IPAC2013 - List of Keywords (brightness)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYCB101	Brightness and Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation and FELs	radiation, FEL, electron, undulator	16
	Z. Huang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Essential properties of radiation from storage rings and FELs include spatial- and temporal beam brightness and coherence. Starting from a fundamental representation of the electron beam as a radiating source the electromagnetic power can be represented as modes in phase-space to characterize beam quality. For storage rings, conditions for transverse coherence are possible which can lead to high-resolution imaging under a variety of polarization conditions. For FELs the radiation brightness is over 10 orders of magnitude higher with finite temporal coherence times and much of the total FEL power contained in the dominant mode. This presentation should provide an overview of the above.
	Slides MOYCB101 [9.731 MB]

MOPEA074	Lattice Studies for a Potential Soft X-ray Diffraction Limited Upgrade of the ALS	lattice, emittance, scattering, injection	258
	C. Steier, J.M. Byrd, R.W. Falcone, S.D. Kevan, D. Robin, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley Lab has seen many upgrades over the years, keeping it one of the brightest sources for soft x-rays worldwide. Recent developments in magnet technology and lattice design (multi bend achromat lattices) appear to open the door for very large further increases in brightness, particularly by reducing the horizontal emittance, even within the space constraints of the existing tunnel. Initial studies yielded candidate lattices which approach the soft x-ray diffraction limit (around 2 keV) in both planes within the ALS footprint.

MOPEA075	Completion of the Brightness Upgrade of the ALS	lattice, emittance, insertion, sextupole	261
	C. Steier, B.J. Bailey, K. Berg, A. Biocca, A.T. Black, P.W. Casey, D. Colomb, R.F. Gunion, N. Li, A. Madur, S. Marks, H. Nishimura, G.C. Pappas, K.V. Petermann, G.J. Portmann, S. Prestemon, A.W. Rawlins, D. Robin, S.L. Rossi, T. Scarvie, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W. Wan, E.C. Williams LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA C. Chen, J. Jin, Y.M. Wen, J. Wu, L. Yin, J.D. Zhang, Q.G. Zhou SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Funding: The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley Lab remains one of the brightest sources for soft x-rays worldwide. A multiyear upgrade of the ALS is underway, which includes new and replacement x-ray beamlines, a replacement of many of the original insertion devices and many upgrades to the accelerator. The accelerator upgrade that affects the ALS performance most directly is the ALS brightness upgrade, which reduced the horizontal emittance from 6.3 to 2.0 nm (2.5 nm effective). Magnets for this upgrade were installed starting in 2012 followed by a transition to user operations with 2.0 nm emittance in spring 2013.

MOPFI013	A Lifetime Study of CsK2Sb Cathode	cathode, laser, electron, vacuum	309
	M. Kuriki, H. Iijima, K. Miyoshi, N. Norihito HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	Funding: Cooperative and Supporting Program for Researches and Educations in　Universities by High energy accelerator research organization (KEK) CsK2Sb multi-alkali cathode is one of the candidates of robust and high efficiency cathode for high brightness electron source. CsKSb can be driven by green laser and it is a big advantage comparing to Cs2Te cathode which is widely used as a robust photo-cathode and driven by UV light. In Hiroshima University, a test chamber for CsK2Sb photo-cathode study is developed. In the chamber, CsK2Sb photo-cathode is formed by evaporation on SUS base plate. During the evaporation, amount is monitored by quartz meter. We devised good locations of the evaporation source, base plate, and thickness monitor, so that all evaporation processes for Cs, K, and Sb are under control. The base plate temperature is also controlled during the cathode formation. More than 2.0% quantum efficiency was achieved at the first activation test. The cathode lifetime was more than 200 hours and more than 20C in charge. The latest experimental result will be reported.

MOPFI074	Ultracold and High Brightness Electron Source for Next Generation Particle Accelerators	electron, laser, plasma, emittance	452
	G.X. Xia, R. Appleby, W. Bertsche, M.A. Harvey UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom S. Chattopadhyay STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom S. Chattopadhyay Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A.J. Murray The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
	The ultra-cold plasma-based electron source has recently been proposed as an alternative to the conventional photoemitters or thermionic electron guns, which are widely used in today’s particle accelerators. The advantages of the ultra-cold plasma-based electron source lie in the fact that the electron beam extracted from the cold plasma (from ionization of cold atoms) has very low electron temperature, e.g. down to 10 K, and has the potential for producing high brightness and ultra-short electron bunches. All these features are crucial for the next generation particle accelerators, e.g. free electron lasers, plasma-based accelerators and the future linear colliders. In this paper, we will introduce our proposed facility on cold electron source based at Photon Science Institute (PSI) in the University of Manchester.

TUPME034	Experimental Studies for Future LHC Beams in the SPS	emittance, injection, optics, space-charge	1652
	H. Bartosik, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, S. Cettour-Cave, J. Esteban Müller, W. Höfle, G. Iadarola, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, F. Schmidt, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.Y. Molodozhentsev KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project requires significantly higher beam intensity than presently accessible in the LHC injector chain. The aim of the LHC injectors upgrade project (LIU) is to prepare the CERN accelerators for the future needs of the LHC. Therefore a series of machine studies with high brightness beams were performed, assessing the present performance reach and identifying remaining limitations. Of particular concern are beam loading and longitudinal instabilities at high energy, space charge for beams with 50ns bunch spacing and electron cloud effects for beams with 25ns bunch spacing. This paper provides a summary of the performed studies, that have been possible thanks to the implementation of the SPS low gamma-transition optics.

WEXB101	Optics Optimization for Reducing Collective Effects and Raising Instability Thresholds in Lepton and Hadron Rings	optics, emittance, synchrotron, collective-effects	2033
	Y. Papaphilippou, F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This paper covers recent progress in the design of optics solutions to minimize collective effects such as beam instabilities, intra-beam scattering or space charge in hadron and lepton rings. The necessary steps are reviewed for designing the optics of high-intensity and high-brightness synchrotrons but also ultra-low emittance lepton storage rings, whose performance is strongly dominated by collective effects. Particular emphasis is given to proposed and existing designs illustrated by simulations and beam measurements.
	Slides WEXB101 [24.511 MB]

WEPWA073	Compton Scattering Gamma-ray Light Source Modeling and Optimization	electron, radiation, laser, photon	2283
	F.V. Hartemann, R.A. Marsh, S.S.Q. Wu LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 In Compton scattering light sources, a short (ps to ns) laser pulse and a high brightness relativistic electron beam collide to yield tunable, monochromatic, polarized gamma-ray photons. The properties of the gamma-ray phase space is studied, in relation to the full electron bunch and laser pulse phase spaces, along with collimation, nonlinear effects and other sources of spectral broadening. This process has potential high impact applications in homeland security, nuclear waste assay, medical imaging and stockpile surveillance, among other areas of interest. Detailed theoretical modeling is outlined to aid the design of Compton light sources and provide optimization strategies relevant within the context of nuclear photonics applications.

WEPEA044	RF Manipulations for Higher Brightness LHC-type Beams	injection, controls, emittance, extraction	2600
	H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In order to increase the transverse brightness of beams for the LHC, ever more complicated RF manipulations have been proposed in the PS machine in order to reduce the intensity demands per PS batch on the upstream PS Booster. Several schemes based on cascades of batch compression, bunch merging, as well as the more routine bunch splitting have been successfully commissioned and higher brightness beams have been delivered to the downstream accelerators for measurement. Despite all this complexity, longitudinal and transverse beam quality are well preserved. In addition, to fully profit from the brightness of all four PS Booster rings, the injection of twice 4 bunches into harmonic 9 buckets in the PS has been made operational as an alternative to the usual double-batch transfer of 4+2 bunches into harmonic 7. This paper summarizes the new beam production schemes, their implementation in the PS low-level RF system and the experimental results.

THPWA018	High Power Test of a C-band 6 MeV Standing-wave Linear Accelerator	target, coupling, radiation, gun	3666
	J.H. Shao, H.B. Chen, Y.-C. Du, Q.X. Jin, J. Shi, H. Zha TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A C-band 6MeV standing-wave bi-periodic on-axis coupled linear accelerator has been developed at the accelerator laboratory of Tsinghua University [1,2]. In the recent high power RF test, the capture ratio, the energy spectrum, the spot size and the dose rate of this accelerator have been measured. With a 2.07-MW input power, the peak current is 130mA and the output spot root-mean-square diameter is about 0.8mm. The output kinetic energy is 6.0MeV with a spectrum FWHM of 7.5%. In this paper, the setup and detailed results of the high power RF test are presented.

THPWO080	Operational Performance of the LHC Proton Beams with the SPS Low Transition Energy Optics	optics, emittance, extraction, injection	3945
	Y. Papaphilippou, G. Arduini, T. Argyropoulos, W. Bartmann, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, L.N. Drøsdal, J. Esteban Müller, B. Goddard, A. Guerrero, W. Höfle, V. Kain, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko, D. Valuch, G. Vanbavinckhove, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	An optics in the SPS with lower integer tunes (20 versus 26) was proposed and introduced in machine studies since 2010, as a measure for increasing transverse and longitudinal instability thresholds, especially at low energy, for the LHC proton beams. After two years of machine studies and careful optimisation, the new “Q20” optics became operational in September 2012 and steadily delivered beam to the LHC until the end of the run. This paper reviews the operational performance of the Q20 optics with respect to transverse and longitudinal beam characteristics in the SPS, enabling high brightness beams injected into the LHC. Aspects of longitudinal beam stability, transmission, high-energy orbit control and beam transfer are discussed.

THPWO084	Optimization of a Bi-spectral Boxed Side-by-Side Moderator for the Target-Moderator-Reflector System of the ESS	neutron, target, scattering, proton	3957
	T. Reiss, U. Filges, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland F. X. Gallmeier ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Providing bi-spectral neutron beams is one of the main neutronics design criteria for the target-moderator-reflector (TMR) system of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund (Sweden). As a first step, the requirements of neutronics instruments regarding the neutron spectrum are formulated, a figure of merit is defined. In order to maximize the moderator performance to obtain bi-spectral neutron extraction, a parametrized model of the TMR system is developed and used with a MCNPX-based optimization framework. This model is then used to study and optimize the moderator performance, especially in the thermal and cold parts of the spectrum. Results obtained with an optimized moderator setup are dicussed and compared with the requirements of the instruments.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOYCB101

Brightness and Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation and FELs

radiation, FEL, electron, undulator

16

Z. Huang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Essential properties of radiation from storage rings and FELs include spatial- and temporal beam brightness and coherence. Starting from a fundamental representation of the electron beam as a radiating source the electromagnetic power can be represented as modes in phase-space to characterize beam quality. For storage rings, conditions for transverse coherence are possible which can lead to high-resolution imaging under a variety of polarization conditions. For FELs the radiation brightness is over 10 orders of magnitude higher with finite temporal coherence times and much of the total FEL power contained in the dominant mode. This presentation should provide an overview of the above.

Slides MOYCB101 [9.731 MB]

MOPEA074

Lattice Studies for a Potential Soft X-ray Diffraction Limited Upgrade of the ALS

lattice, emittance, scattering, injection

258

C. Steier, J.M. Byrd, R.W. Falcone, S.D. Kevan, D. Robin, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W. Wan
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley Lab has seen many upgrades over the years, keeping it one of the brightest sources for soft x-rays worldwide. Recent developments in magnet technology and lattice design (multi bend achromat lattices) appear to open the door for very large further increases in brightness, particularly by reducing the horizontal emittance, even within the space constraints of the existing tunnel. Initial studies yielded candidate lattices which approach the soft x-ray diffraction limit (around 2 keV) in both planes within the ALS footprint.

MOPEA075

Completion of the Brightness Upgrade of the ALS

lattice, emittance, insertion, sextupole

261

C. Steier, B.J. Bailey, K. Berg, A. Biocca, A.T. Black, P.W. Casey, D. Colomb, R.F. Gunion, N. Li, A. Madur, S. Marks, H. Nishimura, G.C. Pappas, K.V. Petermann, G.J. Portmann, S. Prestemon, A.W. Rawlins, D. Robin, S.L. Rossi, T. Scarvie, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W. Wan, E.C. Williams
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
C. Chen, J. Jin, Y.M. Wen, J. Wu, L. Yin, J.D. Zhang, Q.G. Zhou
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley Lab remains one of the brightest sources for soft x-rays worldwide. A multiyear upgrade of the ALS is underway, which includes new and replacement x-ray beamlines, a replacement of many of the original insertion devices and many upgrades to the accelerator. The accelerator upgrade that affects the ALS performance most directly is the ALS brightness upgrade, which reduced the horizontal emittance from 6.3 to 2.0 nm (2.5 nm effective). Magnets for this upgrade were installed starting in 2012 followed by a transition to user operations with 2.0 nm emittance in spring 2013.

MOPFI013

A Lifetime Study of CsK2Sb Cathode

cathode, laser, electron, vacuum

309

M. Kuriki, H. Iijima, K. Miyoshi, N. Norihito
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Funding: Cooperative and Supporting Program for Researches and Educations in　Universities by High energy accelerator research organization (KEK)
CsK2Sb multi-alkali cathode is one of the candidates of robust and high efficiency cathode for high brightness electron source. CsKSb can be driven by green laser and it is a big advantage comparing to Cs2Te cathode which is widely used as a robust photo-cathode and driven by UV light. In Hiroshima University, a test chamber for CsK2Sb photo-cathode study is developed. In the chamber, CsK2Sb photo-cathode is formed by evaporation on SUS base plate. During the evaporation, amount is monitored by quartz meter. We devised good locations of the evaporation source, base plate, and thickness monitor, so that all evaporation processes for Cs, K, and Sb are under control. The base plate temperature is also controlled during the cathode formation. More than 2.0% quantum efficiency was achieved at the first activation test. The cathode lifetime was more than 200 hours and more than 20C in charge. The latest experimental result will be reported.

MOPFI074

Ultracold and High Brightness Electron Source for Next Generation Particle Accelerators

electron, laser, plasma, emittance

452

G.X. Xia, R. Appleby, W. Bertsche, M.A. Harvey
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
S. Chattopadhyay
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
S. Chattopadhyay
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A.J. Murray
The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom

The ultra-cold plasma-based electron source has recently been proposed as an alternative to the conventional photoemitters or thermionic electron guns, which are widely used in today’s particle accelerators. The advantages of the ultra-cold plasma-based electron source lie in the fact that the electron beam extracted from the cold plasma (from ionization of cold atoms) has very low electron temperature, e.g. down to 10 K, and has the potential for producing high brightness and ultra-short electron bunches. All these features are crucial for the next generation particle accelerators, e.g. free electron lasers, plasma-based accelerators and the future linear colliders. In this paper, we will introduce our proposed facility on cold electron source based at Photon Science Institute (PSI) in the University of Manchester.

TUPME034

Experimental Studies for Future LHC Beams in the SPS

emittance, injection, optics, space-charge

1652

H. Bartosik, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, S. Cettour-Cave, J. Esteban Müller, W. Höfle, G. Iadarola, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, F. Schmidt, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.Y. Molodozhentsev
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project requires significantly higher beam intensity than presently accessible in the LHC injector chain. The aim of the LHC injectors upgrade project (LIU) is to prepare the CERN accelerators for the future needs of the LHC. Therefore a series of machine studies with high brightness beams were performed, assessing the present performance reach and identifying remaining limitations. Of particular concern are beam loading and longitudinal instabilities at high energy, space charge for beams with 50ns bunch spacing and electron cloud effects for beams with 25ns bunch spacing. This paper provides a summary of the performed studies, that have been possible thanks to the implementation of the SPS low gamma-transition optics.

WEXB101

Optics Optimization for Reducing Collective Effects and Raising Instability Thresholds in Lepton and Hadron Rings

optics, emittance, synchrotron, collective-effects

2033

Y. Papaphilippou, F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This paper covers recent progress in the design of optics solutions to minimize collective effects such as beam instabilities, intra-beam scattering or space charge in hadron and lepton rings. The necessary steps are reviewed for designing the optics of high-intensity and high-brightness synchrotrons but also ultra-low emittance lepton storage rings, whose performance is strongly dominated by collective effects. Particular emphasis is given to proposed and existing designs illustrated by simulations and beam measurements.

Slides WEXB101 [24.511 MB]

WEPWA073

Compton Scattering Gamma-ray Light Source Modeling and Optimization

electron, radiation, laser, photon

2283

F.V. Hartemann, R.A. Marsh, S.S.Q. Wu
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344
In Compton scattering light sources, a short (ps to ns) laser pulse and a high brightness relativistic electron beam collide to yield tunable, monochromatic, polarized gamma-ray photons. The properties of the gamma-ray phase space is studied, in relation to the full electron bunch and laser pulse phase spaces, along with collimation, nonlinear effects and other sources of spectral broadening. This process has potential high impact applications in homeland security, nuclear waste assay, medical imaging and stockpile surveillance, among other areas of interest. Detailed theoretical modeling is outlined to aid the design of Compton light sources and provide optimization strategies relevant within the context of nuclear photonics applications.

WEPEA044

RF Manipulations for Higher Brightness LHC-type Beams

injection, controls, emittance, extraction

2600

H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In order to increase the transverse brightness of beams for the LHC, ever more complicated RF manipulations have been proposed in the PS machine in order to reduce the intensity demands per PS batch on the upstream PS Booster. Several schemes based on cascades of batch compression, bunch merging, as well as the more routine bunch splitting have been successfully commissioned and higher brightness beams have been delivered to the downstream accelerators for measurement. Despite all this complexity, longitudinal and transverse beam quality are well preserved. In addition, to fully profit from the brightness of all four PS Booster rings, the injection of twice 4 bunches into harmonic 9 buckets in the PS has been made operational as an alternative to the usual double-batch transfer of 4+2 bunches into harmonic 7. This paper summarizes the new beam production schemes, their implementation in the PS low-level RF system and the experimental results.

THPWA018

High Power Test of a C-band 6 MeV Standing-wave Linear Accelerator

target, coupling, radiation, gun

3666

J.H. Shao, H.B. Chen, Y.-C. Du, Q.X. Jin, J. Shi, H. Zha
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A C-band 6MeV standing-wave bi-periodic on-axis coupled linear accelerator has been developed at the accelerator laboratory of Tsinghua University [1,2]. In the recent high power RF test, the capture ratio, the energy spectrum, the spot size and the dose rate of this accelerator have been measured. With a 2.07-MW input power, the peak current is 130mA and the output spot root-mean-square diameter is about 0.8mm. The output kinetic energy is 6.0MeV with a spectrum FWHM of 7.5%. In this paper, the setup and detailed results of the high power RF test are presented.

THPWO080

Operational Performance of the LHC Proton Beams with the SPS Low Transition Energy Optics

optics, emittance, extraction, injection

3945

Y. Papaphilippou, G. Arduini, T. Argyropoulos, W. Bartmann, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, L.N. Drøsdal, J. Esteban Müller, B. Goddard, A. Guerrero, W. Höfle, V. Kain, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko, D. Valuch, G. Vanbavinckhove, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

An optics in the SPS with lower integer tunes (20 versus 26) was proposed and introduced in machine studies since 2010, as a measure for increasing transverse and longitudinal instability thresholds, especially at low energy, for the LHC proton beams. After two years of machine studies and careful optimisation, the new “Q20” optics became operational in September 2012 and steadily delivered beam to the LHC until the end of the run. This paper reviews the operational performance of the Q20 optics with respect to transverse and longitudinal beam characteristics in the SPS, enabling high brightness beams injected into the LHC. Aspects of longitudinal beam stability, transmission, high-energy orbit control and beam transfer are discussed.

THPWO084

Optimization of a Bi-spectral Boxed Side-by-Side Moderator for the Target-Moderator-Reflector System of the ESS

neutron, target, scattering, proton

3957

T. Reiss, U. Filges, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
F. X. Gallmeier
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Providing bi-spectral neutron beams is one of the main neutronics design criteria for the target-moderator-reflector (TMR) system of the European Spallation Source, to be built in Lund (Sweden). As a first step, the requirements of neutronics instruments regarding the neutron spectrum are formulated, a figure of merit is defined. In order to maximize the moderator performance to obtain bi-spectral neutron extraction, a parametrized model of the TMR system is developed and used with a MCNPX-based optimization framework. This model is then used to study and optimize the moderator performance, especially in the thermal and cold parts of the spectrum. Results obtained with an optimized moderator setup are dicussed and compared with the requirements of the instruments.