HB2018 - List of Keywords (linac)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA1PL03	Linac4 Commissioning Status and Challenges to Nominal Operation	MMI, operation, injection, emittance	14
	G. Bellodi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Linac4 will be connected to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) during the next long LHC shutdown in 2019 and it will operationally replace Linac2 as provider of protons to the CERN complex as of 2021. Commissioning to the final beam energy of 160 MeV was achieved by the end of 2016. Linac4 is presently under-going a reliability and beam quality test run to meet the beam specifications and relative tolerances requested by the PSB. In this paper we will detail the main challenges left before achieving nominal operation and we will re-port on the commissioning steps still needed for final validation of machine readiness before start of operation.
	Slides MOA1PL03 [20.659 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOA1PL03
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MOP1WB02	Understanding the Source and Impact of Errant Beam Loss in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Super Conducting Linac (SCL)	cavity, ion-source, neutron, vacuum	48
	C.C. Peters, D. Curry, G.D. Johns, T.B. Southern ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA A.V. Aleksandrov, W. Blokland, B. Han, T.A. Justice, S.-H. Kim, M.A. Plum, A.P. Shishlo, M.P. Stockli, J.Y. Tang, R.F. Welton ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Linear Accelerator (Linac) delivers a high power proton beam (>1 MW) for neutron production with high neutron availability (>90%). For beam acceleration, the Linac has both normal and super conducting RF sections, with the Super Conducting Linac (SCL) portion providing the majority of beam acceleration (81 of 96 RF cavities are super conducting). Operationally, the goal is to achieve the highest possible beam energy by maximizing SCL cavity RF gradients, but not at the expense of cavity reliability. One mechanism that has negatively impacted both SCL cavity RF gradients and reliability is beam lost into the SCL due to malfunctions of upstream components. Understanding the sources and impacts of errant beam on SCL cavity performance will be discussed.
	Slides MOP1WB02 [19.080 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOP1WB02
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MOP2WB01	60 mA Beam Study in J-PARC Linac	DTL, rfq, lattice, simulation	60
	Y. Liu KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan A. Miura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan T. Miyao KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Otani, T. Shibata J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	Upgrade of Linac peak current from 50 mA to 60 mA is one of the keys to the next power upgrade in J-PARC. Beam studies with 60 mA were carried out in July and December, 2017, for the challenging issues such as investigation of beam property from the ion source, halo behavior throughout the LEBT, RFQ and MEBT1, emittance/Twiss measurement at MEBT1, beam emittance control, etc. Expected/unexpected problems, intermediate results and preparation for the next trials were introduced in this paper.
	Slides MOP2WB01 [12.952 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOP2WB01
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MOP2WB02	Simulation and Measurement Campaigns for Characterization and Performance Improvement of the CERN Heavy Ion Linac3	simulation, extraction, rfq, emittance	64
	G. Bellodi, S. Benedetti, D. Küchler, F.J.C. Wenander CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V. Toivanen GANIL, Caen, France
	In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade programme (LIU), several activities have been carried out to improve the GTS-LHC ion source and Linac3 performance (Linac3 providing the charged heavy ion beams for CERN exper-iments). A restudy of the beam dynamics and transport through the linac was initiated, through a campaign of systematic machine measurements and parallel beam simulations, generalising techniques developed for beam characterization during Linac4 commissioning. The work here presented will review the most relevant findings and lessons learnt in the process.
	Slides MOP2WB02 [17.512 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOP2WB02
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MOP2WB03	Emittance Growth and Beam Losses in LANSCE Linear Accelerator	emittance, beam-losses, proton, DTL	70
	Y.K. Batygin, R.W. Garnett, L. Rybarcyk LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The LANSCE Accelerator facility currently utilizes four 800 MeV H⁻ beams and one 100 MeV proton beam. Multi-beam operation requires careful control of accelerator tune to minimize beam losses. The most powerful 80 kW H⁻ beam is accumulated in the Proton Storage Ring and is extracted to the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center facility for production of moderated neutrons with meV-keV energy. Another H⁻ beam is delivered to the Weapon Neutron Research facility to create un-moderated neutrons in the keV - MeV energy range. The third H⁻ beam is shared between the Proton Radiography Facility and the Ultra-Cold Neutron facility. The 23 kW proton beam is used for isotope production in the fields of medicine, nuclear physics, national security, environmental science and industry. Minimization of beam losses in the linac is achieved due to careful tuning of the beam in each section of the accelerator facility, imposing restrictions on amplitudes and phases of RF sections, control of H⁻ beam stripping, and optimization of ion sources operation. This paper summarizes experimental results in accelerator operations and categorizes various sources of emittance growth and beam losses.
	Slides MOP2WB03 [4.570 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOP2WB03
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TUA1WC01	Installation and Commissioning of the Upgraded SARAF 4-rods RFQ	rfq, operation, proton, emittance	75
	L. Weissman, D. Berkovits, B. Kaizer, J. Luner, D. Nusbaum, A. Perry, J. Rodnizki, A. Shor, I. Silverman Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel A. Bechtold NTG Neue Technologien GmbH & Co KG, Gelnhausen, Germany
	Acceleration of a 1mA Continuous Wave (CW) deuteron (A/Q=2) beam at SARAF has been accomplished for the first time. A 5.3 mA pulsed deuteron beam has been accelerated as well. These achievements cap a series of major modifications to the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) 4-rods structure which included the incorporation of a new end flange, introduction of an additional RF power coupler and, most recently, installation of a new set of rod electrodes. The new rod modulation has been designed to enable deuteron beam acceleration at a lower inter-electrode voltage, to a slightly reduced final energy of 1.27 MeV/u and with stringent constraints on the extant of beam tails in the longitudinal phase space. This report will focus primarily on the installation and testing of the new rods. The successful conditioning campaign to 200 kW, ~10% above than the working point for deuteron operation, will be described. Beam commissioning with proton and deuteron beams will also be detailed. Results of beam measurements will be presented, including the characterization of the output beam in the transverse and longitudinal phase space. Finally, future possible improvements are discussed.
	Slides TUA1WC01 [12.606 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUA1WC01
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TUA2WC01	Discussion on SARAF-LINAC Cryomodules	cavity, cryomodule, controls, solenoid	80
	N. Pichoff CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France D. Chirpaz-Cerbat, R. Cubizolles, J. Dumas, R.D. Duperrier, G. Ferrand, B. Gastineau, F. Leseigneur, C. Madec, Th. Plaisant, J. Plouin IRFU, CEA, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	CEA is in charge of the design, construction, installation and commissioning at SNRC of the Linac of the SARAF project. The linac is composed of an MEBT and a Superconducting linac (SCL) integrating 4 cryomodules. Nowadays, the HWR cavities and superconducting magnets prototypes are being built. The Critical Design Review of the cryomodules has just been passed in March 2018. This paper present the status of the SARAF-LINAC cryomodules.
	Slides TUA2WC01 [14.245 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUA2WC01
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TUA2WC02	Status of R&D on New Superconducting Injector Linac for Nuclotron-NICA	cavity, SRF, proton, rfq	83
	S.M. Polozov, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, M.V. Lalayan, T.A. Lozeeva, S.V. Matsievskiy, R.E. Nemchenko, A.V. Samoshin, V.L. Shatokhin, N.P. Sobenin, D.V. Surkov, K.V. Taletskiy, V. Zvyagintsev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia A.A. Bakinowskaya, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, D.A. Shparla, A. Shvedau, S.V. Yurevich, V.G. Zaleski Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus M.A. Baturitski, S.A. Maksimenko INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus A.V. Butenko, N. Emelianov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia S.E. Demyanov Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus V.A. Karpovich BSU, Minsk, Belarus T. Kulevoy ITEP, Moscow, Russia V.N. Rodionova Belarussian State University, Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	The progress in R&D of QWR and HWR superconducting cavities will be discussed. These cavities are designed for the new injection linac constructed for Nuclotron-NICA complex at JINR. The goal of new linac is to accelerate protons up to 25 MeV (and up to 50 MeV at the second stage) and light ions to ~7.5 MeV/u for Nuclotron-NICA injection. Current results of beam dynamics simulations, SC cavities design and SRF technology development will be presented in this report.
	Slides TUA2WC02 [3.782 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUA2WC02
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TUA2WC03	Studies on Superconducting Deuteron Driver Linac for BISOL	cavity, ISOL, SRF, emittance	88
	F. Zhu, M. Chen, A.Q. Cheng, J.K. Hao, H.P. Li, S.W. Quan, F. Wang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by National Basic Research Project (No. 2014CB845504) Beijing isotope separation on line type rare ion beam facility (BISOL) for both basic science and applications is a project proposed by China Institute of Atomic Energy and Peking University. Deuteron driver accelerator of BISOL would adopt superconducting half wave resonators (HWRs) with low beta and high current. The HWR cavity performance and the beam dynamic simulation of the superconducting deuteron driver accelerator will be presented in this paper.
	Slides TUA2WC03 [10.028 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUA2WC03
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TUP2WE01	Injection Foil Temperature Measurements at the SNS Accelerator	radiation, vacuum, target, controls	104
	W. Blokland, C.F. Luck, A. Rakhman ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA N.J. Evans ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The SNS uses charge exchange injection to minimize losses during the accumulation of the accelerated beam in the ring. A stripper foil implements this by removing the electrons from the high intensity H⁻ beam coming from the linac. At a beam power of 1.2 MW, the foil lasts for many weeks, sometimes months. However, given the upgrade to 2.8 MW, it is important to know the current temperature of stripper foil in order to estimate its lifetime for the new beam power and beam size. In this paper, we discuss several methods to measure the temperature of stripper foil exposed to current operating conditions of the SNS accelerator. Given the high radiation in the vicinity of the foil, the uncertainty in the foil's emissivity, and available resources, we chose a two-wavelength pyrometer that is located 40 m from the foil. The pyrometer is composed of two mirrors, a refracting telescope, and two photodiodes. We present the calibration data and the temporally resolved measurements made with this pyrometer.
	Slides TUP2WE01 [13.195 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUP2WE01
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TUA1WD01	ESS Commissioning Plans	MMI, rfq, DTL, ion-source	127
	N. Milas, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, Y. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, D.C. Plostinar ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The ESS linac is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, and once completed it will deliver an unprecedented 5 MW of average power. The ion source and LEBT commissioning starts in 2018 and will continue with the RFQ, MEBT and the first DTL tank next year and up to the end of the fourth DTL tank in 2020. This paper will summarize the commissioning plans for the normal conducting linac with focus on the ion source and LEBT and application development for both commissioning and operation.
	Slides TUA1WD01 [1.552 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUA1WD01
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TUA2WD03	Automated Operation of EBIS Injector at BNL	target, heavy-ion, operation, laser	153
	T. Kanesue, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, B.D. Coe, M.R. Costanzo, L. DeSanto, S. Ikeda, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, D. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, V. Lo Destro, D.R. McCafferty, J. Morris, M. Okamura, R.H. Olsen, D. Raparia, R. Schoepfer, F. Severino, L. Smart, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The RHIC-EBIS pre-injector is a heavy ion pre-injector to deliver multiple heavy ion species at 2 MeV/u to the AGS-Booster at the RHIC accelerator complex. In addition to collider experiments at RHIC, multiple heavy ion species are used for the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) to evaluate the risk of radiation in space in radiobiology, physics, and engineering. A GCR simulator is one of the operation modes of NSRL to simulate a galactic cosmic ray event, which requires switching multiple ion species within a short period of time. The RHIC-EBIS pre-injector delivers various heavy ion species independently for simultaneous operation of RHIC and NSRL. We developed an automated scheme of the rapid species change and it is routinely used by NSRL or Main Control Room for daily operation without assistance of RHIC-EBIS experts. The number of species change exceeds one hundred. This paper describes the automated operation of the RHIC-EBIS pre-injector and the operational performance. This work has been supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
	Slides TUA2WD03 [1.999 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUA2WD03
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WEA1PL01	What is Missing for the Design and Operation of High-Power Linacs?	cavity, simulation, operation, lattice	195
	A.P. Shishlo ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The design process, tuning, and operation of high-power linacs are discussed. The inconsistencies between the basic beam physics principles used in the design and the operation practices are considered. The missing components of the beam physics tools for the design and operations are examined, especially for negative hydrogen ions linacs. The diagnostics and online models necessary for tuning and characterization of existing states of the linac are discussed.
	Slides WEA1PL01 [3.294 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEA1PL01
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WEA2WB02	Recent Studies of Beam Physics for Ion Linacs	emittance, DTL, injection, cavity	200
	L. Groening, S. Appel, X. Du, P. Gerhard, M.T. Maier, A. Rubin, P. Scharrer, H. Vormann, C. Xiao GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M. Chung UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea P. Scharrer HIM, Mainz, Germany P. Scharrer Mainz University, Mainz, Germany
	The UNIversal Linear ACcelerator (UNILAC) at GSI aims at provision of high brilliant ion beams, as it main purpose will be to serve as injector for the upcoming FAIR accelerator complex. The UNILAC injects into the subsequent synchrotron SIS18 applying horizontal multi-turn injection (MTI). Optimization of this process triggered intense theoretical and experimental studies of dynamics of transversely coupled beams. These activities comprise round-to-flat beam transformation, full 4d transverse beam diagnostics, optimization of the MTI parameters through generic algorithms, and extension of Busch's theorem to accelerated particle beams. Finally, recent advance in modeling time-transition-factors and its impact on improved linac performance will be presented as well as progress in the optimization of ion charge state stripping.
	Slides WEA2WB02 [4.772 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEA2WB02
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WEP1WB01	Beam Dynamics of the ESS Linac	target, cavity, quadrupole, rfq	206
	Y. Levinsen, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D.C. Plostinar, A. Ponton ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The ESS linac will deliver an unprecedented 5 MW of average beam power when completed. Beyond the 90 MeV normal conducting front-end, the acceleration is performed using SC structures up to the design energy of 2 GeV. As the ESS will send the beam to a fixed tungsten target, the emittance is not as important a factor as in injectors. However, the losses have to be studied in detail, including not only the average operational loss required to be of less than 1 W/m, but also the accidental losses, losses due to failure and other potentially damaging losses. The commissioning of the ion source and LEBT starts this year and will continue with the RFQ next year. In this contribution we will discuss the beam dynamics aspects and challenges of the ESS linac.
	Slides WEP1WB01 [2.084 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEP1WB01
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WEP1WB03	First Heavy Ion Beam Acceleration with a Superconducting Multi Gap CH-cavity	cavity, heavy-ion, acceleration, emittance	215
	W.A. Barth, M. Heilmann, A. Rubin, A. Schnase, S. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, T. Kürzeder, M. Miski-Oglu HIM, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany M. Basten, M. Busch, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	A newly developed superconducting 15-gap RF-cavity has been successfully tested at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. After a short commissioning and ramp up time of some days, a Crossbar H-cavity accelerated first time heavy ion beams with full transmission up to the design beam energy of 1.85 MeV/u. The design acceleration gain of 3.5 MV inside a length of less than 70 cm has been verified with heavy ion beam of up to 1.5 particle mueA. The measured beam parameters showed excellent beam quality, while a dedicated beam dynamics layout provides beam energy variation between 1.2 and 2.2 MeV/u. The beam commissioning is a milestone of the R&D work of Helmholtz Institute Mainz and GSI in collaboration with Goethe University Frankfurt towards a superconducting heavy ion continuous wave linear accelerator cw-Linac with variable beam energy. Further linac beam dynamics layout issues will be presented as well.
	Slides WEP1WB03 [20.157 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEP1WB03
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WEP1WB04	Design of Linac-100 and Linac-30 for New Rare Isotope Facility Project DERICA at JINR	cavity, experiment, rfq, electron	220
	S.M. Polozov, V.S. Dyubkov, T. Kulevoy, Y. Lozeev, T.A. Lozeeva, A.V. Samoshin MEPhI, Moscow, Russia A.S. Fomichev, L.V. Grigorenko JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia T. Kulevoy ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	DERICA (Dubna Electron-Radioactive Ion Collider fAcility) is the new ambitious project under development at JINR, Dubna . DERICA is proposed as the next step in RIB facilities development. It is planned that in the DERICA project the RIBs produced by the Fragment Separator, are stopped in a gas cell, are accumulated in the ion trap and then are transferred to the ion trap/charge breeder, creating the highest possible charge state for the further effective acceleration (system {gas cell - ion trap - ion trap/charge breeder}). From the accelerator point of view DERICA will include the driver LINAC-100 of heavy ions with Z=5-92 (energy up to 100 MeV/u) with operating mode close to CW, the fragment separator, the re-accelerator LINAC-30 of secondary beams with energies in the range 5-30 MeV/u), the fast ramping ring (energy <300 AMeV), the collector ring and the electron storage ring. General DERICA concept and possible design of the LINAC-100 and LINAC-30 accelerators playing a key role in the project will presented in this report. A.S. Fomichev et al., Scientific program of DERICA prospective accelerator and storage ring facility for radioactive ion beam research, http://aculina.jinr.ru/pdf/DERICA/DERICA-for-ufn-8-en.pdf
	Slides WEP1WB04 [11.844 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEP1WB04
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WEP2PO007	Multi-Particle Simulations of the Future CERN PSB Injection Process with Updated Linac4 Beam Performance	injection, emittance, optics, simulation	278
	V. Forte, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, M.A. Fraser, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, the injection process in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) will be renovated after the connection with the Linac4. A new H⁻ charge exchange injection system using a stripping foil is foreseen to increase the brightness of the stored beams and to provide high flexibility in terms of emittance tailoring at 160 MeV. Realistic multi-particle simulations of the future injection processes for high brightness beams (i.e. for the LHC) and high intensity beams (i.e. for the ISOLDE experiment) are presented in this paper. The simulations are based on the present performance of Linac4 and include scattering induced by the foil, space charge effects and compensation of the lattice perturbation introduced by the bumpers of the injection chicane.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEP2PO007
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WEP2PO010	Fermilab - The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP)	booster, proton, cavity, operation	287
	F.G. Garcia, S. Chaurize, C.C. Drennan, K. E. Gollwitzer, V.A. Lebedev, W. Pellico, J. Reid, C.-Y. Tan, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The Fermilab Proton Source is composed of three machines: an injector line, a normal conducting Linac and a Booster synchrotron. The proton improvement plan was proposed in 2012 to address the necessary accelerator upgrades and hardware modification to allow an increase in proton throughput, while maintaining acceptable activation levels, ensuring viable operation of the proton source to sustain the laboratory HEP program. A summary of work performed and respective results will be presented.
	Poster WEP2PO010 [1.699 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEP2PO010
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WEP2PO022	Study on the Phase Space Painting Injection during the Beam Commissioning for CSNS	injection, MMI, neutron, dipole	309
	M.Y. Huang, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	During the beam commissioning of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), different injection methods were used in different periods. In the early stage, since the precise position of the injection point was unknown and the beam power was relatively small, the fixed point injection was selected. In the later period, in order to increase the beam power and reduce the beam loss, the phase space painting method was used. In this paper, the phase space painting in the horizontal and vertical planes is studied in detail and the beam commissioning results of different painting injection are given and discussed. In addition, the different injection effects of the fixed point injection and painting injection are compared and studied.
	Poster WEP2PO022 [0.708 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEP2PO022
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THA1WD04	High-Brightness Challenges for the Operation of the CERN Injector Complex	injection, brightness, emittance, proton	352
	K. Hanke, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, H. Bartosik, E. Chapochnikova, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, B. Goddard, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, A. Lasheen, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, F. Tecker CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	CERN's LHC injectors are delivering high-brightness proton and ion beams for the Large Hadron Collider LHC. We review the present operation modes and beam performance, and highlight the limitations. We will then give an overview of the upgrade program that has been put in place to meet the demands of the LHC during the High-Luminosity LHC era.
	Slides THA1WD04 [4.746 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-THA1WD04
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THP2WB03	Influence of the Cavity Field Flatness and Effect of the Phase Reference Line Errors on the Beam Dynamics of the ESS Linac	cavity, DTL, controls, LLRF	377
	R. De Prisco, R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden K. Czuba, T.P. Leśniak, R. Papis, D. Sikora, M. Żukociński Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
	The particle longitudinal dynamics is affected by errors on the phase and amplitude of the electro-magnetic field in each cavity that cause emittance growth, beam degradation and losses. One of the causes of the phase error is the change of the ambient temperature in the LINAC tunnel, in the stub and in the klystron gallery that induces a phase drift of the signal travelling through the cables and radio frequency components. The field flatness error of each multiple cell cavity is caused by volume perturbation, cell to cell coupling, tuner penetration, etc.. In this paper it is studied the influences of these two types of errors on the beam dynamics and it is determined their tolerances such that the beam quality is kept within acceptable limits.
	Slides THP2WB03 [1.556 MB]
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THP2WB04	Longitudinal Dynamics of Low Energy Superconducting Linac	cavity, focusing, acceleration, lattice	383
	Z. Li SCU, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
	Funding: funded by NSFC(11375122, 11511140277) The superconducting linac is composed of short independent cavities, and the cavity occupies only a small portion (1/4 to 1/6) of the machine compared with the normal conducting one. When phase advance per period is greater than 60 degrees, the smooth approximation is no longer valid and the longitudinal motion has to be described by time dependent system. With the help of Poincare map, the single particle nonlinear time dependent longitudinal motion is investigated. The study shows that when phase advance per period is less than 60 degrees, the system can be well described by smooth approximation, that means there is a clear boundary (separatrix) between stable and unstable area; when phase advance is greater than 60 degrees, the system shows a quite different dynamic structures and the phase acceptance is decreased significantly compared with the smooth approximation theory predicated, especially when phase advance per period is greater than 90 degrees. The results show that even for low current ma-chine, the zero current phase advance should be kept less than 90 degrees to make sure there is no particle loss because of the shrink of the longitudinal acceptance.
	Slides THP2WB04 [1.061 MB]
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THA1WE04	ESS nBLM: Beam Loss Monitors based on Fast Neutron Detection	detector, neutron, proton, photon	404
	T. Papaevangelou CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France H. Alves, S. Aune, J. Beltramelli, Q. Bertrand, T. Bey, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, M. Combet, D. Desforge, M. Desmons, Y. Gauthier, E. Giner-Demange, A. Gomes, F. Gougnaud, F. Harrault, F. J. Iguaz Gutierrez, T.J. Joannem, M. Kebbiri, C. Lahonde-Hamdoun, P. Le Bourlout, Ph. Legou, O. Maillard, A. Marcel, C. Marchand, Y. Mariette, J. Marroncle, V. Nadot, M. Oublaid, G. Perreu, O. Piquet, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, J. Schwindling, L. Segui, F. Senée, R. Touzery, G. Tsiledakis, O. Tuske, D. Uriot IRFU, CEA, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France I. Dolenc Kittelmann, R.J. Hall-Wilton, C. Höglund, L. Robinson, T.J. Shea, P. Svensson ESS, Lund, Sweden V. Gressier IRSN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France K. Nikolopoulos Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom M. Pomorski CEA/DRT/LIST, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
	A new type of Beam Loss Monitor (BLM) system is being developed for use in the European Spallation Source (ESS) linac, primarily aiming to cover the low energy part (proton energies between 3-100 MeV). In this region of the linac, typical BLM detectors based on charged particle detection (i.e. Ionization Cham-bers) are not appropriate because the expected particle fields will be dominated by neutrons and photons. Another issue is the photon background due to the RF cavities, which is mainly due to field emission from the electrons from the cavity walls, resulting in brems-strahlung photons. The idea for the ESS neutron sensi-tive BLM system (ESS nBLM) is to use Micromegas detectors specially designed to be sensitive to fast neutrons and insensitive to low energy photons (X and gammas). In addition, the detectors must be insensitive to thermal neutrons, because those neutrons may not be directly correlated to beam losses. The appropriate configuration of the Micromegas operating conditions will allow excellent timing, intrinsic photon back-ground suppression and individual neutron counting, extending thus the dynamic range to very low particle fluxes.
	Slides THA1WE04 [3.267 MB]
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THP1WC01	MEBT Laser Notcher (Chopper) for Booster Loss Reduction	laser, booster, injection, cavity	416
	D.E. Johnson, C.M. Bhat, S. Chaurize, K.L. Duel, T.R. Johnson, P.R. Karns, W. Pellico, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, D. Slimmer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Fermilab Booster, which utilizes multi-turn injection and adiabatic capture, the extraction gap (aka "notch") has been created in the ring at injection energy using fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded absorber within the accelerator tunnel. This process, while effective at creating the extraction notch, was responsible for a significant fraction of the total beam power loss in the Booster tunnel and created significant residual activation within the Booster tunnel in the absorber region and beyond. With increasing beam demand from the Experimental Program, the Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV, where activation in not an issue. This talk will discuss moving from R&D to an operational laser system and its integration into the accelerator complex. We will also cover the loss reduction in the Booster, increased efficiency, and increased proton throughput. We will touch on other potential applications for this bunch-by-bunch neutralization approach.
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THP1WC02	Status of Proof-of-Principle Demonstration of 400 MeV H-Stripping to Proton by Using Only Lasers at J-PARC	laser, proton, cavity, injection	422
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, M. Kinsho, A. Miura, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Y. Irie, I. Yamane KEK, Ibaraki, Japan Y. Michine, H. Yoneda University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
	In order to make a breakthrough in the conventional H⁻ charge-exchange injection done by using solid stripper foil, we proposed a completely new method H⁻ stripping to proton by using only lasers. Extremely high residual radiation due foil beam interaction beam losses as well as unreliable and short lifetime of the stripper foil are already serious issues in all existing high intensity proton machines. To established our new principle, experimental studies for a proof-of-principle (POP) demonstration at 400 MeV H⁻ beam energy is under preparation at J-PARC. A vacuum chamber for the POP demonstration has already been installed at the end section of 400 MeV H⁻ beam transport of J-PARC Linac. The H⁻ beam manipulations, numerical simulations as well as the laser beam studies are in progress. The present status of the POP demonstration of 400 MeV H⁻ stripping to protons by using only lasers are presented.
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THP1WC03	Design of 162-MHz CW Bunch-by-Bunch Chopper and Prototype Testing Results	kicker, booster, injection, ECR	428
	A.V. Shemyakin, C.M. Baffes, J.-P. Carneiro, B.E. Chase, A.Z. Chen, J. Einstein-Curtis, D. Frolov, B.M. Hanna, V.A. Lebedev, L.R. Prost, G.W. Saewert, A. Saini, D. Sun Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C.J. Richard NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D. Sharma RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics The PIP-II program of upgrades proposed for the Fermilab accelerator complex, is centered around a 800 MeV, 2 mA CW SRF linac. A unique feature of the PIP-II linac is the capability to form a flexible bunch structure by removing a pre-programmed set of bunches from a long-pulse or CW 162.5 MHz train, coming from the RFQ, within the 2.1-MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section. The MEBT chopping system consists of two travelling-wave kickers working in sync followed by a beam absorber. The prototype components of the chopping system, two design variants of the kickers and a 1/4-size absorber, have been installed in the PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) accelerator and successfully tested with beam of up to 5 mA. In part, one of the kickers demonstrated a capability to create an aperiodic pulse sequence suitable for synchronous injection into the Booster while operating at 500 V and average switching frequency of 44 MHz during 0.55 ms bursts at 20 Hz. This report presents the design of the PIP-II MEBT chopping system and results of prototypes testing at PIP2IT.
	Slides THP1WC03 [4.615 MB]
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA1PL03

Linac4 Commissioning Status and Challenges to Nominal Operation

MMI, operation, injection, emittance

14

G. Bellodi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Linac4 will be connected to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) during the next long LHC shutdown in 2019 and it will operationally replace Linac2 as provider of protons to the CERN complex as of 2021. Commissioning to the final beam energy of 160 MeV was achieved by the end of 2016. Linac4 is presently under-going a reliability and beam quality test run to meet the beam specifications and relative tolerances requested by the PSB. In this paper we will detail the main challenges left before achieving nominal operation and we will re-port on the commissioning steps still needed for final validation of machine readiness before start of operation.

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MOP1WB02

Understanding the Source and Impact of Errant Beam Loss in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Super Conducting Linac (SCL)

cavity, ion-source, neutron, vacuum

48

C.C. Peters, D. Curry, G.D. Johns, T.B. Southern
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
A.V. Aleksandrov, W. Blokland, B. Han, T.A. Justice, S.-H. Kim, M.A. Plum, A.P. Shishlo, M.P. Stockli, J.Y. Tang, R.F. Welton
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Linear Accelerator (Linac) delivers a high power proton beam (>1 MW) for neutron production with high neutron availability (>90%). For beam acceleration, the Linac has both normal and super conducting RF sections, with the Super Conducting Linac (SCL) portion providing the majority of beam acceleration (81 of 96 RF cavities are super conducting). Operationally, the goal is to achieve the highest possible beam energy by maximizing SCL cavity RF gradients, but not at the expense of cavity reliability. One mechanism that has negatively impacted both SCL cavity RF gradients and reliability is beam lost into the SCL due to malfunctions of upstream components. Understanding the sources and impacts of errant beam on SCL cavity performance will be discussed.

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MOP2WB01

60 mA Beam Study in J-PARC Linac

DTL, rfq, lattice, simulation

60

Y. Liu
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
A. Miura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
T. Miyao
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Otani, T. Shibata
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

Upgrade of Linac peak current from 50 mA to 60 mA is one of the keys to the next power upgrade in J-PARC. Beam studies with 60 mA were carried out in July and December, 2017, for the challenging issues such as investigation of beam property from the ion source, halo behavior throughout the LEBT, RFQ and MEBT1, emittance/Twiss measurement at MEBT1, beam emittance control, etc. Expected/unexpected problems, intermediate results and preparation for the next trials were introduced in this paper.

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MOP2WB02

Simulation and Measurement Campaigns for Characterization and Performance Improvement of the CERN Heavy Ion Linac3

simulation, extraction, rfq, emittance

64

G. Bellodi, S. Benedetti, D. Küchler, F.J.C. Wenander
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Toivanen
GANIL, Caen, France

In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade programme (LIU), several activities have been carried out to improve the GTS-LHC ion source and Linac3 performance (Linac3 providing the charged heavy ion beams for CERN exper-iments). A restudy of the beam dynamics and transport through the linac was initiated, through a campaign of systematic machine measurements and parallel beam simulations, generalising techniques developed for beam characterization during Linac4 commissioning. The work here presented will review the most relevant findings and lessons learnt in the process.

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MOP2WB03

Emittance Growth and Beam Losses in LANSCE Linear Accelerator

emittance, beam-losses, proton, DTL

70

Y.K. Batygin, R.W. Garnett, L. Rybarcyk
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
The LANSCE Accelerator facility currently utilizes four 800 MeV H⁻ beams and one 100 MeV proton beam. Multi-beam operation requires careful control of accelerator tune to minimize beam losses. The most powerful 80 kW H⁻ beam is accumulated in the Proton Storage Ring and is extracted to the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center facility for production of moderated neutrons with meV-keV energy. Another H⁻ beam is delivered to the Weapon Neutron Research facility to create un-moderated neutrons in the keV - MeV energy range. The third H⁻ beam is shared between the Proton Radiography Facility and the Ultra-Cold Neutron facility. The 23 kW proton beam is used for isotope production in the fields of medicine, nuclear physics, national security, environmental science and industry. Minimization of beam losses in the linac is achieved due to careful tuning of the beam in each section of the accelerator facility, imposing restrictions on amplitudes and phases of RF sections, control of H⁻ beam stripping, and optimization of ion sources operation. This paper summarizes experimental results in accelerator operations and categorizes various sources of emittance growth and beam losses.

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TUA1WC01

Installation and Commissioning of the Upgraded SARAF 4-rods RFQ

rfq, operation, proton, emittance

75

L. Weissman, D. Berkovits, B. Kaizer, J. Luner, D. Nusbaum, A. Perry, J. Rodnizki, A. Shor, I. Silverman
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
A. Bechtold
NTG Neue Technologien GmbH & Co KG, Gelnhausen, Germany

Acceleration of a 1mA Continuous Wave (CW) deuteron (A/Q=2) beam at SARAF has been accomplished for the first time. A 5.3 mA pulsed deuteron beam has been accelerated as well. These achievements cap a series of major modifications to the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) 4-rods structure which included the incorporation of a new end flange, introduction of an additional RF power coupler and, most recently, installation of a new set of rod electrodes. The new rod modulation has been designed to enable deuteron beam acceleration at a lower inter-electrode voltage, to a slightly reduced final energy of 1.27 MeV/u and with stringent constraints on the extant of beam tails in the longitudinal phase space. This report will focus primarily on the installation and testing of the new rods. The successful conditioning campaign to 200 kW, ~10% above than the working point for deuteron operation, will be described. Beam commissioning with proton and deuteron beams will also be detailed. Results of beam measurements will be presented, including the characterization of the output beam in the transverse and longitudinal phase space. Finally, future possible improvements are discussed.

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TUA2WC01

Discussion on SARAF-LINAC Cryomodules

cavity, cryomodule, controls, solenoid

80

N. Pichoff
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
D. Chirpaz-Cerbat, R. Cubizolles, J. Dumas, R.D. Duperrier, G. Ferrand, B. Gastineau, F. Leseigneur, C. Madec, Th. Plaisant, J. Plouin
IRFU, CEA, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

CEA is in charge of the design, construction, installation and commissioning at SNRC of the Linac of the SARAF project. The linac is composed of an MEBT and a Superconducting linac (SCL) integrating 4 cryomodules. Nowadays, the HWR cavities and superconducting magnets prototypes are being built. The Critical Design Review of the cryomodules has just been passed in March 2018. This paper present the status of the SARAF-LINAC cryomodules.

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TUA2WC02

Status of R&D on New Superconducting Injector Linac for Nuclotron-NICA

cavity, SRF, proton, rfq

83

S.M. Polozov, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, M.V. Lalayan, T.A. Lozeeva, S.V. Matsievskiy, R.E. Nemchenko, A.V. Samoshin, V.L. Shatokhin, N.P. Sobenin, D.V. Surkov, K.V. Taletskiy, V. Zvyagintsev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Bakinowskaya, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, D.A. Shparla, A. Shvedau, S.V. Yurevich, V.G. Zaleski
Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
M.A. Baturitski, S.A. Maksimenko
INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus
A.V. Butenko, N. Emelianov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
S.E. Demyanov
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
V.A. Karpovich
BSU, Minsk, Belarus
T. Kulevoy
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
V.N. Rodionova
Belarussian State University, Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus
V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The progress in R&D of QWR and HWR superconducting cavities will be discussed. These cavities are designed for the new injection linac constructed for Nuclotron-NICA complex at JINR. The goal of new linac is to accelerate protons up to 25 MeV (and up to 50 MeV at the second stage) and light ions to ~7.5 MeV/u for Nuclotron-NICA injection. Current results of beam dynamics simulations, SC cavities design and SRF technology development will be presented in this report.

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TUA2WC03

Studies on Superconducting Deuteron Driver Linac for BISOL

cavity, ISOL, SRF, emittance

88

F. Zhu, M. Chen, A.Q. Cheng, J.K. Hao, H.P. Li, S.W. Quan, F. Wang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by National Basic Research Project (No. 2014CB845504)
Beijing isotope separation on line type rare ion beam facility (BISOL) for both basic science and applications is a project proposed by China Institute of Atomic Energy and Peking University. Deuteron driver accelerator of BISOL would adopt superconducting half wave resonators (HWRs) with low beta and high current. The HWR cavity performance and the beam dynamic simulation of the superconducting deuteron driver accelerator will be presented in this paper.

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TUP2WE01

Injection Foil Temperature Measurements at the SNS Accelerator

radiation, vacuum, target, controls

104

W. Blokland, C.F. Luck, A. Rakhman
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
N.J. Evans
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The SNS uses charge exchange injection to minimize losses during the accumulation of the accelerated beam in the ring. A stripper foil implements this by removing the electrons from the high intensity H⁻ beam coming from the linac. At a beam power of 1.2 MW, the foil lasts for many weeks, sometimes months. However, given the upgrade to 2.8 MW, it is important to know the current temperature of stripper foil in order to estimate its lifetime for the new beam power and beam size. In this paper, we discuss several methods to measure the temperature of stripper foil exposed to current operating conditions of the SNS accelerator. Given the high radiation in the vicinity of the foil, the uncertainty in the foil's emissivity, and available resources, we chose a two-wavelength pyrometer that is located 40 m from the foil. The pyrometer is composed of two mirrors, a refracting telescope, and two photodiodes. We present the calibration data and the temporally resolved measurements made with this pyrometer.

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TUA1WD01

ESS Commissioning Plans

MMI, rfq, DTL, ion-source

127

N. Milas, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, Y. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, D.C. Plostinar
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The ESS linac is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, and once completed it will deliver an unprecedented 5 MW of average power. The ion source and LEBT commissioning starts in 2018 and will continue with the RFQ, MEBT and the first DTL tank next year and up to the end of the fourth DTL tank in 2020. This paper will summarize the commissioning plans for the normal conducting linac with focus on the ion source and LEBT and application development for both commissioning and operation.

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TUA2WD03

Automated Operation of EBIS Injector at BNL

target, heavy-ion, operation, laser

153

T. Kanesue, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, B.D. Coe, M.R. Costanzo, L. DeSanto, S. Ikeda, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, D. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, V. Lo Destro, D.R. McCafferty, J. Morris, M. Okamura, R.H. Olsen, D. Raparia, R. Schoepfer, F. Severino, L. Smart, K. Zeno
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The RHIC-EBIS pre-injector is a heavy ion pre-injector to deliver multiple heavy ion species at 2 MeV/u to the AGS-Booster at the RHIC accelerator complex. In addition to collider experiments at RHIC, multiple heavy ion species are used for the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) to evaluate the risk of radiation in space in radiobiology, physics, and engineering. A GCR simulator is one of the operation modes of NSRL to simulate a galactic cosmic ray event, which requires switching multiple ion species within a short period of time. The RHIC-EBIS pre-injector delivers various heavy ion species independently for simultaneous operation of RHIC and NSRL. We developed an automated scheme of the rapid species change and it is routinely used by NSRL or Main Control Room for daily operation without assistance of RHIC-EBIS experts. The number of species change exceeds one hundred. This paper describes the automated operation of the RHIC-EBIS pre-injector and the operational performance.
This work has been supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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WEA1PL01

What is Missing for the Design and Operation of High-Power Linacs?

cavity, simulation, operation, lattice

195

A.P. Shishlo
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The design process, tuning, and operation of high-power linacs are discussed. The inconsistencies between the basic beam physics principles used in the design and the operation practices are considered. The missing components of the beam physics tools for the design and operations are examined, especially for negative hydrogen ions linacs. The diagnostics and online models necessary for tuning and characterization of existing states of the linac are discussed.

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WEA2WB02

Recent Studies of Beam Physics for Ion Linacs

emittance, DTL, injection, cavity

200

L. Groening, S. Appel, X. Du, P. Gerhard, M.T. Maier, A. Rubin, P. Scharrer, H. Vormann, C. Xiao
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Chung
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
P. Scharrer
HIM, Mainz, Germany
P. Scharrer
Mainz University, Mainz, Germany

The UNIversal Linear ACcelerator (UNILAC) at GSI aims at provision of high brilliant ion beams, as it main purpose will be to serve as injector for the upcoming FAIR accelerator complex. The UNILAC injects into the subsequent synchrotron SIS18 applying horizontal multi-turn injection (MTI). Optimization of this process triggered intense theoretical and experimental studies of dynamics of transversely coupled beams. These activities comprise round-to-flat beam transformation, full 4d transverse beam diagnostics, optimization of the MTI parameters through generic algorithms, and extension of Busch's theorem to accelerated particle beams. Finally, recent advance in modeling time-transition-factors and its impact on improved linac performance will be presented as well as progress in the optimization of ion charge state stripping.

Slides WEA2WB02 [4.772 MB]

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WEP1WB01

Beam Dynamics of the ESS Linac

target, cavity, quadrupole, rfq

206

Y. Levinsen, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D.C. Plostinar, A. Ponton
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The ESS linac will deliver an unprecedented 5 MW of average beam power when completed. Beyond the 90 MeV normal conducting front-end, the acceleration is performed using SC structures up to the design energy of 2 GeV. As the ESS will send the beam to a fixed tungsten target, the emittance is not as important a factor as in injectors. However, the losses have to be studied in detail, including not only the average operational loss required to be of less than 1 W/m, but also the accidental losses, losses due to failure and other potentially damaging losses. The commissioning of the ion source and LEBT starts this year and will continue with the RFQ next year. In this contribution we will discuss the beam dynamics aspects and challenges of the ESS linac.

Slides WEP1WB01 [2.084 MB]

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WEP1WB03

First Heavy Ion Beam Acceleration with a Superconducting Multi Gap CH-cavity

cavity, heavy-ion, acceleration, emittance

215

W.A. Barth, M. Heilmann, A. Rubin, A. Schnase, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, T. Kürzeder, M. Miski-Oglu
HIM, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany
M. Basten, M. Busch, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A newly developed superconducting 15-gap RF-cavity has been successfully tested at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. After a short commissioning and ramp up time of some days, a Crossbar H-cavity accelerated first time heavy ion beams with full transmission up to the design beam energy of 1.85 MeV/u. The design acceleration gain of 3.5 MV inside a length of less than 70 cm has been verified with heavy ion beam of up to 1.5 particle mueA. The measured beam parameters showed excellent beam quality, while a dedicated beam dynamics layout provides beam energy variation between 1.2 and 2.2 MeV/u. The beam commissioning is a milestone of the R&D work of Helmholtz Institute Mainz and GSI in collaboration with Goethe University Frankfurt towards a superconducting heavy ion continuous wave linear accelerator cw-Linac with variable beam energy. Further linac beam dynamics layout issues will be presented as well.

Slides WEP1WB03 [20.157 MB]

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WEP1WB04

Design of Linac-100 and Linac-30 for New Rare Isotope Facility Project DERICA at JINR

cavity, experiment, rfq, electron

220

S.M. Polozov, V.S. Dyubkov, T. Kulevoy, Y. Lozeev, T.A. Lozeeva, A.V. Samoshin
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
A.S. Fomichev, L.V. Grigorenko
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
T. Kulevoy
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

DERICA (Dubna Electron-Radioactive Ion Collider fAcility) is the new ambitious project under development at JINR, Dubna *. DERICA is proposed as the next step in RIB facilities development. It is planned that in the DERICA project the RIBs produced by the Fragment Separator, are stopped in a gas cell, are accumulated in the ion trap and then are transferred to the ion trap/charge breeder, creating the highest possible charge state for the further effective acceleration (system {gas cell - ion trap - ion trap/charge breeder}). From the accelerator point of view DERICA will include the driver LINAC-100 of heavy ions with Z=5-92 (energy up to 100 MeV/u) with operating mode close to CW, the fragment separator, the re-accelerator LINAC-30 of secondary beams with energies in the range 5-30 MeV/u), the fast ramping ring (energy <300 AMeV), the collector ring and the electron storage ring. General DERICA concept and possible design of the LINAC-100 and LINAC-30 accelerators playing a key role in the project will presented in this report.
* A.S. Fomichev et al., Scientific program of DERICA prospective accelerator and storage ring facility for radioactive ion beam research, http://aculina.jinr.ru/pdf/DERICA/DERICA-for-ufn-8-en.pdf

Slides WEP1WB04 [11.844 MB]

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WEP2PO007

Multi-Particle Simulations of the Future CERN PSB Injection Process with Updated Linac4 Beam Performance

injection, emittance, optics, simulation

278

V. Forte, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, M.A. Fraser, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, the injection process in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) will be renovated after the connection with the Linac4. A new H⁻ charge exchange injection system using a stripping foil is foreseen to increase the brightness of the stored beams and to provide high flexibility in terms of emittance tailoring at 160 MeV. Realistic multi-particle simulations of the future injection processes for high brightness beams (i.e. for the LHC) and high intensity beams (i.e. for the ISOLDE experiment) are presented in this paper. The simulations are based on the present performance of Linac4 and include scattering induced by the foil, space charge effects and compensation of the lattice perturbation introduced by the bumpers of the injection chicane.

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WEP2PO010

Fermilab - The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP)

booster, proton, cavity, operation

287

F.G. Garcia, S. Chaurize, C.C. Drennan, K. E. Gollwitzer, V.A. Lebedev, W. Pellico, J. Reid, C.-Y. Tan, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The Fermilab Proton Source is composed of three machines: an injector line, a normal conducting Linac and a Booster synchrotron. The proton improvement plan was proposed in 2012 to address the necessary accelerator upgrades and hardware modification to allow an increase in proton throughput, while maintaining acceptable activation levels, ensuring viable operation of the proton source to sustain the laboratory HEP program. A summary of work performed and respective results will be presented.

Poster WEP2PO010 [1.699 MB]

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WEP2PO022

Study on the Phase Space Painting Injection during the Beam Commissioning for CSNS

injection, MMI, neutron, dipole

309

M.Y. Huang, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

During the beam commissioning of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), different injection methods were used in different periods. In the early stage, since the precise position of the injection point was unknown and the beam power was relatively small, the fixed point injection was selected. In the later period, in order to increase the beam power and reduce the beam loss, the phase space painting method was used. In this paper, the phase space painting in the horizontal and vertical planes is studied in detail and the beam commissioning results of different painting injection are given and discussed. In addition, the different injection effects of the fixed point injection and painting injection are compared and studied.

Poster WEP2PO022 [0.708 MB]

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THA1WD04

High-Brightness Challenges for the Operation of the CERN Injector Complex

injection, brightness, emittance, proton

352

K. Hanke, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, H. Bartosik, E. Chapochnikova, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, B. Goddard, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, A. Lasheen, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, F. Tecker
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN's LHC injectors are delivering high-brightness proton and ion beams for the Large Hadron Collider LHC. We review the present operation modes and beam performance, and highlight the limitations. We will then give an overview of the upgrade program that has been put in place to meet the demands of the LHC during the High-Luminosity LHC era.

Slides THA1WD04 [4.746 MB]

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THP2WB03

Influence of the Cavity Field Flatness and Effect of the Phase Reference Line Errors on the Beam Dynamics of the ESS Linac

cavity, DTL, controls, LLRF

377

R. De Prisco, R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
K. Czuba, T.P. Leśniak, R. Papis, D. Sikora, M. Żukociński
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland

The particle longitudinal dynamics is affected by errors on the phase and amplitude of the electro-magnetic field in each cavity that cause emittance growth, beam degradation and losses. One of the causes of the phase error is the change of the ambient temperature in the LINAC tunnel, in the stub and in the klystron gallery that induces a phase drift of the signal travelling through the cables and radio frequency components. The field flatness error of each multiple cell cavity is caused by volume perturbation, cell to cell coupling, tuner penetration, etc.. In this paper it is studied the influences of these two types of errors on the beam dynamics and it is determined their tolerances such that the beam quality is kept within acceptable limits.

Slides THP2WB03 [1.556 MB]

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THP2WB04

Longitudinal Dynamics of Low Energy Superconducting Linac

cavity, focusing, acceleration, lattice

383

Z. Li
SCU, Chengdu, People's Republic of China

Funding: funded by NSFC(11375122, 11511140277)
The superconducting linac is composed of short independent cavities, and the cavity occupies only a small portion (1/4 to 1/6) of the machine compared with the normal conducting one. When phase advance per period is greater than 60 degrees, the smooth approximation is no longer valid and the longitudinal motion has to be described by time dependent system. With the help of Poincare map, the single particle nonlinear time dependent longitudinal motion is investigated. The study shows that when phase advance per period is less than 60 degrees, the system can be well described by smooth approximation, that means there is a clear boundary (separatrix) between stable and unstable area; when phase advance is greater than 60 degrees, the system shows a quite different dynamic structures and the phase acceptance is decreased significantly compared with the smooth approximation theory predicated, especially when phase advance per period is greater than 90 degrees. The results show that even for low current ma-chine, the zero current phase advance should be kept less than 90 degrees to make sure there is no particle loss because of the shrink of the longitudinal acceptance.

Slides THP2WB04 [1.061 MB]

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THA1WE04

ESS nBLM: Beam Loss Monitors based on Fast Neutron Detection

detector, neutron, proton, photon

404

T. Papaevangelou
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
H. Alves, S. Aune, J. Beltramelli, Q. Bertrand, T. Bey, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, M. Combet, D. Desforge, M. Desmons, Y. Gauthier, E. Giner-Demange, A. Gomes, F. Gougnaud, F. Harrault, F. J. Iguaz Gutierrez, T.J. Joannem, M. Kebbiri, C. Lahonde-Hamdoun, P. Le Bourlout, Ph. Legou, O. Maillard, A. Marcel, C. Marchand, Y. Mariette, J. Marroncle, V. Nadot, M. Oublaid, G. Perreu, O. Piquet, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, J. Schwindling, L. Segui, F. Senée, R. Touzery, G. Tsiledakis, O. Tuske, D. Uriot
IRFU, CEA, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
I. Dolenc Kittelmann, R.J. Hall-Wilton, C. Höglund, L. Robinson, T.J. Shea, P. Svensson
ESS, Lund, Sweden
V. Gressier
IRSN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
K. Nikolopoulos
Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
M. Pomorski
CEA/DRT/LIST, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

A new type of Beam Loss Monitor (BLM) system is being developed for use in the European Spallation Source (ESS) linac, primarily aiming to cover the low energy part (proton energies between 3-100 MeV). In this region of the linac, typical BLM detectors based on charged particle detection (i.e. Ionization Cham-bers) are not appropriate because the expected particle fields will be dominated by neutrons and photons. Another issue is the photon background due to the RF cavities, which is mainly due to field emission from the electrons from the cavity walls, resulting in brems-strahlung photons. The idea for the ESS neutron sensi-tive BLM system (ESS nBLM) is to use Micromegas detectors specially designed to be sensitive to fast neutrons and insensitive to low energy photons (X and gammas). In addition, the detectors must be insensitive to thermal neutrons, because those neutrons may not be directly correlated to beam losses. The appropriate configuration of the Micromegas operating conditions will allow excellent timing, intrinsic photon back-ground suppression and individual neutron counting, extending thus the dynamic range to very low particle fluxes.

Slides THA1WE04 [3.267 MB]

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THP1WC01

MEBT Laser Notcher (Chopper) for Booster Loss Reduction

laser, booster, injection, cavity

416

D.E. Johnson, C.M. Bhat, S. Chaurize, K.L. Duel, T.R. Johnson, P.R. Karns, W. Pellico, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, D. Slimmer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Fermilab Booster, which utilizes multi-turn injection and adiabatic capture, the extraction gap (aka "notch") has been created in the ring at injection energy using fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded absorber within the accelerator tunnel. This process, while effective at creating the extraction notch, was responsible for a significant fraction of the total beam power loss in the Booster tunnel and created significant residual activation within the Booster tunnel in the absorber region and beyond. With increasing beam demand from the Experimental Program, the Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV, where activation in not an issue. This talk will discuss moving from R&D to an operational laser system and its integration into the accelerator complex. We will also cover the loss reduction in the Booster, increased efficiency, and increased proton throughput. We will touch on other potential applications for this bunch-by-bunch neutralization approach.

Slides THP1WC01 [26.294 MB]

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THP1WC02

Status of Proof-of-Principle Demonstration of 400 MeV H-Stripping to Proton by Using Only Lasers at J-PARC

laser, proton, cavity, injection

422

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, M. Kinsho, A. Miura, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Y. Irie, I. Yamane
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Michine, H. Yoneda
University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan

In order to make a breakthrough in the conventional H⁻ charge-exchange injection done by using solid stripper foil, we proposed a completely new method H⁻ stripping to proton by using only lasers. Extremely high residual radiation due foil beam interaction beam losses as well as unreliable and short lifetime of the stripper foil are already serious issues in all existing high intensity proton machines. To established our new principle, experimental studies for a proof-of-principle (POP) demonstration at 400 MeV H⁻ beam energy is under preparation at J-PARC. A vacuum chamber for the POP demonstration has already been installed at the end section of 400 MeV H⁻ beam transport of J-PARC Linac. The H⁻ beam manipulations, numerical simulations as well as the laser beam studies are in progress. The present status of the POP demonstration of 400 MeV H⁻ stripping to protons by using only lasers are presented.

Slides THP1WC02 [7.535 MB]

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THP1WC03

Design of 162-MHz CW Bunch-by-Bunch Chopper and Prototype Testing Results

kicker, booster, injection, ECR

428

A.V. Shemyakin, C.M. Baffes, J.-P. Carneiro, B.E. Chase, A.Z. Chen, J. Einstein-Curtis, D. Frolov, B.M. Hanna, V.A. Lebedev, L.R. Prost, G.W. Saewert, A. Saini, D. Sun
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C.J. Richard
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D. Sharma
RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics
The PIP-II program of upgrades proposed for the Fermilab accelerator complex, is centered around a 800 MeV, 2 mA CW SRF linac. A unique feature of the PIP-II linac is the capability to form a flexible bunch structure by removing a pre-programmed set of bunches from a long-pulse or CW 162.5 MHz train, coming from the RFQ, within the 2.1-MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section. The MEBT chopping system consists of two travelling-wave kickers working in sync followed by a beam absorber. The prototype components of the chopping system, two design variants of the kickers and a 1/4-size absorber, have been installed in the PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) accelerator and successfully tested with beam of up to 5 mA. In part, one of the kickers demonstrated a capability to create an aperiodic pulse sequence suitable for synchronous injection into the Booster while operating at 500 V and average switching frequency of 44 MHz during 0.55 ms bursts at 20 Hz. This report presents the design of the PIP-II MEBT chopping system and results of prototypes testing at PIP2IT.

Slides THP1WC03 [4.615 MB]

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