. Therefore a reliable measurement of neutral beam fluorescence can be used to develop a fast and non-interceptive beam diagnostic tool. A non-intercepting beam emittance (profile) monitor using neutral beam fluorescence method has being constructed at Peking University. As a performance test, an emttiance of an extracted proton beam from a permanent magnetic electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was successfully measured. The details of design and results of measurement will be presented in this paper.

MOPME049	Status of Non-destructive Bunch Length Measurement based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation	radiation, electron, diagnostics, vacuum	583
	H.X. Deng, S.L. Lu, T. Yu, J.B. Zhang SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China G.A. Naumenko, A. Potylitsyn, M.V. Shevelev, D.A. Shkitov TPU, Tomsk, Russia
	Funding: This work was supported by the joint Russian-Chinese grant (RFBR 110291177 and NSFC 11111120065) and partially by the Program of Russian MES “Nauka” and the Chinese NSFC 11175240. As a novel non-destructive bunch length diagnostic of the electron beam, an experimental observation of the coherent Cherenkov radiation generated from a dielectric caesium iodide crystal with large spectral dispersion was proposed for the 30MeV femtosecond linear accelerator at Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP). In this paper, the theoretical design, the experimental setup, the terahertz optics, the first angular distribution observations of the coherent Cherenkov radiation, and the future plans are presented. * Shevelev M. et al., Journal of Physics: Conf. Ser. 357 (2012) 012023.

MOPME062	UV and X-ray Diffraction Radiation for Submicron Noninvasive Diagnostics	radiation, diagnostics, polarization, electron	616
	D.Yu. Sergeeva, M.N. Strikhanov, A.A. Tishchenko MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	Funding: This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science (State contract 12.527.12.5002). Diffraction radiation (DR) arises when a charged particle moves near a target. The theory of X-ray DR from single particles was created in [, ], and recently the theory has been developed for bunches [*]. DR from relativistic particles is used for noninvasive bunch diagnostics and also for creating new and effective sources of radiation, including Free-electron laser based on the Smith-Purcell effect. In the present work we explore theoretically DR from the bunch of ultrarelativistic charged particles at X-ray and UV frequencies domains. It is shown that incoherent part of form-factor, describing the effect of N electrons in bunch, exists and differs from the unity. The coherent part of radiation depends on transversal size of the bunch as ratio of the Bessel function to its argument. The coherence effects are proved to be important up to the wavelengths much less than transversal size of the bunch. The results obtained open the possibility to diagnose bunches of the submicron size with very high accuracy. A.A. Tishchenko et al, PLA. 359 (2006) 509. A.P. Potylitsyn et al, Diffraction radiation from relativistic particles, Springer, 2010 * D.Yu. Sergeeva et al, Proc. Channeling-2012, p.52, 2012

MOPME063	Backward X-ray Transition Radiation from Multilayered Target for Submicron Beam Diagnostics	radiation, diagnostics, polarization, electron	619
	A.A. Tishchenko, D.Yu. Sergeeva, M.N. Strikhanov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia K.O. Kruchinin Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science (State contract 12.527.12.5002). Backward transition radiation (TR) is a TR arising in the direction of mirror reflection relative to the charged particles trajectory. Therefore for oblique incidence it can be emitted under big angles which is useful from point of view of measuring of the radiation. In spite of the fact that backward TR in X-ray frequency domain is much weaker than forward TR [], it has recently been proposed by A.P. Potylitsyn and others [] as an instrument for submicron electron beam diagnostics. In this work we propose to use the multilayered target in order to enhance the resulting radiation, i.e. to use resonant backward X-ray TR. So far X-ray TR has not been explored theoretically for backward geometry. It is shown that the expressions obtained coincide in special case of forward resonant X-ray TR with the results by L. Durand () and X. Artru (*). We explore the spectral and angular characteristics of resonant backward X-ray TR form point of view of submicron beam diagnostics for the ultrarelativistic charged particles bunches. The role of absorption in the target material and also the coherent and incoherent parts of the radiation is analyzed A.A. Tishchenko et al, NIMB 227 (2005) 63. L.G. Sukhikh et al, J of Phys: Conf. Ser. 236 (2010) 012011. * L. Durand, Phys Rev D11 (1975) 89. **** X. Artru et al, Phys Rev D12 (1975) 1289.

MOPME067	Non-Invasive Bunch Length Diagnostics Based on Interferometry From Double Diffraction Radiation Target	radiation, electron, diagnostics, FEL	631
	D.A. Shkitov, G.A. Naumenko, A. Potylitsyn, M.V. Shevelev TPU, Tomsk, Russia H.X. Deng, S.L. Lu, T. Yu, J.B. Zhang SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work was supported by the joint Russian-Chinese grant (RFBR 110291177 and NSFC 11111120065) and partially by the Program of Russian MES “Nauka” and the SINAP Xinrui Program Y15501A061. Reliable and precise non-invasive beam diagnostics technique to measure length of sub-picosecond electron bunches are required for new accelerator facilities (FEL, et al.). Investigations of coherent radiation generated by such bunches using different interferometers allow to determine a bunch length. Measuring a dependence of radiation yield intensity from two DR targets on a distance between them (the intrinsic DR interferogram), it is possible to obtain the same information. Such a non-invasive technique can be directly used for ultra-short bunch length measurements. Recently the first experiment with a double DR target was carried out at the SINAP fs linac facility* with parameters described in**. The double DR target was consisted of two plates made from Al foil. The pyro-electric detector SPI-D-62 was used. Here we report the results of the second stage of our investigations. The DR interferograms of different electron bunch length were measured. The bunch length was reconstructed using the heuristic model based on the dimension theory and simulation data. We compare the results from DR interferograms and Michelson interferometer measurements and show their similarity. Murokh A. et al., NIMA 410 (1998) 452. Zhang J.B., Shkitov D.A. et al., IBIC’12 MOPB65 (2012). *Lin X., Zhang J. et al., Chin. Phys. Let. V. 27 N. 4 (2010) 044101.

MOPME069	Multi-OTR System for Linear Colliders	emittance, diagnostics, optics, linac	637
	J. Resta-López, A. Faus-Golfe IFIC, Valencia, Spain J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, R. Apsimon, A. Latina CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We study the feasibility of using a multi-Optical Transition Radiation (mOTR) system for fast transverse emittance reconstruction and x-y coupling correction in the Ring to Main Linac (RTML) of the future linear colliders: ILC and CLIC. OTR monitors are mature and reliable diagnostic tools that could be very suitable for the setup and tuning of the machine in single-bunch mode. Here we study the requirements for a mOTR system adapted to the optical conditions and beam parameters of the RTML of both the ILC and CLIC.

MOPWA051	ZEMAX Simulations for an Optical System for a Diffraction Radiation Monitor at CesrTA	radiation, simulation, electron, damping	789
	T. Aumeyr, V. Karataev JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom M.G. Billing CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA L.M. Bobb, B. Bolzon, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Diffraction Radiation (DR) is produced when a relativistic charged particle moves in the vicinity of a medium. The target atoms are polarized by the electric field of the charged particle, which then oscillate thus emitting radiation with a very broad spectrum. The spatial-spectral properties of DR are sensitive to various electron beam parameters. Since the energy loss due to DR is so small that the electron beam parameters are unchanged, DR can be used to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this project is to measure the transverse (vertical) beam size using incoherent DR. To achieve the micron-scale resolution required by CLIC, DR in the UV and X-ray spectral-range must be studied. During the next few years, experimental validation of such a scheme will be conducted on the CesrTA at Cornell University, USA. This paper reports on simulations carried out with ZEMAX, studying the optical system used to image the emitted radiation.

MOPWA056	Spectra of Coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation Observed from Short Electron Bunches: Numerical and Experimental Studies	electron, radiation, diagnostics, simulation	801
	F. Bakkali Taheri, G. Doucas, I.V. Konoplev, A. Reichold JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom H.L. Andrews LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA R. Bartolini Diamond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom V. Bharadwaj, C.I. Clarke SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA N. Delerue LAL, Orsay, France N. Fuster Martinez IFIC, Valencia, Spain J.D.A. Smith TXUK, Warrington, United Kingdom P. Stoltz Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
	Funding: This work performed [in part] under DOE Contract DE-AC02-7600515 There is a significant interest in the development of compact particle accelerators within research areas including X-ray and THz (T-ray) sources of radiation, particle physics and medical sciences. To support the progress in these areas, non-invasive, electron beam diagnostics that are capable of measuring a single femtosecond electron bunch are required. At the current stage such beam diagnostics for femtosecond-long electron bunches are still not available. The goal of the work presented is to understand the spectral characteristics of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation to enable its quick and reliable interpretation including the longitudinal profile reconstruction of electron bunches. The research presented comprises results from numerical modelling and experimental studies. Using the numerical data, we discuss the radiated spectra dependence on the electron bunch profile and analyse the results. We also discuss the experimental data and compare it with theoretical predictions.

MOPWA062	Transverse Beam Halo Measurements at High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) using Vibrating Wire Monitor	ion, proton, linac, ion-source	819
	M. Chung, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, V.D. Shiltsev, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, USA S. Artinian BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly, France S.G. Arutunian ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia
	Funding: Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. Measurement and control of transverse beam halo will be critical for the applications of future high-intensity hadron linacs. In particular, beam profile monitors require a very high dynamic range when using for transverse beam halo measurements. In this study, the Vibrating Wire Monitor (VWM) with aperture 60 mm was installed at the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) front-end to measure transverse beam halo. A vibrating wire is excited at its resonance frequency with the help of a magnetic feedback loop, and the vibrating and sensitive wires are connected through a balanced arm. The sensitive wire is moved into the beam halo region by a stepper motor controlled translational stage. We study the feasibility of the vibrating wire for transverse beam halo measurements in the low-energy front-end of the proton linac.

MOPWA078	The Calibration of the PEPPo Polarimeter for Electrons and Positrons	positron, electron, photon, polarization	861
	A.H. Adeyemi JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA E. J-M. Voutier LPSC, Grenoble, France
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 The PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) experiment at Jefferson Laboratory investigated the polarization transfer from longitudinally polarized electrons to longitudinally polarized positrons, with the aim of developing this technology for a low energy (~MeV) polarized positron source. Polarization of the positrons was measured by means of a Compton transmission polarimeter where incoming positrons transfer their polarization into circularly polarized photons that were subsequently analyzed by a thick polarized iron target. The measurement of the transmitted photon flux with respect to the orientation of the target polarization (±) or the helicity (±) of the incoming leptons provided the measurement of their polarization. Similar measurements with a known electron beam were also performed for calibration purposes. This presentation will describe the apparatus and calibrations performed at the injector at the Jefferson Laboratory to measure positron polarization in the momentum range 3.2-6.2 MeV/c, specifically to quantify the positron analyzing power from electron experimental data measured over a comparable momentum range. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes

MOPWA079	Characterization of the Analyzing Target of the PEPPo Experiment	polarization, positron, photon, electron	864
	O. Dadoun LAL, Orsay, France E. Froidefond, E. J-M. Voutier LPSC, Grenoble, France
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 Various methods have been investigated over the past decades for the production of polarized positrons. The purpose of the PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) experiment is to demonstrate, for the first time, the production of polarized positrons from a polarized electron beam. This two-step process involves the production of circularly polarized photons in a high Z target via the bremsstrahlung process followed, within the same target, by the conversion of polarized photons into polarized e⁺e⁻ pairs through the pair creation process. The PEPPo experiment was performed in Spring 2012 at the injector of the Jefferson Laboratory using a highly spin-polarized (~85%) 8.3 MeV/c electron beam. The positron polarization was measured by means of a Compton transmission polarimeter over the momentum range from 3.2 MeV/c to 6.2 MeV/c. This presentation will discuss the experimental set-up with a special emphasis on the analyzing magnet constituting the polarization filter of the experiment. The knowledge of the analyzing target polarization will be discussed on the basis of simulations and calibrated to experimental data The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes

MOPWO011	Surface Field Optimization of Accelerating Structures for CLIC using ACE3P on Remote Computing Facility	simulation, linac, GUI, damping	909
	K.N. Sjobak, E. Adli University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway A. Grudiev CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Research Council of Norway This paper presents a computer program for searching for the optimum shape of an accelerating structure cell by scanning a multidimensional geometry parameter space. For each geometry, RF parameters and peak surface fields are calculated using ACE3P on a remote high-performance computational system. Parameter point selection, mesh generation, result storage and post-analysis are handled by a GUI program running on the user’s workstation. This pa- per describes the program, AcdOptiGui. AcdOptiGui also includes some capability for automatically selecting scan points based on results from earlier simulations, which en- ables rapid optimization of a given parameterized geome- try. The software has previously been used as a part of the design process for accelerating structures for a 500 GeV CLIC.

MOPWO013	A New Scalable Software Package for Large Scale Beam Dynamic Simulations	simulation, space-charge, DTL, solenoid	912
	R. Zhao, J. Xu IS, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y. He, C. Li, X. Qi, L. Yang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Large scale Beam Dynamics Simulations (BDS) are important in accelerator design and optimization. With the fast development of supercomputers, new software packages need to be developed in order to fully make use of hardware and software progresses. In this paper, we will introduce a new BDS software package, LOCUS3D, which is developed for efficient use of these new techniques. It is based on Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method, and includes space charge effect by solving the Poisson’s equation. Parallel Poisson solver has been developed with MPI. Standard accelerator devices can be simulated and new devices can be added. Benchmark results have been obtained on several different platforms, such as INSPUR cluster at RDCPS, BG/P at ANL. Large-scale simulation with 10⁹ particles can be simulated now in the simulations. LOCUS3D will be used for more realistic accelerator simulations in the near future.

MOPWO023	Upgrade and Systematic Measurement Campaign of the ATF2 Multi-OTR System	emittance, coupling, wakefield, extraction	933
	A. Faus-Golfe, J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, C. Blanch Gutierrez, J. Resta-López IFIC, Valencia, Spain J. Cruz, E. Marín, D.J. McCormick, G.R. White, M. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	A multi-Optical Transition Radiation (mOTR) system made of four stations is being used routinely since September 2011 for transverse beam size measurement and emittance reconstruction in the extraction line of ATF2, providing diagnostic support during the ATF2 tuning operation. Furthermore it is also an excellent tool for fast transverse coupling correction. Due to the compactness of the current design the system has an influence in the increase of the transverse emittance due to wakefield effects when a simultaneous measurement is made. To avoid this effect a new target holder and a new optics has been designed and implemented. In this paper we describe the present status of the ATF2 mOTR system, showing recent performance results, and hardware design improvements.

MOPWO074	A Novel Differential Algebraic Adaptive Fast Multipole Method	multipole, simulation	1055
	S. Abeyratne, B. Erdelyi Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA B. Erdelyi, S.L. Manikonda ANL, Argonne, USA
	The direct pairwise calculation of the potential/electric field created by a very large number of particles is computationally impracticable since it requires long run time and a large amount of memory. The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is a fast algorithm which scales linearly with the number of particles and it enables highly accurate evaluation of the potentials and fields among the large number of particles using less memory compared to the direct evaluation. The FMM has two main forms, non-adaptive and adaptive. The former is suitable for uniform distributions while the latter is more efficient for non-uniform distributions typically encountered in beam physics. This paper presents an implementation of a novel 3D adaptive FMM algorithm and some results obtained from simulations performed with non-uniform particle distributions.

MOPWO086	Open XAL Status Report 2013	status, neutron, EPICS, controls	1076
	T.A. Pelaia ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 XAL is the well established, accelerator physics high level application programming framework developed for and used at the Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge National Lab. Due to interest from other accelerator labs, the Open XAL project was formed in 2010 to port XAL to be more suitable for collaboration. The Open XAL architecture along with the objectives, status and roadmap of this effort are presented in this paper.

TUXB101	Status of the FAIR Facility	ion, antiproton, heavy-ion, storage-ring	1085
	O.K. Kester GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The unique facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR will deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. In addition, the beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for a cutting edge physics program. Therefore a unique accelerator facility using cutting edge technology will be built until 2018. The challenges are heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, antiproton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Here new kind of superconducting magnets, rf-systems, injection and extraction systems and beam diagnostics will be applied. As the construction of the FAIR facility and procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements status and infrastructure preparation will be provided.
	Slides TUXB101 [9.587 MB]

TUPEA018	Recent Progress of Laser Plasma Proton Accelerator at Peking University	laser, plasma, proton, acceleration	1199
	X.Q. Yan, J.E. Chen, H.Z. Fu, Y.X. Geng, Z.Y. Guo, C. Lin, Y.R. Lu, Y. Shang, Z.X. Yuan, S. Zhao, K. Zhu PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10935002, 10835003, 11025523) Recent a project called Laser plasma Proton Accelerator (LAPA) is approved by MOST in China. A prototype of laser driven proton accelerator (1~15MeV) based on the PSA mechanism and plasma lens is going to be built at Peking University in the next five years. It can be used for the applications such as cancer therapy, plasma imaging and fast ignition for inertial confine fusion. The recent progress of LAPA is reported here.

TUPEA043	Linac Design for Nuclear Data Measurement Facility	linac, neutron, electron, cavity	1229
	M. Zhang, W. Fang, Q. Gu, X. Li SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Pulsed neutrons based on an electron linear accelerator (linac) are effective for measuring energy dependent cross-sections with high resolution by using the time-of-flight (TOF) technique. In this paper, we describe the 15-MeV linac design for the Nuclear Data project in Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP). The linac has three operating modes and the maximum average power is 7.5kW. We describe the characteristics of the linac and the study of the beam dynamics is also presented.

TUPEA052	Design Study for a CERN Short Base-Line Neutrino Facility	proton, extraction, secondary-beams, emittance	1250
	R. Steerenberg, M. Calviani, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Ferrari, B. Goddard, R. Losito, M. Nessi, J.A. Osborne, L. Scibile, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P.R. Sala Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy
	A design study has been initiated at CERN for the conception and construction of a short base line neutrino facility, using a proton beam from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) that will be transferred to a new secondary beam production facility, which will provide a neutrino beam for experiments and detector R&D. This paper resumes the general layout of the facility together with the main primary and secondary beam parameters and the choices favoured for the neutrino beam production.

TUPEA089	Modeling and Experimental Update on Quasi-phase Matched Direct Laser Electron Acceleration In Density-modulated Plasma Waveguides	plasma, laser, electron, simulation	1325
	M.W. Lin, D.R. Abercrombie, I. Jovanovic, A. Rakhman Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
	Funding: This work has been supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency through Contract HDTRA1-11-1-0009. Direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons using the axial electric field of a radially polarized, guided intense laser pulse has the potential to lead to compact laser-driven accelerators* for security and medical applications. A density-modulated plasma waveguide could be applied to extend the laser beam propagation distance and to achieve quasi-phase matching (QPM) between laser and electron pulses for efficient DLA. We conduct numerical simulations to design the appropriate plasma structure of the waveguides and investigate the properties of accelerated electron beams. An all-optical method, based on the igniter-heater scheme for plasma waveguide fabrication, is experimentally implemented to machine the density-modulated plasma waveguides with low-Z gas targets. A novel angle-multiplexed diagnostic technique has been developed to extract the polarization state and temporal characteristics of a radially polarized femtosecond laser pulse using spatial-spectral interferometry. The goal of our experiments is to characterize the propagation of femtosecond radially polarized pulses in plasma waveguides. P. Serafim, et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 1155 (2000). M. -W. Lin and I. Jovanovic, Phys. Plasmas 19, 113104 (2012). *P. Bowlan, et al., Opt. Exp. 14, 11892 (2006)

TUPFI003	The Accelerator Design of Muon g-2 Experiment at J-PARC	rfq, proton, acceleration, beam-transport	1334
	S. Artikova, F. Naito, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	New muon g-2 experiment at J-PARC is aimed to improve the precise measurement of the muon g-2. In this experiment, the ultra-cold muons created in the muonium target region is reaccelerated to around 300MeV/c in momentum (210 MeV kinetic energy) to then be injected into the muon g-2 storage ring to measure the decay products depending on the muon spin. The linac has advantage over circular accelerators to shorten the reacceleration time in the limited life time of muon. The muon linac consists of the initial acceleration (to 0.01 of v/c), bunching section (0.01 to 0.08 of v/c), low beta section (0.08 to 0.3 of v/c), middle beta section (0.3 to 0.7 of v/c) and high beta section (0.7 to 0.94 of v/c). As a part of the design consideration of this linac, we mainly present the simulation result of initial acceleration and further acceleration of muons with RFQ. An electric field is used to extract the ultra-cold muons from the laser ionization region and RF field is used to create some bunches and to accelerate to higher energies.

TUPFI010	The LHCb Online Luminosity Control and Monitoring	luminosity, controls, dipole, proton	1346
	R. Alemany-Fernandez, F. Follin, R. Jacobsson CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The online luminosity control consists of an automatic slow real-time feedback system controlled by specific LHCb software, which communicates directly with a LHC software application. The LHC application drives a set of corrector magnets to adjust the transversal beam overlap at the LHCb interaction point in order to keep the instantaneous luminosity aligned to the target luminosity provided by the experiment. It was proposed and tested first in July 2010, and it has been in routine operation during the first two years of physics luminosity data taking, 2011 and 2012. This paper describes the operational performance of the LHCb experiment and the LHC accelerator during the luminosity control of the experiment, the accounting of the recorded luminosity and dead time of the detector, and analyses the beam stability during the adjustment of the transverse beam overlap at the interaction point.

TUPFI012	HL-LHC: Integrated Luminosity and Availability	luminosity, simulation, collider, hadron	1352
	A. Apollonio, M. Jonker, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, S. Wagner, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The objective of LHC operation is to optimise the output for particle physics by maximising the integrated luminosity. An important constraint comes from the event pile–up for one bunch crossing that should not exceed 140 events per bunch crossing. With bunches every 25 ns the luminosity for data taking of the experiments should therefore not exceed 5*10³⁴ s⁻¹cm^-2. For the optimisation of the integrated luminosity it is planned to design HL-LHC for much higher luminosity than acceptable for the experiments and to limit the initial luminosity by operating with larger beam size at the collision points. During the fill, the beam size will be slowly reduced to keep the luminosity constant. The gain from luminosity levelling depends on the average length of the fills. Today, with the LHC operating at 4 TeV, most fills are terminated due to equipment failures, resulting in an average fill length of about 5 h. In this paper we discuss the expected integrated luminosity for HL-LHC as a function of fill length and time between fills, depending on the expected MTBF of the LHC systems with HL-LHC parameters. We derive an availability target for HL-LHC and discuss steps to achieve this.

TUPFI016	Optimization of Triplet Quadrupoles Field Quality for the LHC High Luminosity Lattice at Collision Energy	quadrupole, lattice, dynamic-aperture, luminosity	1364
	Y. Nosochkov, Y. Cai, M.-H. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, E. McIntosh CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work supported by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404; and by the US DOE contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. For the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC), the beta functions at two interaction points (IP) will be significantly reduced compared to the nominal LHC lattice. This will result in much higher peak beta functions in the inner triplet (IT) quadrupoles adjacent to these IPs. The consequences are a larger beam size in these quadrupoles, higher IT chromaticity, and stronger effects of the IT field errors on dynamic aperture (DA). The IT chromaticity will be compensated using the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing scheme. The increased IT beam size will be accommodated by installing large aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupoles with 150 mm coil diameter. The field error tolerances in these magnets must satisfy the required acceptable DA while being reasonably close to realistically achievable field quality. Evaluation of the IT field errors was performed for the LHC upgrade layout version SLHCV3.01 with IT gradient of 123 T/m and IP collision beta functions of 15 cm in both planes. Dynamic aperture calculations were performed using SixTrack. Details of the optimization of the IT field errors are presented along with corrections to achieve the field quality specifications. S. Fartoukh, “An Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme for LHC Upgrade’’, in proceedings of IPAC11, p. 2088.

TUPFI018	A Simplified Magnetic Field Tapering and Target Optimisation for the Neutrino Factory Capture System	solenoid, proton, interaction-region, factory	1370
	I. Efthymiopoulos, S.S. Gilardoni, O.M. Hansen, G. Prior CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O.M. Hansen University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway G. Prior University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
	In the Neutrino Factory, a 4 MW proton beam with a kinetic energy between 5 and 15 GeV interacts with a liquid mercury jet target in order to produce pions that will decay to muons, which in turn decay to neutrinos. The baseline-capturing layout consists of a series of solenoids producing a tapered magnetic field from 20 T, near the target, down to 1.5 T at the entrance of the drift section where the captured pions decay into muons to produce a useful beam for the machine. In our alternative layout the magnetic field is rapidly squeezed from 20 T to 1.5T using only three solenoids. This layout showed to produce similar performance, having the advantage being simpler and could potentially be made more robust to radiation. Here we report on further optimization studies taking into account the complete path and shape fluctuations of the Hg-jet.

TUPFI019	Magnet Misalignment Studies for the Front-end of the Neutrino Factory	lattice, simulation, proton, factory	1373
	G. Prior, I. Efthymiopoulos CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D.V. Neuffer, P. Snopok Fermilab, Batavia, USA C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	In the Neutrino Factory Front-End the muon beam coming from the interaction of a high-power (4 MW) proton beam on a mercury jet target, is transformed through a buncher, a phase rotator and an ionization cooling channel before entering the downstream acceleration system. The muon Front-End channel is densely packed with solenoid magnets, normal conducting radio-frequency cavities and absorber windows (for the cooling section). The tolerance to the misalignment of the different components has to be determined in order on one hand to set the limits beyond which the performance of the Front-End channel would be degraded; on the other hand to optimize the design and assembly of the Front-End cells such that the component alignment can be checked and corrected for where crucial for the performance of the channel. In this paper we will show the results of the simulations of the Front-End channel performance where different components such as magnets, cavities have been randomly shifted or rotated. Detailed simulations have been done in G4BeamLine. T. J. Roberts et al. G4BeamLine 2.06 (2010) http://g4beamline.muonsinc.com/

TUPFI026	Investigations of the LHC Emittance Blow-Up during the 2012 Proton Run	emittance, injection, luminosity, proton	1394
	M. Kuhn Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany G. Arduini, P. Baudrenghien, J. Emery, A. Guerrero, W. Höfle, V. Kain, M. Lamont, T. Mastoridis, F. Roncarolo, M. Sapinski, M. Schaumann, R.J. Steinhagen, G. Trad, D. Valuch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	About 30 % of the potential luminosity performance is lost through the different phases of the LHC cycle, mainly due to transverse emittance blow-up. Measuring the emittance growth is a difficult task with high intensity beams and changing energies. Improvements of the LHC transverse profile instrumentation helped to study various effects. A breakdown of the growth through the different phases of the LHC cycle is given as well as a comparison with the data from the LHC experiments for transverse beam size. In 2012 a number of possible sources and remedies have been studied. Among these are intra beam scattering, 50 Hz noise and the effect of the transverse damper gain. The results of the investigations are summarized in this paper. Requirements for transverse profile instrumentation for post LHC long shutdown operation to finally tackle the emittance growth are given as well.

TUPFI029	Luminosity Lifetime at the LHC in 2012 Proton Physics Operation	luminosity, emittance, proton, optics	1403
	M. Hostettler, G. Papotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In 2012, the LHC was operated at 4 TeV flat top energy with beam parameters that allowed exceeding a peak instantaneous luminosity of 7500 (ub*s)^-1 and a total of 23 fb^-1 integrated luminosity in the ATLAS and CMS experiments. This paper elaborates on the evolution of the LHC luminosity and luminosity lifetime during proton physics fills and through the year 2012. Bunch to bunch differences and the impact of different machine settings are highlighted.

TUPFI046	The MICE Experiment	solenoid, emittance, simulation, quadrupole	1454
	A.P. Blondel DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
	Ionization Cooling is the only practical solution to preparing high brilliance muon beams for a neutrino factory or muon collider. MICE is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). It is characterized by exquisite emittance determination by 6D measurement of individual particles, a cooling section comprising 23 MV of acceleration at 200 MHz and 3 liquid hydrogen absorbers totaling 1m of liquid hydrogen on the path of 140-240 MeV/c muons. The beam has already been commissioned successfully and first measurements of beam emittance performed. We are setting up for the final high precision emittance determination and the measurements of cooling in Li Hydrogen. The design offers opportunities to observe cooling with various absorbers and several optics configurations. Results will be compared with detailed simulations of cooling channel performance to ensure full understanding of the cooling process. Progress towards the full cooling experiment with RF re-acceleration will also be reported. Submitted by the MICE speakers bureau hoping for a contributed oral to be give by the spokesperson, prof. A. Blondel

TUPFI055	Stochastic Injection Scenarios and Performance for NuSTORM	injection, storage-ring, proton, simulation	1469
	D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA A. Liu Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
	At Fermilab, we are developing NuSTORM (Neutrinos from STORed Muons), a neutrino beam from muon decay in a long straight section of a storage ring. The baseline design for NuSTORM uses what was called “stochastic injection”. In that method, high-energy protons on a nuclear target produce pions that are directed by a chicane into a straight section of the storage ring. Pions that decay within that straight section can provide lower-energy muons that are within the circulating acceptance of the storage ring. This decay acceptance enables injection for multiple storage ring turns without kickers, and muon accumulation can be reasonably high. The design of a muon storage ring with pion injection is described and simulations of acceptance are discussed. Alternative injection approaches are also discussed.

TUPFI056	A Muon Collider as a Higgs Factory	collider, luminosity, emittance, factory	1472
	D.V. Neuffer, Y.I. Alexahin, M.A. Palmer Fermilab, Batavia, USA C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons. Inc., USA J.-P. Delahaye SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Because muons connect directly to a standard-model Higgs particle in s-channel production, a muon collider would be an ideal device for precision measurement of the mass and width of a Higgs-like particle, and for further exploration of its production and decay properties. The LHC has seen evidence for a 126 GeV Higgs particle, and a muon collider at that energy could be constructed. Parameters of a high-precision muon collider are presented and the necessary components and performance are described. An important advantage of the muon collider approach is that the spin precession of the muons will enable energy measurements at extremely high accuracy (E/E to 10^-6 or better). Extension to a higher-energy higher-luminosity device is also discussed.

TUPFI057	Muon Accelerators for the Next Generation of High Energy Physics Experiments	collider, factory, proton, background	1475
	M.A. Palmer, S. Brice, A.D. Bross, D.S. Denisov, E. Eichten, R.J. Lipton, D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons. Inc., USA S.A. Bogacz JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA J.-P. Delahaye SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA P. Huber Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA D.M. Kaplan, P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA R.D. Ryne LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation Muon accelerator technology offers a unique and very promising avenue to a facility capable of producing high intensity muon beams for neutrino factory and multi-TeV lepton collider applications. The goal of the US Muon Accelerator Program is to provide an assessment, within the next 6 years, of the physics potential and technical feasibility of such a facility. This talk will describe the physics opportunities that are envisioned, along with the R&D efforts that are being undertaken to address key accelerator physics and technology questions.

TUPFI066	Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment Step VI	solenoid, simulation, emittance, site	1502
	D. Rajaram Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA P. Snopok IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	In the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) the transverse emittance of the muon beam is reduced (muon cooling) by passing it through low-Z material, then through RF cavities to compensate for the energy loss. Transverse emittance reduction of the muon beam will be demonstrated for the first time in MICE Step IV configuration using liquid Hydrogen absorbers as well as a variety of solid absorbers. Current status and efforts towards Step IV are summarized, including hardware fabrication and testing, Monte Carlo simulations, track reconstruction algorithms.

TUPFI067	Energy Deposition and Shielding Study of the Front End for the Neutrino Factory	shielding, proton, solenoid, factory	1505
	P. Snopok IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	In the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider muons are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are then accelerated. This method of pion production results in significant background from protons and electrons, which may result in heat deposition on superconducting materials and activation of the machine preventing manual handling. In this paper we discuss the design of a secondary particle handling system. The system comprises a solenoidal chicane that filters high momentum particles, followed by a proton absorber that reduces the energy of all particles, resulting in the rejection of low energy protons that pass through the solenoid chicane. We detail the design and optimization of the system, its integration with the rest of the muon front end, and energy deposition and shielding analysis in MARS15.

TUPFI069	Influence of Proton Beam Emittances on Particle Production off a Muon Collider Target	proton, emittance, collider, factory	1511
	X.P. Ding, D.B. Cline UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CHI10886. A free-mercury-jet or a free-gallium-jet is considered for the pion-production target at a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory. Based on a simple Gaussian incident proton beams with an infinitely large Courant-Snyder β parameters, we have previously optimized the geometric parameters of the target to maximize particle production initiated by incoming protons with kinetic energies (KE) between 2 and 16 GeV by using the MARS15 code. In this paper, we extend our optimization to focused proton beams with various transverse emittances. For the special cases of proton beams with emittances of 2.5, 5 or 10 μm-rad and a kinetic energy of 8 GeV, we optimized the geometric parameters of the target: the radius of the proton beam, the radius of the liquid jet, the crossing angle between the jet and the proton beam, and the incoming proton beam angle. We also study the influence of a shift of the beam focal point relative to the intersection point of the beam and the jet.

TUPFI073	Design of Magnets for the Target and Decay Region of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory Target	factory, collider, solenoid, proton	1514
	R.J. Weggel, N. Souchlas Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	The target and decay region of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory transports pions and muons in a superconducting solenoid channel that must be protected from radiation damage secondary particles produced by the 4-MW proton beam. For this, He-gas-cooled tungsten beads will be arrayed inside the magnet coils, which leads to large coil radii and high stored magnetic energy (~3 GJ). The design of the superconducting coils, and the tungsten shielding for the ~ 50-m-long target and decay region is reviewed.

TUPFI074	Design of the Final Focus of the Proton Beam for a Neutrino Factory	proton, factory, quadrupole, collider	1517
	J. Pasternak, M. Aslaninejad Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom K. E. Gollwitzer Fermilab, Batavia, USA H.G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	The ~ 8-GeV, 4-MW proton beam that drives a Neutrino Factory has a nominal 50-Hz macropulse structure with 2-3 micropulses ~ 100 ns apart. The nominal geometric beam emittance is 5 micron, and the desired rms beam radius at the liquid-metal-jet target is 1.2 mm. A quadrupole-triplet focusing system to deliver this beam spot is described.

TUPFI075	Optimizing Muon Capture and Transport for a Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Front End	solenoid, proton, factory, collider	1520
	H. K. Sayed, J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	In the baseline scheme of the Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider a muon beam from pion decay is produced by bombarding a liquid-mercury-jet target with a 4-MW pulsed proton beam. The target is embedded in a high-field solenoid magnet that is followed by a lower field Decay Channel. The adiabatic variation in solenoid field strength along the beam near the target performs an emittance exchange that affects the performance of the downstream Buncher, Phase Rotator, and Cooling Channel. An optimization was performed using MARS1510 and ICOOL codes in which the initial and final solenoid fields strengths, as well as the rate of change of the field along the beam, were varied to maximize the number of muons delivered to the Cooling Channel that fall within the acceptance cuts of the subsequent muon-acceleration systems.

TUPME003	Simulations of the ILC Positron Source at Low Energies	positron, undulator, electron, polarization	1562
	A. Ushakov, V.S. Kovalenko, G.A. Moortgat-Pick University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany S. Riemann, F. Staufenbiel DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Optimization", contract number 19XL7Ic4 The International Linear Collider (ILC) baseline design includes an undulator-based positron source. The accelerated electron beam will be used for the positron generation before it goes to the collision point. For the whole ILC energy range the source has to generate 1.5 positrons per electron. However, the efficiency of positron production goes down with decreasing electron drive beam energy. This effect can be compensated to some extend by the choice of undulator parameters and an optimized capture section. The simulation study considers for the range of electron beam energies down to low values of 120 GeV the feasibility to achieve the required positron yield. In particular, the optimum parameters for undulator and capture section are presented depending on the drive electron beam energy.

TUPME005	Preparations for Beam Tests of a CLIC Damping Wiggler Prototype at ANKA	wiggler, damping, emittance, storage-ring	1568
	A. Bernhard, E. Huttel, P. Peiffer KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany A.V. Bragin, N.A. Mezentsev, V.M. Syrovatin, K. Zolotarev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia P. Ferracin, D. Schoerling CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will require ultra-low emittance electron and positron beams. The targeted emittance will be achieved by radiative damping in the CLIC damping rings. For an efficient damping high-field short-period superconducting damping wigglers will be employed. In the conceptual design phase of CLIC, the basic layout of these wigglers has been elaborated at CERN. In the course of the CLIC technical feasibility studies a full-scale damping wiggler prototype will be installed and tested in the ANKA storage ring. The device is currently under design and construction at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia. Above the magnetic requirements, the main design challenges for the prototype are scalability –- particularly of the cooling concept –-, modularity and the capability of sustaining a high radiative heat load. The experiments at ANKA aim at a validation of the technical concepts applied to meet these requirements. Beyond that an extended experimental program on beam dynamics and alternative technical solutions is envisaged. This contribution gives an overview over the current status of the project and the further planning.

TUPME006	Simulation of Stress in Positron Targets for Future Linear Colliders	photon, positron, undulator, electron	1571
	F. Staufenbiel, S. Riemann DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
	Future linear collider projects require intense positron sources with yields of about 10¹⁴ positrons per second. The positron source for the ILC is based on a helical undulator passed by the accelerated electron beam to create an intense circularly polarized photon beam. The positron beam produced by these photons is longitudinally polarized. The intense photon beam causes rapid temperature increase in the target material resulting in periodic stress. The average and peak thermal and mechanical load are simulated. Implications due to long-term target irradiation are considered.

TUPME029	VEPP-4: Application Beyond the High Energy Physics	electron, positron, collider, radiation	1637
	O.I. Meshkov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The current status of VEPP-4M electron-positron collider has been described. During fall of 2011 the accelerator was shut down for planned reconstruction of KEDR detector. The next long run of the collider will be dedicated to the experiments at high energy physics within area of 2-5 GeV. Nevertheless, the set of experiments at booster VEPP-3 were continued. VEPP-3 was operated as an SR source, the experiment with internal target was performed and electron/positron scattering at proton was studied. The short runs of VEPP-4M were used as for commissioning of the new “warm” 3T wiggler as for experiments with an extracted electron beam dedicated for testing of different high energy physics detectors. The experiment of comparing of anomalous magnetic moment of electron and positron is con-tinued at VEPP-4M. The system of RF beam shifting is installed at a straight section of the accelerator. It is applied for elimination of parasitic interaction points of electron and positron beams. The first experiments with this system are described. KEDR detector reconstruction should be finished at autumn of 2013. The future experiments with KEDR detector are discussed.

TUPME042	The SPS as an Ultra-low Emittance Damping Ring Test Facility for CLIC	damping, emittance, wiggler, optics	1661
	Y. Papaphilippou, R. Corsini, L.R. Evans CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In view of the plans for a future electron/positron linear collider based on the CLIC technology, an ultra-low emittance damping ring test facility is proposed, using the CERN SPS. Optics modification, required wiggler length and characteristics, energy and RF parameters are presented in order to reach CLIC performance requirements, including the effect of Intrabeam Scattering. Considerations about the necessary injected beam characteristics, its production and transfer through the existing CERN accelerator complex are also discussed.

TUPME067	Design Concept of a Gamma-gamma Higgs Factory Driven by Thin Laser Targets and Energy Recovery Linacs	laser, photon, electron, collider	1721
	Y. Zhang JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. A gamma-gamma collider has long been considered an option for a Higgs Factory. Such photon colliders usually rely on Compton back-scattering for generating high energy gamma photons and further Higgs bosons through gamma-gamma collisions. The presently existing proposals or design concepts all have chosen a very thick laser target (i.e., high laser photon intensity) for Compton scatterings. In this paper, we present a new design concept of a gamma-gamma collider utilizing a thin laser target (i.e., relatively low photon density), thus leading to a low electron to gamma photon conversion rate. This new concept eliminates most useless and harmful low energy soft gamma photons from multiple Compton scattering so the detector background is improved. It also greatly relaxes the requirement of the high peak power of the laser, a significant technical challenge. A high luminosity for such a gamma-gamma collider can be achieved through an increase of the bunch repetition rate and current of the driven electron beam. Further, multi-pass recirculating linac could greatly reduce the linac cost and energy recovery is required to reduce the needed RF power.

TUPWO004	Preliminary Design of a 4 MW Proton Beam Switchyard for a Neutrino Super Beam Production Facility	proton, kicker, dipole, quadrupole	1880
	E. Bouquerel, M. Dracos, F.R. Osswald IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	Funding: European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372. The feasibility of the distribution of 4 MW proton beam power onto a 4-targets horn system for neutrino super-beams production is discussed. A preliminary solution using a pair of bipolar kickers to route the beam onto the targets at a repetition rate of 50 Hz (12.5 Hz per beam line) is proposed. Compensating dipoles would apply symmetry in the system. Magnetic fields induced by these optical elements would not exceed 0.96 T. Studies of the beam envelopes with the code TRANSPORT suggest the use of three quadrupoles per beam line located after the dipoles to focus the 4 mm σ beam onto each target. The length of this switchyard system is estimated to be 29.9 m and 3 m radius.

TUPWO024	The Study of a Calculation Method for Measurement of Diagnostic Neutral Beam Property	plasma, neutral-beams, ion, extraction	1934
	L.Z. Liang, C.D. Hu, J.L. Wei ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11075183. Considering the beam divergence and the convergence of the spherical electrode, the beam transmission model is presented, and the variation of beam edge is described by a formula, which is used to calculate the beam divergence half-angle with the experimental data obtained by the thermocouples. Assuming the beam divergence half-angle is constant in space and time, the beam profile distribution formula and variation of beam axial intensity are introduced. Taking the HT-7 Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB) as a reference, the divergence half-angle is calculated for the neutral beam shot 60901. The 1/e half-width of beam at collimation target calculated by formula is in agreement with that of experimental data. Variation of beam edge and axial intensity with downstream distance is estimated for HT-7 diagnostic neutral beam.

WEOAB203	The PEPPo Concept for a Polarized Positron Source	positron, electron, polarization, photon	2088
	E. J-M. Voutier LPSC, Grenoble, France
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Polarized positron beams are identified as an essential ingredient for the experimental program at the next generation of lepton accelerators (JLab, Super KEK B, ILC, CLIC). A proof-of-principle experiment for a new method to produce polarized positrons has recently been performed at the Jefferson Laboratory. The PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) concept relies on the production of polarized e⁺e⁻ pairs from the bremsstrahlung radiation of a longitudinally polarized electron beam interacting within a high Z conversion target. The experiment was performed at the injector of the CEBAF accelerator at JLab and investigated the polarization transfer of an 8.3 MeV/c polarized electron beam to positrons produced in varying production target thicknesses. A dedicated new beam-line was constructed to produce, collect and transport positrons in the momentum range of 3.2 MeV/c to 6.2 MeV/c to a polarized iron target for polarization measurements. This technique potentially opens a new pathway for both high energy and thermal polarized positron beams. This presentation will discuss the PEPPo concept, the motivations for the experiment and the preliminary experimental results. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.
	Slides WEOAB203 [4.102 MB]

WEOBB203	Design of Phase Feed Forward System in CTF3 and Performance of Fast Beam Phase Monitors	kicker, optics, quadrupole, pick-up	2097
	P. Skowroński, A. Andersson, A. Gerbershagen, E. Ikarios, J. Roberts CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, A. Gerbershagen, C. Perry, J. Roberts JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, A. Gerbershagen, C. Perry Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy E. Ikarios National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
	Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project Eu- CARD, grant agreement no. 227579 The CLIC two beam acceleration technology requires a drive beam phase stability of better than 0.3 deg rms at 12 GHz, corresponding to a timing stability below 50 fs rms. For this reason the CLIC design includes a phase stabilization feed-forward system. It relies on precise beam phase measurement and its subsequent correction in a chicane with help of fast kickers. A prototype of such a system is being installed in CLIC Test Facility CTF3. In this paper we describe in detail its design and implementation. Additionally, we present and discuss the performance of the precision phase monitor prototypes installed at the end of the CTF3 linac, measured with the drive beam. We would like to acknowledge support of G.Sensolini, A.Zolla (INFN/LNF Frascati), N.S.Chritin and J-M.Scigliuto (CERN) in design and fabrication of components.
	Slides WEOBB203 [6.770 MB]

WEIB203	Industrialization of ILC from a View Point of Industry	cavity, HOM, vacuum, status	2110
	K. Sennyu, H. Hara, F. Inoue, K. Kanaoka, K. Okihira MHI, Hiroshima, Japan
	Cavity performance has been improved by various efforts to meet the ILC spec stably in these days. For industrialization, not only Quality but also Cost and Delivery time, that is, QCD are important. We report our activities for stable quality and cost reduction in this report.
	Slides WEIB203 [5.789 MB]

WEPWA011	Injector Linac for the MESA Facility	linac, booster, SRF, electron	2150
	R.G. Heine, K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research (BMBF) and German Research Foundation (DFG) under the Cluster of Excellence "PRISMA" In this paper we present several possible configurations of an injector linac for the upcoming Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA)* and discuss their suitability for the project. *R. Heine, K. Aulenbacher, R. Eichhorn "MESA - Sketch of An Energy Recovery Linac For Nuclear Physics Experiments At Mainz" IPAC 12, New Orleans, USA, 2012, p.1993, TUPR073

WEPWA059	Operation of the Drive Laser System for the 2998 MHz NSRRC Photoinjector	laser, gun, cathode, electron	2250
	M.C. Chou, W.K. Lau, A.P. Lee NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	A 266nm UV laser system has been installed as the drive laser of the NSRRC 2998 MHz photo-cathode rf gun. We will report our experiences on using such laser system for rf gun beam test. UV optics for laser beam transport as well as shaping technique we used for emittance preservation will also be presented.

WEPWA077	Aperture Test for Internal Target Operation in the JLAB High-current ERL	FEL, electron, diagnostics, radiation	2289
	S. Zhang, S.V. Benson, G.H. Biallas, K. Blackburn, J.R. Boyce, D.B. Bullard, J.L. Coleman, J. Delk, D. Douglas, P. Evtushenko, C.W. Gould, J.G. Gubeli, F.E. Hannon, D. Hardy, C. Hernandez-Garcia, K. Jordan, J.M. Klopf, R.A. Legg, M. Marchlik, W. Moore, G. Neil, J. Powers, T. Powers, D.W. Sexton, M.D. Shinn, C. Tennant, R.L. Walker, G.P. Williams, F.G. Wilson JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA J. Balewski, J. Bernauer, W. Bertozzi, R.F. Cowan, P.F. Fisher, E. Ihloff, A. Kelleher, R. Milner, L. Ou, B.A. Schmookler, c. Tschalär MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA N. Kalantarians Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Supported by the Commonwealth of Virginia, U.S. DOE Nuclear and High Energy Physics, and by the U.S. DOE Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. DE-AC05-060R23177. A high current beam transmission test has been successfully completed at the JLAB FEL Facility, culminating in very low-loss transmission of a high current CW beam through a small aperture. The purpose of this test was to determine if an ERL is capable of meeting the stringent requirements imposed by the use of a 10¹⁸/cm³ internal gas target proposed for the DarkLight experiment. Minimal beamline modifications were made to create a machine configuration that is substantially different from those used in routine UV or IR FEL operation. A sustained (8 hour) high power beam run was performed, with clean transmission through a 2 mm transverse aperture of 127 mm length simulating the target configuration. A beam size of 50 um (rms) was measured near the center of the aperture. Experimental data from a week-long test run consistently exhibited beam loss of only a few ppm on the aperture while running 4.5 mA current at 100 MeV – or nearly 0.5 MW beam power. This surpassed the users’ expectation and demonstrated a unique capability of an ERL for this type of experiments. This report presents a summary of the experiment, a brief overview of our activities, and outlines future plans. References: P. Fisher, et al.,“Jlab PR-11-008: A Proposal for the DarkLight Experiment at the Jefferson Laboratory Free Electron Laser.” http://www.jlab.org/exp_prog/proposals/11prop.html

WEPWO008	SRF Conical Half-wave Resonator Tuning Developments	cavity, simulation, resonance, cryomodule	2325
	E.N. Zaplatin FZJ, Jülich, Germany A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	Funding: This Work is supported by the DOE SBIR Program, contract # DE-SC0006302. A conical Half-Wave Resonator is considered as an option for a first accelerating cavity for β=v/c=0.11 with the resonance frequency 162.5 MHz for a high-intensity proton accelerator complex proposed at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Project X). We present results of different options of the cavity mechanical tuning. The "standard" tuning method of beam port deformations is an effective tuning method still requiring a relatively high tuning pressure. The side tuning is considered as a novel option for the resonance frequency adjustment featuring lower tuning force and an option of the structure design for the resonator frequency shift self compensation.

WEPWO017	Efforts on Nondestructive Inspections for SC Cavities	cavity, laser, SRF, cryogenics	2352
	Y. Iwashita, Y. Fuwa, M. Hashida, S. Sakabe, S. Tokita, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan H. Hayano, K. Watanabe, Y. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Otani INRS-EMT, Varennes (Québec), Canada
	The high resolution camera, so-called Kyoto Camera, inspecting the Sc cavity inner surface showed the importance of nondestructive inspections to improve yield in production of high performance SC Cavities. Further efforts have been continued for the inspection and the high resolution T-map, X-map and eddy current scanner have been developed. A radiography to detect small voids inside the Nb EBW seam with the target resolution of 0.1 mm is under investigation. We have carried out radiography tests with X-rays induced from an ultra short pulse intense laser.

WEPWO044	RF Characterization of Niobium Films for Superconducting Cavities	niobium, quadrupole, plasma, ion	2399
	S. Aull, S. Calatroni, S. Döbert, T. Junginger, G. Terenziani CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Aull University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany A.P. Ehiasarian, G. Terenziani Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom J. Knobloch HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the Wolfgang-Gentner-Programme of the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) The surface resistance RS of superconductors shows a complex dependence on the external parameters such as temperature, frequency or radio-frequency (RF) field. The excited modes of 400, 800 and 1200 MHz allow measurements at actual operating frequencies of superconducting cavities. Niobium films on copper substrates have several advantages over bulk niobium cavities. HiPIMS (High-power impulse magnetron sputtering) is a promising technique to increase the quality and therefore the performance of niobium films. This contribution will introduce CERNs recently developed HiPIMS coating apparatus. Moreover, first results of niobium coated copper samples will be presented, revealing the dominant loss mechanisms.

WEPWO066	Frequency Control in the Cornell-ERL Main-Linac Cavity Production	cavity, niobium, controls, LabView	2453
	V.D. Shemelin, B. Bullock, P.R. Carriere, B. Clasby, R. Eichhorn, B. Elmore, J.J. Kaufman, J. Sears CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: NSF award DMR-0807731 Cavity fabrication can be broken down into three main stages: deep-drawing cups, welding the cups in pairs to obtain “dumbbells” and end groups, and, finally, welding the obtained components into a completed cavity. Frequency measurements and precise machining were implemented after the second stage. A custom RF fixture and data acquisition system were used for this purpose. The system comprised of a mechanical press with RF contacts, a network analyzer, a load cell and custom LabVIEW and MATLAB scripts. To extract the individual frequencies of the cups from these measurements, algorithm of calculations was developed. Corrections for the ambient environment were also incorporated into the measurement protocol. Two 7-cell 1.3 GHz cavities were produced with high field flatness immediately after fabrication.

WEPWO087	Parameter Optimization for Laser Polishing of Niobium for SRF Applications	laser, niobium, cavity, SRF	2498
	L. Zhao, M.J. Kelley The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA M.J. Kelley, J.M. Klopf, C.E. Reece JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Surface smoothness is critical to the performance of SRF cavities. As laser technology has been widely applied to metal machining and surface treatment, we are encouraged to use it on niobium as an alternative to the traditional wet polishing process where aggressive chemicals are involved. In this study, we describe progress toward smoothing by optimizing laser parameters on BCP treated niobium surfaces. Results show that microsmoothing of the surface without ablation is achievable.
	Poster WEPWO087 [1.683 MB]

WEPEA063	Upgrades and Consolidation of the CERN AD for Operation during the Next Decades	controls, antiproton, electron, vacuum	2654
	T. Eriksson, M. E. Angoletta, L. Arnaudon, J.A. Baillie, M. Calviani, F. Caspers, L.V. Joergensen, R. Kersevan, G. Le Godec, R. Louwerse, M. Ludwig, S. Maury, A. Newborough, C. Oliveira, G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	As the ELENA project is now well underway, focus is turned to the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) itself. Most of the machine’s key components are in operation since more than 25 years and a substantial consolidation program is now being launched in view of continued operation beyond 2025. Over the course of the next few years a progressive consolidation of the AD-Target area, the AD-ring and all associated systems will take place. Several investigations have recently been performed in the target area with the objective of establishing the radiation environment and the sensitivity of the antiproton production to potential misalignment of the production elements. Identification of reliability and serviceability issues of the AD-ring components and associated systems has been done and will continue during the 2013 shut-down. Planned and ongoing consolidation activities are also discussed with emphasis on stochastic and electron beam cooling, instrumentation, RF systems, vacuum, magnets, power converters and beam transfer equipment.

WEPEA071	Performance Limitations in the Lhc Due to Parasitic Beam-Beam Encounters - Parameter Dependence, Scaling, and Pacman Effects	dynamic-aperture, beam-beam-effects, emittance, luminosity	2672
	T. Pieloni EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland X. Buffat, R. Calaga, R. Calaga, R. Giachino, W. Herr, E. Métral, G. Papotti, G. Trad CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Kaltchev TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	We studied possible limitations due to the long-range beam-beam effects in the LHC. With a large number of bunches and collisions in all interaction points, we have reduced the crossing angles (separation) to enhance long-range beam-beam effects to evaluate their influence on dynamic aperture and losses. Different β^*, number of bunches and intensities have been used in several dedicated experiments and allow the test of the expected scaling laws.

WEPEA074	Optimisation of the Beam Line for COMET Phase-I	dipole, electron, solenoid, background	2681
	A. Kurup, I. Puri, Y. Uchida, Y. Yap Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom R. Appleby, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.T.P. D'Arcy, A. Edmonds, M. Lancaster, M. Wing UCL, London, United Kingdom
	The COMET experiment will search for very rare muon processes that will give us an insight into particle physics beyond the Standard Model. COMET requires an intense beam of muons with a momentum less than 70 MeV/c. This is achieved using an 8 GeV proton beam; a heavy metal target to primarily produce pions; a solenoid capture system; and a curved solenoid to perform charge and momentum selection. It was recently proposed to build COMET is two phases with physics measurements being made in both phases. This requires re-optimising the beam line for a shorter curved solenoid. This will affect the pion and muon yield; the momentum distributions at the detector; and the collimator scheme required. This paper will present the beam line design for COMET Phase-I, which aims to maximise the yield for low momentum muons suppressing sources of backgrounds in the beam.

WEPFI023	Study on Two-cell RF-deflector Cavity for Ultra-short Electron Bunch Measurement	cavity, electron, gun, simulation	2753
	Y. Nishimura, K. Sakaue, T. Takahashi, M. Washio Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan T. Takatomi, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 10001690 and the Quantum Beam Technology Program of MEXT. We have been developing an S-band Cs-Te photocathode rf electron gun system for pulse radiolysis and laser Compton scattering experiment at Waseda University. These researches demand for high quality and well controlled electron beam. In order to measure the ultra-short electron bunch, we decided to use rf-deflector cavity, which can convert the longitudinal distribution to that of transverse. With this technique, the longitudinal bunch profile can be obtained as the transverse profile. We used the 3D electromagnetic simulation codes HFSS for designing rf deflector cavity and GPT for beam tracking. The cavity has 2 cell structures operating on π mode, standing wave, dipole (TM120) mode at 2856MHz. We have confirmed on HFSS that 2 cell rf-deflector cavity can produce 660G magnetic field per cell on beam line with 750kW input rf power. This field strength is enough for our target, which is 100fs bunch length measurement at 4.3MeV. In this conference, we will present the cavity structure design, the present progresses and future plan.

WEPFI037	Recent Status of a C-band 2MeV Accelerator	electron, laser, linac, status	2783
	W. Bai CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
	In order to carry out engineering research on miniaturization of accelerator, we performs effort to develop C-band 2MeV standing wave accelerator. At present , the important progress has been achieved on the accelerator development. The accelerating tube has been fully sealed, and the hot test platform of the accelerator has been built. In condition of repetition rate of 200Hz, preliminary power test has been got through. Using ionization chamber dose monitor, we tested the dose rate of X-ray at 1m before the target. And by means of steel absorption method, we tested the energy of the electron beam. The preliminary test results are: beam energy about 2.0MeV, dose rate about 2Gy/min•m.

WEPFI064	Prototype Refinement of the VELA Transverse Deflecting Cavity Design	cavity, simulation, vacuum, emittance	2842
	P. Goudket, S.R. Buckley, L.S. Cowie, A.E. Wheelhouse STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	The Versatile Linear Accelerator (VELA) at Daresbury Laboratory will deliver low energy (5/6 MeV) short bunches (~40 fs) to a number of industrial experimental stations and for scientific research. In order to measure the longitudinal profile of the bunch an S-band transverse deflecting cavity will be inserted into the beamline. A transverse kick of around 5 MV is required therefore a 9 cell design has been chosen. As part of the design iteration a three-cell prototype has been built. Frequency measurements have been performed on the prototype cavity as well as Coordinate Measuring Machine to confirm that the dimensions are to the required design tolerances. Subsequently, further modelling has been performed to improve and refine the design of the 9-cell cavity, to ensure that the frequency of the final design is within the tuning range of the water thermal control system and that the field flatness requirement can be obtained.

WEPME034	Motion Control of the Mirror Chamber	EPICS, controls, focusing	2998
	Z.H. Zhang, L.F. Zheng SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China W.H. Jia, P. Liu SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), CAS, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China The initial beamlines of SSRF have several mirror chambers. The motion mechanism of the mirror chamber consists of six step motors. Three vertical motors are used to achieve the height translation, the roll adjustment and the pitch adjustment. Two horizontal motors are used to achieve the horizon translation and the yaw adjustment. The mirror bending is achieved by a single motor. Except the bending, every motion needs two or three motors to work simultaneously. The VME systems are used in the control system. The EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) toolkits [1] are adopted to develop the control software. This paper describes how to use motor records, transform records and the EPICS database linking mechanism to form soft loops, which solve the difficulties of the complex motions perfectly. The system has been successfully applied in the mirror chambers at SSRF.

WEPME041	The Distance from CERN to LNGS	site, controls, survey, alignment	3016
	M.A. Jones, I. Efthymiopoulos, D.P. Missiaen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Obviously the distance between the CNGS Target at CERN and the LNGS Opera experiment cannot be measured directly and in fact requires the combination of three independent sets of measurements: two to link underground reference points at each site to corresponding points on the surface; and a third to link the surface points at both sites. Until the Opera results raised questions about the speed at which neutrinos travelled, the main alignment concern for the CNGS beamline had been an orientation problem -to ensure that the beamline arrived to within ~100 m of its target at LNGS. GPS measurements at the two sites, and the use of gyro-theodolite measurements in the tunnel at CERN, ensured that the absolute alignment of the beamline was established to the required accuracy. New determinations of the links between the surface and the tunnel were not considered necessary until interest grew in the distance between the sites, at which point additional measurement campaigns were organised in order to further reduce the uncertainty in the distance. Details of all these campaigns and the distance estimates will be given.

WEPME045	Development and Validation of a Multipoint Based Laser Alignment System for CLIC	laser, alignment, linac, linear-collider	3028
	G. Stern, J. Kemppinen, F. Lackner, H. Mainaud Durand, D. Piedigrossi, J. Sandomierski, M. Sosin CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Geiger, S. Guillaume ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
	Alignment is one of the major challenges within CLIC study, since all accelerator components have to be aligned with accuracy up to 10 μm over sliding windows of 200 m. So far, the straight line reference concept has been based on stretched wires coupled with Wire Positioning Sensors. This concept should be validated through inter-comparison with an alternative solution. This paper proposes an alternative concept where laser beam acts as straight line reference and optical shutters coupled with cameras visualise the beam. The principle was first validated by a series of tests using low-cost components. Yet, in order to further decrease measurement uncertainty in this validation step, a high-precision automatised micrometric table and reference targets have been added to the setup. The paper presents the results obtained with this new equipment, in terms of measurement precision. In addition, the paper gives an overview of first tests done at long distance (up to 53 m), having emphasis on beam divergence.

THOAB202	Secondary Neutron Production from Patients during Hadron Therapy and their Radiation Risks: the Other Side of Hadron Therapy	neutron, ion, proton, hadron	3118
	M.A. Chaudhri University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
	We were the first to calculate and measure the neutron produced from patients during therapy with bremsstrahlung, and estimated their radiation doses . This neutron output would be lot higher with hadrons due to their larger cross sections. There is no reliable/ useful data on this subject. Using the experimental neutron production data from different body elements, we have estimated the fluence and energies of these neutrons from tissue under irradiation with different hadrons. Our results indicate that at least 4.2 neutrons , with energies greater than 5 MeV, are produced for every C-ion of 400 MeV/u energy incident on tissue. This number reduces to 3, 1.4 and 0.3 respectively at C-energies of 300, 200 and 100 MeV /u. For protons these numbers are estimated to be 0.05, 0.2 and 0.4 per proton of energies 100, 200 and 300 MeV respectively. There would be even more neutrons with energies lesser than 5 MeV. The doses to some organs have been estimated, which are not negligible. A “Compromise optimum energy” concept is suggested. But extreme caution is highly recommend before treating patients with hadrons, especially children and younger people who still have many years to live. P.Allen and M.A Chaudhri, Phys. Med. Biol. 33 (1988) 1017
	Slides THOAB202 [3.644 MB]

THOAB203	100 MeV/100kW Electron Linear Accelerator Driver of the NSC KIPT Neutron Source	electron, neutron, gun, bunching	3121
	A.Y. Zelinsky, N. Ayzatsky, O. Bezditko, I.M. Karnaukhov, V.A. Kushnir, V. Mitrochenco NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine Y.L. Chi, X.W. Dai, C.D. Deng, M. Hou, X.C. Kong, R.L. Liu, W.B. Liu, C. Ma, G. Pei, S. Pei, H. Song, S. Wang, J.B. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y. Gohar ANL, Argonne, USA
	In NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine a neutron source based on a subcritical assembly driven by a 100MeV/100kW electron linear accelerator will be constructed. This neutron source is an USA (ANL)-Ukraine (KIPT) Joint project, and its Accelerator will be designed and constructed by Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), China. The design and construction of such a Accelerator with high average beam current and low beam power losses is a technical challenging task. In the paper, the main accelerator features and current status are under discussion.
	Slides THOAB203 [8.585 MB]

THPPA01	Realization of New Charge-state Stripper for High-power Uranium Ion Beams	stripper, ion, acceleration, electron	3135
	H. Imao RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Recent works to realize the new charge-state stripper using recirculating helium gas are presented. Very limited lifetimes of conventional solid-state strippers due to huge dE/dx for very heavy ion beams (e.g., for uranium ions, several thousand times larger than protons at the energy around 10 MeV/u) were a principal bottleneck for their multi-stage acceleration at high intensities. The new stripping system is characterized by its infinite lifetime, efficient stripping and small beam degradation even for the world’s most intense uranium ion beams provided by the RIBF (more than 1 pμA at the injected energy of 11 MeV/u). Successful operations of the system in 2012 greatly contribute to the remarkable expansion of the accelerator performance of the RIBF that will allow an enormous breakthrough for exploring new domains of the nuclear world in the next several years; the peak intensity of the uranium beam has reached 15.1 pnA (almost 10¹¹ pps) at 345 MeV/u and the average intensity provided for the users has become ten times higher than it was in 2011.
	Slides THPPA01 [6.535 MB]

THPEA004	Precise Verification of Phase and Amplitude Calibration by means of a Debunching Experiment in SIS18	controls, cavity, bunching, injection	3155
	U. Hartel, H. Klingbeil TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany J. Grieser, D.E.M. Lens TU Darmstadt, RTR, Darmstadt, Germany H. Klingbeil, U. Laier, K.-P. Ningel, S. Schäfer, B. Zipfel GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Several new rf cavity systems have to be realized for the FAIR synchrotrons and for the upgrade of the existing GSI synchrotron SIS18. For this purpose, a completely new low-level rf system architecture* has been developed, which is now used in SIS18 operation. Closed-loop control systems stabilize the amplitude and the phase of the rf gap voltages. Due to component imperfections the transmission and the detection of the actual values lead to systematic errors without countermeasures. These errors prohibit the operation of the rf systems over the whole amplitude and frequency range within the required accuracy. To compensate the inevitable errors, the target values provided by the central control system are modified by so-called calibration electronics*** modules. The calibration curves can be measured without the beam, but the desired beam behaviour has to be verified by experiments. For this purpose, a debunching scenario was selected as a SIS18 beam experiment that proved to be very sensitive to inaccuracies. In this contribution the results of this experiment are presented, showing for the first time at GSI by beam observation that the accuracy requirements are met based on predefined calibration curves. * “FAIR - Baseline Technical Report,” Volume 2, Accelerator and Scientific Infrastructure, (2006). Klingbeil et al.: Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 102802, 2011. * S. Schaefer et al., “Use of FPGA-based Configurable Electronics to Calibrate Cavities,” THPEA003, these proceedings.

THPEA019	A Method of Implementing HIRFL-CSR Chopper Controls	controls, heavy-ion, ion, storage-ring	3185
	K. Gu, S. An, X.J. Liu, W. Zhang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	A method of implementing controls of chopper for HIRFL-CSR (Heavy Ion Research Facility of Lanzhou and Cooler Storage Rings) is introduced. This method is based on an ARM and DSP co-operation system. The control algorithm of this method is based on a data structure which is defined and implemented in the DSP module. Output data is created by the control algorithm and the actually pulse output is triggered by a timer which is achieved through a logic circuit actualized in a FPGA chip. The results show that the method is flexible and the control system matches the chopper regulating requirements.

THPEA027	Radiation Calculations for Advanced Proton Therapy Facility	shielding, proton, radiation, simulation	3201
	J.Q. Xu, J.J. Lu, G. Wang, X. Xia SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	The shielding calculations for Advanced Proton Therapy Facility (APTRON), which is under design in Shanghai, were carried out. The thickness of radiation shielding walls for the accelerator and treatment rooms of APTRON were determined by Monte Carlo simulation and empirical formula. Beam loss scenarios and workloads of different energy at LINAC, synchrotron, beam transport line and treatment are given for the calculations. The calculations were carried out for the proton energy of 150MeV, 220MeV and 250MeV, and the targets of iron and equivalent tissue material. Source terms and attenuation length were calculated with different angles by the simulation using FLUKA code. Based on the source terms and the attenuation length, the thickness of the bulk walls were determined. Local shielding and maze design were also concerned.

THPEA034	ESS Integrated Control System Integration Support and the Agile Methodology Proposal	controls, monitoring, EPICS, vacuum	3219
	M. Reščič Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia L. Fernandez, A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The stakeholders of the ESS Integrated Control System (ICS) reside in four main parts of the ESS machine: accelerator, target, neutron instruments and conventional facilities. In order to maintain and support the standardized hardware and software platforms for controls all of the stakeholders' integration requirements and efforts must be strictly harmonized. This called for a decision by the ICS to perform the majority of the work in a package titled 'Integration Support', ranging from FPGA code development to EPICS integration. This exposes a high number of interfacing systems and devices and planning of such activities for each system make the standard waterfall planning model highly inefficient and risky. In order to properly address the planning risks the agile methodology is proposed - from product owners and teams to scrums and sprints, everything to offer a better and more efficient integration support to controls stakeholders.

THPEA038	ESS Naming Convention	controls, linac, neutron, vacuum	3222
	K. Rathsman, G. Trahern ESS, Lund, Sweden J. Malovrh Rebec, M. Reščič, M. Vitorovic Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
	The European Spallation Source is an intergovernmental project building a multidisciplinary research laboratory based upon thermal neutrons. The main facility will be built in Lund, Sweden. Construction is expected to start 2013 and the first neutrons will be produced in 2019. The ESS linac will deliver 5 MW of power to the target at 2.5 GeV, with a nominal current of 50 mA. The ESS Naming Convention is based on a standard, originally developed for the Super Superconducting Collider (SSC) and later adopted by other large research facilities, e.g. the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). The ESS Naming Convention was agreed upon and approved at a very early stage of the ESS project in order to establish a standard before names started to evolve. The main scope was to standardise meaningful, yet short and mnemonic signal and device names. The present paper describes the naming convention, the site wide implementation at ESS and associated web based tools.

THPEA047	Diamond Particle Detector Properties during High Fluence Material Damage Tests and their Future Applications for Machine Protection in the LHC	simulation, proton, beam-losses, radiation	3249
	F. Burkart, J. Blanco, J. Borburgh, B. Dehning, M. Di Castro, E. Griesmayer, A. Lechner, J. Lendaro, F. Loprete, R. Losito, S. Montesano, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Griesmayer CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
	Experience with LHC machine protection (MP) during the last three years of operation shows that the MP systems sufficiently protect the LHC against damage in case of failures leading to beam losses with a time constant exceeding 1ms. An unexpected fast beam loss mechanism, called UFOs, was observed, which could potentially quench superconducting magnets. For such fast losses, but also for better understanding of slower losses, an improved understanding of the loss distribution within a bunch train is required. Diamond particle detectors with bunch-by-bunch resolution and high dynamic range have been developed and successfully tested in the LHC and in experiments to quantify the damage limits of LHC components. This paper will focus on experience gained in use of diamond detectors. The properties of these detectors were measured during high-fluence material damage tests in CERN's HiRadMat facility. The results will be discussed and compared to the cross-calibration with FLUKA simulations. Future applications of these detectors in the LHC to understand beam losses and to improve the protection against fast particle losses will be discussed.

THPEA063	NSLS II Injector Integrated Testing	controls, booster, linac, diagnostics	3285
	G.M. Wang, B. Bacha, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, L.R. Dalesio, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, K. Ha, H.-C. Hseuh, Y. Hu, W. Louie, M.A. Maggipinto, D. Padrazo, T.V. Shaftan, G. Shen, O. Singh, Y. Tian, K. Vetter, F.J. Willeke, H. Xu, L. Yang, X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA P.B. Cheblakov, A.A. Derbenev, A.I. Erokhin, S.M. Gurov, R.A. Kadyrov, S.E. Karnaev, E.A. Simonov, S.V. Sinyatkin, V. Smalyuk BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The NSLS-II is a state of the art 3 GeV synchrotron light source under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Since 2012, the injector system gradually moves to the commissioning stage. It occurs after group people efforts on optics design, equipment specifications, construction and tests, assembly, installation and alignment. It is very important and exciting. To make the commissioning smooth and efficient, an important effort was put on the sub-system integration test to make sure the device function along with utility, timing system and control system, to calibrate diagnostics system and to debug high level application with simulated beam signals and required hardware. In this paper, we report our integration test experience and related control system software development.

THPFI005	Simulations for Mechanical Design of Nozzle for Extrude of Windowless Solid Hydrogen Cryogenic Target	simulation, extraction, cryogenics	3297
	H. Gassot, C. Commeaux IPN, Orsay, France
	The hydrogen (H2 and D2) target is the determining element of unstable nucleus spectroscopy. This target is proposed for heavy ions beam of several MeV/nucleon in SPIRAL and SPIRAL 2 projects. Without window, the carbone contamination of the hydrogen target could be avoided. Within the project of CHyMENE (Cible d’Hydrogène Mince pour l’Etude des Noyaux Exotiques), the development of hydrogen target is supported by ANR (Agence National de la Recherche) which federates differents French research institutes such as CNRS and CEA. The IPN Orsay is involved on the conception and simulations of a nozzle which can deliver a solid ribbon of 50 micron thickness; it is a very challenging program since the knowledge about hydrogen solid at 12 K is rare, especially in terms of experimental characterizations. The important work consists at first to propose models of simulations in order to study mechanical behaviours of solid hydrogen at cryogenic temperature under pressure and optimize the geometry parameters as well as rheology properties of nozzle. The mechanical non linear modelling including contact behaviours are presented. The first simulations results are summarized.

THPFI015	In-situ Degassing of the Ferrite Cores in the Extraction Kicker Magnets of the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS	vacuum, kicker, shielding, quadrupole	3324
	J. Kamiya, Y. Hikichi, M. Kinsho, M. Nishikawa, N. Ogiwara, K. Suganuma, T. Yanagibashi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Kicker magnets extract the accelerated beam to the beam transport lines in the RCS of the J-PARC. The kicker magnets mainly consist of Ni-Zn ferrite cores and Al alloy plates, and are installed in a vacuum to prevent discharge because a high voltage is applied for a short period. It is important to reduce the outgassing of water vapor from the ferrite cores. Although the kicker magnets have been working well, recently the vacuum quality became a little poor. Thus, we developed the in-situ degassing method for the ferrite cores. This is achieved by directing the heat from the heat source to the kicker magnet and not to the chamber wall. With the test stand we succeeded to flow almost all the heat toward the kicker magnet and to bake out the ferrite cores about 150°C, maintaining the temperature of the chamber wall less than 50°C. As the previous work with TDS measurements revealed that the absorbed water molecules can be easily removed by the bake-out at 100-150°C in a vacuum, the outgassing from the ferrite cores was successfully reduced. The details of the in-situ degassing method will be reported, including the practical method to reduce the outgassing of the working kickers.

THPFI019	Main Magnet Installation for CYCIAE-100	cyclotron, tandem-accelerator, vacuum, simulation	3336
	Y.L. Lu, W. Jing, Z.H. Wang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The CYCIAE-100 proton cyclotron being constructed in CIAE is designed to extract the proton beam of 100MeV and 200uA. The main magnet is the importantest part of the cyclotron. The diameter of the CYCIAE-100 main magnet is 6160mm. Its height is 3860mm. Its total weight is about 416 tons, and the largest part is about 170 tons. The beamline of CYCIAE-100 will be connected to the HI-13 tandem accelerator at CIAE. So, the CYCIAE-100 main magnet should be installed accurately. The vertical tolerance of the CYCIAE-100 main magnet is 0.20mm, and the horizontal tolerance is 0.50mm. The CYCIAE-100 main magnet is located in an underground building which level is -4m. There is a horizontal hole on the west wall of the accelerator building. All parts of the main magnet had been transported through this horizontal hole. The CYCIAE-100 main magnet had been installed in November 2012 at CIAE. In fact the error of installation is: the vertical 0.10mm, the horizontal 0.20mm. The installation process will be shown in this paper.

THPFI020	Radiation Shielding Design for Medical Cyclotrons	shielding, cyclotron, proton, radiation	3339
	F. Wang, T. Cui, X.L. Jia, Z.G. Li, T.J. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	With the increasing applications of cyclotrons in health care, a number of cyclotrons ranging from several MeVs to hundreds MeVs have used for radio diagnostic and radiation therapy. A 14 MeV PET cyclotron, CYCIAE-14, has been installed in a shielding building for tests at CIAE that can be used for FDG production and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In the mean time, the development of a 235MeV cyclotron, CYCIAE-235, which can be used for proton therapy, is in progress at the same laboratory. In terms of the cyclotron application in factories and hospitals, an appropriate radiation shielding design is of critical importance. In the case of CYCIAE-14 and CYCIAE-235, the neutron source of different cyclotrons has been estimated to define the thickness of the total shielding, and the concrete is selected as the main shielding material. For CYCIAE-14 specifically, local shielding has been implemented. This paper will give an introduction to the radiation shielding design for CYCIAE-14 and CYCIAE-235 respectively. The typical layout for the application of the two machines is presented in this paper which can be applied in factories and hospitals as well.

THPFI026	DESIGN OF CSNS R DUMP WINDOW	vacuum, neutron, extraction, proton	3354
	L. Liu, L. Kang, X.J. Nie, H. Qu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator systems will provide a 1.6 Gev proton beam to a target for neutron production. The extraction dump is used to incept the waste beam in the Ring-Target transport line. At the end of the beam pipe, we adopt a thin window to ensure the accelerator vacuum. When beam gets across the window, temperature of the window will be elevator because of the energy deposit. So, the study on structure and thermal stress analysis is necessary. This article expatiates the way on calculating the energy deposit and thermal stress analyses.

THPFI027	STUDY ON STRUCTURE AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CSNS R BEAM DUMP	shielding, controls, neutron, proton	3356
	L. Liu, L. Kang, X.J. Nie, H. Qu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator systems will provide a 1.6 Gev proton beam to a target for neutron production. Beam dump system is an important part of CSNS, and it is used to incept the waste beam. The beam dump system is composed with vacuum part and shielding part. For the design of shielding part, the material is steel at the centre and concrete outside, we must control the temperature of steel and concrete not too high, and it will be a serious problem that the concrete crazes because of the high temperature. So the thermal analyses must be done to ensure safety. Taking CSNS R dump for example, we use software to make model and analyze the thermal, then optimizing the result. According to the result, we control the work time and dimension of the beam to control the temperature of the iron and concrete. This article expatiate the study on the structure design and thermal analyses.

THPFI029	The Structure Design and Analysis of Proton Beam Window for CSNS	radiation, proton, scattering, neutron	3361
	H.J. Wang, L. Kang, R.H. Liu, H. Qu, D.H. Zhu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). In this paper, a new designed PBW structure called single-double layer structure is discussed. The new structure will be used in CSNS, and it is designed based on the beam characteristic of CSNS, which power is 100 kW. The structure design and thermal-analysis are presented, and the convective coefficient of cooling water is calculated. Besides, the radiation damage is discussed to assure there is no danger of radiation lifetime of PBW.

THPFI032	The Design and Analysis of Proton Beam Window for CSNSIII	scattering, proton, radiation, neutron	3367
	H.J. Wang, L. Kang, R.H. Liu, H. Qu, D.H. Zhu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). When the beam power of CSNS upgrades from 100kw to 500kw (CSNSIII), the present single-double layer structure of PBW cannot meet the demands. The PBW will be changed to other structure. This paper discusses sandwiched structure and multiple pipe structure, and the later one is chosen as the PBW of CSNSIII. An appropriate convective coefficient of cooling water is chosen, based on which the detailed thermal-stress analysis is presented. Besides, the lifetime is estimated. All these analyses show the designed PBW can work well in CSNSIII.

THPFI035	Design of A 4-cavities Collinear Load Coated with FeSiAl Alloy for 14 MeV LINAC	cavity, simulation, linac, instrumentation	3370
	F. Zhang, L.G. Shen USTC/PMPI, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China Y.J. Pei USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	Collinear load is a substitute for waveguide load to miniaturize linear accelerator and make the beam quality better. Coating with a kind of high efficient microwave-absorbing material FeSiAl alloy, a collinear load section composed of 4 cavities (at 2 /3 mode) with different coating dimensions is designed to absorb 4kW remnant power. Cavity dimensions are adjusted to compensate the frequency shift from 2856 MHz respectively. Simulation shows the loss material FeSiAl only need to be coated on the inner surface of the ring. This makes the design and construction of the cooling system for the load segment easier. Coming with a specific water cooling system can makes the working frequency of the accelerator and the collinear load more close to the supposed. Eventually, based on optimized uniform power absorption principle concluded from the simulation of temperature field, a four-cavity collinear load is designed with one-way attenuation of 76.1 dB, while the largest shift from operation frequency is 35 kHz.

THPFI040	DEVELOPMENT OF A TARGET SYSTEM FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAM PRODUCTION WITH HIGH-POWER HEAVY-ION BEAMS*	electron, radiation, ion, vacuum	3373
	J.-W. Kim, S. Hong, J.H. Kim, M. Kim, J. Song IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	To produce rare isotope beams, in-flight fragmentation method utilizing a thin target and heavy-ion primary beam can be used. The existing facilities provide the maximum primary beam power of a few kW, while the next generation facility is planned to use hundreds of kW of 238U beam. We are designing a rare-isotope beam facility, which can provide U beam with the maximal power of 400 kW at the energy of 200 MeV/u. The high-power target studied is made of multi-slice rotating graphite to enhance radiation cooling. The total target thickness is roughly 2 mm with more than 10 slices. The resultant power density inside the target reaches above 50 MV/cm³. Numerical simulation for thermo-mechanical analysis has been performed using PHITS and ANSYS for single and multi-slice targets. Also, empirical test was made using 70-keV electron beam for a single-slice rotation target with the thickness of 0.2 mm. The results of simulation and e-beam tests will be presented. * Work supported by Rare Isotope Science Program (RISP) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) (2011-0032011)

THPFI053	A Feasibility Experiment of a W-powder Target in the HiRadMat Facility of CERN	proton, laser, instrumentation, factory	3409
	N. Charitonidis, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom L. Rivkin EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Granular solid targets made of fluidized tungsten powder or static pebble bed of tungsten spheres, have been long proposed and are being studied as an alternative configurations towards high-power (>1MW of beam power) target systems, suitable for a future Super Beam or Neutrino Factory. Serving the lack of experimental data on this field, a feasibility experiment was performed in HiRadMat facility of CERN/SPS that tried in a pulse-by-pulse basis to address the effect of the impact of the SPS beam (440GeV/c) on a static tungsten powder target. Online instrumentation such as high-speed photography and Laser - Doppler Vibrometry was employed. Preliminary results show a powder disruption speed of less than 0.5 m/s while the disruption height appears to be scaling proportionally with the beam intensity. Other analysis results will be discussed.

THPFI055	First Year of Operations in the HiRadMat Irradiation Facility at CERN	proton, radiation, laser, instrumentation	3415
	A. Fabich, N. Charitonidis, N. Conan, K. Cornelis, D. DePaoli, I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Evrard, H. Gaillard, J.L. Grenard, M. Lazzaroni, A. Pardons, Y.D.R. Seraphin, C. Theis, K. Weiss CERN, Geneva, Switzerland N. Charitonidis EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a new facility at CERN constructed in 2011, designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies can be tested. The facility uses a 440 GeV proton beam extracted from the CERN SPS with a pulse length of 7.2 μs, to maximum pulse energy of 3.4MJ. For 2012, the first year of operations of the facility, nine experiments were scheduled and completed data-taking successfully. The experience gained in operating this unique facility, along with highlights of the experiments and the instrumentation developed for online measurements are reported.

THPFI056	Design Study for a Future LAGUNA-LBNO Long-baseline Neutrino Facility at CERN	secondary-beams, focusing, site, hadron	3418
	I. Efthymiopoulos, J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, A. Alekou, F. Antoniou, M. Benedikt, M. Calviani, A. Ferrari, R. Garoby, F. Gerigk, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, A. Kosmicki, C. Lazaridis, J.A. Osborne, Y. Papaphilippou, A.S. Parfenova, E.N. Shaposhnikova, R. Steerenberg, P. Velten, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A design study for a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment (LBNO) with a new conventional neutrino beamline facility (CN2PY) at CERN was initiated in September 2011, supported by EU/FP7 funds. The beam will be aimed at a next generation deep-underground neutrino observatory located at the Pyhasalmi (Finland) mine at a distance of 2300 km. In an initial phase the CN2PY facility will use a 400 GeV beam extracted from SPS up to a maximum power of 750 kW, and in a second phase a 2 MW beam of about 50 GeV produced by a new High-Power Proton Synchrotron accelerator using the LP-SPL as injector also under design. The paper will focus on the design challenges of this MW-class facility and on the optimization studies of the secondary beam elements (target and horns) to produce a neutrino beam spectrum that matches best the experimental requirements for neutrino flavor oscillations and CP-violation tests. The challenges and bottlenecks in the existing CERN accelerator complex to produce the high-intensity beams foreseen for this facility at the initial phase are discussed.

THPFI060	Development, Validation and Application of a Novel Method for Estimating the Thermal Conductance of Critical Interfaces in the Jaws of the LHC Collimation System	radiation, collimation, pick-up, luminosity	3430
	I. Leitão CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The motivation for this project arises from the difficulty in quantifying the manufacturing quality of critical interfaces in the water cooled jaws of the TCTP and TCSP (Target Collimator Tertiary Pickup and Target Collimator Secondary Pickup) collimators. These interfaces play a decisive role in the transfer of heat deposited by the beam towards the cooling system avoiding excessive deformation of the collimator. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a non-destructive method that provides an estimation of the thermal conductance during the acceptance test of the TCTP and TCSP jaws. The method is based on experimental measurements of temperature evolution and numerical simulations. By matching experimental and numerical results it is possible to estimate the thermal conductance in several sections of the jaw. A simplified experimental installation was built to validate the method, then a fully automatic Test-Bench was developed and built for the future acceptance of the TCTP/TCSP jaws which will be manufactured and installed in the LHC. This novel method has shown its validity and has become a decisive tool for the development of the new generation of LHC collimators.

THPFI061	Design Process of the Interlock Systems for the Compact Linear Collider	collider, controls, linear-collider, hadron	3433
	P. Nouvel, M. Jonker, B. Puccio CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H. Tap INPT, Toulouse, France
	Interlock systems are a critical part for the machine protection of linear colliders. Their goal is to inhibit the next pulse either on failure of critical equipment and/or on low beam quality evaluation. This paper presents the on-going process to validate design choices for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) interlock systems. The design process starts by establishing requirements. In mission-critical system case, they are mainly focused on the dependability. Moreover, the new concept of fast beam quality analysis has been introduced into the CLIC interlock system and will be discussed in this paper. To support the design process, experimentation on this concept has been launched. In addition, a hardware demonstration of the interlock systems has been set-up. It allows validating the design in concordance with the requirements.

THPFI065	Thermo-mechanical Investigations of the SINQ "Cannelloni" Target	simulation, factory, neutron, scattering	3445
	R. Sobbia, S. Dementjevs, S. Joray, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Numerical results of three-dimensional ANSYS thermo-mechanical simulations of single components of the SINQ target system are presented. Thermal stresses are generated by energy deposition in so-called ‘‘cannelloni'' consisting of a Zircaloy-2 rod filled with Lead to 90% of its inner volume. The molten region of the inner Lead filling is calculated by thermal analysis using the energy deposition profile imported from MCNPX calculations. Induced mechanical stresses are studied for a set of predefined parameters, the heat transfer coefficient and the bulk temperature of the heavy water cooling system. Critical stress regions are investigated to provide possible failure scenarios and overall system performance.

THPFI071	Baking Tests and Results of A1050 Diamond Edge Gasket	vacuum, controls, power-supply, ion	3463
	Y.T. Huang, C.-C. Chang, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan J.-R. Chen National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Paper

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MOODB103

Results of an Experiment on Hydrodynamic Tunnelling at the SPS HiRadMat High Intensity Proton Facility

simulation, proton, synchrotron, instrumentation

37

R. Schmidt, J. Blanco, F. Burkart, D. Grenier, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Griesmayer
CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
N.A. Tahir
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

To predict the damage for a catastrophic failure of the protections systems for the LHC when operating with beams storing 362 MJ, simulation studies of the impact of an LHC beam on targets were performed. Firstly, the energy deposition of the first bunches in a target with FLUKA is calculated. The effect of the energy deposition on the target is then calculated with a hydrodynamic code, BIG2. The impact of only a few bunches leads to a change of target density. The calculations are done iteratively in several steps and show that such beam can tunnel up to 30-35 m into a target. Validation experiments for these calculations at LHC are not possible, therefore experiments were suggested for the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), since simulation studies with the tools used for the LHC also predict hydrodynamic tunnelling for SPS beams. An experiment at the SPS-HiRadMat facility (High-Radiation to Materials) using the 440 GeV beam with 144 bunches was performed in July 2012. In this paper we compare the results of this experiment with our calculations of hydrodynamic tunnelling.

Slides MOODB103 [40.426 MB]

MOODB203

vSTORM Facility Design and Simulation

injection, proton, optics, dipole

55

A. Liu, A.D. Bross, D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
S.-Y. Lee
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Funding: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
A facility producing neutrinos from muons that decay in a storage ring can provide an extremely well understood neutrino beam for oscillation physics and the search for sterile neutrinos. The "neutrinos from STORed Muons"(nuSTORM) facility is based on this idea. The facility includes a target station with secondary particle collection, pion transfer line, pion injection, and a ~3.8 GeV/c muon storage ring. No muon cooling or RF sub-systems are required. The injection scenario for nuSTORM avoids the use of a separate pion decay channel and fast kickers. This paper reports a detailed description of the proposed injection scheme with full G4beamline simulations. We also present progresses on possible design options for a muon racetrack decay ring.

Slides MOODB203 [14.079 MB]

MOPEA005

A Linear Beam Raster System for the European Spallation Source?

linac, quadrupole, optics, beam-losses

70

H.D. Thomsen, A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will, when built, be the most intense neutron source in the world. The neutrons are generated by a high power (5 MW) proton beam impacting a rotating W spallation target. To reduce the replacement frequency of components subjected to the full beam current, i.e. the proton beam window and the target, means to introduce low peak current densities, i.e. flat transverse beam profiles, are necessary. The relatively long beam pulse duration of 2.86 ms (at 14 Hz) leaves ample time to facilitate a Lissajous-like, linear raster system that illuminates a footprint area by sweeping an only moderately enlarged LINAC beamlet. Although slightly more technically challenging, this method has many advantages over the previously envisaged beam expander system based on non-linear DC magnets. The design, specifications, performance, and benefits of the beam raster system will be described and discussed.

MOPEA010

Transfer of RIB’s between ISOL Target and Experiment Hall at SPIRAL 2

radiation, ion, remote-handling, ISOL

85

F.R. Osswald, T. Adam, E. Bouquerel, D. Boutin, A. Dinkov, M. Rousseau, A. Sellam
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
N.Yu. Kazarinov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Weick, M. Winkler
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: The authors would like to acknowledge the German-French and Russian-French agreements enabling the allocation of resources : IN2P3 - GSI (id. 12-69), and IN2P3 - JINR (id. 11-88) collaborations.
The production of intense radioactive beams requires a high power target, an efficient beam selection and transport, safe operations and a reliable-cost effective facility. The SPIRAL 2 project a so called second generation RIB facility is under construction at GANIL. The low energy RIB’s will be produced by neutron induced fissions obtained from a 40 MeV primary beam (deutons) and a graphit convertor. Several issues must be addressed in order to insure the safety rules and ultimately the performances requested by the scientific programme. Among them, the space charge dominated regime during the extraction of the beam after the target and the ion source, the compromise between beam transmission, rejection of the light-ion beam, and management of the main safety features. Most of the investigations currently in progress are devoted to the nuclear engineering, the maintenance and the multi-scale integration of the segmented beam line with the infrastructure.
* RIB dynamics of the SPIRAL 2 Transfer Line, HIAT 2012
** Simulation of Hollow Beam formation at SPIRAL 2, IPAC 2011
*** A Secondary Radioactive Beam Line Section for SPIRAL 2, HIAT 2009

MOPEA013

Radioactive Beam Accumulation for a Storage Ring Experiment with an Internal Target

electron, ion, injection, kicker

91

F. Nolden, C. Dimopoulou, R. Grisenti, C.M. Kleffner, S.A. Litvinov, W. Maier, C. Peschke, P. Petri, U. Popp, M. Steck, H. Weick, D.F.A. Winters, T. Ziglasch
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A radioactive ⁵⁶Ni beam was successfully accumulated for an experiment with an internal hydrogen target at the storage ring ESR of GSI, Germany. The radioactive beam was produced and separated at the GSI fragment separator from a stable ⁵⁸Ni beam. About 6·10⁴ ⁵⁶Ni ions were injected into the ESR on a high relative momentum orbit. The beam was subjected to stochastic cooling, bunched and transported to a low relative momentum orbit where it was neither disturbed by the field of the partial aperture injection kicker nor by the fields of the stochastic cooling kickers. Slightly below this deposition momentum, the beam was accumulated and continuously cooled by means of electron cooling. For each experiment with internal hydrogen target, about 80 shots were injected consecutively, leading to a stored beam of roughly 5·10⁶ particles.

MOPEA015

A Transverse Electron Target for Heavy Ion Storage Rings

electron, ion, interaction-region, storage-ring

97

S. Geyer, O. Meusel, D. Ries
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
O.K. Kester
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A transverse electron target is a well suited concept under discussion for storage rings to investigate electron-ion interaction processes relevant for heavy ion accelerators. Using a sheet beam of free electrons in crossed beam geometry promises not only a high energy resolution but also allows access to the interaction region for photon and electron spectroscopy under large solid angles. To realize a compact and multi-purpose applicable design, only electrostatic fields are used for beam focussing. The produced electron beam has a length of 10cm in ion beam direction and a width of around 5mm in the interaction region with densities of ~10⁹electrons/cm³. The target geometry allows the independent adjustment of the electron beam current and energy in the region of several 10eV and a few keV. The setup meets the high requirements for an operation in the UHV environment of a storage ring and is installed applying the so-called animated beam technique. The electron target is dedicated to the FAIR storage rings. First measurements have been performed at a test bench. An overview of the project status will be presented including first results of the characterization measurements.

MOPEA017

Electron Cooling of Heavy Ions Interacting with Internal Target at HESR of FAIR

electron, emittance, ion, scattering

103

T. Katayama, M. Steck
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is designed and optimized to accumulate and store the anti-proton beam for the internal target experiment. The recent demand of atomic physics has impacted to use the HESR facility also as the storage ring of bare heavy ions. In this concept the bare heavy ions are injected at 740 MeV/u from the Collector Ring where the ions are well stochastically cooled to be matched with HESR ring acceptance. In the HESR the 2 MeV electron cooler is prepared with the maximal electron current of 3 A and the cooling length of 2.7 m. The electron cooling process of typically ²³⁸U⁹²⁺ beam is simulated for the Hydogen and Xe internal target with simultaneous use of barrier voltage to compensate the mean energy loss caused by the interaction with internal target. In the present report the detailed simulation results of 6D phase space obtained by the particle tracking code are precisely discussed.

MOPEA018

Feasibility Study of Heavy Ion Storage and Acceleration in the HESR with Stochastic Cooling and Internal Targets

cavity, ion, simulation, acceleration

106

H. Stockhorst, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
T. Katayama
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Stochastic cooling of heavy ions is investigated under the constraint of the present hardware design of the cooling system and RF cavities as well as the given magnet design as foreseen for anti-proton cooling in the HESR of the FAIR facility. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam to 2 GeV/u is studied under the basic condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a Hydrogen and Xenon target. Diffusion due to Schottky and thermal noise as well as intra beam scattering is accounted for. Due to the higher charge states of the ions Schottky particle noise power becomes an important issue. The analysis considers the electronic power limitation to 500 W in case of momentum cooling. Fast Filter cooling is only available if the revolution harmonics do not overlap in the cooling bandwidth. Since overlap occurs for lower energies the application of the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) momentum cooling method is discussed.

MOPEA036

Transport Line Orbit Correction for CSNS/RTBT

alignment, quadrupole, extraction, linac

154

Y. Li, Y.W. An, Z.P. Li, W.B. Liu, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Dipole field kicks arisen from the construction and alignment of the magnets may cause the orbit distortion and reduce the efficiency of beam extraction and striking target in RTBT transport line of CSNS. In this paper, orbit correction is done based on XAL Orbit Correction application with the algorithm modified partially and the result was according with by AT toolbox. Meanwhile, the orbit correction before the target was special considered for the beams striking the target center vertically.

MOPEA039

Beam Commissioning and Neutron Radiography on a High Current Deuteron RFQ

rfq, neutron, cavity, ECR

163

Y.R. Lu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, F.J. Jia, G. Liu, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, W.L. Xia, X.Q. Yan, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
S.Q. Liu, S. Wang, J. Zhao, B.Y. Zou
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, Haidian District, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by NSFC 11079001 and Peking University
The high current deuteron RFQ has been developed and widely used in many projects, especially for accelerator based neutron source and its application. This paper reviews not only the recent developments in the world wide, also presents the beam dynamics, structure design ,RF full power test, beam commissioning of PKUNIFTY, which is consisted of a high current very compact ECR source, a 201.5MHz four-rod deuteron RFQ, thicker beryllium target and its moderating, collimation and neutron radiography system. RF and beam commissioning with duty cycle of 4% show the RFQ inter-vane voltage reaches 70kV at about 240kW, the delivered deuteron peak beam current is about 12mA at 290kW with the beam transmission of about 60%. The improvement of transmission is going on. The initial neutron radiography commissioning has been carried out. The results will promote the future development of small accelerator based neutron source.

MOPEA042

Research on the Design and Simulation of the CSRE Stochastic Cooling System

sextupole, pick-up, emittance, simulation

169

X.J. Hu, H. Jia, Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Zhang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Stochastic cooling by the use of a feedback system, aims at cooling of secondary particles or particles with large emittance or momentum spread. My research is mainly on the simulation of horizontal and longitudinal stochastic cooling process. The purpose of my work is to obtain the optimum parameters for stochastic cooling, according the actual accelerator lattice. Pickup and preamplifier are already installed on the CSRe, and preliminary results are get.

MOPEA058

CNGS, CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso, Five Years of Running a 500 Kilowatt Neutrino Beam Facility at CERN

proton, extraction, radiation, kaon

211

E. Gschwendtner, K. Cornelis, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Pardons, H. Vincke, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
I. Krätschmer
HEPHY, Wien, Austria

The CNGS facility (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) aims at directly detecting muon to tau neutrino oscillations where an intense muon-neutrino beam (10¹⁷ muon-neutrinos/day) is generated at CERN and directed over 732km towards the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, LNGS, in Italy, where two large and complex detectors, OPERA and ICARUS, are located. The CNGS facility (CNGS Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) started with the physics program in 2008 and delivered until the end of the physics run 2012 more than 80% of the approved protons on target (22.5·10¹⁹ pot). An overview of the performance and experience gained in operating this 500kW neutrino beam facility is described. Major events since the commissioning of the facility in 2006 are summarized. Highlights on the CNGS beam performance are given.

MOPEA062

Metrology of the NESTOR Facility Equipment

storage-ring, dipole, quadrupole, survey

222

O. Bezditko, V.E. Ivashchenko, I.M. Karnaukhov, A. Mytsykov, A.V. Reuzayev, A.Y. Zelinsky
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

Development of X-ray generator NESTOR in the National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics&Technology will let significantly extend the scientific program of investigations that are carried out in NSC KIPT, will allow to increase an amount and improve quality of experimental researches in the field of physics and chemistry In this work tolerances for accuracy installation of the lattice elements of the complex are defined. The methods of lattice element position measurement were detected and ways of their realization were defined. These allow to realize the project parameters of NESTOR facility and, first of all, generated X-ray beam intensity.

MOPEA071

Operating the Diamond Storage Ring with Reduced Vertical Emittance

feedback, emittance, coupling, storage-ring

249

I.P.S. Martin, M.G. Abbott, M. Apollonio, R. Bartolini, D. Hickin
Diamond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

In a synchrotron radiation light source, a reduction in vertical emittance can potentially increase the source brightness, reduce the spot size for microfocus beam lines or increase the vertical transverse coherence of the photon beam. With this aim, the target vertical emittance for the Diamond storage ring has been recently reduced from 27pm.rad to 8pm.rad (0.3% coupling). In this paper we discuss the main impacts of this reduction, along with the steps that have been taken to stabilise the coupling at the new value.

MOPEA073

Current Status of the LBNE Neutrino Beam

proton, shielding, simulation, focusing

255

C.D. Moore, K.R. Bourkland, C.F. Crowley, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, M.W. McGee, N.V. Mokhov, V. Papadimitriou, R.K. Plunkett, S.D. Reitzner, A.M. Stefanik, G. Velev, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermilab Research Alliance, under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Dept of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a neutrino beamline facility located at Fermilab. The facility is designed to aim a beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed in South Dakota. The neutrinos are produced in a three-step process. First, protons from the Main Injector hit a solid target and produce mesons. Then, the charged mesons are focused by a set of focusing horns into the decay pipe, towards the far detector. Finally, the mesons that enter the decay pipe decay into neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined by an amalgam of the physics goals, the Monte Carlo modeling of the facility, and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~700 kW, however some of the parameters were chosen to be able to deal with a beam power of 2.3 MW. The LBNE Neutrino Beam has made significant changes to the initial design through consideration of numerous Value Engineering proposals and the current design is described.

MOPFI017

SuperKEKB Positron Source Target Protection Scheme

positron, electron, radiation, simulation

315

L. Zang, T. Kamitani
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The SuperKEKB requires an intense beam with a large number of positrons, which is generated by a high energy electron beam strike on a solid tungsten target. The cascade shower in the target deposits large amount of energy in the material leading to target damage. The pulsed electron beam distributed the energy non-uniformly over the target. In that case, a mechanical stress appears due to the large thermal gradient during each pulse, which could potentially destroy the target. Based on the analysis of the SLAC damaged target, peak energy deposition density (PEDD) should not exceed 35 J/g to ensure a long term of safe operation. One way of reducing PEDD is increasing the beam spot size. Hence we proposed a target protection scheme, in which a protection target is placed upstream of generation target as a spoiler. The aim is to maintain the generation target’s PEDD below 35 J/g even with a point primary electron beam. In this paper, we will introduce graphite, aluminum and copper as the protection target material candidates. And also present the PEDD and positron yield evaluation as a function of various parameters such as protection target thickness and drift space.

MOPFI018

Design Study of a New Large Aperture Flux Concentrator

positron, simulation, solenoid, focusing

318

L. Zang, M. Akemoto, S. Fukuda, K. Furukawa, T. Higo, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, Y. Ogawa, H. Someya, T. Takatomi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

For high luminosity electron-positron colliders, intense positron beam production is one of the key issues. Flux Concentrator (FC) is a pulsed solenoid that can generate high magnetic field of several Tesla and is often used for focusing positrons emerged from a production target. It works as an optical matching device in a positron capture section. With this device, high capture efficiency is achieved. In this paper, we will introduce a new design of a FC for the SuperKEKB positron source. The advantages of the new design are: 1. the aperture could be doubled of the previous design, 2. the transverse components are only 1/10 of the previous design, 3. maintain the same high peak longitudinal field. The new FC modeling has been done in CST Studio and we will report the results of new FC field evaluation. In order to calculate the positron yield and capture efficiency, a tracking simulation to the end of capture section has also been carried out, which is also included in this paper.

MOPFI026

Thermal Simulations of a New Target Configuration for Production of Radioactive Nuclide

neutron, simulation, radiation, ion

336

L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, B. Tang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

China Advanced Rare Ion-beam Facility (CARIF) based on China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) has been proposed in order exploring the frontier of nuclear physics. A target with 5 g 235U is proposed in the project. The thermal neutron fission of 235U will produce radioactive nuclei and the great thermal load (~50 kW). The target of CARIF needs endure high temperature and thermal energy deposit. A new multi-targets configuration is proposed. It consists of several discrete targets instead of traditional single-target structure used in accelerator driven facility. Because there is more thermal radiation area in this configuration, thermal radiation capacity is enhanced, so the target can withstand higher thermal power. The temperature distribution of multi-targets was simulated with finite element code. The results show that the configuration of multi targets can effectively reduce the target temperature. From the perspective of target temperature distribution, the configuration could endure 50kW thermal deposit. It's possible to use 5 g 235U in CARIF for production of radioactive nuclide.

MOPFI027

The Progress of the BRISOL Facility at CIAE

ion, ion-source, vacuum, diagnostics

339

B. Tang, L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, Z. Peng
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facilities Isotope Separator On-Line (BRISOL), aiming to generate short life radioactive ion beam (RIB) on-line, is being constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). Up to now, construction of major equipment for BRISOL is completed, including ion source, vacuum system, separator, optical element, and beam diagnostic system, and assembling is underway in laboratory. The on-site installation of all the beam line will be carried out soon. All the major element prototype including surface ion source, quadrupole, hexapole, multipole and beam diagnostic system have been studied off-line on a test-bench for BRISOL. A Li beam was generated and separated . The primary tests show that the ion source and the optical elements work well. The test charge exchange cell (CEC) is under way. BRISOL will be commissioned next year.

MOPFI051

Beam Transfer Systems for the LAGUNA-LBNO Long Baseline Neutrino Beam from the CERN SPS

extraction, kicker, injection, septum

395

B. Goddard, W. Bartmann, I. Efthymiopoulos, Y. Papaphilippou, A.S. Parfenova
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

For the Long Baseline neutrino facility under study at CERN (LAGUNA-LBNO) it is initially planned to extract a 400 GeV beam from the second long straight section in the SPS into the existing transfer channel TT20 leading to the North Area experimental zone, to a new target aligned with a far detector in Finland. In a second phase a new High-Power Proton Synchrotron (HPPS) accelerator is proposed, to give a 2 MW beam at about 50 GeV on the same target. In this paper the beam transfer systems required for the project are outlined, including the new sections of transfer line between the SPL, HPPS and SPS, and from the SPS to the target, and also the injection and extraction systems in the long straight section of the HPPS. The feasibility of a 4 GeV H⁻ injection system is discussed.

MOPFI055

Design Study of a 100 GeV Beam Transfer Line from the SPS for a Short Baseline Neutrino Facility

quadrupole, optics, dipole, extraction

407

W. Bartmann, B. Goddard, A. Kosmicki, M. Kowalska, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A Short Baseline neutrino facility at CERN is presently under study. It is considered to extract a 100 GeV beam from the second long straight section of the SPS into the existing transfer channel TT20, which leads to the North Area experimental zone. A new transfer line would branch off the existing TT20 line around 600 m downstream of the extraction, followed by an S-shaped horizontal bending arc to direct the beam with the correct angle onto the defined target location. This paper describes the optimisation of the line geometry with respect to the switch regions in TT20, the integration into the existing facilities and the potential refurbishment of existing magnets. The optics design is shown, and the requirements for the magnets, power converters and instrumentation hardware are discussed.

MOPFI059

Design and Performance of the Beam Transfer Lines for the HIE-ISOLDE Project

emittance, simulation, optics, dipole

416

A.S. Parfenova, W. Andreazza, J. Bauche, E.D. Cantero, P. Farantatos, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, Y. Kadi, A.J. Kolehmainen, D. Lanaia, M. Martino, R. Mompo, E. Siesling, A.G. Sosa, M.A. Timmins, G. Vandoni, D. Voulot, E.S. Zografos
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Beam design and beam optics studies for the HIE-ISOLDE transfer lines have been carried out in MadX, and benchmarked against Trace3D results. Magnet field errors and alignment imperfections leading to deviations from design parameters have been treated explicitly, and the sensitivity of the machine's lattice to different individual error sources was studied. As a result, the tolerances for the various error-contributions have been specified for the different equipment systems. The design choices for the expected magnet field and power supply quality, alignment tolerances, instrument resolution and physical aperture were validated. The methodology and results of the studies are presented.

MOPFI070

Spallation is not the only Fruit: Low Energy Fusion as a Source of Neutrons

neutron, proton, simulation, radiation

443

S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

Commercially there is a growing interest in applications of neutrons. Currently the majority of neutron sources are based at research institutions from either reactors or spallation sources. Smaller portable sources contain either fissile isotope or sealed fusors are available, although they either use or produce tritium, or other long lived decay products. As an alternative to the large facilities and the radio-toxicology of current portable sources research is being performed with an aim to produce a fusion based neutron source with neither of these concerns. We show that MCNPX is able to accurately reproduce (p,n) reactions for a number of light elements. Simulations of low energy proton reactions with light nuclei simulated with MCNPX and Geant4 are compared with experiment.

MOPFI073

Optimisation Studies of a High Intensity Electron Antineutrino Source

neutron, proton, simulation, cyclotron

449

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad, J. Spitz
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

ISODAR (Isotopes-Decay-At-Rest) is a novel, high intensity source of electron antineutrinos produced by the decay of Li-8 isotopes, which aims for searches for physics beyond the standard model. The Li-8 isotopes are produced in the inelastic interactions of low energy protons or deuterons with a Beryllium target. In addition the Li-8 is produced in the surrounding materials by secondary neutrons. This paper focuses on the optimisation of the base design target, moderator and reflector.

MOPME010

Transverse Beam Profile Diagnostics using Point Spread Function Dominated Imaging with Dedicated De-focusing

radiation, electron, background, focusing

488

G. Kube, S. Bajt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
W. Lauth
IKP, Mainz, Germany
Yu.A. Popov, A. Potylitsyn, L.G. Sukhikh
TPU, Tomsk, Russia

Transverse beam profile diagnostics in electron accelerators is usually based on direct imaging of a beam spot via optical radiation (transition or synchrotron radiation). In this case the fundamental resolution limit is determined by radiation diffraction in the optical system. A method to achieve resolutions beyond the diffraction limit is to perform point spread function (PSF) dominated imaging, i.e. the recorded image is dominated by the resolution function of a point source (single electron), and with knowledge of the PSF the true image (beam spot) may be reconstructed. To overcome the limited dynamical range of PSF dominated imaging, a dedicated de-focusing of the optical system can be introduced. In order to verify the applicability of this method, a proof-of-principle experiment has been performed at the Mainz Microtron MAMI (University of Mainz, Germany) using optical transition radiation. Status and results of this experiment will be presented.

MOPME022

Beam Commissioning of Two Horizontal Pulse Steering Magnets for Changing Injection Painting Area from MLF to MR in the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC

injection, stripper, beam-transport, emittance

518

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, T. Takayanagi, N. Tani
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Y. Irie
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
S. Kato
Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan

We have been successfully commissioned two pulse steering magnets installed in the Linac to 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) injection beam transport (BT) line of J-PARC. RCS has to deliver a simultaneous as well as specific beam as demand by the downstream facilities of MLF (Material and Life Science Facility) and the MR (Main Ring). In order to obtain relatively a smaller transverse emittance at extraction, those magnets were designed to perform a smaller injection painting for the MR beam as compared to the MLF one. As stripper foil position is fixed for the charge exchange H⁻ injection, inclination of the injected beam centroid on foil for the MR beam is only moved to a smaller value by the pulse steering magnets, while DC septum magnets are fixed as determined first for the MLF beam. Their parameters were found to be very consistent with expectation and thus already in operation for switching to a painting area of 100 pi mm mrad for the MR beam as compared to that of 150 pi mm mrad for the MLF beam.

MOPME027

Bunch Length Measurement of 181 MeV Beam in J-PARC Linac

electron, linac, vacuum, simulation

532

A. Miura, H. Oguri, N. Ouchi, J. Tamura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
A. Feschenko, A.N. Mirzojan
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Ikegami
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Maruta
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

In J-PARC Linac, an energy and intensity upgrade project has started since 2009 using Annular Coupled Structure (ACS) cavities. Because the longitudinal matching before ACS cavities is additionally required, we decided to employ the bunch shape monitors (BSMs) to measure the longitudinal beam profile. After three years from the start of BSM project, three BSMs were fabricated. All three BSMs were installed during the summer shutdown of 2012. We tried to measure the longitudinal beam profile exited from SDTL cavities. In this paper, we introduce the outline of BSM project, the first data acquisition and related small problems.

MOPME029

Multi-strip Current Monitor for Pulsed Laser Plasma Diagnostics

plasma, ion, laser, rfq

538

Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

A compact position-sensitive beam instrumentation devise is under development. The beam detection area of this devise is composed of multi-strip electrodes and scanned by multiplexers, which reduces the number of read-out lines and feed-through connectors. Combined with an electrostatic deflector and ToF information, this monitor can discriminate charge to mass ratios of particles. A prototype of this monitor is fabricated for measurement of ion distribution and charge state in laser induced plasma. This model has fifteen strip electrodes and the multiplexed signal and the clock signal are read out through two coaxial cables. Thus, only three cables are needed including a +5V power supply line. The test result will be presented.

MOPME033

Wire Scanner Emittance Measurement and Software Design at BEPCII

emittance, linac, quadrupole, EPICS

544

W. Qiao, Z. Duan, H. Geng, W.B. Liu, Y.F. Sui
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Wire scanners are diagnostic devices to measure the beam profile. Resent years, BEPCII adopts wire scanner measurement system for accurate beam size and emittance measurements. Beam emittance measurements can be performed with no adverse impact on beam and no interruption to normal machine operation. The BEPCII wire scanner system includes sets of four scanners in linac by which the linac output emittance is determined. In order to make the measurement procedure automated and easily accessible to all operators, wire scanner measurement software is developed. The software can obtain real-time signal data from the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System(EPICS) and emittance calculation, phase chart and optics envelope display will be done. In this paper we describe the construction, performance and uses of BEPCII wire scanners measurement system and software.

MOPME035

Design of a Non-Intercepting Beam Diagnostic Device Using Neutral Beam Fluorescence Method

emittance, neutral-beams, ion, diagnostics

547

J. Zhao, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, T. Zhang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The forward neutral beam from deflecting magntic field carries some characteristic properties of high intensity particle beams, such as profile, emittance etc. Therefore a reliable measurement of neutral beam fluorescence can be used to develop a fast and non-interceptive beam diagnostic tool. A non-intercepting beam emittance (profile) monitor using neutral beam fluorescence method has being constructed at Peking University. As a performance test, an emttiance of an extracted proton beam from a permanent magnetic electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was successfully measured. The details of design and results of measurement will be presented in this paper.

MOPME049

Status of Non-destructive Bunch Length Measurement based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation

radiation, electron, diagnostics, vacuum

583

H.X. Deng, S.L. Lu, T. Yu, J.B. Zhang
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
G.A. Naumenko, A. Potylitsyn, M.V. Shevelev, D.A. Shkitov
TPU, Tomsk, Russia

Funding: This work was supported by the joint Russian-Chinese grant (RFBR 110291177 and NSFC 11111120065) and partially by the Program of Russian MES “Nauka” and the Chinese NSFC 11175240.
As a novel non-destructive bunch length diagnostic of the electron beam, an experimental observation of the coherent Cherenkov radiation generated from a dielectric caesium iodide crystal with large spectral dispersion was proposed for the 30MeV femtosecond linear accelerator at Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP). In this paper, the theoretical design, the experimental setup, the terahertz optics, the first angular distribution observations of the coherent Cherenkov radiation, and the future plans are presented.
* Shevelev M. et al., Journal of Physics: Conf. Ser. 357 (2012) 012023.

MOPME062

UV and X-ray Diffraction Radiation for Submicron Noninvasive Diagnostics

radiation, diagnostics, polarization, electron

616

D.Yu. Sergeeva, M.N. Strikhanov, A.A. Tishchenko
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Funding: This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science (State contract 12.527.12.5002).
Diffraction radiation (DR) arises when a charged particle moves near a target. The theory of X-ray DR from single particles was created in [*, **], and recently the theory has been developed for bunches [***]. DR from relativistic particles is used for noninvasive bunch diagnostics and also for creating new and effective sources of radiation, including Free-electron laser based on the Smith-Purcell effect. In the present work we explore theoretically DR from the bunch of ultrarelativistic charged particles at X-ray and UV frequencies domains. It is shown that incoherent part of form-factor, describing the effect of N electrons in bunch, exists and differs from the unity. The coherent part of radiation depends on transversal size of the bunch as ratio of the Bessel function to its argument. The coherence effects are proved to be important up to the wavelengths much less than transversal size of the bunch. The results obtained open the possibility to diagnose bunches of the submicron size with very high accuracy.
* A.A. Tishchenko et al, PLA. 359 (2006) 509.
** A.P. Potylitsyn et al, Diffraction radiation from relativistic particles, Springer, 2010
*** D.Yu. Sergeeva et al, Proc. Channeling-2012, p.52, 2012

MOPME063

Backward X-ray Transition Radiation from Multilayered Target for Submicron Beam Diagnostics

radiation, diagnostics, polarization, electron

619

A.A. Tishchenko, D.Yu. Sergeeva, M.N. Strikhanov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
K.O. Kruchinin
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

Funding: This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science (State contract 12.527.12.5002).
Backward transition radiation (TR) is a TR arising in the direction of mirror reflection relative to the charged particles trajectory. Therefore for oblique incidence it can be emitted under big angles which is useful from point of view of measuring of the radiation. In spite of the fact that backward TR in X-ray frequency domain is much weaker than forward TR [*], it has recently been proposed by A.P. Potylitsyn and others [**] as an instrument for submicron electron beam diagnostics. In this work we propose to use the multilayered target in order to enhance the resulting radiation, i.e. to use resonant backward X-ray TR. So far X-ray TR has not been explored theoretically for backward geometry. It is shown that the expressions obtained coincide in special case of forward resonant X-ray TR with the results by L. Durand (***) and X. Artru (****). We explore the spectral and angular characteristics of resonant backward X-ray TR form point of view of submicron beam diagnostics for the ultrarelativistic charged particles bunches. The role of absorption in the target material and also the coherent and incoherent parts of the radiation is analyzed
* A.A. Tishchenko et al, NIMB 227 (2005) 63.
** L.G. Sukhikh et al, J of Phys: Conf. Ser. 236 (2010) 012011.
*** L. Durand, Phys Rev D11 (1975) 89.
**** X. Artru et al, Phys Rev D12 (1975) 1289.

MOPME067

Non-Invasive Bunch Length Diagnostics Based on Interferometry From Double Diffraction Radiation Target

radiation, electron, diagnostics, FEL

631

D.A. Shkitov, G.A. Naumenko, A. Potylitsyn, M.V. Shevelev
TPU, Tomsk, Russia
H.X. Deng, S.L. Lu, T. Yu, J.B. Zhang
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work was supported by the joint Russian-Chinese grant (RFBR 110291177 and NSFC 11111120065) and partially by the Program of Russian MES “Nauka” and the SINAP Xinrui Program Y15501A061.
Reliable and precise non-invasive beam diagnostics technique to measure length of sub-picosecond electron bunches are required for new accelerator facilities (FEL, et al.). Investigations of coherent radiation generated by such bunches using different interferometers allow to determine a bunch length*. Measuring a dependence of radiation yield intensity from two DR targets on a distance between them (the intrinsic DR interferogram), it is possible to obtain the same information. Such a non-invasive technique can be directly used for ultra-short bunch length measurements. Recently the first experiment with a double DR target was carried out at the SINAP fs linac facility** with parameters described in***. The double DR target was consisted of two plates made from Al foil. The pyro-electric detector SPI-D-62 was used. Here we report the results of the second stage of our investigations. The DR interferograms of different electron bunch length were measured. The bunch length was reconstructed using the heuristic model based on the dimension theory and simulation data. We compare the results from DR interferograms and Michelson interferometer measurements and show their similarity.
*Murokh A. et al., NIMA 410 (1998) 452.
**Zhang J.B., Shkitov D.A. et al., IBIC’12 MOPB65 (2012).
***Lin X., Zhang J. et al., Chin. Phys. Let. V. 27 N. 4 (2010) 044101.

MOPME069

Multi-OTR System for Linear Colliders

emittance, diagnostics, optics, linac

637

J. Resta-López, A. Faus-Golfe
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, R. Apsimon, A. Latina
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We study the feasibility of using a multi-Optical Transition Radiation (mOTR) system for fast transverse emittance reconstruction and x-y coupling correction in the Ring to Main Linac (RTML) of the future linear colliders: ILC and CLIC. OTR monitors are mature and reliable diagnostic tools that could be very suitable for the setup and tuning of the machine in single-bunch mode. Here we study the requirements for a mOTR system adapted to the optical conditions and beam parameters of the RTML of both the ILC and CLIC.

MOPWA051

ZEMAX Simulations for an Optical System for a Diffraction Radiation Monitor at CesrTA

radiation, simulation, electron, damping

789

T. Aumeyr, V. Karataev
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
M.G. Billing
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA
L.M. Bobb, B. Bolzon, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Diffraction Radiation (DR) is produced when a relativistic charged particle moves in the vicinity of a medium. The target atoms are polarized by the electric field of the charged particle, which then oscillate thus emitting radiation with a very broad spectrum. The spatial-spectral properties of DR are sensitive to various electron beam parameters. Since the energy loss due to DR is so small that the electron beam parameters are unchanged, DR can be used to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this project is to measure the transverse (vertical) beam size using incoherent DR. To achieve the micron-scale resolution required by CLIC, DR in the UV and X-ray spectral-range must be studied. During the next few years, experimental validation of such a scheme will be conducted on the CesrTA at Cornell University, USA. This paper reports on simulations carried out with ZEMAX, studying the optical system used to image the emitted radiation.

MOPWA056

Spectra of Coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation Observed from Short Electron Bunches: Numerical and Experimental Studies

electron, radiation, diagnostics, simulation

801

F. Bakkali Taheri, G. Doucas, I.V. Konoplev, A. Reichold
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
H.L. Andrews
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
R. Bartolini
Diamond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
V. Bharadwaj, C.I. Clarke
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
N. Delerue
LAL, Orsay, France
N. Fuster Martinez
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
J.D.A. Smith
TXUK, Warrington, United Kingdom
P. Stoltz
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Funding: This work performed [in part] under DOE Contract DE-AC02-7600515
There is a significant interest in the development of compact particle accelerators within research areas including X-ray and THz (T-ray) sources of radiation, particle physics and medical sciences. To support the progress in these areas, non-invasive, electron beam diagnostics that are capable of measuring a single femtosecond electron bunch are required. At the current stage such beam diagnostics for femtosecond-long electron bunches are still not available. The goal of the work presented is to understand the spectral characteristics of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation to enable its quick and reliable interpretation including the longitudinal profile reconstruction of electron bunches. The research presented comprises results from numerical modelling and experimental studies. Using the numerical data, we discuss the radiated spectra dependence on the electron bunch profile and analyse the results. We also discuss the experimental data and compare it with theoretical predictions.

MOPWA062

Transverse Beam Halo Measurements at High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) using Vibrating Wire Monitor

ion, proton, linac, ion-source

819

M. Chung, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, V.D. Shiltsev, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
S. Artinian
BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly, France
S.G. Arutunian
ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia

Funding: Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Measurement and control of transverse beam halo will be critical for the applications of future high-intensity hadron linacs. In particular, beam profile monitors require a very high dynamic range when using for transverse beam halo measurements. In this study, the Vibrating Wire Monitor (VWM) with aperture 60 mm was installed at the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) front-end to measure transverse beam halo. A vibrating wire is excited at its resonance frequency with the help of a magnetic feedback loop, and the vibrating and sensitive wires are connected through a balanced arm. The sensitive wire is moved into the beam halo region by a stepper motor controlled translational stage. We study the feasibility of the vibrating wire for transverse beam halo measurements in the low-energy front-end of the proton linac.

MOPWA078

The Calibration of the PEPPo Polarimeter for Electrons and Positrons

positron, electron, photon, polarization

861

A.H. Adeyemi
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
E. J-M. Voutier
LPSC, Grenoble, France

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
The PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) experiment at Jefferson Laboratory investigated the polarization transfer from longitudinally polarized electrons to longitudinally polarized positrons, with the aim of developing this technology for a low energy (~MeV) polarized positron source. Polarization of the positrons was measured by means of a Compton transmission polarimeter where incoming positrons transfer their polarization into circularly polarized photons that were subsequently analyzed by a thick polarized iron target. The measurement of the transmitted photon flux with respect to the orientation of the target polarization (±) or the helicity (±) of the incoming leptons provided the measurement of their polarization. Similar measurements with a known electron beam were also performed for calibration purposes. This presentation will describe the apparatus and calibrations performed at the injector at the Jefferson Laboratory to measure positron polarization in the momentum range 3.2-6.2 MeV/c, specifically to quantify the positron analyzing power from electron experimental data measured over a comparable momentum range.
The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes

MOPWA079

Characterization of the Analyzing Target of the PEPPo Experiment

polarization, positron, photon, electron

864

O. Dadoun
LAL, Orsay, France
E. Froidefond, E. J-M. Voutier
LPSC, Grenoble, France

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
Various methods have been investigated over the past decades for the production of polarized positrons. The purpose of the PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) experiment is to demonstrate, for the first time, the production of polarized positrons from a polarized electron beam. This two-step process involves the production of circularly polarized photons in a high Z target via the bremsstrahlung process followed, within the same target, by the conversion of polarized photons into polarized e⁺e⁻ pairs through the pair creation process. The PEPPo experiment was performed in Spring 2012 at the injector of the Jefferson Laboratory using a highly spin-polarized (~85%) 8.3 MeV/c electron beam. The positron polarization was measured by means of a Compton transmission polarimeter over the momentum range from 3.2 MeV/c to 6.2 MeV/c. This presentation will discuss the experimental set-up with a special emphasis on the analyzing magnet constituting the polarization filter of the experiment. The knowledge of the analyzing target polarization will be discussed on the basis of simulations and calibrated to experimental data
The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes

MOPWO011

Surface Field Optimization of Accelerating Structures for CLIC using ACE3P on Remote Computing Facility

simulation, linac, GUI, damping

909

K.N. Sjobak, E. Adli
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
A. Grudiev
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research Council of Norway
This paper presents a computer program for searching for the optimum shape of an accelerating structure cell by scanning a multidimensional geometry parameter space. For each geometry, RF parameters and peak surface fields are calculated using ACE3P on a remote high-performance computational system. Parameter point selection, mesh generation, result storage and post-analysis are handled by a GUI program running on the user’s workstation. This pa- per describes the program, AcdOptiGui. AcdOptiGui also includes some capability for automatically selecting scan points based on results from earlier simulations, which en- ables rapid optimization of a given parameterized geome- try. The software has previously been used as a part of the design process for accelerating structures for a 500 GeV CLIC.

MOPWO013

A New Scalable Software Package for Large Scale Beam Dynamic Simulations

simulation, space-charge, DTL, solenoid

912

R. Zhao, J. Xu
IS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. He, C. Li, X. Qi, L. Yang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Large scale Beam Dynamics Simulations (BDS) are important in accelerator design and optimization. With the fast development of supercomputers, new software packages need to be developed in order to fully make use of hardware and software progresses. In this paper, we will introduce a new BDS software package, LOCUS3D, which is developed for efficient use of these new techniques. It is based on Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method, and includes space charge effect by solving the Poisson’s equation. Parallel Poisson solver has been developed with MPI. Standard accelerator devices can be simulated and new devices can be added. Benchmark results have been obtained on several different platforms, such as INSPUR cluster at RDCPS, BG/P at ANL. Large-scale simulation with 10⁹ particles can be simulated now in the simulations. LOCUS3D will be used for more realistic accelerator simulations in the near future.

MOPWO023

Upgrade and Systematic Measurement Campaign of the ATF2 Multi-OTR System

emittance, coupling, wakefield, extraction

933

A. Faus-Golfe, J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, C. Blanch Gutierrez, J. Resta-López
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
J. Cruz, E. Marín, D.J. McCormick, G.R. White, M. Woodley
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

A multi-Optical Transition Radiation (mOTR) system made of four stations is being used routinely since September 2011 for transverse beam size measurement and emittance reconstruction in the extraction line of ATF2, providing diagnostic support during the ATF2 tuning operation. Furthermore it is also an excellent tool for fast transverse coupling correction. Due to the compactness of the current design the system has an influence in the increase of the transverse emittance due to wakefield effects when a simultaneous measurement is made. To avoid this effect a new target holder and a new optics has been designed and implemented. In this paper we describe the present status of the ATF2 mOTR system, showing recent performance results, and hardware design improvements.

MOPWO074

A Novel Differential Algebraic Adaptive Fast Multipole Method

multipole, simulation

1055

S. Abeyratne, B. Erdelyi
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
B. Erdelyi, S.L. Manikonda
ANL, Argonne, USA

The direct pairwise calculation of the potential/electric field created by a very large number of particles is computationally impracticable since it requires long run time and a large amount of memory. The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is a fast algorithm which scales linearly with the number of particles and it enables highly accurate evaluation of the potentials and fields among the large number of particles using less memory compared to the direct evaluation. The FMM has two main forms, non-adaptive and adaptive. The former is suitable for uniform distributions while the latter is more efficient for non-uniform distributions typically encountered in beam physics. This paper presents an implementation of a novel 3D adaptive FMM algorithm and some results obtained from simulations performed with non-uniform particle distributions.

MOPWO086

Open XAL Status Report 2013

status, neutron, EPICS, controls

1076

T.A. Pelaia
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725
XAL is the well established, accelerator physics high level application programming framework developed for and used at the Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge National Lab. Due to interest from other accelerator labs, the Open XAL project was formed in 2010 to port XAL to be more suitable for collaboration. The Open XAL architecture along with the objectives, status and roadmap of this effort are presented in this paper.

TUXB101

Status of the FAIR Facility

ion, antiproton, heavy-ion, storage-ring

1085

O.K. Kester
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The unique facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR will deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. In addition, the beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for a cutting edge physics program. Therefore a unique accelerator facility using cutting edge technology will be built until 2018. The challenges are heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, antiproton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Here new kind of superconducting magnets, rf-systems, injection and extraction systems and beam diagnostics will be applied. As the construction of the FAIR facility and procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements status and infrastructure preparation will be provided.

Slides TUXB101 [9.587 MB]

TUPEA018

Recent Progress of Laser Plasma Proton Accelerator at Peking University

laser, plasma, proton, acceleration

1199

X.Q. Yan, J.E. Chen, H.Z. Fu, Y.X. Geng, Z.Y. Guo, C. Lin, Y.R. Lu, Y. Shang, Z.X. Yuan, S. Zhao, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10935002, 10835003, 11025523)
Recent a project called Laser plasma Proton Accelerator (LAPA) is approved by MOST in China. A prototype of laser driven proton accelerator (1~15MeV) based on the PSA mechanism and plasma lens is going to be built at Peking University in the next five years. It can be used for the applications such as cancer therapy, plasma imaging and fast ignition for inertial confine fusion. The recent progress of LAPA is reported here.

TUPEA043

Linac Design for Nuclear Data Measurement Facility

linac, neutron, electron, cavity

1229

M. Zhang, W. Fang, Q. Gu, X. Li
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Pulsed neutrons based on an electron linear accelerator (linac) are effective for measuring energy dependent cross-sections with high resolution by using the time-of-flight (TOF) technique. In this paper, we describe the 15-MeV linac design for the Nuclear Data project in Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP). The linac has three operating modes and the maximum average power is 7.5kW. We describe the characteristics of the linac and the study of the beam dynamics is also presented.

TUPEA052

Design Study for a CERN Short Base-Line Neutrino Facility

proton, extraction, secondary-beams, emittance

1250

R. Steerenberg, M. Calviani, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Ferrari, B. Goddard, R. Losito, M. Nessi, J.A. Osborne, L. Scibile, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P.R. Sala
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy

A design study has been initiated at CERN for the conception and construction of a short base line neutrino facility, using a proton beam from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) that will be transferred to a new secondary beam production facility, which will provide a neutrino beam for experiments and detector R&D. This paper resumes the general layout of the facility together with the main primary and secondary beam parameters and the choices favoured for the neutrino beam production.

TUPEA089

Modeling and Experimental Update on Quasi-phase Matched Direct Laser Electron Acceleration In Density-modulated Plasma Waveguides

plasma, laser, electron, simulation

1325

M.W. Lin, D.R. Abercrombie, I. Jovanovic, A. Rakhman
Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

Funding: This work has been supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency through Contract HDTRA1-11-1-0009.
Direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons using the axial electric field of a radially polarized, guided intense laser pulse has the potential to lead to compact laser-driven accelerators* for security and medical applications. A density-modulated plasma waveguide could be applied to extend the laser beam propagation distance and to achieve quasi-phase matching (QPM) between laser and electron pulses for efficient DLA**. We conduct numerical simulations to design the appropriate plasma structure of the waveguides and investigate the properties of accelerated electron beams. An all-optical method, based on the igniter-heater scheme for plasma waveguide fabrication, is experimentally implemented to machine the density-modulated plasma waveguides with low-Z gas targets. A novel angle-multiplexed diagnostic technique has been developed to extract the polarization state and temporal characteristics of a radially polarized femtosecond laser pulse using spatial-spectral interferometry***. The goal of our experiments is to characterize the propagation of femtosecond radially polarized pulses in plasma waveguides.
* P. Serafim, et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 1155 (2000).
** M. -W. Lin and I. Jovanovic, Phys. Plasmas 19, 113104 (2012).
***P. Bowlan, et al., Opt. Exp. 14, 11892 (2006)

TUPFI003

The Accelerator Design of Muon g-2 Experiment at J-PARC

rfq, proton, acceleration, beam-transport

1334

S. Artikova, F. Naito, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

New muon g-2 experiment at J-PARC is aimed to improve the precise measurement of the muon g-2. In this experiment, the ultra-cold muons created in the muonium target region is reaccelerated to around 300MeV/c in momentum (210 MeV kinetic energy) to then be injected into the muon g-2 storage ring to measure the decay products depending on the muon spin. The linac has advantage over circular accelerators to shorten the reacceleration time in the limited life time of muon. The muon linac consists of the initial acceleration (to 0.01 of v/c), bunching section (0.01 to 0.08 of v/c), low beta section (0.08 to 0.3 of v/c), middle beta section (0.3 to 0.7 of v/c) and high beta section (0.7 to 0.94 of v/c). As a part of the design consideration of this linac, we mainly present the simulation result of initial acceleration and further acceleration of muons with RFQ. An electric field is used to extract the ultra-cold muons from the laser ionization region and RF field is used to create some bunches and to accelerate to higher energies.

TUPFI010

The LHCb Online Luminosity Control and Monitoring

luminosity, controls, dipole, proton

1346

R. Alemany-Fernandez, F. Follin, R. Jacobsson
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The online luminosity control consists of an automatic slow real-time feedback system controlled by specific LHCb software, which communicates directly with a LHC software application. The LHC application drives a set of corrector magnets to adjust the transversal beam overlap at the LHCb interaction point in order to keep the instantaneous luminosity aligned to the target luminosity provided by the experiment. It was proposed and tested first in July 2010, and it has been in routine operation during the first two years of physics luminosity data taking, 2011 and 2012. This paper describes the operational performance of the LHCb experiment and the LHC accelerator during the luminosity control of the experiment, the accounting of the recorded luminosity and dead time of the detector, and analyses the beam stability during the adjustment of the transverse beam overlap at the interaction point.

TUPFI012

HL-LHC: Integrated Luminosity and Availability

luminosity, simulation, collider, hadron

1352

A. Apollonio, M. Jonker, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, S. Wagner, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The objective of LHC operation is to optimise the output for particle physics by maximising the integrated luminosity. An important constraint comes from the event pile–up for one bunch crossing that should not exceed 140 events per bunch crossing. With bunches every 25 ns the luminosity for data taking of the experiments should therefore not exceed 5*10³⁴ s⁻¹cm^-2. For the optimisation of the integrated luminosity it is planned to design HL-LHC for much higher luminosity than acceptable for the experiments and to limit the initial luminosity by operating with larger beam size at the collision points. During the fill, the beam size will be slowly reduced to keep the luminosity constant. The gain from luminosity levelling depends on the average length of the fills. Today, with the LHC operating at 4 TeV, most fills are terminated due to equipment failures, resulting in an average fill length of about 5 h. In this paper we discuss the expected integrated luminosity for HL-LHC as a function of fill length and time between fills, depending on the expected MTBF of the LHC systems with HL-LHC parameters. We derive an availability target for HL-LHC and discuss steps to achieve this.

TUPFI016

Optimization of Triplet Quadrupoles Field Quality for the LHC High Luminosity Lattice at Collision Energy

quadrupole, lattice, dynamic-aperture, luminosity

1364

Y. Nosochkov, Y. Cai, M.-H. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, E. McIntosh
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404; and by the US DOE contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
For the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC), the beta functions at two interaction points (IP) will be significantly reduced compared to the nominal LHC lattice. This will result in much higher peak beta functions in the inner triplet (IT) quadrupoles adjacent to these IPs. The consequences are a larger beam size in these quadrupoles, higher IT chromaticity, and stronger effects of the IT field errors on dynamic aperture (DA). The IT chromaticity will be compensated using the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing scheme*. The increased IT beam size will be accommodated by installing large aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupoles with 150 mm coil diameter. The field error tolerances in these magnets must satisfy the required acceptable DA while being reasonably close to realistically achievable field quality. Evaluation of the IT field errors was performed for the LHC upgrade layout version SLHCV3.01 with IT gradient of 123 T/m and IP collision beta functions of 15 cm in both planes. Dynamic aperture calculations were performed using SixTrack. Details of the optimization of the IT field errors are presented along with corrections to achieve the field quality specifications.
* S. Fartoukh, “An Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme for LHC Upgrade’’, in proceedings of IPAC11, p. 2088.

TUPFI018

A Simplified Magnetic Field Tapering and Target Optimisation for the Neutrino Factory Capture System

solenoid, proton, interaction-region, factory

1370

I. Efthymiopoulos, S.S. Gilardoni, O.M. Hansen, G. Prior
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O.M. Hansen
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
G. Prior
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

In the Neutrino Factory, a 4 MW proton beam with a kinetic energy between 5 and 15 GeV interacts with a liquid mercury jet target in order to produce pions that will decay to muons, which in turn decay to neutrinos. The baseline-capturing layout consists of a series of solenoids producing a tapered magnetic field from 20 T, near the target, down to 1.5 T at the entrance of the drift section where the captured pions decay into muons to produce a useful beam for the machine. In our alternative layout the magnetic field is rapidly squeezed from 20 T to 1.5T using only three solenoids. This layout showed to produce similar performance, having the advantage being simpler and could potentially be made more robust to radiation. Here we report on further optimization studies taking into account the complete path and shape fluctuations of the Hg-jet.

TUPFI019

Magnet Misalignment Studies for the Front-end of the Neutrino Factory

lattice, simulation, proton, factory

1373

G. Prior, I. Efthymiopoulos
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D.V. Neuffer, P. Snopok
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

In the Neutrino Factory Front-End the muon beam coming from the interaction of a high-power (4 MW) proton beam on a mercury jet target, is transformed through a buncher, a phase rotator and an ionization cooling channel before entering the downstream acceleration system. The muon Front-End channel is densely packed with solenoid magnets, normal conducting radio-frequency cavities and absorber windows (for the cooling section). The tolerance to the misalignment of the different components has to be determined in order on one hand to set the limits beyond which the performance of the Front-End channel would be degraded; on the other hand to optimize the design and assembly of the Front-End cells such that the component alignment can be checked and corrected for where crucial for the performance of the channel. In this paper we will show the results of the simulations of the Front-End channel performance where different components such as magnets, cavities have been randomly shifted or rotated. Detailed simulations have been done in G4BeamLine*. * T. J. Roberts et al. G4BeamLine 2.06 (2010) http://g4beamline.muonsinc.com/

TUPFI026

Investigations of the LHC Emittance Blow-Up during the 2012 Proton Run

emittance, injection, luminosity, proton

1394

M. Kuhn
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
G. Arduini, P. Baudrenghien, J. Emery, A. Guerrero, W. Höfle, V. Kain, M. Lamont, T. Mastoridis, F. Roncarolo, M. Sapinski, M. Schaumann, R.J. Steinhagen, G. Trad, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

About 30 % of the potential luminosity performance is lost through the different phases of the LHC cycle, mainly due to transverse emittance blow-up. Measuring the emittance growth is a difficult task with high intensity beams and changing energies. Improvements of the LHC transverse profile instrumentation helped to study various effects. A breakdown of the growth through the different phases of the LHC cycle is given as well as a comparison with the data from the LHC experiments for transverse beam size. In 2012 a number of possible sources and remedies have been studied. Among these are intra beam scattering, 50 Hz noise and the effect of the transverse damper gain. The results of the investigations are summarized in this paper. Requirements for transverse profile instrumentation for post LHC long shutdown operation to finally tackle the emittance growth are given as well.

TUPFI029

Luminosity Lifetime at the LHC in 2012 Proton Physics Operation

luminosity, emittance, proton, optics

1403

M. Hostettler, G. Papotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In 2012, the LHC was operated at 4 TeV flat top energy with beam parameters that allowed exceeding a peak instantaneous luminosity of 7500 (ub*s)^-1 and a total of 23 fb^-1 integrated luminosity in the ATLAS and CMS experiments. This paper elaborates on the evolution of the LHC luminosity and luminosity lifetime during proton physics fills and through the year 2012. Bunch to bunch differences and the impact of different machine settings are highlighted.

TUPFI046

The MICE Experiment

solenoid, emittance, simulation, quadrupole

1454

A.P. Blondel
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland

Ionization Cooling is the only practical solution to preparing high brilliance muon beams for a neutrino factory or muon collider. MICE is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). It is characterized by exquisite emittance determination by 6D measurement of individual particles, a cooling section comprising 23 MV of acceleration at 200 MHz and 3 liquid hydrogen absorbers totaling 1m of liquid hydrogen on the path of 140-240 MeV/c muons. The beam has already been commissioned successfully and first measurements of beam emittance performed. We are setting up for the final high precision emittance determination and the measurements of cooling in Li Hydrogen. The design offers opportunities to observe cooling with various absorbers and several optics configurations. Results will be compared with detailed simulations of cooling channel performance to ensure full understanding of the cooling process. Progress towards the full cooling experiment with RF re-acceleration will also be reported.
Submitted by the MICE speakers bureau
hoping for a contributed oral
to be give by the spokesperson, prof. A. Blondel

TUPFI055

Stochastic Injection Scenarios and Performance for NuSTORM

injection, storage-ring, proton, simulation

1469

D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
A. Liu
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

At Fermilab, we are developing NuSTORM (Neutrinos from STORed Muons), a neutrino beam from muon decay in a long straight section of a storage ring. The baseline design for NuSTORM uses what was called “stochastic injection”. In that method, high-energy protons on a nuclear target produce pions that are directed by a chicane into a straight section of the storage ring. Pions that decay within that straight section can provide lower-energy muons that are within the circulating acceptance of the storage ring. This decay acceptance enables injection for multiple storage ring turns without kickers, and muon accumulation can be reasonably high. The design of a muon storage ring with pion injection is described and simulations of acceptance are discussed. Alternative injection approaches are also discussed.

TUPFI056

A Muon Collider as a Higgs Factory

collider, luminosity, emittance, factory

1472

D.V. Neuffer, Y.I. Alexahin, M.A. Palmer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons. Inc., USA
J.-P. Delahaye
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Because muons connect directly to a standard-model Higgs particle in s-channel production, a muon collider would be an ideal device for precision measurement of the mass and width of a Higgs-like particle, and for further exploration of its production and decay properties. The LHC has seen evidence for a 126 GeV Higgs particle, and a muon collider at that energy could be constructed. Parameters of a high-precision muon collider are presented and the necessary components and performance are described. An important advantage of the muon collider approach is that the spin precession of the muons will enable energy measurements at extremely high accuracy (E/E to 10^-6 or better). Extension to a higher-energy higher-luminosity device is also discussed.

TUPFI057

Muon Accelerators for the Next Generation of High Energy Physics Experiments

collider, factory, proton, background

1475

M.A. Palmer, S. Brice, A.D. Bross, D.S. Denisov, E. Eichten, R.J. Lipton, D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons. Inc., USA
S.A. Bogacz
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J.-P. Delahaye
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
P. Huber
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
D.M. Kaplan, P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
R.D. Ryne
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation
Muon accelerator technology offers a unique and very promising avenue to a facility capable of producing high intensity muon beams for neutrino factory and multi-TeV lepton collider applications. The goal of the US Muon Accelerator Program is to provide an assessment, within the next 6 years, of the physics potential and technical feasibility of such a facility. This talk will describe the physics opportunities that are envisioned, along with the R&D efforts that are being undertaken to address key accelerator physics and technology questions.

TUPFI066

Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment Step VI

solenoid, simulation, emittance, site

1502

D. Rajaram
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

In the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) the transverse emittance of the muon beam is reduced (muon cooling) by passing it through low-Z material, then through RF cavities to compensate for the energy loss. Transverse emittance reduction of the muon beam will be demonstrated for the first time in MICE Step IV configuration using liquid Hydrogen absorbers as well as a variety of solid absorbers. Current status and efforts towards Step IV are summarized, including hardware fabrication and testing, Monte Carlo simulations, track reconstruction algorithms.

TUPFI067

Energy Deposition and Shielding Study of the Front End for the Neutrino Factory

shielding, proton, solenoid, factory

1505

P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

In the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider muons are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are then accelerated. This method of pion production results in significant background from protons and electrons, which may result in heat deposition on superconducting materials and activation of the machine preventing manual handling. In this paper we discuss the design of a secondary particle handling system. The system comprises a solenoidal chicane that filters high momentum particles, followed by a proton absorber that reduces the energy of all particles, resulting in the rejection of low energy protons that pass through the solenoid chicane. We detail the design and optimization of the system, its integration with the rest of the muon front end, and energy deposition and shielding analysis in MARS15.

TUPFI069

Influence of Proton Beam Emittances on Particle Production off a Muon Collider Target

proton, emittance, collider, factory

1511

X.P. Ding, D.B. Cline
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CHI10886.
A free-mercury-jet or a free-gallium-jet is considered for the pion-production target at a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory. Based on a simple Gaussian incident proton beams with an infinitely large Courant-Snyder β parameters, we have previously optimized the geometric parameters of the target to maximize particle production initiated by incoming protons with kinetic energies (KE) between 2 and 16 GeV by using the MARS15 code. In this paper, we extend our optimization to focused proton beams with various transverse emittances. For the special cases of proton beams with emittances of 2.5, 5 or 10 μm-rad and a kinetic energy of 8 GeV, we optimized the geometric parameters of the target: the radius of the proton beam, the radius of the liquid jet, the crossing angle between the jet and the proton beam, and the incoming proton beam angle. We also study the influence of a shift of the beam focal point relative to the intersection point of the beam and the jet.

TUPFI073

Design of Magnets for the Target and Decay Region of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory Target

factory, collider, solenoid, proton

1514

R.J. Weggel, N. Souchlas
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The target and decay region of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory transports pions and muons in a superconducting solenoid channel that must be protected from radiation damage secondary particles produced by the 4-MW proton beam. For this, He-gas-cooled tungsten beads will be arrayed inside the magnet coils, which leads to large coil radii and high stored magnetic energy (~3 GJ). The design of the superconducting coils, and the tungsten shielding for the ~ 50-m-long target and decay region is reviewed.

TUPFI074

Design of the Final Focus of the Proton Beam for a Neutrino Factory

proton, factory, quadrupole, collider

1517

J. Pasternak, M. Aslaninejad
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
K. E. Gollwitzer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The ~ 8-GeV, 4-MW proton beam that drives a Neutrino Factory has a nominal 50-Hz macropulse structure with 2-3 micropulses ~ 100 ns apart. The nominal geometric beam emittance is 5 micron, and the desired rms beam radius at the liquid-metal-jet target is 1.2 mm. A quadrupole-triplet focusing system to deliver this beam spot is described.

TUPFI075

Optimizing Muon Capture and Transport for a Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Front End

solenoid, proton, factory, collider

1520

H. K. Sayed, J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

In the baseline scheme of the Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider a muon beam from pion decay is produced by bombarding a liquid-mercury-jet target with a 4-MW pulsed proton beam. The target is embedded in a high-field solenoid magnet that is followed by a lower field Decay Channel. The adiabatic variation in solenoid field strength along the beam near the target performs an emittance exchange that affects the performance of the downstream Buncher, Phase Rotator, and Cooling Channel. An optimization was performed using MARS1510 and ICOOL codes in which the initial and final solenoid fields strengths, as well as the rate of change of the field along the beam, were varied to maximize the number of muons delivered to the Cooling Channel that fall within the acceptance cuts of the subsequent muon-acceleration systems.

TUPME003

Simulations of the ILC Positron Source at Low Energies

positron, undulator, electron, polarization

1562

A. Ushakov, V.S. Kovalenko, G.A. Moortgat-Pick
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
S. Riemann, F. Staufenbiel
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Optimization", contract number 19XL7Ic4
The International Linear Collider (ILC) baseline design includes an undulator-based positron source. The accelerated electron beam will be used for the positron generation before it goes to the collision point. For the whole ILC energy range the source has to generate 1.5 positrons per electron. However, the efficiency of positron production goes down with decreasing electron drive beam energy. This effect can be compensated to some extend by the choice of undulator parameters and an optimized capture section. The simulation study considers for the range of electron beam energies down to low values of 120 GeV the feasibility to achieve the required positron yield. In particular, the optimum parameters for undulator and capture section are presented depending on the drive electron beam energy.

TUPME005

Preparations for Beam Tests of a CLIC Damping Wiggler Prototype at ANKA

wiggler, damping, emittance, storage-ring

1568

A. Bernhard, E. Huttel, P. Peiffer
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
A.V. Bragin, N.A. Mezentsev, V.M. Syrovatin, K. Zolotarev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
P. Ferracin, D. Schoerling
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will require ultra-low emittance electron and positron beams. The targeted emittance will be achieved by radiative damping in the CLIC damping rings. For an efficient damping high-field short-period superconducting damping wigglers will be employed. In the conceptual design phase of CLIC, the basic layout of these wigglers has been elaborated at CERN. In the course of the CLIC technical feasibility studies a full-scale damping wiggler prototype will be installed and tested in the ANKA storage ring. The device is currently under design and construction at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia. Above the magnetic requirements, the main design challenges for the prototype are scalability –- particularly of the cooling concept –-, modularity and the capability of sustaining a high radiative heat load. The experiments at ANKA aim at a validation of the technical concepts applied to meet these requirements. Beyond that an extended experimental program on beam dynamics and alternative technical solutions is envisaged. This contribution gives an overview over the current status of the project and the further planning.

TUPME006

Simulation of Stress in Positron Targets for Future Linear Colliders

photon, positron, undulator, electron

1571

F. Staufenbiel, S. Riemann
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Future linear collider projects require intense positron sources with yields of about 10¹⁴ positrons per second. The positron source for the ILC is based on a helical undulator passed by the accelerated electron beam to create an intense circularly polarized photon beam. The positron beam produced by these photons is longitudinally polarized. The intense photon beam causes rapid temperature increase in the target material resulting in periodic stress. The average and peak thermal and mechanical load are simulated. Implications due to long-term target irradiation are considered.

TUPME029

VEPP-4: Application Beyond the High Energy Physics

electron, positron, collider, radiation

1637

O.I. Meshkov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The current status of VEPP-4M electron-positron collider has been described. During fall of 2011 the accelerator was shut down for planned reconstruction of KEDR detector. The next long run of the collider will be dedicated to the experiments at high energy physics within area of 2-5 GeV. Nevertheless, the set of experiments at booster VEPP-3 were continued. VEPP-3 was operated as an SR source, the experiment with internal target was performed and electron/positron scattering at proton was studied. The short runs of VEPP-4M were used as for commissioning of the new “warm” 3T wiggler as for experiments with an extracted electron beam dedicated for testing of different high energy physics detectors. The experiment of comparing of anomalous magnetic moment of electron and positron is con-tinued at VEPP-4M. The system of RF beam shifting is installed at a straight section of the accelerator. It is applied for elimination of parasitic interaction points of electron and positron beams. The first experiments with this system are described. KEDR detector reconstruction should be finished at autumn of 2013. The future experiments with KEDR detector are discussed.

TUPME042

The SPS as an Ultra-low Emittance Damping Ring Test Facility for CLIC

damping, emittance, wiggler, optics

1661

Y. Papaphilippou, R. Corsini, L.R. Evans
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In view of the plans for a future electron/positron linear collider based on the CLIC technology, an ultra-low emittance damping ring test facility is proposed, using the CERN SPS. Optics modification, required wiggler length and characteristics, energy and RF parameters are presented in order to reach CLIC performance requirements, including the effect of Intrabeam Scattering. Considerations about the necessary injected beam characteristics, its production and transfer through the existing CERN accelerator complex are also discussed.

TUPME067

Design Concept of a Gamma-gamma Higgs Factory Driven by Thin Laser Targets and Energy Recovery Linacs

laser, photon, electron, collider

1721

Y. Zhang
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
A gamma-gamma collider has long been considered an option for a Higgs Factory. Such photon colliders usually rely on Compton back-scattering for generating high energy gamma photons and further Higgs bosons through gamma-gamma collisions. The presently existing proposals or design concepts all have chosen a very thick laser target (i.e., high laser photon intensity) for Compton scatterings. In this paper, we present a new design concept of a gamma-gamma collider utilizing a thin laser target (i.e., relatively low photon density), thus leading to a low electron to gamma photon conversion rate. This new concept eliminates most useless and harmful low energy soft gamma photons from multiple Compton scattering so the detector background is improved. It also greatly relaxes the requirement of the high peak power of the laser, a significant technical challenge. A high luminosity for such a gamma-gamma collider can be achieved through an increase of the bunch repetition rate and current of the driven electron beam. Further, multi-pass recirculating linac could greatly reduce the linac cost and energy recovery is required to reduce the needed RF power.

TUPWO004

Preliminary Design of a 4 MW Proton Beam Switchyard for a Neutrino Super Beam Production Facility

proton, kicker, dipole, quadrupole

1880

E. Bouquerel, M. Dracos, F.R. Osswald
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

Funding: European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372.
The feasibility of the distribution of 4 MW proton beam power onto a 4-targets horn system for neutrino super-beams production is discussed. A preliminary solution using a pair of bipolar kickers to route the beam onto the targets at a repetition rate of 50 Hz (12.5 Hz per beam line) is proposed. Compensating dipoles would apply symmetry in the system. Magnetic fields induced by these optical elements would not exceed 0.96 T. Studies of the beam envelopes with the code TRANSPORT suggest the use of three quadrupoles per beam line located after the dipoles to focus the 4 mm σ beam onto each target. The length of this switchyard system is estimated to be 29.9 m and 3 m radius.

TUPWO024

The Study of a Calculation Method for Measurement of Diagnostic Neutral Beam Property

plasma, neutral-beams, ion, extraction

1934

L.Z. Liang, C.D. Hu, J.L. Wei
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11075183.
Considering the beam divergence and the convergence of the spherical electrode, the beam transmission model is presented, and the variation of beam edge is described by a formula, which is used to calculate the beam divergence half-angle with the experimental data obtained by the thermocouples. Assuming the beam divergence half-angle is constant in space and time, the beam profile distribution formula and variation of beam axial intensity are introduced. Taking the HT-7 Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB) as a reference, the divergence half-angle is calculated for the neutral beam shot 60901. The 1/e half-width of beam at collimation target calculated by formula is in agreement with that of experimental data. Variation of beam edge and axial intensity with downstream distance is estimated for HT-7 diagnostic neutral beam.

WEOAB203

The PEPPo Concept for a Polarized Positron Source

positron, electron, polarization, photon

2088

E. J-M. Voutier
LPSC, Grenoble, France

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Polarized positron beams are identified as an essential ingredient for the experimental program at the next generation of lepton accelerators (JLab, Super KEK B, ILC, CLIC). A proof-of-principle experiment for a new method to produce polarized positrons has recently been performed at the Jefferson Laboratory. The PEPPo (Polarized Electrons for Polarized Positrons) concept relies on the production of polarized e⁺e⁻ pairs from the bremsstrahlung radiation of a longitudinally polarized electron beam interacting within a high Z conversion target. The experiment was performed at the injector of the CEBAF accelerator at JLab and investigated the polarization transfer of an 8.3 MeV/c polarized electron beam to positrons produced in varying production target thicknesses. A dedicated new beam-line was constructed to produce, collect and transport positrons in the momentum range of 3.2 MeV/c to 6.2 MeV/c to a polarized iron target for polarization measurements. This technique potentially opens a new pathway for both high energy and thermal polarized positron beams. This presentation will discuss the PEPPo concept, the motivations for the experiment and the preliminary experimental results.
The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.

Slides WEOAB203 [4.102 MB]

WEOBB203

Design of Phase Feed Forward System in CTF3 and Performance of Fast Beam Phase Monitors

kicker, optics, quadrupole, pick-up

2097

P. Skowroński, A. Andersson, A. Gerbershagen, E. Ikarios, J. Roberts
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, A. Gerbershagen, C. Perry, J. Roberts
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, A. Gerbershagen, C. Perry
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
E. Ikarios
National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project Eu- CARD, grant agreement no. 227579
The CLIC two beam acceleration technology requires a drive beam phase stability of better than 0.3 deg rms at 12 GHz, corresponding to a timing stability below 50 fs rms. For this reason the CLIC design includes a phase stabilization feed-forward system. It relies on precise beam phase measurement and its subsequent correction in a chicane with help of fast kickers. A prototype of such a system is being installed in CLIC Test Facility CTF3. In this paper we describe in detail its design and implementation. Additionally, we present and discuss the performance of the precision phase monitor prototypes installed at the end of the CTF3 linac, measured with the drive beam.
We would like to acknowledge support of G.Sensolini, A.Zolla (INFN/LNF Frascati), N.S.Chritin and J-M.Scigliuto (CERN) in design and fabrication of components.

Slides WEOBB203 [6.770 MB]

WEIB203

Industrialization of ILC from a View Point of Industry

cavity, HOM, vacuum, status

2110

K. Sennyu, H. Hara, F. Inoue, K. Kanaoka, K. Okihira
MHI, Hiroshima, Japan

Cavity performance has been improved by various efforts to meet the ILC spec stably in these days. For industrialization, not only Quality but also Cost and Delivery time, that is, QCD are important. We report our activities for stable quality and cost reduction in this report.

Slides WEIB203 [5.789 MB]

WEPWA011

Injector Linac for the MESA Facility

linac, booster, SRF, electron

2150

R.G. Heine, K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research (BMBF) and German Research Foundation (DFG) under the Cluster of Excellence "PRISMA"
In this paper we present several possible configurations of an injector linac for the upcoming Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA)* and discuss their suitability for the project.
*R. Heine, K. Aulenbacher, R. Eichhorn "MESA - Sketch of An Energy Recovery Linac For Nuclear Physics Experiments At Mainz" IPAC 12, New Orleans, USA, 2012, p.1993, TUPR073

WEPWA059

Operation of the Drive Laser System for the 2998 MHz NSRRC Photoinjector

laser, gun, cathode, electron

2250

M.C. Chou, W.K. Lau, A.P. Lee
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A 266nm UV laser system has been installed as the drive laser of the NSRRC 2998 MHz photo-cathode rf gun. We will report our experiences on using such laser system for rf gun beam test. UV optics for laser beam transport as well as shaping technique we used for emittance preservation will also be presented.

WEPWA077

Aperture Test for Internal Target Operation in the JLAB High-current ERL

FEL, electron, diagnostics, radiation

2289

S. Zhang, S.V. Benson, G.H. Biallas, K. Blackburn, J.R. Boyce, D.B. Bullard, J.L. Coleman, J. Delk, D. Douglas, P. Evtushenko, C.W. Gould, J.G. Gubeli, F.E. Hannon, D. Hardy, C. Hernandez-Garcia, K. Jordan, J.M. Klopf, R.A. Legg, M. Marchlik, W. Moore, G. Neil, J. Powers, T. Powers, D.W. Sexton, M.D. Shinn, C. Tennant, R.L. Walker, G.P. Williams, F.G. Wilson
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Balewski, J. Bernauer, W. Bertozzi, R.F. Cowan, P.F. Fisher, E. Ihloff, A. Kelleher, R. Milner, L. Ou, B.A. Schmookler, c. Tschalär
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
N. Kalantarians
Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA

Funding: Supported by the Commonwealth of Virginia, U.S. DOE Nuclear and High Energy Physics, and by the U.S. DOE Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. DE-AC05-060R23177.
A high current beam transmission test has been successfully completed at the JLAB FEL Facility, culminating in very low-loss transmission of a high current CW beam through a small aperture. The purpose of this test was to determine if an ERL is capable of meeting the stringent requirements imposed by the use of a 10¹⁸/cm³ internal gas target proposed for the DarkLight experiment*. Minimal beamline modifications were made to create a machine configuration that is substantially different from those used in routine UV or IR FEL operation. A sustained (8 hour) high power beam run was performed, with clean transmission through a 2 mm transverse aperture of 127 mm length simulating the target configuration. A beam size of 50 um (rms) was measured near the center of the aperture. Experimental data from a week-long test run consistently exhibited beam loss of only a few ppm on the aperture while running 4.5 mA current at 100 MeV – or nearly 0.5 MW beam power. This surpassed the users’ expectation and demonstrated a unique capability of an ERL for this type of experiments. This report presents a summary of the experiment, a brief overview of our activities, and outlines future plans.
References:
* P. Fisher, et al.,“Jlab PR-11-008: A Proposal for the DarkLight Experiment at the Jefferson Laboratory Free Electron Laser.” http://www.jlab.org/exp_prog/proposals/11prop.html

WEPWO008

SRF Conical Half-wave Resonator Tuning Developments

cavity, simulation, resonance, cryomodule

2325

E.N. Zaplatin
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
A. Kanareykin
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Funding: This Work is supported by the DOE SBIR Program, contract # DE-SC0006302.
A conical Half-Wave Resonator is considered as an option for a first accelerating cavity for β=v/c=0.11 with the resonance frequency 162.5 MHz for a high-intensity proton accelerator complex proposed at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Project X). We present results of different options of the cavity mechanical tuning. The "standard" tuning method of beam port deformations is an effective tuning method still requiring a relatively high tuning pressure. The side tuning is considered as a novel option for the resonance frequency adjustment featuring lower tuning force and an option of the structure design for the resonator frequency shift self compensation.

WEPWO017

Efforts on Nondestructive Inspections for SC Cavities

cavity, laser, SRF, cryogenics

2352

Y. Iwashita, Y. Fuwa, M. Hashida, S. Sakabe, S. Tokita, H. Tongu
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
H. Hayano, K. Watanabe, Y. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Otani
INRS-EMT, Varennes (Québec), Canada

The high resolution camera, so-called Kyoto Camera, inspecting the Sc cavity inner surface showed the importance of nondestructive inspections to improve yield in production of high performance SC Cavities. Further efforts have been continued for the inspection and the high resolution T-map, X-map and eddy current scanner have been developed. A radiography to detect small voids inside the Nb EBW seam with the target resolution of 0.1 mm is under investigation. We have carried out radiography tests with X-rays induced from an ultra short pulse intense laser.

WEPWO044

RF Characterization of Niobium Films for Superconducting Cavities

niobium, quadrupole, plasma, ion

2399

S. Aull, S. Calatroni, S. Döbert, T. Junginger, G. Terenziani
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Aull
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
A.P. Ehiasarian, G. Terenziani
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
J. Knobloch
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the Wolfgang-Gentner-Programme of the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
The surface resistance RS of superconductors shows a complex dependence on the external parameters such as temperature, frequency or radio-frequency (RF) field. The excited modes of 400, 800 and 1200 MHz allow measurements at actual operating frequencies of superconducting cavities. Niobium films on copper substrates have several advantages over bulk niobium cavities. HiPIMS (High-power impulse magnetron sputtering) is a promising technique to increase the quality and therefore the performance of niobium films. This contribution will introduce CERNs recently developed HiPIMS coating apparatus. Moreover, first results of niobium coated copper samples will be presented, revealing the dominant loss mechanisms.

WEPWO066

Frequency Control in the Cornell-ERL Main-Linac Cavity Production

cavity, niobium, controls, LabView

2453

V.D. Shemelin, B. Bullock, P.R. Carriere, B. Clasby, R. Eichhorn, B. Elmore, J.J. Kaufman, J. Sears
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: NSF award DMR-0807731
Cavity fabrication can be broken down into three main stages: deep-drawing cups, welding the cups in pairs to obtain “dumbbells” and end groups, and, finally, welding the obtained components into a completed cavity. Frequency measurements and precise machining were implemented after the second stage. A custom RF fixture and data acquisition system were used for this purpose. The system comprised of a mechanical press with RF contacts, a network analyzer, a load cell and custom LabVIEW and MATLAB scripts. To extract the individual frequencies of the cups from these measurements, algorithm of calculations was developed. Corrections for the ambient environment were also incorporated into the measurement protocol. Two 7-cell 1.3 GHz cavities were produced with high field flatness immediately after fabrication.

WEPWO087

Parameter Optimization for Laser Polishing of Niobium for SRF Applications

laser, niobium, cavity, SRF

2498

L. Zhao, M.J. Kelley
The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA
M.J. Kelley, J.M. Klopf, C.E. Reece
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Surface smoothness is critical to the performance of SRF cavities. As laser technology has been widely applied to metal machining and surface treatment, we are encouraged to use it on niobium as an alternative to the traditional wet polishing process where aggressive chemicals are involved. In this study, we describe progress toward smoothing by optimizing laser parameters on BCP treated niobium surfaces. Results show that microsmoothing of the surface without ablation is achievable.

Poster WEPWO087 [1.683 MB]

WEPEA063

Upgrades and Consolidation of the CERN AD for Operation during the Next Decades

controls, antiproton, electron, vacuum

2654

T. Eriksson, M. E. Angoletta, L. Arnaudon, J.A. Baillie, M. Calviani, F. Caspers, L.V. Joergensen, R. Kersevan, G. Le Godec, R. Louwerse, M. Ludwig, S. Maury, A. Newborough, C. Oliveira, G. Tranquille
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

As the ELENA project is now well underway, focus is turned to the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) itself. Most of the machine’s key components are in operation since more than 25 years and a substantial consolidation program is now being launched in view of continued operation beyond 2025. Over the course of the next few years a progressive consolidation of the AD-Target area, the AD-ring and all associated systems will take place. Several investigations have recently been performed in the target area with the objective of establishing the radiation environment and the sensitivity of the antiproton production to potential misalignment of the production elements. Identification of reliability and serviceability issues of the AD-ring components and associated systems has been done and will continue during the 2013 shut-down. Planned and ongoing consolidation activities are also discussed with emphasis on stochastic and electron beam cooling, instrumentation, RF systems, vacuum, magnets, power converters and beam transfer equipment.

WEPEA071

Performance Limitations in the Lhc Due to Parasitic Beam-Beam Encounters - Parameter Dependence, Scaling, and Pacman Effects

dynamic-aperture, beam-beam-effects, emittance, luminosity

2672

T. Pieloni
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
X. Buffat, R. Calaga, R. Calaga, R. Giachino, W. Herr, E. Métral, G. Papotti, G. Trad
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Kaltchev
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

We studied possible limitations due to the long-range beam-beam effects in the LHC. With a large number of bunches and collisions in all interaction points, we have reduced the crossing angles (separation) to enhance long-range beam-beam effects to evaluate their influence on dynamic aperture and losses. Different β^*, number of bunches and intensities have been used in several dedicated experiments and allow the test of the expected scaling laws.

WEPEA074

Optimisation of the Beam Line for COMET Phase-I

dipole, electron, solenoid, background

2681

A. Kurup, I. Puri, Y. Uchida, Y. Yap
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
R. Appleby, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.T.P. D'Arcy, A. Edmonds, M. Lancaster, M. Wing
UCL, London, United Kingdom

The COMET experiment will search for very rare muon processes that will give us an insight into particle physics beyond the Standard Model. COMET requires an intense beam of muons with a momentum less than 70 MeV/c. This is achieved using an 8 GeV proton beam; a heavy metal target to primarily produce pions; a solenoid capture system; and a curved solenoid to perform charge and momentum selection. It was recently proposed to build COMET is two phases with physics measurements being made in both phases. This requires re-optimising the beam line for a shorter curved solenoid. This will affect the pion and muon yield; the momentum distributions at the detector; and the collimator scheme required. This paper will present the beam line design for COMET Phase-I, which aims to maximise the yield for low momentum muons suppressing sources of backgrounds in the beam.

WEPFI023

Study on Two-cell RF-deflector Cavity for Ultra-short Electron Bunch Measurement

cavity, electron, gun, simulation

2753

Y. Nishimura, K. Sakaue, T. Takahashi, M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
T. Takatomi, J. Urakawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Work supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 10001690 and the Quantum Beam Technology Program of MEXT.
We have been developing an S-band Cs-Te photocathode rf electron gun system for pulse radiolysis and laser Compton scattering experiment at Waseda University. These researches demand for high quality and well controlled electron beam. In order to measure the ultra-short electron bunch, we decided to use rf-deflector cavity, which can convert the longitudinal distribution to that of transverse. With this technique, the longitudinal bunch profile can be obtained as the transverse profile. We used the 3D electromagnetic simulation codes HFSS for designing rf deflector cavity and GPT for beam tracking. The cavity has 2 cell structures operating on π mode, standing wave, dipole (TM120) mode at 2856MHz. We have confirmed on HFSS that 2 cell rf-deflector cavity can produce 660G magnetic field per cell on beam line with 750kW input rf power. This field strength is enough for our target, which is 100fs bunch length measurement at 4.3MeV. In this conference, we will present the cavity structure design, the present progresses and future plan.

WEPFI037

Recent Status of a C-band 2MeV Accelerator

electron, laser, linac, status

2783

W. Bai
CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China

In order to carry out engineering research on miniaturization of accelerator, we performs effort to develop C-band 2MeV standing wave accelerator. At present , the important progress has been achieved on the accelerator development. The accelerating tube has been fully sealed, and the hot test platform of the accelerator has been built. In condition of repetition rate of 200Hz, preliminary power test has been got through. Using ionization chamber dose monitor, we tested the dose rate of X-ray at 1m before the target. And by means of steel absorption method, we tested the energy of the electron beam. The preliminary test results are: beam energy about 2.0MeV, dose rate about 2Gy/min•m.

WEPFI064

Prototype Refinement of the VELA Transverse Deflecting Cavity Design

cavity, simulation, vacuum, emittance

2842

P. Goudket, S.R. Buckley, L.S. Cowie, A.E. Wheelhouse
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

The Versatile Linear Accelerator (VELA) at Daresbury Laboratory will deliver low energy (5/6 MeV) short bunches (~40 fs) to a number of industrial experimental stations and for scientific research. In order to measure the longitudinal profile of the bunch an S-band transverse deflecting cavity will be inserted into the beamline. A transverse kick of around 5 MV is required therefore a 9 cell design has been chosen. As part of the design iteration a three-cell prototype has been built. Frequency measurements have been performed on the prototype cavity as well as Coordinate Measuring Machine to confirm that the dimensions are to the required design tolerances. Subsequently, further modelling has been performed to improve and refine the design of the 9-cell cavity, to ensure that the frequency of the final design is within the tuning range of the water thermal control system and that the field flatness requirement can be obtained.

WEPME034

Motion Control of the Mirror Chamber

EPICS, controls, focusing

2998

Z.H. Zhang, L.F. Zheng
SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
W.H. Jia, P. Liu
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), CAS, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
The initial beamlines of SSRF have several mirror chambers. The motion mechanism of the mirror chamber consists of six step motors. Three vertical motors are used to achieve the height translation, the roll adjustment and the pitch adjustment. Two horizontal motors are used to achieve the horizon translation and the yaw adjustment. The mirror bending is achieved by a single motor. Except the bending, every motion needs two or three motors to work simultaneously. The VME systems are used in the control system. The EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) toolkits [1] are adopted to develop the control software. This paper describes how to use motor records, transform records and the EPICS database linking mechanism to form soft loops, which solve the difficulties of the complex motions perfectly. The system has been successfully applied in the mirror chambers at SSRF.

WEPME041

The Distance from CERN to LNGS

site, controls, survey, alignment

3016

M.A. Jones, I. Efthymiopoulos, D.P. Missiaen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Obviously the distance between the CNGS Target at CERN and the LNGS Opera experiment cannot be measured directly and in fact requires the combination of three independent sets of measurements: two to link underground reference points at each site to corresponding points on the surface; and a third to link the surface points at both sites. Until the Opera results raised questions about the speed at which neutrinos travelled, the main alignment concern for the CNGS beamline had been an orientation problem -to ensure that the beamline arrived to within ~100 m of its target at LNGS. GPS measurements at the two sites, and the use of gyro-theodolite measurements in the tunnel at CERN, ensured that the absolute alignment of the beamline was established to the required accuracy. New determinations of the links between the surface and the tunnel were not considered necessary until interest grew in the distance between the sites, at which point additional measurement campaigns were organised in order to further reduce the uncertainty in the distance. Details of all these campaigns and the distance estimates will be given.

WEPME045

Development and Validation of a Multipoint Based Laser Alignment System for CLIC

laser, alignment, linac, linear-collider

3028

G. Stern, J. Kemppinen, F. Lackner, H. Mainaud Durand, D. Piedigrossi, J. Sandomierski, M. Sosin
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Geiger, S. Guillaume
ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

Alignment is one of the major challenges within CLIC study, since all accelerator components have to be aligned with accuracy up to 10 μm over sliding windows of 200 m. So far, the straight line reference concept has been based on stretched wires coupled with Wire Positioning Sensors. This concept should be validated through inter-comparison with an alternative solution. This paper proposes an alternative concept where laser beam acts as straight line reference and optical shutters coupled with cameras visualise the beam. The principle was first validated by a series of tests using low-cost components. Yet, in order to further decrease measurement uncertainty in this validation step, a high-precision automatised micrometric table and reference targets have been added to the setup. The paper presents the results obtained with this new equipment, in terms of measurement precision. In addition, the paper gives an overview of first tests done at long distance (up to 53 m), having emphasis on beam divergence.

THOAB202

Secondary Neutron Production from Patients during Hadron Therapy and their Radiation Risks: the Other Side of Hadron Therapy

neutron, ion, proton, hadron

3118

M.A. Chaudhri
University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany

We were the first to calculate and measure the neutron produced from patients during therapy with bremsstrahlung, and estimated their radiation doses *. This neutron output would be lot higher with hadrons due to their larger cross sections. There is no reliable/ useful data on this subject. Using the experimental neutron production data from different body elements, we have estimated the fluence and energies of these neutrons from tissue under irradiation with different hadrons. Our results indicate that at least 4.2 neutrons , with energies greater than 5 MeV, are produced for every C-ion of 400 MeV/u energy incident on tissue. This number reduces to 3, 1.4 and 0.3 respectively at C-energies of 300, 200 and 100 MeV /u. For protons these numbers are estimated to be 0.05, 0.2 and 0.4 per proton of energies 100, 200 and 300 MeV respectively. There would be even more neutrons with energies lesser than 5 MeV. The doses to some organs have been estimated, which are not negligible. A “Compromise optimum energy” concept is suggested. But extreme caution is highly recommend before treating patients with hadrons, especially children and younger people who still have many years to live.
* P.Allen and M.A Chaudhri, Phys. Med. Biol. 33 (1988) 1017

Slides THOAB202 [3.644 MB]

THOAB203

100 MeV/100kW Electron Linear Accelerator Driver of the NSC KIPT Neutron Source

electron, neutron, gun, bunching

3121

A.Y. Zelinsky, N. Ayzatsky, O. Bezditko, I.M. Karnaukhov, V.A. Kushnir, V. Mitrochenco
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
Y.L. Chi, X.W. Dai, C.D. Deng, M. Hou, X.C. Kong, R.L. Liu, W.B. Liu, C. Ma, G. Pei, S. Pei, H. Song, S. Wang, J.B. Zhao, Z.S. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. Gohar
ANL, Argonne, USA

In NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine a neutron source based on a subcritical assembly driven by a 100MeV/100kW electron linear accelerator will be constructed. This neutron source is an USA (ANL)-Ukraine (KIPT) Joint project, and its Accelerator will be designed and constructed by Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), China. The design and construction of such a Accelerator with high average beam current and low beam power losses is a technical challenging task. In the paper, the main accelerator features and current status are under discussion.

Slides THOAB203 [8.585 MB]

THPPA01

Realization of New Charge-state Stripper for High-power Uranium Ion Beams

stripper, ion, acceleration, electron

3135

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Recent works to realize the new charge-state stripper using recirculating helium gas are presented. Very limited lifetimes of conventional solid-state strippers due to huge dE/dx for very heavy ion beams (e.g., for uranium ions, several thousand times larger than protons at the energy around 10 MeV/u) were a principal bottleneck for their multi-stage acceleration at high intensities. The new stripping system is characterized by its infinite lifetime, efficient stripping and small beam degradation even for the world’s most intense uranium ion beams provided by the RIBF (more than 1 pμA at the injected energy of 11 MeV/u). Successful operations of the system in 2012 greatly contribute to the remarkable expansion of the accelerator performance of the RIBF that will allow an enormous breakthrough for exploring new domains of the nuclear world in the next several years; the peak intensity of the uranium beam has reached 15.1 pnA (almost 10¹¹ pps) at 345 MeV/u and the average intensity provided for the users has become ten times higher than it was in 2011.

Slides THPPA01 [6.535 MB]

THPEA004

Precise Verification of Phase and Amplitude Calibration by means of a Debunching Experiment in SIS18

controls, cavity, bunching, injection

3155

U. Hartel, H. Klingbeil
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
J. Grieser, D.E.M. Lens
TU Darmstadt, RTR, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Klingbeil, U. Laier, K.-P. Ningel, S. Schäfer, B. Zipfel
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
Several new rf cavity systems have to be realized for the FAIR synchrotrons and for the upgrade of the existing GSI synchrotron SIS18*. For this purpose, a completely new low-level rf system architecture** has been developed, which is now used in SIS18 operation. Closed-loop control systems stabilize the amplitude and the phase of the rf gap voltages. Due to component imperfections the transmission and the detection of the actual values lead to systematic errors without countermeasures. These errors prohibit the operation of the rf systems over the whole amplitude and frequency range within the required accuracy. To compensate the inevitable errors, the target values provided by the central control system are modified by so-called calibration electronics*** modules. The calibration curves can be measured without the beam, but the desired beam behaviour has to be verified by experiments. For this purpose, a debunching scenario was selected as a SIS18 beam experiment that proved to be very sensitive to inaccuracies. In this contribution the results of this experiment are presented, showing for the first time at GSI by beam observation that the accuracy requirements are met based on predefined calibration curves.
* “FAIR - Baseline Technical Report,” Volume 2, Accelerator and Scientific Infrastructure, (2006).
** Klingbeil et al.: Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 102802, 2011.
*** S. Schaefer et al., “Use of FPGA-based Configurable Electronics to Calibrate Cavities,” THPEA003, these proceedings.

THPEA019

A Method of Implementing HIRFL-CSR Chopper Controls

controls, heavy-ion, ion, storage-ring

3185

K. Gu, S. An, X.J. Liu, W. Zhang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

A method of implementing controls of chopper for HIRFL-CSR (Heavy Ion Research Facility of Lanzhou and Cooler Storage Rings) is introduced. This method is based on an ARM and DSP co-operation system. The control algorithm of this method is based on a data structure which is defined and implemented in the DSP module. Output data is created by the control algorithm and the actually pulse output is triggered by a timer which is achieved through a logic circuit actualized in a FPGA chip. The results show that the method is flexible and the control system matches the chopper regulating requirements.

THPEA027

Radiation Calculations for Advanced Proton Therapy Facility

shielding, proton, radiation, simulation

3201

J.Q. Xu, J.J. Lu, G. Wang, X. Xia
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

The shielding calculations for Advanced Proton Therapy Facility (APTRON), which is under design in Shanghai, were carried out. The thickness of radiation shielding walls for the accelerator and treatment rooms of APTRON were determined by Monte Carlo simulation and empirical formula. Beam loss scenarios and workloads of different energy at LINAC, synchrotron, beam transport line and treatment are given for the calculations. The calculations were carried out for the proton energy of 150MeV, 220MeV and 250MeV, and the targets of iron and equivalent tissue material. Source terms and attenuation length were calculated with different angles by the simulation using FLUKA code. Based on the source terms and the attenuation length, the thickness of the bulk walls were determined. Local shielding and maze design were also concerned.

THPEA034

ESS Integrated Control System Integration Support and the Agile Methodology Proposal

controls, monitoring, EPICS, vacuum

3219

M. Reščič
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
L. Fernandez, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The stakeholders of the ESS Integrated Control System (ICS) reside in four main parts of the ESS machine: accelerator, target, neutron instruments and conventional facilities. In order to maintain and support the standardized hardware and software platforms for controls all of the stakeholders' integration requirements and efforts must be strictly harmonized. This called for a decision by the ICS to perform the majority of the work in a package titled 'Integration Support', ranging from FPGA code development to EPICS integration. This exposes a high number of interfacing systems and devices and planning of such activities for each system make the standard waterfall planning model highly inefficient and risky. In order to properly address the planning risks the agile methodology is proposed - from product owners and teams to scrums and sprints, everything to offer a better and more efficient integration support to controls stakeholders.

THPEA038

ESS Naming Convention

controls, linac, neutron, vacuum

3222

K. Rathsman, G. Trahern
ESS, Lund, Sweden
J. Malovrh Rebec, M. Reščič, M. Vitorovic
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia

The European Spallation Source is an intergovernmental project building a multidisciplinary research laboratory based upon thermal neutrons. The main facility will be built in Lund, Sweden. Construction is expected to start 2013 and the first neutrons will be produced in 2019. The ESS linac will deliver 5 MW of power to the target at 2.5 GeV, with a nominal current of 50 mA. The ESS Naming Convention is based on a standard, originally developed for the Super Superconducting Collider (SSC) and later adopted by other large research facilities, e.g. the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). The ESS Naming Convention was agreed upon and approved at a very early stage of the ESS project in order to establish a standard before names started to evolve. The main scope was to standardise meaningful, yet short and mnemonic signal and device names. The present paper describes the naming convention, the site wide implementation at ESS and associated web based tools.

THPEA047

Diamond Particle Detector Properties during High Fluence Material Damage Tests and their Future Applications for Machine Protection in the LHC

simulation, proton, beam-losses, radiation

3249

F. Burkart, J. Blanco, J. Borburgh, B. Dehning, M. Di Castro, E. Griesmayer, A. Lechner, J. Lendaro, F. Loprete, R. Losito, S. Montesano, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Griesmayer
CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria

Experience with LHC machine protection (MP) during the last three years of operation shows that the MP systems sufficiently protect the LHC against damage in case of failures leading to beam losses with a time constant exceeding 1ms. An unexpected fast beam loss mechanism, called UFOs, was observed, which could potentially quench superconducting magnets. For such fast losses, but also for better understanding of slower losses, an improved understanding of the loss distribution within a bunch train is required. Diamond particle detectors with bunch-by-bunch resolution and high dynamic range have been developed and successfully tested in the LHC and in experiments to quantify the damage limits of LHC components. This paper will focus on experience gained in use of diamond detectors. The properties of these detectors were measured during high-fluence material damage tests in CERN's HiRadMat facility. The results will be discussed and compared to the cross-calibration with FLUKA simulations. Future applications of these detectors in the LHC to understand beam losses and to improve the protection against fast particle losses will be discussed.

THPEA063

NSLS II Injector Integrated Testing

controls, booster, linac, diagnostics

3285

G.M. Wang, B. Bacha, A. Blednykh, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, L.R. Dalesio, M.A. Davidsaver, J.H. De Long, R.P. Fliller, W. Guo, K. Ha, H.-C. Hseuh, Y. Hu, W. Louie, M.A. Maggipinto, D. Padrazo, T.V. Shaftan, G. Shen, O. Singh, Y. Tian, K. Vetter, F.J. Willeke, H. Xu, L. Yang, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
P.B. Cheblakov, A.A. Derbenev, A.I. Erokhin, S.M. Gurov, R.A. Kadyrov, S.E. Karnaev, E.A. Simonov, S.V. Sinyatkin, V. Smalyuk
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The NSLS-II is a state of the art 3 GeV synchrotron light source under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Since 2012, the injector system gradually moves to the commissioning stage. It occurs after group people efforts on optics design, equipment specifications, construction and tests, assembly, installation and alignment. It is very important and exciting. To make the commissioning smooth and efficient, an important effort was put on the sub-system integration test to make sure the device function along with utility, timing system and control system, to calibrate diagnostics system and to debug high level application with simulated beam signals and required hardware. In this paper, we report our integration test experience and related control system software development.

THPFI005

Simulations for Mechanical Design of Nozzle for Extrude of Windowless Solid Hydrogen Cryogenic Target

simulation, extraction, cryogenics

3297

H. Gassot, C. Commeaux
IPN, Orsay, France

The hydrogen (H2 and D2) target is the determining element of unstable nucleus spectroscopy. This target is proposed for heavy ions beam of several MeV/nucleon in SPIRAL and SPIRAL 2 projects. Without window, the carbone contamination of the hydrogen target could be avoided. Within the project of CHyMENE (Cible d’Hydrogène Mince pour l’Etude des Noyaux Exotiques), the development of hydrogen target is supported by ANR (Agence National de la Recherche) which federates differents French research institutes such as CNRS and CEA. The IPN Orsay is involved on the conception and simulations of a nozzle which can deliver a solid ribbon of 50 micron thickness; it is a very challenging program since the knowledge about hydrogen solid at 12 K is rare, especially in terms of experimental characterizations. The important work consists at first to propose models of simulations in order to study mechanical behaviours of solid hydrogen at cryogenic temperature under pressure and optimize the geometry parameters as well as rheology properties of nozzle. The mechanical non linear modelling including contact behaviours are presented. The first simulations results are summarized.

THPFI015

In-situ Degassing of the Ferrite Cores in the Extraction Kicker Magnets of the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS

vacuum, kicker, shielding, quadrupole

3324

J. Kamiya, Y. Hikichi, M. Kinsho, M. Nishikawa, N. Ogiwara, K. Suganuma, T. Yanagibashi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Kicker magnets extract the accelerated beam to the beam transport lines in the RCS of the J-PARC. The kicker magnets mainly consist of Ni-Zn ferrite cores and Al alloy plates, and are installed in a vacuum to prevent discharge because a high voltage is applied for a short period. It is important to reduce the outgassing of water vapor from the ferrite cores. Although the kicker magnets have been working well, recently the vacuum quality became a little poor. Thus, we developed the in-situ degassing method for the ferrite cores. This is achieved by directing the heat from the heat source to the kicker magnet and not to the chamber wall. With the test stand we succeeded to flow almost all the heat toward the kicker magnet and to bake out the ferrite cores about 150°C, maintaining the temperature of the chamber wall less than 50°C. As the previous work with TDS measurements revealed that the absorbed water molecules can be easily removed by the bake-out at 100-150°C in a vacuum, the outgassing from the ferrite cores was successfully reduced. The details of the in-situ degassing method will be reported, including the practical method to reduce the outgassing of the working kickers.

THPFI019

Main Magnet Installation for CYCIAE-100

cyclotron, tandem-accelerator, vacuum, simulation

3336

Y.L. Lu, W. Jing, Z.H. Wang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The CYCIAE-100 proton cyclotron being constructed in CIAE is designed to extract the proton beam of 100MeV and 200uA. The main magnet is the importantest part of the cyclotron. The diameter of the CYCIAE-100 main magnet is 6160mm. Its height is 3860mm. Its total weight is about 416 tons, and the largest part is about 170 tons. The beamline of CYCIAE-100 will be connected to the HI-13 tandem accelerator at CIAE. So, the CYCIAE-100 main magnet should be installed accurately. The vertical tolerance of the CYCIAE-100 main magnet is 0.20mm, and the horizontal tolerance is 0.50mm. The CYCIAE-100 main magnet is located in an underground building which level is -4m. There is a horizontal hole on the west wall of the accelerator building. All parts of the main magnet had been transported through this horizontal hole. The CYCIAE-100 main magnet had been installed in November 2012 at CIAE. In fact the error of installation is: the vertical 0.10mm, the horizontal 0.20mm. The installation process will be shown in this paper.

THPFI020

Radiation Shielding Design for Medical Cyclotrons

shielding, cyclotron, proton, radiation

3339

F. Wang, T. Cui, X.L. Jia, Z.G. Li, T.J. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

With the increasing applications of cyclotrons in health care, a number of cyclotrons ranging from several MeVs to hundreds MeVs have used for radio diagnostic and radiation therapy. A 14 MeV PET cyclotron, CYCIAE-14, has been installed in a shielding building for tests at CIAE that can be used for FDG production and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In the mean time, the development of a 235MeV cyclotron, CYCIAE-235, which can be used for proton therapy, is in progress at the same laboratory. In terms of the cyclotron application in factories and hospitals, an appropriate radiation shielding design is of critical importance. In the case of CYCIAE-14 and CYCIAE-235, the neutron source of different cyclotrons has been estimated to define the thickness of the total shielding, and the concrete is selected as the main shielding material. For CYCIAE-14 specifically, local shielding has been implemented. This paper will give an introduction to the radiation shielding design for CYCIAE-14 and CYCIAE-235 respectively. The typical layout for the application of the two machines is presented in this paper which can be applied in factories and hospitals as well.

THPFI026

DESIGN OF CSNS R DUMP WINDOW

vacuum, neutron, extraction, proton

3354

L. Liu, L. Kang, X.J. Nie, H. Qu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator systems will provide a 1.6 Gev proton beam to a target for neutron production. The extraction dump is used to incept the waste beam in the Ring-Target transport line. At the end of the beam pipe, we adopt a thin window to ensure the accelerator vacuum. When beam gets across the window, temperature of the window will be elevator because of the energy deposit. So, the study on structure and thermal stress analysis is necessary. This article expatiates the way on calculating the energy deposit and thermal stress analyses.

THPFI027

STUDY ON STRUCTURE AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CSNS R BEAM DUMP

shielding, controls, neutron, proton

3356

L. Liu, L. Kang, X.J. Nie, H. Qu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator systems will provide a 1.6 Gev proton beam to a target for neutron production. Beam dump system is an important part of CSNS, and it is used to incept the waste beam. The beam dump system is composed with vacuum part and shielding part. For the design of shielding part, the material is steel at the centre and concrete outside, we must control the temperature of steel and concrete not too high, and it will be a serious problem that the concrete crazes because of the high temperature. So the thermal analyses must be done to ensure safety. Taking CSNS R dump for example, we use software to make model and analyze the thermal, then optimizing the result. According to the result, we control the work time and dimension of the beam to control the temperature of the iron and concrete. This article expatiate the study on the structure design and thermal analyses.

THPFI029

The Structure Design and Analysis of Proton Beam Window for CSNS

radiation, proton, scattering, neutron

3361

H.J. Wang, L. Kang, R.H. Liu, H. Qu, D.H. Zhu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). In this paper, a new designed PBW structure called single-double layer structure is discussed. The new structure will be used in CSNS, and it is designed based on the beam characteristic of CSNS, which power is 100 kW. The structure design and thermal-analysis are presented, and the convective coefficient of cooling water is calculated. Besides, the radiation damage is discussed to assure there is no danger of radiation lifetime of PBW.

THPFI032

The Design and Analysis of Proton Beam Window for CSNSIII

scattering, proton, radiation, neutron

3367

H.J. Wang, L. Kang, R.H. Liu, H. Qu, D.H. Zhu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The proton beam window (PBW) is one of the key devices of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). When the beam power of CSNS upgrades from 100kw to 500kw (CSNSIII), the present single-double layer structure of PBW cannot meet the demands. The PBW will be changed to other structure. This paper discusses sandwiched structure and multiple pipe structure, and the later one is chosen as the PBW of CSNSIII. An appropriate convective coefficient of cooling water is chosen, based on which the detailed thermal-stress analysis is presented. Besides, the lifetime is estimated. All these analyses show the designed PBW can work well in CSNSIII.

THPFI035

Design of A 4-cavities Collinear Load Coated with FeSiAl Alloy for 14 MeV LINAC

cavity, simulation, linac, instrumentation

3370

F. Zhang, L.G. Shen
USTC/PMPI, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
Y.J. Pei
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Collinear load is a substitute for waveguide load to miniaturize linear accelerator and make the beam quality better. Coating with a kind of high efficient microwave-absorbing material FeSiAl alloy, a collinear load section composed of 4 cavities (at 2 /3 mode) with different coating dimensions is designed to absorb 4kW remnant power. Cavity dimensions are adjusted to compensate the frequency shift from 2856 MHz respectively. Simulation shows the loss material FeSiAl only need to be coated on the inner surface of the ring. This makes the design and construction of the cooling system for the load segment easier. Coming with a specific water cooling system can makes the working frequency of the accelerator and the collinear load more close to the supposed. Eventually, based on optimized uniform power absorption principle concluded from the simulation of temperature field, a four-cavity collinear load is designed with one-way attenuation of 76.1 dB, while the largest shift from operation frequency is 35 kHz.

THPFI040

DEVELOPMENT OF A TARGET SYSTEM FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAM PRODUCTION WITH HIGH-POWER HEAVY-ION BEAMS*

electron, radiation, ion, vacuum

3373

J.-W. Kim, S. Hong, J.H. Kim, M. Kim, J. Song
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

To produce rare isotope beams, in-flight fragmentation method utilizing a thin target and heavy-ion primary beam can be used. The existing facilities provide the maximum primary beam power of a few kW, while the next generation facility is planned to use hundreds of kW of 238U beam. We are designing a rare-isotope beam facility, which can provide U beam with the maximal power of 400 kW at the energy of 200 MeV/u. The high-power target studied is made of multi-slice rotating graphite to enhance radiation cooling. The total target thickness is roughly 2 mm with more than 10 slices. The resultant power density inside the target reaches above 50 MV/cm³. Numerical simulation for thermo-mechanical analysis has been performed using PHITS and ANSYS for single and multi-slice targets. Also, empirical test was made using 70-keV electron beam for a single-slice rotation target with the thickness of 0.2 mm. The results of simulation and e-beam tests will be presented.
* Work supported by Rare Isotope Science Program (RISP) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) (2011-0032011)

THPFI053

A Feasibility Experiment of a W-powder Target in the HiRadMat Facility of CERN

proton, laser, instrumentation, factory

3409

N. Charitonidis, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O. Caretta, T.R. Davenne, C.J. Densham, M.D. Fitton, P. Loveridge
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
L. Rivkin
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Granular solid targets made of fluidized tungsten powder or static pebble bed of tungsten spheres, have been long proposed and are being studied as an alternative configurations towards high-power (>1MW of beam power) target systems, suitable for a future Super Beam or Neutrino Factory. Serving the lack of experimental data on this field, a feasibility experiment was performed in HiRadMat facility of CERN/SPS that tried in a pulse-by-pulse basis to address the effect of the impact of the SPS beam (440GeV/c) on a static tungsten powder target. Online instrumentation such as high-speed photography and Laser - Doppler Vibrometry was employed. Preliminary results show a powder disruption speed of less than 0.5 m/s while the disruption height appears to be scaling proportionally with the beam intensity. Other analysis results will be discussed.

THPFI055

First Year of Operations in the HiRadMat Irradiation Facility at CERN

proton, radiation, laser, instrumentation

3415

A. Fabich, N. Charitonidis, N. Conan, K. Cornelis, D. DePaoli, I. Efthymiopoulos, S. Evrard, H. Gaillard, J.L. Grenard, M. Lazzaroni, A. Pardons, Y.D.R. Seraphin, C. Theis, K. Weiss
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
N. Charitonidis
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a new facility at CERN constructed in 2011, designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies can be tested. The facility uses a 440 GeV proton beam extracted from the CERN SPS with a pulse length of 7.2 μs, to maximum pulse energy of 3.4MJ. For 2012, the first year of operations of the facility, nine experiments were scheduled and completed data-taking successfully. The experience gained in operating this unique facility, along with highlights of the experiments and the instrumentation developed for online measurements are reported.

THPFI056

Design Study for a Future LAGUNA-LBNO Long-baseline Neutrino Facility at CERN

secondary-beams, focusing, site, hadron

3418

I. Efthymiopoulos, J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, A. Alekou, F. Antoniou, M. Benedikt, M. Calviani, A. Ferrari, R. Garoby, F. Gerigk, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, A. Kosmicki, C. Lazaridis, J.A. Osborne, Y. Papaphilippou, A.S. Parfenova, E.N. Shaposhnikova, R. Steerenberg, P. Velten, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A design study for a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment (LBNO) with a new conventional neutrino beamline facility (CN2PY) at CERN was initiated in September 2011, supported by EU/FP7 funds. The beam will be aimed at a next generation deep-underground neutrino observatory located at the Pyhasalmi (Finland) mine at a distance of 2300 km. In an initial phase the CN2PY facility will use a 400 GeV beam extracted from SPS up to a maximum power of 750 kW, and in a second phase a 2 MW beam of about 50 GeV produced by a new High-Power Proton Synchrotron accelerator using the LP-SPL as injector also under design. The paper will focus on the design challenges of this MW-class facility and on the optimization studies of the secondary beam elements (target and horns) to produce a neutrino beam spectrum that matches best the experimental requirements for neutrino flavor oscillations and CP-violation tests. The challenges and bottlenecks in the existing CERN accelerator complex to produce the high-intensity beams foreseen for this facility at the initial phase are discussed.

THPFI060

Development, Validation and Application of a Novel Method for Estimating the Thermal Conductance of Critical Interfaces in the Jaws of the LHC Collimation System

radiation, collimation, pick-up, luminosity

3430

I. Leitão
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The motivation for this project arises from the difficulty in quantifying the manufacturing quality of critical interfaces in the water cooled jaws of the TCTP and TCSP (Target Collimator Tertiary Pickup and Target Collimator Secondary Pickup) collimators. These interfaces play a decisive role in the transfer of heat deposited by the beam towards the cooling system avoiding excessive deformation of the collimator. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a non-destructive method that provides an estimation of the thermal conductance during the acceptance test of the TCTP and TCSP jaws. The method is based on experimental measurements of temperature evolution and numerical simulations. By matching experimental and numerical results it is possible to estimate the thermal conductance in several sections of the jaw. A simplified experimental installation was built to validate the method, then a fully automatic Test-Bench was developed and built for the future acceptance of the TCTP/TCSP jaws which will be manufactured and installed in the LHC. This novel method has shown its validity and has become a decisive tool for the development of the new generation of LHC collimators.

THPFI061

Design Process of the Interlock Systems for the Compact Linear Collider

collider, controls, linear-collider, hadron

3433

P. Nouvel, M. Jonker, B. Puccio
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H. Tap
INPT, Toulouse, France

Interlock systems are a critical part for the machine protection of linear colliders. Their goal is to inhibit the next pulse either on failure of critical equipment and/or on low beam quality evaluation. This paper presents the on-going process to validate design choices for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) interlock systems. The design process starts by establishing requirements. In mission-critical system case, they are mainly focused on the dependability. Moreover, the new concept of fast beam quality analysis has been introduced into the CLIC interlock system and will be discussed in this paper. To support the design process, experimentation on this concept has been launched. In addition, a hardware demonstration of the interlock systems has been set-up. It allows validating the design in concordance with the requirements.

THPFI065

Thermo-mechanical Investigations of the SINQ "Cannelloni" Target

simulation, factory, neutron, scattering

3445

R. Sobbia, S. Dementjevs, S. Joray, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Numerical results of three-dimensional ANSYS thermo-mechanical simulations of single components of the SINQ target system are presented. Thermal stresses are generated by energy deposition in so-called ‘‘cannelloni'' consisting of a Zircaloy-2 rod filled with Lead to 90% of its inner volume. The molten region of the inner Lead filling is calculated by thermal analysis using the energy deposition profile imported from MCNPX calculations. Induced mechanical stresses are studied for a set of predefined parameters, the heat transfer coefficient and the bulk temperature of the heavy water cooling system. Critical stress regions are investigated to provide possible failure scenarios and overall system performance.

THPFI071

Baking Tests and Results of A1050 Diamond Edge Gasket

vacuum, controls, power-supply, ion

3463

Y.T. Huang, C.-C. Chang, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
J.-R. Chen
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A1050 is a common and soft material, widely used in everyday life. It is machinable and cheap, which makes it a candidate for a gasket material. In the case of sealing between disparate materials, treating the thermal expansion when the gasket suffers from baking is difficult. The clearance and the eccentricity between the gasket and the flange are also important; most leaks occur about 80 ~ 110 oC. The experimental apparatus comprised a vacuum chamber with six diamond-edge gaskets assembled, a turbo-molecular pump and an extractor gauge. The pre-baking torque for this gasket is 70 – 80 kg cm; the rates of both heating and cooling are less than 40 oC per hour. The gaskets are baked repeatedly under the same conditions excluding the target temperature set for baking. A1050 diamond gaskets work well after baking at 120 ~ 140 oC; at temperature 170 ~ 180 oC, leaks sometimes appear on cooling. This paper presents the baking results of A1050 diamond-edge gasket and explains the cause of leaking after baking above 150 oC.

THPFI080

NSC KIPT Neutron Source on the Base of Subcritical Assembly Driven with Electron Linear Accelerator

neutron, electron, klystron, radiation

3481

A.Y. Zelinsky, O. Bezditko, P.O. Demchenko, I.M. Karnaukhov, V. Oleinik, F.A. Peev, I. Ushakov, O.M. Vodin
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
Y. Gohar
ANL, Argonne, USA

National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” (NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine) together with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL, USA) develops the conceptual project of a neutron source based on the sub-critical assembly driven by electron linear accelerator. The main functions of the subcritical assembly are support of the nuclear industry and medical researches. Reactor physics and material researchs will be carried out at the facility. For subcritical assembly design proven techniques and practices are used to enhance its utilization. The goal of the development is to create in Ukraine the experimental basis for neutron research based on safe intensive sources of neutrons. The main facility components are an electron linear accelerator, a system for electron beam transportation from linear accelerator to the target, neutron production target, subcritical assembly, biological shield, neutron channels and auxiliary supporting systems.

THPFI082

Targetry Challenges at Megawatt Proton Accelerator Facilities

proton, radiation, simulation, kaon

3484

P. Hurh, K. Ammigan, B.D. Hartsell, R.S. Tschirhart
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
High intensity, multi-megawatt proton accelerator facilities, such as the proposed Project X at Fermilab, offer the opportunity to explore science in multiple experiments and programs simultaneously. The reliable operation of the associated target facilities is as critical to the success of the experimental program as the high intensity proton accelerator itself. The targetry requirements for the Project X experimental program range from 1 GeV, 1 MW, CW proton beam on a high-Z target (possibly liquid metal) to 120 GeV, 2.3 MW, pulsed proton beam on a low-Z target and include stringent, experiment-specific operating environments such as high magnetic fields from super-conducting magnets and/or moderator arrays for optimal neutronic production. Meeting the challenges presented by such wide-ranging and intertwined requirements calls for coordinated and cross-cutting R&D activities. Areas of interest applicable to many of the experimental facilities includes radiation damage, thermal shock, radiological protection, and target instrumentation. Descriptions of these challenges and Fermilab R&D activities to overcome these difficult challenges are presented.

THPFI083

Radiation Damage Study of Graphite and Carbon-carbon Composite Target Materials

proton, radiation, linac, isotope-production

3487

P. Hurh, K. Ammigan, N.V. Mokhov
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
N. Simos
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Use of graphite and carbon-carbon composite materials as high intensity proton targets for neutrino production is currently thought to be limited by thermal and structural material properties degraded by exposure to high energy proton beam. Identification of these limits for various irradiation and thermal environments is critical to high intensity targets for future facilities and experiments. To this end, several types of amorphous graphite and one type of carbon-carbon (3D weave) composite were exposed to 180 MeV proton beam at the BNL BLIP facility. Irradiated samples were then thermally, ultra-sonic, and structurally tested and compared to un-irradiated samples. Results show significant changes in material properties even at very low damage levels (<0.09 DPA) and that significant interstitial annealing of these properties occurs at annealing temperatures only slightly above irradiation temperature. This points the way to optimizing target operating temperature to increase target lifetime. A description of the plan to explore radiation damage in target materials through the new RaDIATE collaboration (Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments) is also presented.

THPFI092

Design of the Mercury Handling System for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory Target

shielding, collider, factory, proton

3505

K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

The baseline target concept for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory is a free mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir for the mercury and a dump for the unexpended proton beam. Modifications to this baseline are discussed in which the field at the target is reduced from 20 to 15 T, and in which the magnetic field drops from its peak value down to 1.5 T over 7 rather than 15 m.

THPME003

Standard Sextupole Magnets for NSLS-II Synchrotron

sextupole, dipole, synchrotron, booster

3517

C.W.O. Ostenfeld, N. Hauge, P. Ladefoged
Danfysik A/S, Taastrup, Denmark

Danfysik received the order to design, manufacture and test 169 Standard Sextupole Magnets for the NSLS-2 synchrotron. Extraordinary tight tolerances were specified for the mechanical and magnetic properties. We present a re-optimized magnetic pole profile to make a more mechanically robust design, suitable for large-scale manufacture. Due to a well-controlled wire erosion process during the manufacturing stage, the mechanical tolerances were kept on the 10 micron level, even after assembly/disassembly cycles. A major challenge of the project was to verify the magnetic performance of the magnets. This was done using our in-house harmonic measurement bench. We present magnetic measurements of the magnet series, measured over more than 24 months, which show high stability, both in terms of magnetic roll angle, error field terms, and integrated strength.

THPME024

Magnet Designs of the In-flight Fragment Separator for the RISP

quadrupole, dipole, radiation, sextupole

3555

D.G. Kim, J.Y. Kim, J.-W. Kim, M. Kim, M. Kim, C.C. Yun, A. Zaghloul
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Magnets to be used for the in-flight fragment separator of the rare isotope science project (RISP) have been designed. The dipole magnets have a gap width of 150 mm and a magnetic rigidity of 10 Tm. The superferric quadrupole magnets have a pole tip radius of 170 mm and a maximum field gradient of 14 T/m. In addition, superconducting multiple coils will be wound around the cold bore tube of the quadrupole magnet to make high-order magnetic field corrections. In the high radiation region near the production target, warm iron dipole and quadrupole magnets employing high temperature superconductor (HTS) coils will be used in order to reduce the cold mass and to remove large radiation heat loads effectively at the temperature of 30-50 K. The design of dipole and quadrupole magnets has been optimized considering technical constraints and the manufacturing of the prototype of superferric quadrupole magnets is in progress. Simulation results using OPERA-3D and some results of prototyping will be presented.

THPME048

Assembly and Test of a Modified Spectrometer Solenoid for MICE

solenoid, radiation, controls, coupling

3621

S.P. Virostek, D. Li, P. Pan, S. Prestemon
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
R. Preece
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Funding: This work is supported by the Office of Science, US-DOE under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The MICE superconducting spectrometer solenoids have been modified and rebuilt as a result of the testing done in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The number of two-stage cryocoolers was increased from three in 2009 to five in the modified magnet. The new shield for the spectrometer solenoid is fabricated primarily from 1100-O aluminum instead of 6061-T6 aluminum used in the former versions of the magnet. The thermal connection between the shield and the first-stage of the cold heads has been improved to reduce the temperature drop between the shield and the coolers. As a result of these changes, the first-stage temperatures for the coolers are below 45K, which resulted in an increase in the refrigeration generated by the cooler second stages. The quench protection system has been altered in order to provide additional protection to the magnet in the event of a lead failure between the magnet power supply and the magnet coils. The quality of the shield and cold mass MLI wrap has also been improved. Details of the modifications and test results demonstrating improved magnet performance are presented in this paper.

THPWA002

Optimization of the Photoneutron Flux Emitted by an Electron Accelerator for Neutron Interrogation Applications using MCNPX and TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo Codes

electron, neutron, photon, simulation

3630

A. Sari, F. Carrel
CEA/DRT/LIST, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
C. Jouanne, A. Lyoussi, O. Petit
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Various applications require neutron interrogation to detect special nuclear material. In a previous study*, we demonstrated the feasibility of this technique using the photoneutron flux emitted by a 16 MeV linear electron accelerator. This approach enables to reach average emission intensity on the order of one decade beyond the one produced by deuterium-tritium neutron generators traditionally used for such applications. Higher average emission intensities of the photoneutron flux would enable to expand boundaries of neutron interrogation. This new study aims at optimizing the photoneutron flux emitted by an electron accelerator. In order to ensure accuracy and reliability of our results, two Monte Carlo particle transport codes were used in parallel in this study: MCNPX developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory, and TRIPOLI-4 developed by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. Potential discrepancies between results obtained with the two codes were investigated. Furthermore, careful attention was given to minimize the high-energy photon beam contained in the photoneutron flux in order to reduce spurious photofission reactions during measurements.
*A. Sari et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 59, no.3, pp. 605-611, 2012.

THPWA010

Application of X-band 30 MeV Linac Neutron Source to Nuclear Material Analysis for Fukushima Nuclear Plant Accident

neutron, linac, electron, scattering

3648

M. Uesaka, K. Dobashi, T. Fujiwara
The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
H. Harada
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
K. Tagi
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
M. Yamamoto
Accuthera Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan

We plan to use our X-band (11.424GHz) electron linac as a neutron source for the nuclear analysis for the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. Quantitative material analysis and forensics for nuclear security will start several years later after the safe settlement of the accident is established. For the purpose, we should now accumulate more precise nuclear data of U, Pu, TRU and MA especially in epithermal (0.1-10 eV) neutrons. Therefore, we have decided to move the linac into the core of the experimental nuclear reactor “Yayoi” which is now under the decommission procedure. First we plan to perform the TOF (Time Of Flight) transmission measurement of the total cross sections of the nuclei for 0.1-10 eV neutrons. Electron energy, macro-pulse length, power and neutron yield are ~30 MeV, 100 ns – 1 micros, <0.5 kW and <10¹² n/s, respectively. Optimization of the design of a neutron target (Ta, W, U), TOF line and neutron detector (Ce:LiCAF) of high sensitivity and fast response is underway. Installation, commissioning and measurement starts in 2014. Detailed design and way how to contribute to the analysis of the Fukushima nuclear plant accident will be presented.

THPWA016

Design and Optimization of the Target in Electron Linear Accelerator

electron, simulation, radiation, photon

3663

Q. Gao, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, H. Zha
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The target in electron linear accelerator plays an important role in the production of photon. Different materials and thickness of target have influence on dose rate. For 6MeV electron beam, this study gives the thickness of target for several materials in which the dose rate can be higher and drain electron can be lower. Then a X-ray target had been designed for 6MeV electron linac by FLUKA simulations. It can deliver 1000 cGy/min at 1 meter in front of the target if providing 6 MeV electron beam with 100uA current, which can achieve high-dose rate radiotherapy.

THPWA018

High Power Test of a C-band 6 MeV Standing-wave Linear Accelerator

coupling, radiation, brightness, gun

3666

J.H. Shao, H.B. Chen, Y.-C. Du, Q.X. Jin, J. Shi, H. Zha
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A C-band 6MeV standing-wave bi-periodic on-axis coupled linear accelerator has been developed at the accelerator laboratory of Tsinghua University [1,2]. In the recent high power RF test, the capture ratio, the energy spectrum, the spot size and the dose rate of this accelerator have been measured. With a 2.07-MW input power, the peak current is 130mA and the output spot root-mean-square diameter is about 0.8mm. The output kinetic energy is 6.0MeV with a spectrum FWHM of 7.5%. In this paper, the setup and detailed results of the high power RF test are presented.

THPWA027

Evaluation of Zero-failure Data in Transient Ionizing Radiation Based on Ordering Method in the Sample Space

radiation, laser, simulation, electron

3681

X.Y. Bai, X.M. Jin, R.B. Li, Y. Liu, Q. Ma, Ch. Qi
NINT, Xi'an, People's Republic of China

The conventional method for the evaluation of data in lot acceptance testing (LAT) of transient ionizing radiation is non-parametric method. But the evaluation results are very conservative. After the discovery of data in transient ionizing radiation belonging to one universal data model “case 1 interval censored data”, ordering method in the sample space was introduced and applied to evaluate zero-failure data and was compared with non-parametric method both theoretically and via a practical LAT on QG-Ⅰ. Through the comparisons, it is concluded that ordering method can expand the scope of dose rate corresponding to the same lower confidence limit. It improves data utilization and this improvement could have practical significance in LAT. It can reduce requirements for the radiation source and can also reduce the number of trials.

THPWA028

Analysis of Uncertainty of Dose Rate Measurement on the Accelerator “QiangGuang-I”

radiation, photon, factory, electron

3684

R.B. Li, X.Y. Bai, X.M. Jin, Q. Ma, C. Qi, G.Z. Wang
NINT, Xi'an, People's Republic of China

“QiangGuang-I”, working on short pulse state, can be used to research the transient radiation effects on electronic devices. The measurement of dose rate is significant for assessing devices’ radiation-resistant ability. This paper comprehensively analyzes the originations of uncertainty on dose rate’s measurement, such as thermoluminescent dosemeter’s linearity degree and response to X-rays energy spectrum, testing instruments’ resolution, waveforms’ transmission distortion , and positional error; figures out the extended uncertainty. The result shows that the expanded uncertainty of dose rate’s measurement is less than 20%, which is satisfactory for researching on devices’ transient radiation effects, and proves that the method used to measure dose rate is reasonable.

THPWA031

Raising the Generating Current in the VITA Neutron Source for BNCT

proton, ion, neutron, vacuum

3693

A.S. Kuznetsov, V.I. Aleynik, A.G. Bashkirtsev, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Schudlo, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev, M.A. Tiunov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract № 14.518.11.7039).
The Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator (VITA) was developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics to produce epithermal neutrons for boron neutron capture therapy in the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction. The parameters of the generated radiation allow us to carry out in vitro and in vivo investigations of BNCT. In present moment the modernization of the facility elements is carrying out to meet the parameters required for clinical usage. As the first step of the modernization the stripping target and electrode apertures were optimized. The experiments on fine beam injection were carried out as well as experiments on high current transportation. The output current in the range 1.5-2.5 mA with proton beam energy of 1 – 2 MeV was obtaned in the routine regimes of generation. In presented work the results of the experiments and possible way to rise the proton current higher then 3 mA level with energy 2 MeV are discussed.
*S. Taskaev, et al. Vacuum-insulation Tandem Accelerator for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Proc. 2nd International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC-2011),2011, San Sebastian, Spain, p.3615-3617.

THPWA033

Material Discrimination Technology for Cargo Inspection with Pulse-to-pulse Linear Electron Accelerator

radiation, electron, controls, collimation

3699

S. Ogorodnikov, R. Apevalov, M. Arlychev, I. Polevchenko, A. Rodionov, I.E. Shevelev
Scantronic Systems, St. Petersburg, Russia

In the present article a complex of technological solutions based on 6/3.5 MeV pulse-to-pulse linear accelerator, detectors made of CWO scintillators coupled with PIN photodiodes and image processing algorithms proposed. Energies, dose rate and other parameters of accelerator were optimized to reach high performance of the x-ray system and to carry out robust and reliable material discrimination in the mass thickness range up to 120 g/cm² at least. Evaluation of effective atomic number of materials of main three groups (organics, mineral/light metals, metals) was fulfilled with preciseness ±1 for the optimal mass thickness range at the scanning speed 60 cm/s. Instrument for evaluation of physical mass of the separate objects on the image is proposed and realized.

THPWA034

Overview of CERN Technology Transfer Strategy and Accelerator-related Activities

vacuum, linac, proton, electron

3702

E. Chesta, A. Bertarelli, F. Caspers, P. Chiggiato, S. Sgobba, T. Stora, M. Taborelli, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is actively engaged in identifying technologies developed for its accelerator complex that could be profitably used by partner research organizations or commercial companies in applications with potentially high socio-economic impact beyond pure fundamental physics research. In the first part of the paper, an overview of CERN current strategy in the field of Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Management will be presented, with details on the most effective models, implementation tools and processes developed to achieve satisfactory dissemination and valorisation of the knowledge generated within the Organization. In the second part, CERN currently available technology portfolio will be described with focus on cases originated from the Accelerator and Technology Sector. A selection of promising on-going projects embracing a variety of technology fields and application areas will be detailed to showcase technical challenges and possible benefits of initiatives driven by (but not limited to) the needs of CERN scientific programme.

THPWA037

PIP: A Low Energy Recycling Non-scaling FFAG for Security and Medicine

neutron, proton, cyclotron, isotope-production

3711

R.J. Barlow, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
C. Johnstone
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
S.L. Sheehy
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

PIP, the Producer of Interacting Protons, is a low energy (6-10 MeV) proton nsFFAG design that uses a simple 4-cell lattice. Low energy reactions involving the creation of specific nuclear states can be used for neutron production and for the manufacture of various medical isotopes. Unfortunately a beam rapidly loses energy in a target and falls below the resonant energy. A recycling ring with a thin internal target enables the particles that did not interact to be re-accelerated and used for subsequent cycles. The increase in emittance due to scattering in the target is partially countered by the re-acceleration, and accommodated by the large acceptance of the nsFFAG. The ring is essentially isochronous, the fields provide strong focussing so that losses are small, the components are simple, and it could be built at low cost with existing technology.

THPWA038

GEANT4 Studies of Magnets Activation in the HEBT Line for the European Spallation Source

proton, neutron, quadrupole, octupole

3714

C. Bungau, R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
P. Carlsson, H. Danared, F. Mezei
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) line for the European Spallation Source is designed to transport the beam from the underground linac to the target at the surface level while keeping the beam losses small and providing the requested beam footprint and profile on the target. This paper presents activation studies of the magnets in the HEBT line due to backscattered neutrons from the target and beam interactions inside the collimators producing unstable isotopes.

THPWA039

GEANT4 Target Simulations for Low Energy Medical Applications

simulation, proton, neutron, cyclotron

3717

N. Ratcliffe, R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, C. Bungau, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The GEANT4 code offers an extensive set of hadronic models for various projectiles and energy ranges. These models include theoretical, parameterized and, for low energy neutrons, data driven models. Theoretical or semi-empirical models sometimes cannot reproduce experimental data at low energies(<100MeV), especially for low Z elements, and therefore recent GEANT4 developments included a new particle\_hp package which uses evaluated nuclear databases for proton interactions below 200 MeV. These recent developments have been used to study target designs for low energy proton accelerators, as replacements of research reactors, for medical applications. Presented in this paper are results of benchmarking of these new models for a range of targets, from lithium neutron production targets to molybdenum isotope production targets, with experimental data. Also included is a discussion of the most promising target designs that have currently been studied.

THPWA047

GEM*STAR - New Nuclear Technology to Produce Inexpensive Diesel Fuel from Natural Gas and Carbon

neutron, controls, linac, proton

3738

R.P. Johnson, F. Marhauser
Muons. Inc., USA
C. Bowman, R.B. Vogelaar
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

The 75,000 tons of US stored spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from conventional nuclear reactors is a resource that could provide 125 years of all US electrical power. Or it could also provide a great amount of process heat for many applications like producing green diesel fuel from natural gas and renewable carbon. An accelerator system like the SNS at ORNL can provide neutrons to convert SNF into fissile isotopes to provide high temperature heat using technology developed at the ORNL Molten Salt Reactor Experiment. In the GEM*STAR accelerator-driven subcritical reactor that we wish to build, the accelerator allows subcritical operation (no Chernobyls), the molten salt fuel allows volatiles to be continuously removed (no Fukushimas), and the SNF does not need to be enriched or reprocessed (to minimize weapons proliferation concerns). The molten salt fuel and the relaxed availability requirements of process heat applications imply that the required accelerator technology is available now. A new opportunity has arisen to use GEM*STAR to reduce the world’s inventory of weapons-grade plutonium leaving only remnants that are permanently unusable for nuclear weapons.
* Charles D. Bowman et al., “GEM*STAR: The Alternative Reactor Technology Comprising Graphite, Molten Salt, and Accelerators,” Handbook of Nuclear Engineering, Springer (2010).

THPWA050

Beam Conditioning System for Laser-driven Hadron Therapy

proton, ion, laser, acceleration

3743

K.E. Woods, S. Boucher, F.H. O'Shea
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
B.M. Hegelich
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

While the superior therapeutic efficacy of hadron therapy has been clearly demonstrated, its availability to cancer patients is limited by the cost and size of current systems. RadiaBeam Technologies, in collaboration with the UCLA Department of Radiation Oncology and the University of Texas at Austin, is proposing the utilization of innovative laser-driven ion acceleration (LDIA) technology for the development of a compact, inexpensive proton therapy system that can ultimately be adapted for the acceleration of carbon ions. At less than a third the price of the average proton therapy unit, the realization of this system would make hadron therapy a much more realistic option for hospitals and clinics worldwide. However, LDIA produces a beam with large divergence, wide energy spread with multiple ion species, and a significant background of electrons and X-rays. Thus, a major challenge for clinical implementation of LDIA is the development of a post-target beam conditioning system for collimation, focusing, energy selection, background shielding, and scanning. This paper will discuss the progress of our design of such a system and plans for future testing.

THPWA052

Proposal for a muSR Facility at BNL

proton, booster, linac, extraction

3749

W. Fischer, J.G. Alessi, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, C.J. Gardner, H. Huang, W.W. MacKay, P.H. Pile, D. Raparia, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
By implanting positive muons in a substance (either gas, liquid or solid), their magnetic moments can be used to sample the magnetic properties of the material. The precession rate can give the magnetic field strength, and the field direction is given away after the muons decay into positrons that are detected. The information obtained from muSR can be complementary to that from other methods such as NMR, ESR, and neutron scattering. A low energy muon surface source is particularly interesting for studying thin films. To date, only four user facilities exist in the world but none in the US. We explore the possibility of using the AGS complex at BNL for a muSR facility for the production of positive surface muons.

THPWO010

Charge Stripping Tests of High Current Uranium Ion Beams with Methane and Hydrogen Gas Strippers and Carbon Foils at the GSI UNILAC

stripper, ion, heavy-ion, vacuum

3779

B. Schlitt, W.A. Barth, G. Clemente, L. Groening, M. Kaiser, B. Lommel, M.T. Maier, S. Mickat, J. Steiner, H. Vormann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

At the GSI UNILAC, a nitrogen gas stripper is routinely used for stripping of heavy ion beams at 1.4 MeV/u. Different approaches to optimize the stripping efficiency as well as different options to increase the ion charge states for delivery to SIS18 are being investigated. The existing gas stripper was operated with methane and hydrogen gas for stripping of high current uranium ion beams. The results as well as the limitations of these tests will be presented and will be compared to standard nitrogen operation of the gas stripper. In addition, newest results using differently prepared carbon stripping foils for the same ion beams will be reported.

THPWO037

Status and Progress of the J-PARC 3 GeV RCS

injection, neutron, beam-transport, extraction

3848

M. Kinsho
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

The J-PARC rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) has been delivered 300kW beam to both the MLF and the MR with high reliability and small beam loss for user operation. To realize simultaneously two kinds of beam shape which are required from the MLF and the MR, two pulse dipole magnets for injection painting were installed in the beam transport line from the Linac to the RCS. It was successful to make two kinds of beam shape with injection painting bump magnets and these added pulse dipole magnets. This injection painting system is used for user operation and works well for reduction of beam losses. Not only user operation but also high power beam test was performed, and beam power of 524kW for 35 second was achieved with low beam loss in the RCS. Almost all beam loss was localized at the ring collimator and the loss rate was about 2% and this was acceptable because design value of the beam loss was 3%. This power corresponds to 1.8MW for 400MeV injection in terms of the Lasslett tune shift. In this high-intensity trial, significant progress toward design output beam power of 1 MW was demonstrated. The status and progress of the RCS in J-PARC are presented.

THPWO038

Electron Stripping of High-intensity ²³⁸U Ion Beam with Recirculating He Gas

stripper, ion, electron, acceleration

3851

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, H. Okuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, Y. Yano
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Next-generation in-flight RI beam facilities such as RIBF and FRIB pursue powerful and energetic ²³⁸U ion beams to produce thousands of new isotopes. For their efficient acceleration, a durable electron stripper in the intermediate energy region around 10-20 MeV/u is indispensable. However, there is no available stripper for the U beams with the intensity of more than 1 puA so far because of the lifetime problem of thin solid strippers caused by high energy loss. 　In the present study, a novel electron stripping system employing high-flow rate He gas circulation (200 L/min) has been developed. He gas with the thickness of 0.6 mg/cm² is confined and separated from beamline vacuum using five-stage differentially-pumped sections. To avoid huge gas consumption, a clean gas recycling is achieved with multi-stage mechanical booster pump array. The recycling rate of He gas was achieved as more than 99%. The system was successfully operated in user runs with U³⁵⁺ beams more than 1 puA injected at 10.8 MeV/u for the first time. U⁶⁴⁺ beams were stably delivered to subsequent accelerators with the stripping efficiency of 23% without any deterioration of the system.

THPWO046

The Preparation for the Commissioning of CSNS Accelerators

injection, DTL, linac, optics

3872

S. Wang, S. Fu, H.F. Ouyang, J. Peng
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is now under construction, and the beam commissioning of ion source will start from the end of 2013, and will last several years for whole accelerators. The commissioning plan for the CSNS accelerators will be presented, including the commissioning correlated parameters, beam instrumentation in used commissioning, the goal at different commissioning stages. The development of high level application software will also be presented.

THPWO051

Status of CPHS Project

neutron, proton, linac, rfq

3887

S.X. Zheng, H.B. Chen, C. Cheng, Q. Du, T. Du, X. Guan, X.Y. Jia, C. Jiang, H.T. Lu, C.-X. Tang, D. Wang, D. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li, D.-S. zhang
NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China

CPHS (Compact Pulsed Hadron Source) project was initiated in Tsinghua University at 2009. It consists of a 13 MeV proton Linac (RFQ+DTL), a neutron target station and some neutron stations. The construction of 3 MeV Linac (RFQ only) and target station will be finished at the end of 2012. And initial commissioning will be started at the early of year 2013. The progress and results of early commissioning will be presented at this paper. Then we will report the next plan also.

THPWO062

Status of the RAON Accelerator Systems

cavity, ion, linac, ISOL

3898

D. Jeon
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is made possible by the support of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea.
The RAON is the heavy ion accelerator being built in Korea to build the In-flight Fragment (IF) and Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facilities to support cutting-edge researches in various science fields. Superconducting linac with 200 MeV/u, 400 kW is the driver for the IF facility and the 70 MeV, 70 kW H⁻ cyclotron is the driver for the ISOL facility. These facilities are to provide high intensity stable beams and rare isotope beams for the users domestic and abroad. The design and prototyping efforts are under way such as superconducting cavities and magnets. Status of the RAON accelerator systems is presented.

THPWO070

ESS DTL RF MODELIZATION: FIELD TUNING AND STABILIZATION

DTL, linac, cavity, quadrupole

3918

R. De Prisco
ESS, Lund, Sweden
M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
A.R. Karlsson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden

The Radio Frequency (RF) design of Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source, ESS, has been defined in order to satisfy the accelerating field requirements of beam dynamic studies and to reduce peak field levels in the critical areas. The electro-magnetic field is stabilized with post-couplers. The cells geometries of the DTL are optimized to accommodate permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQ), to get maximum shunt impedance, to meet the Moretti criterion at the low energy part and to facilitate the mechanical construction.

THPWO072

Design Options of the ESS Linac

linac, emittance, cryomodule, proton

3921

M. Eshraqi, H. Danared, D.P. McGinnis
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to deliver the high intensity proton beam to the target station. The nominal average beam power is 5~MW with a peak beam power at target of 125~MW. During last year the ESS linac was costed, and to meet the budget a few modifications were introduced to the linac design, namely the final energy was decreased from 2.5~GeV to 2.0~GeV and the beam current was increased accordingly to compensate the lower final energy. As a result the linac is designed to meet the cost objective by taking a higher risk. This paper focuses on the new design options, beam dynamics requirements of the design and finally on the beam dynamics performance of the linac.

THPWO073

European Spallation Source Afterburner Concept

neutron, proton, kicker, linac

3924

D.P. McGinnis, M. Lindroos, R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a long pulsed source based on a high power superconducting linac. The long pulse concept is an excellent strategy of maximizing high beam power while minimizing peak power on the target. Chopping in the long pulse concept provides the necessary resolution for many neutron physics applications. However, there are some neutron physics applications in which both peak neutron flux and high resolution are desired. The peak flux of the ESS can be enhanced by placing an accumulator ring at the end of the linac. A bunch by bunch extraction scheme can be used to optimize the proton pulse time profile that maximizes peak neutron flux while minimizing instantaneous beam power on the target.

THPWO074

Technical Design of the ESS Facility

linac, DTL, rfq, proton

3927

S. Peggs
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The 5 MW European Spallation Source is entering a construction phase for the entire facility. This paper surveys the unique features, challenges and open issues that exist, from ion source to target, and from moderator to instruments. It is consistent with the ESS-wide Technical Design Report, published in April 2013.
The paper is presented on behalf of the ESS consortium, and all the contributors to the ESS TDR.

THPWO079

A Possible Scheme to Deliver 2 GeV Beams from the CERN PS Booster to the ISOLDE Facility

proton, booster, dipole, ion

3942

K. Hanke, W. Bartmann, J.R.T. Cole, R. Fernandes Luis, A. Newborough, S. Pittet, T. Stora, D. Voulot
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN PS Booster (PSB) is presently undergoing an upgrade program to increase its beam energy from 1.4 GeV to 2.0 GeV. While this energy upgrade is targeted at LHC-type beams, the option of delivering 2 GeV beams to the ISOLDE facility has also been investigated. In this paper we present a preliminary study for delivering 2 GeV beams to ISOLDE including the physics motivation and the implications on the accelerator hardware.

THPWO083

Simulation of a Beam Rotation System for the SINQ Spallation Source at PSI

proton, simulation, neutron, optics

3954

D. Reggiani, T. Reiss, M. Seidel, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

With a nominal beam power of nearly 1 MW on target, the PSI-SINQ ranks among the world's most powerful neutron spallation sources. The proton beam transport to the SINQ target is carried out exclusively by means of linear elements. As a consequence, at the SINQ target entrance the beam presents Gaussian transverse x and y distributions with tails cut short by collimators. This leads to a highly uneven temperature distribution inside the SINQ zircaloy target, giving rise to thermal and mechanical stress. In view of a future beam intensity upgrade, the possibility of homogenizing the beam distribution by means of a fast beam rotation system is currently under study. Important aspects of this method concern the resulting neutron spectrum and flux distribution. The simulations of the beam distribution achievable thanks to this technique as well as its consequences in terms of neutron production are presented in this contribution.

THPWO084

Optimization of a Bi-spectral Boxed Side-by-Side Moderator for the Target-Moderator-Reflector System of the ESS

neutron, scattering, proton, brightness

3957

T. Reiss, U. Filges, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
F. X. Gallmeier
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Providing bi-spectral neutron beams is one of the main neutronics design criteria for the target-moderator-reflector (TMR) system of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund (Sweden). As a first step, the requirements of neutronics instruments regarding the neutron spectrum are formulated, a figure of merit is defined. In order to maximize the moderator performance to obtain bi-spectral neutron extraction, a parametrized model of the TMR system is developed and used with a MCNPX-based optimization framework. This model is then used to study and optimize the moderator performance, especially in the thermal and cold parts of the spectrum. Results obtained with an optimized moderator setup are dicussed and compared with the requirements of the instruments.

THPWO085

Numerical and Experimental Study for the Characterization of the Spallation Target Performance of the Ultracold Neutron Source at the Paul Scherrer Institut

neutron, shielding, simulation, proton

3960

V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Results of numerical calculation and experimental characterization of the neutron flux profile in the vicinity of the ultracold neutron source (UCN) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) are presented. At first, the MCNPX-based model of the Monte-Carlo simulation with its detailed description of the so-called ‘Cannelloni’-type spallation target assembly and the realistic proton beam profile modeling is described. Thereafter the experimental determination of the thermal neutron flux profile using the gold foil activation, along the height of the UCN vacuum tank, starting from the proton beam plane, is presented. Both calculations and measurements were performed for the standard operation mode, with several seconds of the full proton beam on the target. Finally, a comparison of simulation and experimental results is discussed.

FRXAB201

Status of CSNS Project

quadrupole, linac, cavity, dipole

3995

S. Fu, H. Chen, Y.W. Chen, H. Dong, S.X. Fang, K.X. Huang, W. Kang, J. Li, H.C. Liu, L. Ma, H.F. Ouyang, H. Qu, H. Sun, J.Y. Tang, C.H. Wang, Q.B. Wang, S. Wang, T.G. Xu, Z.X. Xu, C. Zhang, J. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator is designed to accelerate proton beam pulses to 1.6 GeV at 25 Hz repetition rate, striking a solid metal target to produce spallation neutrons. The accelerator provides a beam power of 100 kW on the target in the first phase and then 500 kW in the second phase by increasing the average beam intensity 5 times while raising the linac output energy. The project construction has been formally launched in 2011 and it is planed to complete the project in March 2018. It is one of the high intensity proton accelerator projects in the world and it imposes a great challenge to Chinese accelerator community. This presentation will cover the status and challenges of the CSNS project.

Slides FRXAB201 [4.320 MB]

FRXCB201

Overview of the World-wide RIB Facilities

ion, linac, cyclotron, heavy-ion

4000