Keyword: ion-source
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MOWZO01 FECR Ion Source Development and Challenges ECR, plasma, operation, cryogenics 1
 
  • L.T. Sun, Y. Chen, M.Z. Guan, J.W. Guo, J.B. Li, L.B. Li, L.X. Li, W. Lu, E.M. Mei, X.J. Ou, Z. Shen, X.D. Wang, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, C.J. Xin, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, S.J. Zheng, L. Zhu
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • Z. Shen, L.T. Sun
    UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  FECR or the First 4th generation ECR ion source is under development at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) since 2015. This ion source is aiming to extract intense highly charged heavy ion beams in the order of emA from the dense plasma heated with 45 GHz microwave power. To provide effective magnetic confinement to the 45 GHz ECR plasma, a state of the art Nb3Sn magnet with min-B configuration is a straightforward technical path. As there is no much precedent references, it has to be designed, prototyped at IMP through in-house development. Meanwhile, other physics and technical challenges to a 4th generation ECR ion source are also tackled at IMP to find feasible solutions. This paper will give a brief review of the critical issues in the development of FECR ion source. A detailed report on the status of FECR prototype magnet development will be presented.  
slides icon Slides MOWZO01 [16.578 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO01  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 02 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 30 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 07 August 2021
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MOWZO02 LECR5 Development and Status Report ECR, electron, resonance, MMI 6
 
  • C. Qian, J.R. An, J.J. Chang, X. Fang, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, Z.H. Jia, L.B. Li, W. Lu, J.D. Ma, Y.M. Ma, L.T. Sun, H. Wang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • C. Qian
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  LECR5 (Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source No. 5) is an 18 GHz room temperature ECR ion source featuring Ø80 mm ID (Internal Diameter) plasma chamber and high magnetic fields. It has been successfully constructed at IMP recently and has been fully commissioned to meet the requirements of SESRI (Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure) project. According to the test results, LECR5 can meet the requirements of SESRI with sufficient beam intensities within the required the transverse emittances. As LECR5 is designed to be optimal for the operation at 18 GHz, we have managed to explore the source performance at 18 GHz with a maximum microwave power around 2 kW. Recent source test indicates, LECR5 can produce not only high intensity ion beams such as 2.12 emA O6+, 121 e’A of Ar14+, 73 e’A of Kr23+, 145 e’A of Xe27+, but also very high charge state ion beams such as 22 e’A of Bi41+. This paper will present the recent progress with LECR5, especially the intense ion beam production and the beam quality investigation.  
slides icon Slides MOWZO02 [5.886 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO02  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 30 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 14 November 2021
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MOWZO03 Status of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS emittance, brilliance, ECR, resonance 10
 
  • L. Celona, G. Calabrese, G. Castro, F. Chines, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, G. Manno, D. Mascali, A. Massara, S. Passarello, D. Siliato, G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • G. Costanzo
    INFN-Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  • C. Maugeri, F. Russo
    CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
  
  The AISHa ion source is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source designed to generate high brightness multiply charged ion beams with high reliability, easy operations and maintenance for hadrontheraphy applications. The R&D performed by the INFN-LNS team during the 2019/2020 has allowed the improvement of the AISHa performances up to 20% for some of the extracted beams: both injection and extraction flanges has been improved and a movable electrode has been installed. The low energy beam transport has been equipped of an Emittance Measurement Unit (EMU), working through the beam wire scanners principle, for the measurement of the vertical and horizontal emittance of the beams of interest for hadrontherapy applications. Beam emittance has been characterized as a function of q/m and of the beam intensity to highlight space charge effects. If necessary, the beam wire scanners can be used for the characterization of the beam shape. The perspectives for further developments and plasma diagnostics will be also highlighted.  
slides icon Slides MOWZO03 [24.738 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO03  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 12 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 06 February 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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MOWZO04 GISMO Gasdynamic ECR Ion Source Status: Towards High-Intensity Ion Beams of Superior Quality plasma, extraction, ECR, neutron 13
 
  • I. Izotov, A. Bokhanov, E.M. Kiseleva, R.L. Lapin, V. Skalyga, S.S. Vybin
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  
  Funding: The work was supported by RFBR, grant #20-32-70002, and within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 0035-2019-0002.
GISMO, a CW high-current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source, is under development at the IAP RAS. The quasi-gasdynamic confinement regime, featuring high plasma density (up to 1014 cm-3) and moderate electron temperature (~100 eV), allowed to extract pulsed beams of H+ and D+ ions with current of 450 mA and RMS emittance <0.07 pi mm mrad*. It has been already demonstrated that major benefits of quasi-gasdynamic confinement, previously tested in pulsed mode, are scalable to the CW operational mode. In first experiments at GISMO facility, the ion beams were extracted in pulsed mode from the CW plasma of ECR discharge due to technical limitations of cooling circuits. Proton beams with current up to 70 mA were achieved at extraction voltage of 40 kV. A new unique extraction system especially effective for the formation of high current density ion beams was developed.
* V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, A. Sidorov, S. Golubev, T. Kalvas, H. Koivisto, and O. Tarvainen. Review of Scientific Instruments 85, 02A702 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4825074 		 
slides icon Slides MOWZO04 [3.681 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO04  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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MOXZO01 Status of the 45 GHz MARS-D ECRIS ECR, ECRIS, plasma, operation 17
 
  • D.Z. Xie, J.Y. Benitez, M.K. Covo, A. Hodgkinson, M. Juchno, L. Phair, D.S. Todd, L. Wang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231
Development of the MARS-D ECR ion source, a 45 GHz next generation ECRIS using a NbTi MARS-magnet, has been continuously moving forward at LBNL. Recent stress analyses and other key components of the MARS-D ion source have been essentially finalized. This article presents and discusses the status of this new 45 GHz ECR ion source, such as the latest design features and the fabrication plan with funding available in the very near future. 		 
slides icon Slides MOXZO01 [3.661 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOXZO01  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 02 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 01 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 29 November 2021
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MOXZO02 Conceptual Design of Heavy Ion ToF-ERDA Facility Based on Permanent Magnet ECRIS and Variable Frequency RFQ Accelerator rfq, ECR, ECRIS, LEBT 21
 
  • O.A. Tarvainen, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • J. Julin, T. Kalvas
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  
  Ion beam analysis is typically based on tandem accelerators and negative ions. The required 5-20 MeV energies for heavy ion time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis* (ToF-ERDA) can be achieved with a high charge state ion source and RFQ accelerator. We present a conceptual design of a ToF-ERDA facility based on a permanent magnet ECRIS and variable frequency RFQ accelerating 1-10 pnA of 40Ar8+, 84Kr17+ and 129Xe24+ ions to 4-7, 10-15 and 13-20 MeV. We present the PM ECRIS requirements focusing on the CUBE-ECRIS** with a quadrupole min-B field topology. Beam dynamics studies demonstrating good transmission of the heavy ion beams from the ion source to the RFQ entrance through the electrostatic low energy beam transport (LEBT) and a permanent magnet dipole are presented. The predicted LEBT transmissions of the CUBE-ECRIS (rectangular extraction slit) and a conventional ECRIS (circular extraction aperture) are compared. The conceptual design of the RFQ is described and the implications of the energy spread on the high energy beam transport are discussed. It is demonstrated that an energy spread below 0.2 % is necessary for appropriate resolution of the heavy ion ToF-ERDA.
* J. Julin and T. Sajavaara, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 406, Part A, (2017), pp 61-65.
** T. Kalvas, O. Tarvainen, V. Toivanen and H. Koivisto, 2020 JINST 15 P06016. 		 
slides icon Slides MOXZO02 [10.204 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOXZO02  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 14 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
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MOYZO02 High Resolution X-ray Imaging as a Powerful Diagnostics Tool to Investigate ECRIS Plasma Structure and Confinement Dynamics plasma, photon, ECR, electron 32
 
  • E. Naselli, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • S. Biri, Z. Perduk, R. Rácz
    Atomki, Debrecen, Hungary
  • A. Galatà
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • E. Naselli
    Catania University, Catania, Italy
  • J. Pálinkás
    DU, Debrecen, Hungary
  
  High resolution spatially-resolved X-ray spectroscopy, by means of a X-ray pin-hole camera setup* ** operating in the 0.5-20 keV energy domain, is a very powerful method for ECRIS plasma structure evaluation. We present the setup installed at a 14 GHz ECRIS (ATOMKI, Debrecen), including a multi-layered collimator enabling measurements up to several hundreds of watts of RF pumping power and the achieved spatial and energy resolution (0.5 mm and 300 eV). Results coming by a new algorithm for analyzing Integrated (multi-events detection) and Photon-Counted images (single-event detection) to perform energy-resolved investigation will be described. The analysis permits to investigate High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) and spectrally resolved images, to study the effect of the axial and radial confinement (even separately), the plasma radius, the fluxes of deconfined electrons distinguishing fluorescence lines of the materials of the plasma chamber (Ti, Ta) from plasma (Ar) fluorescence lines. This method allows a detailed characterization of warm electrons, important for ionization, and to quantitatively estimate local plasma density and spectral temperature pixel-by-pixel.
*S. Biri et al., JINST 13(11):C11016-C11016, DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/13/11/C11016
**E. Naselli et al., JINST 14(10):C10008-C10008, DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/C10008 		 
slides icon Slides MOYZO02 [26.629 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOYZO02  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 02 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 17 December 2020
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MOYZO03 The Relationship Between the Diffusion of Hot Electrons, Plasma Stability, and ECR Ion Source Performance plasma, ECR, electron, cyclotron 38
 
  • B.C. Isherwood
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Machicoane
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Machicoane
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: This research was made possible by the National Science Foundation under NSF Grant 1632761 and the U.S. Department of Energy Award Number DE-SC0018362.
Plasma instabilities complicate the operation of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources. In particular, quasi-periodic losses of electrons from confinement due to kinetic cyclotron instabilities hinder ion source performance. Empirical scaling laws help guide the development of sources away from the most unstable operating points but are poorly understood. Further advancement of ECR ion source technologies requires a deeper understanding of instabilities, scaling laws, and internal processes of the ion source plasma itself. We present here results of an experimental study into these instabilities and scaling laws, and measurements of hot electron diffusion (E > 10 keV) from the 18 GHz SUSI ECRIS at the NSCL. Measurements of the average argon current and the standard deviation of their variations across multiple unstable operating points are shown. These measurements are compared to measurements of electrons that diffuse axially from the plasma chamber. In doing so it will be shown how controlling the diffusion of electrons control the stability of the plasma and optimize the ion source’s performance. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOYZO03  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2020 — Revised ※ 20 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 19 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 11 April 2022
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MOZZO01 Production of 48Ca and 48Ti Ion Beams at the DC-280 Cyclotron cyclotron, ECR, ECRIS, factory 43
 
  • S.L. Bogomolov, A.E. Bondarchenko, A.A. Efremov, K.I. Kuzmenkov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V. Mironov, D.K. Pugachev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The heaviest known elements (up to 118Og) were synthesized at the U-400 cyclotron (FLNR JINR, Dubna) by using a beam of 48Ca ions. During the tests of the DC-280 cyclotron, intense beams of 48Ca ions were produced. For the synthesis of the elements 119 and heavier, intense and stable beams of medium-mass elements are required, such as 50Ti and 54Cr. Before starting the main experiments, we test the production of 48Ti ion beam, which is less expensive than 50Ti. The article describes the method, technique, and experimental results on the production of 48Ca and 48Ti ion beam at the DC-280 cyclotron from the DECRIS-PM ion source.  
slides icon Slides MOZZO01 [1.105 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO01  
About • Received ※ 24 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 20 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 21 July 2021
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MOZZO03 Stable and Intense 48Ca Ion Beam Production With a Microwave Shielded Oven and an Optical Spectrometer as Diagnostic Tool ECR, ECRIS, plasma, shielding 50
 
  • F. Maimone, R.H. Hollinger, R. Lang, J. Mäder, P.T. Patchakui, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • A. Andreev
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  The CAPRICE ECRIS installed at the High Charge Injector (HLI) of GSI produces highly charged ion beams from gaseous and metallic elements. A high demand of metal ions comes from the nuclear physics, material re-search, and Super Heavy Element group (SHE), and the most requested element, besides 50Ti, is 48Ca. When this chemical reactive material is deposited inside the plasma chamber at internal components the stability can be com-promised. Furthermore, it is difficult to find a working point to guarantee a long-term stability as the oven re-sponse time and the reaction of the ECRIS are relatively slow. The monitoring by using an Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES) facilitates immediate reactions when-ever plasma instabilities occur. For this reason, a real-time diagnostic system based on an OES has been in-stalled at the ECRIS at HLI for routine operation during the beam-time 2020. The measured spectra revealed a parasitic oven heating by coupled microwaves often com-promising the ion source performance. Therefore, a tung-sten grid has been installed to shield the oven orifice from the coupled microwaves. The results in terms of 48Ca beam intensity and stability are reported here.  
slides icon Slides MOZZO03 [11.434 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO03  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 18 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 08 October 2020 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2020
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MOZZO04 New Metallic Stable Ion Beams for GANIL ECR, injection, plasma, experiment 54
 
  • F. Lemagnen, C. Barue, M. Dubois, R. Frigot, N. Lechartier, V. Metayer, B. Osmond
    GANIL, Caen, France
  
  GANIL has been producing many stable beams for nearly 40 years. Constant progress has been made in terms of intensity, stability and reliability. The intensity for some stable metallic beams now exceeds or approaches the pµA level at an energy up to 95 MeV/u: 1.14 pµA for 36S (65% enriched) at 77 MeV/u, 0.35 pµA for 58Ni (63%) at 74 MeV/u. The presentation highlights recent results obtained for 28Si, 184W and 130Te using the GANIL ‘s LCO (Large Capacity Oven) on the ECR4 ion source. To produce the tungsten beam, two injection methods were compared. For the first one, we evaporated some tungsten trioxide (WO3) with GANIL ‘s LCO. For the second one, the injection in the plasma chamber was made by using MIVOC (Metallic Ions from VOlatile compounds) with a tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO)6) compound. It was the first time that we used metal carbonyl compounds and the result is promising. All the tests have been qualified to obtain the level of intensity and beam stability. Theses good results led us to propose them for Physics experiments.  
slides icon Slides MOZZO04 [4.743 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO04  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 16 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 21 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
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MOZZO06 Microcontrollers as Gate and Delay Generators for Time Resolved Measurements plasma, electron, ECR, cyclotron 57
 
  • B.C. Isherwood
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Machicoane
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: This research was made possible by the National Science Foundation under NSF Grant 1632761 and the U.S. Department of Energy Award Number DE-SC0018362.
The diffusion of electrons from ECRIS plasmas results in the emission of bremsstrahlung distributions from the plasma chamber. ECRIS bremsstrahlung measurements that are both time- and energy-resolved are often challenging to perform due to the 10’s; 100’s ms timescale that the plasma evolves over. However, the advancement of low-cost microcontrollers over the last decade makes timing and gating photon spectrometers easier. We present a proof of principle measurement which uses an Arduino microcontroller as a gate-and-delay generator for a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. An example plot of the time-resolved bremsstrahlung spectrum, triggered by beam current variation induced by kinetic instabilities, is shown. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOZZO06  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2020 — Revised ※ 21 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 19 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 23 December 2021
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TUWZO03 Production of Metallic Ion Beams with Inductive Heating Oven at Institute of Modern Physics ECR, plasma, operation, ECRIS 65
 
  • W. Lu, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, W. Huang, L.B. Li, L.X. Li, H.Y. Ma, J.D. Ma, C. Qian, L.T. Sun, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • W. Huang, L.T. Sun
    UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • C. Qian
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  A High-Temperature Oven (HTO) with inductive heating technology has been developed successfully in 2019 at Institute of Modern Physics. This oven features durable operation temperature of >2000’ inside the tantalum susceptor. By careful design the oven structure, material compatibility and thermal stress issues at high temperature has been successfully handled, which enables the production of >400 e’A U33+ with SECRAL-II*. With necessary refinement, this type of oven could also be available with room temperature ECR ion sources, like LECR4 and LECR5. Some improvements in structure have been proposed in this year. The design and testing results will be presented in this contribution.
*W. Lu, L. T. Sun, C. Qian, L. B. Li, J. W. Guo, W. Huang, X. Z. Zhang, and H. W. Zhao, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90, 113318 (2019); 		 
slides icon Slides TUWZO03 [7.369 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUWZO03  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 30 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 08 October 2021
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TUXZO01 A Proposed Explanation of High-Minimum-B Instabilities electron, resonance, ECR, plasma 68
 
  • D.S. Todd, J.Y. Benitez
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  It is well-known that electron cyclotron resonance ion sources exhibit instabilities when these sources’ minimum magnetic fields are approximately 80% of the resonant field or greater, but the reasons for this instability have yet to be satisfactorily explained. We show that raising the minimum field makes much faster heating modes accessible at lower energies that invite the onset of kinetic instabilities.  
slides icon Slides TUXZO01 [3.566 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUXZO01  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 06 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 13 December 2020
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TUYZO02 A Guiding Centre Approximation Approach for Simulation Electron Trajectories in ECR and Microwave Ion Sources electron, plasma, ECR, GUI 84
 
  • J.A. Méndez, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • T. Minea
    CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France
  
  Funding: Work supported by the CNRS under the 80|PRIME grant
This work presents a study on the feasibility of the implementation of the guiding centre (GC) approach in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, with the goal of speeding up the electron’s orbit integration in certain regimes. It is shown that the GC approximation reproduces accurately the trajectory drifts and periodic behaviour of electrons in the minimum-B field. A typical electron orbit far enough from the source’s axis is well reproduced for 1 µs of propagation time, with the GC time-step constrained below 100 ps, giving one order of magnitude gain in computation time with respect to Boris. For an electron orbit close to the axis a disphasement of the electron’s trajectory is observed, but the spatial envelope is conserved. A comparative study analyses electron trajectories in a flatter B-field, that in a microwave discharge ion source, where this method’s drawbacks may be avoided given a smaller magnetic field gradient and a shorter electron lifetime in the plasma chamber. In this regime electron trajectories were very well reproduced by the GC approximation. The time-step was constrained below 10 ns, providing up to 30 times faster integration compared to Boris. 		 
slides icon Slides TUYZO02 [5.829 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUYZO02  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 21 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 02 February 2022
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TUZZO01 Characterization of 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source Bench for Accelerator-Based 14-MeV Neutron Generator ECR, emittance, neutron, extraction 95
 
  • S.J. Vala, M. Abhangi, M. Bandyopadhyay, R. Kumar, R. Kumar
    Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, India
  
  The 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) has been indigenously developed. This development of ECRIS aims to provide high brightness, stable, and reliable D+ ion beam of 20 mA beam current in a continuous (CW) mode operation for an accelerator-based D-T neutron generator. The ECR ion source setup consists of a microwave system, a magnet system, a double wall water-cooled plasma chamber, a high voltage platform, a three-electrode ion extraction system, and a vacuum system. The ECR ion source test setup is installed, and the deuterium plasma is generated. A three-electrode extraction system is designed and fabricated for the ion beam extraction. A ~10 mA deuterium ion beam is extracted from the ECR ion source. The paper covers the detailed experimental setup of ion beam characterization and diagnostics used for measurement of beam profile, beam current, and beam emittance measurements. It also covers the latest results of beam emittance measurements.  
slides icon Slides TUZZO01 [0.727 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO01  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2020 — Revised ※ 23 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 19 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUZZO02 Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Related Research and Development Work at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL) ECR, ECRIS, plasma, electron 98
 
  • H.A. Koivisto, B.S. Bhaskar, A. Ikonen, T. Kalvas, S.T. Kosonen, R.J. Kronholm, M.S.P. Marttinen, O.P.I. Timonen, V. Toivanen
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  • J. Angot, B.S. Bhaskar, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • I. Izotov, V. Skalyga
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • L. Maunoury
    GANIL, Caen, France
  • O.A. Tarvainen
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: The work has received funding from the Academy of Finland under the Academy of Finland Project funding (No. 315855) and from University Grenoble Alps under EMERGENCE-project.
Recent research work of the JYFL ion source team covers multi-diagnostic studies of plasma instabilities, high-resolution plasma optical emission spectroscopy, ion current transient measurements to define the total life-time of a particle in the highly charged plasma. The JYFL team also elaborates the magnetic and technical design of the unconventional ion source named CUBE. The R&D work includes, in addition, the commissioning and operation of the high-performance 18 GHz ECRIS, HIISI. The instability measurements have revealed new information about the parameters affecting the onset of the plasma instabilities and shown that different instability modes exist. The ion-beam transient studies have given information about the cumulative life-time of highly-charged ions convergent with the ion temperatures deduced from the Doppler broadening of emission lines. The CUBE prototype has a minimum-B quadrupole magnetic field topology, similar to ARC-ECRIS, and its all-permanent magnet structure has been optimized for 10 GHz frequency. The CUBE design will be presented along with its commissioning status. The status and operational experience with HIISI will be reported as well. 		 
slides icon Slides TUZZO02 [9.553 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO02  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 09 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 05 May 2021
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TUZZO04 Status of the 60 GHz ECR Ion Source Research plasma, ECR, experiment, extraction 102
 
  • T. André, J. Angot, M.A. Baylac, P. Sole, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • F. Debray
    GHMFL, Grenoble, France
  • I. Izotov, V. Skalyga
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  
  SEISM is a compact ECR ion source operating at 60 GHz developed up to 2014. The prototype uses a magnetic cusp to confine the plasma. This simple magnetic geometry was chosen to allow the use of polyhelix coils (developed at the LNCMI, Grenoble) to generate a strong magnetic confinement featuring a closed ECR surface at 2.1 T. The plasma is sustained by a 300 kW microwave pulse of 1 ms duration and with a 2 Hz repetition rate. Previous experiments at LNCMI have successfully demonstrated the establishment of the nominal magnetic field and the extraction of ion beams with a current density up to ~ 1A/cm2. The presence of "afterglow" peaks was also observed, proving the existence of ion confinement in a cusp ECR ion source. The last run was prematurely stopped but the project restarted in 2018 and new experiments are planned in 2021. A new transport beam line has been designed to improve ion beam transport towards the beam detectors. Short- and long-term research plans are presented, including numerical simulations of the beam transport line and future upgrades of the ion source with the main goal to transform the high current density measured into a real high intensity ion beam.  
slides icon Slides TUZZO04 [5.933 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO04  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 15 January 2021 — Accepted ※ 14 February 2021 — Issue date ※ 14 July 2022
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TUZZO05 Multi-Species Child-Langmuir Law with Application to ECR Ion Sources ECR, extraction, space-charge, target 106
 
  • C.Y. Wong
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • S.M. Lund
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  We generalize the classical single-species Child-Langmuir Law to analyze multi-species beams from ECR ion sources. The formulation assumes the relative weight of each species in the extracted beam is known. We apply the results to charge state distribution data from Artemis- and Venus-type sources at the NSCL and LBNL respectively. The total measured beam current is close to the maximum current predicted by the multi-species Child Langmuir law in each case, which indicates that beam extraction occurs close to space-charge-limited flow conditions. Prospects for application of the results and further studies on the topic are outlined.  
slides icon Slides TUZZO05 [0.508 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO05  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 16 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
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TUZZO06 Beams with Three-Fold Rotational Symmetry: A Theoretical Study ECR, solenoid, simulation, dipole 110
 
  • C.Y. Wong
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • S.M. Lund
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Beams from ECR ion sources have 3-fold transverse rotational symmetry induced by the ECR sextupole. The symmetry imposes equality constraints among transverse beam moments, which can be derived using a theoretical framework we developed. Since the constraints are solely a consequence of the rotational symmetry of external fields, they hold for a multi-species beam with arbitrary composition and space charge intensity. These constraints provide a new tool to analyze phase space properties of ECR beams and their impact on low-energy transport. We prove that, regardless of their triangulated spatial density profile, beams with 3-fold rotational symmetry have the same RMS emittance and Twiss parameters along any transverse direction. These counter-intuitive results are applied to the FRIB Front End to show how symmetry arguments challenge long-standing assumptions and bring clarity to the beam dynamics.  
slides icon Slides TUZZO06 [0.846 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUZZO06  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 14 May 2021 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 03 November 2021
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WEWZO02 Precise Identification of Extracted Ion Beam Spectrum Initially Obtained in Synthesising Iron-Endohedral Fullerenes on ECRIS ECR, experiment, resonance, ECRIS 114
 
  • I. Owada, S. Harisaki, Y. Kato, W. Kubo, T. Omori, K. Sato, K. Tsuda
    Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
  • A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu
    QST-NIRS, Chiba, Japan
  • Y. Yoshida
    Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
  
  Electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasma has been constructed for producing synthesized ion beams in Osaka Univ.[1,2] We hope that it can become a universal source capable of producing ions with wide range mass/charge ration (m/q). We have been trying to produce endohedral fullerenes in the ECRIS. We have conducted initial experiments on production of them only in the second stage of ECRIS. We have been using iron vapor source by induction heating (IH) from the mirror end along to the geometrical axis, and C60 crucible from the side wall, respectively. We succeeded in realizing ECR plasma that fullerene and iron ions coexist on the single stage ECRIS, even by 1kV extraction voltage.[3] By these experimental series, the typical CSD suggests that there is possibility of slight formation of iron fullerenes compounds and iron endohedral fullerenes. We are continuing to investigate the experimental conditions that maximize spectrum corresponding to iron endohedral fullerenes. In this paper we describe preliminary experimental results of synthesizing iron-endohedral fullerene on the ECRIS.
*Y. Kato, et al., RSI, 2014, 85, 02A950-1-3.
**Y. Kato, et al., RSI, 2016, 87, 02A710-1-4.
***Y. Kato, et.al., IIT2018, IEEE Conf. Publ., 2019, pp.172-175. 		 
slides icon Slides WEWZO02 [1.932 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEWZO02  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 14 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 12 January 2022
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WEWZO03 High Intensity Vanadium Beam Production to Search for New Super-Heavy Element with Z = 119 ECR, experiment, plasma, ECRIS 118
 
  • T. Nagatomo, Y. Higurashi, O. Kamigaito, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  We have begun searching for the new super-heavy element (SHE) with Z=119 at RIKEN Heavy Ion LINAC (RILAC). To overcome the small production cross section of vanadium (V) beam on the curium target, the project requires a very powerful V beam. In order to optimize the beam intensity of V with the charge state of 13+, we have investigated the effects of the amount of V vapor, the power of 18- and 28-GHz microwaves, and the strength of the mirror field. While no significant effect was seen by changing the mirror field Bext from 1.4 T to 1.6 T, the amount of V vapor and the microwave power strongly affected. Based on the correlation between the V-vapor and the microwave power, we obtained a 600-euA V(13+) beam with the V consumption rate of 24 mg/h and the microwave power of 2.9 kW in order to execute about 1-month SHE experiment. Furthermore, because such strong mirror field enhances the transverse beam emittance, it is important to control the emittance with small reduction of the intensity. We have successfully controlled the beam emittance by using three pairs of slits (triplet slits) in LEBT by eliminating the peripheral beam components in both of the x-x’ and y-y’ phase spaces.  
slides icon Slides WEWZO03 [2.981 MB]  
poster icon Poster WEWZO03 [13.283 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEWZO03  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 29 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 22 January 2021 — Issue date ※ 18 May 2021
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WEXZO02 39Ar Enrichment System Based on a 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source ECR, target, experiment, vacuum 128
 
  • Z.H. Jia, X. Fang, Y.H. Guo, Q. Hu, Y.J. Li, Y.G. Liu, L.T. Sun, Q. Wu, Y. Yang, T.X. Zhan, J.Q. Zhang
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • W. Jiang
    HNLPSM, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • Z.T. Lu
    USTC, SNST, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: National Key Research and Development Project (contract No.2016YFA0302202).
Aimed at improving the ATTA’s (Atom Trap Trace Analysis) dating efficiency with 39Ar radioactive isotope, an isotope enrichment system has been developed at IMP (Institute of Modern Physics) to increase the abundance of 39Ar in the incident sample gas. In this enrichment system, a 2.45 GHz ECR ion source was designed to ionize sample gas and produce isotopes beams with several mA, and the isotopes beam is transported and separated in the separation beam line, which is consisted of two quadrupoles and an analysis magnet. The separated isotopes are collected by a rotated aluminum foil target. According to the recent cross-checked results with ATTA, high enrichment factor of 39Ar isotope has been successfully reached. This paper will give a general introduction to the platform setup. The isotope enrichment efficiency is the critical issue for such a platform and will be specially discussed. 		 
slides icon Slides WEXZO02 [1.799 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEXZO02  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2020 — Revised ※ 21 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 14 February 2021 — Issue date ※ 21 July 2021
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WEXZO03 Conceptual Design of an Electrostatic Trap for High Intensity Pulsed Beam electron, ECR, simulation, extraction 132
 
  • W. Huang, Y.G. Liu, L.T. Sun, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  • L.T. Sun
    UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • D.Z. Xie
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Funding: China Scholarship Council (CSC) (No. 201904910324)
Highly charged ion sources play an important role in the advancement of heavy ion accelerators worldwide. The beam requirements of highly charged heavy ions from new accelerators have driven the performance of ion sources to their limits and beyond. In parallel to developing new technologies to enhance the performance of ECR ion source, this paper presents a conceptual design of an ion trap aiming to convert a cw ion beam into a short beam pulse with high compression ratios. With an electron gun, a solenoid and a set of drift tubes, the injected ions will be trapped radially and axially. By manipulating the potential of drift tubes, ions can be accumulated with multiple injections and extracted at a fast or slow scheme. This paper presents the simulation and design results of this ion trap prototype. 		 
slides icon Slides WEXZO03 [0.910 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEXZO03  
About • Received ※ 21 September 2020 — Revised ※ 01 January 2021 — Accepted ※ 14 April 2021 — Issue date ※ 14 July 2022
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WEXZO05 Production of Metal Ion Beams From ECR Ion Sources cyclotron, ECR, injection, operation 137
 
  • A.E. Bondarchenko, S.L. Bogomolov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V. Mironov, D.K. Pugachev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M.B. Abdigaliyev, I.A. Ivanov, M.V. Koloberdin, A.E. Kurakhmedov, D.A. Mustafin, Y.K. Sambayev, M.V. Zdorovets
    INP NNC RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  
  The work describes the preparation of metal ion beams from ECR ion sources by the MIVOC (Metal Ions from Volatile Compounds) method. The method is based on the use of volatile metal compounds having high vapor pressure at room temperature: for example, Ni(C5H5)2, (CH3)5C5Ti(CH3)3 and several others. Using this method, intense beams of chromium, titanium, iron, and other ions were obtained at the U-400 FLNR JINR and DC-60 cyclotrons (Astana branch of the INP, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan Republic).  
slides icon Slides WEXZO05 [3.129 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEXZO05  
About • Received ※ 24 September 2020 — Revised ※ 28 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 19 May 2021
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WEYZO01 Present Status of HIMAC ECR Ion Sources ECR, radiation, operation, experiment 140
 
  • M. Muramatsu, A. Kitagawa
    QST-NIRS, Chiba, Japan
  • S. Hashizaki, T. Kondo, F. Ouchi, T. Sasano, T. Shiraishi, T. Suzuki, K. Takahashi
    AEC, Chiba, Japan
  • Y. Iwata
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • M. Kawashima
    Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
  • M. Sei
    R&K Company Limited., Shizuoka, Japan
  
  High-energy carbon-ion radiotherapy is being carried out at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). Over 12000 cancer patients have been treated with carbon beams having energies of between 56-430 MeV/u since 1994. There are two injectors in the HIMAC for medical and experimental use. First injector consists of two ECR ion sources and one PIG ion source, the RFQ linac and the DTL. Usually, this injector suppling the carbon ion for cancer therapy and various ion such as H, He, Fe, Xe are accelerated for biological and physical experiment. The 10 GHz NIRS-ECR ion source produce the carbon ion for cancer therapy. The 18 GHz NIRS-HEC ion source produce He to Xe ions for experimental use. Second injector consists of the compact ECR ion source with all permanent magnet, the RFQ linac and the APF IH-DTL. This injector supplies the carbon ion for experimental use. Additionally, we tried production of the Indium and the Tin ions by using the In(C5H5) and the Sn(i-C3H7)4 at the NIRS-HEC. Beam current of the 115In20+ and 120Sn18+ were 90 and 15μA, respectively. Present status of ECR ion sources and some development will be described.  
slides icon Slides WEYZO01 [3.722 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEYZO01  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2020 — Revised ※ 01 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 15 October 2020 — Issue date ※ 16 October 2021
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WEYZO02 Design of a 2.45 GHz Surface Wave Plasma Source for Plasma Flood Gun plasma, electron, ECR, coupling 143
 
  • S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, B.J. Cui, Z.Y. Guo, Y.X. Jiang, K. Li, T.H. Ma, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang
    PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Plasma ’ood guns (PFGs) are widely used to neutralize wafer charge during the doping process in modern ion implanters. Compared with traditional dc arc discharge with filament and RF discharge, the microwave driven source that has long lifetime and has no metallic contamination is regarded as a potential choice of PFG [1]. Attempt to develop a large scale PFG based on 2.45 GHz microwave driven sources was launched at Peking University (PKU). A prototype one is a miniaturized 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source to produce point-like electron beam. In previous experiments, more than 8 mA electron beam has been extracted with a ’6 mm extraction hole at an input microwave power of 22 W with argon gas [2]. Recently, studies are focusing on the possibility of producing of ribbon electron beams as PFG with 2.45GHz microwave driven surface wave plasma (SWP) source. A cylindrical chamber surface wave plasma generator with a using cylindrical dielectric waveguide and a 70 mm×3 mm extraction slit was fabricated. The primary test results were obtained. More details of this PFGs will be discussed in this work.
References
[1] B. Vanderberg, et al. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1496(1), 356 (2012).
[2] Yaoxiang Jiang, Shixiang Peng, et al, Review of Scientific Instruments, 91, 033319 (2020). 		 
slides icon Slides WEYZO02 [5.475 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEYZO02  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 29 December 2020 — Accepted ※ 25 April 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 July 2022
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WEZZO03 ECR3 Commissioning and Planning for C-14 Ion Beams at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System ECR, target, experiment, ECRIS 157
 
  • R.H. Scott, R.C. Vondrasek
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source ECR3* has recently been commissioned at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) at Argonne National Laboratory. While ECR3 can provide many of the stable ATLAS beams, its other intended purpose is the production of C-14 ion beams which were previously produced by a now-retired negative ion source. This paper will discuss the final installation and commissioning of the ion source as well as the preparations for running C-14. A stable C-13 ethylene gas was used as a surrogate to determine the expected level of N-14 contamination when running C-14 since they are inseparable at ATLAS. We were also able to confirm consumption rates and charge state efficiencies under different C-13 running conditions in order to optimize the upcoming C-14 beam production.
*R. H. Scott, C. Dickerson, R. C. Pardo, and R. C. Vondrasek, "A New ECRIS Installation at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System", doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2016-WEPP14 		 
slides icon Slides WEZZO03 [0.667 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-WEZZO03  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 30 September 2020 — Accepted ※ 03 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 19 April 2021
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