Keyword: injection
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MOA1PL02 Beam Dynamics Challenges for the LHC and Injector Upgrades emittance, brightness, impedance, space-charge 8
 
  • G. Rumolo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will rely on significantly higher bunch current and brightness to meet the future yearly integrated luminosity target. The implications are twofold. On one side, all the accelerators of the LHC injection chain will have to be upgraded to produce the desired beam parameters. For this purpose, the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) program has been established to implement all the needed modifications for meeting the required beam specifications. These upgrades will lead to the lifting of the main intensity and brightness limitations in the injectors, linked to beam instabilities driven by impedance or electron cloud (e-cloud), and space charge. On the other side, the LHC will have to be able to swallow the new beam parameters. This will mainly require control of impedance driven instabilities and beam-beam effects, and e-cloud mitigation. In this paper, we will focus on proton beams by describing the identified performance limitations of the LHC and its injectors, as well as the actions envisioned to overcome them.  
slides icon Slides MOA1PL02 [13.138 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOA1PL02  
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MOA1PL03 Linac4 Commissioning Status and Challenges to Nominal Operation linac, MMI, operation, emittance 14
 
  • G. Bellodi
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Linac4 will be connected to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) during the next long LHC shutdown in 2019 and it will operationally replace Linac2 as provider of protons to the CERN complex as of 2021. Commissioning to the final beam energy of 160 MeV was achieved by the end of 2016. Linac4 is presently under-going a reliability and beam quality test run to meet the beam specifications and relative tolerances requested by the PSB. In this paper we will detail the main challenges left before achieving nominal operation and we will re-port on the commissioning steps still needed for final validation of machine readiness before start of operation.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOA1PL03  
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MOP1WA01 J-PARC RCS: Effects of Emittance Exchange on Injection Painting emittance, operation, space-charge, betatron 20
 
  • H. Hotchi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
 
  The J-PARC RCS is a high-power rapid cycling synchrotron aiming for a 1-MW output beam power. This talk reports the recent progress of the J-PARC RCS beam commissioning and operation especially focusing on our efforts for beam dynamics issues that we faced during the process of the beam power ramp-up.  
slides icon Slides MOP1WA01 [4.081 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-MOP1WA01  
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TUP2WE04 Design of the Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS) in the Framework of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project site, shielding, simulation, impedance 122
 
  • L. Teofili, D. Carbajo Perez, I. Lamas Garcia, M. Migliorati, A. Perillo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • M. Migliorati
    INFN-Roma1, Rome, Italy
  • M. Migliorati
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
 
  The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project at CERN calls for increasing beam brightness and intensity. In this scenario most equipment has to be redesigned and rebuilt. In particular, beam intercepting devices (as dumps, collimators, absorbers and scrapers) have to withstand impact or scraping of the new intense HL-LHC beams without failures. Further, minimizing the electromagnetic beam-device interactions is also a key design driver since they can lead to beam instabilities and excessive thermo-mechanical loading of devices. In this context, the present study assesses the conceptual design quality of the new LHC injection dump, the Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS), from an electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical perspective. This contribution analyzes the thermo-mechanical response of the device considering two cases: an accidental beam impact scenario and another accidental scenario with complete failure of the RF-contacts. Further, this paper presents the preliminary results for the simulation of the energy deposited by the two counter-rotating beams circulating in the device.  
slides icon Slides TUP2WE04 [10.895 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUP2WE04  
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TUA1WD03 Commissioning Status and Plans of CSNS/RCS MMI, quadrupole, dipole, acceleration 133
 
  • S.Y. Xu, Y.W. An, J. Chen, M.Y. Huang, H.F. Ji, Y. Li, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • X.H. Lu
    CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
 
  The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based science facility. CSNS is designed to accelerate proton beam pulses to 1.6 GeV kinetic energy, striking a solid metal target to produce spallation neutrons. CSNS has two major accelerator systems, a linear accelerator (80 MeV Linac) and a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The Beam commissioning of CSNS has been commissioned recently. Beam had been accelerated to 61 MeV at CSNS/Linac on April 24, 2017, and 1.6 GeV acceleration at CSNS/RCS was successfully accomplished on July 7, 2017 with the injection energy of 61 MeV. Beam had been accelerated to 80 MeV at CSNS/Linac on January 6, 2018, and 1.6 GeV acceleration at CSNS/RCS was successfully accomplished on January 18, 2018 with the injection energy of 80 MeV. The initial machine parameter tuning and various beam studies were completed. In this paper, the commissioning experiences are introduced.  
slides icon Slides TUA1WD03 [10.794 MB]  
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TUA1WD04 High Intensity Proton Stacking at Fermilab: 700 kW Running proton, controls, survey, extraction 136
 
  • R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, B.C. Brown, D. Capista, K.J. Hazelwood, I. Kourbanis, D.K. Morris, M. Xiao, M.-J. Yang
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  As part of the Nova upgrades in 2012, the Recycler was repurposed as proton stacker for the Main Injector with the aim to deliver 700 kW. Since January 2017, this design power has been run routinely. The steps taken to commission the Recycler and run at 700 kW operationally will be discussed as well as plans for future running.  
slides icon Slides TUA1WD04 [62.832 MB]  
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TUA2WD02 High-Power Beam Operation at J-PARC operation, resonance, simulation, proton 147
 
  • S. Igarashi
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is a multipurpose high-power proton accelerator facility, comprising a 400 MeV linac, a 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and a 30 GeV main ring synchrotron (MR). RCS is now providing 500 kW beams to the materials and life science experimental facility (MLF) and its beam power will be increased step by step toward the design value of 1 MW. MR has been operated with the beam power of 500 kW at maximum for the long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment (T2K). An upgrade plan of MR for the beam power of 1.3 MW for the T2K experiment is promoted with a faster cycling scheme.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUA2WD02  
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TUP1WA03 Beam Instabilities After Injection to the LHC simulation, emittance, controls, operation 163
 
  • H. Timko, T. Argyropoulos, I. Karpov, E.N. Shaposhnikova
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  Long-lasting phase oscillations have been observed at injection into the LHC since its first start-up with beam. These oscillations, however, were not leading to noticeable losses or blow-up in operation, and were therefore not studied in detail. In 2017, dedicated measurements with high-intensity bunches revealed that oscillations can lead to losses even slightly below the baseline intensity for the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC. For the first time, high-resolution bunch profile acquisitions were triggered directly at injection and the formation of large-amplitude non-rigid dipole oscillations was observed on a turn-by-turn basis. First simulations can reproduce this instability via bunch filamentation that takes place after injection, depending on the mismatch between the bunch and bucket size in momentum at injection.  
slides icon Slides TUP1WA03 [2.166 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUP1WA03  
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TUP2WA03 Studies of Capture and Flat-Bottom Losses in the SPS simulation, impedance, optics, beam-loading 180
 
  • M. Schwarz, H. Bartosik, E. Chapochnikova, A. Lasheen, J. Repond, H. Timko
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  One of the strong limitations for reaching higher beam intensities in the SPS, the injector of the LHC at CERN, are particle losses at flat bottom that increase with beam intensity. In this paper, different sources of these losses are investigated for two available SPS optics, using both measurements and simulations. Part of the losses originate from the PS-to-SPS bunch-to-bucket transfer, because the PS bunches are rotated in longitudinal phase space before injection and do not completely fit into the SPS RF bucket. The injection losses due to different injected bunch distributions were analyzed. Furthermore, at high intensities the transient beam loading in the SPS has a strong impact, which is (partially) compensated by the LLRF system. The effect of the present and future upgraded one-turn delay feedback system and phase loop on flat-bottom losses was studied using the longitudinal tracking code BLonD. Finally, the total particle losses are also affected by limitations in the SPS momentum aperture, visible for higher RF capture voltages in optics with lower transition energy and higher dispersion.  
slides icon Slides TUP2WA03 [8.038 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-TUP2WA03  
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TUP2WA04 Dynamic Vacuum Simulation for the BRing vacuum, simulation, extraction, synchrotron 186
 
  • P. Li, Z. Dong, M. Li, J.C. Yang
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • L.H.J. Bozyk
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences 2016364, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 11675235).
Large dynamic vacuum pressure rises of orders of magnitude which caused by the lost heavy ions can seriously limit the ion intensity and beam lifetime of the heavy ion accelerator, especially for the machine that operate the intermediate charge state heavy ion. The High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which will be built by the IMP will accumulate the intermediate charge state ion 238U35+ to intensity 2*1011 ppp to different terminals. In order to control the dynamic vacuum effects induced by the lose beams and design the collimation system for the BRing of the HIAF, a newly developed simulation program (ColBeam) and GSI's simulation code StrahlSim are both conducted and the dynamic vacuum simulation result is calculated by the StrahlSim. According to the simulation result, 3*1011 ppp particles is the up limit beam intensity can be extracted for the current BRing vacuum system design. Higher beam intensity can be reach to 5*1011 ppp when the NEG coating technology must be implemented for the dipole and quadrupole chamber.
HIAF, Collimation, Dynamic vacuum
 
slides icon Slides TUP2WA04 [9.947 MB]  
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WEA2WB02 Recent Studies of Beam Physics for Ion Linacs emittance, DTL, cavity, linac 200
 
  • L. Groening, S. Appel, X. Du, P. Gerhard, M.T. Maier, A. Rubin, P. Scharrer, H. Vormann, C. Xiao
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • M. Chung
    UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  • P. Scharrer
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • P. Scharrer
    Mainz University, Mainz, Germany
 
  The UNIversal Linear ACcelerator (UNILAC) at GSI aims at provision of high brilliant ion beams, as it main purpose will be to serve as injector for the upcoming FAIR accelerator complex. The UNILAC injects into the subsequent synchrotron SIS18 applying horizontal multi-turn injection (MTI). Optimization of this process triggered intense theoretical and experimental studies of dynamics of transversely coupled beams. These activities comprise round-to-flat beam transformation, full 4d transverse beam diagnostics, optimization of the MTI parameters through generic algorithms, and extension of Busch's theorem to accelerated particle beams. Finally, recent advance in modeling time-transition-factors and its impact on improved linac performance will be presented as well as progress in the optimization of ion charge state stripping.  
slides icon Slides WEA2WB02 [4.772 MB]  
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WEP2PO006 Overview of the CERN PSB-to-PS Transfer Line Optics Matching Studies in View of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project emittance, optics, operation, quadrupole 272
 
  • V. Forte, S.C.P. Albright, W. Bartmann, G.P. Di Giovanni, M.A. Fraser, C. Heßler, A. Huschauer, A. Oeftiger
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  At injection into the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) a significant horizontal emittance blow-up of the present high brightness beams for the LHC is observed. A partial contribution to this effect is suspected to be an important mismatch between the dispersion function in the transfer line from the PS Booster (PSB) and the ring itself. This mismatch will be unacceptable in view of the beam parameters requested by the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project with high longitudinal emittance and momentum spread. To deliver the requested beam parameters the PSB-to-PS transfer line will be upgraded and the optics in the line changed to improve the matching from all the four PSB rings. A re-matching campaign from the PSB ring 3 has been carried out to evaluate the impact of the present optics mismatch as a source of emittance growth both in simulations and measurements.  
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WEP2PO007 Multi-Particle Simulations of the Future CERN PSB Injection Process with Updated Linac4 Beam Performance linac, emittance, optics, simulation 278
 
  • V. Forte, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, M.A. Fraser, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, the injection process in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) will be renovated after the connection with the Linac4. A new H charge exchange injection system using a stripping foil is foreseen to increase the brightness of the stored beams and to provide high flexibility in terms of emittance tailoring at 160 MeV. Realistic multi-particle simulations of the future injection processes for high brightness beams (i.e. for the LHC) and high intensity beams (i.e. for the ISOLDE experiment) are presented in this paper. The simulations are based on the present performance of Linac4 and include scattering induced by the foil, space charge effects and compensation of the lattice perturbation introduced by the bumpers of the injection chicane.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-WEP2PO007  
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WEP2PO011 Studies of Transverse Instabilities in the CERN SPS emittance, simulation, octupole, optics 291
 
  • M.S. Beck, H. Bartosik, M. Carlà, K.S.B. Li, G. Rumolo, M. Schenk
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • U. van Rienen
    Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
 
  In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU), beams with about twice the intensity compared to the present values will have to be accelerated by the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and extracted towards the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Machine studies with intensity higher than the nominal LHC beam have shown that coherent instabilities in both transverse planes may develop at injection energy, potentially becoming a limitation for the future high intensity operation. In particular, a transverse mode coupling instability is encountered in the vertical plane, the threshold of which can be sufficiently increased by changing the machine optics. In addition, a headtail instability of individual bunches is observed in the horizontal plane in multi-bunch operation, which requires stabilization by high chromaticity. The PyHEADTAIL code has been used to check if the present SPS impedance model reproduces the experimental observations. The instability growth rates have been studied for different machine optics configurations and different chromaticity settings. Other stabilizing mechanisms like tune spread from octupoles or the transverse damper have also been investigated.  
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WEP2PO017 Study on the Leakage Fields of the Septum and Lambertson Magnets during the Beam Commissioning septum, MMI, neutron, extraction 303
 
  • M.Y. Huang, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
 
  For China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the septum magnets are the key part of the injection system and the lambertson magnet is the key part of the extraction system. If the leakage fields of the septum and lambertson magnets are large enough, the circular beam orbit of Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) would be affected. In this paper, during the beam commissioning, the leakage fields of the septum and lambertson magnets will be studied and their effects on the circular beam orbit will be given and discussed.  
poster icon Poster WEP2PO017 [0.852 MB]  
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WEP2PO022 Study on the Phase Space Painting Injection during the Beam Commissioning for CSNS MMI, linac, neutron, dipole 309
 
  • M.Y. Huang, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
 
  During the beam commissioning of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), different injection methods were used in different periods. In the early stage, since the precise position of the injection point was unknown and the beam power was relatively small, the fixed point injection was selected. In the later period, in order to increase the beam power and reduce the beam loss, the phase space painting method was used. In this paper, the phase space painting in the horizontal and vertical planes is studied in detail and the beam commissioning results of different painting injection are given and discussed. In addition, the different injection effects of the fixed point injection and painting injection are compared and studied.  
poster icon Poster WEP2PO022 [0.708 MB]  
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WEP2PO024 Resonance Stop-bands Compensation at Booster Ring of HIAF resonance, alignment, betatron, coupling 315
 
  • J. Li, J.C. Yang
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
 
  Booster Ring (BRing) of the new approved High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in China is designed to stack 0.3-1.0·1011 number of 238U35+ ions by painting injection and deliver over such intensity beam in extraction. However, depressed tune spread caused by space charge effect crosses the low-order resonance stop-bands after bunching the storage beam. To keep a low beam loss during crossing, stop-band compensation scheme is proposed covering the whole process of RF capture and early acceleration.  
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WEP2PO027 Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of the Reconstructed U200 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR cyclotron, solenoid, ECR, emittance 319
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research begin the works under reconstruction of the cyclotron U200. The reconstructed cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 8 up to the fixed energies 3.5 and 5.3 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 3 pmcA for lighter ions (A< 40) and about 0.3 pmcA for heavier ions (A<132). The cyclotron will be used in the microchip testing, production of the track pore membranes and for applied physics. The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external superconducting ECR ion source. The simulation of the axial injection system of the cyclotron is presented in this report.  
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THA1WD04 High-Brightness Challenges for the Operation of the CERN Injector Complex linac, brightness, emittance, proton 352
 
  • K. Hanke, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, H. Bartosik, E. Chapochnikova, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, B. Goddard, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, A. Lasheen, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, F. Tecker
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  CERN's LHC injectors are delivering high-brightness proton and ion beams for the Large Hadron Collider LHC. We review the present operation modes and beam performance, and highlight the limitations. We will then give an overview of the upgrade program that has been put in place to meet the demands of the LHC during the High-Luminosity LHC era.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-THA1WD04  
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THP1WC01 MEBT Laser Notcher (Chopper) for Booster Loss Reduction laser, booster, linac, cavity 416
 
  • D.E. Johnson, C.M. Bhat, S. Chaurize, K.L. Duel, T.R. Johnson, P.R. Karns, W. Pellico, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, D. Slimmer
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Fermilab Booster, which utilizes multi-turn injection and adiabatic capture, the extraction gap (aka "notch") has been created in the ring at injection energy using fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded absorber within the accelerator tunnel. This process, while effective at creating the extraction notch, was responsible for a significant fraction of the total beam power loss in the Booster tunnel and created significant residual activation within the Booster tunnel in the absorber region and beyond. With increasing beam demand from the Experimental Program, the Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV, where activation in not an issue. This talk will discuss moving from R&D to an operational laser system and its integration into the accelerator complex. We will also cover the loss reduction in the Booster, increased efficiency, and increased proton throughput. We will touch on other potential applications for this bunch-by-bunch neutralization approach.
 
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THP1WC02 Status of Proof-of-Principle Demonstration of 400 MeV H-Stripping to Proton by Using Only Lasers at J-PARC laser, proton, cavity, linac 422
 
  • P.K. Saha, H. Harada, M. Kinsho, A. Miura, M. Yoshimoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • Y. Irie, I. Yamane
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • Y. Michine, H. Yoneda
    University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
 
  In order to make a breakthrough in the conventional H charge-exchange injection done by using solid stripper foil, we proposed a completely new method H stripping to proton by using only lasers. Extremely high residual radiation due foil beam interaction beam losses as well as unreliable and short lifetime of the stripper foil are already serious issues in all existing high intensity proton machines. To established our new principle, experimental studies for a proof-of-principle (POP) demonstration at 400 MeV H beam energy is under preparation at J-PARC. A vacuum chamber for the POP demonstration has already been installed at the end section of 400 MeV H beam transport of J-PARC Linac. The H beam manipulations, numerical simulations as well as the laser beam studies are in progress. The present status of the POP demonstration of 400 MeV H stripping to protons by using only lasers are presented.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-THP1WC02  
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THP1WC03 Design of 162-MHz CW Bunch-by-Bunch Chopper and Prototype Testing Results kicker, booster, linac, ECR 428
 
  • A.V. Shemyakin, C.M. Baffes, J.-P. Carneiro, B.E. Chase, A.Z. Chen, J. Einstein-Curtis, D. Frolov, B.M. Hanna, V.A. Lebedev, L.R. Prost, G.W. Saewert, A. Saini, D. Sun
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • C.J. Richard
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • D. Sharma
    RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India
 
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics
The PIP-II program of upgrades proposed for the Fermilab accelerator complex, is centered around a 800 MeV, 2 mA CW SRF linac. A unique feature of the PIP-II linac is the capability to form a flexible bunch structure by removing a pre-programmed set of bunches from a long-pulse or CW 162.5 MHz train, coming from the RFQ, within the 2.1-MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section. The MEBT chopping system consists of two travelling-wave kickers working in sync followed by a beam absorber. The prototype components of the chopping system, two design variants of the kickers and a 1/4-size absorber, have been installed in the PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) accelerator and successfully tested with beam of up to 5 mA. In part, one of the kickers demonstrated a capability to create an aperiodic pulse sequence suitable for synchronous injection into the Booster while operating at 500 V and average switching frequency of 44 MHz during 0.55 ms bursts at 20 Hz. This report presents the design of the PIP-II MEBT chopping system and results of prototypes testing at PIP2IT.
 
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2018-THP1WC03  
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