IPAC2013 - List of Keywords (ion)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOXBB101	Challenges facing High Power Proton Accelerators	linac, proton, injection, rfq	1
	M.A. Plum ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This presentation will provide an overview of the challenges and experiences of high power proton accelerators such as SNS, J-PARC, etc. and what we have learned from experiences and how to mitigate beam losses.
	Slides MOXBB101 [6.734 MB]

MOZB202	The First Long Shutdown (LS1) for the LHC	dipole, luminosity, vacuum, radiation	44
	F. Bordry, S. Baird, K. Foraz, A.-L. Perrot, R.I. Saban, J.Ph. G. L. Tock CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC has been delivering data to the physics experiments since the first collisions in 2009. The first long shutdown (LS1), which started on 14 February 2013, was triggered by the need to consolidate the magnet interconnections so as to allow the LHC to operate at the design energy of 14 TeV in the centre-of-mass. It has now become a major shutdown which, in addition, includes other repairs, consolidation, upgrades and cabling across the whole accelerator complex and the associated experimental facilities. LS1 will see a massive programme of maintenance for the LHC and its injectors in the wake of more than three years of operation without the long winter shutdowns that were the norm in the past. The main driving effort will be the consolidation of the 10,170 high-current splices between the superconducting magnets. The presentation describes first the preparation phase with the prioritisation of the activities, the building of the teams and the detailed planning of the operation. Then, it gives the status after 3 months and the restart plans for all CERN accelerators. First lessons learnt for the 2nd long shutdown (LS2) will conclude the presentation.
	Slides MOZB202 [13.675 MB]

MOODB201	Proton-nucleus Collisions in the LHC	luminosity, injection, proton, heavy-ion	49
	J.M. Jowett, R. Alemany-Fernandez, P. Baudrenghien, D. Jacquet, M. Lamont, D. Manglunki, S. Redaelli, M. Sapinski, M. Schaumann, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, R. Tomás, J.A. Uythoven, D. Valuch, R. Versteegen, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Following the high integrated luminosity accumulated in the first two Pb-Pb collision runs in 2010 and 2011, the LHC heavy-ion physics community requested a first run with p-Pb collisions. This almost unprecedented mode of collider operation was not foreseen in the baseline design of the LHC whose two-in-one magnet design imposed equal rigidity and, hence, unequal revolution frequencies, during injection and ramp. Nevertheless, after a successful pilot physics fill in 2012, the LHC provided 31 nb^-1 of p-Pb luminosity per experiment, at an energy of 5.02 TeV per colliding nucleon pair, with several variations of the operating conditions, in early 2013. Together with a companion p-p run at 2.76 TeV, this was the last physics before the present long shutdown. We summarise the beam physics, operational adaptations and strategy that resulted in extremely rapid commissioning. Finally, we give an account of the progress of the run and provide an analysis of the performance.
	Slides MOODB201 [6.547 MB]

MOPEA004	Beam Lifetime in the ASTRID and ASTRID2 Synchrotron Light Sources: Excitations and Vacuum Dependences	synchrotron, vacuum, emittance, electron	67
	J.S. Nielsen, N. Hertel, S.P. Møller ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	The beam lifetime is a very important parameter for synchrotron light sources without top-up, and sometimes more important than the lowest possible vertical beam emittance. At the ASTRID synchrotron light source, we have for many years routinely applied a phase modulation of the accelerating RF field, together with a vertical excitation of the beam at the first vertical betatron frequency. These two effects increase the beam lifetime from about 3 hours to more than 100 hours at 150 mA. Lifetime measurements as function of modulation and excitation parameters will be presented. Additionally, measurements of the beam lifetime in ASTRID and ASTRID2 as function of vacuum pressure will be presented.

MOPEA010	Transfer of RIB’s between ISOL Target and Experiment Hall at SPIRAL 2	radiation, target, remote-handling, ISOL	85
	F.R. Osswald, T. Adam, E. Bouquerel, D. Boutin, A. Dinkov, M. Rousseau, A. Sellam IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France N.Yu. Kazarinov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia H. Weick, M. Winkler GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: The authors would like to acknowledge the German-French and Russian-French agreements enabling the allocation of resources : IN2P3 - GSI (id. 12-69), and IN2P3 - JINR (id. 11-88) collaborations. The production of intense radioactive beams requires a high power target, an efficient beam selection and transport, safe operations and a reliable-cost effective facility. The SPIRAL 2 project a so called second generation RIB facility is under construction at GANIL. The low energy RIB’s will be produced by neutron induced fissions obtained from a 40 MeV primary beam (deutons) and a graphit convertor. Several issues must be addressed in order to insure the safety rules and ultimately the performances requested by the scientific programme. Among them, the space charge dominated regime during the extraction of the beam after the target and the ion source, the compromise between beam transmission, rejection of the light-ion beam, and management of the main safety features. Most of the investigations currently in progress are devoted to the nuclear engineering, the maintenance and the multi-scale integration of the segmented beam line with the infrastructure. * RIB dynamics of the SPIRAL 2 Transfer Line, HIAT 2012 Simulation of Hollow Beam formation at SPIRAL 2, IPAC 2011 * A Secondary Radioactive Beam Line Section for SPIRAL 2, HIAT 2009

MOPEA013	Radioactive Beam Accumulation for a Storage Ring Experiment with an Internal Target	target, electron, injection, kicker	91
	F. Nolden, C. Dimopoulou, R. Grisenti, C.M. Kleffner, S.A. Litvinov, W. Maier, C. Peschke, P. Petri, U. Popp, M. Steck, H. Weick, D.F.A. Winters, T. Ziglasch GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	A radioactive ⁵⁶Ni beam was successfully accumulated for an experiment with an internal hydrogen target at the storage ring ESR of GSI, Germany. The radioactive beam was produced and separated at the GSI fragment separator from a stable ⁵⁸Ni beam. About 6·10⁴ ⁵⁶Ni ions were injected into the ESR on a high relative momentum orbit. The beam was subjected to stochastic cooling, bunched and transported to a low relative momentum orbit where it was neither disturbed by the field of the partial aperture injection kicker nor by the fields of the stochastic cooling kickers. Slightly below this deposition momentum, the beam was accumulated and continuously cooled by means of electron cooling. For each experiment with internal hydrogen target, about 80 shots were injected consecutively, leading to a stored beam of roughly 5·10⁶ particles.

MOPEA015	A Transverse Electron Target for Heavy Ion Storage Rings	electron, target, interaction-region, storage-ring	97
	S. Geyer, O. Meusel, D. Ries IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany O.K. Kester GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	A transverse electron target is a well suited concept under discussion for storage rings to investigate electron-ion interaction processes relevant for heavy ion accelerators. Using a sheet beam of free electrons in crossed beam geometry promises not only a high energy resolution but also allows access to the interaction region for photon and electron spectroscopy under large solid angles. To realize a compact and multi-purpose applicable design, only electrostatic fields are used for beam focussing. The produced electron beam has a length of 10cm in ion beam direction and a width of around 5mm in the interaction region with densities of ~10⁹electrons/cm³. The target geometry allows the independent adjustment of the electron beam current and energy in the region of several 10eV and a few keV. The setup meets the high requirements for an operation in the UHV environment of a storage ring and is installed applying the so-called animated beam technique. The electron target is dedicated to the FAIR storage rings. First measurements have been performed at a test bench. An overview of the project status will be presented including first results of the characterization measurements.

MOPEA017	Electron Cooling of Heavy Ions Interacting with Internal Target at HESR of FAIR	electron, target, emittance, scattering	103
	T. Katayama, M. Steck GSI, Darmstadt, Germany R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is designed and optimized to accumulate and store the anti-proton beam for the internal target experiment. The recent demand of atomic physics has impacted to use the HESR facility also as the storage ring of bare heavy ions. In this concept the bare heavy ions are injected at 740 MeV/u from the Collector Ring where the ions are well stochastically cooled to be matched with HESR ring acceptance. In the HESR the 2 MeV electron cooler is prepared with the maximal electron current of 3 A and the cooling length of 2.7 m. The electron cooling process of typically ²³⁸U⁹²⁺ beam is simulated for the Hydogen and Xe internal target with simultaneous use of barrier voltage to compensate the mean energy loss caused by the interaction with internal target. In the present report the detailed simulation results of 6D phase space obtained by the particle tracking code are precisely discussed.

MOPEA018	Feasibility Study of Heavy Ion Storage and Acceleration in the HESR with Stochastic Cooling and Internal Targets	target, cavity, simulation, acceleration	106
	H. Stockhorst, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich, Germany T. Katayama GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Stochastic cooling of heavy ions is investigated under the constraint of the present hardware design of the cooling system and RF cavities as well as the given magnet design as foreseen for anti-proton cooling in the HESR of the FAIR facility. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam to 2 GeV/u is studied under the basic condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a Hydrogen and Xenon target. Diffusion due to Schottky and thermal noise as well as intra beam scattering is accounted for. Due to the higher charge states of the ions Schottky particle noise power becomes an important issue. The analysis considers the electronic power limitation to 500 W in case of momentum cooling. Fast Filter cooling is only available if the revolution harmonics do not overlap in the cooling bandwidth. Since overlap occurs for lower energies the application of the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) momentum cooling method is discussed.

MOPEA031	Study of Extraction and Transport of Intense Highly Charged Ions for 18GHz SC-ECRIS at RCNP	extraction, cyclotron, plasma, ECR	145
	T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, A. Tamii, Y. Yasuda RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	An 18 GHz superconducting ECRIS has also been installed to increase beam currents and to extend the variety of ions, especially for highly charged heavy ions which can be accelerated by RCNP cyclotrons. The mirror magnetic field is produced with four liquid-helium-free superconducting coils and the permanent magnet hexapole is of Halbach type with 24 pieces of NEOMAX-44H material. The production development of several ions like B, O, N, Ne, Ar, Ni, Kr and Xe has been performed. Further study for its beam extraction and transport have been done in order to increase the beam injected to cyclotron. The parameters of extraction systems and electrostatic lens are optimized taking account with magnetic field leakage from AVF Cyclotron. Emittance study also has been done to see the quality of injection beam. For that purpose two types of emittance monitor have been developed. One is using three wire profile monitor and another has BPM with rotating wire for quick measurement. The details of these developments will be presented.

MOPEA043	Transverse Instabilities of Two Twisted Beams in a Storage Ring	electron, storage-ring, simulation, kicker	172
	B.C. Jiang, M.Z. Zhang, Z.T. Zhao SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China G.X. Xia UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Two twisted beams (two beams run on the different closed orbit) in a storage ring which is produced by fast kickers can potentially deliver two bunds of radiations through one insertion device or one bend magnet, in this way doubles the beam line stations. This operation mode needs higher beam current and more RF buckets to be filled to keep the brightness comparable to the single beam operation mode. The resistive wall instability and ion trapping effects is analysed to address the higher current operation possibility. The analyze results show that twisted beams can weaken those two instabilities.

MOPEA064	A New Long Pulse High Voltage Extraction Power Supply for FETS	extraction, power-supply, high-voltage, ion-source	228
	D.C. Faircloth, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	A new 25 kV 2 ms 50 Hz extraction voltage power supply has been developed for the high performance H-minus ion source for the Front End Test Stand at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The power supply has been designed to fit in a single 19 inch rack and has a modular design for easy maintenance. This paper details the design and performance of the power supply and extracted beam currents.

MOPEA065	Commissioning of the Ion Source for Siemens Novel Electrostatic Accelerator	plasma, ion-source, extraction, electron	231
	H. von Jagwitz-Biegnitz JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom P. Beasley, O. Heid Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany D.C. Faircloth STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom A.J. Holmes Marcham Scientific Ltd, Hungerford, United Kingdom R.G. Selway Inspired Engineering Ltd, Climping, United Kingdom B. Singh, E. Zitvogel BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Siemens is developing a novel compact DC electrostatic tandem accelerator and currently building a prototype. A dedicated H⁻ ion source for this accelerator has been designed and built. This paper reports on some of the design features as well as results of the commissioning phase of this filament driven DC multicusp volume H⁻ ion source. Stable H⁻ currents of more then 300 μA at 10 keV have been extracted. This satisfies the beam current requirement of the novel accelerator.

MOPEA083	Energy Modulation in Coherent Electron Cooling	electron, plasma, FEL, simulation	276
	G. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, V. Litvinenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Coherent electron cooling (CeC) relies on Debye shielding to imprint information of the ion beam to an electron beam [1]. Apart from the density modulation, Debye shielding also modulates the energy of electrons, which provides additional seeding for the free electron laser (FEL) amplifier. In this work, we show that the energy modulation of a longitudinal slice of the electrons, induced by dynamic Debye shielding of a moving ion in anisotropic electron plasma with κ-2 velocity distribution, can be expressed into a 1D integral. The results are then applied to the 1D FEL model to investigate the effects of energy modulation to the correcting force in the kicker. [1] V.N. Litvinenko, Y.S. Derbenev, Coherent Electron Cooling, Physical Review Letters, 102 (2009) 114801. http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v102/e114801

MOPFI006	A New Load Lock System for the Source of Polarised Electrons at ELSA	electron, polarization, vacuum, laser	294
	D. Heiliger, W. Hillert, B. Neff ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	Funding: supported by DFG (SFB/TR16) The inverted source of polarized electrons at the electron stretcher accelerator ELSA routinely provides a pulsed beam with a current of 100 mA and a polarization degree of about 80%. One micro-second long pulses with 100 nC charge are produced by irradiating a GaAs strained-layer superlattice photocathode (8 mm in diameter) with laser light. Future accelerator operation requires a significantly higher beam intensity, which can be achieved by using photocathodes with sufficiently high quantum efficiency. Therefore, and in order to enhance the reliability and uptime of the source, a new extreme high-vacuum (XHV) load lock system was installed and commissioned. It consists of a loading chamber in which an atomic hydrogen source is used to remove any remaining surface oxidation, an activation chamber for heat cleaning of the photocathodes and activation with cesium and oxygen and a storage chamber in which up to five different types of photocathodes with various diameters of the emitting surface can be stored under XHV conditions. Additionally, tests of the photocathodes' properties can be performed during accelerator operation.

MOPFI010	Initial Beam Loss and Control of Dynamic Vacuum Effects in SIS18	injection, collimation, vacuum, synchrotron	300
	Y. El-Hayek FIAS, Frankfurt am Main, Germany M.M. Kirk, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	To stabilize the dynamic pressure in the SIS18, the systematic initial beam loss must be minimized. Beam Particles, which are lost on the vaccum chamber cause a local pressure increase. Thereby the collision rate between beam ions and residual gas particles and consequently beam loss by ionization is enhanced. The reduction and control of beam loss in the injection channel, during multiturn injection and during the Rf capture process has an outstanding importance for the vacuum dynamics. One way to minimize the initial losses in the synchrotron is to displace the beam loss into the transfer channel (TK) between UNILAC and SIS. In the transfer channel, the beam edges are trimmed by means of a collimator system and a sharply defined phase space area can be injected into SIS18. The effect of reduced initial beam loss on the vaccum dynamics is presented.

MOPFI012	Measurement of Adsorption Rates of Residual Gases for NEA-GaAs Surface	electron, cathode, vacuum, emittance	306
	M. Kuriki, H. Iijima, K. Miyoshi, K.U. Uchida HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	A GaAs photocathode activated the surface to negative-electron-affinity (NEA) is an important device for high-average-current electron accelerators such as a next-generation light source based on an energy recovery linac. The NEA surface is normally formed by a yo-yo technique in which cesium and oxygen are applied onto the surface alternately. Although the initial quantum efficiency is relatively larger than that of another cathode, the lifetime is shorter. The degradation with time elapsing even if the electron beam is not extracted is mainly caused by adsorption of residual gases in a vacuum chamber. We have evaluated the adsorption rates of various gases for the NEA surface by measuring the dark lifetime in sample gases such as hydrogen, carbon oxide and carbon dioxide.

MOPFI014	A Charge Lifetime Study of NEA GaAs Cathode by Ion Back-bombardment	electron, cathode, vacuum, simulation	312
	M. Kuriki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan L. Guo, H. Iijima, K. Miyoshi HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	Funding: Quantum beam project by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; The title is High Brightness Photon Beam by Laser-Compton Scattering. NEA GaAs cathode is one of the most important techniques for advanced future projects based on linac. Up to 90% polarized beam can be generated with high quantum efficiency, 0.1 – 10%. The extremely low emittance beam can be generated driven by optimized wavelength laser. Although these remarkable features, the less robustness has been the biggest issue on the real operation of this cathode. According to past experiments, there are three sources of the cathode degradation; gas absorption, thermal desorption, and ion-back bombardment. First two processes could be controlled by less vacuum pressure in order of 10^-10Pa and keeping the cathode temperature low. The ion back-bombardment is the last issue which should be solved for high brightness operation in such as ERL. We observed the cathode quantum efficiency evolution in various laser power density and bias voltage. We found that the cathode degradation was due to the ion back-bombardment quantitatively and the deactivation coefficient of NEA surface by one ion collision did not depend on the bias voltage. We report the experimental results and its analysis based on the ion back-bombardment hypothesis.

MOPFI025	Progress Towards High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Beams at RIKEN RIBF	cyclotron, stripper, ECRIS, DTL	333
	O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, T. Fujinawa, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, H. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	The RIKEN RIBF(Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory) accelerator complex has been designed and constructed to provide heavy-ion beams from D to U ions with the energy of 400 MeV/u to the maximum. Though the goal intensity is 1 particle μ amperes for the whole mass range, the intensities of very heavy-ions from Ca to U are still not satisfactory. In 2012, owing to the intensity upgrade of ⁴⁸Ca beams from ECR ion source, the beam current of ⁴⁸Ca was 400 pnA which was improved by factors of 2 in comparison with that in 2011. Since 2011, the new injector RILAC2 has been successfully commissioned and operated very stably for beam service time, increasing the U beam intensity by an order of magnitude. Because it was no longer realistic to use carbon foil to strip the charge of intense U beams, in 2012 the Low-Z gas stripper system instead of the standard carbon foil system has been introduced and successfully worked. To accelerate the ²³⁸U⁶⁴⁺ beams provided by the Low-Z gas stripper, modification of the following Fixed-frequency Ring Cyclotron was performed. In 2012, 15 pnA uranium beams which was four times larger than that provided in 2011 has been achieved.

MOPFI026	Thermal Simulations of a New Target Configuration for Production of Radioactive Nuclide	target, neutron, simulation, radiation	336
	L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, B. Tang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	China Advanced Rare Ion-beam Facility (CARIF) based on China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) has been proposed in order exploring the frontier of nuclear physics. A target with 5 g 235U is proposed in the project. The thermal neutron fission of 235U will produce radioactive nuclei and the great thermal load (~50 kW). The target of CARIF needs endure high temperature and thermal energy deposit. A new multi-targets configuration is proposed. It consists of several discrete targets instead of traditional single-target structure used in accelerator driven facility. Because there is more thermal radiation area in this configuration, thermal radiation capacity is enhanced, so the target can withstand higher thermal power. The temperature distribution of multi-targets was simulated with finite element code. The results show that the configuration of multi targets can effectively reduce the target temperature. From the perspective of target temperature distribution, the configuration could endure 50kW thermal deposit. It's possible to use 5 g 235U in CARIF for production of radioactive nuclide.

MOPFI027	The Progress of the BRISOL Facility at CIAE	target, ion-source, vacuum, diagnostics	339
	B. Tang, L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, Z. Peng CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facilities Isotope Separator On-Line (BRISOL), aiming to generate short life radioactive ion beam (RIB) on-line, is being constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). Up to now, construction of major equipment for BRISOL is completed, including ion source, vacuum system, separator, optical element, and beam diagnostic system, and assembling is underway in laboratory. The on-site installation of all the beam line will be carried out soon. All the major element prototype including surface ion source, quadrupole, hexapole, multipole and beam diagnostic system have been studied off-line on a test-bench for BRISOL. A Li beam was generated and separated . The primary tests show that the ion source and the optical elements work well. The test charge exchange cell (CEC) is under way. BRISOL will be commissioned next year.

MOPFI029	The Construction Progress of Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility	cyclotron, ISOL, ion-source, vacuum	345
	T.J. Zhang, Shizhong. An, B.Q. Cui, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lu, C.H. Peng, F. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The Beijing Radioactive Ion-Beam Facility (BRIF) is being constructed at CIAE. The project consists of a 100 MeV high intensity cyclotron CYCIAE-100, an ISOL system with a mass resolution of 20000, and a superconducting booster. The construction of the building was started on April 28, 2011 and the roof was sealed on Jan. 16, 2012. The on-site installation conditions have been ready since Sept. 27, 2012. Up to now, the fabrication of all major components for CYCIAE-100 have been completed, including the main magnet system, the RF system, ion source and injection, main vacuum, etc. The equipment fabrication for the ISOL system has been completed and magnetic mapping and shimming is being performed on the large-scale analysis magnet. The fabrication of the major components for the superconducting booster has been accomplished, and the work on copper-niobium sputtering is under way. At present, the installation and assembly is in full swing and the beam commissioning is to predicted to be finished in mid 2013. Taking advantage of the experiences accumulated on the CRM cyclotron with beam up to 430 uA, it is likely that the first beams of 100 MeV can be achieved by the end of 2013.

MOPFI033	Commissioning Results and Progress of a Helium Injector for Coupled RFQ and SFRFQ Project at Peking University	rfq, ion-source, emittance, cavity	357
	J. Chen, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, Y.T. Luo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Z. Wang, Z.H. Wang, W.L. Xia, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	At Peking University (PKU) a new helium injector for coupled radio frequency quadrupole(RFQ) and separated function radio frequency quadrupole(SFRFQ) within one cavity, so called as coupled RFQ & SFRFQ, was designed recently. It will provide a 30keV 20mA He⁺ beam whose emittance is less than 0.15 π.mm.mrad for the accelerator. It is a combination of a 2.45GHz PKU PMECRIS (Permanent Magnet ECRIS) and a 1.16 m long LEBT. Within the 1.16 m LEBT, 2 solenoids, 2 steering magnets, a kicker, a space charge compensation section, a collimator, two vacuum valves, a Faraday cup and an ACCT are installed. The manufacture has been completed and the commissioning is on the way. In this paper we will address the commissioning results and its progress. Haitao Ren, et al., A Helium Injector for Coupled RFQ and SFRFQ Cavity Project at Peking University. Proc. LINAC’12, Paper TUPB034, Israel, 2012

MOPFI034	First Intense H⁻ Beam Generated by a Microwave-driven Pure Volume Source	electron, ion-source, plasma, extraction	360
	S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, Zh.W. Wang, Y. Xu, T. Zhang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China J. Zhao State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, Haidian District, People's Republic of China
	The 2.45 GHz Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma generators have demonstrated their efficiency, reproducibility on producing H⁺, D⁺, O+, N+, He+, Ar+* and He2+ at Peking University(PKU). Recently, modifications on magnet field configuration, discharge chamber structure and extraction system have been done to set-up a microwave-driven pure volume H⁻ ion source. First experiment was done on PKU ion source test bench at the beginning of Nov, 2012. A 15 mA H⁻ ion beam has been produced at 40 keV by this prototype source. This paper describes the source principle and design in detail and reports on the current status of the development work. * H. T. Ren, S. X. Peng*, P. N. Lu, S. Yan, Q. F. Zhou, J. Zhao, Z. X. Yuan, Z. Y. Guo and J. E. Chen, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B905 (2012)

MOPFI035	Preliminary Results of H²⁺ Beam Generated by a 2.45 GHz Permanent Magnet ECR Ion Source at PKU	ion-source, plasma, permanent-magnet, cyclotron	363
	Y. Xu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, Y.T. Luo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Z.H. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Recently, the need to build an ion source generating high current hydrogen molecular ion H²⁺ beam has been growing rapidly. For example, H²⁺ ion can be used as a pilot beam of the intense deuteron beam during the commission phase of linear accelerators to minimize the activation of components. And it is an effective way to improve the output current of cyclotrons by accelerating H²⁺ and stripping it into H⁺ at the exit of accelerator, instead of accelerating H⁺ beam directly. To obtain high-yield H²⁺ ion beam, experimental and theoretical study was carried out on the 2.45 GHz Peking University permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (PKU PMECR). With PMECR II, studies on the size of discharge chamber and the operation pressure were carried out to increase H²⁺ ion fraction. Beam analysis results prove that the H²⁺ can reach 40.5% with suitable operation parameters. More details will be presented in this paper. Zhizhong Song, Shixiang Peng et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 03A305 (2006) ** Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: sxpeng@pku.edu.cn.

MOPFI047	Analysis and Design of Matching Unit for a RF Driven Plasma Source for Fusion Purpose	plasma, impedance, ion-source, neutral-beams	389
	H.K. Yue Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China D.Z. Chen, M. Fan, J. Huang, D. Li, X.F. Li, K.F. Liu, C.R. Wan, C. Zhou HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	A RF driven plasma exciter for producing negative ions, aiming for heating and current drive neutral beam injectors for fusion applications, is in developing in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). In order to couple the maximum RF power to the source, the matching unit is designed to match the impedance of the source to that of the RF coaxial line. Firstly, a FEM model was built to estimate the equivalent circuit parameters of the source. Numerical predictions were compared with a small experimental setup to verify the accuracy of the fem model. Based on the numerical results, the RF coil and the matching components were carefully designed. Finally, the matching circuit for the source is developed and tested. Experimental results will be presented in the full paper.

MOPFI052	A New Lead Ion Injection System for the CERN SPS with 50 ns Rise Time	injection, kicker, septum, impedance	398
	B. Goddard, O. Aberle, J. Borburgh, E. Carlier, K. Cornelis, L. Ducimetière, L.K. Jensen, T. Kramer, D. Manglunki, A. Mereghetti, V. Mertens, D. Nisbet, B. Salvant, L. Sermeus CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC High Luminosity upgrade project includes a performance upgrade for heavy ions. One of the present performance limitations is the rise time of the SPS injection kicker system, which imposes a spacing of at least 220 ns between injected bunch trains at the operational rigidity. A reduction of this rise time to 50 ns for lead ions is requested as part of the suite of measures needed to increase the present design performance by a factor three. A new injection system based on a fast pulsed septum and a fast kicker has been proposed to fulfil this rise time requirement, and to meet all the constraints associated with the existing high intensity proton injection in the same region. This paper describes the concept and the required equipment parameters, and explores the implications of such a system for SPS operation.

MOPFI066	An Ultra-Low Energy Electron Beam Ion Trap in Shanghai	electron, plasma, injection, cathode	434
	J. Xiao, R. Hutton, X. Jin, D. Lu, B. Tu, Y. Yang, R. Zhao, Y. Zou Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Electron beam ion traps (EBITs) are very useful tools for disentanglement studies of atomic processes in plasmas. In this paper, a new ultra-low energy EBIT, SH-HtscEBIT, is reported. This EBIT can operate in the electron energy range of 30–4000 eV, with a current density of up to 100 A/cm². The low energy limit of this machine is 30 eV, which is the lowest energy among the EBITs around the world. The maximum magnetic field in the central drift tube region of this EBIT is around 0.25 T, produced by a pair of high temperature superconductor coils. This EBIT is set up for the purpose of disentangling spectroscopic studies of edge plasmas relevant to magnetic fusion devices, and of astro-plasmas. All the elements for the spectroscopic studies can be injected through an injection system. Both the design and the performance of this EBIT are presented.

MOPFI069	Preparation of the Polycrystalline Copper Photocathodes for the VELA RF Photocathode Gun	plasma, gun, electron, cathode	440
	R. Valizadeh, A.N. Hannah, K.J. Middleman, B.L. Militsyn, T.C.Q. Noakes, R.N.C. Santer STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M.D. Roper STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The Electron Beam Test Facility (EBTF) is a high performance electron source under commissioning at ASTeC. The photoinjector of the source is based on a S-band photocathode RF gun operating with a copper photocathode which is driven by a third harmonic of Ti: Sapphire laser (266 nm). The photocathode used in the RF gun is an integrated part of the gun cavity which is polycrystalline copper disk, polished to 1um roughness, and is placed at the back wall of the first 0.5 cell in the gun cavity. In order to accomplish a procedure to activate surface prior installation, copper test samples with roughness of 0.1 um were prepared by different techniques. The best results have been obtained by ex-situ plasma cleaning in an oxygen atmosphere. Analyses showed that there was no carbon on the surface and the surface was composed of copper oxide. After heating the sample in-situ to 220 C for almost all the surface oxide was removed. For this surface a QE of 2 x10^-5 was measured. Further heating to higher temperature did not result in any improvement either in surface composition nor a noticeable increase in QE. Prepared such a way operational photocathode is now under commissioning in the gun.

MOPFI071	High Power Cyclotrons for the Neutrino Experiments DAEδALUS and IsoDAR	cyclotron, proton, ion-source, electron	446
	R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, A.M. Kolano University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom A. Adelmann PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland J.R. Alonso LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy F. Méot BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	DAEδALUS (Decay At rest Experiment for δ_cp At a Laboratory for Underground Science) has been proposed to measure the value of the CP violating phase delta through the oscillation of low energy muon anti-neutrinos to electron antineutrinos. With a single large detector, three accelerators at different distances enable the oscillation to be measured with sufficient accuracy. We have proposed the superconducting multi-megawatt DAEδALUS Supercinducting Ring Cyclotron (DSRC) as the means of producing the 800 MeV 12 mA protons required, through the acceleration of H₂⁺, ions with highly efficient stripping extraction. The DSRC comprises twin ion sources and injector cyclotrons, followed by a booster. The injector cyclotron can also be used for a separate experiment, IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest) in which low energy protons produce Lithium 8, and thus a very pure electron antineutrino source which can be used to measure, or rule out, short range oscillation to a sterile neutrino. We describe recent developments in the designs of the injector and the booster, and the prospects for the two experiments.

MOPFI082	Redesign and Development of the Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap	electron, vacuum, alignment, cryogenics	467
	D. Lu, Y. Shen, Z. Shi, J. Xiao, Y. Yang, Y. Zou Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Over the last few years the Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) has been successfully redesigned and rebuilt. The original machine, developed under collaboration with the Shanghai Institute of Nuclear and Applied Physics, first generated an electron beam in 2005. Shanghai EBIT could be operated with electron beam energies between 1 and 130 keV and currents up to 160 mAmps. After several years of operation, it was found that some improvements/modifications to the old design were necessary. This contribution will discuss several of the main aspects of the redesigned Shanghai EBIT. So far it has been operated up to an electron energy of 40 keV with an current density of over 2400 A per square cm. The new EBIT is made primarily from Titanium instead of Stainless Steel and has an order of magnitude better background vacuum, a more efficient and economical cryogenic system, and also excellent optical alignment. Finally the magnetic field in the central drift tube region can reach up till 4.8 T.

MOPME013	20 Years of Development of SQUID-based Cryogenic Current Comparator for Beam Diagnostics	pick-up, cryogenics, shielding, niobium	497
	W. Vodel HIJ, Jena, Germany R. Geithner, R. Neubert, P. Seidel FSU Jena, Jena, Germany K.K. Knaack, K. Wittenburg DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Peters HIT, Heidelberg, Germany H. Reeg, M. Schwickert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	This contribution gives an overview on the development of highly sensitive SQUID-based Cryogenic Current Comparators (CCC) for nuclear physics from the first successful demonstration of its performance at GSI Darmstadt through the latest improved version for FAIR and the Cryogenic Storage Ring at MPI Heidelberg. An absolute and exact measurement of the intensity of charged particle beams - extracted from an accelerator or circulating in a Storage Ring - is one of the major problems of beam diagnosis. Also the measurement of so-called dark currents, generated by super-conductive RF accelerator cavities at high voltage gradients to characterize the quality of these components becomes more and more important for the commissioning of new accelerators (XFEL at DESY). The Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) based on high precision LTS SQUIDs is an excellent tool to solve these problems.

MOPME021	Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) of J-PARC 3-GeV RCS	electron, injection, acceleration, vacuum	515
	H. Harada, K. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan S. Kato Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan
	Ionization profile monitors (IPM) were installed in the 3-GeV RCS ring of J-PARC and used to observe the beam-profile for the transverse plane in beam commissioning. These electrodes and MCPs of IPMs were upgraded in 2012 summer shutdown in order to improve the external electric field for leading the electrons and ions to MCPs. This presentation will be described the results of observed beam profile in beam commissioning and be discussed the new issues for the ion and electron collection mode.

MOPME029	Multi-strip Current Monitor for Pulsed Laser Plasma Diagnostics	plasma, laser, rfq, target	538
	Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	A compact position-sensitive beam instrumentation devise is under development. The beam detection area of this devise is composed of multi-strip electrodes and scanned by multiplexers, which reduces the number of read-out lines and feed-through connectors. Combined with an electrostatic deflector and ToF information, this monitor can discriminate charge to mass ratios of particles. A prototype of this monitor is fabricated for measurement of ion distribution and charge state in laser induced plasma. This model has fifteen strip electrodes and the multiplexed signal and the clock signal are read out through two coaxial cables. Thus, only three cables are needed including a +5V power supply line. The test result will be presented.

MOPME035	Design of a Non-Intercepting Beam Diagnostic Device Using Neutral Beam Fluorescence Method	emittance, neutral-beams, diagnostics, target	547
	J. Zhao, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, T. Zhang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The forward neutral beam from deflecting magntic field carries some characteristic properties of high intensity particle beams, such as profile, emittance etc. Therefore a reliable measurement of neutral beam fluorescence can be used to develop a fast and non-interceptive beam diagnostic tool. A non-intercepting beam emittance (profile) monitor using neutral beam fluorescence method has being constructed at Peking University. As a performance test, an emttiance of an extracted proton beam from a permanent magnetic electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was successfully measured. The details of design and results of measurement will be presented in this paper.

MOPME059	R&D of a Beam Position Monitor for RISP	linac, impedance, heavy-ion, pick-up	607
	E.-S. Kim KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea A. Heo Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea H.K. Park CHEP, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	We have investigated on the R&D of stripline beam position monitor for the heavy-ion accelearator at Korea. We present the detailed design and fabrications on the beam position monitor in superconducting linac that the beam is accelerated to 200 MeV/u.

MOPME072	Performance Tests of a Short Faraday Cup Designed for HIE-ISOLDE	electron, diagnostics, cryomodule, cryogenics	646
	E.D. Cantero, W. Andreazza, E. Bravin, M.A. Fraser, D. Lanaia, A.G. Sosa, D. Voulot CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: E.D.C, D.L. and A.S. acknowledge CATHI Marie Curie ITN: EU-FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN Project number 264330. M.A.F acknowledges co-funding by the European Commission (Grant agreement PCOFUND-GA-2010-267194) The On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) facility at CERN is being upgraded in order to deliver higher energy and intensity radioactive beams. The final setup will consist in replacing the energy variable part of the normal conducting REX post-accelerator with superconducting cavities. In order to preserve the beam emittance, the drift space between the cryomodules housing these cavities has been kept to a minimum. As a consequence, the longitudinal space available for beam diagnostics is severely limited in the inter-cryomodule regions. A Faraday cup (FC) will be installed to measure beam currents, and due to the tight spatial constraints, its length is much smaller than usual. This poses a great challenge when trying to avoid the escape of ion-induced secondary electrons, which would falsify the current measurement. Two prototypes of such a short FC have therefore been tested at REX-ISOLDE using several beam intensities and energies, with the aim of determining its accuracy. In this paper the experimental results obtained for the two prototype cups are presented together with numerical calculations of the electrostatic fields that are produced inside the cup.

MOPWA001	Development of a High Precision Integrator for Analog Signals to Measure Magnetic Fields in Realtime	pick-up, synchrotron, controls, feedback	661
	E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	For the Magnetic Field Control of the synchrotron at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre the magnetic fields are measured with a pickup coil along the beam pipe. The induced pickup voltage, corresponding to changes in the magnetic field, has to be integrated in realtime to determine the actual field. A high precision integrator has been developed to measure fields with an accuracy of 4ppm over 10 seconds. This new integrator has a very low drift and calibrates during the measurement. It is the fastest and most accurate integrator for integrating analoge voltages in realtime.

MOPWA014	Research and Design of Digital Power Supply for HIRFL-RIBLL Corrector Magnet	power-supply, controls, feedback, secondary-beams	690
	Y.Z. Huang, Y.X. Chen, D.Q. Gao, J.B. Shangguan, R.K. Wang, H.H. Yan, Z.Z. Zhou IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	One digital power supply was designed for RIBLL (Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou) corrector magnet at HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou). Adopting two parallel connected IGBT full-bridges as the power circuit topology, the power supply can generate bipolar DC current when it runs in the fourquadrant working states, which well meets the requirements of corrector magnet. SOPC platform of Altera based on Nios II is chosen to design the digital power supply regulator. Employing FPGA as the control core and utilizing SOPC principles, the digital regulator is designed against special requirements of accelerator power supply. The test results indicate that performance of the power supply can meet the design requirements.

MOPWA038	Flashbox Compact Beam Spectrometer and its Application to the High-gradient Acceleration Study	electron, dipole, acceleration, accelerating-gradient	753
	A. Dubrovskiy, F. Tecker CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Jacewicz, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
	A Flashbox compact spectrometer has been developed for the Two-beam Test Stand (TBTS), which is a part of the CLIC test facility CTF3 at CERN. It is used to study limitations of high-gradient acceleration in X-band structures being prototyped in the TBTS. The Flashbox is built around the beam tube such that an electron beam can pass to be accelerated in the X-band structure while charged particles emitted from the accelerating structure can be intercepted on the spectrometer consisting of detector plates aligned along the beam axis in combination with magnetic and electric fields. The Flashbox has made it possible to identify electrons and ions emitted by the accelerating structure during RF breakdown. We describe the Flashbox and first results.

MOPWA049	Status Report of the FETS Photo Detachment Emittance Instrument at RAL	laser, emittance, diagnostics, dipole	783
	C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom P. Savage Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom V.E. Scarpine Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	The Front End Test Stand at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is being developed to demonstrate a chopped H⁻ beam of 60 mA at 3 MeV with 10% duty cycle. Due to the high beam power it is advisable to use the technique of photo detachment to avoid intrusive methods. It is intended to apply this technique to perform emittance measurements at the output of the RFQ at full power. This requires a dedicated diagnostics dipole with a special-made vacuum chamber giving room for the different beam paths necessary to install a particle detector to measure the produced neutrals. Other aspects are the beam transport and influence of the dipole and its fringe field to the beam transport Other considerations are the installation of the laser, the optics and the particle detector itself.

MOPWA062	Transverse Beam Halo Measurements at High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) using Vibrating Wire Monitor	target, proton, linac, ion-source	819
	M. Chung, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, V.D. Shiltsev, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, USA S. Artinian BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly, France S.G. Arutunian ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia
	Funding: Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. Measurement and control of transverse beam halo will be critical for the applications of future high-intensity hadron linacs. In particular, beam profile monitors require a very high dynamic range when using for transverse beam halo measurements. In this study, the Vibrating Wire Monitor (VWM) with aperture 60 mm was installed at the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) front-end to measure transverse beam halo. A vibrating wire is excited at its resonance frequency with the help of a magnetic feedback loop, and the vibrating and sensitive wires are connected through a balanced arm. The sensitive wire is moved into the beam halo region by a stepper motor controlled translational stage. We study the feasibility of the vibrating wire for transverse beam halo measurements in the low-energy front-end of the proton linac.

MOPWO006	Eigenmode Computation for the GSI SIS18 Ferrite Cavity	cavity, resonance, heavy-ion, synchrotron	894
	K. Klopfer, W. Ackermann, T. Weiland TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Supported by GSI At the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 is operated to further accelerate stable nuclei of elements with different atomic numbers. Two ferrite-loaded cavity resonators are installed within this ring. During the acceleration phase their resonance frequency has to be adjusted to the revolution frequency of the heavy-ions to reflect their increasing speed. To this end, dedicated biased ferrite-ring cores are installed inside the cavities for a broad frequency tuning. By properly choosing a suited bias current, the differential permeability of the ferrite material is modified, which finally enables to adjust the eigenfrequency of the resonator system. Consequently, the actual resonance frequency strongly depends on the magnetic properties of the ferrites. The goal of the current study is to numerically determine the lowest eigensolutions of the GSI SIS18 ferrite-loaded cavity. For this purpose, a new solver based on the Finite Integration Technique has been developed.

MOPWO009	Numerical Studies on the Impact of Ionized Residual Gas on an Electron Beam in an ERL	emittance, electron, simulation, linac	903
	G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany A. Meseck HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Supported by BMBF under contract number 05K10HRC Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) are the most promising candidates for next-generation light sources now under active development. An optimal performance of these machines requires the preservation of the high beam brightness generated in the injector. For this, the impact of the ionized residual gas on the beam has to be avoided as it causes instabilities and emittance growth. Typical measures to reduce the effect of ion clouds are clearing electrodes and clearing gaps in the bunch train. In this paper, we present numerical studies of the impact of ion clouds on the electron bunch train. The simulations are performed with the software package MOEVE PIC Tracking developed at Rostock University. ’The model for the bunch and the ion cloud takes into account a distribution of macro particles. The interaction of the bunch with the ion cloud is computed with a 3D space charge model. Hence, particle tracking allows for detailed studies of bunch characteristics such as the emittance. The presented numerical investigations take into account the parameters of the ERL BERLinPro with the objective to deduce appropriate measures for the design and operation of BERLinPro.

MOPWO014	Numerical Methods to the Space Charge Compensation (SCC) Effect of the LEBT Beam	electron, space-charge, simulation, ion-source	915
	S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, Y.T. Luo, H.T. Ren, Z.H. Wang, Y. Xu, T. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Numerical simulation as well as experimental researches on space charge compensation for high intensity, low energy ion beam has been done at Peking University (PKU). In this paper we will describe the simulation model proposed at PKU and use it on the PKU ECR single-charged ion source. It consists of a new concept of equivalent density and more consideration of physical process. A series of arithmetical equations is gained through theoretical derivation. Although no numerical solutions have been carried out from our computation, it is foreseeable that the final result will be achieved soon.

MOPWO028	Recent Developments and Future Plans for SixTrack	simulation, collimation, HOM, multipole	948
	R. De Maria, R. Bruce, R. Calaga, L. Deniau, M. Fjellstrom, M. Giovannozzi, L. Lari, Y.I. Levinsen, E. McIntosh, A. Mereghetti, D. Pastor Sinuela, S. Redaelli, H. Renshall, A. Rossi, F. Schmidt, R. Tomás, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Appleby, D.R. Brett UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom D. Banfi, J. Barranco EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland B. Dalena CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France L. Lari IFIC, Valencia, Spain V. Previtali Fermilab, Batavia, USA G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: The HiLumi LHC Design Study is included in the HL-LHC project and is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404. SixTrack is a symplectic 6D tracking code routinely used to simulate single particle trajectories in high energy circular machines like the LHC and RHIC. The paper presents the developments recently implemented and those foreseen for extending the physics models: exact Hamiltonian, different ions and charge states, RF multipoles, non-linear fringe fields, Taylor maps, e-lenses, ion scattering. Moreover new functionalities are also added like variable number of tracked particles, time dependent strengths, GPU computations with a refactoring of the core structure. The developments will benefit studies on the LHC and SPS, for collimation efficiency, ion operations, failure scenarios and HL-LHC design.

MOPWO071	Coherent Electron Cooling: Status of Single-Pass Simulations	electron, simulation, FEL, bunching	1049
	B.T. Schwartz, G.I. Bell, I.V. Pogorelov, S.D. Webb Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA D.L. Bruhwiler CIPS, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y. Hao, V. Litvinenko, G. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S. Reiche PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Funding: US DOE Office of Science. Contracts DE-FC02-07ER41499, DE-FG02-08ER85182, DE-AC02-05CH11231. Advances in nuclear physics depend on experiments that employ relativistic hadron accelerators with dramatically increased luminosity. Current methods of increasing hadron beam luminosity include stochastic cooling and electron cooling; however, these approaches face serious difficulties at the high intensities and high energies proposed for eRHIC . Coherent electron cooling promises to cool hadron beams at a much faster rate. A single pass of an ion through a coherent electron cooler involves the ion's modulating the charge density of a copropagating electron beam, amplification of the modulated electron beam in a free-electron laser, and energy correction of the ion in the kicker section. Numerical simulations of these three components are underway, using the parallel Vorpal framework and Genesis 1.3, with careful coupling between the two codes. Here we present validations of two components of the simulations: Adding bunching to an electron beam at the start of an FEL, and the time-dependent charge density modulation in the kicker. http://www.bnl.gov/cad/eRHIC/ ** V.N. Litvinenko and Y.S. Derbenev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 114801 (2009).

MOPWO077	Design of the Proposed Low Energy Ion Collider Ring at Jefferson Lab	booster, collider, electron, interaction-region	1058
	E.W. Nissen, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. The polarized Medium energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) envisioned at Jefferson Lab will cover a range of center-of-mass energies up to 65 GeV. The present MEIC design could also allow the accommodation of low energy electron-ion collisions (LEIC) for additional science reach. This paper presents the first design of the low energy ion collider ring which is converted from the large ion booster of MEIC. It can reach up to 25 GeV energy for protons and equivalent ion energies of the same magnetic rigidity. An interaction region and an electron cooler designed for MEIC are integrated into the low energy collider ring, in addition to other required new elements including crab cavities and ion spin rotators, for later reuse in MEIC itself. A pair of vertical chicanes which brings the low energy ion beams to the plane of the electron ring and back to the low energy ion ring are also part of the design.

MOPWO078	A Harmonic Kicker Scheme for the Circulator Cooler Ring in the Medium Energy Electron-ion Collider	kicker, electron, collider, FEL	1061
	E.W. Nissen, A. Hutton, A.J. Kimber JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. The current electron cooler design for the proposed Medium Energy Electron-Ion collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab utilizes a circulator ring for reuse of the cooling electron bunch up to 100 times to cool the ion beams. This cooler requires a fast kicker system for injecting and extracting individual bunches in the circulator ring. Such a kicker must work at a high repetition rate, up to 7.5 to 75 MHz depending on the number of turns in the recirculator ring. It also must have a very short rise and fall time (of order of 1 ns) such that it will kick an individual bunch without disturbing the others in the ring. Both requirements are orders of magnitude beyond the present state-of-the-art as well as the goals of other on-going kicker R&D programs such as that for the ILC damping rings. In this paper we report a scheme of creating this fast, high repetition rate kicker by combining RF waveforms at multiple frequencies to create a kicker waveform that will, for example, kick every eleventh bunch while leaving the other ten unperturbed. We also present a possible implementation of this scheme as well as discuss its limitations.

MOPWO081	The Scheme of Beam Synchronization in MEIC	electron, collider, proton, SRF	1067
	Y. Zhang, Y.S. Derbenev, A. Hutton JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. Synchronizing colliding beams at single or multiple collision points is a critical R&D issue in the design of a medium energy electron-ion collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab. The path-length variation due to changes in the ion energy, which varies over 20 to 100 GeV, could be more than several times the bunch spacing. The scheme adopted in the present MEIC baseline is centered on varying the number of bunches (i.e., harmonic number) stored in the collider ring. This could provide a set of discrete energies for proton or ions such that the beam synchronization condition is satisfied. To cover the ion energy between these synchronized values, we further propose to vary simultaneously the electron ring circumference and the frequency of the RF systems in both collider rings. We also present in this paper the requirement of frequency tunability of SRF cavities to support the scheme.

MOPWO083	LEIC - A Polarized Low Energy Electron-ion Collider at Jefferson Lab	electron, collider, booster, proton	1070
	Y. Zhang, Y.S. Derbenev, A. Hutton, G.A. Krafft, R. Li, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, E.W. Nissen, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, S. Wang, B.C. Yunn, H. Zhang JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.K. Sullivan SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. A polarized electron-ion collider is envisioned as the future nuclear science program at JLab beyond the 12 GeV CEBAF. Presently, a medium energy collider (MEIC) is set as an immediate goal with options for a future energy upgrade. A comprehensive design report for MEIC has been released recently. The MEIC facility could also accommodate electron and proton/ion collisions in a low CM energy range, covering proton energies from 10 to 25 GeV and ion energies with a similar magnetic rigidity, for additional science reach. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of this low energy collider, LEIC, showing its luminosity can reach above 10³³ cm^-2s⁻¹. The design specifies that the large booster of the MEIC is converted to a low energy ion collider ring with an interaction region and an electron cooler integrated into it. The design provides options for either sharing the detector with the MEIC or a dedicated low energy detector in a third collision point, with advantages of either a minimum cost or extra detection parallel to the MEIC operation, respectively. The LEIC could be positioned as the first and low cost phase of a multi-stage approach to realize the full MEIC.

TUXB101	Status of the FAIR Facility	antiproton, target, heavy-ion, storage-ring	1085
	O.K. Kester GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The unique facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR will deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. In addition, the beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for a cutting edge physics program. Therefore a unique accelerator facility using cutting edge technology will be built until 2018. The challenges are heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, antiproton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Here new kind of superconducting magnets, rf-systems, injection and extraction systems and beam diagnostics will be applied. As the construction of the FAIR facility and procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements status and infrastructure preparation will be provided.
	Slides TUXB101 [9.587 MB]

TUOAB101	Installation and Commissioning of the 1.1 MW Deuteron Prototype Linac for IFMIF	neutron, rfq, linac, proton	1090
	J. Knaster IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan P. Cara, A. Mosnier Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany S. Chel CEA/DSM/IRFU, France J. Molla CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain H. Suzuki Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC), Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
	IFMIF, the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility, will learn the degradation of the mechanical properties of purpose designed reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steels under bombardment of 14 MeV neutrons at 10¹⁸ n/m²s flux reaching values of 150 displacements per atom in the steel lattice. The understanding of the impact of Deuterium-Tritium fusion neutrons in next decade is essential to design and construct a fusion power plant; the next step after ITER. The 14 MeV neutrons are stripped from a liquid Li screen flowing at 15 m/s impacted by 2 parallel 125 mA deuteron beam at 40 MeV. IFMIF project, in its engineering validation phase, will operate in Rokkasho a 125 mA deuteron LINAC at 9 MeV that will validate the concept of IFMIF accelerator, LIPAc. The ion source will inject 140 mA deuterons at 100 KeV in a normal-conducting RFQ that will deliver the bunched beam at 5MeV to be accelerated up to 9 MeV thanks to 8 half-wave superconducting resonators. The installation and commissioning of LIPAc in Rokkasho (Japan) is sequential and the first stage is starting now; the strategy to overcome potential difficulties is detailed.
	Slides TUOAB101 [2.396 MB]

TUOAB102	Project X Injector Experiment: Goals, Plan and Status	kicker, rfq, cryomodule, solenoid	1093
	A.V. Shemyakin, S.D. Holmes, D.E. Johnson, M. Kaducak, R.D. Kephart, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, S. Nagaitsev, N. Solyak, R.P. Stanek, V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, USA D. Li LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No.DE-AC02-07CH11359 A multi-MW proton facility, Project X, has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. We are carrying out a program of research and development aimed at integrated systems testing of critical components comprising the front end of the Project X. This program is being undertaken as a key component of the larger Project X R&D program. The successful completion of this program will validate the concept for the Project X front end, thereby minimizing a primary technical risk element within Project X. Integrated systems testing, known as the Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE), will be accomplished with a new test facility under construction at Fermilab and will be completed over the period FY12- 17. PXIE will include an H⁻ ion source, a CW 2.1-MeV RFQ and two superconductive RF (SRF) cryomodules providing up to 25 MeV energy gain at an average beam current of 1 mA (upgradable to 2 mA). Successful systems testing will also demonstrate the viability of novel front end technologies that are expected find applications beyond Project X.
	Slides TUOAB102 [1.615 MB]

TUPEA016	Relativistic Theory for Laser-ion Acceleration	acceleration, electron, plasma, laser	1193
	Y.S. Huang, Y.J. Shi, X.Z. Tang, N.Y. Wang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: The Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research (973 Program) under contract No. 2011CB808104 and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation under contract No. 11105233. An analytical relativistic model is proposed to describe the relativistic ion acceleration in the interaction of ultra-intense laser pulses with thin-foil plasmas. It is found that there is a critical value of the ion momentum to make sure that the ions are trapped by the light sail and accelerated in the radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) region. If the initial ion momentum is smaller than the critical value, that is in the classical case of RPA, the potential has a deep well and traps the ions to be accelerated. There is a new ion acceleration region different from RPA, called ultra-relativistic acceleration, if the ion momentum exceeds the critical value. In this case, ions will experience a potential downhill. The dependence of the ion momentum and the self-similar variable at the ion front on the acceleration time has been obtained. The critical conditions of the laser and plasma parameters which identify the two acceleration modes have been achieved. No matter RPA or ultra-relativistic acceleration, the potential difference is a constant, which dedicates the maximum ion energy.

TUPEA062	Advanced Gabor Lens Lattice for Medical Applications	laser, proton, space-charge, focusing	1277
	J.K. Pozimski, M. Aslaninejad, P.A. Posocco Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	The widespread introduction of Hadron therapy for cancer treatment is inhibited by the large costs for the accelerator and treatment facility and the subsequent maintenance costs which reflects into the cost per treatment. In the long term future (laser) plasma wakefield accelerated hadrons could offer compact treatment devices with significantly reduced treatment costs. In the moment the particle distributions produced by such accelerators do not fulfill the medical requirements. Beside the reliable production of a sufficient number of ions at the required energy the formation of a particle beam suitable for treatment from the burst of ions created in the acceleration process is one of the major challenges. While conventional optical systems will be operating at the technical limits which would be contradictory to the cost argument, space charge lenses of the Gabor type might be a cost effective alternative. An advanced beam line consisting of Gabor lenses, a few cavities and an dipole will be presented together with results from particle transport simulations.

TUPFI009	NICA project at JINR	collider, booster, luminosity, heavy-ion	1343
	G.V. Trubnikov, N.N. Agapov, E.D. Donets, V.V. Fimushkin, E.V. Gorbachev, A. Govorov, E.V. Ivanov, V. Karpinsky, V.D. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, A.D. Kovalenko, K.A. Levterov, V.A. Matveev, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhailov, V. Monchinsky, S. Romanov, N. Shurkhno, A.O. Sidorin, V. Slepnev, A.V. Smirnov, A. Sorin, N.D. Topilin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, A.V. Eliseev, O.S. Kozlov, A.V. Philippov, N.V. Semin, A. Tuzikov, V. Volkov JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
	The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is a new accelerator complex being constructed at JINR aimed to provide the collider experiments with ion-ion (Au⁷⁹⁺) and ion-proton collisions at the energy range of 1-4.5 GeV/n and also the collisions of polarized proton-proton and deuteron-deuteron beams. Progress in the project realization is reported.

TUPFI014	HLLHCV1.0: HL-LHC Layout and Optics Models for 150 mm Nb3Sn Triplets and Local Crab-cavities	optics, quadrupole, injection, sextupole	1358
	R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.V. Bogomyagkov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia M. Korostelev The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: The HiLumi LHC Design Study is included in the HL-LHC project and is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404. The paper presents the latest layout and optics models for the HL-LHC upgrade project. As an evolution from the previous version SLHCV3.1b, it integrates the new Nb3Sn triplet (140T/m, 150mm) with all the additional magnets needed to be compatible with a β^* reach of 15cm and beyond. The collision optics implements the ATS* scheme which is able to provide very low value of β^* and at the same time warrants outstanding control of the chromatic aberrations within the strength limits of the existing arc sextupole scheme of the LHC. The optics models include the injection and collision optics for proton and ion operations foreseen for the HL-LHC, with improved squeeze-ability of the existing IR2 and IR8 insertions, and all the corresponding optic transitions. An aperture model and a series of optics matched in thin lenses complete the needs for a large range of dedicated beam dynamic studies (dynamic aperture, beam-beam effects, collimation). * S. Fartoukh, ‘’An Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme for LHC Upgrade’’, in proceedings of IPAC11, p. 2088.

TUPFI025	Bunch-by-Bunch Analysis of the LHC Heavy-Ion Luminosity	luminosity, injection, emittance, simulation	1391
	M. Schaumann, J.M. Jowett CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	After the first run in 2010, the LHC continued its heavy-ion operation with collisions of lead nuclei in late 2011. The beam dynamics of those high intensity lead beams are strongly influenced by intra-beam scattering (IBS), especially on the injection plateau. Each batch injected from the SPS spends a different time at injection, introducing significant changes from batch to batch. Within the batches there is an even larger spread imprinted by the SPS injection plateau. This results in a spread of the luminosity produced in each bunch crossing. The particle losses during collisions are dominated by nuclear electromagnetic processes, leading to a non-exponential intensity decay during the fill and short luminosity lifetime at 3.5 Z TeV. The luminosity, emittance, intensity and bunch length evolution of the 2011 run was analysed bunch-by-bunch and compared with simulations. Based on this analysis, estimates of the potential luminosity performance at 6.5 Z TeV, after the present shutdown, are given.

TUPFI030	LHC Machine Developments in 2011-12	optics, luminosity, collimation, octupole	1406
	G. Papotti, R.W. Aßmann, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In 2011 and 2012 LHC machine development (MD) sessions were performed during dedicated slots of beam time. These MD studies were scheduled and planned well in advance. Study topics reflected the previously agreed priorities, such as further optimizing machine performance, exploring beam parameters beyond design targets, assessing machine limitations, testing new concepts and machine settings, preparing future LHC running in view of the 2013/14 LHC shutdown and the re-commissioning of the LHC at nominal beam energy in 2014/15. We describe the planning, preparation, execution, review, and documentation of these LHC beam studies and highlight some key results.

TUPFI053	Transient Beam Loading Effects in Gas-filled RF Cavities for a Muon Collider	cavity, plasma, beam-loading, electron	1463
	M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, USA B.T. Freemire IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. A gas-filled RF cavity can be an effective solution for the development of a compact muon ionization cooling channel. One possible problem expected in this type of cavity is the dissipation of significant RF power through the beam-induced plasmas accumulated inside the cavity (plasma loading). In addition, for the higher muon beam intensity, the effects of the beam itself on the cavity fields in the accelerating mode are non-negligible (beam loading). These beam-cavity interactions induce a transient phase which may be very harmful to the beam quality. In this study, we estimate the transient voltage in a gas-filled RF cavity with both the plasma and conventional beam loading and discuss their compensation methods.

TUPFI058	Simulation of Beam-induced Gas Plasma in High Gradient RF Field for Muon Colliders	electron, simulation, plasma, electromagnetic-fields	1478
	K. Yonehara, M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup Fermilab, Batavia, USA B.T. Freemire IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts Muons. Inc., USA R.D. Ryne LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA V. Samulyak BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K. Yu SBU, Stony Brook, USA
	There is a strong limit of available RF gradient in a vacuum RF cavity under magnetic fields because the magnetic field enhances a dark current density due to electron focusing and increases probability of an electric breakdown. This limits the cooling performance. A dense hydrogen gas filled RF cavity can break this limit because the gas acts as a buffer of dark current. However, RF power loading due to a beam-induced plasma in a dense gas filled RF cavity (plasma loading effect) is crucial to design the practical cavity. Experiment shows that the plasma loading can be mitigated in denser hydrogen gas and by doping a small amount of electronegative gas in the cavity. A complicate plasma chemical reaction should be dominated in such a dense hydrogen gas condition. A beam-induced plasma is simulated by taking into account the plasma chemistry to reproduce the condition by using the supercomputer at LBNL. We will also investigate the space charge effect in a dense gas in this effort.

TUPFI059	Summary of Dense Hydrogen Gas Filled RF Cavity Tests for Muon Acceleration	proton, electron, plasma, photon	1481
	K. Yonehara, M. Chung, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, A.V. Tollestrup Fermilab, Batavia, USA B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA R.P. Johnson Muons. Inc., USA
	Dense hydrogen gas filled RF cavity has a great potential to accelerate a large phase space muon beam in a strong magnetic field. The concept of novel RF cavity has been demonstrated by using an intense proton beam at Fermilab. The experimental result was agreed extremely well with the conventional dilute plasma physic. Based on the model, the beam-induced plasma in the gas filled RF cavity could be controlled by adding a small amount of electronegative gas in dense hydrogen gas. Overview of these experiments will be shown in this presentation.

TUPFI064	Beam Induced Plasma Dynamics in a High Pressure Gas-Filled RF Test Cell for use in a Muon Cooling Channel	electron, cavity, plasma, proton	1496
	B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA M. Chung, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, USA M.G. Collura Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy R.P. Johnson Muons. Inc., USA
	Filling an RF cavity with a high pressure gas prevents breakdown when the cavity is place in a multi-Tesla external magnetic field. The choice of hydrogen gas provides the additional benefit of cooling a beam of muons. A beam of particles traversing the cavity, be it muons or protons, ionizes the gas, creating an electron-ion plasma which absorbs energy from the cavity. The ionization rate can be calculated from a beam intensity measurement. Energy loss measurements indicate the loading per RF cycle per electron-ion pair range from 10^-18 to 10^-16 Joules in pure hydrogen, and 10^-20 to 10^-18 Joules when hydrogen is doped with dry air. The addition of an electronegative gas (oxygen) has been observed to reduce the lifetime of ionization electrons in the cavity to below 1 nanosecond. Additionally, the recombination rate of electrons and hydrogen ions has been measured to be on the order of 10^-6 cubic centimeters per second. The recombination mechanism and hydrogen ion species, along with the three-body attachment process of electrons to oxygen, will be discussed.

TUPFI076	First RHIC Collider Test Operation at 2.5GeV Beam Energy	multipole, dipole, injection, luminosity	1523
	C. Montag, L. A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. To search for the critical point in the QCD phase diagram, RHIC needs to operate at a set of low gold beam energies between 2.5 and 20 GeV per nucleon. During run 12, first successful collider operation at the lowest energy of 2.5 GeV per nucleon was achieved. We present the challenges and achieved results, and discuss possible future upgrades and improvements.

TUPFI078	Measurement of the Total Cross Section of Uranium-uranium Collisions at a Center-of-mass Energy of 192.8 GeV per Nucleon-pair	beam-losses, luminosity, scattering, emittance	1529
	W. Fischer, A.J. Baltz, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Drees, D.M. Gassner, Y. Luo, M.G. Minty, P. Thieberger, M. Wilinski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA I.A. Pshenichnov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Heavy ion cross sections totaling several hundred barns have been calculated previously for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These total cross sections are more than an order of magnitude larger than the geometric ion-ion cross sections, primarily due to Bound-Free Pair Production (BFPP) and Electro-Magnetic Dissociation (EMD). Apart from a general interest in verifying the calculations experimentally, an accurate prediction of the losses created in the heavy ion collisions is of practical interest for the LHC, where some collision products are lost in cryogenically cooled magnets and have the potential to quench these magnets. In the 2012 RHIC run uranium ions collided with each other at a center-of-mass energy of 192.8 GeV per nucleon-pair with nearly all beam losses due to collisions. This allows for the measurement of the total cross section and a comparison with calculations.

TUPFI081	Progress with Coherent Electron Cooling Proof-Of-Principle Experiment	cavity, electron, gun, undulator	1535
	I. Pinayev, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, K.A. Brown, J.C. Brutus, L. DeSanto, A. Elizarov, C. Folz, D.M. Gassner, Y. Hao, R.L. Hulsart, Y.C. Jing, D. Kayran, R.F. Lambiase, V. Litvinenko, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, W. Meng, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, P. Orfin, A. Pendzick, F. Randazzo, T. Rao, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, B. Sheehy, J. Skaritka, K.S. Smith, L. Snydstrup, R. Than, R.J. Todd, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, D. Weiss, M. Wilinski, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA G.I. Bell, J.R. Cary, K. Paul, B.T. Schwartz, S.D. Webb Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA C.H. Boulware, T.L. Grimm, R. Jecks, N. Miller Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA M.A. Kholopov, P. Vobly BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia M. Poelker JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	We conduct proof-of-the-principle experiment of coherent electron cooling (CEC), which has a potential to significantly boost luminosity of high-energy, high-intensity hadron colliders. In this paper, we present the progress with experimental equipment including the first tests of the electron gun and the magnetic measurements of the wiggler prototype. We describe current design status as well as near future plans.

TUPFI082	RHIC Performance for FY2012 Heavy Ion Run	luminosity, booster, feedback, heavy-ion	1538
	Y. Luo, J.G. Alessi, M. Bai, E.N. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, A.I. Pikin, P.H. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In the 2012 RHIC heavy ion run, we collided 96.4~GeV U-U ions and 100~GeV Cu-Au ions for the first time in RHIC. The new pre-injector with the electron-beam ion source (EBIS) was used to provide ions for RHIC ion collisions for the first time. By adding the horizontal cooling, the powerful 3-D stochastic cooling largely enhanced the luminosity. With the double bunch merging in the Booster and AGS, the bunch intensities of Cu and Au ions in RHIC surpassed their projections. Both PHENIX and STAR detectors reached their integrated luminosity goals for the U-U and Cu-Au collisions. In this article we review the machine improvement and performance in this run.

TUPME046	Performance of SPS Low Transition Energy Optics for LHC Ion Beams	optics, emittance, scattering, space-charge	1667
	F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, D. Manglunki, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	An optics with low transition energy has been developed in the SPS for removing intensity limitations of the LHC proton beam and has become operational towards the second part of the 2012 LHC proton run. This optics was also used for filling the LHC with lead ions during the p/Pb run of the beginning of 2013. The impact of this optics in the performance of the LHC ion beam is studied here, especially with respect to collective effects, at the SPS injection energy. In particular, the potential gain of the increased beam sizes provided by this optics, with respect to losses and emittance blow up due to space-charge and Intrabeam Scattering (IBS) is evaluated. The measured lifetime is compared with the one provided by the Touschek effect and its interplay with RF noise is studied. The models are supported by measurements in the SPS and in the LHC flat bottom.

TUPWA065	Design Issues of Low Energy Beam Transport	solenoid, focusing, space-charge, emittance	1853
	Y.K. Batygin LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Low energy beam transport (LEBT) is an important element of ion accelerator facilities to provide beam matching between ion source and accelerator structure, perform required beam diagnostics measurements, dispose extra particle components, and create necessary time structure of the beam. Most of existing ion LEBT are based on solenoid focusing. Design criteria for ion LEBT with magnetostatic focusing are discussed. Dynamics in LEBT is optimized in terms of maximizing acceptance of the channel and transported beam current, and minimizing spherical aberrations in solenoids and space charge induced beam emittance growth.

TUPWA066	Space Charge Neutralization of Low Energy H⁻ Beam	emittance, space-charge, simulation, ion-source	1856
	Y.K. Batygin, I.N. Draganić, C.M. Fortgang, G. Rouleau LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	LANSCE Ion Source Test Stand is used for systematic study of H⁻ source performance and details of low energy beam transport. It includes cesiated, multicusp-field, surface production H⁻ ion source, focusing solenoids, slit-collector emittance stations, 4.5o bending magnet, and electrostatic deflector. Series of experiments were performed to measure space charge neutralization of low energy H⁻ beam. Measurements were done for 80 keV and 35 keV H⁻ beams at various pressure of residual gas. Results of measurements are compared with results of beam dynamics simulations to determine level of space charge neutralization. Applicability of theoretical models of beam neutralization is discussed.

TUPWA074	Studies of Ion Beam Instabilities for Low Energy RHIC Operations with Electron Cooling	electron, simulation, impedance, emittance	1871
	G. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, V. Litvinenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Electron cooling has the potential to compensate the emittance growth of the circulating ion beam due to intra-beam scattering at low energy. A test of electron cooling for RHIC low energy operations has been planned at IP2. Apart from the wakefield from the environment, the coherent interaction between the electron beam and ion beam could also play a role for the instability threshold. This work presents studies of ion beam stabilities in presence of coherent electron-ion interactions for the planned low energy RHIC electron-cooling test using the simulation code TRANFT.

TUPWO024	The Study of a Calculation Method for Measurement of Diagnostic Neutral Beam Property	plasma, neutral-beams, extraction, target	1934
	L.Z. Liang, C.D. Hu, J.L. Wei ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11075183. Considering the beam divergence and the convergence of the spherical electrode, the beam transmission model is presented, and the variation of beam edge is described by a formula, which is used to calculate the beam divergence half-angle with the experimental data obtained by the thermocouples. Assuming the beam divergence half-angle is constant in space and time, the beam profile distribution formula and variation of beam axial intensity are introduced. Taking the HT-7 Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB) as a reference, the divergence half-angle is calculated for the neutral beam shot 60901. The 1/e half-width of beam at collimation target calculated by formula is in agreement with that of experimental data. Variation of beam edge and axial intensity with downstream distance is estimated for HT-7 diagnostic neutral beam.

TUPWO037	Design Study of the Low Energy Beam Transport System at RISP	rfq, solenoid, emittance, beam-transport	1955
	E.-S. Kim KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea J. Bahng Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	We present the design status of LEBT for the RISP that consists of two 90 degree dipoles, a multi-harmonic buncher, pair solenoids, electrostatic quadrupoles and a high voltage platform. After ECR-IS with an energy of 10 keV/u, heavy-ion beams are selected by achromatic bending systems and then be bunched in the LEBT. A multi-harmonic buncher is used to achieve a small longitudinal emittance in the RFQ. We show the results on the optics design by using the TRANSPORT code and the beam tracking of two-charge beams by using the code IMPACT. We present the results and issues on beam dynamics simulaitons in the designed LEBT system.

TUPWO040	Asymmetric Energy Colliding Ion Beams in the EDM Storage Ring	storage-ring, proton, dipole, controls	1961
	I. Koop BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	A possibility to bent equally two counter rotating ion beams by the crossed electric and magnetic fields is investigated. The first beam is polarized and its spin precession is adjusted to be synchronous with the velocity vector precession (a frozen spin method). The counter rotating unpolarized ion beam travels along the same orbit but with different velocity. Sensitive SQUID-type BPMs measure the vertical orbit difference of two beams. Later on this information is used to distinguish the EDM signal from the magnetic moment precession. Application of this approach to search of the EDM for proton, deuteron and helion is discussed.

TUPWO051	Geometry and Optics of the Electrostatic ELENA Transfer Lines	optics, extraction, quadrupole, proton	1985
	G. Vanbavinckhove, W. Bartmann, F. Butin, O. Choisnet CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R.A. Baartman TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada D. Barna, H. Yamada University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
	The future ELENA ring at CERN will decelerate the AD antiproton beam further from 5.3 MeV to 100 keV kinetic energy, to increase the efficiency of antiproton trapping. At present there are four experimental areas in the AD hall which will be complemented with the installation of ELENA by additional three experiments and an additional source for commissioning. This paper describes the optimisation of the transfer line geometry, ring rotation and source position. The optics of the transfer lines and error studies to define field and alignment tolerances are shown, and the optics particularities of electrostatic elements and their optimisation highlighted.

WEYB101	Power Upgrade of J-PARC Linac	rfq, linac, ion-source, cavity	2047
	H. Oguri JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	A linac power upgrade program is now in progress after a successful recovery from the earthquake disaster. The power upgrade includes an ion source, an RFQ and a 400 MeV Annular-ring Coupled Structure (ACS) linac. We started a full-scale development of a cesium seeded RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source. The ion source extracted the beam of more than 60 mA with a duty factor of 2.5 %, which is satisfied with the requirement of the program. A new RFQ for 50 mA acceleration is under construction on the basis of a RFQ fabrication process, which was built as a backup for the present RFQ. Mass production of the ACS modules have almost completed. There is a plan to install these components and schedule the beam test in 2013. This presentation will cover the power upgrade status of the J-PARC linac.
	Slides WEYB101 [4.205 MB]

WEOBB102	Design Integration of the FRIB Driver Linac	linac, cryomodule, solenoid, SRF	2055
	Y. Zhang, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, C.P. Chu, A. Facco, P.E. Gibson, Z.Q. He, K. Holland, M. Leitner, Z. Liu, F. Marti, D. Morris, S. Peng, E. Pozdeyev, T. Russo, J. Wei, Y. Yamazaki, Z. Zheng FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 FRIB driver linac will deliver all stable heavy ion beams with beam energy more than 200 MeV/u, and beam power on target up to 400 kW. As the first SRF linac for high power heavy ion beams, there are many technical challenges, and integration of all the accelerator components is important. In this paper, major issues on integration of the FRIB drive linac are introduced and the corresponding studies are discussed, which include developments of accelerator online model, minimize uncontrolled beam loss in the SRF linac for high power heavy ion beams, beam diagnostic systems for beam tuning and for machine protection system (MPS), secondary collimators for charge selection of multi charge state ion beams, beam loading and stability of LLRF control, proper degauss process with superconducting (SC) solenoids when combined with SC dipole correctors, vacuum system, cryogenic and distribution system, helium pressure drop and stability of the cryomodules.
	Slides WEOBB102 [3.557 MB]

WEXB201	Intense Highly Charged Heavy Ion Beam Production	ion-source, electron, plasma, heavy-ion	2077
	T. Nakagawa RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama, Japan
	With increase of applications of heavy ions in the various fields, production of intense beam of highly charged heavy ions form the ion sources become more and more important. For example, ion sources are required to produce intense dc beams of the highly charged heavy ions for the accelerator facilities of radio isotope beam production and the intense short pulsed beams for injection into synchrotrons. Additionally, in these applications, the ion sources face several important matters to be improved for meeting the requirements, such as source lifetime, reliability, current stability, and beam emittance. For these purposes, several high performance ion sources, which include ECR ion sources, electron beam ion sources and laser ion sources, for production of the intense beam (dc and pulsed) of highly charged heavy ions have been constructed and achieved remarkable breakthrough in the past decade. In this contribution, state-of-the-art ion sources for production of intense highly charged heavy ion beams are reviewed. Future perspective is also discussed.
	Slides WEXB201 [4.395 MB]

WEOAB201	Intense Beam Ion Sources Development at IMP	ion-source, ECR, heavy-ion, proton	2082
	L.T. Sun, Y. Cao, Y.C. Feng, J.Y. Li, Z.W. Liu, W. Lu, Q. Wu, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, Z.M. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China D. Xie LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	To satisfy the HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) accelerators’ requirement and the needs of several other future accelerator facilities, many high beam intensity ion sources have been developed at IMP. The ion sources include intense high charge state ion beam ECR ion sources and high intensity proton beam ECR or microwave sources. This paper will review the high charge state ion sources developed at IMP, especially the recently built fully superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL, and the other classical ion sources and all permanent magnet ion sources will also be discussed. The latest performance of the recently built intense proton ion source which can operate continuously at more than 65emA beam (after LEBT) and 50kV source high voltage for more than 150 hours with very few HV spark intervals will be especially presented in this paper.
	Slides WEOAB201 [3.381 MB]

WEIB201	Industrial Accelerators	electron, neutron, radiation, linac	2100
	R.W. Hamm, M.E. Hamm R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA
	Particle accelerators, originally developed for basic science research, are increasingly being employed for industrial applications, with the production of these systems itself a worldwide business conducted by more than 70 companies and institutes. Collectively these entities ship more than 1000 systems per year. The industrial applications of these accelerators cover a broad range of business segments from low energy electron beam systems for welding, machining, and product irradiation to high energy cyclotrons and synchrotrons for radioisotope production and synchrotron radiation production. This talk is a review of these business segments and their impact on our lives and the economy. It will also cover new accelerator technology under development that will be used by industry in the future and the predicted growth in the various business segments.
	Slides WEIB201 [3.937 MB]

WEPWO044	RF Characterization of Niobium Films for Superconducting Cavities	niobium, target, quadrupole, plasma	2399
	S. Aull, S. Calatroni, S. Döbert, T. Junginger, G. Terenziani CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Aull University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany A.P. Ehiasarian, G. Terenziani Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom J. Knobloch HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the Wolfgang-Gentner-Programme of the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) The surface resistance RS of superconductors shows a complex dependence on the external parameters such as temperature, frequency or radio-frequency (RF) field. The excited modes of 400, 800 and 1200 MHz allow measurements at actual operating frequencies of superconducting cavities. Niobium films on copper substrates have several advantages over bulk niobium cavities. HiPIMS (High-power impulse magnetron sputtering) is a promising technique to increase the quality and therefore the performance of niobium films. This contribution will introduce CERNs recently developed HiPIMS coating apparatus. Moreover, first results of niobium coated copper samples will be presented, revealing the dominant loss mechanisms.

WEPWO077	Rf System Requirements for JLab’s MEIC Collider Ring	cavity, electron, impedance, SRF	2477
	S. Wang, R. Li, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, Y. Zhang JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The Medium-energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC), proposed by Jefferson Lab, consists of a series of accelerators [1]. At the top energy are the electron and ion collider rings. For the ion ring, it accelerates five long ion bunches to colliding energy and rebunches ions into a train of very short bunches before colliding. A set of low frequency RF system is needed for the long ion bunch energy ramping. Another set of high frequency RF cavities is needed to rebunch ions. For the electron ring, superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are needed to compensate the synchrotron radiation energy loss. The impedance of the SRF cavities must be low enough to keep the high current electron beam stable. The preliminary design requirements of these RF cavities are presented. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.

WEPEA029	The SHER-HIAF Ring Lattice Design	injection, quadrupole, kicker, lattice	2561
	X. Gao, W.P. Chai, G.D. Shen, J. Shi, J.W. Xia, J.C. Yang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Super Heavy Experimental Ring (SHER) is one of the rings of the next accelerator complex High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at IMP[4]. Here, present ideas of the lattice design for the operation of the large acceptance ring are presented. The SHER ring has to be optimized for e-cooling and the lattice is designed for different modes. First of all, it is designed in the so called isochronous mode as time-of-flight mass spectrometer for short-lived secondary nuclei. Secondly, SHER can also be used to be a storage ring for collecting and cooling the secondary rare isotope beams from the transport line. In order to fulfill it's purpose, the ion optics can be set to different ion optical modes

WEPEA032	Estimation and Correction of the Uncontrolled Beam Loss due to the Alignment Error in the Low-energy Linear Accelerator of RAON	alignment, linac, quadrupole, cavity	2570
	J.G. Hwang, E.-S. Kim Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea D. Jeon, H.J. Kim IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	RAON(Rare isotope Accelerator Of Newness) mainly consists of the front-end system, ISOL system , re-accelerator for ISOL system, charge stripper section and main linear accelerator(Linac) for ECR ion source. Since the beam energy at the down-stream of the front-end system is low, 0.3~0.5 MeV/u, the trajectories of the beam is very sensitive the alignment error of the magnets and cavities at the entrance of the main Linac. It can be caused the uncontrolled beam loss due to the large amplitude of the trajectory. The effect of the alignment errors of the magnets and cavities is estimated and corrected by using analytical model which is based on analytical model and code TRACK. The calculation result based on the analytical model agrees very well with the simulation by using the TRACK code. Using the analytical model, the position and number of the corrector and Beam Position Monitor(BPM) in low energy Linac was determined to compensate the amplification of the beam trajectory under 400 um. We will present the result of the estimation of the alignment error and the correction using steering magnet with strip-line Beam Position Monitor (BPM) in a low energy section.

WEPEA034	Study on the Beam Dynamics in the RISP Driver Linac	linac, quadrupole, stripper, resonance	2576
	H.J. Kim, H.J. Jang, D. Jeon IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea J.G. Hwang Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea E.-S. Kim KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea
	Abstract Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. The RISP driver linac which is used to accelerate the beam, for an example, Uranium ions from 0.3 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u consists of superconducting RF cavities and warm quadrupole magnets for focusing heavy ion beams. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. In this paper, we present the requirements of dynamic errors and correction schemes to minimize the beam centroid oscillation and preserve beam losses under control.

WEPEA038	Two and three Dimensional Models for Analytical and Numerical Space Charge Simulation	space-charge, controls, linac, simulation	2585
	S.N. Andrianov, N.V. Kulabukhova St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	In this article there is described an analytical approach to describe the self-field of two- and three dimensional ellipsoidal presentation of space charge distribution. The corresponding results can be evaluated in both numerical and the analytic presentation for some model distributions of charge. The corresponding results can be embedded in the Lie formalism used to describe the map for the beam dynamics. The corresponding linear and nonlinear maps are evaluated in terms of the matrix representation of the evolution operator of the beam. Appropriate solutions for nonlinear differential equations are based on a prediction-correction method (the converging recursive procedure). These solutions are compared with the Vlasov equation solutions. A special software package for the described approach is presented.

WEPEA060	Plans for the Upgrade of CERN's Heavy Ion Complex	injection, luminosity, linac, acceleration	2645
	D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, H. Bartosik, A. Blas, D. Bodart, M.A. Bodendorfer, T. Bohl, J. Borburgh, E. Carlier, J.-M. Cravero, H. Damerau, L. Ducimetière, A. Findlay, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, E.B. Holzer, J.M. Jowett, T. Kramer, D. Kuchler, A.M. Lombardi, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	To reach a luminosity higher than 6×10²⁷ Hz/cm² for Pb-Pb collisions, as expected by the ALICE experiment after its upgrade during the 2nd Long LHC Shutdown (LS2), several upgrades will have to be performed in the CERN accelerator complex, from the source to the LHC itself. This paper first details the present limitations and then describes the strategy for the different machines in the ion injector chain. Both filling schemes and possible hardware upgrades are discussed.

WEPEA061	The First LHC p-Pb run: Performance of the Heavy Ion Production Complex	proton, luminosity, heavy-ion, injection	2648
	D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, H. Bartosik, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, M.A. Bodendorfer, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, J.M. Jowett, D. Kuchler, M. O'Neil, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	TThe first LHC proton-ion run took place in January-February 2013; it was the first extension to the collider programme, as this mode was not included in the design report. This paper presents the performance of the heavy ion and proton production complex, and details the issues encountered, in particular the creation of the same bunch pattern in both beams.

WEPEA072	Experimental Studies of Resonance Crossing in Linear Non-scaling FFAGs With the S-POD Plasma Trap	resonance, dipole, focusing, betatron	2675
	S.L. Sheehy, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom K. Fukushima, K. Ito, K. Moriya, H. Okamoto HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	In a linear non-scaling FFAG the betatron tunes vary over a wide range during acceleration. This naturally leads to resonance crossing including first order integer resonances. The S-POD (Simulator for Particle Orbit Dynamics) plasma trap apparatus at Hiroshima University represents a physically equivalent system to a charged particle beam travelling in a strong focusing accelerator lattice. The S-POD system can be used as an ‘experimental simulation’ to investigate the effects of resonance crossing and its dependence on dipole errors, tune crossing speed and other factors. Recent developments and experiments are discussed.

WEPFI067	FETS RF System Design and Circulator Testing	rfq, klystron, shielding, insertion	2851
	S.M.H. Alsari, J.K. Pozimski, P. Savage Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom M. Dudman, A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) is an experiment based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. In this experiment, the first stages necessary to produce a very high quality, chopped H⁻ ion beam as required for the next generation of high power proton accelerators (HPPAs) are designed, built and tested. HPPAs with beam powers in the megawatt range have many possible applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, accelerator driven sub-critical systems, waste transmuters and tritium production facilities. RF system outline and design options of the waveguide and coaxial parts and shielding are presented and discussed in this paper. Experimental measurements of the system’s circulator will be presented as part of the system testing results.

WEPFI070	Design of RFQ Coupler for PXIE Project	rfq, simulation, cavity, coupling	2854
	S. Kazakov, T.N. Khabiboulline, V. Poloubotko, O. Pronitchev, V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Design of new coupler for PXIE RFQ is reported. Two couplers are supposed to deliver ~ 100 kW total CW RF power to RFQ at 162.5 MHz. Coupler has a magnetic loop coupling with the RFQ. Nevertheless it allows to apply a HV bias to suppress a multipactor due to original design of the coupling loop. Results of RF, multipactor and thermal simulations are presented.

WEPFI075	Design of the FRIB RFQ	rfq, vacuum, linac, dipole	2866
	N.K. Bultman, G. Morgan, E. Pozdeyev, Y. Yamazaki, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA J. Stovall, L.M. Young TechSource, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 FRIB linac driver includes a front end and a SRF linac for all stable ion beams with energy more than 200 MeV/u, and beam power on target up to 400 kW. A 80.5 MHz FRQ at the front end accelerates heavy ion beams from 12 keV/u to 0.5 MeV/u, in CW mode. Design of the RFQ is introduced and several important technical issues are discussed in this paper.

WEPME010	Patient-specific Intensity-modulation of a Slowly Extracted Beam at the HIT Synchrotron	feedback, controls, synchrotron, extraction	2944
	C. Schömers, E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer, J. Naumann, R.E. Panse, A. Peters HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	Since 2009 more than 1100 tumour patients have been treated at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy-Centre (HIT). The HIT synchrotron produces a library of energy, focus and intensity-variable pencil beams used to deliver dose distributions of utmost conformity to irregularly shaped target volumes. The required number of particles for each volume element of the tumour, which can vary by more than two magnitudes, is applied using the rasterscan technology. The irradiation-time and thus the patient throughput are highly sensitive to the achieved spill-structure driven by RF-Knockout extraction. Presently unfavourable fluctuations of the extracted intensity due to inhomogeneous phase space distribution of the beam are present. Recently a feedback-loop coupling the dose-defining ionisation chamber in front of the patient with the RF-Exciter was implemented allowing for the adaptation of the extracted intensity to the patient-specific treatment plan in real-time. The technical implementation and the impact on the clinical operation will be discussed.

THOAB101	Laser Wire Based Parallel Profile Scan of H⁻ Beam at the Superconducting Linac of Spallation Neutron Source	laser, neutron, linac, pick-up	3090
	Y. Liu, A.V. Aleksandrov, D.L. Brown, R. Dickson, C. Huang, C.D. Long ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA C.C. Peters ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We report on the world’s first experiment of a parallel profile scan of the hydrogen ion (H⁻) beam using a laser wire system. The system was developed at the superconducting linac (SCL) of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex. The laser wire profile scanner is based on a photo-detachment process and therefore can be conducted on an operational H⁻ beam in a nonintrusive manner. The parallel profile scanning system makes it possible to simultaneously measure profiles of the 1-MW neutron production H⁻ beam at 9 different locations (corresponding to energy levels of 400 – 950 MeV) of the superconducting linac using a single light source. The entire measurement process takes less than 5 minutes to complete. Together with the hardware modification, we have also upgraded our user interface to visualize the 9-pairs of H⁻ beam profiles in a real-time fashion, which presents a highly intuitive and informative picture of the H⁻ beam propagation along the acceleration path. The laser wire based parallel profile scanning system provides a powerful tool for accelerator operators and physicists to study the SCL modelling, monitor and/or tune the beam parameters.
	Slides THOAB101 [2.277 MB]

THOAB102	A Pepper-pot Based Device for Diagnostics of the Single-shot Beam	emittance, LabView, vacuum, diagnostics	3093
	S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, H.T. Ren, Z.H. Wang, Y. Xu, Z.X. Yuan, T. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China J. Zhao State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, Haidian District, People's Republic of China
	Generally the beam emittance can be measured by different Emittance Measurement Units (EMUs), such as the pepper-pot device, the slit-wire type facility and the Allison scanner. However, for a microsecond single-shot ion beam, the pepper-pot device is a suitable choice because of its cut-off single-shot technique without any time-consuming step. A pepper-pot based beam current & profile measurement device, which is a combination of Faraday cup technique and pepper-pot measurement facility, was developed at PKU. It consists of a main Faraday cup with a pepper-pot mask at its bottom, and a Faraday cup array locating 3 mm away from the pepper-pot mask. This device has been tested at the PKU LEBT test bench and the measurement results are consistent with the results acquired by the Allison scanner. By replacing the Faraday cup array with a fluorescent screen and a CCD camera, this device becomes a facility that not only has the ability to measure the total beam current and the beam profile, but also has the capability to measure the beam emittance for CW or pulsed ion beams. Details will be presented in this paper.
	Slides THOAB102 [5.332 MB]

THXB201	Novel Techniques and Challenges in Hadron Therapy	synchrotron, proton, cyclotron, extraction	3112
	Th. Haberer, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, A. Peters, C. Schömers HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	This talk should review novel techniques and challenges for beam delivery systems with various beam scanning methods (such as 3D scanning, 4D scanning and so on) to conform the beam dose to the tumor shape in proton and carbon ion therapy, as developed by PSI, GSI, HIMAC, IMP etc. Besides traditional accelerators such as cyclotrons and synchrotrons, the talk should review the technical challenges and prospects for future compact hadron therapy accelerators such as DWA, laser accelerators and so on.
	Slides THXB201 [4.934 MB]

THOAB202	Secondary Neutron Production from Patients during Hadron Therapy and their Radiation Risks: the Other Side of Hadron Therapy	neutron, target, proton, hadron	3118
	M.A. Chaudhri University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
	We were the first to calculate and measure the neutron produced from patients during therapy with bremsstrahlung, and estimated their radiation doses . This neutron output would be lot higher with hadrons due to their larger cross sections. There is no reliable/ useful data on this subject. Using the experimental neutron production data from different body elements, we have estimated the fluence and energies of these neutrons from tissue under irradiation with different hadrons. Our results indicate that at least 4.2 neutrons , with energies greater than 5 MeV, are produced for every C-ion of 400 MeV/u energy incident on tissue. This number reduces to 3, 1.4 and 0.3 respectively at C-energies of 300, 200 and 100 MeV /u. For protons these numbers are estimated to be 0.05, 0.2 and 0.4 per proton of energies 100, 200 and 300 MeV respectively. There would be even more neutrons with energies lesser than 5 MeV. The doses to some organs have been estimated, which are not negligible. A “Compromise optimum energy” concept is suggested. But extreme caution is highly recommend before treating patients with hadrons, especially children and younger people who still have many years to live. P.Allen and M.A Chaudhri, Phys. Med. Biol. 33 (1988) 1017
	Slides THOAB202 [3.644 MB]

THPPA01	Realization of New Charge-state Stripper for High-power Uranium Ion Beams	stripper, target, acceleration, electron	3135
	H. Imao RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Recent works to realize the new charge-state stripper using recirculating helium gas are presented. Very limited lifetimes of conventional solid-state strippers due to huge dE/dx for very heavy ion beams (e.g., for uranium ions, several thousand times larger than protons at the energy around 10 MeV/u) were a principal bottleneck for their multi-stage acceleration at high intensities. The new stripping system is characterized by its infinite lifetime, efficient stripping and small beam degradation even for the world’s most intense uranium ion beams provided by the RIBF (more than 1 pμA at the injected energy of 11 MeV/u). Successful operations of the system in 2012 greatly contribute to the remarkable expansion of the accelerator performance of the RIBF that will allow an enormous breakthrough for exploring new domains of the nuclear world in the next several years; the peak intensity of the uranium beam has reached 15.1 pnA (almost 10¹¹ pps) at 345 MeV/u and the average intensity provided for the users has become ten times higher than it was in 2011.
	Slides THPPA01 [6.535 MB]

THPEA003	Use of FPGA-based Configurable Electronics to Calibrate Cavities	controls, synchrotron, LLRF, heavy-ion	3152
	S. Schäfer, A. Klaus, H. Klingbeil, B. Zipfel GSI, Darmstadt, Germany U. Hartel, H. Klingbeil TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	At the GSI Helmholzzentrum für Schwerionen-forschung GmbH the accuracy requirements for synchrotron rf cavities have strongly increased in the last years, especially for multi-harmonic operation. For heavy-ion acceleration the amplitude and phase have to be well adjusted over a whole machine cycle. In order to compensate small deviations induced by low-level rf components (LLRF) and transmission lines in the control paths, a calibration electronic (CEL) with a characteristic map was developed. It is a real-time module which is based on modern FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) technology and adaptable to special cavities with various physical dependencies (e.g. attenuation, dispersion, temperature drift, aging etc.). The hardware and software architecture of this CEL module are presented here.

THPEA008	Study on the Energy Response of a Multi-layer Planar High Pressure Ionization Chamber using MCNP Program	photon, radiation, simulation, electron	3164
	Y.D. Ding, P.F. Wang, Q.B. Wang, Q.J. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	High pressure ionization chamber is widely used to detect various radiation fields due to its good energy response. A new Multi-layer planar high pressure ionization chamber is designed suitable for measuring directional radiation field of high dose rate, because of its high electric field strength. In this paper, MCNP program is used to simulate and calculate the energy response of this ionization chamber to obtain the energy response of high energy photons, which could not be obtained by experimental methods. The results show that this ionization chamber can measure photon radiation energy up to 10MeV.

THPEA017	Based on Channel Archiver of EPICS to Realize SSC-LINAC System Efficiently Beam Tuning	controls, linac, EPICS, status	3179
	S.Z. Gou, M. Yue, W. Zhang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	In order to improve running efficiency of accelerator, shorten the time of changing accelerator beam is key link and it should be considered how to accelerate the ion to specific energy quickly and accurately. We will discuss how to use years of heavy ion accelerator operation data to generate a set of virtual accelerator equipment data for specific ion and energy, load to all the accelerator equipment fast. EPICS provide Channel Archiver tools that can achieve and store data from the IOC equipment operation information. In this study, we use Archive Engine tool and Oracle to combine data acquisition function and data management function. Firstly store the Archive Engine acquisition data into Oracle database, and then according to the data to create accelerator system operation snapshot as the basis for beam tuning. The snapshot data includes all equipment state and parameters at special time in accelerator operating. When the ion is to be changed, related snapshot in Oracle database will be retrieved and loaded to all the equipment and to realize efficiently beam tuning.

THPEA019	A Method of Implementing HIRFL-CSR Chopper Controls	controls, heavy-ion, storage-ring, target	3185
	K. Gu, S. An, X.J. Liu, W. Zhang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	A method of implementing controls of chopper for HIRFL-CSR (Heavy Ion Research Facility of Lanzhou and Cooler Storage Rings) is introduced. This method is based on an ARM and DSP co-operation system. The control algorithm of this method is based on a data structure which is defined and implemented in the DSP module. Output data is created by the control algorithm and the actually pulse output is triggered by a timer which is achieved through a logic circuit actualized in a FPGA chip. The results show that the method is flexible and the control system matches the chopper regulating requirements.

THPEA021	A Platform Control System for 320 kV HV Platform	controls, high-voltage, power-supply, LabView	3189
	W. Zhang, K. Gu, J.Y. Li, X.J. Liu IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	This article describes the platform control system applied to the Chinese Academy of 320KV HV platform for highly charged ions. This system is composed of the hardware and the software. The hardware is composed of the network controller based on ATmega128 core chip. Our control group has designed the network controller for controlling the different types of equipment on the platform. The control system achieves the reliability, stability control of the different types of equipment on the HV platform, and control of the network, improve operational efficiency. The software uses NI Corporation's LABVIEW to program user interface. We have established for the application modules of the network controller in the LABVIEW and realized the optimization of the network controller to configure and use. The platform control system has run three years in the 320KV HV platform.

THPEA022	The Remote Control System for LAPECR1	controls, ion-source, power-supply, high-voltage	3192
	W.X. Zhou, F.Y. Lin, J.F. Luo, Y.Y. Wang, J. Yin, Y.J. Yu, D.T. Zhou IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	In order to support the debug of LAPECR1(Lanzhou All Permanent Magnet ECR Ion Source No.1) which merely provides H⁺ beam for HIRFL(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou), a control system was realized in November 2011. The control system is composed of some controllers, a control-software and Intranet which is established by a switch. All of the controllers can access to Intranet directly or through serial-switch. And the controllers of the HV power and motor were designed by us. A IPC(Industrial Personal Computer) could control all of the equipments through Intranet. For the software of the system, it is designed using C++. And it could show the important data in the form of spectrum for the purpose of analysis and debug. The control system can acquire data and send command from/to the corresponding equipment.

THPFI022	The M-C Application in Designing Tailored Cryopump Used in Cyciae-100 Cyclotron	vacuum, cyclotron, radiation, beam-losses	3342
	S.P. Zhang, Z.G. Li, G.F. Pan, J.S. Xing, F. Yang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A compact high intensity cyclotron CYCIAE-100 was selected as the driver for the Beijing Radioactive Ion Facility (BRIF). A pressure of 5×10-8 mbar is required to achieve acceptable beam losses in the CYCIAE-100 cyclotron. As the existing ports on the cyclotron valley are insufficient to provide enough pumping speed using commercially available pumps, two tailored cryopanels with a pumping speed of 60000 l/s for each are designed. Based on the Monte-Carlo method, a mathematical model of molecular movement and collision between the panels and their shield was developed. The ratio of molecular reflected to the baffle to molecular passing through the baffle is the sticking probability on the panels. When taking the transmission probability of the chevron baffle, capture coefficient of cryopanel can be calculated. It could provide a reference to design the cryopanel shape and its condensation area.

THPFI040	DEVELOPMENT OF A TARGET SYSTEM FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAM PRODUCTION WITH HIGH-POWER HEAVY-ION BEAMS*	target, electron, radiation, vacuum	3373
	J.-W. Kim, S. Hong, J.H. Kim, M. Kim, J. Song IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	To produce rare isotope beams, in-flight fragmentation method utilizing a thin target and heavy-ion primary beam can be used. The existing facilities provide the maximum primary beam power of a few kW, while the next generation facility is planned to use hundreds of kW of 238U beam. We are designing a rare-isotope beam facility, which can provide U beam with the maximal power of 400 kW at the energy of 200 MeV/u. The high-power target studied is made of multi-slice rotating graphite to enhance radiation cooling. The total target thickness is roughly 2 mm with more than 10 slices. The resultant power density inside the target reaches above 50 MV/cm³. Numerical simulation for thermo-mechanical analysis has been performed using PHITS and ANSYS for single and multi-slice targets. Also, empirical test was made using 70-keV electron beam for a single-slice rotation target with the thickness of 0.2 mm. The results of simulation and e-beam tests will be presented. * Work supported by Rare Isotope Science Program (RISP) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) (2011-0032011)

THPFI049	Evaluation of the NEG Coating Saturation Level after 3 Years of LHC Beam Operation	vacuum, proton, electron, luminosity	3397
	G. Bregliozzi, V. Baglin, J.M. Jimenez, G. Lanza, T. Porcelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The room temperature vacuum system of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN system has been designed to ensure vacuum stability and beam lifetime of 100 h with nominal current of 0.56 A per beam at 7 TeV of energy. During last two years the LHC operated with proton beams at a maximum energy of 4 TeV, coasting for several hours each time, inducing high pressure due to different effects: synchrotron radiation, electron cloud and localized temperature increase. All these phenomena generated an important gas load from the vacuum chamber walls, which led in some cases to a partial or a total saturation of the NEG coating. To keep the design vacuum performances and to schedule technical interventions for NEG vacuum reactivation, it is necessary to take into account all these aspects and to regularly evaluate the saturation level of the NEG coating. This study analyses the saturation level of the NEG coated beam pipes in the LHC accelerator. Pressure reading variation without proton beams circulating are analysed and combined with laboratory studies of the NEG saturation behaviour and with Vacuum Stability Code (VASCO) simulations.

THPFI054	Preliminary Comparison of the Response of LHC Tertiary Collimators to Proton and Ion Beam Impacts	proton, heavy-ion, collimation, beam-losses	3412
	M. Cauchi, R.W. Aßmann, A. Bertarelli, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, L. Lari CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Cauchi, P. Mollicone UoM, Msida, Malta L. Lari IFIC, Valencia, Spain N.J. Sammut University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
	The CERN Large Hadron Collider is designed to bring into collision protons as well as heavy ions. Accidents involving impacts on collimators can happen for both species. The interaction of lead ions with matter differs to that of protons, thus making this scenario a new interesting case to study as it can result in different damage aspects on the collimator. This paper will present a preliminary comparison of the response of collimators to proton and ion beam impacts.

THPFI071	Baking Tests and Results of A1050 Diamond Edge Gasket	vacuum, target, controls, power-supply	3463
	Y.T. Huang, C.-C. Chang, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan J.-R. Chen National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	A1050 is a common and soft material, widely used in everyday life. It is machinable and cheap, which makes it a candidate for a gasket material. In the case of sealing between disparate materials, treating the thermal expansion when the gasket suffers from baking is difficult. The clearance and the eccentricity between the gasket and the flange are also important; most leaks occur about 80 ~ 110 oC. The experimental apparatus comprised a vacuum chamber with six diamond-edge gaskets assembled, a turbo-molecular pump and an extractor gauge. The pre-baking torque for this gasket is 70 – 80 kg cm; the rates of both heating and cooling are less than 40 oC per hour. The gaskets are baked repeatedly under the same conditions excluding the target temperature set for baking. A1050 diamond gaskets work well after baking at 120 ~ 140 oC; at temperature 170 ~ 180 oC, leaks sometimes appear on cooling. This paper presents the baking results of A1050 diamond-edge gasket and explains the cause of leaking after baking above 150 oC.

THPFI077	Construction Status of the TPS Vacuum Systems	vacuum, booster, storage-ring, photon	3472
	G.-Y. Hsiung, C.K. Chan, C.H. Chang, C.-C. Chang, S.W. Chang, Y.P. Chang, C.L. Chen, J.-R. Chen, Z.W. Chen, C.M. Cheng, Y.T. Cheng, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh, C.S. Huang, Y.T. Huang, T.Y. Lee, L.H. Wu, Y.C. Yang NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan J.-R. Chen National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The vacuum systems for the 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) have been constructed since 2010. Most of the vacuum components and equipments have been manufactured and delivered. For the electron storage ring (SR), all the 24 cells of 14 m aluminum vacuum systems have been welded and assembled. The vacuum baking for the cells in the laboratory was undergoing to achieve the ultrahigh vacuum pressure below 1×10^-8 Pa. The vacuum systems accommodated with the insertion devices in the long straight sections have been designed and under manufacturing. For the booster (BR), all the stainless steel chambers including the 0.7 mm elliptical chambers, BPM ducts, and the pumping chambers, have been manufactured. The two transport lines: LTB for Linac to BR and BTS for BR to SR were manufactured. Vacuum chambers for BTS adopt the similar chambers for BR but will be baked to ultrahigh vacuum for connecting with SR without injection window. The beam ducts for LTB will be made of aluminum alloys. The construction works for TPS vacuum systems will be completed before April of 2013 while the installation of the systems in the TPS tunnel will be started immediately.

THPFI079	Start-up of the NESTOR Facility Vacuum System	vacuum, storage-ring, electron, synchrotron	3478
	A.Y. Zelinsky, A.N. Gordienko, V.A. Grevtsev, I.I. Karnaukhov, I.M. Karnaukhov, N.I. Mocheshnikov, A. Mytsykov, V.L. Skirda NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	The Kharkov X-ray generator NESTOR based on Compton backscattering is under commissioning. The vacuum system of the complex integrates a linear accelerator-injector, the beam transport channel and the electron storage ring with energy range from 40 to 225 MeV. Elements of vacuum chambers, pumping facilities, cleaning surfaces procedures are described. Chambers are made of stainless steel (SS). After vacuum pretesting pressure 5 × 10^-9 Torr in the storage chambers ring achieved.

THPFI088	Electron Cloud Diagnostic Chambers with Various EC-suppression Coatings	vacuum, electron, positron, pick-up	3496
	Y. Li, J.V. Conway, X. Liu, M.A. Palmer CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US National Science Foundation PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, and the U.S. Department of Energy DE-FC02-08ER41538 Suppression of electron cloud (EC) growth and density is critical for many high intensity accelerators of positively charged particles, such as positron rings for Super KEKB and ILC’s positron damping ring. Among various suppression techniques, passive coating with low secondary electron emission (SEY) coefficient is the most economic method. During CesrTA EC study program, we have created two dedicated short sections in the CESR vacuum system to study effectiveness of various SEY reduction coatings. During last 4 years, six one-meter-long EC study vacuum chambers were constructed, and rotated through these short sections. The EC chambers were not only equipped with EC diagnostics (including a RFA and RF-shield pickups), they were also installed in CESR with vacuum instrument, including a cold cathode ion gauge and a residual gas analyzer. With these EC study chambers, EC-suppression effectiveness of TiN, amorphous carbon and diamond-like carbon coatings were evaluated, relative to bare aluminum chamber. In this report, we will report vacuum properties of these coatings. In particular, the photon-induced desorption and beam conditioning histories are presented.

THPME028	Prototype Superconducting Magnets for the NICA Accelerator Complex	dipole, booster, quadrupole, collider	3567
	H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, A.V. Bychkov, A.R. Galimov, O.S. Kozlov, G.L. Kuznetsov, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhaylov, A.V. Shabunov, A.Y. Starikov, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	NICA is a new accelerator complex being under design and construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna. Full-size prototype dipole and quadrupole magnets for the booster synchrotron and the NICA collider have been designed, manufactured and tested. The magnets are based on a cold window frame iron yoke and a saddle-shaped superconducting winding made from a hollow NbTi composite superconducting cable cooled with a forced two-phase helium flow at T = 4.5 K. The maximal operating magnetic field in the aperture is 1.8 T. The magnetic field ramp rate of 1.2 T/s should be achievable. The quench history, AC losses as a function of the magnetic field ramp rate and pressure drop in the cooling channels of the magnets at different pulsed operation modes are presented.

THPME047	Progress of the RFQ Accelerator for PXIE	rfq, emittance, simulation, beam-transport	3618
	D. Li, M.D. Hoff, A.R. Lambert, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA T.H. Luo UMiss, University, Mississippi, USA S. Nagaitsev, G.V. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, R.P. Stanek, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the Office of Science, United States Department of Energy under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The proposed Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) is currently under development at Fermilab. PXIE is an R&D test accelerator that will replicate the front-end portion of Project X. The PXIE accelerator complex consists of a H⁻ ion source(s), low-energy beam transport (LEBT), 162.5 MHz normal conducting CW Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, medium-energy beam transport (MEBT), broad-band beam chopper(s) and two superconducting cryomodules. In this paper, we will review and present recent progress of the PXIE RFQ, which will include an overview of the RFQ beam dynamics design, RF structure design, detailed thermal and mechanical analyses, fabrication test results and fabrication plan and schedule.

THPWA004	The HIT Gantry: From Commissioning to Operation	proton, dipole, optics, diagnostics	3636
	M. Galonska, S. Brons, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, K. Höppner, J.M. Mosthaf, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, T. Winkelmann HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	The patient treatment at the first 360° raster scanning heavy ion gantry of the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Facility (HIT) started in October 2012 using proton and carbon ion beams. HIT is the first dedicated proton and carbon cancer therapy facility in Europe. It uses full 3D intensity controlled raster scanning dose delivering method of pencil beams. The ion energy ranges from ~50 up to 430 MeV/u (ion penetration depths of 20 to 300 mm in water). Beams are provided by a linac-synchrotron-system to four high energy beam lines: 2 horizontal patient treatment rooms; 1 horizontal experimental cave for quality assurance, development, and research work; and the heavy ion gantry. From the first commissioning the libraries of carbon and proton pencil beams at the gantry had been offered with the whole variety of ion beam properties: 255 energy steps, 4 beam foci, 360°, and 10 intensities (10⁶-10¹⁰/spill) regarding the central beam. This paper reflects the impact of the subsequent preclinical testing including beam size/position, and dose measurements within the irradiation field of 20x20 cm² on the further improvement of the ion optical settings of the gantry high energy transfer line.

THPWA005	The HIT Accelerator as Part of a Medical Product: Impacts on the Maintenance Strategy	controls, ion-source, proton, linac	3639
	A. Peters, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, T. Winkelmann HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	The HIT accelerator produces protons and carbon beams with a large variety of parameters: 255 different energies, four foci and ten intensity steps per ion are independently available at 5 iso-centres to be requested by the dose delivery system for tumor treatment. Thus the whole accelerator chain is part of a medical product, in case of HIT an in-house manufactured device. The overall risk and quality management has deep influences on the maintenance process. Not only the huge volume of necessary documentation reflects this impact but also the organizational process before, along and after the services at HIT. Especially, the comprehensive testing after the maintenance procedures follows sophisticated checklists (e.g. the ion source service). On the other hand, a high operational availability of the accelerator in a hospital is mandatory. To realize 8250 hours of accelerator uptime per year in case of HIT, a maintenance strategy is necessary, which interleaves the regular service of the building infrastructure, e.g. air conditioning, with the periodic maintenance of the accelerator components. In detail, this approach will be discussed along the magnets and the gantry structure.

THPWA021	Studies of Density Distribution and Emittance Measurement for High Current Electronic Beam	emittance, electron, gun, simulation	3672
	Q.C. Li, Z.-F. He, J.M. Huang, D.M. Li, Y.-T. Zhang, X.K. Zhu SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Beam density distribution and emittance are the important parameters of an accelerator. The accurate emittance measurement has an important reference significance for the design of accelerating tube, and provides a design basis for the aperture size of accelerating tube. This paper introduces a beam measurement method which uses multiwire, can rotate in the horizontal plane and adjust in the Z coordinate. The results of simulation show that this method can accurately measure the beam density distribution and emittance, and the accuracy can meet the requirements of applied accelerator.

THPWA031	Raising the Generating Current in the VITA Neutron Source for BNCT	proton, neutron, target, vacuum	3693
	A.S. Kuznetsov, V.I. Aleynik, A.G. Bashkirtsev, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Schudlo, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev, M.A. Tiunov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract № 14.518.11.7039). The Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator (VITA) was developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics to produce epithermal neutrons for boron neutron capture therapy in the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction. The parameters of the generated radiation allow us to carry out in vitro and in vivo investigations of BNCT. In present moment the modernization of the facility elements is carrying out to meet the parameters required for clinical usage. As the first step of the modernization the stripping target and electrode apertures were optimized. The experiments on fine beam injection were carried out as well as experiments on high current transportation. The output current in the range 1.5-2.5 mA with proton beam energy of 1 – 2 MeV was obtaned in the routine regimes of generation. In presented work the results of the experiments and possible way to rise the proton current higher then 3 mA level with energy 2 MeV are discussed. *S. Taskaev, et al. Vacuum-insulation Tandem Accelerator for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Proc. 2nd International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC-2011),2011, San Sebastian, Spain, p.3615-3617.

THPWA042	Investigation of Space Charge Compensation at FETS	space-charge, ion-source, emittance, rfq	3723
	J.K. Pozimski, S.M.H. Alsari, P. Savage Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	In order to contribute to the development of high power proton accelerators in the MW range, to prepare the way for an ISIS upgrade and to contribute to the UK design effort on neutrino factories, a front end test stand (FETS) is being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The aim of the FETS is to demonstrate the production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps chopped beam at 3 MeV with sufficient beam quality. The ion source and LEBT are operational with the RFQ under manufacture. As a more detailed knowledge is of interest also for other projects like ESS and LINAC4 the FETS LEBT was updated to perform a detailed experimental analysis of space charge compensation utilizing a pulsed decompensation electrode together with a residual gas ion energy spectrometer and a fast emittance measurement device. In the FETS LEBT a high degree of space charge compensation (~90%) and a rise time of space charge compensation around ~ 50 μs could be concluded from measurements . In this paper the results of the experimental work will be presented together with discussion of the findings in respect to beam transport.

THPWA045	Accelerator R&D in the QUASAR Group	antiproton, storage-ring, electron, diagnostics	3732
	C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1, HGF and GSI under contract VH-NG-328 and the EU under contracts 215080, 289181 and 289485. The QUASAR Group is a pan-European research group based at the Cockcroft Institute in the UK. It carries out R&D into methods to decelerate and store very low energy antiproton and exotic ion beams, beam diagnostics developments for medical accelerators, including imaging and dosimetry, as well as opto-electronics and laser applications. This contribution presents the latest results of the Group's studies into the USR/ELENA/AEgIS antimatter facilities, novel least destructive beam profile monitors for medical and industry applications, as well as laser applications for accelerators, includingμaccelerators and a laser velocimeter.

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MOXBB101

Challenges facing High Power Proton Accelerators

linac, proton, injection, rfq

1

M.A. Plum
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
This presentation will provide an overview of the challenges and experiences of high power proton accelerators such as SNS, J-PARC, etc. and what we have learned from experiences and how to mitigate beam losses.

Slides MOXBB101 [6.734 MB]

MOZB202

The First Long Shutdown (LS1) for the LHC

dipole, luminosity, vacuum, radiation

44

F. Bordry, S. Baird, K. Foraz, A.-L. Perrot, R.I. Saban, J.Ph. G. L. Tock
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC has been delivering data to the physics experiments since the first collisions in 2009. The first long shutdown (LS1), which started on 14 February 2013, was triggered by the need to consolidate the magnet interconnections so as to allow the LHC to operate at the design energy of 14 TeV in the centre-of-mass. It has now become a major shutdown which, in addition, includes other repairs, consolidation, upgrades and cabling across the whole accelerator complex and the associated experimental facilities. LS1 will see a massive programme of maintenance for the LHC and its injectors in the wake of more than three years of operation without the long winter shutdowns that were the norm in the past. The main driving effort will be the consolidation of the 10,170 high-current splices between the superconducting magnets. The presentation describes first the preparation phase with the prioritisation of the activities, the building of the teams and the detailed planning of the operation. Then, it gives the status after 3 months and the restart plans for all CERN accelerators. First lessons learnt for the 2nd long shutdown (LS2) will conclude the presentation.

Slides MOZB202 [13.675 MB]

MOODB201

Proton-nucleus Collisions in the LHC

luminosity, injection, proton, heavy-ion

49

J.M. Jowett, R. Alemany-Fernandez, P. Baudrenghien, D. Jacquet, M. Lamont, D. Manglunki, S. Redaelli, M. Sapinski, M. Schaumann, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, R. Tomás, J.A. Uythoven, D. Valuch, R. Versteegen, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Following the high integrated luminosity accumulated in the first two Pb-Pb collision runs in 2010 and 2011, the LHC heavy-ion physics community requested a first run with p-Pb collisions. This almost unprecedented mode of collider operation was not foreseen in the baseline design of the LHC whose two-in-one magnet design imposed equal rigidity and, hence, unequal revolution frequencies, during injection and ramp. Nevertheless, after a successful pilot physics fill in 2012, the LHC provided 31 nb^-1 of p-Pb luminosity per experiment, at an energy of 5.02 TeV per colliding nucleon pair, with several variations of the operating conditions, in early 2013. Together with a companion p-p run at 2.76 TeV, this was the last physics before the present long shutdown. We summarise the beam physics, operational adaptations and strategy that resulted in extremely rapid commissioning. Finally, we give an account of the progress of the run and provide an analysis of the performance.

Slides MOODB201 [6.547 MB]

MOPEA004

Beam Lifetime in the ASTRID and ASTRID2 Synchrotron Light Sources: Excitations and Vacuum Dependences

synchrotron, vacuum, emittance, electron

67

J.S. Nielsen, N. Hertel, S.P. Møller
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The beam lifetime is a very important parameter for synchrotron light sources without top-up, and sometimes more important than the lowest possible vertical beam emittance. At the ASTRID synchrotron light source, we have for many years routinely applied a phase modulation of the accelerating RF field, together with a vertical excitation of the beam at the first vertical betatron frequency. These two effects increase the beam lifetime from about 3 hours to more than 100 hours at 150 mA. Lifetime measurements as function of modulation and excitation parameters will be presented. Additionally, measurements of the beam lifetime in ASTRID and ASTRID2 as function of vacuum pressure will be presented.

MOPEA010

Transfer of RIB’s between ISOL Target and Experiment Hall at SPIRAL 2

radiation, target, remote-handling, ISOL

85

F.R. Osswald, T. Adam, E. Bouquerel, D. Boutin, A. Dinkov, M. Rousseau, A. Sellam
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
N.Yu. Kazarinov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Weick, M. Winkler
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: The authors would like to acknowledge the German-French and Russian-French agreements enabling the allocation of resources : IN2P3 - GSI (id. 12-69), and IN2P3 - JINR (id. 11-88) collaborations.
The production of intense radioactive beams requires a high power target, an efficient beam selection and transport, safe operations and a reliable-cost effective facility. The SPIRAL 2 project a so called second generation RIB facility is under construction at GANIL. The low energy RIB’s will be produced by neutron induced fissions obtained from a 40 MeV primary beam (deutons) and a graphit convertor. Several issues must be addressed in order to insure the safety rules and ultimately the performances requested by the scientific programme. Among them, the space charge dominated regime during the extraction of the beam after the target and the ion source, the compromise between beam transmission, rejection of the light-ion beam, and management of the main safety features. Most of the investigations currently in progress are devoted to the nuclear engineering, the maintenance and the multi-scale integration of the segmented beam line with the infrastructure.
* RIB dynamics of the SPIRAL 2 Transfer Line, HIAT 2012
** Simulation of Hollow Beam formation at SPIRAL 2, IPAC 2011
*** A Secondary Radioactive Beam Line Section for SPIRAL 2, HIAT 2009

MOPEA013

Radioactive Beam Accumulation for a Storage Ring Experiment with an Internal Target

target, electron, injection, kicker

91

F. Nolden, C. Dimopoulou, R. Grisenti, C.M. Kleffner, S.A. Litvinov, W. Maier, C. Peschke, P. Petri, U. Popp, M. Steck, H. Weick, D.F.A. Winters, T. Ziglasch
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A radioactive ⁵⁶Ni beam was successfully accumulated for an experiment with an internal hydrogen target at the storage ring ESR of GSI, Germany. The radioactive beam was produced and separated at the GSI fragment separator from a stable ⁵⁸Ni beam. About 6·10⁴ ⁵⁶Ni ions were injected into the ESR on a high relative momentum orbit. The beam was subjected to stochastic cooling, bunched and transported to a low relative momentum orbit where it was neither disturbed by the field of the partial aperture injection kicker nor by the fields of the stochastic cooling kickers. Slightly below this deposition momentum, the beam was accumulated and continuously cooled by means of electron cooling. For each experiment with internal hydrogen target, about 80 shots were injected consecutively, leading to a stored beam of roughly 5·10⁶ particles.

MOPEA015

A Transverse Electron Target for Heavy Ion Storage Rings

electron, target, interaction-region, storage-ring

97

S. Geyer, O. Meusel, D. Ries
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
O.K. Kester
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A transverse electron target is a well suited concept under discussion for storage rings to investigate electron-ion interaction processes relevant for heavy ion accelerators. Using a sheet beam of free electrons in crossed beam geometry promises not only a high energy resolution but also allows access to the interaction region for photon and electron spectroscopy under large solid angles. To realize a compact and multi-purpose applicable design, only electrostatic fields are used for beam focussing. The produced electron beam has a length of 10cm in ion beam direction and a width of around 5mm in the interaction region with densities of ~10⁹electrons/cm³. The target geometry allows the independent adjustment of the electron beam current and energy in the region of several 10eV and a few keV. The setup meets the high requirements for an operation in the UHV environment of a storage ring and is installed applying the so-called animated beam technique. The electron target is dedicated to the FAIR storage rings. First measurements have been performed at a test bench. An overview of the project status will be presented including first results of the characterization measurements.

MOPEA017

Electron Cooling of Heavy Ions Interacting with Internal Target at HESR of FAIR

electron, target, emittance, scattering

103

T. Katayama, M. Steck
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is designed and optimized to accumulate and store the anti-proton beam for the internal target experiment. The recent demand of atomic physics has impacted to use the HESR facility also as the storage ring of bare heavy ions. In this concept the bare heavy ions are injected at 740 MeV/u from the Collector Ring where the ions are well stochastically cooled to be matched with HESR ring acceptance. In the HESR the 2 MeV electron cooler is prepared with the maximal electron current of 3 A and the cooling length of 2.7 m. The electron cooling process of typically ²³⁸U⁹²⁺ beam is simulated for the Hydogen and Xe internal target with simultaneous use of barrier voltage to compensate the mean energy loss caused by the interaction with internal target. In the present report the detailed simulation results of 6D phase space obtained by the particle tracking code are precisely discussed.

MOPEA018

Feasibility Study of Heavy Ion Storage and Acceleration in the HESR with Stochastic Cooling and Internal Targets

target, cavity, simulation, acceleration

106

H. Stockhorst, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
T. Katayama
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Stochastic cooling of heavy ions is investigated under the constraint of the present hardware design of the cooling system and RF cavities as well as the given magnet design as foreseen for anti-proton cooling in the HESR of the FAIR facility. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam to 2 GeV/u is studied under the basic condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a Hydrogen and Xenon target. Diffusion due to Schottky and thermal noise as well as intra beam scattering is accounted for. Due to the higher charge states of the ions Schottky particle noise power becomes an important issue. The analysis considers the electronic power limitation to 500 W in case of momentum cooling. Fast Filter cooling is only available if the revolution harmonics do not overlap in the cooling bandwidth. Since overlap occurs for lower energies the application of the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) momentum cooling method is discussed.

MOPEA031

Study of Extraction and Transport of Intense Highly Charged Ions for 18GHz SC-ECRIS at RCNP

extraction, cyclotron, plasma, ECR

145

T. Yorita, M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, S. Morinobu, A. Tamii, Y. Yasuda
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

An 18 GHz superconducting ECRIS has also been installed to increase beam currents and to extend the variety of ions, especially for highly charged heavy ions which can be accelerated by RCNP cyclotrons. The mirror magnetic field is produced with four liquid-helium-free superconducting coils and the permanent magnet hexapole is of Halbach type with 24 pieces of NEOMAX-44H material. The production development of several ions like B, O, N, Ne, Ar, Ni, Kr and Xe has been performed. Further study for its beam extraction and transport have been done in order to increase the beam injected to cyclotron. The parameters of extraction systems and electrostatic lens are optimized taking account with magnetic field leakage from AVF Cyclotron. Emittance study also has been done to see the quality of injection beam. For that purpose two types of emittance monitor have been developed. One is using three wire profile monitor and another has BPM with rotating wire for quick measurement. The details of these developments will be presented.

MOPEA043

Transverse Instabilities of Two Twisted Beams in a Storage Ring

electron, storage-ring, simulation, kicker

172

B.C. Jiang, M.Z. Zhang, Z.T. Zhao
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
G.X. Xia
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Two twisted beams (two beams run on the different closed orbit) in a storage ring which is produced by fast kickers can potentially deliver two bunds of radiations through one insertion device or one bend magnet, in this way doubles the beam line stations. This operation mode needs higher beam current and more RF buckets to be filled to keep the brightness comparable to the single beam operation mode. The resistive wall instability and ion trapping effects is analysed to address the higher current operation possibility. The analyze results show that twisted beams can weaken those two instabilities.

MOPEA064

A New Long Pulse High Voltage Extraction Power Supply for FETS

extraction, power-supply, high-voltage, ion-source

228

D.C. Faircloth, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

A new 25 kV 2 ms 50 Hz extraction voltage power supply has been developed for the high performance H-minus ion source for the Front End Test Stand at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The power supply has been designed to fit in a single 19 inch rack and has a modular design for easy maintenance. This paper details the design and performance of the power supply and extracted beam currents.

MOPEA065

Commissioning of the Ion Source for Siemens Novel Electrostatic Accelerator

plasma, ion-source, extraction, electron

231

H. von Jagwitz-Biegnitz
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
P. Beasley, O. Heid
Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
D.C. Faircloth
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
A.J. Holmes
Marcham Scientific Ltd, Hungerford, United Kingdom
R.G. Selway
Inspired Engineering Ltd, Climping, United Kingdom
B. Singh, E. Zitvogel
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Siemens is developing a novel compact DC electrostatic tandem accelerator and currently building a prototype. A dedicated H⁻ ion source for this accelerator has been designed and built. This paper reports on some of the design features as well as results of the commissioning phase of this filament driven DC multicusp volume H⁻ ion source. Stable H⁻ currents of more then 300 μA at 10 keV have been extracted. This satisfies the beam current requirement of the novel accelerator.

MOPEA083

Energy Modulation in Coherent Electron Cooling

electron, plasma, FEL, simulation

276

G. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, V. Litvinenko
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Coherent electron cooling (CeC) relies on Debye shielding to imprint information of the ion beam to an electron beam [1]. Apart from the density modulation, Debye shielding also modulates the energy of electrons, which provides additional seeding for the free electron laser (FEL) amplifier. In this work, we show that the energy modulation of a longitudinal slice of the electrons, induced by dynamic Debye shielding of a moving ion in anisotropic electron plasma with κ-2 velocity distribution, can be expressed into a 1D integral. The results are then applied to the 1D FEL model to investigate the effects of energy modulation to the correcting force in the kicker.
[1] V.N. Litvinenko, Y.S. Derbenev, Coherent Electron Cooling, Physical Review Letters, 102 (2009) 114801. http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v102/e114801

MOPFI006

A New Load Lock System for the Source of Polarised Electrons at ELSA

electron, polarization, vacuum, laser

294

D. Heiliger, W. Hillert, B. Neff
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

Funding: supported by DFG (SFB/TR16)
The inverted source of polarized electrons at the electron stretcher accelerator ELSA routinely provides a pulsed beam with a current of 100 mA and a polarization degree of about 80%. One micro-second long pulses with 100 nC charge are produced by irradiating a GaAs strained-layer superlattice photocathode (8 mm in diameter) with laser light. Future accelerator operation requires a significantly higher beam intensity, which can be achieved by using photocathodes with sufficiently high quantum efficiency. Therefore, and in order to enhance the reliability and uptime of the source, a new extreme high-vacuum (XHV) load lock system was installed and commissioned. It consists of a loading chamber in which an atomic hydrogen source is used to remove any remaining surface oxidation, an activation chamber for heat cleaning of the photocathodes and activation with cesium and oxygen and a storage chamber in which up to five different types of photocathodes with various diameters of the emitting surface can be stored under XHV conditions. Additionally, tests of the photocathodes' properties can be performed during accelerator operation.

MOPFI010

Initial Beam Loss and Control of Dynamic Vacuum Effects in SIS18

injection, collimation, vacuum, synchrotron

300

Y. El-Hayek
FIAS, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M.M. Kirk, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

To stabilize the dynamic pressure in the SIS18, the systematic initial beam loss must be minimized. Beam Particles, which are lost on the vaccum chamber cause a local pressure increase. Thereby the collision rate between beam ions and residual gas particles and consequently beam loss by ionization is enhanced. The reduction and control of beam loss in the injection channel, during multiturn injection and during the Rf capture process has an outstanding importance for the vacuum dynamics. One way to minimize the initial losses in the synchrotron is to displace the beam loss into the transfer channel (TK) between UNILAC and SIS. In the transfer channel, the beam edges are trimmed by means of a collimator system and a sharply defined phase space area can be injected into SIS18. The effect of reduced initial beam loss on the vaccum dynamics is presented.

MOPFI012

Measurement of Adsorption Rates of Residual Gases for NEA-GaAs Surface

electron, cathode, vacuum, emittance

306

M. Kuriki, H. Iijima, K. Miyoshi, K.U. Uchida
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

A GaAs photocathode activated the surface to negative-electron-affinity (NEA) is an important device for high-average-current electron accelerators such as a next-generation light source based on an energy recovery linac. The NEA surface is normally formed by a yo-yo technique in which cesium and oxygen are applied onto the surface alternately. Although the initial quantum efficiency is relatively larger than that of another cathode, the lifetime is shorter. The degradation with time elapsing even if the electron beam is not extracted is mainly caused by adsorption of residual gases in a vacuum chamber. We have evaluated the adsorption rates of various gases for the NEA surface by measuring the dark lifetime in sample gases such as hydrogen, carbon oxide and carbon dioxide.

MOPFI014

A Charge Lifetime Study of NEA GaAs Cathode by Ion Back-bombardment

electron, cathode, vacuum, simulation

312

M. Kuriki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
L. Guo, H. Iijima, K. Miyoshi
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Funding: Quantum beam project by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; The title is High Brightness Photon Beam by Laser-Compton Scattering.
NEA GaAs cathode is one of the most important techniques for advanced future projects based on linac. Up to 90% polarized beam can be generated with high quantum efficiency, 0.1 – 10%. The extremely low emittance beam can be generated driven by optimized wavelength laser. Although these remarkable features, the less robustness has been the biggest issue on the real operation of this cathode. According to past experiments, there are three sources of the cathode degradation; gas absorption, thermal desorption, and ion-back bombardment. First two processes could be controlled by less vacuum pressure in order of 10^-10Pa and keeping the cathode temperature low. The ion back-bombardment is the last issue which should be solved for high brightness operation in such as ERL. We observed the cathode quantum efficiency evolution in various laser power density and bias voltage. We found that the cathode degradation was due to the ion back-bombardment quantitatively and the deactivation coefficient of NEA surface by one ion collision did not depend on the bias voltage. We report the experimental results and its analysis based on the ion back-bombardment hypothesis.

MOPFI025

Progress Towards High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Beams at RIKEN RIBF

cyclotron, stripper, ECRIS, DTL

333

O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, T. Fujinawa, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, H. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

The RIKEN RIBF(Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory) accelerator complex has been designed and constructed to provide heavy-ion beams from D to U ions with the energy of 400 MeV/u to the maximum. Though the goal intensity is 1 particle μ amperes for the whole mass range, the intensities of very heavy-ions from Ca to U are still not satisfactory. In 2012, owing to the intensity upgrade of ⁴⁸Ca beams from ECR ion source, the beam current of ⁴⁸Ca was 400 pnA which was improved by factors of 2 in comparison with that in 2011. Since 2011, the new injector RILAC2 has been successfully commissioned and operated very stably for beam service time, increasing the U beam intensity by an order of magnitude. Because it was no longer realistic to use carbon foil to strip the charge of intense U beams, in 2012 the Low-Z gas stripper system instead of the standard carbon foil system has been introduced and successfully worked. To accelerate the ²³⁸U⁶⁴⁺ beams provided by the Low-Z gas stripper, modification of the following Fixed-frequency Ring Cyclotron was performed. In 2012, 15 pnA uranium beams which was four times larger than that provided in 2011 has been achieved.

MOPFI026

Thermal Simulations of a New Target Configuration for Production of Radioactive Nuclide

target, neutron, simulation, radiation

336

L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, B. Tang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

China Advanced Rare Ion-beam Facility (CARIF) based on China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) has been proposed in order exploring the frontier of nuclear physics. A target with 5 g 235U is proposed in the project. The thermal neutron fission of 235U will produce radioactive nuclei and the great thermal load (~50 kW). The target of CARIF needs endure high temperature and thermal energy deposit. A new multi-targets configuration is proposed. It consists of several discrete targets instead of traditional single-target structure used in accelerator driven facility. Because there is more thermal radiation area in this configuration, thermal radiation capacity is enhanced, so the target can withstand higher thermal power. The temperature distribution of multi-targets was simulated with finite element code. The results show that the configuration of multi targets can effectively reduce the target temperature. From the perspective of target temperature distribution, the configuration could endure 50kW thermal deposit. It's possible to use 5 g 235U in CARIF for production of radioactive nuclide.

MOPFI027

The Progress of the BRISOL Facility at CIAE

target, ion-source, vacuum, diagnostics

339

B. Tang, L.H. Chen, B.Q. Cui, Q.H. Huang, W. Jiang, R. Ma, Y.J. Ma, Z. Peng
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facilities Isotope Separator On-Line (BRISOL), aiming to generate short life radioactive ion beam (RIB) on-line, is being constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE). Up to now, construction of major equipment for BRISOL is completed, including ion source, vacuum system, separator, optical element, and beam diagnostic system, and assembling is underway in laboratory. The on-site installation of all the beam line will be carried out soon. All the major element prototype including surface ion source, quadrupole, hexapole, multipole and beam diagnostic system have been studied off-line on a test-bench for BRISOL. A Li beam was generated and separated . The primary tests show that the ion source and the optical elements work well. The test charge exchange cell (CEC) is under way. BRISOL will be commissioned next year.

MOPFI029

The Construction Progress of Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility

cyclotron, ISOL, ion-source, vacuum

345

T.J. Zhang, Shizhong. An, B.Q. Cui, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lu, C.H. Peng, F. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The Beijing Radioactive Ion-Beam Facility (BRIF) is being constructed at CIAE. The project consists of a 100 MeV high intensity cyclotron CYCIAE-100, an ISOL system with a mass resolution of 20000, and a superconducting booster. The construction of the building was started on April 28, 2011 and the roof was sealed on Jan. 16, 2012. The on-site installation conditions have been ready since Sept. 27, 2012. Up to now, the fabrication of all major components for CYCIAE-100 have been completed, including the main magnet system, the RF system, ion source and injection, main vacuum, etc. The equipment fabrication for the ISOL system has been completed and magnetic mapping and shimming is being performed on the large-scale analysis magnet. The fabrication of the major components for the superconducting booster has been accomplished, and the work on copper-niobium sputtering is under way. At present, the installation and assembly is in full swing and the beam commissioning is to predicted to be finished in mid 2013. Taking advantage of the experiences accumulated on the CRM cyclotron with beam up to 430 uA, it is likely that the first beams of 100 MeV can be achieved by the end of 2013.

MOPFI033

Commissioning Results and Progress of a Helium Injector for Coupled RFQ and SFRFQ Project at Peking University

rfq, ion-source, emittance, cavity

357

J. Chen, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, Y.T. Luo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Z. Wang, Z.H. Wang, W.L. Xia, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

At Peking University (PKU) a new helium injector for coupled radio frequency quadrupole(RFQ) and separated function radio frequency quadrupole(SFRFQ) within one cavity, so called as coupled RFQ & SFRFQ, was designed recently*. It will provide a 30keV 20mA He⁺ beam whose emittance is less than 0.15 π.mm.mrad for the accelerator. It is a combination of a 2.45GHz PKU PMECRIS (Permanent Magnet ECRIS) and a 1.16 m long LEBT. Within the 1.16 m LEBT, 2 solenoids, 2 steering magnets, a kicker, a space charge compensation section, a collimator, two vacuum valves, a Faraday cup and an ACCT are installed. The manufacture has been completed and the commissioning is on the way. In this paper we will address the commissioning results and its progress.
* Haitao Ren, et al., A Helium Injector for Coupled RFQ and SFRFQ Cavity Project at Peking University. Proc. LINAC’12, Paper TUPB034, Israel, 2012

MOPFI034

First Intense H⁻ Beam Generated by a Microwave-driven Pure Volume Source

electron, ion-source, plasma, extraction

360

S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, Zh.W. Wang, Y. Xu, T. Zhang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, Haidian District, People's Republic of China

The 2.45 GHz Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma generators have demonstrated their efficiency, reproducibility on producing H⁺, D⁺, O+, N+, He+, Ar+* and He2+ at Peking University(PKU). Recently, modifications on magnet field configuration, discharge chamber structure and extraction system have been done to set-up a microwave-driven pure volume H⁻ ion source. First experiment was done on PKU ion source test bench at the beginning of Nov, 2012. A 15 mA H⁻ ion beam has been produced at 40 keV by this prototype source. This paper describes the source principle and design in detail and reports on the current status of the development work.
* H. T. Ren, S. X. Peng*, P. N. Lu, S. Yan, Q. F. Zhou, J. Zhao, Z. X. Yuan, Z. Y. Guo and J. E. Chen, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B905 (2012)

MOPFI035

Preliminary Results of H²⁺ Beam Generated by a 2.45 GHz Permanent Magnet ECR Ion Source at PKU

ion-source, plasma, permanent-magnet, cyclotron

363

Y. Xu, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, Y.T. Luo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Z.H. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Recently, the need to build an ion source generating high current hydrogen molecular ion H²⁺ beam has been growing rapidly. For example, H²⁺ ion can be used as a pilot beam of the intense deuteron beam during the commission phase of linear accelerators to minimize the activation of components. And it is an effective way to improve the output current of cyclotrons by accelerating H²⁺ and stripping it into H⁺ at the exit of accelerator, instead of accelerating H⁺ beam directly. To obtain high-yield H²⁺ ion beam, experimental and theoretical study was carried out on the 2.45 GHz Peking University permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (PKU PMECR). With PMECR II*, studies on the size of discharge chamber and the operation pressure were carried out to increase H²⁺ ion fraction. Beam analysis results prove that the H²⁺ can reach 40.5% with suitable operation parameters. More details will be presented in this paper.
* Zhizhong Song, Shixiang Peng et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 03A305 (2006)
** Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail:
sxpeng@pku.edu.cn.

MOPFI047

Analysis and Design of Matching Unit for a RF Driven Plasma Source for Fusion Purpose

plasma, impedance, ion-source, neutral-beams

389

H.K. Yue
Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
D.Z. Chen, M. Fan, J. Huang, D. Li, X.F. Li, K.F. Liu, C.R. Wan, C. Zhou
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

A RF driven plasma exciter for producing negative ions, aiming for heating and current drive neutral beam injectors for fusion applications, is in developing in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). In order to couple the maximum RF power to the source, the matching unit is designed to match the impedance of the source to that of the RF coaxial line. Firstly, a FEM model was built to estimate the equivalent circuit parameters of the source. Numerical predictions were compared with a small experimental setup to verify the accuracy of the fem model. Based on the numerical results, the RF coil and the matching components were carefully designed. Finally, the matching circuit for the source is developed and tested. Experimental results will be presented in the full paper.

MOPFI052

A New Lead Ion Injection System for the CERN SPS with 50 ns Rise Time

injection, kicker, septum, impedance

398

B. Goddard, O. Aberle, J. Borburgh, E. Carlier, K. Cornelis, L. Ducimetière, L.K. Jensen, T. Kramer, D. Manglunki, A. Mereghetti, V. Mertens, D. Nisbet, B. Salvant, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC High Luminosity upgrade project includes a performance upgrade for heavy ions. One of the present performance limitations is the rise time of the SPS injection kicker system, which imposes a spacing of at least 220 ns between injected bunch trains at the operational rigidity. A reduction of this rise time to 50 ns for lead ions is requested as part of the suite of measures needed to increase the present design performance by a factor three. A new injection system based on a fast pulsed septum and a fast kicker has been proposed to fulfil this rise time requirement, and to meet all the constraints associated with the existing high intensity proton injection in the same region. This paper describes the concept and the required equipment parameters, and explores the implications of such a system for SPS operation.

MOPFI066

An Ultra-Low Energy Electron Beam Ion Trap in Shanghai

electron, plasma, injection, cathode

434

J. Xiao, R. Hutton, X. Jin, D. Lu, B. Tu, Y. Yang, R. Zhao, Y. Zou
Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Electron beam ion traps (EBITs) are very useful tools for disentanglement studies of atomic processes in plasmas. In this paper, a new ultra-low energy EBIT, SH-HtscEBIT, is reported. This EBIT can operate in the electron energy range of 30–4000 eV, with a current density of up to 100 A/cm². The low energy limit of this machine is 30 eV, which is the lowest energy among the EBITs around the world. The maximum magnetic field in the central drift tube region of this EBIT is around 0.25 T, produced by a pair of high temperature superconductor coils. This EBIT is set up for the purpose of disentangling spectroscopic studies of edge plasmas relevant to magnetic fusion devices, and of astro-plasmas. All the elements for the spectroscopic studies can be injected through an injection system. Both the design and the performance of this EBIT are presented.

MOPFI069

Preparation of the Polycrystalline Copper Photocathodes for the VELA RF Photocathode Gun

plasma, gun, electron, cathode

440

R. Valizadeh, A.N. Hannah, K.J. Middleman, B.L. Militsyn, T.C.Q. Noakes, R.N.C. Santer
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M.D. Roper
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The Electron Beam Test Facility (EBTF) is a high performance electron source under commissioning at ASTeC. The photoinjector of the source is based on a S-band photocathode RF gun operating with a copper photocathode which is driven by a third harmonic of Ti: Sapphire laser (266 nm). The photocathode used in the RF gun is an integrated part of the gun cavity which is polycrystalline copper disk, polished to 1um roughness, and is placed at the back wall of the first 0.5 cell in the gun cavity. In order to accomplish a procedure to activate surface prior installation, copper test samples with roughness of 0.1 um were prepared by different techniques. The best results have been obtained by ex-situ plasma cleaning in an oxygen atmosphere. Analyses showed that there was no carbon on the surface and the surface was composed of copper oxide. After heating the sample in-situ to 220 C for almost all the surface oxide was removed. For this surface a QE of 2 x10^-5 was measured. Further heating to higher temperature did not result in any improvement either in surface composition nor a noticeable increase in QE. Prepared such a way operational photocathode is now under commissioning in the gun.

MOPFI071

High Power Cyclotrons for the Neutrino Experiments DAEδALUS and IsoDAR

cyclotron, proton, ion-source, electron

446

R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, A.M. Kolano
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
A. Adelmann
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
J.R. Alonso
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
F. Méot
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

DAEδALUS (Decay At rest Experiment for δ_cp At a Laboratory for Underground Science) has been proposed to measure the value of the CP violating phase delta through the oscillation of low energy muon anti-neutrinos to electron antineutrinos. With a single large detector, three accelerators at different distances enable the oscillation to be measured with sufficient accuracy. We have proposed the superconducting multi-megawatt DAEδALUS Supercinducting Ring Cyclotron (DSRC) as the means of producing the 800 MeV 12 mA protons required, through the acceleration of H₂⁺, ions with highly efficient stripping extraction. The DSRC comprises twin ion sources and injector cyclotrons, followed by a booster. The injector cyclotron can also be used for a separate experiment, IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest) in which low energy protons produce Lithium 8, and thus a very pure electron antineutrino source which can be used to measure, or rule out, short range oscillation to a sterile neutrino. We describe recent developments in the designs of the injector and the booster, and the prospects for the two experiments.

MOPFI082

Redesign and Development of the Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap

electron, vacuum, alignment, cryogenics

467

D. Lu, Y. Shen, Z. Shi, J. Xiao, Y. Yang, Y. Zou
Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Over the last few years the Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) has been successfully redesigned and rebuilt. The original machine, developed under collaboration with the Shanghai Institute of Nuclear and Applied Physics, first generated an electron beam in 2005. Shanghai EBIT could be operated with electron beam energies between 1 and 130 keV and currents up to 160 mAmps. After several years of operation, it was found that some improvements/modifications to the old design were necessary. This contribution will discuss several of the main aspects of the redesigned Shanghai EBIT. So far it has been operated up to an electron energy of 40 keV with an current density of over 2400 A per square cm. The new EBIT is made primarily from Titanium instead of Stainless Steel and has an order of magnitude better background vacuum, a more efficient and economical cryogenic system, and also excellent optical alignment. Finally the magnetic field in the central drift tube region can reach up till 4.8 T.

MOPME013

20 Years of Development of SQUID-based Cryogenic Current Comparator for Beam Diagnostics

pick-up, cryogenics, shielding, niobium

497

W. Vodel
HIJ, Jena, Germany
R. Geithner, R. Neubert, P. Seidel
FSU Jena, Jena, Germany
K.K. Knaack, K. Wittenburg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Peters
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
H. Reeg, M. Schwickert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

This contribution gives an overview on the development of highly sensitive SQUID-based Cryogenic Current Comparators (CCC) for nuclear physics from the first successful demonstration of its performance at GSI Darmstadt through the latest improved version for FAIR and the Cryogenic Storage Ring at MPI Heidelberg. An absolute and exact measurement of the intensity of charged particle beams - extracted from an accelerator or circulating in a Storage Ring - is one of the major problems of beam diagnosis. Also the measurement of so-called dark currents, generated by super-conductive RF accelerator cavities at high voltage gradients to characterize the quality of these components becomes more and more important for the commissioning of new accelerators (XFEL at DESY). The Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) based on high precision LTS SQUIDs is an excellent tool to solve these problems.

MOPME021

Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) of J-PARC 3-GeV RCS

electron, injection, acceleration, vacuum

515

H. Harada, K. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
S. Kato
Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan

Ionization profile monitors (IPM) were installed in the 3-GeV RCS ring of J-PARC and used to observe the beam-profile for the transverse plane in beam commissioning. These electrodes and MCPs of IPMs were upgraded in 2012 summer shutdown in order to improve the external electric field for leading the electrons and ions to MCPs. This presentation will be described the results of observed beam profile in beam commissioning and be discussed the new issues for the ion and electron collection mode.

MOPME029

Multi-strip Current Monitor for Pulsed Laser Plasma Diagnostics

plasma, laser, rfq, target

538

Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

A compact position-sensitive beam instrumentation devise is under development. The beam detection area of this devise is composed of multi-strip electrodes and scanned by multiplexers, which reduces the number of read-out lines and feed-through connectors. Combined with an electrostatic deflector and ToF information, this monitor can discriminate charge to mass ratios of particles. A prototype of this monitor is fabricated for measurement of ion distribution and charge state in laser induced plasma. This model has fifteen strip electrodes and the multiplexed signal and the clock signal are read out through two coaxial cables. Thus, only three cables are needed including a +5V power supply line. The test result will be presented.

MOPME035

Design of a Non-Intercepting Beam Diagnostic Device Using Neutral Beam Fluorescence Method

emittance, neutral-beams, diagnostics, target

547

J. Zhao, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, S.X. Peng, H.T. Ren, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, T. Zhang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The forward neutral beam from deflecting magntic field carries some characteristic properties of high intensity particle beams, such as profile, emittance etc. Therefore a reliable measurement of neutral beam fluorescence can be used to develop a fast and non-interceptive beam diagnostic tool. A non-intercepting beam emittance (profile) monitor using neutral beam fluorescence method has being constructed at Peking University. As a performance test, an emttiance of an extracted proton beam from a permanent magnetic electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was successfully measured. The details of design and results of measurement will be presented in this paper.

MOPME059

R&D of a Beam Position Monitor for RISP

linac, impedance, heavy-ion, pick-up

607

E.-S. Kim
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea
A. Heo
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
H.K. Park
CHEP, Daegu, Republic of Korea

We have investigated on the R&D of stripline beam position monitor for the heavy-ion accelearator at Korea. We present the detailed design and fabrications on the beam position monitor in superconducting linac that the beam is accelerated to 200 MeV/u.

MOPME072

Performance Tests of a Short Faraday Cup Designed for HIE-ISOLDE

electron, diagnostics, cryomodule, cryogenics

646

E.D. Cantero, W. Andreazza, E. Bravin, M.A. Fraser, D. Lanaia, A.G. Sosa, D. Voulot
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: E.D.C, D.L. and A.S. acknowledge CATHI Marie Curie ITN: EU-FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN Project number 264330. M.A.F acknowledges co-funding by the European Commission (Grant agreement PCOFUND-GA-2010-267194)
The On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) facility at CERN is being upgraded in order to deliver higher energy and intensity radioactive beams. The final setup will consist in replacing the energy variable part of the normal conducting REX post-accelerator with superconducting cavities. In order to preserve the beam emittance, the drift space between the cryomodules housing these cavities has been kept to a minimum. As a consequence, the longitudinal space available for beam diagnostics is severely limited in the inter-cryomodule regions. A Faraday cup (FC) will be installed to measure beam currents, and due to the tight spatial constraints, its length is much smaller than usual. This poses a great challenge when trying to avoid the escape of ion-induced secondary electrons, which would falsify the current measurement. Two prototypes of such a short FC have therefore been tested at REX-ISOLDE using several beam intensities and energies, with the aim of determining its accuracy. In this paper the experimental results obtained for the two prototype cups are presented together with numerical calculations of the electrostatic fields that are produced inside the cup.

MOPWA001

Development of a High Precision Integrator for Analog Signals to Measure Magnetic Fields in Realtime

pick-up, synchrotron, controls, feedback

661

E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

For the Magnetic Field Control of the synchrotron at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre the magnetic fields are measured with a pickup coil along the beam pipe. The induced pickup voltage, corresponding to changes in the magnetic field, has to be integrated in realtime to determine the actual field. A high precision integrator has been developed to measure fields with an accuracy of 4ppm over 10 seconds. This new integrator has a very low drift and calibrates during the measurement. It is the fastest and most accurate integrator for integrating analoge voltages in realtime.

MOPWA014

Research and Design of Digital Power Supply for HIRFL-RIBLL Corrector Magnet

power-supply, controls, feedback, secondary-beams

690

Y.Z. Huang, Y.X. Chen, D.Q. Gao, J.B. Shangguan, R.K. Wang, H.H. Yan, Z.Z. Zhou
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

One digital power supply was designed for RIBLL (Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou) corrector magnet at HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou). Adopting two parallel connected IGBT full-bridges as the power circuit topology, the power supply can generate bipolar DC current when it runs in the fourquadrant working states, which well meets the requirements of corrector magnet. SOPC platform of Altera based on Nios II is chosen to design the digital power supply regulator. Employing FPGA as the control core and utilizing SOPC principles, the digital regulator is designed against special requirements of accelerator power supply. The test results indicate that performance of the power supply can meet the design requirements.

MOPWA038

Flashbox Compact Beam Spectrometer and its Application to the High-gradient Acceleration Study

electron, dipole, acceleration, accelerating-gradient

753

A. Dubrovskiy, F. Tecker
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Jacewicz, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

A Flashbox compact spectrometer has been developed for the Two-beam Test Stand (TBTS), which is a part of the CLIC test facility CTF3 at CERN. It is used to study limitations of high-gradient acceleration in X-band structures being prototyped in the TBTS. The Flashbox is built around the beam tube such that an electron beam can pass to be accelerated in the X-band structure while charged particles emitted from the accelerating structure can be intercepted on the spectrometer consisting of detector plates aligned along the beam axis in combination with magnetic and electric fields. The Flashbox has made it possible to identify electrons and ions emitted by the accelerating structure during RF breakdown. We describe the Flashbox and first results.

MOPWA049

Status Report of the FETS Photo Detachment Emittance Instrument at RAL

laser, emittance, diagnostics, dipole

783

C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
V.E. Scarpine
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

The Front End Test Stand at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is being developed to demonstrate a chopped H⁻ beam of 60 mA at 3 MeV with 10% duty cycle. Due to the high beam power it is advisable to use the technique of photo detachment to avoid intrusive methods. It is intended to apply this technique to perform emittance measurements at the output of the RFQ at full power. This requires a dedicated diagnostics dipole with a special-made vacuum chamber giving room for the different beam paths necessary to install a particle detector to measure the produced neutrals. Other aspects are the beam transport and influence of the dipole and its fringe field to the beam transport Other considerations are the installation of the laser, the optics and the particle detector itself.

MOPWA062

Transverse Beam Halo Measurements at High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) using Vibrating Wire Monitor

target, proton, linac, ion-source

819

M. Chung, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, V.D. Shiltsev, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
S. Artinian
BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly, France
S.G. Arutunian
ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia

Funding: Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Measurement and control of transverse beam halo will be critical for the applications of future high-intensity hadron linacs. In particular, beam profile monitors require a very high dynamic range when using for transverse beam halo measurements. In this study, the Vibrating Wire Monitor (VWM) with aperture 60 mm was installed at the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) front-end to measure transverse beam halo. A vibrating wire is excited at its resonance frequency with the help of a magnetic feedback loop, and the vibrating and sensitive wires are connected through a balanced arm. The sensitive wire is moved into the beam halo region by a stepper motor controlled translational stage. We study the feasibility of the vibrating wire for transverse beam halo measurements in the low-energy front-end of the proton linac.

MOPWO006

Eigenmode Computation for the GSI SIS18 Ferrite Cavity

cavity, resonance, heavy-ion, synchrotron

894

K. Klopfer, W. Ackermann, T. Weiland
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Supported by GSI
At the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 is operated to further accelerate stable nuclei of elements with different atomic numbers. Two ferrite-loaded cavity resonators are installed within this ring. During the acceleration phase their resonance frequency has to be adjusted to the revolution frequency of the heavy-ions to reflect their increasing speed. To this end, dedicated biased ferrite-ring cores are installed inside the cavities for a broad frequency tuning. By properly choosing a suited bias current, the differential permeability of the ferrite material is modified, which finally enables to adjust the eigenfrequency of the resonator system. Consequently, the actual resonance frequency strongly depends on the magnetic properties of the ferrites. The goal of the current study is to numerically determine the lowest eigensolutions of the GSI SIS18 ferrite-loaded cavity. For this purpose, a new solver based on the Finite Integration Technique has been developed.

MOPWO009

Numerical Studies on the Impact of Ionized Residual Gas on an Electron Beam in an ERL

emittance, electron, simulation, linac

903

G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen
Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
A. Meseck
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Supported by BMBF under contract number 05K10HRC
Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) are the most promising candidates for next-generation light sources now under active development. An optimal performance of these machines requires the preservation of the high beam brightness generated in the injector. For this, the impact of the ionized residual gas on the beam has to be avoided as it causes instabilities and emittance growth. Typical measures to reduce the effect of ion clouds are clearing electrodes and clearing gaps in the bunch train. In this paper, we present numerical studies of the impact of ion clouds on the electron bunch train. The simulations are performed with the software package MOEVE PIC Tracking developed at Rostock University. ’The model for the bunch and the ion cloud takes into account a distribution of macro particles. The interaction of the bunch with the ion cloud is computed with a 3D space charge model. Hence, particle tracking allows for detailed studies of bunch characteristics such as the emittance. The presented numerical investigations take into account the parameters of the ERL BERLinPro with the objective to deduce appropriate measures for the design and operation of BERLinPro.

MOPWO014

Numerical Methods to the Space Charge Compensation (SCC) Effect of the LEBT Beam

electron, space-charge, simulation, ion-source

915

S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, Y.T. Luo, H.T. Ren, Z.H. Wang, Y. Xu, T. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Numerical simulation as well as experimental researches on space charge compensation for high intensity, low energy ion beam has been done at Peking University (PKU). In this paper we will describe the simulation model proposed at PKU and use it on the PKU ECR single-charged ion source. It consists of a new concept of equivalent density and more consideration of physical process. A series of arithmetical equations is gained through theoretical derivation. Although no numerical solutions have been carried out from our computation, it is foreseeable that the final result will be achieved soon.

MOPWO028

Recent Developments and Future Plans for SixTrack

simulation, collimation, HOM, multipole

948

R. De Maria, R. Bruce, R. Calaga, L. Deniau, M. Fjellstrom, M. Giovannozzi, L. Lari, Y.I. Levinsen, E. McIntosh, A. Mereghetti, D. Pastor Sinuela, S. Redaelli, H. Renshall, A. Rossi, F. Schmidt, R. Tomás, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Appleby, D.R. Brett
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
D. Banfi, J. Barranco
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
B. Dalena
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
L. Lari
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
V. Previtali
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
G. Robert-Demolaize
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: The HiLumi LHC Design Study is included in the HL-LHC project and is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404.
SixTrack is a symplectic 6D tracking code routinely used to simulate single particle trajectories in high energy circular machines like the LHC and RHIC. The paper presents the developments recently implemented and those foreseen for extending the physics models: exact Hamiltonian, different ions and charge states, RF multipoles, non-linear fringe fields, Taylor maps, e-lenses, ion scattering. Moreover new functionalities are also added like variable number of tracked particles, time dependent strengths, GPU computations with a refactoring of the core structure. The developments will benefit studies on the LHC and SPS, for collimation efficiency, ion operations, failure scenarios and HL-LHC design.

MOPWO071

Coherent Electron Cooling: Status of Single-Pass Simulations

electron, simulation, FEL, bunching

1049

B.T. Schwartz, G.I. Bell, I.V. Pogorelov, S.D. Webb
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
D.L. Bruhwiler
CIPS, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Y. Hao, V. Litvinenko, G. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S. Reiche
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: US DOE Office of Science. Contracts DE-FC02-07ER41499, DE-FG02-08ER85182, DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Advances in nuclear physics depend on experiments that employ relativistic hadron accelerators with dramatically increased luminosity. Current methods of increasing hadron beam luminosity include stochastic cooling and electron cooling; however, these approaches face serious difficulties at the high intensities and high energies proposed for eRHIC *. Coherent electron cooling promises to cool hadron beams at a much faster rate**. A single pass of an ion through a coherent electron cooler involves the ion's modulating the charge density of a copropagating electron beam, amplification of the modulated electron beam in a free-electron laser, and energy correction of the ion in the kicker section. Numerical simulations of these three components are underway, using the parallel Vorpal framework and Genesis 1.3, with careful coupling between the two codes. Here we present validations of two components of the simulations: Adding bunching to an electron beam at the start of an FEL, and the time-dependent charge density modulation in the kicker.
* http://www.bnl.gov/cad/eRHIC/
** V.N. Litvinenko and Y.S. Derbenev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 114801 (2009).

MOPWO077

Design of the Proposed Low Energy Ion Collider Ring at Jefferson Lab

booster, collider, electron, interaction-region

1058

E.W. Nissen, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The polarized Medium energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) envisioned at Jefferson Lab will cover a range of center-of-mass energies up to 65 GeV. The present MEIC design could also allow the accommodation of low energy electron-ion collisions (LEIC) for additional science reach. This paper presents the first design of the low energy ion collider ring which is converted from the large ion booster of MEIC. It can reach up to 25 GeV energy for protons and equivalent ion energies of the same magnetic rigidity. An interaction region and an electron cooler designed for MEIC are integrated into the low energy collider ring, in addition to other required new elements including crab cavities and ion spin rotators, for later reuse in MEIC itself. A pair of vertical chicanes which brings the low energy ion beams to the plane of the electron ring and back to the low energy ion ring are also part of the design.

MOPWO078

A Harmonic Kicker Scheme for the Circulator Cooler Ring in the Medium Energy Electron-ion Collider

kicker, electron, collider, FEL

1061

E.W. Nissen, A. Hutton, A.J. Kimber
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The current electron cooler design for the proposed Medium Energy Electron-Ion collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab utilizes a circulator ring for reuse of the cooling electron bunch up to 100 times to cool the ion beams. This cooler requires a fast kicker system for injecting and extracting individual bunches in the circulator ring. Such a kicker must work at a high repetition rate, up to 7.5 to 75 MHz depending on the number of turns in the recirculator ring. It also must have a very short rise and fall time (of order of 1 ns) such that it will kick an individual bunch without disturbing the others in the ring. Both requirements are orders of magnitude beyond the present state-of-the-art as well as the goals of other on-going kicker R&D programs such as that for the ILC damping rings. In this paper we report a scheme of creating this fast, high repetition rate kicker by combining RF waveforms at multiple frequencies to create a kicker waveform that will, for example, kick every eleventh bunch while leaving the other ten unperturbed. We also present a possible implementation of this scheme as well as discuss its limitations.

MOPWO081

The Scheme of Beam Synchronization in MEIC

electron, collider, proton, SRF

1067

Y. Zhang, Y.S. Derbenev, A. Hutton
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Synchronizing colliding beams at single or multiple collision points is a critical R&D issue in the design of a medium energy electron-ion collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab. The path-length variation due to changes in the ion energy, which varies over 20 to 100 GeV, could be more than several times the bunch spacing. The scheme adopted in the present MEIC baseline is centered on varying the number of bunches (i.e., harmonic number) stored in the collider ring. This could provide a set of discrete energies for proton or ions such that the beam synchronization condition is satisfied. To cover the ion energy between these synchronized values, we further propose to vary simultaneously the electron ring circumference and the frequency of the RF systems in both collider rings. We also present in this paper the requirement of frequency tunability of SRF cavities to support the scheme.

MOPWO083

LEIC - A Polarized Low Energy Electron-ion Collider at Jefferson Lab

electron, collider, booster, proton

1070

Y. Zhang, Y.S. Derbenev, A. Hutton, G.A. Krafft, R. Li, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, E.W. Nissen, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, S. Wang, B.C. Yunn, H. Zhang
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.K. Sullivan
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A polarized electron-ion collider is envisioned as the future nuclear science program at JLab beyond the 12 GeV CEBAF. Presently, a medium energy collider (MEIC) is set as an immediate goal with options for a future energy upgrade. A comprehensive design report for MEIC has been released recently. The MEIC facility could also accommodate electron and proton/ion collisions in a low CM energy range, covering proton energies from 10 to 25 GeV and ion energies with a similar magnetic rigidity, for additional science reach. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of this low energy collider, LEIC, showing its luminosity can reach above 10³³ cm^-2s⁻¹. The design specifies that the large booster of the MEIC is converted to a low energy ion collider ring with an interaction region and an electron cooler integrated into it. The design provides options for either sharing the detector with the MEIC or a dedicated low energy detector in a third collision point, with advantages of either a minimum cost or extra detection parallel to the MEIC operation, respectively. The LEIC could be positioned as the first and low cost phase of a multi-stage approach to realize the full MEIC.

TUXB101

Status of the FAIR Facility

antiproton, target, heavy-ion, storage-ring

1085

O.K. Kester
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The unique facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR will deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. In addition, the beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for a cutting edge physics program. Therefore a unique accelerator facility using cutting edge technology will be built until 2018. The challenges are heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, antiproton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Here new kind of superconducting magnets, rf-systems, injection and extraction systems and beam diagnostics will be applied. As the construction of the FAIR facility and procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements status and infrastructure preparation will be provided.

Slides TUXB101 [9.587 MB]

TUOAB101

Installation and Commissioning of the 1.1 MW Deuteron Prototype Linac for IFMIF

neutron, rfq, linac, proton

1090

J. Knaster
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
P. Cara, A. Mosnier
Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
S. Chel
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
J. Molla
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
H. Suzuki
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC), Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan

IFMIF, the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility, will learn the degradation of the mechanical properties of purpose designed reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steels under bombardment of 14 MeV neutrons at 10¹⁸ n/m²s flux reaching values of 150 displacements per atom in the steel lattice. The understanding of the impact of Deuterium-Tritium fusion neutrons in next decade is essential to design and construct a fusion power plant; the next step after ITER. The 14 MeV neutrons are stripped from a liquid Li screen flowing at 15 m/s impacted by 2 parallel 125 mA deuteron beam at 40 MeV. IFMIF project, in its engineering validation phase, will operate in Rokkasho a 125 mA deuteron LINAC at 9 MeV that will validate the concept of IFMIF accelerator, LIPAc. The ion source will inject 140 mA deuterons at 100 KeV in a normal-conducting RFQ that will deliver the bunched beam at 5MeV to be accelerated up to 9 MeV thanks to 8 half-wave superconducting resonators. The installation and commissioning of LIPAc in Rokkasho (Japan) is sequential and the first stage is starting now; the strategy to overcome potential difficulties is detailed.

Slides TUOAB101 [2.396 MB]

TUOAB102

Project X Injector Experiment: Goals, Plan and Status

kicker, rfq, cryomodule, solenoid

1093

A.V. Shemyakin, S.D. Holmes, D.E. Johnson, M. Kaducak, R.D. Kephart, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, S. Nagaitsev, N. Solyak, R.P. Stanek, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
D. Li
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No.DE-AC02-07CH11359
A multi-MW proton facility, Project X, has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. We are carrying out a program of research and development aimed at integrated systems testing of critical components comprising the front end of the Project X. This program is being undertaken as a key component of the larger Project X R&D program. The successful completion of this program will validate the concept for the Project X front end, thereby minimizing a primary technical risk element within Project X. Integrated systems testing, known as the Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE), will be accomplished with a new test facility under construction at Fermilab and will be completed over the period FY12- 17. PXIE will include an H⁻ ion source, a CW 2.1-MeV RFQ and two superconductive RF (SRF) cryomodules providing up to 25 MeV energy gain at an average beam current of 1 mA (upgradable to 2 mA). Successful systems testing will also demonstrate the viability of novel front end technologies that are expected find applications beyond Project X.

Slides TUOAB102 [1.615 MB]

TUPEA016

Relativistic Theory for Laser-ion Acceleration

acceleration, electron, plasma, laser

1193

Y.S. Huang, Y.J. Shi, X.Z. Tang, N.Y. Wang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: The Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research (973 Program) under contract No. 2011CB808104 and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation under contract No. 11105233.
An analytical relativistic model is proposed to describe the relativistic ion acceleration in the interaction of ultra-intense laser pulses with thin-foil plasmas. It is found that there is a critical value of the ion momentum to make sure that the ions are trapped by the light sail and accelerated in the radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) region. If the initial ion momentum is smaller than the critical value, that is in the classical case of RPA, the potential has a deep well and traps the ions to be accelerated. There is a new ion acceleration region different from RPA, called ultra-relativistic acceleration, if the ion momentum exceeds the critical value. In this case, ions will experience a potential downhill. The dependence of the ion momentum and the self-similar variable at the ion front on the acceleration time has been obtained. The critical conditions of the laser and plasma parameters which identify the two acceleration modes have been achieved. No matter RPA or ultra-relativistic acceleration, the potential difference is a constant, which dedicates the maximum ion energy.

TUPEA062

Advanced Gabor Lens Lattice for Medical Applications

laser, proton, space-charge, focusing

1277

J.K. Pozimski, M. Aslaninejad, P.A. Posocco
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The widespread introduction of Hadron therapy for cancer treatment is inhibited by the large costs for the accelerator and treatment facility and the subsequent maintenance costs which reflects into the cost per treatment. In the long term future (laser) plasma wakefield accelerated hadrons could offer compact treatment devices with significantly reduced treatment costs. In the moment the particle distributions produced by such accelerators do not fulfill the medical requirements. Beside the reliable production of a sufficient number of ions at the required energy the formation of a particle beam suitable for treatment from the burst of ions created in the acceleration process is one of the major challenges. While conventional optical systems will be operating at the technical limits which would be contradictory to the cost argument, space charge lenses of the Gabor type might be a cost effective alternative. An advanced beam line consisting of Gabor lenses, a few cavities and an dipole will be presented together with results from particle transport simulations.

TUPFI009

NICA project at JINR

collider, booster, luminosity, heavy-ion

1343

G.V. Trubnikov, N.N. Agapov, E.D. Donets, V.V. Fimushkin, E.V. Gorbachev, A. Govorov, E.V. Ivanov, V. Karpinsky, V.D. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, A.D. Kovalenko, K.A. Levterov, V.A. Matveev, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhailov, V. Monchinsky, S. Romanov, N. Shurkhno, A.O. Sidorin, V. Slepnev, A.V. Smirnov, A. Sorin, N.D. Topilin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, A.V. Eliseev, O.S. Kozlov, A.V. Philippov, N.V. Semin, A. Tuzikov, V. Volkov
JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is a new accelerator complex being constructed at JINR aimed to provide the collider experiments with ion-ion (Au⁷⁹⁺) and ion-proton collisions at the energy range of 1-4.5 GeV/n and also the collisions of polarized proton-proton and deuteron-deuteron beams. Progress in the project realization is reported.

TUPFI014

HLLHCV1.0: HL-LHC Layout and Optics Models for 150 mm Nb3Sn Triplets and Local Crab-cavities

optics, quadrupole, injection, sextupole

1358

R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.V. Bogomyagkov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
M. Korostelev
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: The HiLumi LHC Design Study is included in the HL-LHC project and is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404.
The paper presents the latest layout and optics models for the HL-LHC upgrade project. As an evolution from the previous version SLHCV3.1b, it integrates the new Nb3Sn triplet (140T/m, 150mm) with all the additional magnets needed to be compatible with a β^* reach of 15cm and beyond. The collision optics implements the ATS* scheme which is able to provide very low value of β^* and at the same time warrants outstanding control of the chromatic aberrations within the strength limits of the existing arc sextupole scheme of the LHC. The optics models include the injection and collision optics for proton and ion operations foreseen for the HL-LHC, with improved squeeze-ability of the existing IR2 and IR8 insertions, and all the corresponding optic transitions. An aperture model and a series of optics matched in thin lenses complete the needs for a large range of dedicated beam dynamic studies (dynamic aperture, beam-beam effects, collimation).
* S. Fartoukh, ‘’An Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme for LHC Upgrade’’, in proceedings of IPAC11, p. 2088.

TUPFI025

Bunch-by-Bunch Analysis of the LHC Heavy-Ion Luminosity

luminosity, injection, emittance, simulation

1391

M. Schaumann, J.M. Jowett
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

After the first run in 2010, the LHC continued its heavy-ion operation with collisions of lead nuclei in late 2011. The beam dynamics of those high intensity lead beams are strongly influenced by intra-beam scattering (IBS), especially on the injection plateau. Each batch injected from the SPS spends a different time at injection, introducing significant changes from batch to batch. Within the batches there is an even larger spread imprinted by the SPS injection plateau. This results in a spread of the luminosity produced in each bunch crossing. The particle losses during collisions are dominated by nuclear electromagnetic processes, leading to a non-exponential intensity decay during the fill and short luminosity lifetime at 3.5 Z TeV. The luminosity, emittance, intensity and bunch length evolution of the 2011 run was analysed bunch-by-bunch and compared with simulations. Based on this analysis, estimates of the potential luminosity performance at 6.5 Z TeV, after the present shutdown, are given.

TUPFI030

LHC Machine Developments in 2011-12

optics, luminosity, collimation, octupole

1406

G. Papotti, R.W. Aßmann, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In 2011 and 2012 LHC machine development (MD) sessions were performed during dedicated slots of beam time. These MD studies were scheduled and planned well in advance. Study topics reflected the previously agreed priorities, such as further optimizing machine performance, exploring beam parameters beyond design targets, assessing machine limitations, testing new concepts and machine settings, preparing future LHC running in view of the 2013/14 LHC shutdown and the re-commissioning of the LHC at nominal beam energy in 2014/15. We describe the planning, preparation, execution, review, and documentation of these LHC beam studies and highlight some key results.

TUPFI053

Transient Beam Loading Effects in Gas-filled RF Cavities for a Muon Collider

cavity, plasma, beam-loading, electron

1463

M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
B.T. Freemire
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
A gas-filled RF cavity can be an effective solution for the development of a compact muon ionization cooling channel. One possible problem expected in this type of cavity is the dissipation of significant RF power through the beam-induced plasmas accumulated inside the cavity (plasma loading). In addition, for the higher muon beam intensity, the effects of the beam itself on the cavity fields in the accelerating mode are non-negligible (beam loading). These beam-cavity interactions induce a transient phase which may be very harmful to the beam quality. In this study, we estimate the transient voltage in a gas-filled RF cavity with both the plasma and conventional beam loading and discuss their compensation methods.

TUPFI058

Simulation of Beam-induced Gas Plasma in High Gradient RF Field for Muon Colliders

electron, simulation, plasma, electromagnetic-fields

1478

K. Yonehara, M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
B.T. Freemire
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
Muons. Inc., USA
R.D. Ryne
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
V. Samulyak
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K. Yu
SBU, Stony Brook, USA

There is a strong limit of available RF gradient in a vacuum RF cavity under magnetic fields because the magnetic field enhances a dark current density due to electron focusing and increases probability of an electric breakdown. This limits the cooling performance. A dense hydrogen gas filled RF cavity can break this limit because the gas acts as a buffer of dark current. However, RF power loading due to a beam-induced plasma in a dense gas filled RF cavity (plasma loading effect) is crucial to design the practical cavity. Experiment shows that the plasma loading can be mitigated in denser hydrogen gas and by doping a small amount of electronegative gas in the cavity. A complicate plasma chemical reaction should be dominated in such a dense hydrogen gas condition. A beam-induced plasma is simulated by taking into account the plasma chemistry to reproduce the condition by using the supercomputer at LBNL. We will also investigate the space charge effect in a dense gas in this effort.

TUPFI059

Summary of Dense Hydrogen Gas Filled RF Cavity Tests for Muon Acceleration

proton, electron, plasma, photon

1481

K. Yonehara, M. Chung, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, A.V. Tollestrup
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
R.P. Johnson
Muons. Inc., USA

Dense hydrogen gas filled RF cavity has a great potential to accelerate a large phase space muon beam in a strong magnetic field. The concept of novel RF cavity has been demonstrated by using an intense proton beam at Fermilab. The experimental result was agreed extremely well with the conventional dilute plasma physic. Based on the model, the beam-induced plasma in the gas filled RF cavity could be controlled by adding a small amount of electronegative gas in dense hydrogen gas. Overview of these experiments will be shown in this presentation.

TUPFI064

Beam Induced Plasma Dynamics in a High Pressure Gas-Filled RF Test Cell for use in a Muon Cooling Channel

electron, cavity, plasma, proton

1496

B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
M. Chung, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
M.G. Collura
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
R.P. Johnson
Muons. Inc., USA

Filling an RF cavity with a high pressure gas prevents breakdown when the cavity is place in a multi-Tesla external magnetic field. The choice of hydrogen gas provides the additional benefit of cooling a beam of muons. A beam of particles traversing the cavity, be it muons or protons, ionizes the gas, creating an electron-ion plasma which absorbs energy from the cavity. The ionization rate can be calculated from a beam intensity measurement. Energy loss measurements indicate the loading per RF cycle per electron-ion pair range from 10^-18 to 10^-16 Joules in pure hydrogen, and 10^-20 to 10^-18 Joules when hydrogen is doped with dry air. The addition of an electronegative gas (oxygen) has been observed to reduce the lifetime of ionization electrons in the cavity to below 1 nanosecond. Additionally, the recombination rate of electrons and hydrogen ions has been measured to be on the order of 10^-6 cubic centimeters per second. The recombination mechanism and hydrogen ion species, along with the three-body attachment process of electrons to oxygen, will be discussed.

TUPFI076

First RHIC Collider Test Operation at 2.5GeV Beam Energy

multipole, dipole, injection, luminosity

1523

C. Montag, L. A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
To search for the critical point in the QCD phase diagram, RHIC needs to operate at a set of low gold beam energies between 2.5 and 20 GeV per nucleon. During run 12, first successful collider operation at the lowest energy of 2.5 GeV per nucleon was achieved. We present the challenges and achieved results, and discuss possible future upgrades and improvements.

TUPFI078

Measurement of the Total Cross Section of Uranium-uranium Collisions at a Center-of-mass Energy of 192.8 GeV per Nucleon-pair

beam-losses, luminosity, scattering, emittance

1529

W. Fischer, A.J. Baltz, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Drees, D.M. Gassner, Y. Luo, M.G. Minty, P. Thieberger, M. Wilinski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
I.A. Pshenichnov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Heavy ion cross sections totaling several hundred barns have been calculated previously for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These total cross sections are more than an order of magnitude larger than the geometric ion-ion cross sections, primarily due to Bound-Free Pair Production (BFPP) and Electro-Magnetic Dissociation (EMD). Apart from a general interest in verifying the calculations experimentally, an accurate prediction of the losses created in the heavy ion collisions is of practical interest for the LHC, where some collision products are lost in cryogenically cooled magnets and have the potential to quench these magnets. In the 2012 RHIC run uranium ions collided with each other at a center-of-mass energy of 192.8 GeV per nucleon-pair with nearly all beam losses due to collisions. This allows for the measurement of the total cross section and a comparison with calculations.

TUPFI081

Progress with Coherent Electron Cooling Proof-Of-Principle Experiment

cavity, electron, gun, undulator

1535

I. Pinayev, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, K.A. Brown, J.C. Brutus, L. DeSanto, A. Elizarov, C. Folz, D.M. Gassner, Y. Hao, R.L. Hulsart, Y.C. Jing, D. Kayran, R.F. Lambiase, V. Litvinenko, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, W. Meng, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, P. Orfin, A. Pendzick, F. Randazzo, T. Rao, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, B. Sheehy, J. Skaritka, K.S. Smith, L. Snydstrup, R. Than, R.J. Todd, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, D. Weiss, M. Wilinski, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
G.I. Bell, J.R. Cary, K. Paul, B.T. Schwartz, S.D. Webb
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
C.H. Boulware, T.L. Grimm, R. Jecks, N. Miller
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
M.A. Kholopov, P. Vobly
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
M. Poelker
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

We conduct proof-of-the-principle experiment of coherent electron cooling (CEC), which has a potential to significantly boost luminosity of high-energy, high-intensity hadron colliders. In this paper, we present the progress with experimental equipment including the first tests of the electron gun and the magnetic measurements of the wiggler prototype. We describe current design status as well as near future plans.

TUPFI082

RHIC Performance for FY2012 Heavy Ion Run

luminosity, booster, feedback, heavy-ion

1538

Y. Luo, J.G. Alessi, M. Bai, E.N. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, A.I. Pikin, P.H. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In the 2012 RHIC heavy ion run, we collided 96.4~GeV U-U ions and 100~GeV Cu-Au ions for the first time in RHIC. The new pre-injector with the electron-beam ion source (EBIS) was used to provide ions for RHIC ion collisions for the first time. By adding the horizontal cooling, the powerful 3-D stochastic cooling largely enhanced the luminosity. With the double bunch merging in the Booster and AGS, the bunch intensities of Cu and Au ions in RHIC surpassed their projections. Both PHENIX and STAR detectors reached their integrated luminosity goals for the U-U and Cu-Au collisions. In this article we review the machine improvement and performance in this run.

TUPME046

Performance of SPS Low Transition Energy Optics for LHC Ion Beams

optics, emittance, scattering, space-charge

1667

F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, D. Manglunki, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

An optics with low transition energy has been developed in the SPS for removing intensity limitations of the LHC proton beam and has become operational towards the second part of the 2012 LHC proton run. This optics was also used for filling the LHC with lead ions during the p/Pb run of the beginning of 2013. The impact of this optics in the performance of the LHC ion beam is studied here, especially with respect to collective effects, at the SPS injection energy. In particular, the potential gain of the increased beam sizes provided by this optics, with respect to losses and emittance blow up due to space-charge and Intrabeam Scattering (IBS) is evaluated. The measured lifetime is compared with the one provided by the Touschek effect and its interplay with RF noise is studied. The models are supported by measurements in the SPS and in the LHC flat bottom.

TUPWA065

Design Issues of Low Energy Beam Transport

solenoid, focusing, space-charge, emittance

1853

Y.K. Batygin
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Low energy beam transport (LEBT) is an important element of ion accelerator facilities to provide beam matching between ion source and accelerator structure, perform required beam diagnostics measurements, dispose extra particle components, and create necessary time structure of the beam. Most of existing ion LEBT are based on solenoid focusing. Design criteria for ion LEBT with magnetostatic focusing are discussed. Dynamics in LEBT is optimized in terms of maximizing acceptance of the channel and transported beam current, and minimizing spherical aberrations in solenoids and space charge induced beam emittance growth.

TUPWA066

Space Charge Neutralization of Low Energy H⁻ Beam

emittance, space-charge, simulation, ion-source

1856

Y.K. Batygin, I.N. Draganić, C.M. Fortgang, G. Rouleau
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

LANSCE Ion Source Test Stand is used for systematic study of H⁻ source performance and details of low energy beam transport. It includes cesiated, multicusp-field, surface production H⁻ ion source, focusing solenoids, slit-collector emittance stations, 4.5o bending magnet, and electrostatic deflector. Series of experiments were performed to measure space charge neutralization of low energy H⁻ beam. Measurements were done for 80 keV and 35 keV H⁻ beams at various pressure of residual gas. Results of measurements are compared with results of beam dynamics simulations to determine level of space charge neutralization. Applicability of theoretical models of beam neutralization is discussed.

TUPWA074

Studies of Ion Beam Instabilities for Low Energy RHIC Operations with Electron Cooling

electron, simulation, impedance, emittance

1871

G. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, V. Litvinenko
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Electron cooling has the potential to compensate the emittance growth of the circulating ion beam due to intra-beam scattering at low energy. A test of electron cooling for RHIC low energy operations has been planned at IP2. Apart from the wakefield from the environment, the coherent interaction between the electron beam and ion beam could also play a role for the instability threshold. This work presents studies of ion beam stabilities in presence of coherent electron-ion interactions for the planned low energy RHIC electron-cooling test using the simulation code TRANFT.

TUPWO024

The Study of a Calculation Method for Measurement of Diagnostic Neutral Beam Property

plasma, neutral-beams, extraction, target

1934

L.Z. Liang, C.D. Hu, J.L. Wei
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11075183.
Considering the beam divergence and the convergence of the spherical electrode, the beam transmission model is presented, and the variation of beam edge is described by a formula, which is used to calculate the beam divergence half-angle with the experimental data obtained by the thermocouples. Assuming the beam divergence half-angle is constant in space and time, the beam profile distribution formula and variation of beam axial intensity are introduced. Taking the HT-7 Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB) as a reference, the divergence half-angle is calculated for the neutral beam shot 60901. The 1/e half-width of beam at collimation target calculated by formula is in agreement with that of experimental data. Variation of beam edge and axial intensity with downstream distance is estimated for HT-7 diagnostic neutral beam.

TUPWO037

Design Study of the Low Energy Beam Transport System at RISP

rfq, solenoid, emittance, beam-transport

1955

E.-S. Kim
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea
J. Bahng
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

We present the design status of LEBT for the RISP that consists of two 90 degree dipoles, a multi-harmonic buncher, pair solenoids, electrostatic quadrupoles and a high voltage platform. After ECR-IS with an energy of 10 keV/u, heavy-ion beams are selected by achromatic bending systems and then be bunched in the LEBT. A multi-harmonic buncher is used to achieve a small longitudinal emittance in the RFQ. We show the results on the optics design by using the TRANSPORT code and the beam tracking of two-charge beams by using the code IMPACT. We present the results and issues on beam dynamics simulaitons in the designed LEBT system.

TUPWO040

Asymmetric Energy Colliding Ion Beams in the EDM Storage Ring

storage-ring, proton, dipole, controls

1961

I. Koop
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

A possibility to bent equally two counter rotating ion beams by the crossed electric and magnetic fields is investigated. The first beam is polarized and its spin precession is adjusted to be synchronous with the velocity vector precession (a frozen spin method). The counter rotating unpolarized ion beam travels along the same orbit but with different velocity. Sensitive SQUID-type BPMs measure the vertical orbit difference of two beams. Later on this information is used to distinguish the EDM signal from the magnetic moment precession. Application of this approach to search of the EDM for proton, deuteron and helion is discussed.

TUPWO051

Geometry and Optics of the Electrostatic ELENA Transfer Lines

optics, extraction, quadrupole, proton

1985

G. Vanbavinckhove, W. Bartmann, F. Butin, O. Choisnet
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R.A. Baartman
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
D. Barna, H. Yamada
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

The future ELENA ring at CERN will decelerate the AD antiproton beam further from 5.3 MeV to 100 keV kinetic energy, to increase the efficiency of antiproton trapping. At present there are four experimental areas in the AD hall which will be complemented with the installation of ELENA by additional three experiments and an additional source for commissioning. This paper describes the optimisation of the transfer line geometry, ring rotation and source position. The optics of the transfer lines and error studies to define field and alignment tolerances are shown, and the optics particularities of electrostatic elements and their optimisation highlighted.

WEYB101

Power Upgrade of J-PARC Linac

rfq, linac, ion-source, cavity

2047

H. Oguri
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

A linac power upgrade program is now in progress after a successful recovery from the earthquake disaster. The power upgrade includes an ion source, an RFQ and a 400 MeV Annular-ring Coupled Structure (ACS) linac. We started a full-scale development of a cesium seeded RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source. The ion source extracted the beam of more than 60 mA with a duty factor of 2.5 %, which is satisfied with the requirement of the program. A new RFQ for 50 mA acceleration is under construction on the basis of a RFQ fabrication process, which was built as a backup for the present RFQ. Mass production of the ACS modules have almost completed. There is a plan to install these components and schedule the beam test in 2013. This presentation will cover the power upgrade status of the J-PARC linac.

Slides WEYB101 [4.205 MB]

WEOBB102

Design Integration of the FRIB Driver Linac

linac, cryomodule, solenoid, SRF

2055

Y. Zhang, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, C.P. Chu, A. Facco, P.E. Gibson, Z.Q. He, K. Holland, M. Leitner, Z. Liu, F. Marti, D. Morris, S. Peng, E. Pozdeyev, T. Russo, J. Wei, Y. Yamazaki, Z. Zheng
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
FRIB driver linac will deliver all stable heavy ion beams with beam energy more than 200 MeV/u, and beam power on target up to 400 kW. As the first SRF linac for high power heavy ion beams, there are many technical challenges, and integration of all the accelerator components is important. In this paper, major issues on integration of the FRIB drive linac are introduced and the corresponding studies are discussed, which include developments of accelerator online model, minimize uncontrolled beam loss in the SRF linac for high power heavy ion beams, beam diagnostic systems for beam tuning and for machine protection system (MPS), secondary collimators for charge selection of multi charge state ion beams, beam loading and stability of LLRF control, proper degauss process with superconducting (SC) solenoids when combined with SC dipole correctors, vacuum system, cryogenic and distribution system, helium pressure drop and stability of the cryomodules.

Slides WEOBB102 [3.557 MB]

WEXB201

Intense Highly Charged Heavy Ion Beam Production

ion-source, electron, plasma, heavy-ion

2077

T. Nakagawa
RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama, Japan

With increase of applications of heavy ions in the various fields, production of intense beam of highly charged heavy ions form the ion sources become more and more important. For example, ion sources are required to produce intense dc beams of the highly charged heavy ions for the accelerator facilities of radio isotope beam production and the intense short pulsed beams for injection into synchrotrons. Additionally, in these applications, the ion sources face several important matters to be improved for meeting the requirements, such as source lifetime, reliability, current stability, and beam emittance. For these purposes, several high performance ion sources, which include ECR ion sources, electron beam ion sources and laser ion sources, for production of the intense beam (dc and pulsed) of highly charged heavy ions have been constructed and achieved remarkable breakthrough in the past decade. In this contribution, state-of-the-art ion sources for production of intense highly charged heavy ion beams are reviewed. Future perspective is also discussed.

Slides WEXB201 [4.395 MB]

WEOAB201

Intense Beam Ion Sources Development at IMP

ion-source, ECR, heavy-ion, proton

2082

L.T. Sun, Y. Cao, Y.C. Feng, J.Y. Li, Z.W. Liu, W. Lu, Q. Wu, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, Z.M. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
D. Xie
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

To satisfy the HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) accelerators’ requirement and the needs of several other future accelerator facilities, many high beam intensity ion sources have been developed at IMP. The ion sources include intense high charge state ion beam ECR ion sources and high intensity proton beam ECR or microwave sources. This paper will review the high charge state ion sources developed at IMP, especially the recently built fully superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL, and the other classical ion sources and all permanent magnet ion sources will also be discussed. The latest performance of the recently built intense proton ion source which can operate continuously at more than 65emA beam (after LEBT) and 50kV source high voltage for more than 150 hours with very few HV spark intervals will be especially presented in this paper.

Slides WEOAB201 [3.381 MB]

WEIB201

Industrial Accelerators

electron, neutron, radiation, linac

2100

R.W. Hamm, M.E. Hamm
R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA

Particle accelerators, originally developed for basic science research, are increasingly being employed for industrial applications, with the production of these systems itself a worldwide business conducted by more than 70 companies and institutes. Collectively these entities ship more than 1000 systems per year. The industrial applications of these accelerators cover a broad range of business segments from low energy electron beam systems for welding, machining, and product irradiation to high energy cyclotrons and synchrotrons for radioisotope production and synchrotron radiation production. This talk is a review of these business segments and their impact on our lives and the economy. It will also cover new accelerator technology under development that will be used by industry in the future and the predicted growth in the various business segments.

Slides WEIB201 [3.937 MB]

WEPWO044

RF Characterization of Niobium Films for Superconducting Cavities

niobium, target, quadrupole, plasma

2399

S. Aull, S. Calatroni, S. Döbert, T. Junginger, G. Terenziani
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Aull
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
A.P. Ehiasarian, G. Terenziani
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
J. Knobloch
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the Wolfgang-Gentner-Programme of the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
The surface resistance RS of superconductors shows a complex dependence on the external parameters such as temperature, frequency or radio-frequency (RF) field. The excited modes of 400, 800 and 1200 MHz allow measurements at actual operating frequencies of superconducting cavities. Niobium films on copper substrates have several advantages over bulk niobium cavities. HiPIMS (High-power impulse magnetron sputtering) is a promising technique to increase the quality and therefore the performance of niobium films. This contribution will introduce CERNs recently developed HiPIMS coating apparatus. Moreover, first results of niobium coated copper samples will be presented, revealing the dominant loss mechanisms.

WEPWO077

Rf System Requirements for JLab’s MEIC Collider Ring

cavity, electron, impedance, SRF

2477

S. Wang, R. Li, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, Y. Zhang
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Medium-energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC), proposed by Jefferson Lab, consists of a series of accelerators [1]. At the top energy are the electron and ion collider rings. For the ion ring, it accelerates five long ion bunches to colliding energy and rebunches ions into a train of very short bunches before colliding. A set of low frequency RF system is needed for the long ion bunch energy ramping. Another set of high frequency RF cavities is needed to rebunch ions. For the electron ring, superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are needed to compensate the synchrotron radiation energy loss. The impedance of the SRF cavities must be low enough to keep the high current electron beam stable. The preliminary design requirements of these RF cavities are presented.
The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.

WEPEA029

The SHER-HIAF Ring Lattice Design

injection, quadrupole, kicker, lattice

2561

X. Gao, W.P. Chai, G.D. Shen, J. Shi, J.W. Xia, J.C. Yang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Super Heavy Experimental Ring (SHER) is one of the rings of the next accelerator complex High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at IMP[4]. Here, present ideas of the lattice design for the operation of the large acceptance ring are presented. The SHER ring has to be optimized for e-cooling and the lattice is designed for different modes. First of all, it is designed in the so called isochronous mode as time-of-flight mass spectrometer for short-lived secondary nuclei. Secondly, SHER can also be used to be a storage ring for collecting and cooling the secondary rare isotope beams from the transport line. In order to fulfill it's purpose, the ion optics can be set to different ion optical modes

WEPEA032

Estimation and Correction of the Uncontrolled Beam Loss due to the Alignment Error in the Low-energy Linear Accelerator of RAON

alignment, linac, quadrupole, cavity

2570

J.G. Hwang, E.-S. Kim
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
D. Jeon, H.J. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

RAON(Rare isotope Accelerator Of Newness) mainly consists of the front-end system, ISOL system , re-accelerator for ISOL system, charge stripper section and main linear accelerator(Linac) for ECR ion source. Since the beam energy at the down-stream of the front-end system is low, 0.3~0.5 MeV/u, the trajectories of the beam is very sensitive the alignment error of the magnets and cavities at the entrance of the main Linac. It can be caused the uncontrolled beam loss due to the large amplitude of the trajectory. The effect of the alignment errors of the magnets and cavities is estimated and corrected by using analytical model which is based on analytical model and code TRACK. The calculation result based on the analytical model agrees very well with the simulation by using the TRACK code. Using the analytical model, the position and number of the corrector and Beam Position Monitor(BPM) in low energy Linac was determined to compensate the amplification of the beam trajectory under 400 um. We will present the result of the estimation of the alignment error and the correction using steering magnet with strip-line Beam Position Monitor (BPM) in a low energy section.

WEPEA034

Study on the Beam Dynamics in the RISP Driver Linac

linac, quadrupole, stripper, resonance

2576

H.J. Kim, H.J. Jang, D. Jeon
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
J.G. Hwang
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
E.-S. Kim
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea

Abstract Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. The RISP driver linac which is used to accelerate the beam, for an example, Uranium ions from 0.3 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u consists of superconducting RF cavities and warm quadrupole magnets for focusing heavy ion beams. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. In this paper, we present the requirements of dynamic errors and correction schemes to minimize the beam centroid oscillation and preserve beam losses under control.

WEPEA038

Two and three Dimensional Models for Analytical and Numerical Space Charge Simulation

space-charge, controls, linac, simulation

2585

S.N. Andrianov, N.V. Kulabukhova
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

In this article there is described an analytical approach to describe the self-field of two- and three dimensional ellipsoidal presentation of space charge distribution. The corresponding results can be evaluated in both numerical and the analytic presentation for some model distributions of charge. The corresponding results can be embedded in the Lie formalism used to describe the map for the beam dynamics. The corresponding linear and nonlinear maps are evaluated in terms of the matrix representation of the evolution operator of the beam. Appropriate solutions for nonlinear differential equations are based on a prediction-correction method (the converging recursive procedure). These solutions are compared with the Vlasov equation solutions. A special software package for the described approach is presented.

WEPEA060

Plans for the Upgrade of CERN's Heavy Ion Complex

injection, luminosity, linac, acceleration

2645

D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, H. Bartosik, A. Blas, D. Bodart, M.A. Bodendorfer, T. Bohl, J. Borburgh, E. Carlier, J.-M. Cravero, H. Damerau, L. Ducimetière, A. Findlay, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, E.B. Holzer, J.M. Jowett, T. Kramer, D. Kuchler, A.M. Lombardi, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

To reach a luminosity higher than 6×10²⁷ Hz/cm² for Pb-Pb collisions, as expected by the ALICE experiment after its upgrade during the 2nd Long LHC Shutdown (LS2), several upgrades will have to be performed in the CERN accelerator complex, from the source to the LHC itself. This paper first details the present limitations and then describes the strategy for the different machines in the ion injector chain. Both filling schemes and possible hardware upgrades are discussed.

WEPEA061

The First LHC p-Pb run: Performance of the Heavy Ion Production Complex

proton, luminosity, heavy-ion, injection

2648

D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, H. Bartosik, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, M.A. Bodendorfer, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, J.M. Jowett, D. Kuchler, M. O'Neil, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

TThe first LHC proton-ion run took place in January-February 2013; it was the first extension to the collider programme, as this mode was not included in the design report. This paper presents the performance of the heavy ion and proton production complex, and details the issues encountered, in particular the creation of the same bunch pattern in both beams.

WEPEA072

Experimental Studies of Resonance Crossing in Linear Non-scaling FFAGs With the S-POD Plasma Trap

resonance, dipole, focusing, betatron

2675

S.L. Sheehy, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
K. Fukushima, K. Ito, K. Moriya, H. Okamoto
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

In a linear non-scaling FFAG the betatron tunes vary over a wide range during acceleration. This naturally leads to resonance crossing including first order integer resonances. The S-POD (Simulator for Particle Orbit Dynamics) plasma trap apparatus at Hiroshima University represents a physically equivalent system to a charged particle beam travelling in a strong focusing accelerator lattice. The S-POD system can be used as an ‘experimental simulation’ to investigate the effects of resonance crossing and its dependence on dipole errors, tune crossing speed and other factors. Recent developments and experiments are discussed.

WEPFI067

FETS RF System Design and Circulator Testing

rfq, klystron, shielding, insertion

2851

S.M.H. Alsari, J.K. Pozimski, P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
M. Dudman, A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) is an experiment based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. In this experiment, the first stages necessary to produce a very high quality, chopped H⁻ ion beam as required for the next generation of high power proton accelerators (HPPAs) are designed, built and tested. HPPAs with beam powers in the megawatt range have many possible applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, accelerator driven sub-critical systems, waste transmuters and tritium production facilities. RF system outline and design options of the waveguide and coaxial parts and shielding are presented and discussed in this paper. Experimental measurements of the system’s circulator will be presented as part of the system testing results.

WEPFI070

Design of RFQ Coupler for PXIE Project

rfq, simulation, cavity, coupling

2854

S. Kazakov, T.N. Khabiboulline, V. Poloubotko, O. Pronitchev, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Design of new coupler for PXIE RFQ is reported. Two couplers are supposed to deliver ~ 100 kW total CW RF power to RFQ at 162.5 MHz. Coupler has a magnetic loop coupling with the RFQ. Nevertheless it allows to apply a HV bias to suppress a multipactor due to original design of the coupling loop. Results of RF, multipactor and thermal simulations are presented.

WEPFI075

Design of the FRIB RFQ

rfq, vacuum, linac, dipole

2866

N.K. Bultman, G. Morgan, E. Pozdeyev, Y. Yamazaki, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
J. Stovall, L.M. Young
TechSource, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
FRIB linac driver includes a front end and a SRF linac for all stable ion beams with energy more than 200 MeV/u, and beam power on target up to 400 kW. A 80.5 MHz FRQ at the front end accelerates heavy ion beams from 12 keV/u to 0.5 MeV/u, in CW mode. Design of the RFQ is introduced and several important technical issues are discussed in this paper.

WEPME010

Patient-specific Intensity-modulation of a Slowly Extracted Beam at the HIT Synchrotron

feedback, controls, synchrotron, extraction

2944

C. Schömers, E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer, J. Naumann, R.E. Panse, A. Peters
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

Since 2009 more than 1100 tumour patients have been treated at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy-Centre (HIT). The HIT synchrotron produces a library of energy, focus and intensity-variable pencil beams used to deliver dose distributions of utmost conformity to irregularly shaped target volumes. The required number of particles for each volume element of the tumour, which can vary by more than two magnitudes, is applied using the rasterscan technology. The irradiation-time and thus the patient throughput are highly sensitive to the achieved spill-structure driven by RF-Knockout extraction. Presently unfavourable fluctuations of the extracted intensity due to inhomogeneous phase space distribution of the beam are present. Recently a feedback-loop coupling the dose-defining ionisation chamber in front of the patient with the RF-Exciter was implemented allowing for the adaptation of the extracted intensity to the patient-specific treatment plan in real-time. The technical implementation and the impact on the clinical operation will be discussed.

THOAB101

Laser Wire Based Parallel Profile Scan of H⁻ Beam at the Superconducting Linac of Spallation Neutron Source

laser, neutron, linac, pick-up

3090

Y. Liu, A.V. Aleksandrov, D.L. Brown, R. Dickson, C. Huang, C.D. Long
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
C.C. Peters
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
We report on the world’s first experiment of a parallel profile scan of the hydrogen ion (H⁻) beam using a laser wire system. The system was developed at the superconducting linac (SCL) of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex. The laser wire profile scanner is based on a photo-detachment process and therefore can be conducted on an operational H⁻ beam in a nonintrusive manner. The parallel profile scanning system makes it possible to simultaneously measure profiles of the 1-MW neutron production H⁻ beam at 9 different locations (corresponding to energy levels of 400 – 950 MeV) of the superconducting linac using a single light source. The entire measurement process takes less than 5 minutes to complete. Together with the hardware modification, we have also upgraded our user interface to visualize the 9-pairs of H⁻ beam profiles in a real-time fashion, which presents a highly intuitive and informative picture of the H⁻ beam propagation along the acceleration path. The laser wire based parallel profile scanning system provides a powerful tool for accelerator operators and physicists to study the SCL modelling, monitor and/or tune the beam parameters.

Slides THOAB101 [2.277 MB]

THOAB102

A Pepper-pot Based Device for Diagnostics of the Single-shot Beam

emittance, LabView, vacuum, diagnostics

3093

S.X. Peng, J. Chen, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, H.T. Ren, Z.H. Wang, Y. Xu, Z.X. Yuan, T. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, Haidian District, People's Republic of China

Generally the beam emittance can be measured by different Emittance Measurement Units (EMUs), such as the pepper-pot device, the slit-wire type facility and the Allison scanner. However, for a microsecond single-shot ion beam, the pepper-pot device is a suitable choice because of its cut-off single-shot technique without any time-consuming step. A pepper-pot based beam current & profile measurement device, which is a combination of Faraday cup technique and pepper-pot measurement facility, was developed at PKU. It consists of a main Faraday cup with a pepper-pot mask at its bottom, and a Faraday cup array locating 3 mm away from the pepper-pot mask. This device has been tested at the PKU LEBT test bench and the measurement results are consistent with the results acquired by the Allison scanner. By replacing the Faraday cup array with a fluorescent screen and a CCD camera, this device becomes a facility that not only has the ability to measure the total beam current and the beam profile, but also has the capability to measure the beam emittance for CW or pulsed ion beams. Details will be presented in this paper.

Slides THOAB102 [5.332 MB]

THXB201

Novel Techniques and Challenges in Hadron Therapy

synchrotron, proton, cyclotron, extraction

3112

Th. Haberer, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, A. Peters, C. Schömers
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

This talk should review novel techniques and challenges for beam delivery systems with various beam scanning methods (such as 3D scanning, 4D scanning and so on) to conform the beam dose to the tumor shape in proton and carbon ion therapy, as developed by PSI, GSI, HIMAC, IMP etc. Besides traditional accelerators such as cyclotrons and synchrotrons, the talk should review the technical challenges and prospects for future compact hadron therapy accelerators such as DWA, laser accelerators and so on.

Slides THXB201 [4.934 MB]

THOAB202

Secondary Neutron Production from Patients during Hadron Therapy and their Radiation Risks: the Other Side of Hadron Therapy

neutron, target, proton, hadron

3118

M.A. Chaudhri
University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany

We were the first to calculate and measure the neutron produced from patients during therapy with bremsstrahlung, and estimated their radiation doses *. This neutron output would be lot higher with hadrons due to their larger cross sections. There is no reliable/ useful data on this subject. Using the experimental neutron production data from different body elements, we have estimated the fluence and energies of these neutrons from tissue under irradiation with different hadrons. Our results indicate that at least 4.2 neutrons , with energies greater than 5 MeV, are produced for every C-ion of 400 MeV/u energy incident on tissue. This number reduces to 3, 1.4 and 0.3 respectively at C-energies of 300, 200 and 100 MeV /u. For protons these numbers are estimated to be 0.05, 0.2 and 0.4 per proton of energies 100, 200 and 300 MeV respectively. There would be even more neutrons with energies lesser than 5 MeV. The doses to some organs have been estimated, which are not negligible. A “Compromise optimum energy” concept is suggested. But extreme caution is highly recommend before treating patients with hadrons, especially children and younger people who still have many years to live.
* P.Allen and M.A Chaudhri, Phys. Med. Biol. 33 (1988) 1017

Slides THOAB202 [3.644 MB]

THPPA01

Realization of New Charge-state Stripper for High-power Uranium Ion Beams

stripper, target, acceleration, electron

3135

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Recent works to realize the new charge-state stripper using recirculating helium gas are presented. Very limited lifetimes of conventional solid-state strippers due to huge dE/dx for very heavy ion beams (e.g., for uranium ions, several thousand times larger than protons at the energy around 10 MeV/u) were a principal bottleneck for their multi-stage acceleration at high intensities. The new stripping system is characterized by its infinite lifetime, efficient stripping and small beam degradation even for the world’s most intense uranium ion beams provided by the RIBF (more than 1 pμA at the injected energy of 11 MeV/u). Successful operations of the system in 2012 greatly contribute to the remarkable expansion of the accelerator performance of the RIBF that will allow an enormous breakthrough for exploring new domains of the nuclear world in the next several years; the peak intensity of the uranium beam has reached 15.1 pnA (almost 10¹¹ pps) at 345 MeV/u and the average intensity provided for the users has become ten times higher than it was in 2011.

Slides THPPA01 [6.535 MB]

THPEA003

Use of FPGA-based Configurable Electronics to Calibrate Cavities

controls, synchrotron, LLRF, heavy-ion

3152

S. Schäfer, A. Klaus, H. Klingbeil, B. Zipfel
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
U. Hartel, H. Klingbeil
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

At the GSI Helmholzzentrum für Schwerionen-forschung GmbH the accuracy requirements for synchrotron rf cavities have strongly increased in the last years, especially for multi-harmonic operation. For heavy-ion acceleration the amplitude and phase have to be well adjusted over a whole machine cycle. In order to compensate small deviations induced by low-level rf components (LLRF) and transmission lines in the control paths, a calibration electronic (CEL) with a characteristic map was developed. It is a real-time module which is based on modern FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) technology and adaptable to special cavities with various physical dependencies (e.g. attenuation, dispersion, temperature drift, aging etc.). The hardware and software architecture of this CEL module are presented here.

THPEA008

Study on the Energy Response of a Multi-layer Planar High Pressure Ionization Chamber using MCNP Program

photon, radiation, simulation, electron

3164

Y.D. Ding, P.F. Wang, Q.B. Wang, Q.J. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

High pressure ionization chamber is widely used to detect various radiation fields due to its good energy response. A new Multi-layer planar high pressure ionization chamber is designed suitable for measuring directional radiation field of high dose rate, because of its high electric field strength. In this paper, MCNP program is used to simulate and calculate the energy response of this ionization chamber to obtain the energy response of high energy photons, which could not be obtained by experimental methods. The results show that this ionization chamber can measure photon radiation energy up to 10MeV.

THPEA017

Based on Channel Archiver of EPICS to Realize SSC-LINAC System Efficiently Beam Tuning

controls, linac, EPICS, status

3179

S.Z. Gou, M. Yue, W. Zhang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

In order to improve running efficiency of accelerator, shorten the time of changing accelerator beam is key link and it should be considered how to accelerate the ion to specific energy quickly and accurately. We will discuss how to use years of heavy ion accelerator operation data to generate a set of virtual accelerator equipment data for specific ion and energy, load to all the accelerator equipment fast. EPICS provide Channel Archiver tools that can achieve and store data from the IOC equipment operation information. In this study, we use Archive Engine tool and Oracle to combine data acquisition function and data management function. Firstly store the Archive Engine acquisition data into Oracle database, and then according to the data to create accelerator system operation snapshot as the basis for beam tuning. The snapshot data includes all equipment state and parameters at special time in accelerator operating. When the ion is to be changed, related snapshot in Oracle database will be retrieved and loaded to all the equipment and to realize efficiently beam tuning.

THPEA019

A Method of Implementing HIRFL-CSR Chopper Controls

controls, heavy-ion, storage-ring, target

3185

K. Gu, S. An, X.J. Liu, W. Zhang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

A method of implementing controls of chopper for HIRFL-CSR (Heavy Ion Research Facility of Lanzhou and Cooler Storage Rings) is introduced. This method is based on an ARM and DSP co-operation system. The control algorithm of this method is based on a data structure which is defined and implemented in the DSP module. Output data is created by the control algorithm and the actually pulse output is triggered by a timer which is achieved through a logic circuit actualized in a FPGA chip. The results show that the method is flexible and the control system matches the chopper regulating requirements.

THPEA021

A Platform Control System for 320 kV HV Platform

controls, high-voltage, power-supply, LabView

3189

W. Zhang, K. Gu, J.Y. Li, X.J. Liu
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

This article describes the platform control system applied to the Chinese Academy of 320KV HV platform for highly charged ions. This system is composed of the hardware and the software. The hardware is composed of the network controller based on ATmega128 core chip. Our control group has designed the network controller for controlling the different types of equipment on the platform. The control system achieves the reliability, stability control of the different types of equipment on the HV platform, and control of the network, improve operational efficiency. The software uses NI Corporation's LABVIEW to program user interface. We have established for the application modules of the network controller in the LABVIEW and realized the optimization of the network controller to configure and use. The platform control system has run three years in the 320KV HV platform.

THPEA022

The Remote Control System for LAPECR1

controls, ion-source, power-supply, high-voltage

3192

W.X. Zhou, F.Y. Lin, J.F. Luo, Y.Y. Wang, J. Yin, Y.J. Yu, D.T. Zhou
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

In order to support the debug of LAPECR1(Lanzhou All Permanent Magnet ECR Ion Source No.1) which merely provides H⁺ beam for HIRFL(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou), a control system was realized in November 2011. The control system is composed of some controllers, a control-software and Intranet which is established by a switch. All of the controllers can access to Intranet directly or through serial-switch. And the controllers of the HV power and motor were designed by us. A IPC(Industrial Personal Computer) could control all of the equipments through Intranet. For the software of the system, it is designed using C++. And it could show the important data in the form of spectrum for the purpose of analysis and debug. The control system can acquire data and send command from/to the corresponding equipment.

THPFI022

The M-C Application in Designing Tailored Cryopump Used in Cyciae-100 Cyclotron

vacuum, cyclotron, radiation, beam-losses

3342

S.P. Zhang, Z.G. Li, G.F. Pan, J.S. Xing, F. Yang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A compact high intensity cyclotron CYCIAE-100 was selected as the driver for the Beijing Radioactive Ion Facility (BRIF). A pressure of 5×10-8 mbar is required to achieve acceptable beam losses in the CYCIAE-100 cyclotron. As the existing ports on the cyclotron valley are insufficient to provide enough pumping speed using commercially available pumps, two tailored cryopanels with a pumping speed of 60000 l/s for each are designed. Based on the Monte-Carlo method, a mathematical model of molecular movement and collision between the panels and their shield was developed. The ratio of molecular reflected to the baffle to molecular passing through the baffle is the sticking probability on the panels. When taking the transmission probability of the chevron baffle, capture coefficient of cryopanel can be calculated. It could provide a reference to design the cryopanel shape and its condensation area.

THPFI040

DEVELOPMENT OF A TARGET SYSTEM FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAM PRODUCTION WITH HIGH-POWER HEAVY-ION BEAMS*

target, electron, radiation, vacuum

3373

J.-W. Kim, S. Hong, J.H. Kim, M. Kim, J. Song
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

To produce rare isotope beams, in-flight fragmentation method utilizing a thin target and heavy-ion primary beam can be used. The existing facilities provide the maximum primary beam power of a few kW, while the next generation facility is planned to use hundreds of kW of 238U beam. We are designing a rare-isotope beam facility, which can provide U beam with the maximal power of 400 kW at the energy of 200 MeV/u. The high-power target studied is made of multi-slice rotating graphite to enhance radiation cooling. The total target thickness is roughly 2 mm with more than 10 slices. The resultant power density inside the target reaches above 50 MV/cm³. Numerical simulation for thermo-mechanical analysis has been performed using PHITS and ANSYS for single and multi-slice targets. Also, empirical test was made using 70-keV electron beam for a single-slice rotation target with the thickness of 0.2 mm. The results of simulation and e-beam tests will be presented.
* Work supported by Rare Isotope Science Program (RISP) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) (2011-0032011)

THPFI049

Evaluation of the NEG Coating Saturation Level after 3 Years of LHC Beam Operation

vacuum, proton, electron, luminosity

3397

G. Bregliozzi, V. Baglin, J.M. Jimenez, G. Lanza, T. Porcelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The room temperature vacuum system of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN system has been designed to ensure vacuum stability and beam lifetime of 100 h with nominal current of 0.56 A per beam at 7 TeV of energy. During last two years the LHC operated with proton beams at a maximum energy of 4 TeV, coasting for several hours each time, inducing high pressure due to different effects: synchrotron radiation, electron cloud and localized temperature increase. All these phenomena generated an important gas load from the vacuum chamber walls, which led in some cases to a partial or a total saturation of the NEG coating. To keep the design vacuum performances and to schedule technical interventions for NEG vacuum reactivation, it is necessary to take into account all these aspects and to regularly evaluate the saturation level of the NEG coating. This study analyses the saturation level of the NEG coated beam pipes in the LHC accelerator. Pressure reading variation without proton beams circulating are analysed and combined with laboratory studies of the NEG saturation behaviour and with Vacuum Stability Code (VASCO) simulations.

THPFI054

Preliminary Comparison of the Response of LHC Tertiary Collimators to Proton and Ion Beam Impacts

proton, heavy-ion, collimation, beam-losses

3412

M. Cauchi, R.W. Aßmann, A. Bertarelli, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, L. Lari
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Cauchi, P. Mollicone
UoM, Msida, Malta
L. Lari
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
N.J. Sammut
University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta

The CERN Large Hadron Collider is designed to bring into collision protons as well as heavy ions. Accidents involving impacts on collimators can happen for both species. The interaction of lead ions with matter differs to that of protons, thus making this scenario a new interesting case to study as it can result in different damage aspects on the collimator. This paper will present a preliminary comparison of the response of collimators to proton and ion beam impacts.

THPFI071

Baking Tests and Results of A1050 Diamond Edge Gasket

vacuum, target, controls, power-supply

3463

Y.T. Huang, C.-C. Chang, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
J.-R. Chen
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A1050 is a common and soft material, widely used in everyday life. It is machinable and cheap, which makes it a candidate for a gasket material. In the case of sealing between disparate materials, treating the thermal expansion when the gasket suffers from baking is difficult. The clearance and the eccentricity between the gasket and the flange are also important; most leaks occur about 80 ~ 110 oC. The experimental apparatus comprised a vacuum chamber with six diamond-edge gaskets assembled, a turbo-molecular pump and an extractor gauge. The pre-baking torque for this gasket is 70 – 80 kg cm; the rates of both heating and cooling are less than 40 oC per hour. The gaskets are baked repeatedly under the same conditions excluding the target temperature set for baking. A1050 diamond gaskets work well after baking at 120 ~ 140 oC; at temperature 170 ~ 180 oC, leaks sometimes appear on cooling. This paper presents the baking results of A1050 diamond-edge gasket and explains the cause of leaking after baking above 150 oC.

THPFI077

Construction Status of the TPS Vacuum Systems

vacuum, booster, storage-ring, photon

3472

G.-Y. Hsiung, C.K. Chan, C.H. Chang, C.-C. Chang, S.W. Chang, Y.P. Chang, C.L. Chen, J.-R. Chen, Z.W. Chen, C.M. Cheng, Y.T. Cheng, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh, C.S. Huang, Y.T. Huang, T.Y. Lee, L.H. Wu, Y.C. Yang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
J.-R. Chen
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The vacuum systems for the 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) have been constructed since 2010. Most of the vacuum components and equipments have been manufactured and delivered. For the electron storage ring (SR), all the 24 cells of 14 m aluminum vacuum systems have been welded and assembled. The vacuum baking for the cells in the laboratory was undergoing to achieve the ultrahigh vacuum pressure below 1×10^-8 Pa. The vacuum systems accommodated with the insertion devices in the long straight sections have been designed and under manufacturing. For the booster (BR), all the stainless steel chambers including the 0.7 mm elliptical chambers, BPM ducts, and the pumping chambers, have been manufactured. The two transport lines: LTB for Linac to BR and BTS for BR to SR were manufactured. Vacuum chambers for BTS adopt the similar chambers for BR but will be baked to ultrahigh vacuum for connecting with SR without injection window. The beam ducts for LTB will be made of aluminum alloys. The construction works for TPS vacuum systems will be completed before April of 2013 while the installation of the systems in the TPS tunnel will be started immediately.

THPFI079

Start-up of the NESTOR Facility Vacuum System

vacuum, storage-ring, electron, synchrotron

3478

A.Y. Zelinsky, A.N. Gordienko, V.A. Grevtsev, I.I. Karnaukhov, I.M. Karnaukhov, N.I. Mocheshnikov, A. Mytsykov, V.L. Skirda
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

The Kharkov X-ray generator NESTOR based on Compton backscattering is under commissioning. The vacuum system of the complex integrates a linear accelerator-injector, the beam transport channel and the electron storage ring with energy range from 40 to 225 MeV. Elements of vacuum chambers, pumping facilities, cleaning surfaces procedures are described. Chambers are made of stainless steel (SS). After vacuum pretesting pressure 5 × 10^-9 Torr in the storage chambers ring achieved.

THPFI088

Electron Cloud Diagnostic Chambers with Various EC-suppression Coatings

vacuum, electron, positron, pick-up

3496

Y. Li, J.V. Conway, X. Liu, M.A. Palmer
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US National Science Foundation PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, and the U.S. Department of Energy DE-FC02-08ER41538
Suppression of electron cloud (EC) growth and density is critical for many high intensity accelerators of positively charged particles, such as positron rings for Super KEKB and ILC’s positron damping ring. Among various suppression techniques, passive coating with low secondary electron emission (SEY) coefficient is the most economic method. During CesrTA EC study program, we have created two dedicated short sections in the CESR vacuum system to study effectiveness of various SEY reduction coatings. During last 4 years, six one-meter-long EC study vacuum chambers were constructed, and rotated through these short sections. The EC chambers were not only equipped with EC diagnostics (including a RFA and RF-shield pickups), they were also installed in CESR with vacuum instrument, including a cold cathode ion gauge and a residual gas analyzer. With these EC study chambers, EC-suppression effectiveness of TiN, amorphous carbon and diamond-like carbon coatings were evaluated, relative to bare aluminum chamber. In this report, we will report vacuum properties of these coatings. In particular, the photon-induced desorption and beam conditioning histories are presented.

THPME028

Prototype Superconducting Magnets for the NICA Accelerator Complex

dipole, booster, quadrupole, collider

3567

H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, A.V. Bychkov, A.R. Galimov, O.S. Kozlov, G.L. Kuznetsov, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhaylov, A.V. Shabunov, A.Y. Starikov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

NICA is a new accelerator complex being under design and construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna. Full-size prototype dipole and quadrupole magnets for the booster synchrotron and the NICA collider have been designed, manufactured and tested. The magnets are based on a cold window frame iron yoke and a saddle-shaped superconducting winding made from a hollow NbTi composite superconducting cable cooled with a forced two-phase helium flow at T = 4.5 K. The maximal operating magnetic field in the aperture is 1.8 T. The magnetic field ramp rate of 1.2 T/s should be achievable. The quench history, AC losses as a function of the magnetic field ramp rate and pressure drop in the cooling channels of the magnets at different pulsed operation modes are presented.

THPME047

Progress of the RFQ Accelerator for PXIE

rfq, emittance, simulation, beam-transport

3618

D. Li, M.D. Hoff, A.R. Lambert, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
T.H. Luo
UMiss, University, Mississippi, USA
S. Nagaitsev, G.V. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, R.P. Stanek, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the Office of Science, United States Department of Energy under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The proposed Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) is currently under development at Fermilab. PXIE is an R&D test accelerator that will replicate the front-end portion of Project X. The PXIE accelerator complex consists of a H⁻ ion source(s), low-energy beam transport (LEBT), 162.5 MHz normal conducting CW Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, medium-energy beam transport (MEBT), broad-band beam chopper(s) and two superconducting cryomodules. In this paper, we will review and present recent progress of the PXIE RFQ, which will include an overview of the RFQ beam dynamics design, RF structure design, detailed thermal and mechanical analyses, fabrication test results and fabrication plan and schedule.

THPWA004

The HIT Gantry: From Commissioning to Operation

proton, dipole, optics, diagnostics

3636

M. Galonska, S. Brons, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, K. Höppner, J.M. Mosthaf, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, T. Winkelmann
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The patient treatment at the first 360° raster scanning heavy ion gantry of the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Facility (HIT) started in October 2012 using proton and carbon ion beams. HIT is the first dedicated proton and carbon cancer therapy facility in Europe. It uses full 3D intensity controlled raster scanning dose delivering method of pencil beams. The ion energy ranges from ~50 up to 430 MeV/u (ion penetration depths of 20 to 300 mm in water). Beams are provided by a linac-synchrotron-system to four high energy beam lines: 2 horizontal patient treatment rooms; 1 horizontal experimental cave for quality assurance, development, and research work; and the heavy ion gantry. From the first commissioning the libraries of carbon and proton pencil beams at the gantry had been offered with the whole variety of ion beam properties: 255 energy steps, 4 beam foci, 360°, and 10 intensities (10⁶-10¹⁰/spill) regarding the central beam. This paper reflects the impact of the subsequent preclinical testing including beam size/position, and dose measurements within the irradiation field of 20x20 cm² on the further improvement of the ion optical settings of the gantry high energy transfer line.

THPWA005

The HIT Accelerator as Part of a Medical Product: Impacts on the Maintenance Strategy

controls, ion-source, proton, linac

3639

A. Peters, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, T. Winkelmann
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The HIT accelerator produces protons and carbon beams with a large variety of parameters: 255 different energies, four foci and ten intensity steps per ion are independently available at 5 iso-centres to be requested by the dose delivery system for tumor treatment. Thus the whole accelerator chain is part of a medical product, in case of HIT an in-house manufactured device. The overall risk and quality management has deep influences on the maintenance process. Not only the huge volume of necessary documentation reflects this impact but also the organizational process before, along and after the services at HIT. Especially, the comprehensive testing after the maintenance procedures follows sophisticated checklists (e.g. the ion source service). On the other hand, a high operational availability of the accelerator in a hospital is mandatory. To realize 8250 hours of accelerator uptime per year in case of HIT, a maintenance strategy is necessary, which interleaves the regular service of the building infrastructure, e.g. air conditioning, with the periodic maintenance of the accelerator components. In detail, this approach will be discussed along the magnets and the gantry structure.

THPWA021

Studies of Density Distribution and Emittance Measurement for High Current Electronic Beam

emittance, electron, gun, simulation

3672

Q.C. Li, Z.-F. He, J.M. Huang, D.M. Li, Y.-T. Zhang, X.K. Zhu
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Beam density distribution and emittance are the important parameters of an accelerator. The accurate emittance measurement has an important reference significance for the design of accelerating tube, and provides a design basis for the aperture size of accelerating tube. This paper introduces a beam measurement method which uses multiwire, can rotate in the horizontal plane and adjust in the Z coordinate. The results of simulation show that this method can accurately measure the beam density distribution and emittance, and the accuracy can meet the requirements of applied accelerator.

THPWA031

Raising the Generating Current in the VITA Neutron Source for BNCT

proton, neutron, target, vacuum

3693

A.S. Kuznetsov, V.I. Aleynik, A.G. Bashkirtsev, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Schudlo, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev, M.A. Tiunov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract № 14.518.11.7039).
The Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator (VITA) was developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics to produce epithermal neutrons for boron neutron capture therapy in the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction. The parameters of the generated radiation allow us to carry out in vitro and in vivo investigations of BNCT. In present moment the modernization of the facility elements is carrying out to meet the parameters required for clinical usage. As the first step of the modernization the stripping target and electrode apertures were optimized. The experiments on fine beam injection were carried out as well as experiments on high current transportation. The output current in the range 1.5-2.5 mA with proton beam energy of 1 – 2 MeV was obtaned in the routine regimes of generation. In presented work the results of the experiments and possible way to rise the proton current higher then 3 mA level with energy 2 MeV are discussed.
*S. Taskaev, et al. Vacuum-insulation Tandem Accelerator for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Proc. 2nd International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC-2011),2011, San Sebastian, Spain, p.3615-3617.

THPWA042

Investigation of Space Charge Compensation at FETS

space-charge, ion-source, emittance, rfq

3723

J.K. Pozimski, S.M.H. Alsari, P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

In order to contribute to the development of high power proton accelerators in the MW range, to prepare the way for an ISIS upgrade and to contribute to the UK design effort on neutrino factories, a front end test stand (FETS) is being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The aim of the FETS is to demonstrate the production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps chopped beam at 3 MeV with sufficient beam quality. The ion source and LEBT are operational with the RFQ under manufacture. As a more detailed knowledge is of interest also for other projects like ESS and LINAC4 the FETS LEBT was updated to perform a detailed experimental analysis of space charge compensation utilizing a pulsed decompensation electrode together with a residual gas ion energy spectrometer and a fast emittance measurement device. In the FETS LEBT a high degree of space charge compensation (~90%) and a rise time of space charge compensation around ~ 50 μs could be concluded from measurements . In this paper the results of the experimental work will be presented together with discussion of the findings in respect to beam transport.

THPWA045

Accelerator R&D in the QUASAR Group

antiproton, storage-ring, electron, diagnostics

3732

C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1, HGF and GSI under contract VH-NG-328 and the EU under contracts 215080, 289181 and 289485.
The QUASAR Group is a pan-European research group based at the Cockcroft Institute in the UK. It carries out R&D into methods to decelerate and store very low energy antiproton and exotic ion beams, beam diagnostics developments for medical accelerators, including imaging and dosimetry, as well as opto-electronics and laser applications. This contribution presents the latest results of the Group's studies into the USR/ELENA/AEgIS antimatter facilities, novel least destructive beam profile monitors for medical and industry applications, as well as laser applications for accelerators, includingμaccelerators and a laser velocimeter.

THPWA050

Beam Conditioning System for Laser-driven Hadron Therapy

proton, laser, acceleration, target

3743

K.E. Woods, S. Boucher, F.H. O'Shea
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
B.M. Hegelich
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

While the superior therapeutic efficacy of hadron therapy has been clearly demonstrated, its availability to cancer patients is limited by the cost and size of current systems. RadiaBeam Technologies, in collaboration with the UCLA Department of Radiation Oncology and the University of Texas at Austin, is proposing the utilization of innovative laser-driven ion acceleration (LDIA) technology for the development of a compact, inexpensive proton therapy system that can ultimately be adapted for the acceleration of carbon ions. At less than a third the price of the average proton therapy unit, the realization of this system would make hadron therapy a much more realistic option for hospitals and clinics worldwide. However, LDIA produces a beam with large divergence, wide energy spread with multiple ion species, and a significant background of electrons and X-rays. Thus, a major challenge for clinical implementation of LDIA is the development of a post-target beam conditioning system for collimation, focusing, energy selection, background shielding, and scanning. This paper will discuss the progress of our design of such a system and plans for future testing.

THPWO002

Progress of Construction and Installation of the SPIRAL2 Accelerator

linac, rfq, controls, vacuum

3755

R. Ferdinand, P. Bertrand, X. Hulin, M. Jacquemet, E. Petit
GANIL, Caen, France

Officially approved in May 2005, the SPIRAL2 project was launched in July 2005 at GANIL, with the active participation of French laboratories (CEA, CNRS) and international partners. This new facility is composed of a linear accelerator producing deuteron, proton and heavy ion beams in a wide range of energies and intensities, with two dedicated experimental areas in the fields of Neutron for Science (NFS) and very heavy and super heavy element production (S3). In a second step, the facility will also produce Rare elements serving a low energy RIB experimental hall, or post-accelerated by means of the existing cyclotron CIME. This paper presents the performances of the main accelerator components, and the installation process into the SPIRAL2 building.

THPWO006

Beam Commissioning of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator Injector: Measurements and Simulations

solenoid, emittance, simulation, ion-source

3767

N. Chauvin, S. Chel, O. Delferrière, R. Gobin, P.A.P. Nghiem, F. Senée, M. Valette
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
A. Mosnier
Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
Y. Okumura
JAEA, Rokkasho, Japan
H. Shidara
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
D. Uriot
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The EVEDA (Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities) phase of the IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) project consists in building, testing and operating, in Japan, a 125 mA/9 MeV deuteron accelerator, called LIPAc, which has been developed in Europe. The 140 mA cw D⁺ beam that has to be delivered by the LIPAc injector is produced by a 2.45 GHz ECR ion source based on the SILHI design. The low energy beam transfer line (LEBT) relies on a dual solenoid focusing system to transport the beam and to match it into the RFQ*. The beam line is equipped by several diagnostics: intensity measurement, emittance measurement unit, profilers and beam proportion analysis. During the LIPAc injector beam commissioning performed in CEA-Saclay, the deuteron beam intensity transported at the end of the LEBT reached an unprecedented value of 140 mA at 100 keV. In this paper, the results obtained during the commissioning are presented. In particular, beam emittance measurements as a function of duty cycle, extracted current from the ion source and solenoid tunings are exposed. The experimental results are discussed and compared to beam dynamics simulations.
* R. Gobin et al., this conference

THPWO007

Advanced Superconducting CW Heavy Ion Linac R&D

solenoid, cavity, linac, heavy-ion

3770

W.A. Barth, S. Mickat, A. Orzhekhovskaya
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher, V. Gettmann, S. Jacke
HIM, Mainz, Germany
F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

An advanced upgrade program has to be realized in the next years, such that enhanced primary beam intensities are available. For this a new sc 28 GHz full performance ECR ion source has to be established. Via a new low energy beam line an already installed new RFQ and an IH-DTL will provide for cw-heavy ion beams with high average beam intensity. It is foreseen to build a new cw-heavy ion-linac behind this high charge state injector. In preparation an advanced R&D program is defined: The first linac section comprising a sc CH-cavity embedded by two sc solenoids (financed by HIM and partly by HGF-ARD-initiative) as a demonstrator will be tested in 2014). After successfull testing an advanced cryomodule comprising up to 4 rf cavities is foreseen. First layout scenarios of this advanced test bench will be presented.

THPWO010

Charge Stripping Tests of High Current Uranium Ion Beams with Methane and Hydrogen Gas Strippers and Carbon Foils at the GSI UNILAC

stripper, heavy-ion, vacuum, target

3779

B. Schlitt, W.A. Barth, G. Clemente, L. Groening, M. Kaiser, B. Lommel, M.T. Maier, S. Mickat, J. Steiner, H. Vormann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

At the GSI UNILAC, a nitrogen gas stripper is routinely used for stripping of heavy ion beams at 1.4 MeV/u. Different approaches to optimize the stripping efficiency as well as different options to increase the ion charge states for delivery to SIS18 are being investigated. The existing gas stripper was operated with methane and hydrogen gas for stripping of high current uranium ion beams. The results as well as the limitations of these tests will be presented and will be compared to standard nitrogen operation of the gas stripper. In addition, newest results using differently prepared carbon stripping foils for the same ion beams will be reported.

THPWO011

Status of the SIS100 Heavy Ion Synchrotron Project at FAIR

cryogenics, dipole, quadrupole, extraction

3782

P.J. Spiller, U. Blell, O. Boine-Frankenheim, L.H.J. Bozyk, E.S. Fischer, E. Floch, F. Hagenbuck, F. Hehenberger, M. Kauschke, O.K. Kester, A. Klaus, H. Klingbeil, H.G. König, P. Kowina, J.P. Meier, P. Moritz, C. Mühle, C. Omet, D. Ondreka, N. Pyka, H. Ramakers, P. Schnizer, J. Stadlmann, K. Sugita, D. Theuerkauf, B. Walasek-Höhne, St. Wilfert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

SIS100 is a unique superconducting heavy ion synchrotron, optimized for the acceleration of intense beams of intermediate charge state heavy ions. The operation with such beams has required new synchrotron design features and new technical concepts aiming for minimized ionization beam loss and vacuum dynamics. SIS100 is a superconducting synchrotron because of the required vacuum conditions and pumping power to achieve stable XHV conditions at high intensity operation. The project and procurement status will be presented.

THPWO012

High Gradient Room Temperature Cavity Development for 10 – 100 AMeV Beams

cavity, linac, focusing, DTL

3785

A. Almomani, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: BMBF, 05P12RFRB9
These linac activities are aimed to increase the accelerating field gradient. In IAP – Frankfurt, a CH – design was proposed to post-accelerate a proton bunch, generated by an intense laser, from 10 – 15.2 MeV. The accelerating field gradient is expected to reach > 10 MV/m. Within a funded project, this cavity will be further developed towards a high gradient cavity. The availability of the GSI 3 MW klystron test stand will be very important for these investigations. The results will influence the rebuilt of the Unilac - Alvarez section, where the existing linac tunnel with 1 m thick concrete walls should house a powerful pulsed heavy ion linac, optimized for achieving finally the beam intensities specified for the GSI-FAIR project. The status of the cavity design will be presented.

THPWO021

Gabor Lens Performance Studies at the GSI High Current Test Injector

emittance, electron, beam-transport, space-charge

3806

K. Schulte, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
A. Adonin, R. Berezov, R. Hollinger, J. Pfister
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

At the Institute for Applied Physics (IAP) the application of Gabor space charge lenses as a focusing device for low energy ion beams has already been studied for several years. Inside Gabor lenses electrons are confined by external fields. In case of a homogeneously distributed electron cloud the resulting linear electric space charge field enables the focusing of high intensity heavy ion beams without aberrations. Therefore, the Gabor lens is a promising approach for mass-independent focusing and possible space charge compensation of ion beams. In mid-2012 the performance of a prototype lens has successfully been tested at the GSI High Current Test Injector (HOSTI). GSI and IAP are currently investigating the possible application of such a device for the continuous operation at the High Current Injector (HSI) for FAIR. This contribution will present the results of beam transport experiments at HOSTI as well as the determination of related plasma properties.

THPWO023

The New RFQ as RIB Injector of the ALPI Linac

rfq, linac, emittance, injection

3812

M. Comunian, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, C. Roncolato
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

At the Legnaro National Laboratories it is operating a Super Conducting linac for nuclear studies named ALPI. A new project SPES is under study to provide neutron-rich rare nuclear beams (RIB) of final energies in the order of 10 MeV/A for nuclei in the A= 9-160 mass region. The radioactive ions will be produced with the ISOL technique using the proton induced fission on a Direct Target of UCx and subsequently reaccelerated using a new injector for the ALPI accelerator complex. In this paper the new RFQ injector and the transport line to ALPI will be describe.

THPWO036

Annular-Ring Coupled Structure Linac for the J-PARC Linac Energy Upgrade

vacuum, linac, cavity, proton

3845

H. Ao, H. Asano, Y. Nemoto, N. Ouchi, J. Tamura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
F. Naito, K. Takata
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The linac of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is the injector to the 3-GeV rapid cycle synchrotron. In order to increase the beam power of the synchrotron, the task of the 400-MeV energy upgrade of the linac started from March 2009. Following the 191-MeV Separated-type DTL, the 25 modules of the Annular-ring Coupled Structure (ACS) linac will be added from August 2013. The operating frequency and the accelerating field E0 of the ACS are 972 MHz and 4.2 MV/m, respectively. The cavity fabrication of the ACS has been almost finished, and then the completed cavities are stored in the J-PARC site. Currently, pumps and vacuum components are being installed on the cavities for the test of vacuum condition. For the pulsed beam of J-PARC, the vacuum pressure have to be less than 10^-6 Pa in order not to exceed 0.1 W/m beam loss. In this paper, we present the R&D results to reduce the vacuum pressure using the stored ACS cavity and the current status of the energy upgrade.

THPWO038

Electron Stripping of High-intensity ²³⁸U Ion Beam with Recirculating He Gas

stripper, electron, target, acceleration

3851

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, H. Okuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, Y. Yano
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Next-generation in-flight RI beam facilities such as RIBF and FRIB pursue powerful and energetic ²³⁸U ion beams to produce thousands of new isotopes. For their efficient acceleration, a durable electron stripper in the intermediate energy region around 10-20 MeV/u is indispensable. However, there is no available stripper for the U beams with the intensity of more than 1 puA so far because of the lifetime problem of thin solid strippers caused by high energy loss. 　In the present study, a novel electron stripping system employing high-flow rate He gas circulation (200 L/min) has been developed. He gas with the thickness of 0.6 mg/cm² is confined and separated from beamline vacuum using five-stage differentially-pumped sections. To avoid huge gas consumption, a clean gas recycling is achieved with multi-stage mechanical booster pump array. The recycling rate of He gas was achieved as more than 99%. The system was successfully operated in user runs with U³⁵⁺ beams more than 1 puA injected at 10.8 MeV/u for the first time. U⁶⁴⁺ beams were stably delivered to subsequent accelerators with the stripping efficiency of 23% without any deterioration of the system.

THPWO048

A CW High Charge State Heavy Ion RFQ for SSC-LINAC

rfq, heavy-ion, cavity, simulation

3878

Y.R. Lu, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, G. Liu, Z. Wang, X.Q. Yan, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. He, L.P. Sun, J.W. Xia, Y.Q. Yang, X. Yin, Y.J. Yuan, Z.L. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by NSFC 11079001
To improve the super heavy ion beam injection efficiency and supply high current heavy ion beam for Separated Sector Cyclotron, A CW RFQ for heavy ion with high charge state has been designed and manufactured in the last two years. This RFQ will operate at 53.667MHz, will accelerate super heavy ions such as 238U³⁴⁺ to 143keV/u. This paper will introduce the SSC-LINAC components, especially the RFQ beam dynamics, full length structure design, tuning and cooling method. Furthermore RF system and RF commissioning with full power for the RFQ power cavity will also be presented.

THPWO062

Status of the RAON Accelerator Systems

target, cavity, linac, ISOL

3898

D. Jeon
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is made possible by the support of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea.
The RAON is the heavy ion accelerator being built in Korea to build the In-flight Fragment (IF) and Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facilities to support cutting-edge researches in various science fields. Superconducting linac with 200 MeV/u, 400 kW is the driver for the IF facility and the 70 MeV, 70 kW H⁻ cyclotron is the driver for the ISOL facility. These facilities are to provide high intensity stable beams and rare isotope beams for the users domestic and abroad. The design and prototyping efforts are under way such as superconducting cavities and magnets. Status of the RAON accelerator systems is presented.

THPWO064

Superconducting Linac for the Rare Isotope Science Project

linac, cryomodule, cavity, quadrupole

3903

H.J. Kim, H.J. Cha, M.O. Hyun, H.J. Jang, D. Jeon, J.D. Joo, M.J. Joung, H.C. Jung, Y.C. Jung, Y. Kim, M. Lee, G.-T. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Abstract The RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project) accelerator has been planned to study heavy ion of nuclear, material and medical science at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS). It can deliver ions from proton to Uranium. The facility consists of three superconducting linacs of which superconducting cavities are independently phased and operating at three different frequencies, namely 81.25, 162.5 and 325 MHz. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. In this paper, we present the RISP linac design, the superconducting cavity and the requirements of beam diagnosics.

THPWO065

Optics Design and Correction of High Order Aberration of the Charge Stripper Beam Line of RAON

stripper, sextupole, emittance, optics

3906

H.J. Kim, D. Jeon, H.J. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
J.G. Hwang, E.-S. Kim
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

RAON (Rare isotope Accelerator Of Newness) in Korea will be providing the 400 kW of 238U⁷⁹⁺ beam with 8 puA and 200 MeV/u. One of the critical components of this project in the SCL is the design of the charge stripper. Between the two segments of the SCL, the charge stripper strips electrons from ion beams to enhance the acceleration efficiency in the following SCL2. For high efficiency of the acceleration and high power in SCL2, the optimum energy of striped ion in solid carbon foil stripper for SCL1 was estimated by using code LISE. The thickness of the solid carbon foil is 300 ug/m2. Based on this study, the charge stripping efficiency of solid carbon stripper is ~80 %. For the charge selection from ions which produced by the solid carbon stripper, the dispersive section is required in down-stream of the foil. The designed optics for dispersive section is based on the mirror-symmetric optics to minimize the effect of high-order aberration. And the high-order aberration in designed optics was investigated and performed the correction of high-order effect using sextupole magnets.

THPWO069

Development of the NICA Injection Facility

ion-source, rfq, linac, injection

3915

A.V. Butenko, E.D. Donets, E.E. Donets, V.V. Fimushkin, A. Govorov, A.D. Kovalenko, K.A. Levterov, I.N. Meshkov, V. Monchinsky, A.Yu. Ramsdorf, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Hoeltermann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
BEVATECH OHG, Offenbach/Main, Germany
A. Kolomiets, G. Kropachev, T. Kulevoy
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
S.M. Polozov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is assumed to operate using two injectors: the Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as injector for light ions, polarized protons and deuterons and a new linac HILac for heavy ions. The main features of ion sources and both linacs are presented. Upgrade for pre-accelerator of LU-20 is described.

THPWO077

Status and Plans for the Upgrade of the LHC Injectors

linac, injection, extraction, luminosity

3936

R. Garoby, H. Damerau, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, K. Hanke, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, L. Ponce, E.N. Shaposhnikova, R. Steerenberg, M. Vretenar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The plans for preparing the LHC injectors to fulfill the needs of the LHC during the next decade have significantly progressed in 2012. Linac4 construction has passed major steps of pre-series fabrication. Hardware developments and beam studies have allowed refining the baseline actions to implement and the beam characteristics achievable at injection into the collider for protons as well as for Lead ions. These achievements are described in this paper, together with the updated project planning matched to the new schedule of the LHC.

THPWO079

A Possible Scheme to Deliver 2 GeV Beams from the CERN PS Booster to the ISOLDE Facility

target, proton, booster, dipole

3942

K. Hanke, W. Bartmann, J.R.T. Cole, R. Fernandes Luis, A. Newborough, S. Pittet, T. Stora, D. Voulot
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN PS Booster (PSB) is presently undergoing an upgrade program to increase its beam energy from 1.4 GeV to 2.0 GeV. While this energy upgrade is targeted at LHC-type beams, the option of delivering 2 GeV beams to the ISOLDE facility has also been investigated. In this paper we present a preliminary study for delivering 2 GeV beams to ISOLDE including the physics motivation and the implications on the accelerator hardware.

THPWO086

Status of the RAL Front End Test Stand

rfq, ion-source, beam-transport, status

3963

A.P. Letchford, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, D.C. Faircloth, S.R. Lawrie
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.M.H. Alsari, M. Aslaninejad, J.K. Pozimski, P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
J.J. Back
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
R.T.P. D'Arcy, S. Jolly
UCL, London, United Kingdom
C. Gabor, D.C. Plostinar
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.K. Pozimski
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) under construction at RAL is a demonstrator for the front end systems of a future high power proton linac. Possible applications include a linac upgrade for the ISIS spallation neutron source, new future neutron sources, accelerator driven sub-critical systems, a neutrino factory etc. Designed to deliver a 60mA H-minus beam at 3MeV with a 10% duty factor, FETS consists of a high brightness ion source, magnetic low energy beam transport (LEBT), 4-vane 324MHz radio frequency quadrupole, medium energy beam transport (MEBT) containing a high speed beam chopper and non-destructive photo-detachment diagnostics. This paper describes the current status of the project and future plans.

FRXAA01

Beam Dynamics and Collective Effects in "Ultimate" Storage Rings

emittance, coupling, electron, scattering

3981

M. Takao
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

This presentation will review the beam dynamics issues such as impedance driven instabilities, intrabeam scattering, and the Touschek lifetime in ultimate storage rings with very low emittance.

Slides FRXAA01 [11.245 MB]

FRXBA01

Accelerator Technology - From Big Projects to Broad Application

cavity, superconducting-magnet, heavy-ion, superconducting-RF

3986

A. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Big projects with far-reaching technical goals seem to define technical parameters and test infrastructure performance. As such these are the 'drivers' of the technology and have a vital role and have application far beyond that originally foreseen. This talk will examine these links and propose strategies to best leverage them.

Slides FRXBA01 [13.721 MB]

FRXCB201

Overview of the World-wide RIB Facilities

linac, target, cyclotron, heavy-ion

4000

O. Kamigaito
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

This presentation will cover the latest development, status and challenges of the world-wide RIB beam facilities.

Slides FRXCB201 [7.665 MB]